Early blight (EB), caused by the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani, is one of the most common and destructive diseases in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). The use of fungicides is a prominent tactic used to control EB; however, their undesirable effects on the environment and human health, as well as involvement in the development of resistant strains, have driven researchers to search for new alternatives. Plant defense elicitors are exogenous defense-triggering molecules that induce a plant's defense system associated with extensive transcriptional- and metabolic reprogramming of the genome and do not cause direct toxicity to phytopathogens. Moreover, 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) was an early-identified and strong plant defense elicitor to various phytopathogens. Recently, the combination of chitosan oligomers and pectin-derived oligogalacturonides that can mimic the induction of plants by a pathogen or damaged-derived molecules (PAMP and DAMP) were characterized as defense elicitors, named FytoSol. In this study, the preventive roles of these two defense elicitors—FytoSol and INA—against EB disease and its molecular basis, were explored. According to the results, FytoSol significantly reduced disease severity by an average of 30% for almost one month with an AUDPC value of 399 compared to the control, which had an AUDPC value of 546. On the contrary, INA did not provide any protection against EB. Gene expression analyses of these two distinct plant defense elicitors indicated that the expression patterns of several SA-, JA-, or ET-pathway-related genes (Pti4, TPK1b, Pto kinase, TomloxD, PRB1-2, SABP2, WRKY33b, WRKY70, PR-5, and PR3) were induced by defense elicitors differently. FytoSol extensively upregulated gene expressions of PR3, downregulated the SA-related defense pathway, and provided remarkable protection against the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani. On the contrary, INA mostly induced genes related to biotrophic and/or hemibiotrophic pathogen protection. Our results indicate that FytoSol is a promising plant defense elicitor against EB and the modes of action of the elicitors are important to characterize their effects against pathogens. Further research may extend the use of defense elicitors as alternatives to pesticides in agriculture.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of motor vehicle tax compliance. In his research, the authors studied "The Influence of Tax Socialization, Knowledge of Tax Regulations and Service Quality on Motor Vehicle Taxpayer Compliance in the Banyuasin Region" who make vehicle tax payments. the object used in this study is the Banyuasin Samsat tax service office. it is known that the number of vehicle taxpayers is 3,164 samples in this study using the non-probability sampling method with 100 respondents from motor vehicle taxpayers at the Banyuasin Samsat Service Office in 2023. The data used is primary data through a questionnaire containing respondents' answers using the Likert method. Data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis. Meanwhile, based on the F test, it can be concluded that tax socialization has a negative effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance, while knowledge of tax regulations has a positive effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance, as well as service quality has a positive effect on motor vehicle taxpayer compliance. This shows that the independent variables together are able to explain the dependent variable.


Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and variance analysis methods were used to analyze patients satisfaction questionnaires of Pudong community health service center in 2012.And found that patients satisfaction in urban area was higher than suburbs and suburban areas,and the lowest satisfaction was on the medical treatment spent.This suggestion that the community health center should attracting talent,improve safety and effectiveness of medical services,and reduce the financial burden of patients.


. We give a description of the completion of the manifold of all smooth Riemannian metrics on a fixed smooth, closed, finite-dimensional, orientable manifold with respect to a natural metric called the L 2 metric. The primary motivation for studying this problem comes from Te-ichm¨uller theory, where similar considerations lead to a completion of the well-known Weil-Petersson metric. We give an application of the main theorem to the completions of Teichm¨uller space with respect to a class of metrics that generalize the Weil-Petersson metric.


The utility model provides an anti-theft device for a bottle, which comprises a bottle mouth cover and a retractable annular body connected with the bottle mouth cover, a lockset is arranged on the retractable position of the anti-theft device, the annular body is also provided with elastic barbs, and the elastic barbs are distributed along the periphery of the bottle mouth cover. The anti-theft device has simple structure, convenient operation and realizes the mounting and dismounting of the anti-theft device on the bottle through closing or opening the annular body; besides, the fixation structure is flexibly contacted with the bottle and has great fixation fit allowance with the bottle, the anti-theft device still can be firstly fixed with the bottle body after frequently and repeatedly disassembly and assembly, and the anti-theft device cannot damage the bottle body.


The Earth's core is melting…and freezing according to new research from the University of Leeds, UC San Diego and the Indian Institute of Technology.


The 3He isotope finds applications in many areas of science and industry, the most important of which are cryogenics, where 3He allows for achieving millikelvins in dilution refrigerators, and public security with 3He detectors of radioactive materials at airports and important buildings. 3He is also used in medicine for lung tomography. One of the most extraordinary future applications is the use of 3He in fusion reactors for clean energy. 3He is currently very expensive, with prices reaching USD 2750 for 1 liter of gas in normal conditions; thus, more effort is put into finding economically viable methods to acquire this isotope. The article shows research results of acquiring the 3He isotope from liquid helium by a quantum separation method with the use of entropy filters based on new carbon nanomaterials: purified multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and purified multiwall carbon nanotubes decorated with ZrO2 nanoparticles. MWCNTs were bundled and applied in the form of pressed tablets with fixed sizes. The research was conducted at the low-temperature region, where helium exhibits its quantum properties by undergoing a phase transition to the superfluid phase at the lambda temperature: Tλ= 2.18 K. Entropy filters work below this temperature.


In this paper we find the optimal regularity for viscosity solutions of the pseudo infinity Laplacian. We prove that the solutions are locally Lipschitz and show an example that proves that this result is optimal. We also show existence and uniqueness for the Dirichlet problem.


20 © 2016. This manuscript version is made available under the Elsevier user license http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ 2 Agricultural soils are a major source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and an understanding 21 of factors regulating such emissions across contrasting soil types is critical for improved 22 estimation through modelling and mitigation of N2O. In this study we investigated the role of 23 soil texture and its interaction with plants in regulating the N2O fluxes in agricultural 24 systems. A measurement system that combined weighing lysimeters with automated 25 chambers was used to directly compare continuously measured surface N2O fluxes, leaching 26 losses of water and nitrogen and evapotranspiration in three contrasting soils types of the 27 Riverine Plain, NSW, Australia. The soils comprised a deep sand, a loam and a clay loam 28 with and without the presence of wheat plants. All soils were under the same fertilizer 29 management and irrigation was applied according to plant water requirements. In fallow 30 soils, texture significantly affected N2O emissions in the order clay loam > loam > sand. 31 However, when planted, the difference in N2O emissions among the three soils types became 32 less pronounced. Nitrous oxide emissions were 6.2 and 2.4 times higher from fallow clay 33 loam and loam cores, respectively, compared with cores planted with wheat. This is 34 considered to be due to plant uptake of water and nitrogen which resulted in reduced amounts 35 of soil water and available nitrogen, and therefore less favourable soil conditions for 36 denitrification. The effect of plants on N2O emissions was not apparent in the coarse textured 37 sandy soil probably because of aerobic soil conditions, likely caused by low water holding 38 capacity and rapid drainage irrespective of plant presence resulting in reduced denitrification 39 activity. More than 90% of N2O emissions were derived from denitrification in the fine40 textured clay loam determined for a two week period using K 15 NO3 fertilizer. The 41 proportion of N2O that was not derived from K 15 NO3 was higher in the coarse-textured sand 42 and loam, which may have been derived from soil N through nitrification or denitrification of 43 mineralized N. Water filled pore space was a poorer predictor of N2O emissions compared 44 with volumetric water content because of variable bulk density among soil types. The data 45


This paper presents the contributions of Drs. Barbieri, Speroff, Walker, and McPherson to the debate on the safety of third-generation oral contraceptives (OCs). In the overview by Barbieri, the issues of how to assess the quality of the evidence and developing a meaningful framework for integrating an analysis of the benefits and risks of a contraceptive hormone are discussed. He also reflects on the leadership role the endocrinologist must assume in better defining the pharmaco-endocrinology of gestodene and desogestrel. Speroff concludes that modern low-dose OCs are very safe. It was noted that the use of OCs yields an overall improvement in individual health, and from a public health point of view the collection of effects associated with OCs leads to a decrease in the cost of health care. In contrast, Walker argues that low-estrogen OCs containing desogestrel and gestodene carry a modestly elevated risk of venous thromboembolism in comparison to other low-estrogen OCs in widespread use. This statement is supported by McPherson, who emphasizes that the risk associated with OCs is real and should be avoided.


Porphyrins and their metal derivatives are strong DNA binders with association constants of around 106 M-1. Some of these compounds have been used for radiation sensitization therapy of cancer and are targeted to interact with cellular DNA. Chlorophyllin (CHLN), a food-grade derivative of chlorophyll (CHL), the ubiquitous green plant pigment widely consumed by humans, is a potent inhibitor of experimental carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of calf-thymus DNA with chlorophyllin in aqueous solution at physiological pH, with CHLN/DNA(phosphate) molar ratios (r) of 1/80, 1/40, 1/20, 1/10 1/4, and 1/2. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy was used to determine the CHLN binding mode, binding constant, sequence selectivity, DNA secondary structure, and structural variations of the DNA−CHLN complexes in aqueous solution. Spectroscopic evidence showed that at low pigment concentration (r = 1/80), CHLN binds DNA via intercalative mode into the G−C and A−T-rich ...


Diverse genetic resources are vital for ample production for imminent challenges. The current study was aimed to find pattern of genetic diversity among 50 cotton genotypes and selection of diverse genotypes for upcoming cotton breeding programs. Data was recorded for fourteen quantitative attributes. All attributes exhibited tinny difference phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and respective genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), suggesting that environment had less effect on all the recorded attributes. High expected genetic advance coupled with higher heritability (broad sense) were recorded for plant height, number of bolls per plant, weight per boll and plant yield, indicating the existence of additive gene action hence selection on phenotypic basis might be productive. Correlation studies revealed positive and significant association for most of the attributes. Plant height, number of monopodia and sympodia/plant, and number of bolls/plant contributed well towards considerable principal components (PCs) and were highly related to plant yield (seed cotton yield per plant). The projection of cotton genotypes on 1st and 2nd PC exhibited population structure. Best diverse genotypes were IUB-222, SB-149, CIM-612, CIM-598, CIM-506, RS-1 and VS-1. The outcomes for this experiment are helpful for planning forthcoming cotton breeding programs particularly in Pakistan.


Mutation of {\tau}-tilting modules is a basic operation to construct a new support {\tau}-tilting module from a given one by replacing a direct summand. The aim of this paper is to give a positive answer to the question posed in [AIR, Question 2.31] about mutation of {\tau}-tilting modules.


T he competition among " effortless networking " technologies advanced by major manufacturers , if not resolved, could lead to interoperability difficulties. Effortless technology is designed to connect devices with embedded communications capabilities, such as servers and routers, to appliances, such as phones and VCRs. The three competing initiatives are Microsoft's Universal Plug and Play (UPnP); Jini/HAVi (Home AudioVisual interoperability), developed by an alliance of Sun Microsystems, Royal Philips Electronics, and Sony; and Lucent's InfernoSpaces. All three technologies are designed to allow devices and appliances to communicate with each other with minimal setup , theoretically expanding the market for networks into the ranks of techno-phobes. UpnP. UPnP uses a multilayered architecture to enable any device running any operating system to communicate with other devices. At the bottom layer, UPnP uses an Automatic Private IP addressing layer, then a multicast Domain Naming System layer, and then a simple service-discovery protocol layer (which enables devices to ascertain each other's capabilities). The top layer, the usage layer, enables communication among those devices that understand the syntax of certain defined uses. Applications running on separate devices would be written to an API in any language for any operating system the devices support. They would communicate via the usage layer using one of the XML schemas being defined by the UPnP Forum (http://upnp.com). XML is being used to define the way data is represented so it can be understood by different devices. The forum hopes to publish a preliminary schema by the end of the year. Hewlett-Packard's Chai Plug and Play (CPnP) technology, was developed in conjunction with several embedded-device developers. CPnP will allow Java devices to find each other using UPnP. Some CPnP products are expected by the end of the year.ance uses Sun's Jini technology, which enables Java-based devices to communicate over any IP-based network. Jini is combined with HAVi, a specification for networking home devices like stereos, TVs, and VCRs. Using Jini, HAVi devices will discover one another over a network via an IEEE 1394 connection. IEEE 1394, also known as Firewire, is an external bus standard that supports data transfer rates up to 400 Mbps. It enables standard cable to connect devices via integrated ports. Jini/HAVi mandates that the IP network use the Java Virtual Machine on the client devices. Clients would then communicate by sending Java bytecode to each other. This will work if manufacturers all agree to use Java, …


The importance of the meat product subcomplex in the production of agricultural products is substantiated, which allowed to identify and assess the importance of meat products in domestic markets in the face of growing needs of the population. The need for state support for agricultural production, in particular the development of animal husbandry as a major factor in the existence of meat production. The annual balance of beef, pork, chicken and other animals over the past five years was analyzed, which showed a trend of declining beef and pork production, but increased chicken production. A similar trend is observed for meat consumption per capita – only the production of chicken meat has been growing steadily over the past five years. It is proposed to focus on the organization of such a production and technological chain, which would allow the most efficient use of raw materials, carry out deep processing, expand the range and improve the quality of manufactured products to ensure food security. Opportunities have been identified in the production of poultry meat, which is sold on the domestic market at prices higher than the world, to increase its competitiveness not by increasing state support, but by reducing the cost and improving the quality of meat products. The necessity of capital investment in the development of agricultural enterprises as a basis for the formation of effective activities for the production of meat products, taking into account the social significance for the population of the state.


Lead‐free ceramics with high recoverable energy density (Wrec) and energy storage efficiency (η) are attractive for advanced pulsed power capacitors to enable greater miniaturization and integration. In this work, a series of perovskite structured (1‐x)(Bi0.6Ba0.4)(Fe0.6Ti0.4)O3−xNd(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 (BF‐BT‐NZN) ceramics with high energy storage density through the solid‐state reaction method are successfully prepared, and the breakdown strength (Eb) and energy storage density are further improved by a membrane rolling process. The highest energy densities of the 0.94(BF‐BT)−0.06NZN ceramics are Wrec ≈ 5.6 J cm−3 and η ≈ 82.9%, which are due to the enhanced breakdown field intensity (BDS ≈ 400 kV cm−1) and the maximum polarization (Pmax≈ 38 µC cm−2). These results indicate that (1−x)(Bi0.6Ba0.4) (Fe0.6Ti0.4)O3−xNd(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 ceramics are high‐efficiency lead‐free materials for potential application in high‐energy‐storage capacitors.


It has been shown recently that the Helmholtz free energy difference between two equilibrium states can be determined based on an ensemble of finite-time measurements of the work performed in changing an external parameter. This idea is extended by regarding the work as a random variable much as in a process like Brownian motion. A model is described where the free energy is calculated based on a probability distribution declared to satisfy detailed balance.


The geology of Arches National Park, Dead Horse Point State Park and the "Island in the Sky" section of Canyonlands National Park is very similar. They occur in the Canyonlands section of the Colorado Plateau, in the vicinity of the confluence between the Green and Colorado Rivers. The same stratigraphic units outcrop in all three parks (figure 1) plus salt tectonic features can be found in both Arches and Canyonlands. While in the Moab region you will become familiar with some of the stratigraphic units we will see throughout the Colorado Plateau, observe salt tectonic features, arch formation and in the distance you can view the La Sal Mountains.


We study power transients in Raman fibre amplifiers (RFA). Transients are defined as the output signal power response to abrupt change in the number of signal channels at the input to the RFA (channel addition/removal). The simulations are based on application of a large signal numerical model which incorporates time variation effects, downstream propagation of multiple signals, upstream propagation of pump and both downstream and upstream propagation of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). System of coupled non‐linear differential equations describing the propagation of the signal, pump and ASE waves along the RFA and their evolution in time represents a two‐boundary value problem. Due to the backward propagating ASE and counter‐directional pumping, an iterative forward and backward solution of propagation equations must be used in order to achieve a steady‐state distribution of signals, pumps, and ASE powers along the RFA. We have used either the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta routine, or an alternative average power analysis (APA) approach to obtain the steady‐state optical power distribution along the fibre. Direct integration is used to obtain time evolution of optical powers as a response to channel addition/removal. Stability of the numerical solution depends on the relation of discretization steps in space and time. Gain locking of the RFA via electronic feedforward pump control derived from a monitoring channel output power has been introduced in the model to study the possibility of suppressing the surviving channel power fluctuations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBASs) broadcast a series of 250-bit messages that together contain a full set of differential correction and integrity information. Each message requires one second to send and contains only a small subset of the full set of required information. Different types of data have different update periods, ranging from six seconds for the satellite integrity information, to five minutes for the ionospheric corrections. A key component of an SBAS is deciding which message needs to be sent at any given second. Each message has an associated time-out period that is approximately two times the update period. It is possible to get into a situation where several messages will time out within a very short interval and it may not be possible to update all of them within the desired timeframe. Further, if there is a change in integrity status that requires an alert to be broadcast, these alert messages will preempt and delay the broadcast of otherwise intended messages. The Wide Area Augmentation System (W AAS) currently uses a dynamic message scheduler that actively determines which messages should go out over the next several seconds. As the corrections or confidence levels change, some messages may change in priority. This scheduler has been carefully tuned for the current number of GPS satellites and ionospheric grid points, but the algorithm is not adaptable should either value change appreciably. Further, with the advent of L5 messages that have their content organized very differently (and that have no ionospheric corrections) a new message scheduling algorithm is needed.


This study was carried out to obtain basic data on Korean traditional Meju collected from 18 regions (TM1~TM18) in Korea and to define and control quality. The shape of Meju was mostly rectangular and the weight was 0.84~2.04 kg. The physicochemical analysis showed: pH, 5.31~8.21; total acidity, 0.91~2.74%; moisture content, 4.79~42.16%; and soluble protein content, 41.37~23.48%. Hunter color values for L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) ranged from 39.07~67.92, 3.57~8.87, and 7.48~20.67, respectively. The amino nitrogen contents of all samples were in the range of 257.29 to 839.58 mg% and TM13 showed the highest content (839.58 mg%). Total viable cells, yeast and mold counts of Meju were 8.43~5.91 log CFU/g, 2.48~5.19 log CFU/g, and 3.42~7.48 log CFU/g, respectively. Based on the results, it is proposed that quality standards and management of Meju fermentation conditions and information about different varieties of soybeans used should be made available.


As fertility attitude changes and medical technology advances, the birth rate has dropped and the life expectancy of the elderly has increased, China is experiencing a period of "fewer children and younger age" like other developed countries. At the same time, most of the childbearing age group will participate in the labour market competition and face the problem of work-life balance. Therefore, based on the data of the research group "Population Fertility and Public Services", then established a regression model to explore the impact of "work-life balance" on the childbearing willingness of the childbearing age population, finally found that: the current situation of "work-life balance" is positively related to the fertility willingness, while in the expected difficulty of "work-life balance" (opportunity cost) dimension, the opportunity cost of reemployment and the opportunity cost of career development is negatively related to the fertility willingness. Therefore, in order to improve the fertility willingness of the population of childbearing age, the government should play a practical role in improving the market of child care and strengthening the role of the intergenerational upbringing of families, so as to reduce the parenting pressure of families, especially professional women, and improve the fertility willingness.


A transistorised lightning-flash counter has been devised to operate with a low-voltage battery and with a preset sensitivity. The frequency response and range are similar to those of the widely used Pierce-type counter, with a 5V/m threshold.


Coal resources are distributed unbalancedly in Qinghai Province and the resources reserves are relatively low in various provinces of China.Most resources are distributed in Jiangcang and Juhugeng coal mines;the model of resource development lags,and the mechanization level is low.At present,coal resources in Qinghai province can not meet the need of the national economy and society development;the gap between supply and demand is big.Power coal resources are insufficient,and anthracite is seriously short except coking coal.Investigation degree of coal resources is low,which cannot meet the need of development.Therefore,the investigation must be strengthened to provide the resources and develop economy.


Ofloxacin, ketoconazole and dexamethason in Botai ointment were simultaneously determined by HPLC, using YWGC18 column (4×250 mm) and diclofenac sodium as internal standard. The mobile phase was phosphoric acidtriethylamine buffermethanol 0.05 mol/L tetrabutyl ammonium bromide(6∶5∶1). The detective wavelength was 263 nm and the flow rate was 1 ml/min. The correlation coefficients were 0.9999,0.9999 and 0.9983 respectively. The relative standard deviation of withinday and betweenday were less than 5%.


In this paper, a compact gas-kinetic scheme (CGKS) for compressible flow is constructed on hybrid unstructured mesh. Based on high-order gas evolution model at cell interfaces both cell-averaged flow variables and their gradients can be updated in CGKS and used in a compact third-order multi-resolution WENO reconstruction. In the precious CGKS, the flow variables at a cell interface are assumed to be continuous in space in the update of cell-averaged slopes. In order to improve the robustness of the scheme in discontinuous region in three-dimensional space, a compression factor for the cell-averaged gradients is proposed to take into account the possible discontinuity at cell interfaces. The accuracy of the scheme doesn't deteriorate with the implementation of the compression factor. Numerical tests from incompressible to hypersonic flow are presented to validate the high-order CGKS and demonstrate the effectiveness of the gradient compression factor for three-dimensional flow simulation on unstructured mesh.


of Scientific Justification (will be made publicly available for accepted proposals): I propose photometric imaging of three globular clusters—M5, M10, and M12—using the KPNO 4-m CCD Mosaic Imager to continue the study of what is currently understood to be an unusual scarcity of RR Lyrae (RRL) variable stars' involvement in binary systems. Despite their importance to finding distances to clusters, very few RRLs are known to reside in binary systems. This approach searches for evidence of the light-travel time effect in "observed minus calculated" (O-C) diagrams. Analysis of RR Lyrae variables in the above clusters is expected to reveal an initial sample of binary candidates for further examination as part of an ongoing study. Summary of observing runs requested for this project Run Telescope Instrument No. Nights Moon Optimal months Accept. mos 1 KPNO 4-m Mosaic Imager 2 F Jun May-Jul


A new speech coding technique at low bit-rate is presented in this paper. The coder is based upon a novel speech production model, independently developed by the authors [1,2] and by Atal and Schroeder [3,4], called CELP (Codebook Excited Linear Prediction). Differences exist between the two approaches, both in the strategy chosen to construct codebooks, and in the method to generate the innovation sequence. In this scheme, we split the incoming speech signal into two frequency bands in order to gain the benefits of the piecewise LP (Linear Prediction) approximation. Then, each residual signal is coded in blocks of 5-ms duration through an adaptive vector quantizer incorporating a noise shaping filter. Our results show that good quality speech can be obtained at 8 kbit/s.


Environmental issues are externalities of economic development requires the handling of various instruments in order to be in harmony with the eco-nomic development environment. Payment for Envi-ronmental Services (PES) is now being developed globally as a market-based instrument that is prom-ising to address the issue of degradation of natural resources and the environment. PES mechanism has to be said that the concept is simple and flexible in a variety of conditions, so that the application was highly variable throughout the world. The main prob-lem lies in whether the Payment for Environmental Services (PES) that is now being developed globally as a market-based instruments are quite capable of dealing with poverty and degradation of natural re-sources and the environment. Refer to research find-ing shows that Tawang Polder has significant direct and indirect value for society. About 50% house-hold stated that they accept PES and 20% who re-ject the PES. Even PES is quiet potential in reducing poverty in these areas. Even in the society level such as huge support in Polder systems, social capital and local wisdom, the system management of polder should be designed appropriately and have to increase the level of participation in decision making. Another factor is also important is polder institution which has to be design clearly and transparent based on performance standart. The last factor is politic capital should be aware of democratization. Keywords : Environtmental Management, Poverty Reduction, Polder System


The aim of my Bachelor's thesis is to analyze the present communication strategy of the Lower Vitkovice and to find out whether it is stated properly. The first part of my thesis is focused on theoretical knowledge gained from the literary research. In the second, analytic part, I clarify which communication tools are used in the organization and there is also an evaluation of a questionnaire survey which points out if the marketing tools chosen by the organization work well. The last part deals with the recommendations which I have proposed based on the questionnaire research.


At the beginning of 2006,France promulgates a new bill-"Cntrat Pemiere Ebauche"-which has caused society's strong reply.Large-scale parade starts immediately including the workers and students.Its behind is hiding the profound social background and reasons of politics and economy.The French new laborer laws touches a part of social groups' interest,which is important origin that French society turbulently formed.From the viewpoint of social equlity to discuss the issues of the education and the employment policy appears especially important and feasible.


A set of vertical extension fractures, striking N-S to NNE-SSW but with local variations, is present in both the outcrop and subsurface in both Mesaverde and Dakota sandstones. Additional sets of conjugate shear fractures have been recognized in outcrops of Dakota strata and may be present in the subsurface. However, the deformation bands prevalent locally in outcrops in parts of the basin as yet have no documented subsurface equivalent. The immature Mesaverde sandstones typically contain relatively long, irregular extension fractures, whereas the quartzitic Dakota sandstones contain short, sub-parallel, closely spaced, extension fractures, and locally conjugate shear planes as well. Outcrops typically display secondary cross fractures which are rare in the subsurface, although oblique fractures associated with local structures such as the Hogback monocline may be present in similar subsurface structures. Spacings of the bed-normal extension fractures are approximately equal to or less than the thicknesses of the beds in which they formed, in both outcrop and subsurface. Fracture intensities increase in association with faults, where there is a gradation from intense fracturing into fault breccia. Bioturbation and minimal cementation locally inhibited fracture development in both formations, and the vertical limits of fracture growth are typically at bedding/lithology contrasts. Fracture mineralizations have been largely dissolved or replaced in outcrops, but local examples of preserved mineralization show that the quartz and calcite common to subsurface fractures were originally present in outcrop fractures. North-south trending compressive stresses created by southward indentation of the San Juan dome area (where Precambrian rocks are exposed at an elevation of 14,000 ft) and northward indentation of the Zuni uplift, controlled Laramide-age fracturing. Contemporaneous right-lateral transpressive wrench motion due to northeastward translation of the basin was both concentrated at the basin margins (Nacimiento uplift and Hogback monocline on east and west edges respectively) and distributed across the strata depth.


Abstract : We estimate that total federal compensation for reservists grew by about 25 percent, from about $18.5 billion in fiscal year 2001 to nearly $23.1 billion in fiscal year 2007 in constant fiscal year 2009 dollars. Per capita compensation for part-time reservists, who comprise about 91 percent of the reserve force, increased nearly 52 percent, from $14,400 in fiscal year 2001 to $22,000 in fiscal year 2007.12 Per capita compensation for full-time reservists increased about 13 percent, from $107,000 in fiscal year 2001 to $121,000 in fiscal year 2007. Of the three cost areas that comprise compensation-cash, noncash, and deferred-deferred compensation costs, such as retiree health care and pensions, grew the fastest, increasing by nearly 28 percent. Cash compensation costs, such as pay and bonuses, grew by nearly 24 percent, while noncash benefits, such as health care and education, increased by about 21 percent. Further, the growth in reservists-compensation is expected to increase more with the implementation of the Post 9-11 VEAA beginning in August 2009 because it will provide more generous education benefits than existing benefits to qualifying servicemembers and veterans of the armed forces. VA estimates that the net cost of the Post 9-11 VEAA will be nearly $78.1 billion from fiscal years 2009 to 2018, of which $12.3 billion will fund benefits for reservists and their eligible family members. Congress appropriated $746 million more than the VA's fiscal year 2009 budget request to reflect the partial-year cost of the Post 9-11 VEAA. According to a VA official, the Post 9-11 VEAA will require $2.1 billion in obligations in fiscal year 2009. Of the VA requested appropriation, $7.1 billion funds the Post 9-11 VEAA program in fiscal year 2010.


The paper presents an approach to behavioural modelling of analog circuits by dynamic semi-symbolic analysis, where some circuit parameters are kept as symbols and the others are given as numeric values. Our new method is based on the determinant decision diagram (DDD) representation of small-signal characteristics of linear analog circuits. The basic idea is to dynamically reorder DDD vertices such that all the DDD vertices corresponding to symbolic parameters are separated from DDD vertices for numerical parameters. In this way, DDD sizes of symbolic portion of DDD can be significantly reduced by suppressing numerical DDD nodes. Our new approach is different from the existing MTDDD based semi-symbolic analysis method where reordering is done before DDD is constructed and DDD-based graph operations are still valid in the new method. The proposed dynamic ordering algorithm, which is based on swap of adjacent variables, also improves the existing DDD-based vertex sifting algorithm as no special sign rule is required after DDD vertices are swapped. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed dynamic semi-symbolic method leads to up to 30% symbolic DDD node reduction compared MTDDD method on real analog circuits and can be performed very efficiently.


We assess the accuracy of a recently developed nonlocal density functional in treating van der Waals molecular systems. This new functional contains a non‐empirical treatment of dispersion interactions and exhibits the appropriate behavior in the high‐density limit. We present results for three model noncovalently bonded systems: the methane‐benzene complex, a dimethylnitramine dimer, and a dimer of triaminotrinitrobenzene in its crystalline symmetry. Predicted interaction energies are greatly improved with this new approach as compared to conventional density functionals. Intermolecular distances are also improved, though the degree of improvement varies with the character of the intermolecular interactions, with dispersion dominated systems showing the greatest improvement.


Purpose: To evaluate the association with corneal thickness and corneal thinnest point using Orbscan topography. Methods: One hundred and four eyes of the 52 normal subjects who were investigated using an Orbscan topography, were devided into following two groups ; one was inferonasal group which has the thinnest point in inferonasal quadrant(23 eyes, 22.1%), and the other was inferotemporal group which has the thinnest point in inferoternporal quadrant. (79 eyes, 76%) Among them, age-matched 30 eyes were randomly selected. The corneal thickness of two groups were measured at eight meridian of each point distant 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0mm from corneal center. The thickest point and the thinnest point of cornea in two groups were compared and analysed. Results: The thickest point of cornea in two groups was located in the superior portion. The thinnest quadrant was located in the inferonasal portion for inferonasal group and in the inferotemporal portion for inferotemporal group. Conclusions: The quadrant where the thinnest quadrant existed had the thinnest corneal thickness in comparing with any other quadrant.


This paper presents two different ways of identifying possible defects for electronic components in order to achieve predictive maintenance. The analysis is performed on the components of a power station used in telecommunication. In the first part of the paper is performed a defect analysis based on fuzzy graphs. This leads to the components causing the most accidental stops. In the second part an analysis is carried out using the thermal imaging camera on the electronic components of the rectifier, because this components produce the most accidental stops. At the end of the paper we can see a number of possible defects that can occur if the studied components it's not working at the nominal parameters and how we can identify the respective components.


Palliative care for the neonatal population has become more topical in recent years given the escalation of technological and medical advances and higher neonatal survival rates. Some newborns, however, will still die in the neonatal intensive care unit, often as a result of extreme prematurity and other complex medical problems. This paper explores previously identified barriers to palliative care practice in neonatal nursing. These barriers were inadequate staffing, unconducive physical environment, technological imperatives and parental expectations. Using an interpretive research framework, focus groups were conducted at three tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in Australia to elicit individual views to aid in clarifying the barriers to neonatal palliative care. A purposive sampling method accessed 24 registered nurses with neonatal intensive care experience. The three barriers identified by the survey data were discussed at each of these focus groups. The three themes discussed at the focus groups emerged as central to the successful adoption of a palliative model of care in the NICU. The recommendations identified in this research can be translated into policy, curriculum development and training in the clinical environment.


The paper expounded how to bring into play the main. body function of the students in terms of teaching activity, teaching system and feeling encourage in the teaching subject philosophy and moral education.


We report $^{3}\mathrm{H}$ binding energy calculations using inversion potentials generated from phase shifts corresponding to contemporary nucleon-nucleon potentials as well as modern phase shift analyses. We place limits upon the calculated triton binding energy based on a local potential due to the underlying uncertainties in the potential model generated directly from the nucleon-nucleon phase shifts. We explore the role of the nonlocality of momentum-dependent potentials in the triton binding energy. In particular, we find the additional binding energy in the case of the Bonn-B potential is due to a long range nonlocality.


This work introduces a novel approach for determining the material constants of the Johnson Cook constitutive model, which is used to estimate flow stress when a material is open to higher strain rates, stresses, and temperatures. In this study the material characteristics/constants of the Johnson-Cook constitutive model were derived by using another flow stress model which was introduced by Sheppard and Jackson. The input data was collected from published hot compression test results. This method can potentially reduce the experimental efforts required for evaluating the data of the Johnson-Cook model. In this work aluminum alloys 7075-T65I and Ti- 6Al-4V have been considered for analysis. These materials have their mechanical properties at high temperatures and are of excellent significance for new manufacturing procedures that use deformation to produce a bonding in the solid state, such as friction stir welding and magnetic impulse welding. The flow stress variation of the two models and similar characteristics have been observed at some points over the temperature range. The strain rate constant (c ) and temperature softening coefficient (m) for each material have been determined and results were compared with experimental data which were found in the literature. By adopting this method it is possible to eliminate torsion test to know the strain rate effect on a material. These data could also be used to simulate possibly the best processes as forging, rolling at higher temperatures, and creep.


NASA has initiated the Living with a Star (LWS) Program to develop the scientific understanding to address the aspects of the Connected Sun-Earth system that affect life and society. A goal of the program is to bridge the gap between science, engineering, and user a~dication communities. This will enable future . . science, operational, and commercial objectives in space and atmospheric environments by improving engineering approaches to the accommodation andlor mitigation of the effects of solar variability on technological systems. A pre-formulation study determined the optimum combination of science missions, modeling, and technology infusion elements to accomplish this goal. The results of the study are described below.


The paper described composition model and working principle of PLL frequency synthesizer,and proposed method of automatic channel selection achieved by MCU control combined with its application in intermediate frequency wireless communication system in mine.The application of PLL frequency synthesizer allows wireless terminal to switch quickly in different base stations,and has advantages of high frequency resolution,short frequency conversion time,continuous phase during signal conversion and so on.


This is the 46th in a series of journal citation analyses reported in Current Contenfs" {C(P) over the past two decades. It is my ambition to eventually round out these studies so that we can provide a successor to the monograph known to college and research librarians the world over as Brown's Scientific .$eriak. I Of course, the Science Citation Index" (SCP ) and its annual volumes of the Journal Citation Report@ (JCP ) are far more detailed tools for collection managers. But the very brevity of Brown's analysis has a special virtue that we hope to emulate by updating and expanding the brief reports we published earlier in Science2 and Nuture.3 In this three-part journal study, we focus on 31 periodicals from physical chemistry and chemical physics, two disciplines that today are inextricably linked. However, this was not always the case, as we shall see in the dkcussion that follows. In this essay we will cover the general history and development of the two fields as well as some of their current concerns. The latter were identified by examining LSI@'s 1983 researchfront data. Keep in mind that the historical section in this essay must necessarily be limited to a broad overview of the two fields. Entire books have already been written on these subjects. But it is important that we review these developments here in order to provide an understanding of the present interrelationship between physical chemistry and chemical physics. Parts 2 and 3 of our study will then concentrate on the 31 physical chemistry/chemical physics journals listed in Table 1.


The energetics of a ..gamma..-ray burster can be explained by the rapid accretion of > or approx. =10/sup 19/ g of matter onto a neutron star surface. It is proposed that this sudden infall of matter may be the result of a radiation-driven instability which occurs at the boundary between an accretion disk and the surface of a slowly rotating neutron star. The observed ..gamma..-ray burst intensities require that the surface densities in the inner regions of the accretion disks exceed about 10/sup 8/ g cm/sup -2/. It is conjectured that disks with this property could form from the tidal breakup of planets that were thrown into eccentric orbits following the explosions that created the neutron stars. During an outburst, the boundary instability depletes the materials from the inner edge of an accretion disk, and between outbursts this material is replenished by the mass flow that is driven by the viscosity in the disk. The long interval between bursts indicates that the mean mass accretion rate is very slow. This suggests that the flow in the disk is laminar and that the main source of dissipation and angular momentum transport is molecular viscosity. Such disks are found to be densemore » and relatively cool and to contain highly degenerate electrons which furnish most of the pressure and viscosity. This model yields estimates for the recurrence time for bursts, for the steady emission from the accretion disks, and for the flux of reprocessed radiation that is emitted during outbursts. These estimates are consistent with observations of the 1978 November 19 burster and the 1979 March 5 burster if the former is a few hundred pc from the solar system and if the latter is located in the LMC.« less


in order to solve the map matching problem in traffic information collection based on wireless positioning, a integrated map matching algorithm based on fuzzy theory was proposed, it identified the road on which the phone-in-moving-vehicle was moving by comparing the similarity degree between its trajectory curve and all the candidate roads, which included three features with look-ahead to improve the accuracy, then fuzzy preference relations were adopted to the multi-criteria decision. The results obtained through this approach are promising


By employing the figure of prosopopoeia / sermocinatio in the peroration of his Pro Milone, Cicero aims not only at reinforcing Milo's favorable portrayal and the lines of defense, but also at protecting his own image following the legal defeat and at indirectly embarking on self-praise. The implied prediction of Cicero's literary fame and glory, the information about his person, the atmosphere of death that brings to mind epitaphs, and the poetic motifs presented at the end of the speech could be interpreted as an intentional strategy that allows the orator to provide a sphragis for his work.


Objectives. The aim of the work is to create algorithms for approximating a sequence of points on a plane by arcs of clothoids and circles. Such a problem typically arises in the design of railroad and highway routes. The plan (projection onto a horizontal plane) of the road route is a curve (spline) consisting of a repeating bundle of elements "straight line + clothoid arc + circle arc + clothoid arc + ...". Such a combination of elements provides continuity not only for the curve and its tangent, but also for the curvature. Since the number of spline elements is not known in advance, and their parameters are subject to restrictions, there is no mathematically consistent algorithm for this problem. The two-stage scheme for solving the problem is developed at RTU MIREA only for a spline with lines and circles (i.e., without clothoid elements). At the first stage, the scheme uses dynamic programming to determine the number of spline elements. At the second stage, the scheme optimizes parameters of the spline using nonlinear programming. This scheme has yet to be implemented for a spline with clothoids due to a significantly more complicated nature of this problem. Therefore, the design of route plans in existing computer aided design (CAD) systems is carried out in interactive mode using iterative selection of elements. In this regard, it makes sense to develop mathematically consistent algorithms for element-by-element approximation.Methods. The problem of element-by-element approximation by a circle and a clothoid is formalized as a lowdimensional non-linear programming problem. The objective function is the sum of squared deviations from the original points. Since a clothoid can only be represented in Cartesian coordinates by power series, there are difficulties in calculating the derivatives of the objective function with respect to the desired parameters of the spline elements. The proposed mathematically consistent algorithm for calculating these derivatives is based on the integral representation of the Cartesian coordinates of the points of the clothoid as functions of its length.Results. A mathematical model and algorithms have been developed for approximating a sequence of points on a plane by clothoids and circles using the method of nonlinear programming. A second-order algorithm is implemented with the calculation and inversion of the matrix of second derivatives (Hesse matrix).Conclusions. For approximation by circles and clothoids using nonlinear programming, it is not necessary to have an analytical expression of the objective function in terms of the required variables. The proposed algorithms make it possible to calculate not only the first, but also the second derivatives in the absence of such expressions.


Low-density microcellular foams with an apparent density 0.012-0.060 g/cm 3 and average pore size 1-35 μ m were prepared by thermally induced liquid-solid phase decomposition of polystyrene solution in benzene. The character of phase decomposition strongly influences the formation of a fibrous anisotropic struc- ture of the resultant polystyrene. The density of foams and the pore size can be varied in wide ranges by varying the concentration of the initial solutions and the freezing rate. The freezing rate is a critical factor which controls the quality of the obtained foams; when the freezing rate is higher than the critical value, foams with poor prop- erties are obtained.


Problems of decreasing the flame speed resulting from pre-mixed gas explosions and attenuating explosion overpressures are discussed. A cylindrical test pipeline with an 89× 4.5 mm cross section is used to study flame propagation characteristics of an acetylene–air mixture both in the empty pipeline and in the presence of aluminum silicate wool attached to the internal wall of the pipeline. Experimental results show that aluminum silicate wool, which is a kind of a fibroid porous material with a high specific surface area, decreases the increment of the outlet flame speed and attenuates drastically the explosion overpressure if the length of the porous insert exceeds the critical length.


The paper explores the issue of perceived high speeds of vehicles around two rural schools and one urban school in the Western Cape and investigates whether those perceptions are based on fact. The two rural schools chosen for the study were identified by Cape Winelands' District Municipality as schools where local residents regularly raise concerns around the speeds of vehicles. The study examines actual speeds but looks also at the safety issues of speed more generally, particularly as it relates to the perceptions of and risks facing children as a consequence of their physiological limitations. The findings suggest that while levels of speed compliance may fall within an acceptable range, the speed limits themselves may be inappropriate for child-dominated road space, given the challenges that children have regarding perceiving and responding to moving vehicles.


ters: pressure angle·1Il '" 200, module m '" 3.5 mm, number of teeth ,::: [9, addendum modification coefficient l(= +0.5, out ide diameter do",76.78 mrn, distance between grinding wheels M '" 28.01 rnm, which is equalto the span measurement. The coordinates of the grid diagram are de cribed as follows: The ordinate axls repre ents the actual melius of curvature p of tile tooth prom : the ab cissa axls represents the correponding length S=,rp rb of thearc along the base circle of radius rb, rp arc angle. Th inclined lines 011 the diagram denote the motion of the points of contact of the grinding wheels with the riglu and left profiles. Here, IPn' Pm and P, are the radii of CUfvature 011 the out ide diameter, at the point. of ecnta Iwith the wheel during symmetric positioning relative to the Gear Grinding With Dislh Wlhileel:s,


The utility model discloses a wireless charging mouse and a mouse mat. The wireless charging mouse is internally provided with an electric energy receiving module, the mouse mat corresponding to the wireless charging mouse is internally provided with a power emission module, and the mouse mat is provided with a power interface. The electric energy receiving module is provided with a receiving coil, which is electrically connected with a mouse control board arranged inside the wireless charging mouse; and the power emission module is provided with an emission coil, which is electrically connected with the power interface and the mouse mat control board arranged inside the mouse mat. Furthermore, a wrist support part upheaves from one part of the mouse mat. The mouse mat control board is arranged in an accommodating space which is arranged inside the mouse mat and is below the wrist support part. According to the wireless charging mouse, not only is that the wireless mouse is free from the troubles of line restraint guaranteed, but also a rechargeable battery is ensured to be used for a long time without being dismounted; in addition, the wrist support part is arranged to endow the mouse mat with a healthcare function; and because the mouse mat control board is arranged in the accommodating space which is arranged inside the mouse mat and below the wrist support part, an attractive effect is achieved.


Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. The clinical presentation may range from an indolent focal disease to a life threatening organ failure. ECD may virtually affect any organ system, most commonly skeleton, kidneys, cardiovascular system, central nervous system. The typical histological findings consist in xanthogranulomatous or xanthomatous infiltration by foamy histiocytes, with immunohistochemistry positive for CD68 and CD163 and negative for CD1a. We present the case of a patient with a history of central insipid diabetes and asbestos exposure who was hospitalized for dyspnoea associated with pleural effusion, with radiological findings of a typical multi-organ involvement (hairy kidneys, coated aorta, Symmetrical osteosclerosis of the middle-distal third of long bones, pericardial and pleural thickening) with the histological findings confirming the diagnosis of ECD.


In this study, the Electrofenton process has been used for the treatment of synthetic textile wastewater. BoxBehnken design was applied to evaluate the effects of parameters like pH, Fe 2+ dosage (mM), current (mA) and electrolysis time (min) on synthetic dye water treatment, in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dye removal efficiencies. The result shows that, on following the optimum combination of parameters, the maximum removal of COD is 86%, and the maximum Dye removal obtained is 70%.


In this demonstration, FoReCo is introduced as a solution for recovering lost control commands in remotely controlled robots. Visitors are given the opportunity to remotely control a robotic arm using a joystick, with the added challenge of experiencing packet losses in the wireless medium. The lost control commands cause the robotic arm's trajectory to become distorted. To combat this issue, FoReCo is implemented and utilizes an ML model that has been trained on a real-world dataset to recover the lost control commands. The demonstration illustrates how FoReCo recovers the lost commands, resulting in the robotic arm operating smoothly despite the presence of wireless medium losses.


Fluorescence quenching rate constants k q by molecular oxygen 3 O 2 ( 3 Σ g - ) were measured anthracenecarbonitriles (AC) in acetonitrile and benzene and for five acridinium ions in acetonitrile. The k q 's for acridinium ions decrease with an increase in the free enthalpy change ΔG of full electron transfer from the first excited singlet fluorescer 1 M * to 3 O 2 in acetonitrile and become smaller than one-hundredth of the diffusion-controlled limit, k diff


Driver exhaustion throughout travel square measure comic main causes for expressive pathway mishap. Accordingly, exhaustion correspondent transportation mishap possess a better dumps furthermore beginning additional harm toward effective climate in comparison among collision wherever farcical automobilist square measure vigilant. A system which will facilitate to extend observance of the motorist and build him alert from fatigue state by supply timely warning may facilitate to forestall several collision, as well as therefore emancipate coinage as well as scale back secluded misfortune. During this paper, various method to notice driver fatigue are delineate.


Abstract The maximum variation from test to test obtained when testing a sample of reclaimed rubber in compounded test formulas is approximately half that experienced when the reclaim-sulfur test is used. When tested with sulfur alone, reclaimed rubber may show a widely varying tensile strength and elongation from lot to lot, whereas much less variation in results is observed if the reclaimed rubber is tested in a compounded formula. For this reason, and also because the results obtained are more indicative of final performance, test formulas of a general nature are preferable to the reclaim-sulfur test. When test formulas are used in preference to the reclaim-sulfur mix, there is no increase in the work of testing. A combination of dibenzothiazyldimethylthiolurea and diphenylguanidine gives very satisfactory results for most types of reclaim.


Background. A lot of research has been done on the prevalence of apical periodontitis in different populations, but there is no data on its prevalence in Iranian population, so there is not enough data about this condition and the factors associated with it. Objectives. The  current study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of chronic apical periodontitis among the patients visiting the Department of Endodontics at the Kermanshah School of Dentistry. Material and Methods. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 595  patients (252  men and 343 women) who were referred to the Kermanshah School of Dentistry in 2014–2015. First, the patients' demographic data was taken using a checklist. Then, an OPG x-ray of each patient was observed carefully and the location of chronic apical periodontitis in the jaws, the history of endodontic treatment, the presence of dental post, adequate and inadequate restorations and periapical index (PAI) were recorded on a checklist. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS-18 software. Results. The prevalence of chronic apical periodontitis was reported to be 4.4%, which increased with age. It was higher in men than in women. The most common site of apical periodontitis was the maxilla and the highest incidence was reported for posterior teeth. Conclusions. The findings of the current study indicate a high prevalence of chronic apical periodontitis due to the presence of post and a history of inadequate root canal treatment (Dent. Med. Probl. 2016, 53, 4, 496–500).


The tonotopic and topographic organization of the bilateral projection from second‐order auditory neurons of nucleus magnocellularis (NM) to nucleus laminaris (NL) was examined in young chickens. In one group of birds, the NM axons which innervate the contralateral NL were severed by cutting the crossed dorsal cochlear tract at the midline. Heavy terminal degeineration in NL was confined to the neuropil area immediately ventral to the perikaryl lamina. Very little degeneration was seen in the dorsal neuropil region. In a second series of animals, the characteristic frequency (CF) of cells in an area of NM was first determined by microelectrode recording techniques and then a small electrolytic lesion was made through the recording electrode. Following survival periods of 24–48 hours, the distribution of projections from the lesioned area to the ipsilateral and contralateral NL was examined usinig the Fink‐Heimer method.


This year marks the 60th anniversary of the American nuclear attack on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The atomic bombs that were dropped on Japan in August 1945 were the fruit of a herculean wartime effort by the American, British and emigre scientists involved in the Manhattan Project. They had to overcome great obstacles and were only able to test their first atomic bomb after Germany surrendered in May of that year. The main motivation for these scientists when the project began in 1941 was the possibility that they were engaged in a race with their German counterparts to harness nuclear fission for war.


The building of enough houses of the highest quality, and the strong neighbourhoods to go with them, to meet population growth, and so also enable strong economic growth, is the big challenge for the city over the next decade.

Dramatic changes in the local government environment have given greater prominence to questions about the role of communities and, potentially, a radical form of devolution in which the experience of residents is harnessed to understand and drive better services.


Objective:To evaluate left ventricle diastolic function with load experiment.Methods:In quiet state,after fixed load exercise and maximum exercise,24 college endurance game athletes and college students' transmitral flow volumes and relative parameters were measured and analysed.Results:HR has negative relativity with TVI and E/A.After load experiment MEAN GRAD and A changed obviously.A and E mixed together.Conclusion:With load increased,left ventricle diastolic function resulted adaptation.Doppler ultrasonography can evaluate left ventricle diastolic function's change unwounded.


Scent marking was studied in pine martens (Martes martes) in female-female and male-female pairs. Results show that agonistically dominant individuals generally had higher scent marking frequencies. However, environmental familiarity can modify the social relationship, whatever the previous social experiences, and, consequently, marking activity. Despite important intra-and interindividual variations, the subjects appeared to react to physical and social modifications by an increased marking rate. One factor affecting marking activity in both novel and established pairs was the activity level of the conspecific partner. the data support the hypothesis that pine martens react in the same way to physical and social modifications, but with different response levels. The discussion focuses on possible functions of scent marking. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.


Reliability growth testing is widely used to identify and remove failure modes in the development of complex systems. Different models have been proposed to track the progress of reliability growth during test, and previous research has addressed the improvement of after-testing system reliability by allocating limited testing resources. The majority of reliability growth testing models are based on the AMSAA/Crow model with known parameters, but there is a lack of work focusing on the situation when the AMSAA/Crow parameters are subject to uncertainty. In this article, we investigate a reliability growth testing allocation problem to series–parallel systems that considers parameter uncertainty in the AMSAA/Crow models. The model parameters are assumed to be known as uncertain-but-bounded values. Interval arithmetic and an interval order relation reflecting decision maker's preference are used to analyze the uncertain parameters. In order to determine the optimal allocation of testing time for each component or subsystem aiming to maximize the after-testing system reliability, a modified genetic algorithm is developed. A penalty function is used to handle the testing resource limitations, and the techniques of dual mutation and random keys are used in the algorithm to improve searching efficiency. Computational results indicate that the interval analysis is a useful tool to deal with parameter uncertainty of reliability growth testing allocation problems.


Convective cores are the hydrogen reservoirs of main sequence stars that are more massive than around 1.2 solar masses. The characteristics of the cores have a strong impact on the evolution and structure of the star. However, such results rely on stellar evolution codes, in which simplistic assumptions are often made on the physics in the core. Indeed, mixing is commonly considered to be instantaneous and the most basic nuclear networks assume beryllium at its equilibrium abundance. Those assumptions lead to significant differences in the central composition of the elements for which the timescale to reach nuclear equilibrium is lower than the convective timescale. In this work, we show that those discrepancies impact the nuclear energy production and, therefore, the size of convective cores in models computed with overshoot. We find that cores computed with instantaneous mixing are up to 30% bigger than those computed with diffusive mixing. Similar differences are found when using basic nuclear networks. Additionally, we observed an extension of the duration of the main sequence due to those core size differences. We then investigated the impact of those structural differences on the seismic modeling of solar-like oscillators. Modeling two stars observed by Kepler, we find that the overshoot parameter of the best models computed with a basic nuclear network is significantly lower, compared to models computed with a full nuclear network. This work is a necessary step in improving the modeling of convective cores, which is key to determining accurate ages in the framework of future space missions such as Plato.


We report the identification and characterization of p33, the product of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) open reading frame 69 (ORF69), a positional homolog of the conserved herpesvirus protein UL31. p33 is expressed upon induction of viral lytic cycle with early kinetics. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that in infected cell lines, the protein is localized in the nucleus, both in dotted spots and along the nuclear membrane. Nuclear fractionation experiments showed that p33 partitions with the nuclear matrix, and both immunoblotting of purified virions and immunoelectron microscopy indicated that the novel protein is not a component of the mature virus. Following ectopic expression in KSHV-negative cells, the protein was never associated with the nuclear membrane, suggesting that p33 needs to interact with additional viral proteins to reach the nuclear rim. In fact, after cotransfection with the ORF67 gene, the KSHV positional homolog of UL34, the p33 intranuclear signal changed and the two proteins colocalized on the nuclear membrane. A similar result was obtained when ORF69 was cotransfected with BFRF1, the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positional homolog of UL34 and ORF67. Finally, upon cotransfection, ORF69 significantly increased nuclear membrane reduplications induced by BFRF1. The above results indicate that KSHV p33 shares many similarities with its EBV homolog BFLF2 and suggest that functional cross-complementation is possible between members of the gammaherpesvirus subfamily. (Roche) at 55°C. The PCR product was cloned in the pGEMT-easy vector and confirmed by sequencing. As a control, PCR was carried out without the reverse transcriptase reaction. To identify the 5 (cid:4) and 3 (cid:4) ends of the ORF69 transcript, 5 (cid:2) g of total RNA from TPA-induced BCBL-1 (48 h) was treated with DNase I (Promega) and amplified with a 5 (cid:4) /3 (cid:4) rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) second generation kit (Roche) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Briefly, to obtain the 5 (cid:4) RACE fragment, first-strand cDNA was synthesized by using an ORF69-specific primer (RACE1, 5 (cid:4) -ACGGTAGACAGGTCTAGGG-3 (cid:4) ; genomic coordinates, 117012 to 117031). After tailing, the purified cDNA was amplified by PCR at 56°C by using an oligo(dT)-anchor primer (supplied with the kit) and the RACE3 ORF69-specific primer (5 (cid:4) -GTGCATATCGGGGTCTTCCAT-3 (cid:4) ; genomic coordi-nates,116973to116994).The3 (cid:4) endoftheORF69transcriptwasidentifiedthrough PCRamplificationofcDNAsynthesizedusinganoligo(dT)anchorprimer(supplied with the kit). PCR was performed with the UP4 primer (5 (cid:4) -GACATTCAAAAGG GAACCGCA-3 (cid:4) ; genomic coordinates, 117612 to 117632) and the PCR anchor primer(suppliedwiththekit)at56°C.Bandsof250bpand120bpwereobservedon agarose gel from the 5 (cid:4) and 3 (cid:4) RACE, respectively. Both PCR products were cloned


Tunnel structural health is an important index to judge the safety of tunnels,so tunnel structural health monitoring and assessment is the main means of tunnel safety management.Due to tunnels' harsh environments such as long-distance,wide range and complex surrounding rock structure,traditional monitoring methods cannot meet the requirements of real-time,fast and continuous monitoring.This paper establishes a complete four-frame monitoring information system for tunnel structural health which includes collection layer,transport layer,base layer and application layer,and applies the FBG technology to data acquisition in collection layer.The application of the monitoring information system for tunnel structure health verifies the stability and reliability of real-time,on-line,continuous tunnel parameter monitoring;the system also realizes the function of tunnel safety information monitoring and early warning.Besides,the analysis of the continuous monitoring data of strain and cracks of tunnel provides extensive data and theoretical basis for tunnel safety assessment and control measures formulation.


This interim report is offered as a contribution to the UK Government's Speed Review. It presents research, commissioned by the AA Foundation for Road Safety Research, to give a better understanding of issues surrounding speeding. The research assumes that worthwhile road safety benefits can be obtained from reduced speeds. Therefore, it has concentrated on studying drivers' attitudes and behaviour, with the aim of providing a basis for developing policies and actions which will reduce speeding. The objectives of the research are to: (1) increase understanding of why some drivers drive excessively fast or at speeds inappropriate for the road and traffic conditions; (2) provide updated information on excess and inappropriate behaviour as factors contributing to crashes in different urban and rural environments; and (3) increase understanding of the complex interactions between road users' choices of speed and their perception of the road environment through features of layout and design, landscape and adjacent land use, signing, and markings. The report discusses: (1) the research objectives and methods; (2) a driver attitude study, based on surveys and group discussions; (3) a Delphi survey to obtain the views of professionals in a wide range of fields related to safety; and (4) various conclusions.


Significance and evaluation of the impact of psychosocial factors on the treatment adherence of patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 1 and type 2 and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to improving the efficacy of treatment.


Background: Dinoxin B Withanolide was isolated from Datura inoxia and identified with its cytotoxic activity. But its antibacterial properties are not yet evaluated. We have previously reported the broad-spectrum antibacterial property of Dinoxin B Withanolide extracted from D.inoxia on standard strains. Objective: This research has focused to evaluate the efficacy of Dinoxin B Withanolide against infectious Staphylococcus aureus, including resistant strains. Methods: Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry is used to depict the presence of Dinoxin B withanolide from the chromatographic ethanolic leaf fraction. Antibacterial activity of different concentrations of Dinoxin B(12500-100000 μg/ml) was assessed using the agar diffusion, macro broth dilution, and time-kill assay methods. Docking studies and Drug likeness properties were analyzed. Result: Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry depicted the presence of Dinoxin B. All the isolates were susceptible to Dinoxin B within the range of 15±0.5mm to 24±0.5mm, and the bacteria were susceptible at a concentration rate of ≤12.5mg/ml. Time-kill assay showed that 25mg/ml of Dinoxin B displayed the highest inhibitory activity after four hours. The MBC values were compatible with the cidal concentration as seen in the time-kill study's growth curve. Computer-aided techniques resulted in a good Docking score towards Quorum-signaling Sar A protein (-7.82)and Penicillin Binding Protein(-6.9). Conclusion: Dinoxin B with its bactericidal properties and significant affinity towards Quorum-signaling Sar A protein and Penicillin Binding Protein can be considered as an effective bioactive compound against Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus.


This study aims to shed more light on our understanding of the learning consequences of an emerging pedagogical approach to teaching: the flipped classroom. This approach proposes a change of paradigm in which students are expected to assimilate concepts prior to attending classes with the objective of dedicating class time to the completion of activities that put those concepts into practice. Building on a sample of 219 undergraduate University students from Pablo de Olavide University enrolled on a course in Strategic Management, we compare students taught using a traditional teaching format (control group) with students taught using a flipped classroom format (experimental group). Our results show that the implementation of the flipped learning method has a significant impact on three important learning outcomes: (1) it increases the student's intrinsic motivation for the topic under study; (2) it results in higher exam grades; and (3) it reduces absenteeism.


Polylactide (PLA) is a commercially produced bio-based thermoplastic with unique properties such as high strength, biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the low heat deflection temperature (HDT) of PLA significantly impedes its industrial implementation for high-performance applications, requiring the design of PLA-based nanocomposites.Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are derived from cellulose which is highly abundant in nature, non-toxic, biodegradable, and has a low density. CNCs possess many attractive features for use in nano-composites. The main problem of adding hydrophilic CNCs into hydrophobic matrixes is their lack of affinity, leading to phase separation and a decrease in mechanical properties. A one-step method based on both Fischer esterification and acid hydrolysis was used in this work to obtain functionalized and ready-to-use CNCs, with the aim to improve the filler dispersion into the polymeric matrix. The study assesses the reinforcing effect of CNCs on PLA-based materials. CNCs f...


The major concern in Pakistani agriculture is the reduction of growing weed. This research aims to provide a weed detection tool for future agri-robots. The weed detection tool incorporates the use of machine-learning procedure explicitly implementing Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and blob analysis for the effective classification of crop and weed. Weed revealing is based on characteristic features i.e. red green blue (RGB) components which differentiate soil and plant. Morphological features—centroidand length aid to distinguish shape of crop and weed leaves. Following feature extraction, the positive and negative margins are separated by a hyper-plane. The separating hyper-plane acts as the decision surface. Sample input consists of multiple digital field images of carrot crops. Training samples of seventy two images are taken. Accuracy of the outcomes discloses that SVM and blob analysis attain above 50-95% accuracy.


Motivated by a pedagogical argument about the existence of intu itive interpretations of the important definition of measurable sets given by Caratheodory [7] in 1914 this thesis defines the concept of a transformation which generates the definition of Caratheodory, and describes transformations which posses this property. In doing so, par ticular attention is paid to the relatively uninvestigated behaviour of the outer measures of sets invariant under ergodic transformations. The investigation of sets invariant under ergodic transformations also considers the ergodic tool of tower extensions of transformations and their effect on transformation invariant sets, the transformation prop erties of invariance, mixing (in the ergodic sense) and the generation of Car at heo dory's definition. Specific examples of transformations com ing within the orbit of the discussion are irrational rotations on the unit circle, Kakutani's transformation, Chacon's tower transformation and generalisations of some of these. It is shown that a transformation will generate Caratheodory's defini tion only if it is ergodic and outer measure preserving. The condition of outer measure invariance, rarely mentioned in current mathematical literature, is also explored. It is shown that a transformation is outer measure invariant if the images of Borel sets under the transformation are measurable, in the sense of Caratheodory. Some discussion of the conditions required for this to occur is also given. In order for transformations to be considered to have generated Caratheodory's definition, that is to say that the notion has actual content, it is neces sary to show that there are transformation invariant non-measurable


A novel HfO2-based resistive memory with the TiN electrodes is proposed and fully integrated with 0.18 mum CMOS technology. By using a thin Ti layer as the reactive buffer layer into the anodic side of capacitor-like memory cell, excellent memory performances, such as low operation current (down to 25 muA), high on/off resistance ratio (above 1,000), fast switching speed (5 ns), satisfactory switching endurance (>106 cycles), and reliable data retention (10 years extrapolation at 200degC) have been demonstrated in our memory device. Moreover, the benefits of high yield, robust memory performance at high temperature (200degC), excellent scalability, and multi-level operation promise its application in the next generation nonvolatile memory.


G.729A is encapsulated by object oriented programming in VC++.Based on C source code of ITU-T,the pre-processing,linear prediction analysis,open-loop pitch analysis,adaptive-codebook search,fixed-codebook search,quantization of the gains and memory update are given.[


Acute perforation of a Crohn's ileitis resulting in generalised peritonitis is a rather occasional and rare event. We present the case of a young girl retrospectively diagnosed with Crohn's disease after undergoing an emergency laparotomy.


We determine numerically the ground state of the two-dimensional fully polarized electron gas within the Hartree-Fock approximation without imposing any particular symmetries on the solutions. At low electronic densities, the Wigner crystal solution is stable, but for higher densities (${r}_{s}$ less than $\ensuremath{\sim}2.7$) we obtain a ground state of different symmetry: the charge density forms a triangular lattice with about 11% more sites than electrons. We prove analytically that this conducting state with broken translational symmetry has lower energy than the uniform Fermi-gas state in the high-density region giving rise to a metal to insulator transition.


To increase sales, the management and sales department requires accurate, relevant and up-to-date information to support its function. Currently the amount of outstanding accounts receivables becomes one of the obstacles. So, credit limits criteria are applied as one of the effort to emphasis the outstanding receivables. Surely it will have an impact on increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of operations and ultimately will enhance the competitiveness. This research was done in three stages, data collection, analyzing the system requirements of current system to synergy with company's target, and the results of needs analysis are developed into a new accounting information system with object-oriented approach and UML diagrams.


The purpose of the survey was to determine how this cross-cultural immersion experience was perceived by participants once they had finished high school and entered college. We were particularly interested in learning about their academic and career choices and whether they persisted in language study. Also we wanted to know how many had sought further travel and foreign study opportunities. Finally, we hoped respondents would tell us what they felt were the lasting benefits of their high school study abroad experience. The survey population included all program alumni from the summers of 1976 through 1981. One third were college juniors and seniors at the time the survey was taken. The remainder were freshmen and sophomores. Questionnaires were mailed to students' home addresses to coincide with their anticipated arrival for Thanksgiving break. Of the 180 sent, eleven were undeliverable because of address changes; 126 of the remaining 169 were completed and returned. The response rate was a gratifying 74.5 percent. The questionnaire dealt with such topics as initial placement in college Spanish, perseverance in studying Spanish, the study of other languages, college major, minor, and career objectives. While the bulk of the items required short answers or multiple choice responses, a final open-ended question called for student perceptions as to what they considered to be the greatest lasting benefit of their summer immersion experience in Mexico. Responses to this item were varied and interesting, yet revealed an underlying consensus that the study abroad experience had a marked effect on their attitudes and behavior with regard to language learning, a factor ultimately influencing academic and career decisions.2


Hypothesis / aims of study Faecal incontinence (FI) is a prevalent and important condition. Neuromodulation via sacral nerve stimulators has been shown to be effective, but is expensive and has been associated with complications. Peripheral neuromodulation via posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) has been assessed in urinary incontinence, but there is emerging evidence for its use in FI. This prospective trial assesses the efficacy of PTNS in FI.


Abstract Due to outstanding properties, graphene and h-BN nanosheets are emerging as a potential candidate for wide spectrum of applications in the field of engineering and bio-medical science. Graphene and h-BN nanosheets have comparable mechanical and thermal properties, whereas due to high band gap h-BN (∼5eV) have contrasting electrical conductivities. Large size graphene and h-BN nanosheets are synthesized by chemical vapor deposition technique, which results in polycrystalline atomic structure. These polycrystalline nanosheets are characterized either by experimental means or numerical simulations. Experimental techniques are considered as most accurate and practical, but cost and time involved in these techniques limits it application at the nanoscale level. On the other hand, atomistic modeling techniques are emerging as viable alternatives to the experimentations, and are accurate enough to predict the mechanical properties, fracture toughness, and thermal conductivities of polycrystalline graphene and h-BN nanosheets. This comprehensive review article encompasses different characterizing techniques used by the researchers for polycrystalline nanosheets. This review will help in elaborating the properties of polycrystalline graphene and h-BN, and also establishing a perspective on how the microstructure impacts its large-scale physical properties.


We describe an optoelectronic system for simultaneously generating parallel, independent streams of random bits using spectrally separated noise signals obtained from a single optical source. Using a pair of nonoverlapping spectral filters and a fiber-coupled superluminescent LED (SLED), we produced two independent 10 Gb/s random bit streams, for a cumulative generation rate of 20 Gb/s. The system relies principally on chip-based optoelectronic components that could be integrated in a compact, economical package.


Different visualization techniques are used to display and communicate information in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry. While 2D representations have been historically used to communicate designers' intent, 3D representation technologies have been increasingly used in the AEC industry. In this regard, designers gained more flexibility to express their 3D designs on one hand, and to communicate their intent to involved stakeholders on the other. However, current 3D visualization tools still rely on different forms of screens as a communication interface between information stored in a computer and involved users which may affect the interpretability of modeled information. In this context, this study explores the use of holography to represent and share construction information in both the design and construction phases of AEC projects. This paper reviews the current state of art in holographic visualization, examines the various techniques used to create holograms, evaluates the potential use of holography in construction, and compares it to other physical and digital modeling methods currently in use. The authors speculate on the future of this technology in construction environments in conjunction with the use of Building Information Modeling (BIM). In effect, this paper helps construction companies and researchers find out how the benefits brought by holographic models compare currently and in the near future to other rapidly evolving platforms such as the computer tablet and augmented reality technologies.


Condition monitoring assesses the operational health of rotating machinery, in order to provide early and accurate warning of potential failures such that preventative maintenance actions may be taken. To achieve this target, manufacturers start taking on the responsibilities of engine condition monitoring, by embedding health monitoring systems within each engine unit and prompting maintenance actions when necessary. Several types of condition monitoring are used including oil debris monitoring, temperature monitoring and vibration monitoring. Among them, vibration monitoring is the most widely used technique. Machine vibro-acoustic signatures contain pivotal information about its state of health. The current work focuses on one part of the diagnosis stage of condition monitoring for engine bearing health monitoring as bearings are critical components in rotating machinery. A plethora of signal processing tools and methods applied at the time domain, the frequency domain, the time-frequency domain and the time-scale domain have been presented in order to extract valuable information by proposing different diagnostic features. Among others, an emerging interest has been reported on modeling rotating machinery signals as cyclostationary, which is a particular class of non-stationary stochastic processes. A process x(t) is said to be nth-order cyclostationary with period T if its nth-order moments exist and are periodic with period T. Several tools, such as the Spectral Correlation Density (SCD) and the Cyclic Modulation Spectrum (CMS) can be used in order to extract interesting information concerning the cyclic behavior of cyclostationary signals. In order to measure the cyclostationarity from order 1 to 4, concise and global indicators have been proposed. However, in a number of applications such as aircraft engines and wind turbines the characteristic vibroacoustic signatures of rotating machinery depend on the operating conditions of the rotational speed and/or the load. During the last decades fault diagnostics of rotating machinery under variable speed/load has attracted a lot of interest. The classical cyclostationary tools can be used under the assumption that the speed of machinery is constant or nearly constant, otherwise the vibroacoustic signal becomes cyclo-non-stationary. In order to overcome this limitation a generalization of both SCD and CMS functions have been proposed displaying cyclic Order versus Frequency. The goal of this paper is to propose a novel approach for the analysis of cyclo-nonstationary signals based on the generalization of indicators of cyclostationarity in order to cover the speed varying conditions. The proposed indicators of cyclo-non-stationarity (ICNS) are expected to summarize the information at various statistical orders and at lower computational cost compared to the Order-Frequency SCD or CMS. This generalization is realized by introducing a new speed-dependent angle averaging operator. The effectiveness of the approach is evaluated on an acceleration signal captured on the casing of an aircraft engine gearbox, provided by SAFRAN, in the frames of SAFRAN contest which took place at the Surveillance 8 International Conference.


monoclonal antibody recognising CD10 in paraffin-embedded tissue. Am. J. Pathol. 1999; 154; 77–82. 14. Kesse-Adu R, Shousha S. Myoepithelial markers are expressed in at least 29% of oestrogen receptor negative breast carcinoma. Mod. Pathol. 2004; 17; 646–652. 15. Tse GMK, Tsang AKH, Putti TC. et al. Stromal CD10 expression in mammary fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumours. J. Clin. Pathol. 2005; 58; 185–189. 16. Makretsov NA, Hayes M, Carter BA, Dabiri S, Gilks CB, Huntsman DG. Stromal CD10 expression in invasive breast carcinoma correlates with poor prognosis, estrogen receptor negativity, and high grade. Mod. Pathol. 2007; 20; 84–89. 17. Khanafshar E, Phillipson J, Schammel DP, Minobe L, Cymerman J, Weidner N. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the breast. Ann Diagn. Pathol. 2005; 9; 123–129. 18. Magro G, Caltabiano R, Di Cataldo A, Puzzo L. CD10 is expressed by mammary myofibroblastoma and spindle cell lipoma of soft tissue: an additional evidence of their histogenetic linking. Virchows Arch. 2007; 450; 727–728. 19. Leibl S, Moinfar F. Mammary NOS-type sarcoma with CD10 expression. A rare entity with features of myoepithelial differentiation. Am. J. Surg. Pathol. 2006; 30; 450–456.


The effects of different amounts of titanium powder (200 mesh), used as additive, on the resistivity of the coating of coal tar epoxy resin cured with polyamine in distilled aqueous 3.5%(mass%) sodium chloride solution has been studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The influencing factors of the resistivity were discussed, and the variation of the resistivity was also studied by calculating permittivity for the coatings herewith. Analysis of the electrochemical impedance spectra of the coating as a function of titanium content and immersion time showed that for short immersion times (half an hour) the resistivity was increased when the titanium content was decreased and that for long immersion times (192 hours) the reverse was the case.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the implementation of the minimum level of protection against the loss of the home that arises from Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights in The Netherlands. The paper focuses on anti-social behaviour-related cases in which the landlord requests the court to issue an eviction order. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a statistical analysis of nearly 250 judgements concerning housing-related anti-social behaviour. Findings – A significant difference is found in the court's attitude against drug-related anti-social behaviour and other types of nuisance. Moreover, it is found that in two-thirds of the cases, the tenant advanced a proportionality defence. Although the European Court stresses the need of a proportionality check, the Dutch courts ignore the tenant's proportionality defence in 10 per cent of the cases and issue an eviction order in the majority of all cases. Advancing a proportionality defence does not result in any...


Purpose – To develop a new corrosion inhibitor formulation for carbon steel in low chloride environments.Design/methodology/approach – Corrosion inhibition efficiencies were evaluated by the weight loss method and by impedance measurement studies. The nature of the inhibition process was evaluated using potentiostatic polarization studies. The nature of the protective film was investigated using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The concept of synergistic effect was used in the development of the new synergistic inhibitor formulation.Findings – A new corrosion inhibitor formulation, containing tertiary butyl phosphonate (TBP), zinc ions and citrate, has been developed to control the corrosion of carbon steel in low chloride environments. This inhibitor formulation was found to offer a maximum inhibition efficiency of 96 per cent in a neutral pH test environment. It was interesting to observe that the binary system, consisting of higher concen...


Context. The termination regions of non-relativistic jets in protostars and supersonic outflows in classical novae are non-thermal emit- ters. This has been confirmed by radio and gamma-ray detection, respectively. A two-shock system is expected to be formed in the termination region where the jet, or the outflow material, and the ambient medium impact. Radiative shocks are expected to form in these systems given their high densities. However, in the presence of high velocities, the formation of adiabatic shocks is also possible. A case of interest is when the two types of shocks occur simultaneously. Adiabatic shocks are more e ffi cient at particle acceleration while radiative shocks strongly compress the gas. Furthermore, a combined adiabatic–radiative shock system is very prone to de- veloping instabilities in the contact discontinuity, leading to mixing, turbulence, and density enhancement. Additionally, these dense non-relativistic jets and outflows are excellent candidates for laboratory experiments as demonstrated by magnetohydrodynamics scaling. Aims. We aim to study the combination of adiabatic and radiative shocks in protostellar jets and novae outflows. We focus on deter- mining the conditions under which this combination is feasible together with its physical implications. Methods. We performed an analytical study of the shocks in both types of sources for a set of parameters by comparing cooling times and propagation velocities. We also estimated the timescales for the growth of instabilities in the contact discontinuity separating both shocks. We studied the hydrodynamical evolution of a jet colliding with an ambient medium with 2D numerical simulations, confirming our initial theoretical estimates. Results. We show that for a wide set of observationally constrained parameters, the combination of an adiabatic and a radiative shock is possible at the working surface of the termination region in jets from young stars and novae outflows. We find that instabilities are developed at the contact discontinuity, mixing the shocked materials. Additionally, we explore the magnetohydrodynamic parameter scaling required for studying protostellar jets and novae outflows using laboratory experiments on laser facilities. Conclusions. The coexistence of an adiabatic and a radiative shock is expected at the termination region of protostellar jets and novae outflows. This scenario is very promising for particle acceleration and gamma-ray emission. The parameters for scaled laboratory experiments are very much in line with plasma conditions achievable in currently operating high-power laser facilities. This provides a new means for studying novae outflows that has never been considered before.


We defend the view that scientific models should be interpreted as fictions. The view is illustrated, and a typology of scientific models is presented.


In its theoretical part,the study deals with signification, processes and passive elements of reverse logistics. There are also declaimed basic procedures of waste and return goods treatment. The applied part is focused on waste management in the Czech republic and Pardubice region. There are also described trends in waste production and waste treatment. At the end oft the essay, there are declaimed some suggestions on critical waste management issues.