This research aims to analyze how to develop the legal certainty for health institution during the Covid-19 pandemic period. The method used in this research is the normative research method, which analyzes the related constitutional regulations and legal materials. In handling the impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic which leads to the weakening of the economy, the government has issued some economic stimuli which are not limited to direct cash aid to the impacted people, but also relaxation and restructurization programs for health institution and their business organs. The writer concludes that those things are not enough to cope with the bankruptcy which threatens the nation. Because of that, there needs to be restructurization agreements between the health institution. This is because until now, the Constitution on Bankruptcy and the Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations are the latest legislations which regulate the debtors and creditors' relation regarding their financial obligations during a financial crisis during the period of the Covid-19 pandemic to protect the health institution.


Since the 1970s, there has been increasing attention to environment. To what
 extend and how one society will take care of the environment largely depends
 on its importance in the value system of every individual and society as a
 whole. The aim of this paper was to examine the importance of the environment
 in the system of individual/ personal values of the citizens of Serbia, the
 assessment of its importance in the value system of the society as a whole,
 as well as to find out what is of higher priority for respondents -
 environment or economic development. For this purpose, a survey was conducted
 among a sample of 250 respondents. The obtained results show that, in spite
 of the low standard of living and a long-term economic crisis in the country,
 environment is highly rated, both at the level of personal priorities (where
 environment is ranked on the third place), and at the country level (where it
 is ranked on the second place). The attitudes of the respondents showed that
 the truce and reconciliation of ecology and economy is necessary and required
 for the development of a more sustainable society. [Projekat Ministarstva
 nauke Republike Srbije, br. OI179028: Ruralno tržiste rada i ruralna
 ekonomija Srbije-diverzifikacija dohotka i mogucnosti smanjenja siromastva]


This paper proposes a model which intends to analyse the alternative between discrimination and mutualisation in insurance. We suppose there exists an observable (but initially hidden)variable, that predicts the level of risk of an individual. This variable can be observed through a testing process. Before testing, each individual has an imperfect private information on his risk.


ABSTRACT In this article, the authors present a case study on a teaching and learning initiative in digital humanities at Connecticut College. The article outlines a project in which students in a midlevel history course collaborated with library staff and faculty to develop a digital exhibition on a nineteenth-century journal in the College's collection. The cooperative approach and institutional support that the team received provided an effective and flexible means for achieving common goals. As students applied emergent technologies to college collections, they were able to conduct meaningful research and bring archival resources to new audiences.


In recent years, communicable diseases, such as The Avian Flu and SARS, have dominated the news, and in the process, they have had tremendous impact on public health policies. In this paper, we introduce a mathematical model that is used to study epidemics and pandemics. The work is motivated by data on the 1918-1919 in uenza pandemic in two cities of Canada, Montreal and Winnipeg. We estimated model parameters for the two cities using 1918 fall wave epidemic data through nonlinear least square tting. We then explore the role of heterogeneity via a two-patch (city) model. For the two-patch version of the model, we derive a formula for a nal size epidemic and the basic reproduction number (R0). R0 is found to be 9.9695 for Montreal and 5.5234 for Winnipeg. It is surprising to nd that a decrease in infectivity of infected individuals in the region increases the nal epidemic size. The number of asymptomatic cases in Montreal and Winnipeg were found to be approximately 19,000 and 60,000, respectively. We surmise that the low reporting and high number


In this study mainly focused on non-small cell lung cancer KRAS (Kristen rat sarcoma virus) gene is bind to EGFR (epidermal growth factor) that produce chemical signal that will involve for cell differentiations and cell growth in normal cell function of lungs. In this signals controlled by protein tyrosine kinase it is only mediator for controlling the KRAS signals. KRAS is a membrane-bound guanosine triphosphate (GTP)/guanosinediphosphate (GDP)-binding (G) protein that serves as a "molecular switch," converting signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus. These chemical signals lead to protein synthesis and regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in NSCLC (non small cell lung cancer). KRAS mutation occur that will causes uncontrolled signals produces these KRAS gene protein tyrosine kinase unable to control these signals that lead to uncontrolled cell growth, protein synthesis and proliferation and differentiation of cells. So drug will bind to KRAS gene prevent the signals and inhibit the action of KRAS in cell differentiation, cell growth. This paper deals to design a drug 6-[(ethyl amino) oxy]4-[(3-ethynyl-5-methylphenyl) amino]-5, 6-dihydroquinazoline-7-carboxylic acid that inhibit the action of KRAS mutated gene signals that causes inhibition of cell growth, differentiation in NSCLC.


The paper introduces a kinetic theory based particle pair model for magnetorheological fluid characterization. Fluid constitutive equations are derived from an analysis of the motion of a pair of particles subject to hydrodynamic and magnetic field forces. The effect of neighboring particles from the same chain on the magnetic force is included. The model can predict fluid behavior when particles separate or remain in contact during flow. For yield stress predictions, the case when particles separate is considered. Predictions for the yield stress are compared with experimental data and with other theoretical models. Predictions from the proposed model are in good agreement with experimental data.


1 Primates, Apes, and the Study of Chimpanzee Social Behavior 1 2 Seven Long-Term Field Studies 15 3 Chimpanzee Fission–Fusion Social Organization and Its Conservation Implications 27 4 Sex Differences in Ranging and Association Patterns 33 5 Female Social Relationships 40 6 Male Social Relationships 48 7 Sexual Behavior: Conflicting Strategies of Males and Females 57 8 Coalitionary Lethal Aggression between and within Communities 65 9 Hunting, Eating, and Sharing Meat 80 10 Communication: The Form and Content of Signals 101


(Received: 13 October 2017; accepted: 14 November 2017) Tonko Faldić University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, Master Student Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Helder David Craveiro ISISE University of Coimbra, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Invited Assistant Professor Aldina Santiago ISISE University of Coimbra, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Assistant Professor Neno Torić University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, Assistant Professor


Understanding salient environmental determinants of pediatric sleep is essential for informing interventions and public health initiatives. Emerging evidence suggests the neighborhood environment can impact pediatric sleep. We are conducting a systematic review of studies examining associations of neighborhood physical and social environments with sleep among children and adolescents.

 We searched 6 databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PsychInfo) using search terms related to sleep, neighborhood environment, and pediatric populations to identify English-language articles with an abstract. We identified and screened 2,581 abstracts. Inclusion criteria included 1) assessing associations of ≥1 neighborhood-level factor with ≥1 sleep outcome and 2) including participants ≤18 years. We excluded review articles, protocols, qualitative and non-human studies. In total, 134 full-text articles were independently reviewed by 2 reviewers each to confirm eligibility. One reviewer abstracted preliminary data from included studies. Next steps include independent data abstraction by two reviewers using a standardized form, synthesis of results, and assessment of study quality according to the study design, sleep assessment method, sampling strategy, and control for confounding.

 Sixty-one articles met inclusion criteria. Fourteen articles included children aged 0-5 years, 38 included children aged 6-12 years, and 36 included adolescents aged 13-18 years (25 included multiple age groups). Twenty-two studies (36%) used objective sleep assessment methods (e.g. actigraphy). Seven studies (11%) examined sleep apnea/snoring. The most common neighborhood-level factors were safety/crime/community violence (n=28) and socioeconomic status (n=25), with fewer studies examining other exposures like noise (n=7) and social cohesion (n=4). Results on key associations and study quality are forthcoming.

 A growing body of epidemiological data has emerged in recent years to provide insight into how the neighborhood environment can impact pediatric sleep. Preliminary results suggest few studies have examined associations of the built environment with sleep, with most studies focusing on school-aged children and adolescents.

 This work was supported by: the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia's Possibilities Project (SLM); Sleep Research Society Foundation and K23HD094905 (AAW); NIH/NHLBI K01HL123612 (JAM)


The present thesis, Konsten att lagga pussel. Deckaren och besvarjandet av ondskan i folkhemmet, constitutes a literary and cultural-historical investigation of the Swedish 'whodunit' from 1945 to 1965, a period when the genre flourished in Sweden. The central questions that the thesis attempts to answer are: How does the Swedish whodunit emerge and develop in a dialogue with its time during the period, usually referred to as the Cold War, and how was a new narrative of good and evil formulated within the framework of this genre?

The first chapter contains two main components: a presentation of the whodunit genre and its emergence in 1950s Sweden, and a discussion of the whodunit as a literary formula. Chapter 2 deals with Stieg Trenter's novel Ristat i sten from 1952 and primarily discussesthe attitude to women represented in the novel, as well as the function of male and female. Chapter 3 examines the theme of normal versus deviant sexuality in Maria Lang'sfirst novel, Mordaren ljuger inte ensam from 1949. Chapter 4 deals with H.-K. Ronblom'sdetective novel Senatorn kommer tillbaka from 1959. In this novel Ronblom raised the issues of the family, the small town in Sweden, relations between Sweden and the United States, and the relationship between the individual and the collective. Finally, chapter 5 discusses the results of the investigation, grouping them according to major themes: threatened and threatening youth; the woman's role; town and country; and the role of the detective as the protector of threatened progress.

The whodunit novels give us ongoing discussions and renegotiations of those social values, roles, and modes of behaviour which other media appear to advocate at the relevant point in time. By stressing good moral qualities like cooperation and family values, issues that were directly connected to the central Swedish metaphor of the time, folkhemmet, the whodunit keeps evil at bay.


One of the principal causes of eutrophication in Dianchi Lake is non point pollution from agricultural runoff,which contains the washed away fertilizer.It is an effective measure for implementing efficient and clean agriculture to use the microorganism bacterium fertilizer instead of the chemical fertilizer.


The passage, through the application of different analyzing methods of Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer (DMA), Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), Thermo-Mechanical Analyzer (TMA), indicates the glass transition temperature of molding compound, on the basis of which the effect of various factors such as testing methods, the chemical structure of the material, heating rate, frequency, as well as factors such as post-curing time on the molding compound is discussed. The results of the ex- periments show that the performance of the glass transition temperature depends not only on the structure and properties of epoxy resin, curing agent and additives of structure and properties, as well as the ratio between them, but also its shape depends on the curing process and testing methods.


The administrative reconsideration is the important part of the legal superrisory system of our country, and is one of the basic ways which offered the citizen the relief. The administrative reconsideration of our country was founded as a matching system of the administrative litigation in 1990.the administrative reconsideration law of the People's Republic of China which was brought into effect on October 1st, 1999 ulteriorly perfected the administrative reconsideration system of our country, and makes the administrative relative side legal rights be well protected and be relieved ; the function of the administration department be fully examined and supervised; the procedure applyingfor administrative reconsideration be simplified ;the unfavorable result of proposerr be aggrarated when he doesn't perform on the responsibity ;the level of the reconsidertion department be heightened ;the right for privy C to choose reconsideration department be ectended.


Objectives: The aim of this study is to increase knowledge about Dense Bone Island diagnosis and differential diagnosis as well as emphasize on radiographic characteristics of this lesion.
Case Report: A male 24 years came to the Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Installation, Faculty of Dentistry Dental Hospital Universitas Padjajaran  referred for radiographic examination from the Periodontics Department. The patient will be paired dental implants in the second premolar in the right mandible. Patients had no inflammation and pain. The patient then were take radiography examinations as indicated dental implant, that were periapical, panoramic and CBCT, then one of the radiographic examination was done, the panoramic which shows radiopaque, well-defined, rounded irregularly shaped lesion with a diameter of approximately 6 mm, which is located around apical first premolar teeth in the right mandible. Mandible first premolar is still vital.
Conclusion: Dense bone Island is an increased bone density that occurs in the maxilla or mandible especially around the root of a tooth, and is often asymptomatic. Cases that occur in these patients have no clinical complaints either before or after the installation of dental implant.


As was the case in some of the other woes, the meaning of the seventh woe in Matthew is cIouded by what seems to be tortuous logic. The parallel woe in Matthew and Luke 11:47 contains a reproach for the building of the tombs of the prophets. There was indeed a "tomb renaissance" which was apparently a phenomenon imported from Hellenistic culture and perhaps initiated by the great builder, Herod, himself. It is unlikely that the scribes or the Pharisees would have endorsed superstitions about the expiatory significance of tombs. This chapter attempts to understand the intention of Matthew in the concIuding verses of chap. 23. Many studies have been done on the traditionsgeschichtliche problems in these last verses; however, the chapter focuses upon the text as it stands, which reflects a number of redactional changes by Matthew that offer cIues for interpreting Matthew's objectives.Keywords: Hellenistic culture; Luke; Matthew; Pharisees; tombs of prophets; woes


Two mirrors guiding light experience attractive or repulsive forces according to the eigenmode type of symmetry, but regardless of the specific details of the guiding structure. A transverse evanescent mode (TM or TE) that has an anti-symmetric transverse field causes repulsion, while attraction occurs when the mode has a symmetric transverse field. Transverse propagating modes, however, are always repulsive. One possible application for this phenomenon is to use a symmetric mode supported, for instance, by two properly designed Bragg mirrors. By varying the wavelength of the mode injected into the waveguide, it is possible to cross the light-line and switch between attraction and repulsion. If the mirror is free to move in the transverse direction, then this is a scheme for controlling its motion. Another possibility is to create a stable equilibrium with a superposition of transverse evanescent symmetric and anti-symmetric modes. For this purpose, a more appealing configuration than Bragg mirrors is a waveguide that consists of two dielectric slabs where the light is guided by total internal reflection. Each slab is trapped in a potential well resulting in optical binding by eigenmodes.


H. S., a male aged 8 years, was admitted to hospital on May i$th, 1933, with a history of a " running ear " for three years, pain in the ear as well as discharge for the past two weeks and, latterly, sickness and vomiting. On admission he had a temperature of 102 • 8° F. and a full pulse with a rate of 100. The face was flushed, the tongue was thickly coated and sweating was profuse. He lay quite comfortably, his only complaint at this stage being of frontal headache. There was no ocular disturbance and the pupillary and other reflexes were normal. Over the affected mastoid area and neighbouring parts was neither cedema, discoloration, tenderness on pressure, nor glandular enlargement. Thick foul-smelling discharge filled the meatus and escaped through a large perforation in the posterior part of the membrane. Following evacuation of the bowels by an enema, the temperature rapidly fell to normal (though the pulse rate remained 100) and the patient declared that he felt well, while the general appearance was noticeably improved. The general condition remained improved till towards the end of twenty-four hours when there began generalised headache, occasional restlessness, a meningeal cry, and a moderate rise of temperature, and there now also appeared within a short time a distinct, painful swelling posterior to the mastoid process, a slight nuchal rigidity and contraction of the hamstring muscles. At lumbar puncture immediately preceding operation the fluid was clear and flowed under normal pressure. Chemical and cytological examination showed no departure from the normal. At operation much necrosed bone, abundant foul-smelling pus and a large pulsating peri-sinus abscess with lateral sinus thrombosis were found. On opening the sinus the sigmoid portion was empty, the thrombus occupying merely the upper and lower limits. There was no sign of breaking down of the thrombus. The dura


In this paper, we shall have a look at series of astronomical terms and their etymologies in a historical context, including etymologized and non-etymologized terminology in Yakut (Turkic), Written Mongolian, Dagur and Khalkha (Mongolic), Ewenki (Tungusic) and Yukaghir. It is noteworthy that most of these languages had only rudimentary astronomical terms (sun, moon, star, sky, some constellations) before the creation of a richer cosmology with terms borrowed from other languages or through creative compounding processes. Yakut, Ewenki and Yukaghir have mostly been the recipients of Mongolic forms, while Mongolic has borrowed from Turkic, and seemingly from the more advanced Sanskrit and Tibetan early societies. The paper is intended as a primer on these subjects, with some discussion and some new findings presented (including a few borrowings, and etymologies for some Yakut planet names).


A modeling method based on hybrid system technology for a class of networked control systems with network induced delay is presented. The stability of networked control systems is analyzed using the theory of hybrid systems. A stabilizing dynamic output feedback controller is designed to implement the stability of the closed-loop system to avoid the difficulty caused by constructing Lyapunov functions of time delay systems. The condition on which the sampling period and transmission delay become constant is extended to be a time variant condition with the system model generalized. The stability region is thus enlarged with satisfactory dynamic performance. Simulation results show the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method.


Abstract : The DETL (Digital Emulation Technology Laboratory) simulation hardware centers on the development, implementation, and use of the Parallel Function Processor (PFP). The PFP is a 64 processor digital computer for use in computationally intensive applications that can be partitioned into functional blocks. The processors are grouped in two 32 processor clusters running from one common host. Each 32 processor cluster is connected by a crossbar switch. All inter-processor communication takes place over the crossbar(s). Simultaneous transfers may take place independently and switch patterns may be changed every cycle. In order to program the machine correctly, all inter-processor communication and data transfer lengths must be known beforehand. The PFP has been designed to accommodate 'hardware in the loop' simulations running in real time. Actual hardware components may first be simulated on one or more processors and later replaced with actual hardware interfaced to specified crossbar ports. The inputs and outputs to/from the device will appear identical to those it would see in an actual system. (kr)


This paper expounds the research and practice on teaching reform in view of innovative applied talent training for engineering specialty of local colleges, personnel training specifications and general requirements, teaching content and curriculum system, modes of talent training and teaching as well as specific operation measures. Keywords—Innovative applied talent; Local colleges; Engineering specialty; Teaching reform


Coyotes (Canis latrans) are often removed from an area because of their predatory nature, regardless of the effect such removal may have on the ecosystem. Research results concerning ecosystem changes due to coyote removal appear ambiguous; however, differing lengths of coyote control can produce different results. Short-term coyote removal efforts (5 6 months) typically have not resulted in increases in the prey base; however, long-term, intensive coyote removal reportedly has altered to alter species composition within the ecosystem. A dichotomy of views exists concerning the role of coyotes in ecosystems. Ranchers, wildlife biologists, env~ronmentalists, and urbanites have different views concerning the same animal Historically, livestock managers have been the group most concerned with coyotes because of their depredation However, with the advent of game ranching, lost wildlife revenues result~ng from coyote predation have increased the competition between human interests and coyotes (Scrivner et al. 1985). Coyotes have been linked to the decline of white-tailed deer (Odocorleus virginranlrs) (Cook et al. 197 1, Harnlin and Schweitzer 1 979, Hamlin et al. 1984), mule deer (0 . Irenrionus) (Truett 1979), and prongholm (Airtilocapra artzerrcana) (Neff et al. 1985) through predation on fawns. Coyotes were responsible for 86% of annual white-tailed deer fawn mortality in Oklahoma (Gainer et al. 1978). Although rarely observed, coyotes have been reported to prey upon adult deer (Hamlin and Schweitzer 1979, Tlvett 1979). To resolve the problem of predation on domestic livestock and wildlife, various coyote control programs have been htiated; however, most techniques have resulted in limited success (Connolly 1978). To further enhance the problem of disparate views, coyote control is not a widely accepted practice by the populace at present. A growing concern for anunal welfare has caused the American public to re-assess its attitude toward coyote control All lethal methods, and most nonlethal methods, of coyote control receive little acceptance from the general public (Arthur 198 1) Vaious animal activist groups have questioned the accuracy of the number of livestock reported lost to predators and contend that ranchers exaggerate their losses to justify the need for predator control (Baker 1985). Defenders of Wildl~fe (1978) contended that not all coyotes prey on livestock, and that mass eradication is like "randomly killing large numbers of people when a murder IS committed in the hopes of killing the murderer " Animal Damage Control (ADC) personnel argue that coyote eradication is not their intended goal and that they only kill about 18-29% of the coyote populat~on in 13 cooperating western states (U S. F ~ s h and W~ldlife Service 1978) Connolly and Longhurst (1 975) examined the effect of control on coyote populations using a simulation model and dete~mined that a minimum annual removal of 75% of the breeding population was needed to consistently lower the coyote density. Wayne Pacelle, national director of The Fund for An~mals, has used this information as an argument against ADC, stating that because ADC only removes 18-29% of the coyote population, the entire coyote removal program 1s not only doomed to fail, but is also a waste of tax dollars. Defenders of W~ld l~fe (1 978) estimated that the average cost of killing coyote is approximately $1,000. Consequently, in their view, it would be less of an economic burden on the taxpayers to pay ranchers for livestock killed by coyotes. C e ~ t a ~ n a imal activist groups argue that the coyote IS a valuable p a t of the ecosystem and should not be persecuted by man (Defenders of Wildlife 1978, Humane Society 1978, S~en-a Club 1978). Such groups contend that even ~f coyote control programs were successfhl, it would increase overgrazing and ultimately decrease livestock productivity (Defenders of Wildlife 1982). Their reasoning is that reduced coyote populations allow rodent and rabbit populations to increase, which in turn, will increase competition with livestock for available forage, decrease livestock productivity, and promote rangeland degradation. Ranchers have countered this argument by stating that coyote control has no effect on ecosystems. Coyotes are resilient; they respond to control efforts with gl-eater litter sizes (Knowlton 1972). Therefore, coyote removal could never reach eradication levels which would affect the ecosystem Failure of ranchers to accept coyote predation as a natural process within a healthy ecosystem, and failure of environmentalists to realize that coyote predation can be an economic burden to some ranchers has polanzed these 2 groups (O'Gara 1982). This dichotomy is detrimental to solving the issue of coyote control because efforts of each group are directed at countering the other group's opinion, rather than at a cooperative effort to solve this environmental pi-oblem Few studies have been designed to investigate the effects of coyote removal on the remaining ecosystem It is the objective of this paper to give a review of the literature concerning coyote-prey interactions and attempt to explain why I-esults from these studies appear ambiguous.


The title compound, C18H10N2O, is built up from two planar groups (naphthoxy and phthalonitrile), with a dihedral angle of 66.14 (4)° between them. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C—H⋯N and C—H⋯π hydrogen-bond interactions.


. . . Introduction. Techniques and Bquipment. . . . Nature of the Surfaces Examined Definitions of Terms. Descriptions of Types of Optical Figures. Type I. Type II. Type III. Type IV.. Efiects Due to Test Plates. "Dispersion" and Color Phenomena. Relations to Luster and Degree of Opacity. Effects Due to Rotation of the Polarizer . . . .. Efiects Due to Polishing. Conclusions. Appendix. Table 1. Figures Yielded by Natural Surfaces. 'Iable 2. Figures Yielded by Polished Surfaces.


A new attitude updating algorithm is designed which considers the high-order terms of the rotation vector. A novel rotation vector calculating structure is proposed, in which the second-order coning correction is calculated using a down-summing structure at a fast updating rate, while the third-order and the fourth-order coning corrections are calculated at a slower rate than the second-order coning calculation. Simulations based on the simulated data and real experiment data are carried out to evaluate the performance of the new algorithm and the traditional algorithm. The results of the simulated large amplitude pure coning environment show that the attitude error of the traditional algorithm is extremely large expecially when there is non-integer-period cone motion occur for the platform. However, the proposed algorithm can overcome this large error. Twenty minutes' simulation by post-processing the real experiment data shows that, the accuracy of the proposed algorithm has no advantage over the traditional algorithm in the small amplitude pure angular vibration environment and pure large angular rate maneuvering environment. But, in large amplitude pure angular vibration environment and large angular rate maneuvering with angular rate vibration coexisting environment, the proposed algorithm perform better adaptability and has higher accuracy. Especially when the platform is in severe angular vibration and large angular rate coexisting environment, the advantage of the high-order algorithm is more distinct.


I consider the mechanism design problem of a seller who is uninformed about demand, while potential buyers are well-informed. The seller knows that (1) values are private, (2) buyers' beliefs are consistent with a common prior, and (3) the support of values is bounded relative to the expected efficient surplus. The seller's goal is to maximize the minimum ratio between expected revenue and the expected efficient surplus, which I term the extraction ratio. I characterize simple mechanisms that maximize the minimum extraction ratio. In these mechanisms, the seller runs a second-price auction and simultaneously surveys the beliefs of buyers about others' values. Losing bidders' responses to the survey are used to set the reserve price for the winner. Such mechanisms guarantee the seller a substantial share of the efficient surplus, with the share parametrized by the bound on the highest value. If values can be up to ten times the expected efficient surplus, the seller is guaranteed a 20% revenue-share; up to 1,000 times, and the seller is guaranteed 10%.


Wavelet decomposition of the image is recommended for the pyramidal approach due to its inherent multi-resolution character.The advantage of this decomposition is that signal trends at different scales are isolated and studied because wavelet theory is the decom-position of signals into components at differentscales or resolutions.Phase correlation method isa kind of registration method in frequency domain,and it is based on the well-known Fourierproperty.Multi-resolution wavelet analysis theory and phase correlation are introduced,and novel phase correlation image registration approach based on wavelet coefficients is presented.Firstly,wavelet decomposition of the images are performed.Secondly,low frequency wavelet coefficients are obtained.Finally,phase correlation is performed using wavelet coefficients.Experimental results show that satisfactory effect is obtained by applying the method.


Adventitious plants regenerated from mature hypocotyls of Armeniaca vulgaris var. ansu have been obtained,with the rate of shoots regenerated being 37.8% when cultured on the half NH 4NO 3 of MS medium supplemented with TDZ 2.0 mg/L+NAA 0.5 mg/L for 15 d in dark and then exposed to light.TDZ was better than 6 BA in plant regeneration.The rooting rate was 75.8% when the buds cultured on half NH + 4 of MS+IBA 0.2 mg/L.


A new era in the evolution of wireless cellular operators has begun with the emergence of fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks. When 5G WSNs are implemented for industrial use, security is the top priority. Standards Release 16 from the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) details the security features of 5G radio. Using the Cryptography method at neighbour base stations, gNodeBs (gNBs), we present a method for secure handoffs that is both safe and efficient. The legislation's safety is explicitly analysed to show that it can withstand a variety of harmful assaults. Through NS3 simulations, we examine how well the suggested strategy works in practice, taking into account both the time delays and the energy requirements. These findings validate our scheme's safety, effectiveness, and efficiency while demonstrating its suitability for use with equipment in fast motion, where power usage is a major concern.


The Kingdom of Nepal is one of the least developed and least known countries. In order to understand the sometimes non‐conventional estimating procedure used, a background section is included, describing the physical, socio‐economic and institutional framework. In the second part of the paper some illustrative examples of the approaches used are given, the full description being published in four volumes, National Accounts of Nepal, National Planning Commission, Kathmandu. The last part of the paper considers the usefulness of national accounts based upon the market economy, and in general, the problem of applicability of international concepts to a developing country. What is the significance of international concepts to a developing country? What is the significance of national value aggregates in a country in which the unit of national currency does not serve as a nation‐wide standard of value? Can a common denominator be found if the scale of values and the whole outlook of different groups are so different? What do people value, and does the rural population in localized economies put a monetary price on the value? Has the concept of labour force or employment, as used in industrial societies, any meaning in a society where all those capable, including small children, of contributing to daily survival do so? The conceptual problems have not yet been solved. National accounts are a useful first step in providing planners with symbols for telling a complex story in simple terms and as a kind of statistical reconnaissance, but as development planning is moving more and more in the direction of planning from below and into regional and rural development projects, household surveys are becoming essential planning and evaluation tools. Based upon twenty‐five years of field experience, the author reflects upon problems and possible solutions, discussing managerial, training, substantive and statistical aspects.


Objective To analyze the distribution of pathogens and its characteristics of drug susceptibility originating from nosocomial infections in the intensive care units(ICU) ,and to provide evidence for clinical anti-infection treatments. Methods The data of the pathogens and their chug susceptibility characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. Many kinds of samples were collected in ICU from May 2008 to October 2009. Results There were 605 postive strains and the highest postive rate in sputum. The Gram-postive bacteria strains were 122 ,including 98 strains of staphylococcus where postive β-lactamases were 93. The drug susceptibility rate of linezolid, vancomycin and rifampin was 100% ,98. 2% and 86. 7% ,respectively. However,the drug resistant rate of oxacillin was 98.9%. Totallly 393 strains of the Gram-negative bacteria have been found, where pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobactor baumannii,enterobacter cloacae, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and klebsiella spp were 133,106,24,20 and 19 strains, respectively. The drug susceptibility rate of imipenem, aztreonam, levofloxacin and amikacin was 61. 6%, 42.0%, 38.8 % and 36. 1%, respectively. But the drug resistant rate of the third and fourth generation cephalosporin was over 70%. 90 strains of fungi were also found. The most common fungi infection was candida. Conclusion The nosocomial infections in ICU occurs mainly in respiratory tract,most infections are caused by gram negative bacilli. Imipenem and aztreonam have greater susceptibility to treat them. Gram positive coccus still plays an important role in nosocomial infections in the ICU and they high level of resist beta-lactamase-producing drugs. But they are susceptive to linezolid,vancomycin and rifampin.

Key words:
Pathogen;  Antibiotics;  ICU


The present exploitation and sale condition of tourist commodities in multi-national area have developed unprosperously,therefore,seeking a positive and effective way in traveling has great significance in the further development and promotion of the sustainable development of tourist commodities.This article makes an analysis and discuss in details.


Objective
To prepare Integrin αvβ3/CCR2 dual targeted microbubble, test physical-chemical properties, enhancement effect and targeting ability in vitro.

Methods
The dual targeted microbubbles (MBdual-target) with FITC labled iRGD and PE labled CCR2 were prapared, and non-target microbubbles as control (MBcontrol) were prapered. Physical and chemical properties of two groups of microbubbles were tested, connectivity of peptides/antibodies and microbubbles were detected by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry instrument.Enhancement effect and the stability of two groups of microbubbles was observed and compared in vitro. The affinity of MBdual-target and MBcontrol for bEnd.3 cells was investigated with light and fluorescent microscope.

Results
①The particle size of MBdual-target was (0.93±0.23)μm, with no statistically significant difference compared with MBcontrol (P>0.05). ②MBcontrol showed no fluorescent, while MBdual-target showed both clear green and red light, under fluorescent microscope. ③There was no significant difference of gray scale of enhancement between MBdual-target and MBcontrol in vitro. ④ It was showed that MBdual-target adhered to bEnd.3 cells in vitro experiment.

Conclusions
Integrin αvβ3 /CCR2 dual targeted targeted microbubbles was successfully prepared and proved having good enhancement effect and targeting ability in vitro.

Key words:
Microbubbles; Moleculat targeted therapy; Integrin αvβ3; iRGD; Dual-targeted


"This paper examines welfare provision in Russian serf society, using archival evidence for the Sheremetyev family's Voshchazhnikovo estate in Yaroslavl province (central Russia). According to the conventional view, Russian peasant society was marked by a relatively egalitarian distribution of wealth, with arable land held communally and distributed among households in accordance with their labour capabilities and consumption needs. In this system, only households that suffered temporary setbacks – such as loss of a draught animal or labourer – are thought to have required assistance, and in these instances, the peasant commune is supposed to have made provision. In the first part of the paper it will be argued that this was not the case – at least not in rural Yaroslavl. First, Russian peasant society was actually highly stratified. Second, feudal dues and taxes were usually attached to communal land – taxes and dues for which peasants were held collectively responsible. As a result, land was allocated only to those who could afford to pay, leaving the poorer members of society without access to communal resources. Finally, petitions for relief indicate that the commune was generally reluctant to provide assistance to the poor; most petitions – even those for temporary relief – were denied. The second part of the paper examines the institutional implications of the absence of a formal poor relief system, in particular the implications for the structure of the rural labour market and for the peasant household economy. It is often assumed, for instance, that large extended-family households were a cultural feature of Slavic society. But in the absence of any institutionalised form of poor relief, it seems likely that Russian peasants were forced to rely more on kin for assistance than were people in early modern England and other parts of northwest Europe. Peasants described as poor in Yaroslavl province often worked for other peasants as servants or labourers (service was a 'lifetime' phenomenon in central Russia, rather than a 'lifecycle' phenomenon, as in, for instance, England, France or Germany). Finally, it will be suggested that the absence of institutionalised welfare provision might offer at least a partial explanation for the prevalence of a 'non-European' household formation system in Russia during this period."


Background: Jaundice is a yellow discoloration of the skin and sclera resulted from an increased level of bilirubin in the blood. Neonatal morbidity from neonatal jaundice has a huge impact and burden on family and health resources. The majority of cases are resolved with no intervention while some need some assessment and intervention either follow-up or management. Inadequate awareness and understanding of this common neonatal problem by the family can play a role in delays and complications. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess mothers' perception toward neonatal jaundice in Jazan region in Saudi Arabia. Subjects and Methods: Cross-sectional study that was performed through online survey and completed by mothers during the period from July to August 2018. Results: There were 60.4% of mothers had poor knowledge, whereas 39.6% had good knowledge, the most common source of knowledge was physicians (83.8%). Several factors affected the level of mother's knowledge, including age (P = 0.01), education level (P = 0.001), parity (P = 0.002), or history of their infants developed neonatal jaundice (P = 0.009). Conclusion: Mothers who participated in the study showed inadequate and misconception knowledge toward neonatal jaundice, which must be considered to reduce the consequences of this common condition. We advocate for improved maternal knowledge during antenatal follow-up and well-baby clinic visits.


ABSTRACT This study investigated the differential effect of economic recession and recovery on restaurant failures by location, type of cuisine, restaurant density, level of service and number of health code violations. Secondary data were used from a major metropolitan city in the US from 2007–2013. Economic recession and recovery were found to affect the rate of restaurant failure significantly and differently by location, restaurant density, type of cuisine, risk level, and number of citations of health code violations. Some cuisine types survived well during the recession whereas others were more vulnerable to the economic downturn. Some types of cuisine were prone to failure in both recession and recovery at higher rates than other types of cuisine, whereas others lagged only during recovery. While some types of cuisine were more likely to survive better in dense markets, no evident relationship was found between location and failure of cuisine type. There is a clear pattern of restaurant failures by Postal ZIP Code. There was a strong effect of number of health code violations on business failures.


Quadratic programming is a fundamental problem in the field of convex optimization. Many practical tasks can be formulated as quadratic programming, for example, the support vector machine (SVM). Linear SVM is one of the most popular tools over the last three decades in machine learning before deep learning method dominating. In general, a quadratic program has input size $\Theta(n^2)$ (where $n$ is the number of variables), thus takes $\Omega(n^2)$ time to solve. Nevertheless, quadratic programs coming from SVMs has input size $O(n)$, allowing the possibility of designing nearly-linear time algorithms. Two important classes of SVMs are programs admitting low-rank kernel factorizations and low-treewidth programs. Low-treewidth convex optimization has gained increasing interest in the past few years (e.g.~linear programming [Dong, Lee and Ye 2021] and semidefinite programming [Gu and Song 2022]). Therefore, an important open question is whether there exist nearly-linear time algorithms for quadratic programs with these nice structures. In this work, we provide the first nearly-linear time algorithm for solving quadratic programming with low-rank factorization or low-treewidth, and a small number of linear constraints. Our results imply nearly-linear time algorithms for low-treewidth or low-rank SVMs.


Personalisation in academic library systems. - I: Background and issues It was about seven years ago when the so-called 'personalisation' of digital services was introduced in the academic library world. Few will be quick to state that this development became an overwhelming success. The opposite, in fact. R.L. Hunsucker explains in this article why things went the way they went and why, in principle, nobody should have expected the chosen approach to ever really succeed.


In this paper we consider evolution inclusions driven by a time dep en- dent subdierential operator and a set-valued perturbation term. First we show that the problem with a convex-valued, h -u.s.c. orientor field (i.e. perturbation term) has a nonempty solution set which is an R -set in C(T,H), in particular then compact and acyclic. For the non convex problem (i.e. the orientor field is non con vex-valued), without assuming that the functional '(t,x) of the subdier- ential is of compact type, we show that for every initial datum 2 dom'(0,·) the solution set S() is nonempty and we also produce a continuous selector for the m ultifunctions ! S(). Some examples of distributed parameter systems are also included. In a recent paper (cf. (21)) we established the nonemptiness and path-connected- ness of the solution set of an evolution inclusion driven by a time-dependent sub- dierential @'(t,x) and a nonconvex-valued, h-Lipschitz in x multivalued pertur- bation term F (t,x). In this paper first we consider time-dependent subdierential evolution inclu- sions with a conv ex valued perturbation term F (t,x) satisfying a more general continuity hypothesis in the x-variable. For such evolution inclusions we show that the solution set is R in C(T,H), in particular then nonempty, compact and connected. Then we return to the nonconvex problem with an h-Lipsc hitz in x perturbation term F (t,x). Without assuming '(t,·) is of compact type (which in the time inv ariant case means that @'(·) generates a compact semigroup of contractions), we establish the nonemptiness of the solution set S() and in addi- tion we generate a continuous selector for the multifunction 7! S(). Finally we present some examples of parabolic distributed parameter systems illustrating the applicability of our results.


This article focuses on the figure of St. Vincent Ferrer (1350-1419) as a preacher who starts from an ambitious project of conversion of society. As well as other contemporary preachers, such as Giordano da Pisa or Bernardino da Siena, St. Vincent Ferrer disseminates the word of God among the people and shows having assimilated the techniques of artes praedicandi, as well as the reading of the Holy Fathers of the Church, hagiographic literature and theological sums. However, despite sharing the same context of creation of the sermon, the word in the Valencian Cominican is at the service of instilling fear among the faithful, before te belief of the Last Judgment and the coming of the satanic figure of the Antichrist. In the sermons, St. Vincent insists that the society of the moment is in full decrepitude, given over the vices and not to virtues. It will be necessary, then, a word with a high power of persuasion, effective, based on the certainty of the beyond, of the figure of a justing Father who writes down in the book of life those chosen for eternal salvation, who are those who show followers the example of the life of Christ. Orginigality in St. Vincent Ferrer is based, then, on the peculiar way of instilling the fear of late medieval society, as an indispensable element for the conversion of the spirit and, as a consequence, for the salvation of the soul.


To evaluate the rate of change in serum lipids and the factors associated with their variations, stratifying for pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) categories.


The invention relates to a woven bag molding machine, particularly to a woven bag quick-acting full-automatic joint cutter to finish the last two steps of cutting and sewing the bottom of the woven bag. The invention is characterized in that: based on the original structure, a plurality of cutting knives on the same plane are mounted on the workbench of the cutting mechanism; the distance between two cutting knives is the same as the length of the woven bag; one or two side faces of the workbench of the cutting mechanism are provided with a plurality of sewing place horizontal moving manipulators which are connected with a bag delivering device; correspondingly sewing place workbench is provided with a plurality of sewers to form a combined linkage acting structure. The invention is efficient with a production speed of 60 to 80 pieces per minute, over one time faster than the original structure, and only work man is needed. The invention can save land and reduce cost with the same efficiency, remarkably improving economic effects.


Microspheres are an important material group with increased uses in mechanical, civil and environmental engineering. The microspheres with polyurethane as the wall material and dimethyl silicone oil as the core material were successfully prepared by interfacial polymerization method, which was incorporated into epoxy resin to enhance the damping properties. The new material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. Results show that the microspheres had good sphericity and smooth surface. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis showed that the incorporation of microspheres can elevate the damping performance of the epoxy resin.


We analyzed a range-wide allozyme variation in 66 populations from three subspecies of Pinus contorta Dougl.: 20 in P. contorta spp. contorta, 35 in P. contorta spp. lat$olia and 11 in P, contorta spp. murrayarza. Our objectives were (i) to assess geographic variation in effective population size (N) and rare alleles (10.05) and (ii) to characterize the extent and patterns of gene flow among populations in each subspecies. There was substantial variation in the estimate of total allele numbers and N among subspecies and among populations within subspecies. The number of private alleles (occurred only in one population) in each population ranged between 0 and 4, averaging 0.6,0.7 and 1.0 for subspecies latifolia, contorta and murrayana, respectively. The number of rare alleles shared with other populations [a(s)] and per-locus average heterozygosity ( h ) also varied considerably across populations. Linear correlation estimates of N and a(s) with latitude of populations were significant in subspecies latifolia and rnurrayana, not in spp. contorta. In contrast, h correlated significantly with latitude only in spp, contorta. The number of migrants exchanged between populations was > 1 in each subspecies, large enough to obscure the among-population genetic differentiation from theoretical expectation. Significant pattern of "isolation by distance" was evident only in ssp. contorta. Biogeographical analysis suggested the existence of a 'centre of diversity' for spp. latifolia in north-central British Columbia.


The emergence of high T/sub c/ superconducting (HTS) wires with large critical current densities allows the design and construction of many applications, for example, rotating electrical machines. Nevertheless, the current "state of the art" of Bi "powder in tube" wires, the most advanced HTS conductor, is not adequate for an ac operation. We thus propose a fully superconducting synchronous machine with an NbTi stationary 4 K armature and a rotating Bi-2223 field winding at 20 or 40 K. Thanks to the armature cryogenic environment, the cooling of the Bi coils is very simple. The conceptual design of a typical machine is suggested and several electromagnetic designs are presented. The first one deals with a Bi field winding adapted to an existing NbTi armature of a tenth of kYA. Afterwards, large torque motors are theoretically designed comparing the high (at 20 and 40 K) and low T/sub c/ field winding solutions. The results are comparable for NbTi and Bi at 20 K. But with a Bi field winding operating at 40 K, the performances are degraded. Otherwise, at 4 or 20 K fully superconducting motors show high performances in terms of weight, volume, and efficiency. Nevertheless, the Bi field windings require a large amount of material indicating that improvements in critical current density are needed.


Abstract This article describes the combined textbook and assessment method entitled 'Dysarthria – Verbal Apraxia and TEDYVA". Originally written in Dutch and subsequently translated into Indonesian, it is an integration of theoretical knowledge dealing with dysarthria syndromes and verbal apraxia, the assessment (through the aid of a specially developed assessment instrument) and the management of persons with dysarthria and verbal apraxia. Implications for use in different cultures are discussed.


The purposes of this study are; first, to supply useful suggestions for the market segmentation of the Chinese market according to individual psychological variables(self-congruence) of customers. Second, it figures out the relative importance of actual self-congruence and ideal self-congruence. Lastly, it reveals whether there are any differences in the preference of attributes according to the popular cultural involvement. According to the results, actual self-congruence had a positive influence on the contents factor evaluation while ideal self-congruence had positive effect on the human and cultural factors evaluation. Also, the human and cultural factor had a positive influence on the purchase intention, as well as content factor and cultural factor had the influence on the word-of-mouth. In addition, the group of highly interested in the involvement at the popular culture was significantly higher in the evaluation on the human and contents factor than the low group.


The objective of our project is to develop a cognitive explorer for histopathology which could be used routinely in an anatomy and cytology pathology service. We focus on breast cancer for the development of this explorer.


Preface 1. Disease and Taoist law 2. Demonology and epidemiology 3. The literature of spells 4. Ensigillation: a Buddho-Taoist technique of exorcism 5. The genealogy of possession 6. Tantrists, foxes and shamans.


In this paper the authors conceptualize and test the effects of service employees' customer orientation and service orientation behaviors within an extended service evaluation model encompassing service quality, service encounter quality, perceived value and customer satisfaction. The context is 271 Indian retail customers. Data analysis incorporates confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. We find that Findings indicate that: 1) customer orientation is positively related to service orientation, customers' perceptions of service encounter quality and service quality; 2) service orientation influences customers' perceptions of service encounter quality and service quality; 3) customers' perceptions of service encounter quality influence customers' perceptions of service quality and customer satisfaction; 4) customers' perceptions of service quality influence value perceptions; 5) service quality influences customer satisfaction; and 6) customer satisfaction influences customers' behavioral intentions. The importance of these findings for practitioners and academics, research limitations and future research avenues are subsequently discussed.


Resource managers are increasingly asked to work at the ecosystem level of organization and to use team approaches to address management problems. Here we describe a senior/graduate level course that helps students to understand the complexity of an ecosystem, and to begin working with a resource agency. We have collaborated with the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (National Park Service) to find research problems that will help them manage the Lake Powell ecosystem. The Park Service receives useful research from the program, and they have partially underwritten the considerable cost of teaching the course. Projects undertaken have included studying the significance of the pelagic food web for endangered fishes, and the importance of production processes in the extensive side canyons of the reservoir. At the beginning of the quarter, individual or pairs of students in the class choose subcomponents of the research question, then develop hypotheses by using the literature. The students, with the assistance of the instructors, write research proposals describing their hypotheses and methods for testing their hypotheses. Also included in the proposal is a section describing the student's role in the overall project. Usually the projects encompass topics ranging from physical limnology to fish ecology. The field work for the research is conducted on a 3-5 day field trip to Lake Powell where we work from a houseboat-laboratory and from axillary boats. For the remainder of the quarter, the students analyze the data as a class so that everyone learns the specific techniques. Students then process their data, integrate it with the data of others in the class, and prepare oral and written reports. The reports are edited, bound, and provided to resource agencies working at Lake Powell. Pedagogical benefits of the program for the students include: (1) students must integrate a project from conception through final report writing; (2) they must collaborate to be successful; and (3) diligence is encourages because the students realize that their work may actually be used by agency personnel and other scientists. 1 Gallo and Wurtsbaugh: Teaching aquatic ecology within ecosystem and management contexts Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 1998 222 Natural Resources and Environmental Issues Volume VII EXPERIENCE AND EXPERIMENTS IN INTEGRATING ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN AN UNDERGRADUATE CURRICULUM Clare Ginger1 and Deane Wang2 1 Assistant Professor, School of Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; email@example.com. 2 Associate, School of Natural Resources, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405; firstname.lastname@example.com. ABSTRACT: In 1986 the School of Natural Resources (SNR) embarked on a project to define and implement an undergraduate core curriculum that integrates natural and social science in the context of natural resource education. Currently this curriculum includes seven courses (21 credits) taken over five semesters beginning in the student's first semester and ending in their last year. At the outset, the students take two separate introductory courses, one introducing them to concepts in natural science and the other introducing them to natural resources from a social and cultural perspective. This paper describes the next phase of their curricular experience, a set of three courses taken concurrently. The overall goals of the courses are to introduce and integrate theories and approaches to analysis in ecology and social science as applied to environmental issues. This paper describes our use of the concept of integration in the context of natural resource education and three models for incorporating it into this portion of the SNR Core Curriculum. Our working definition of integration involves three levels: (1) process-logistics integration, (2) content integration, and (3) framework integration. The first is related to the process of establishing and delivering the courses including management of instructor, student, and teaching assistant roles across the disciplines. The second is related to bringing together ecological and social science knowledge to provide different views of a single natural resource case or issue. The third is related to recognizing and using conceptual frameworks shared across ecological and social science. In 1986 the School of Natural Resources (SNR) embarked on a project to define and implement an undergraduate core curriculum that integrates natural and social science in the context of natural resource education. Currently this curriculum includes seven courses (21 credits) taken over five semesters beginning in the student's first semester and ending in their last year. At the outset, the students take two separate introductory courses, one introducing them to concepts in natural science and the other introducing them to natural resources from a social and cultural perspective. This paper describes the next phase of their curricular experience, a set of three courses taken concurrently. The overall goals of the courses are to introduce and integrate theories and approaches to analysis in ecology and social science as applied to environmental issues. This paper describes our use of the concept of integration in the context of natural resource education and three models for incorporating it into this portion of the SNR Core Curriculum. Our working definition of integration involves three levels: (1) process-logistics integration, (2) content integration, and (3) framework integration. The first is related to the process of establishing and delivering the courses including management of instructor, student, and teaching assistant roles across the disciplines. The second is related to bringing together ecological and social science knowledge to provide different views of a single natural resource case or issue. The third is related to recognizing and using conceptual frameworks shared across ecological and social science. We used three different models to incorporate these levels of integration into the set of three courses. On one end of the spectrum, three instructors taught three distinct courses. One addressed ecology, a second one addressed social science, and a third linked the other two through the use of natural resource case studies. At the other end of the spectrum, two instructors (one ecology specialist, one public policy specialist) co-taught the courses. In this model, the classes were combined into a 7credit block, and we taught in a collaborative learning and teaching environment using case studies and student-directed projects. The third model is intermediate. It included two primary instructors and a secondary instructor. The two primary instructors each taught a distinct course (one in ecology, the other in social science) while working together with the secondary instructor to create the third component. This third component provided a complementary set of case studies, exercises, and papers which supported student learning in the ecology and social science courses while requiring students to bring together material from both. This paper discusses the three models and compares them based on the three levels of integration. The paper also assesses the implications of the course models relative to instructor and student effort and success in achieving content and framework integration. We conclude that no single approach is necessarily best, but rather, the three taken together represent a set of tradeoffs and different opportunities for instructor and student learning and effort. Development of this component of the SNR Core Curriculum continues to evolve. An important part of this evolution is a search for a working definition of integration appropriate to undergraduate natural resource education. In our view, it is important that this search continue to include interaction and debate among members of the entire SNR faculty. 2 Natural Resources and Environmental Issues, Vol. 7 [1998], Art. 49 http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/nrei/vol7/iss1/49


| This paper proposes modiications to the Kalman lter-based multiuser code-division multiple-access (CDMA) detector of 1] based on the normalised least mean square (NLMS) lter, the motivation being complexity reduction. The variable step size and information reuse concepts are investigated. The proposed detectors are compared with the conventional and Kalman lter detector in terms of complexity and simulated BER in both the synchronous and asynchronous environments. Of the modiied NLMS lter-based detectors investigated, the detector with backward information reuse stands out as a possible replacement of the Kalman lter detector in the asynchronous environment due to its signiicantly reduced complexity and only slightly inferior BER performance.


This research is based on the exploration of tectonic patterns on Titan from a global perspective. Several moons in the outer solar system display patterns of surface tectonic features that imply global stress fields driven or modified by global forces. Patterns such as these are seen in Europa's tidally induced fracture patterns, Enceladus's tiger stripes, and Ganymede's global expansion induced normal fault bands. Given its proximity to Saturn, as well as its eccentric orbit, tectonic features and global stresses may be present on Titan as well. Titan displays possible tectonic structures, such as mountain chains along its equator (Radebaugh et al. 2007), as well as the unexplored dark linear streaks termed virgae by the IAU. Imaged by Cassini with the RADAR instrument, mountain chains near the equator are observed with a predominante east-west orientation (Liu et al. 2012, Mitri et al. 2010). Orientations such as these can be explained by modifications in the global tidal stress field induced by global contraction followed by rotational spin-up. Also, due to Titan's eccentric orbit, its current rotation rate may be in an equilibrium between tidal spin-up near periapsis and spin-down near apoapsis (Barnes and Fortney 2003). Additional stress from rotational spin-up provides an asymmetry to the stress field. This, combined with an isotropic stress from radial contraction, favors the formation of equatorial mountain chains in an east-west direction. The virgae, which have been imaged by Cassini with both the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) and Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) instruments, are located predominately near 30 degrees latitude in either hemisphere. Oriented with a pronounced elongation in the east-west direction, all observed virgae display similar characteristics: similar relative albedos as the surrounding terrain however darkened with an apparent neutral absorber, broken-linear or rounded sharp edges, and connected, angular elements with distinct, linear edges. Virgae imaged during northern latitude passes are oriented with their long dimensions toward Titan's antiSaturn point. If the virgae are of tectonic origin, for instance if the turn out to be i.e. grabens, they could serve as markers to Titan's global stress field. Using them in this way allows for a mapping of global tectonic patterns. These patterns will be tested for consistency against the various sources of global stress and orientations of mountain chains. By determining what drives Titan's tectonics globally, we will be able to place Titan within the context of the other outer planet icy satellites.


In recent years, agricultural and industrial activities have gradually increased with the increasing population worldwide. Many pollutants, such as organic substances, inorganic anions, toxic heavy metals, toxic gases etc., generated during these activities are released into the environment and cause significant pollution problems, especially in water. Therefore, environmentally friendly and costeffective treatment technologies are needed. The adsorption process used in waste water is one of the environmentally friendly purification technologies. Cellulosic materials obtained from various natural sources can be used as adsorbents. The adsorption capacity of organic pollutants and heavy metal ions in wastewater is affected by chemical processes, and it is known that modified cellulose exhibits higher adsorption capacity than unmodified cellulose. In this review, the adsorption capacities of various nanocellulose-based adsorbents, especially in the removal of dyes in wastewater, and the FTIR and SEM analyzes used in the characterization of the structures of these adsorbents after modifications were examined. Nanocellulose-based adsorbents appear to exhibit good potential in removing dyes in the waste water. It is thought that cheap and more effective cellulose-based adsorbents can be developed with modifications to minimize environmental pollution.


Summary In dilute buffers ⋟ pH 5·8, chymosin hydrolysed bovine αs1-casein to αs1-I, αs1-II and αs1-III/αs1-IV in a sequential manner while at pH 4·6 αs1-casein was hydrolysed to αs1-I which was then hydrolysed to αs1-V. In the presence of 5 % (w/v) NaCl at pH 5·2, αs1-casein was hydrolysed to αs1-I which was then hydrolysed to αs1-VII and αs1-VIII. αs1-I, αs1-II and αs1-III/αs1-IV were isolated by chromatography on cellulose phosphate followed by preparative slab-gel electrophoresis; αs1-V was isolated by repeated preparative slab-gel electrophoresis and αs1-VII by gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 followed by preparative slab-gel electrophoresis. The mol. wts of the peptides, estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, were 21000, 17600, 15600, 19900 and 14600 for αs1-I, αs1-II, αs1-III/αs1-IV and αs1-V and αs1-VII respectively. Characterization of the peptides by amino acid, phosphorus and terminal residue analysis showed that they probably consisted of segments of the αs1-casein chain as follows: αs1-I: residues 24/25–199; αs1-II: residues 24/25–169; αs1-III/αs1-IV: residues 24/25–149–150; αs1-V: residues 29/33–199; αs1-VII: residues 56–179. Peptide bonds close to phosphate residues on the αs1-casein chain were not hydrolysed by chymosin at high pH values (⋟ 5·8) when the phosphate groups were charged, but became available for hydrolysis when the reaction pH was reduced. Proteolytic specificity was also modified by NaCl.


The study was conducted in Khowai district of Tripura, a landlocked state of NE India to ascertain farmers' perception of backyard rabbitry and also delineates the constraints as perceived by them in large scale adoption of rabbit rearing. The study reveals that the farmers' perception on requirement of labour is 55 per cent with less practice of cross breeding (90 %), less care of pregnant animal (82.4 %), less care of young animal (72 %) and market system is not optimum (81 %). Non - availability of pure breed strain, high cost of concentrate feed and lack of proper market are the main constraints faced by the farmers for large scale adoption of rabbit farming in Khowai district of the state.


The invention provides a method and a device for determining a dew point of low-humidity gas by using a chilled-mirror principle. During a rapid refrigeration process, the mirror reflected/scattered light energy change which is higher than a set value is used as a dew point predetermination basis; a controller is used to adjust a refrigeration voltage so as to allow the mirror temperature to be rapidly close to the temperature; when the adjusting amplitude of the temperature is less than a set value, the reflected/scattered light energy reaches the set value, and the changing amount approaches zero, the mirror temperature at this time is the dew point of the detected gas. The invention solves the problems of long time consumption, auxiliary humidification device requirement, and incapability of completing determination for existing methods and devices which determine the dew point of low-humidity gas by using a dew elimination process after complete condensation, and has the characteristics of no limitation by factors such as determination environment conditions or humidity of gas to be detected, no requirement for auxiliary humidification devices, and a simple structure.


Construction of a 40 T hybrid magnet system is in progress at the High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The present design concept includes an 11 T superconducting magnet with a room temperature bore of 580 mm, a 29 T resistive magnet with a clear bore of 32 mm, and a 26 T resistive magnet with a clear bore of 50 mm. The total maximum field on axis in the 32 mm bore is 40 T, and in the 50 mm bore it is 37 T. The 11 T superconducting magnet will use a cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC). The high field magnet is made from Nb3Sn superconductor, and the low field magnet is made from NbTi superconductor. This paper describes the design concept of the cable-in-conduit conductor and the mechanical analysis of the jacket.


Through extensive collaboration, Alabama Institute for Deaf and Blind (AIDB) is Alabama's first educational entity to initiate a biodiesel public education, student training and production program, Project Green. With state and national replication potential, Project Green benefits local businesses and city infrastructures within a 120-mile radius; provides alternative education to Alabama school systems and to schools for the deaf and blind in Appalachian States; trains students with sensory and/or multiple disabilities in the acquisition and production of biodiesel; and educates the external public on alternative fuels benefits.


From 2001 to 2008, with the support of the International Project on Innovative Nuclear Reactors and Fuel Cycles (INPRO), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) developed a methodology for assessing the sustainability of nuclear energy systems (NESs). The INPRO methodology covers seven issues that influence NES sustainability: safety, competitiveness, proliferation, waste, environmental stressors, resources and infrastructure. The INPRO methodology has been applied to NESs based on large reactors and sodium-cooled fast reactors several times, but not to small and medium-sized modular reactors (SMRs). Some initial attempts to evaluate SMRs have failed to fully consider designrelated criteria, mainly due to lack of input data. For a summary of these initial efforts, refer to IAEATECDOC-1636 [1]. SMRs, even with the same technology as large pressurized light water reactors, can provide significant benefits in terms of system sustainability, e.g., simplified infrastructure requirements, and smaller source terms if they are likely to be inadvertently released into the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the updated INPRO methodology for SMR designs. Application of the INPRO methodology is normally organized as a self-assessment exercise performed in a country developing a strategic plan for introduction / expansion / modification of the NES. In the present study, a newly launched task regarding application of INPRO methodology to SMART, especially in the area of reactor safety, will be briefly explained.


Using 72 short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) with well determined spectral data observed by BATSE, we determine their redshift and luminosity by applying the Ep–Lp correlation for SGRBs found by Tsutsui et al. For 53 SGRBs with an observed flux brighter than 4 × 10−6 erg cm−2 s−1, the cumulative redshift distribution up to z = 1 agrees well with that of 22 Swift SGRBs. This suggests that the redshift determination by the Ep–Lp correlation for SGRBs works well. The minimum event rate at z = 0 is estimated as , so that the minimum beaming angle is 0.°6–7.°8 assuming a merging rate of 10−7– 4 × 10−6 events Mpc−3 yr−1 suggested from the binary pulsar data. Interestingly, this angle is consistent with that for SGRB 130603B of ∼4°–8°. On the other hand, if we assume a beaming angle of ∼6° suggested from four SGRBs with the observed beaming angle value, then the minimum event rate including off-axis SGRBs is estimated as . If SGRBs are induced by the coalescence of binary neutron stars (NSs) and/or black holes (BHs), then this event rate leads to a minimum gravitational-wave detection rate of for an NS–NS (NS–BH) binary, respectively, by a worldwide network with KAGRA, advanced-LIGO, advanced-VIRGO, and GEO.


Drought is one of the major environmental constraints for the agriculture crop worldwide and overcome of yield penalty under drought situations, is the major goal for agriculturist in future. To achieve this goal, screenings of landraces is one of the most important genetic resources for crops improvement especially in dry areas. The present study was carried out during 2015-2016, in order to evaluate drought tolerance in eight fenugreek genotypes, under both control and drought conditions, various parameters were recorded at flowering and pod formation stage. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Physiological and biochemical parameters viz., plant height,relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content, carotenoids content, membrane stability index (MSI) and proline content were used to assess drought tolerance in fenugreek genotypes. Ranking of genotypes based on SY at both flowering and pod formation stage showed that Rmt-1 and Rmt-305 variety has the highest SY among the tested genotypes under control and drought condition. Among the observed parameters all parameters had positive correlations with SY except proline content and recommended for screening of susceptible and tolerant fenugreek genotypes for drought stress.


This Environmental Protection Implementation Plan is intended to ensure that the environmental program objectives of Department of Energy Order 5400.1 are achieved at SNL/California. The Environmental Protection Implementation Plan serves as an aid to management and staff to implement new environmental programs in a timely manner.


It is not the Earths resource capacity which imposes limits on population; the rate and manner in which the resources are consumed is important. The industrialized nations have the smallest populations and the highest consumption of natural resources. No population control program for developing countries will solve the problem as long as the heavy consumers of the natural resources do not reevaluate their needs and demands.


The reliability of software is crucial to the functioning of today's world, which heavily depends on computer systems. Given the ever increasing complexity of software, bugs are subtle and thus hard to find with manual inspection. A more promising approach is to use a formal method such as model checking, which employs exhaustive state-space search to ensure the correctness of the software. However, existing tools typically feature two flaws: either they have insufficient capacity to handle large programs or they report many false positives. A successful approach to push the boundaries of model checking is predicate abstraction (-refinement). With this method, an abstraction of a program in a high-level programming language is constructed using predicates and represented as a Boolean program. It is analyzed by a dedicated checker to determine if an error state is reachable. Boolean program verification remains, despite the reduced state space, the bottleneck within the automated abstraction-refinement loop. This thesis introduces techniques for efficient reachability analysis of sequential and concurrent Boolean programs. We improve on known summarization algorithms for sequential Boolean programs and propose over-approximations of procedure calls. For non-recursive concurrent Boolean programs with bounded thread creation, we first introduce a transformation to a representation based on thread-state counters, which exploits the symmetry inherent in replicated programs. In a second step, we combine this representation with a method to locate thread creating cycles in order to allow an unbounded number of threads. The algorithms are implemented in BOOM, a model checking platform for Boolean programs. It is the first tool which implements a summarizing reachability engine that entirely relies on a satisfiability solver for (quantified) Boolean formulæ. The concurrent variant of BOOM is implemented using binary decision diagrams and includes partial order reduction methods. BOOM has been used in combination with the SATABS software model checker to verify safety properties of Linux device drivers. BOOM is, to the best of our knowledge, the first efficient model checker for non-recursive concurrent Boolean programs.


There are various methods to evaluate the performance of file systems through the replay of file system traces. Despite this diversity, little attention was given on comparing the alternatives, thus bringing some skepticism about the results attained using these methods. In this paper, to fill this understanding gap, we analyze two popular trace replay methods through the lens of metrology. This case study indicates that the evaluated methods provide similar, good precision but are biased in some scenarios. Our results identified limitations in the implementation of the replay tool as well as flaws in the established practices to experiment with trace replayers as the root causes of the measurement bias. After improving the implementation of the trace replayer and discarding inappropriate experimental practices, we were able to reduce the bias, leading to lower measurement uncertainty. Finally, our case study also shows that, in some cases, collecting only the file system activity is not enough to accurately replay the traces; in these cases, collecting resource consumption information, such as the amount of allocated memory, can improve the quality of trace replay methods.


The purpose of this research is to replace thrusters (space components) used in space with spherical ultrasonic motors (SUSMs). If developing multiple thrusters with SUSMs, we will be able to save weight and as a result, downsize an artificial satellite. We successfully conducted a durability test of the SUSM under atmospheric pressure at high temperature in the prior research [1, 2]. In this research, we conduct a durability test of the SUSM at low temperature, and additionally, an experiment of temperature cycle repeating high temperature and low temperature. We conducted the durability experiment at –80°C in the low temperature environment, and achieved the accumulated driving hours more than 60 minutes as keeping the SUSM performance.


This article confirms the difficulties of economic and social integration for immigrants, offering qualitative data to add to the existing body of quantitative research. New Canadians need official government assistance to compensate for their lack of social capital, and educational policies and practices must also take into account the need for newcomers to develop social capital. Data from semistructured ethnographic interviews with eight adult education students in three ESL classes in Montreal indicate that these newcomers are using ethnic group contacts to negotiate access to settlement services in schools and communities. Newcomers who face social exclusion and are unable to meet their needs through official channels could benefit from government programs that create bridging social capital between immigrants and Canadian-born citizens. Education, both for new immigrants and the Canadian-born, has an important role to play in the process of making Canadian education systems and society at large more inclusive of newcomers.


Perhaps the biggest challenge facing the training movement today is the current assumption that society would function better if only there was a wider understanding of how it works. This understanding needs to be acquired at one level by employees and at another level by the general public. In our March issue we have already highlighted the pioneering efforts of SB Modules Ltd with their sound‐tape training pack designed to communicate the simple facts about how the money moves in a business. There seems to be developing a general conviction that more information has to flow about the performance of employing organisations. This means not only their current efficiency in producing wealth and profit but also their ability to provide security for employees, and a good service for customers while following a sound policy of environmental responsibility. The growing awareness of this need to be better informed is to be noted not only in the UK but in all countries in one form or another.


Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common congenital anomaly affecting close to 1% of all children. It is often associated with other ureteral anomalies, including ureteral duplication, ectopia, ureteroceles, and paraureteral (Hutch) diverticula.


A 21-year-old man presented with a solitary 14 10 cm sized slightly elevated firm plaque with partial hair loss on the right parietal scalp, which he had had since birth. Histopathologic examination revealed typical findings of congenital intradermal nevus. As a preoperative procedure a 300cc capacity crescentic expander was placed under the uninvolved scalp. Inflation and expansion of uninvolved left parietal scalp with saline over a 10-week period allowed excision of a 14 10 cm sized area of medium-sized congenital intradermal nevus. No hematoma or infection of the expanded skin occurred. We, herein, report an unusual case of diffuse congenital, nonpigmented, intradermal nevus with partial alopecia on the scalp, which was successfully treated with complete excision used by tissue expander. (Korean J Dermatol 2004;42(5):650-653)


Summary Hemoglobin solution is a promising plasma substitute from a rheological viewpoint. Its addition to blood at a constant hematocrit causes minimum elevation in viscosity but a significant increase in oxygen-carrying capacity. Therefore the administration of hemoglobin may maintain the oxygen-carrying capacity while diluting the red cell concentration, thus facilitating blood flow in the microcirculation and improve tissue metabolism.


PURPOSE: An advertisement offering system and method is provided to make a real time transmission of advertisement contents to a mobile terminal according to a current position of a user so that it can enhance an advertisement effect. CONSTITUTION: The method comprises several steps. A user selects a position based advertisement service menu and a position server periodically receives the position signals of the terminal. The position of the terminal can be checked within 5-20 seconds if the terminal is turned on, but it can be checked within one second if the user is talking over the terminal(S30). The system analyzes a user inclination by referring to an age, a sex or a job stored at a user management database(S31), checks the member data and advertisement service position data offered by a plurality of advertisement databases(S32), and determines whether there exists proper advertisement to be transmitted to the terminal(S33). In a case that there exists advertisement contents appropriate for the user, the system transmits the advertisement from the advertisement databases to an application server, then transmitting the advertisement to a WAP gateway by executing a push program, enabling the WAP gateway to convert the advertisement into a wireless markup language, and enabling an SMS center to make a real time transmission of the advertisement contents to the terminal(S34,S35).


Identify novel bacterial taxa that could increase the availability of branched‐chain amino acids and the amount of distinctive volatiles during skim milk fermentation.


Based on general considerations rather than model-dependent fits to specific scenarios, we argue that an increase with energy of the positron fraction in cosmic rays, suggested by several experiments at E > or approx. 7 GeV, most likely requires a primary source of electron-positron pairs. We discuss the possible alternatives, and find none of them plausible on astrophysical or particle physics grounds. Further observational ways to test different scenarios are discussed.


Soil salt content is a key factor that determines soil chemical quality together with soil reaction, charge properties and nutrient reserves (Lal et al., 1999). An adequate salt supply is essential for an optimum development of photosynthetic mechanism and other biochemical processes in plants (Sitte et al., 1994). Soil salt content constitutes an environmental problem when salt accumulation generates drastic changes in soil physical and chemical properties, adversely affecting soil productivity and plant growth (Richards, 1954; Qadir et al., 2000).


Double-shelled Mn 2 O 3 hollow spheres have been successfully prepared on a large scale by using core-shell-structured MnCO 3 microspheres as sacrificial templates. This new method is based on an inward oxidation/etching treatment and sequential heat treatment in air. The as-prepared double-shelled Mn 2 O 3 hollow spheres consist of small nanoparticles with a size of ca. 50 nm, and there are many nanopores among the particles. As the double-shelled Mn 2 0 3 hollow spheres were employed in water treatment, they could remove about 86 % of phenol without any other additives.


Studies have shown that using high fluences of Low Intensity Laser Irradiation (HF-LILI) produce apoptotic effects on normal and neoplastic cells. This study aimed to determine whether HF-LILI induce cell death in lung CSCs. Lung CSCs were isolated using the stem cell marker CD 133, characterized using flow cytometry, and applied in experiments which included treatment with LILI at wavelengths of 636, 825 and 1060 nm with fluences ranging from 5 J/cm2 to 40 J/cm2. Viability and proliferation studies, using Alamar blue assay and adenosine triphosphate luminescence (ATP), indicated an increase when treating lung CSCs with low fluences of 5 - 20 J/cm2 and a decrease in viability and proliferation as well as an increase in apoptosis when applying a fluence of 40 J/cm2 indicated by flow cytometry using Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) dyes. Results indicate that LILI, when treating lung CSCs, can induce either a bio-stimulatory or bio-inhibitory effect depending on the wavelength and fluence used. This study indicated successful apoptotic induction of lung CSCs. Future experiments should be able to conclude the exact mechanism behind HF-LILI, which can be used in the targeted treatments of CSC elimination, implementing HF-LILI in the same manner as PDT in the absence of a photosensitizer.


To identify the precursors for impending strong earthquakes is critical for earthquake forecasting.This paper presents the temporal and spatial distributions and variations of Outgoing Longwave Radiation(hereafter briefly as OLR) near the epicenter before the recently four catastrophic earthquakes including 12 May 2008 Wenchuan M8.0 earthquake,12th January 2010 Port-au-PrinccM7.3 earthquake,27th February 2010 Chile M8.8 earthquake and 14th April 2010Yushu M7.1 earthquake.OLR data were acquired from NOAA-18,and we used the daily OLR vorticity value as the index to diagnose the possible precursors before earthquakes,in which,we define the OLR vorticity value as following: VCD,,D,) =[OLR(D,,D;)X4-OLR(D,-i iD^-OLRiD^,D,)-OLR(D,,D,-,)-()LR(D,,D]+])]/4 In which:VCD,,D,)is the daily OLR vorticity value in some grid,OLRCD;,D,) is the daily OLR average value in the same grid,i,j is the grid position.The vorticity value can reflect the gradient changes at each grid related to the neighboring grids,improving the identification of the anomalies.The results indicated that significant differences of OLR data 1~2 days before earthquake existed near the epicenters of the studied four strong earthquakes.Therefore, it is proposed that analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution and variations of outgoing long-wave radiation data could be an effective measure for earthquake forecasting.


Presentation of an industrial application of neural networks to process identification that confirms the potential of this technology. The multivariable process has 7 dependent variables, 11 independent variables and is believed to contain significant nonlinearities. The input-output data required for modeling were collected over 10 days.


With the methods of mathematical statistics and geo-statistics, we analysized the spatial variability of soil micronutrients such as B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in irrigated desert soil of Wuwei, Gansu province. The results showed that 99.17% of the samples was short of available Zn and 93.33% of them lacked of available Fe. The CVs from mathemtical statistics were between 13.32% (available Mn) and 42.54% (available B). The spheric model and exponential model were the optimal models that showed the spatial variability of micronutrients. The nuggets, ranges and the ratios of C_0 and C_0+C of all tested micronutrient contents were between 0.001 and 0.429, 192m and 477m, and 0.126% and 26.459% (available B), respectively. The fractal dimensions that revealed the soil micronutrients' spatial variability varied from 1.804 to 1.947 and the fractal dimension of available B content was the lowest. There were relationships among CVs, the ratioes of C_0 and (C_0+C) and fractal dimensions. Using the maps of the soil trace elements with Kriging to show the effects of human's action on the trace elements' spatial variability, the results showed that there were strong effects of human's action on the spatial variability of available B. The spatial distributions of the contents of Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe were decided by the soil material and the topography in Wuwei irrigated desert soil.


It introduces the forming of the foundation sinking reason of G208 highway,makes an analysis of the reasons of road foundation sinking,puts forward the keys in the processing of road foundation sinking and illustrates detailed processing plan to road foundation sinking,so as to solve the sinking of G208 highway and prolong the life of highways.


Primary ciliary dyskinesia is an important cause of recurrent respiratory infections and bronchiectasis, characterized by defective or absent function of the mobile cilia and flagella. The authors presents a case of recurrent sinusals and respiratory infections in a 39 years old male patient with infertility. Sodium and chlorine dosages in sweat, serologies and dosage of antibodies moved away differential diagnosis. Semen analysis found severe oligospermy and dysmotility. The clinical findings and laboratory tests suggests Primary ciliary dyskinesia. The investigation and diagnostic confirmation will contribute to the prognosis and life quality.


(handwritten on back of image): The two chapels in the South transept of Holy Cross Abbey, Thurles, showing the interesting structure, perhaps meant as a tomb, which supports the stone valuted roofs of the chapels. Note the combination of styles. This part of the church (from the windows, etc.) is late 14th century; the "pillars" are 15th/16th century? (Image donated to the Edwin Rae Collection by Dr. I.M. Jessiman)


The phase transition of the S=1 quasi-one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet Ni(C5H14N2)2N3(PF6) in an applied magnetic field (H) is studied from the measurement of the heat capacity (Cp). There is no anomaly in Cp below H=4 T (H parallel to the chain) or H=6 T (H perpendicular to the chain). A sharp anomaly in Cp is observed above H=4 T (H parallel to the chain) or H=6 T (H perpendicular to the chain) indicating the occurrence of long-range ordering. The H dependence of the critical temperature is studied and a temperature versus magnetic field phase diagram is constructed.


Leading researchers, such as Elster or Hirschman, have put forward the notion of deliberation. They argue of the major importance of deliberation in understanding democracy. However, economic theory doesn't have much to say on deliberation. We argue that this weakness is inherent with the way of conceiving public decision making in economics. In a second part, we review the small literature existing on deliberation in economics


Background: GH3 β-N-acetylglucosaminidases atypically employ a His-Asp dyad as a catalytic acid base. Results: Enzymes from this GH3 subfamily are phosphorylases rather than hydrolases. Conclusion: Replacement of the Glu acid/base by His avoids Coulombic repulsion with phosphate. Significance: These are the first anomeric stereochemistry-retaining β-glycoside phosphorylases to be found. CAZy glycoside hydrolase family GH3 consists primarily of stereochemistry-retaining β-glucosidases but also contains a subfamily of β-N-acetylglucosaminidases. Enzymes from this subfamily were recently shown to use a histidine residue within a His-Asp dyad contained in a signature sequence as their catalytic acid/base residue. Reasons for their use of His rather than the Glu or Asp found in other glycosidases were not apparent. Through studies on a representative member, the Nag3 β-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Cellulomonas fimi, we now show that these enzymes act preferentially as glycoside phosphorylases. Their need to accommodate an anionic nucleophile within the enzyme active site explains why histidine is used as an acid/base catalyst in place of the anionic glutamate seen in other GH3 family members. Kinetic and mechanistic studies reveal that these enzymes also employ a double-displacement mechanism involving a covalent glycosyl-enzyme intermediate, which was directly detected by mass spectrometry. Phosphate has no effect on the rates of formation of the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate, but it accelerates turnover of the N-acetylglucosaminyl-enzyme intermediate ∼3-fold, while accelerating turnover of the glucosyl-enzyme intermediate several hundredfold. These represent the first reported examples of retaining β-glycoside phosphorylases, and the first instance of free β-GlcNAc-1-phosphate in a biological context.


26 To assess the association between birth weight and maternal blood lead (BPb) levels, 27 386 pregnant women and their newborn offspring were surveyed. Mean ± SD (range) 28 maternal BPb concentrations were 0.98 ± 0.55 (0.10–3.99), 0.92 ± 0.63 [<0.09 (limit of 29 quantification) 3.96], and 0.99 ± 0.66 (<0.09–3.96) μg/dl at 12, 25 and 36 weeks' gestation, 30 respectively. Mean ± SD (range) gestational age at delivery was 38.9 ± 1.3 (35–41) weeks. In 31 male newborns, a significant correlation between birth weight and logBPb at 12 weeks' 32 gestation was observed (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient = 0.145, p < 0.05). Multiple 33 regression analysis indicated that birth weight was significantly inversely associated with 34 logBPb at 12 weeks' gestation, controlling for possible confounding variables. These results 35 suggest that low-level exposure to lead in early gestation could be a risk factor for reduced 36 birth weight in male offspring. 37 38