The present paper reports the results of an experiment which compared tonal configurations in text reading in French and Swedish. The experiment aims to investigate in particular the accents and initial juncture tonal manifestations at the clause, sentence and text levels. Similarities and differences across the levels and the languages are discussed. INTRODUCTION The sentence is often the predilected domain for prosodic descriptions. However more attention has being recently paid to the textual aspects of prosody (see, for example, Bruce, 1982; Gkding, 1982; Thorsen, 1985; 1986). These studies are usually based on one language and on texts constituted by a series of related utterances compared with the same sentences in isolation. The experiment reported here is an expansion of previous research done on contrastive studies of prosody conducted in Lund (see, for example, Gkding, 1981; G k ding, Botinis, & Touati, 1982; Touati, 1987). The purpose of the article is to extend our contrastive study of prosody to the text domain. The text was chosen because we want to elicit prosody within a larger domain than the utterance and an intermediary domain within the dialogue. The textual unit was also chosen because we want to investigate more particularly the demarcative-connective function of prosody, i.e., how prosody indicates boundaries and coherence between successive levels in speech. The basic framework for the present analysis is the model for prosody developed at Lund (for a detailed presentation of the model, see Touati, 1987). The model is operating as an input-output system. The input is marked with labels corresponding to the main prosodic categories and information about grammatical boundaries. The prosodic categories and the labels used in the analysis of the text are presented below. The output is a string of syllables structured as a well-formed temporal profile and a tonal configuration. MATERIAL AND PROCEDURE The subjects were two male linguists. GBF, the French subject, is a phonetician who speaks standard French and HDS, the Swedish speaker, has Southern Swedish as mother tongue. Subjects were asked to read in their respective mother tongue three times a text which was very similar in both French and Swedish (see Fig. I ) taken froin Girtling (as to the reasons for selecting this text, cf. Gbding, 1981, p. 158). The recorded material was digitized on the VAX 11/730 at the Lund Phonetics laboratory ancl analyzed using the API program of the ILS package, where pitch extraction is done with a modified cepstral technique. The segmentation and prosodic label assignment were made on computer-generated oscillogram, intensity and Fo traces with auditive feed-back using a computer program designed by Lars Eriksson. The quantitative data were obtained from measurements made during the segmentation and the label assignment. At the present stage, the study is mainly concerned with fundamental frequency (Fo). It aims to investigate in particular how accents ("Accent Dkmarcatif or label AD" for French /"Accent de Mot or label AM" for Swedish) and initial junctures ("label JIM) are tonally manifestated at the clause, sentence and text levels. The lower level for all the ADJAM is the minor clause level ("accent de groupe") for French and the lexical level for Swedish. At the so-called clause level, the AD/AM are located at the final boundary of a main clause or before a comma. At this level, JI are at the onset of the following clause. At the sentence level, ADIAM are situated on the last stressed syllable of the sentences and JI on the absolute onset .af.thesentences. At the text level, ADJAM are on the last stressed syllable on the last word of the last sentence. JI is located on the absolute onset of the text in both languages.


By using the method of documentary review,questionaire investigation and video-test,this paper rediscusses the changing of the judgment stand of freesytle-skiing aerial's clock method deeply.It puts forwards some countermeasures for this judgment standard.


Bi0.9Nd0.1FeO3 (BNFO) films were deposited on Si (100) and (La,Sr)(Al,Ta)O3 (100) (LAST) substrate by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method respectively. The structure,morphology and magnetic properties were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) result indicates that the BNFO films on different substrate adopted different orientation. Cross-section scanning electron microscopy shows that the film thickness is 145 nm.Magnetic properties measurement shows that the film on Si(100) substrate has the larger saturation magnetization (Ms) of 3 686 emu/cm3, while the Ms value of the BNFO films on LSAT(100) substrate is only 1 213 emu/cm3.


MILAGRO is a water-Cherenkov detector for observing cosmic gamma rays over a broad energy range of 100 GeV to 100 TeV. MILAGRO will be the first detector that has sensitivity overlapping both air-Cherenkov and air-shower detectors. With this detector scientists in the collaboration will study previously observed celestial sources at their known emission energies, extend these observations into a new energy regime, and search for new sources at unexplored energies. The diffuse gamma-radiation component in our galaxy, which originates from interactions of cosmic rays with interstellar gas and photons, provides important information about the density, distribution, and spectrum of the cosmic rays that pervade the interstellar medium. Events in the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) are being observed up to about 30 GeV, differing by slightly more than order of magnitude from the low energy threshold of MILAGRO. By looking in coincidence at sources, correlated observations will greatly extend the astrophysics potential of MILAGRO and NASA's GRO. A survey of cosmic-ray observatories is being prepared for scientists and others to provide a resource and reference which describes high energy cosmic-ray research activities around the world. This summary presents information about each research group, such as names of principal investigators, number of persons in the collaboration, energy range, sensitivity, angular resolution, and surface area of detector. Similarly, a survey of gamma-ray telescopes is being prepared to provide a resource and reference which describes gamma-ray telescopes for investigating galactic diffuse gamma-ray flux currently observed in the GeV energy range, but is expected to extend into the TeV range. Two undergraduate students are compiling information about gamma-ray telescopes and high energy cosmic-ray observatories for these surveys. Funding for this project was provided by the Arkansas Space Grant Consortium. Also enclosed Appendix A, B, C, D and E.


We present the first report of a tungsten-free cobalt-based superalloy having a composition Co-10Al-5Mo-2Nb. The alloy is strengthened by cuboidal precipitates of metastable Co-3(Al,Mo,Nb) distributed throughout the microstructure. The precipitates are coherent with the face-centred cubic gamma-Co matrix and possess ordered Ll(2) structure. The microstructure is identical to the popular gamma-gamma' type nickel-based superalloys and that of recently reported Co-Al-W-based alloys. Being tungsten free, the reported alloy has higher specific proof stress compared to existing cobalt-based superalloys. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


Studies of climate variability require long time series of data but are limited by the absence of preindustrial instrumental records. For such studies, proxy‐based climate reconstructions, such as those produced from tree‐ring widths, provide the opportunity to extend climatic records into preindustrial periods. Climate field reconstruction (CFR) methods are capable of producing spatially‐resolved reconstructions of climate fields. We assessed the performance of three commonly used CFR methods (canonical correlation analysis, point‐by‐point regression, and regularized expectation maximization) over spatially‐resolved fields using multiple seasons and climate variables. Warm‐ and cool‐season geopotential height, precipitable water, and surface temperature were tested for each method using tree‐ring chronologies. Spatial patterns of reconstructive skill were found to be generally consistent across each of the methods, but the robustness of the validation metrics varied by CFR method, season, and climate variable. The most robust validation metrics were achieved with geopotential height, the October through March temporal composite, and the Regularized Expectation Maximization method. While our study is limited to assessment of skill over multidecadal (rather than multi‐centennial) time scales, our findings suggest that the climate variable of interest, seasonality, and spatial domain of the target field should be considered when assessing potential CFR methods for real‐world applications.


AbstractThis study aimsto explain the implementation of  Unisono singing learning at class VII-1 in SMP Negeri 1 Painan, Pesisir Selatan District. Type of this research wasa qualitative research with using a descriptive approach, so it was called qualitative-descriptive analysis research. By using this research method, the research process and results provided the complete and the real picture of the object under study from several points of view with a description. Techniques of data collection were collected by taking observation, interviews and documentation. Techniques of data analysis were done by collecting, identifying, classifying, describing, and finally drawing final conclusions of the research. After taking notes during the data collection including doing the interviews and document studies, the results obtain that the implementation of cultural art (music), especially on the topic of unisono singing at class VII-1 SMP Negeri 1 Painan found that the teacher still uses the usual learning methods or conventional, namely the lecture method, question and answer, and discussion. In fact, in the learning to unisono singing which requires demonstrations in the form of demonstration activities and exercises, it is rarely shown or done by the teacher in front of the students. Even if there is a pilot, the teacher only exemplifies the song to the students without demonstrating it completely, but instead sing a piece. As a result, unisono singing learning becomes subject matter of knowledge, without knowing clearly how the correct vocal technique to sing it.Keywords: learning, singing, unisono


Objetive To discuss the main cause of low vision in the early stage after cataract surgery and the processing method. Methods 444 cases(444 eyes) cataract underwent cataract extraction from 2008 June to 2011 August in our hospital.A week after operation,the total of vision lower than 0.3 were 144 eyes.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed to find the reason of low vision. Results In 144 eyes with postoperative vision acuity lower than 0.3,there were the original eye disease in 32 eyes(22.22%),the preoperative complications in 35 eyes(24.31%).and postoperative complications 77 eyes(53.47%).Conclusions Preoperative existing ophthalmopathy and operative complications are the main reason of low vision after cataract extraction.Reducing operative complications and preventing of primary diseases are the main measures to reduce the risk of low vision after cataract extraction..


The stringency of energy poverty in a country is usually related to low income and unequal distribution of earnings. In this paper, we enlarge the picture by showing how internal socio-political factors are associated with different measures of energy deprivation. Specifically, relying on the recently elaborated energy poverty indexes developed by OpenEXP, we show how energy deprivation among European countries correlates to a set of variables in which are included the governance indicators provided by the World Bank. Using different regression strategies, we find that the quality of institutions and regulatory processes are significantly related with the ability of European countries to effectively cope with energy poverty. On the side of policy, our empirical findings stress the importance and the potential effectiveness of targeted public interventions aimed at mitigating the impoverishment effects driven by fully deregulated energy markets.


Commentary by Dr Chizu Nakajima (Director, Centre for Financial Regulation and Crime, Cass Business School, City University) published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.


We study the construction of coresets for kernel density estimates. That is we show how to approximate the kernel density estimate described by a large point set with another kernel density estimate with a much smaller point set. For characteristic kernels (including Gaussian and Laplace kernels), our approximation preserves the $L_\infty$ error between kernel density estimates within error $\epsilon$, with coreset size $2/\epsilon^2$, but no other aspects of the data, including the dimension, the diameter of the point set, or the bandwidth of the kernel common to other approximations. When the dimension is unrestricted, we show this bound is tight for these kernels as well as a much broader set.
This work provides a careful analysis of the iterative Frank-Wolfe algorithm adapted to this context, an algorithm called \emph{kernel herding}. This analysis unites a broad line of work that spans statistics, machine learning, and geometry.
When the dimension $d$ is constant, we demonstrate much tighter bounds on the size of the coreset specifically for Gaussian kernels, showing that it is bounded by the size of the coreset for axis-aligned rectangles. Currently the best known constructive bound is $O(\frac{1}{\epsilon} \log^d \frac{1}{\epsilon})$, and non-constructively, this can be improved by $\sqrt{\log \frac{1}{\epsilon}}$. This improves the best constant dimension bounds polynomially for $d \geq 3$.


Purpose: To evaluate the change of visual quality after wearing orthokeratology lenses overnight. Methods: This study included 13 patients (24 eyes) who wore orthokeratology lenses for the first time. Visual quality was assessed with the optical quality analysis system (OQAS) using the double-pass technique. The value of modulation transfer function (MTF) cutoff, Strehl ratio, and objective scatter index (OSI) were measured at baseline and 4 weeks after wearing the lenses. Results: The mean spherical equivalent decreased from -2.70 ± 1.03 diopters (D) to 0.03 ± 0.36 D after 4 weeks of wearing orthokeratology lenses and uncorrected visual acuity improved from log MAR 0.88 ± 0.17 to log MAR 0.03 ± 0.04. The MTF cutoff decreased from 38.20 ± 11.01 to 34.79 ± 10.30 and the Strehl ratio decreased from 0.24 ± 0.07 to 0.21 ± 0.07 but without statistical significance. The OSI significantly increased from 0.38 ± 0.19 to 0.72 ± 0.40 after wearing orthokeratology lenses. Conclusions: Orthokeratology lenses were effective for correction of myopia and astigmatism. The OSI increased after wearing the lenses, but MFT cutoff and Strehl ratios were not affected. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2014;55(11):1595-1599


Abstract: This mini research describes the concept of education quality assurance in madrasa and Quality Function Deployment method in viewing assessment, needs, and expectation of students in MAN Yogyakarta 1 referring to eight National Education Standards. Research method uses quantitative approach, that is by calculating data assessment, needs, and expectation of students based on House of Quality matrix and calculating results of students' statistical appraisal toward eight education standards by using software application SPSS version 22 in discerning students' satisfaction toward education process are being run in madrasa. The results show that assessment aspects, needs, and expectation of students based on calculation of House of Quality matrix are the desire to obtain the worship stuff facility in the form of mukena and its place in the mosque, the availability of fan or air conditioner in each class, refinement and addition of sports field, equipments in the laboratory in the form of a computer. Whereas for education standards of content and process in madrasa, majority of students expect learning methods can be further developed with more interesting methods that are not boring for students. In addition, the calculation results through SPSS show the total number of students who become respondents as many as 57 students. Of the total, 39 students gave good or high appraisal toward education process with the percentage of 68,4%, and the rest 18 students gave less good or low rating with the percentage of 31,6%. Based on class, class XII grade with the number of 33 respondents, 23 of them gave good appraisal of 69,7% and the remaining 10 students gave poor appraisal of 30,3%. While class XI grade with the number of 24 respondents, 16 of them gave good appraisal of 66,7%, and the remaining 8 students gave less good or low appraisal of 33,3%.

Keywords: Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan, Metode Quality Function Deployment.


The history of archaeology, largely written for archaeologists by archaeologists, has rarely ventured into the history of ideas. This lacuna is surprising, as the few times that historians of ideas have examined the history of archaeology, their contributions have improved understandings of the field's disciplinary past. Arnaldo Momigliano (1950) was the first to propose an intellectual history of antiquarians. It was not until the 1970s and 1980s, however, that Momigliano's ideas affected the history of archaeology. At that time, Stuart Piggott (1989) published on the antiquarian imagination, and Krysztoff Pomian (1987) analysed the relationships between antiquarians and collections. Similarly, in the field of prehistoric archaeology, Wiktor Stoczkowski (1994) examined the pre-scientific ideas that had shaped modern narratives in human evolution, and, from a broader perspective, Bruce G. Trigger published his influential Ahistory of archaeological thought (1989). As these examples illustrate, the history of ideas has inspired interesting scholarly works on the history of archaeology, albeit in relatively limited numbers.


Extra government officials` system in Song Dynasty is a special historic phenomenon in the bureaucrat history of ancient China. Extra government official is an informal member of the government officials. In Song Dynasty, the central government strengthened the management of special and large extra government officials.


Introduction Over the last decade we have witnessed a number of changes in the ways in which schooling and education are conceptualised in Australia. For example the nexus between education, training, and the world of work has been more clearly defined, with a concomitant focus on the development of competencies that are seen to be key to the promotion of a productive Australian workforce. The identification of eight key learning areas, and the development of Curriculum Frameworks within these learning areas has sparked considerable debate within the education community concerning the ways in which we define areas of learning and the ways in which these are to be addressed.


Copyright © 2017 by The Korean Geriatric Society This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Finger Tap Reaction Time as an Independent Prognostic Factor for Functional Outcome in Older Adults


Item Count Technique (ICT) serves the purpose of estimating the proportion of the people with stigmatizing attributes using the indirect questioning method. An improved ICT has been recently proposed in the literature (not requiring two subsamples and hence free from finding optimum subsample sizes unlike the usual ICT) in a classical framework that performs better than the usual ICT and the Warner method of Randomized Response (RR) technique. This study extends the scope of this recently proposed ICT in a Bayesian framework using dierent priors in order to derive posterior distributions, posterior means and posterior variances. The posterior means and variances are compared in order to study which prior is more helpful in updating the item count technique. Moreover, we have compared the Proposed Bayesian estimation with Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation. We have observed that simple and elicited Beta priors are superior choices (in terms of minimum variance), depending on the sample size, number of items and the sum of responses. Also, the Bayesian estimation provides relatively more precise estimators than the ML Estimation.


While generic medication rebranding is a recognized cause for higher drug costs in the intensive care unit (ICU),[1][1],[2][2] the impact of rebranding on the practices and perceptions of ICU clinicians remains unclear. Generic parenteral vasopressin (GPV), at an average wholesale price (AWP) of $8.


Following a general review of published methods, the paper describes the Bureau Veritas procedure for predicting seaworthiness of ocean going ships with respect to wave impacts. The method is based on a probabilistic approach proposed by Kawakami and Tanaka which allows the long-term prediction of whipping moment stresses through the short term cumulative probability functions and sea state data. It has been introduced in the computer program chain for calculation of ship behaviour in waves. A calculated example is presented and theoretical and experimental results are compared.


Stirrer crystallization of a trans-1,4-polyisoprene fraction(Mn = 3 × 105) was carried out from n-butyl acetate and from n-heptane solutions (2% w/v). Fibrous crystals in the s form were obtained at temperatures of 46-48°C in the two solvents, respectively. At 36-46°C from n-butyl acetate and 25-35°C from n-heptane lamellar crystallization took place leading predominantly to the α form. Melting endotherms and densities for various samples were obtained. The maximum TENDO for α was 74°C and for s 79°C and the maximum weight fraction crystallinity for s was 0.78. The stability of performed α nuclei in n-butyl acetate and n-heptane using a fraction with Mn = 2.5 × 105 was monitored as a function of temperature. The dissolution temperature of fibrous s-TPI with the maximum TENDO was measured in 13 liquids and the results analyzed in terms of the Flory-Huggins parameter. The heats of fusion for the α and s forms, obtained by extrapolation of heat of fusion versus change in specific volume, were found to be 8.0 and 10 kJ mol−1, respectively. The pressure coefficients of the melting temperature were calculated to be 38 and 43 K kbar−1 and the fold-surface free energies recalculated to be 42 ± 1 and 53 ± 1 erg cm−2 for the α and s forms, respectively. The number of monomer units per average noncrystalline chain traverse for the most crystalline fibrous s-TPI was estimated at 36.


An alternative optimization algorithm is the sequential quadratic programming(SQP) which is suitable for continuous nonlinear objective functions such as the input impedance, gain, pattern shape and so on, with both equality and inequality constraints. The basic principle of sequential approximations is to replace the given nonlinear problem by a sequence of subproblems that are easier to solve. Convergence is typically achieved in a few iterations, and therefore their interface with rigorous but expensive numerical antenna analysis codes is much more practical. We examine, with an example, the performance of a general SQP code for designing patch antennas in conjunction with a finite element-boundary integral code.


Recently, information system operation becomes more important because of increasing size of information system and outsourcing the system operation. However, it is not easy for customers to judge the validity of the system operation cost. To provide information which helps the judgment, we analyzed factors which affect system operation cost. Working time of system operation service provider has the strong relationship to the cost. So, if customers know the working time, they estimate the cost properly. However, it is difficult for customers to know the working time generally. So, we assumed that customers estimate unit cost and working time, to speculate total operation cost roughly. To help the estimation, we analyzed factors affected working time and unit cost. The analysis results show that working time is settled based on the software size and the number of users, and the unit cost of the engineers increases when network range of the system is wide.


The mechanized harvesting process of sugarcane seedlings affects the mechanized planting operation in the sense that straw adhered to the billet can reduce the quantity of non-viable gems obtained as a result of mechanical damage sustained during the mechanized operation. This study proposes a method to improve the quality of the implantation of sugarcane crop by prevention of damages caused mainly during October/November, when adverse climatic conditions of higher water stresses and high temperatures exist. The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of the sugarcane planting operation using seedlings with and without straw, distributed by planters and distributors of chopped sugarcane, and comparing their performance to that of semimechanized planting. The study was conducted at Fazenda Santa Clara, located in Pradópolis São Paulo, Brazil and considered five processes: mechanized planting of seedlings without straw, mechanized planting of seedlings with straw, mechanized distribution of seedlings without straw, mechanized distribution of seedlings with straw, and semi-mechanized planting. Fifty sample points were used to collect data for each process, as per the principles of Statistical Process Control. The number of unfeasible gems and faults in the stand reduced with the presence of straw in the grinding wheel, in addition to less variability being presented. The presence of straw in the billet enabled the best overall quality of sugarcane plantation.


Investigations of the elastic properties of the main rock-forming minerals were begun by T.V. Ryzhova and K.S. Aleksandrov over 30 years ago on the initiative of B.P. Belikov. At the time, information on the elasticity of single crystals in general, and especially of minerals, was very scanty. In the surveys of that time there was information on the elasticity of 20 or 30 minerals. These, as a rule, did not include the main rock-forming minerals; silicates were represented only by garnets, quartz, topaz, tourmaline, zircon, beryl, and staurolite, which are often found in nature in the form of large and fairly high-quality crystals. Then and even much later it was still necessary to prove a supposition which now seems obvious: The elastic properties of rocks, and hence the velocities of elastic (seismic) waves in the earth`s crust, are primarily determined by the elastic characteristics of the minerals composing these rocks. Proof of this assertion, with rare exceptions of mono-mineralic rocks (marble, quartzite, etc.) cannot be obtained without information on the elasticities of a sufficiently large number of minerals, primarily framework, layer, and chain silicates which constitute the basis of most rocks. This also served as the starting point and mainmore » problem of the undertakings of Aleksandrov, Ryzhova, and Belikov - systematic investigations of the elastic properties of minerals and then of various rocks. 108 refs., 7 tabs.« less


Objective To investigate the expression of Beclin1 and LC3 in the tissue of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and to evaluate the relationship of them. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of Beclin1 and LC3 protein in 50 patients of IDC and nearby mucosa of the carcinoma. The relationship between the gene expression and clinicopathological features was analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of Beclin1 in IDC (44%, 22/50) was significantly lower than that in nearby mucosa of the carcinoma (100%, 50/50). The positive expression rate of LC3 in IDC (40%, 20/50) was significantly lower than that in nearby mucosa of the carcinoma (92%, 46/50). The expression of Beclin1 and LC3 were correlated with the clinicopathological features, tissue types and neck lymph node metastasis in IDC (P0.05), but showed no correlation with ages, menopausal status, nipple infringement status, and the patients' ER and PR dependence (P0.05). The expression of Beclin1 was not correlated with the expression of LC3. Conclusion Expression of Beclin1 and LC3 is down-regulated in IDC tissues, which might be related to the tumorigenesis and development of IDC.


The electrocaloric effect (ECE) depends on the sudden change of the polarization field during ferroelectric phase transition near the Curie temperature. Similarly, giant ECE can be found enormously during the domain structure transition from multidomain to monodomain process in ferroelectrics. To reveal the mechanism with the effects of the electric inclusions, the ECE of PbTiO3 (PTO) ferroelectric solids under electric loads is investigated by phase-field simulation. The giant ECEs of ferroelectric materials containing three kinds of electric inclusions, namely, air, silicone oil, and water, are discussed in detail under applied electric fields. The results suggest that an unusual ultrahigh negative ECE (−9.30 K) and a large EC strength (∆T/∆E=0.237 KmMV−1 are achieved near room temperature (about 50°C) in ferroelectrics containing water inclusion. The results indicate that electric inclusions generate high electrostatic energy under electric loads to break through the energy barrier and play an importation role in the ECE. In summary, the works may provide a better way to obtain the giant ECE and large EC strength close to room temperature by effectively regulating the dielectric constant of the electric inclusion and the increment of the applied electric field.


(*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this T Chen e t al., ...txt E. in Mill patent is extended or adjusted under 35 tration , Proceedings of the , Vol. So, No. 5, U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. ay F. Lavagetto, et al., "Lipreadable Frame Animation Driven by Speech Parameters", 1994 International Symposium on (21) Appl. No.: 09/494,582 Speech, Image Processing and Neural Networks, Apr. (22) Filed: Jan. 31, 2000 13-16, 1994, Hong Kong.


The present invention discloses a polarity inversion driving method, driving device and a liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal display relates to the technical field of reduced flicker caused by inversion POL. The polarity inversion driving method for inverting the polarity of the pixel on the liquid crystal panel, comprising: generating a reference signal polarity inversion, the polarity inversion reference signal for each line on the liquid crystal panel reflecting pixel electrode of selection; generating a control signal, said control signal comprising a control level generated in the m frames, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2; level of the control width of the m frame in each frame in time when the control sequence is gradually increased to a level equal to the width of a long; Alternatively, the control level width m in the frame in each frame in chronological order decreased from a length equal to zero; the reference signal and the polarity inversion control signal, generating a polarity inversion signal.


Solutions for the templates are available as downloads from the Instructor's Resources web site. Each
solution template contains the instruction sheet given to the student, the exercise or problem as given to
the student, and the solution.


The content of heavy metal Cr in Panax pseudo-ginseng var.notoginseng from Wenshan,Yunnan Province was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS).The effects of the two pre-treatments,dry ashing method and wet digestion method,on the Cr content determination were studied.The correlation coefficient of the method was 0.9993.The recovery of dry ashing method was 95.02%,while the recovery of wet digestion method was 93.03%.The results suggested that the optimum condition for the dry ashing method was at 500—600℃ for 6—8h,and that for the wet digestion method was HNO3∶HClO4(V/V)=4∶1 digestion system.The content of Cr in Panax pseudo-ginseng var.notoginseng can be determined accurately by AAS via the pre-treatment of dry ashing method or wet digestion method at ambient pressure,and both methods are simple and rapid.The content of heavy metal Cr in Panax pseudo-ginseng var.notoginseng from Wenshan,Yunnan Province is 1.8178μg/g.


Water saturation determination is one of the most important tasks in reservoir studies to predict oil and gas in place needed to be calculated with more accuracy. The estimation of this important reservoir parameter is commonly determined by various well logs data and by applying some correlations that may not be so accurate in some real practical cases, especially for carbonate reservoirs. Since laboratory core analysis data have a high accuracy, in this study, it is attempted to use core and geological core description data to present an improved method to determine an optimized cementation factor (m) and a saturation exponent (n) in order to evaluate water saturation within carbonate reservoirs compared to default values (m=2, n=2, a=1) in a carbonate gas reservoir located in the Persian Gulf. Based on integrating core petrography and velocity deviation log (VDL), core samples were classified based on the type of porosity and geology description, and then by employing log-log plots of formation resistivity factor (FRF) versus porosity and formation resistivity index (FRI) versus water saturation, saturation parameters (m,n) were determined for each classification. Utilizing default and optimized values of saturation parameters, water saturation logs were obtained through different conductivity models by employing Multi min algorithm. Then, optimized water saturation was compared to core data. Error analysis showed that water saturation data resulted in optimized saturation parameters having a lower average error of 0.08 compared to the default ones with an average error of 0.14, and based on cumulative histogram, optimized water saturation data are in good agreement with the trend of core water saturation.


A low dispersion 2-GHz comparator is an essential part of the latest automated VLSI tester by Teradyne Inc. With each new and faster CMOS logic VLSI microchips, faster and more precise comparators are needed to verify that the static discipline is being met on the many pins of the integrated circuit. As the error in the comparator is lowered, the VLSI production yield is greatly increased because of greater certainty of the measurements. The comparator described within is designed to test a variety of CMOS logic levels at the expected logic levels and rise-times of the near future. The result is a Si-Ge integrated comparator with 12psec of dispersion by detailed simulation awaiting fabrication.


Hypertension is a frequent occurrence in poliomyelitis. In a 1950 epidemic in Chicago it occurred in about one-third of all cases.
 Hypertension was generally of transitory nature, although in two instances it was prolonged.
 Hypertension was three times more frequent in patients with paralysis than in nonparalytic patients. It was most common in respirator cases.
 The incidence of hypertension was not related to the localization of paralysis, emotional factors, anoxia, sympathetic system involvement or kidney involvement. Therefore, it is inferred that it is probably of central origin.


The essay details the basic principle and theory support in the establishment of content system of equipment support training based on the analysis of the characteristics and requirement of equipment support in the integrated joint operations.With respect to the practice of equipment support training in the PLA,a new training content system is put forward which is based on mission requirements,centered on support practice and oriented to the integrated course as well.It concludes with the building of the structural model and frame of equipment support training content system,which may ultimately provide a theory reference for the PLA's transformation of equipment support training in the future.


Community-based learning integrates problem-based service-learning, volunteerism, and experiential learning across a variety of disciplines in academic and community-based settings.  The Community-Based Learning Impact Scale is an instrument developed to measure the impact of community-based learning on a liberal arts university campus. Scale items were generated from focus groups, literature, and existing scales. The goal of this pilot test was to refine wording and scale format while providing preliminary results for the utility of the scale.  The instrument is a 43-item measure with 33 items representing proposed constructs civic engagement, institutional/community relations, academic learning, psychological wellbeing, and professional development. An end-of-quarter email was sent to students enrolled in CBL courses asking them to participate in an online survey assessing their CBL experiences.  One hundred and ninety-seven students responded to this survey: 77% undergraduate and 23% graduate students.  Results revealed that, overall; students reported that their CBL experience increased their capacities across multiple personal and professional indicators. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis suggested that a 3-factor model fit the data better than the proposed 5-factor model.


Our overall goal is to develop a new generation of electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) with a quantum efficiency (QE) more than an order of magnitude higher and a spatial resolution equivalent to that of EPIDs currently used for portal imaging. A novel design of such a high QE flat-panel based EPID was introduced recently and its feasibility was investigated theoretically [see Pang and Rowlands, Med. Phys. 31, 3004 (2004)]. In this work, we constructed a prototype single-pixel detector based on the novel design. Some fundamental imaging properties including the QE, spatial resolution, and sensitivity of the prototype detector were measured with a 6 MV beam. It has been shown that the experimental results agree well with theoretical predictions and further development based on the novel design including the construction of a prototype area detector is warranted.


Since the work of Clark, Hadley and Clhaplin was puiblished on " Fibroid Disease of the Lungs " in 1894, a number of papers have been writteni on small collections of instances of this disease, or on inidividual cases, but so far no work appears to have been published giving the results of examination of a number of such cases by modern methods, e.g., X-rays, etc. We have been fortunate in having had under our supervision a consi(lerable number of patients suffering from this disease and have investigatecl these patients by clinical, bacteriological and other methods, and by X-rays, and the results obtained seem worth recording, with a view to obtaining more general recognition of the occurrence of this disease. Sex. The disease was found to ocecur equtallv ill the two sexes. This accords with the experience of other writers. Age. Fibrosis of the, lungs may occur in children of any age. Not infrequently it occurs in children of uinder one year andI we have records of cases, diagnosed on clinical evidence alone, under two years of age. Owing to thw difficulty of obtaining blood in such cases we have not been able to investigate them as fully as the older children, but the evidlence obtaine(d from these older children is sufficient to warrant us in believing that the disease may be diagnosed in infancy. Of our cases, the incidence was greatest in children from a to 10 years of age. Clark. Hadley and Chaplin showed that the incidence of the disease was greatest in patients under 1 years of age. The age incidence noted by these and other writers is rather above what we have stated, but this discrepancy appears to be due to the fact that these writers have included among their records a number of cases of bronchiectasis, which we regard as being more in the nature of a sequela of the disease. Family History. Examiniation of the family history shows a marked contrast with that usually obtained in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in children, where a large percentage show a history of contact with a case of tuberculosis. In fibrosis stuch a history is exceedingly uncommon. Of 37 cases examined, in only two was there definite history of a member of the family suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. There appears to be no special familial tendency to fibrosis and in our cases no other members of the family were affected.


Abstract In the world of Renewable Energies and in particular in the Wind Energy Sector, one can find a tremendous amount of power installed thought wind turbines all over the world. This market has been developing in a very small amount of time, and it clearly lacks of a solid theoretical structure to be served. The objective of this analysis is to develop a business model that can be applied to any country or region in the world. As examples, the markets of Spain, Italy and Brazil have been taken.
The reason is that, these three countries represent the three types of markets that one can find. A mature market like it is Spain, which occupies a very significant position. Its installed Power exceeds 23 GW. Only Germany, USA and China go beyond this figure. However, the Spanish wind farms are those who reach the highest performance in terms of electricity or potential served to the general electric network. Concerning the service of maintenance for wind farms Spain holds the second place turnover wise since the American and Chinese market are younger in this area and require less maintenance at the moment. And last but not least an intermediate market like Italy and a strong emerging market like Brazil.
Moreover, within the wind turbines one can find two types which are clearly distinguishable in respect of the applied technology for generating the electricity which afterwards is delivered to the network. The multipolar type (with about 10% of the market) or through gearboxes and generators (=Power train) (with about 90% of the market). The aim of this document is only the Power train type. In addition, my doctoral thesis will deal with the investigation of the Corporate Strategic Business Model for the introduction and development of the gearbox service in the wind sector. With a sole focus on ?On-Shore? Services (services on the ground, not at sea shore).
Until two years ago approximately, the world leading manufacturers within the wind turbine sector were European manufacturers. Nowadays one can find also Chinese brands which are still having some difficulties to fully enter in the business.
Generally speaking, the manufacturers of the turbines acquire the gearboxes from manufacturer specialists when manufacturing the turbine. This is the case of MOVENTAS, my company (www.moventas.com). On European level, Moventas holds the third place in manufacturing and the fifth place at global level. It?s present in the ten most important countries for Renewable Energies. Its turnover in 2009 was 237 million Euros.
Abstract XXVI It has to be emphasized that until two years ago, when the wind crisis started, the wind market was characterized by a quasi-exponential growth, where the manufacturing companies, such as those of turbines as well as those of any other specialist components, didn?t paid attention to service and maintenance of wind farms in general and of wind turbines in particular. The waiting times for the delivery of a wind turbine exceeded two years and almost in no case they were repaired.
With the arrival of the Global 2008 financial crisis the companies weren?t fabricating any longer the same quantities as usual, since there was a significant reduction in the installation of wind farms. This macroeconomic phenomenon obliged the companies to focus more on the direct service. The battle of introducing those companies in the service of wind turbines started about two years ago. The servicemarket is slow, where transactions vary between 30.000 euros and 300.000 euros.
It?s a very specialized field where it wins who disposes of the best corporate and commercial model. Moventas expects a turnover of about 100 million euros this year, a 30% more than last year.
The thesis will have an introductive part where the product and the market would be presented. I would investigate what has been done in the past, what was requested by the market, how the reaction of the manufacturing companies of wind turbines was and how gearbox specialists reacted. Which is the current situation on the market, which is the actual infrastructure, what are they doing right now, which are the facts which govern this small market at the moment, which variants are there, which alternatives can they offer, which relation have the customers between them, the maintainers of the wind farms, the manufacturers of the turbines and the manufacturers of the components, which alliances are the most advantageous, where are the commercial limits. Which route has to be taken in the future, what consequences has going ahead with new ideas, how they are accepted in the general market and which limitations they will identify.
To sum up, the thesis would have two parts. One that shows what is the actual status, and a second one that studies a potential business model to be applied. In my function as General Director of Moventas South Europe and North Africa, these are under my responsibility. Additionally I hold responsibility of Global Account Manager for all Iberian companies in the wind sector. That means I`m responsible for Iberdrola, Acciona Energia, Acciona WindPower, EDP and Gamesa.


Abstract : The paper presents the basic considerations behind sight-time stabilization. The equations of motion that relate the general pitch, toll and yaw motions of a vehicle hull to the traverse and elevation angles of a sight- line fixed to the hull are developed. A detailed mathematical model of a feedback control system that will accomplish sight-line stabilization is developed, and a numerical optimization is performed on a simplified version of this detailed model. The optimization routine used is described in reference.


In this proof-of-principle study, we present our contribution to single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICPMS) developments with a novel in-house built data acquisition system with nanosecond time resolution (nsDAQ) and a matching data processing approach. The new system can continuously sample the secondary electron multiplier (SEM) detector signal and enables the detection of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) as small as 7 nm with a commercial single quadru-pole ICPMS instrument. Recording of the SEM signal by the nsDAQ is performed with a dwell time of approximately 4 ns. A tailored method was developed to process this type of transient data, which is based on determining the temporal dis-tance between detector events that is denoted as event gap (EG). We found that the inverse logarithm of EG is proportional to the particle size and the number of detector events corresponding to a particle signal distribution can be used to calibrate and determine the particle number concentration of a nanoparticle dispersion. Due to the high data acquisition frequency, a statistically significant number of data points can be obtained in under 30 s and the main measurement time limitation for analyses is merely the sample uptake time and rinsing step between analyte solutions.


A research team led by a scholar from City University of Hong Kong (CityU) has recently developed a novel artificial intelligence (AI) framework that can make synergistic anti-cancer drug combination predictions on both the therapeutic and toxic effects. The study revealed the potential of applying AI and machine learning to discover effective combinations in therapies for cancer and other complex diseases.


" Laibose." A concentrated food prepared from whole wheat and the solids of milk, to be taken with water as desired.?Fairchild Bros. & Foster, New York. Agents'Burroughs, Wellcome & Co., London.?The analytic9, reports issued with this preparation gives the protein content as 18 per cent., fat 17 per cent., carbohydrate 55 per cent, mineral ash 4 per cent. Our examination showed the presence of those constituents


As previously reported, the concentration ofiron in serum decreases and that of ferritin increases following the stress of open-heart surgery (Clin Chem 1984;29:1984-6). However, the temporal relation of these alterations could not be accurately assessed in that study because of an initial increase in the iron concentration due to autotransfusion of blood. Here we report the changes in iron and ferritin concentration in the serum of six patients having surgery for repair of inguinal hernias. Blood was drawn on admission and within 4 to 6 h after the start of surgery, and again on the day after surgery. Serum iron was determined in the s c (CV 3.6% at 980 1z fL) and serum ferritin was determined by the Corning I radioimmunoassay (CV 5.2% at 210 ig/L). Within 4 to 6 h the mean decrease in serum iron concentration for the six patients was 31% (SD 9%). The concentration of ferritin in serum did not change significantly during these 4 to 6 h, but did increase by 13% (SD 12%) 24 h after surgery.


A simple method is presented for detg. the relative band strengths in the electronic spectra of diat. mols. for which the product of the Franck-Condon factor and the r-centroid is �1 for the (0, 0) band. The results for the Swan bands of C2 indicate good agreement with the smooth array of exptl. values. [on SciFinder(R)]


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method for producing a flow of the alkylated aromatic compound from at least partially untreated stream for alkylation of an aromatic compound containing catalyst poisons and the stream of the alkylating agent, comprising the following steps: (a) contacting said stream for alkylation of aromatic compounds containing said catalyst poisons, with a treatment composition in the treatment zone separate from the reaction zone an alkylation process conditions to remove at least a portion of these catalyst poisons and produce a treated effluent stream which comprises the treated capable alkylated aromatic compound and reduced amounts of catalyst poisons, said treating composition comprising a porous crystalline material which has a ratio of surface area to volume ratio of more than 30 inches -1 (12 cm -1 ). Processing with said conditions includes a temperature of from 30 to 300 °C; (b) periodically supplying a flow of an alkylating agent into said treatment zone together with said at least partially untreated capable of alkylation of aromatic compounds to achieve the increase in temperature caused by an exothermic reaction between said alkylating agent and said at least partially untreated capable of alkylation of aromatic compounds in the presence of said treatment composition under the above processing conditions, said increase in temperature determines the degree of aging of said treatment composition; wherein the periodic supply of the alkylating agent means that the alkylating agent is fed into the processing zone at intervals of 1 second to 24 hours or more, and then feeding is stopped for periods from 1 minute up to 15 days or more; and (c) contacting said treated for alkylation of aromatic compounds in said exhaust stream and an alkylating agent with a catalyst composition in said reaction zone an alkylation separate from said treatment zone, at least partially liquid phase conditions catalytic conversion to obtain an alkylated effluent which includes the additional amount of an alkylated aromatic compound, said catalyst composition comprises a porous crystalline material having a skeleton structure type selected from the group consisting of FAU, BEA, MOR, MWW, and mixtures thereof, wherein said at least partially liquid phase conditions the catalytic conversion include a temperature 100 to 300 °C, a pressure of from 689 to 4,601 kPa, a molar ratio of treated for alkylation of the aromatic compound to alkylating agent of from 0.01:1 to 25:1 and a weight hourly space velocity of the feed (WHSV), based on the component of the alkylating agent from 0.5 to 500 ppm -1 . EFFECT: technical result - reduction of catalyst poisons. 25 cl, 3 tbl, 9 ex


In this project a preliminary design of a 24 meter sailing yacht is undertaken. The yacht is going to be used for charter in unrestricted area. The intention is to cover most aspects that are of major importance of the preliminary design, however the main focus is on the structural design. The ambition is to produce a preliminary design that can be carried on to a final design without any large changes.


CONCLUSIONS  Growth is a complex process influenced by several genetic factors both pre and postnatal, in which 80% of the height variation is explained by genetic factors. Nevertheless, the standard medical evaluation of short stature (SS) relies upon physical examination and laboratory parameters and identifies a pathological cause of SS in 1–40% of individuals.  Rearrangements affecting chromosome 15 are rare and affected patients show a variety of nonspecific features, including complex congenital malformations, growth deficiency, and developmental delay.


Lignin in lignocellulosic biomass is the only renewable source for aromatic compounds, and effective valorization of lignin remains a significant challenge in biomass conversion processes. We have performed density functional theory calculations and experiments to investigate the cleavage mechanism of the C–O ether bond in the lignin model compound 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol with a β-O-4 linkage over a Pd(111) catalyst surface model. We propose the favorable reaction pathway to proceed as follows: the dilignol reactant gets dehydrogenated first on the α-carbon and then on the −OH group to generate its corresponding ketone 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanone; the ketone continues to get dehydrogenated on the β-carbon by first a equilibrated keto–enol tautomerization to its enol form and then −OH dehydrogenation; the C–O ether bond cleavage happens afterward, leading to one-aromatic-ring surface intermediates followed by hydrogenation to yield acetophenone and phenol.


Purpose: Early detection of prostate cancer can increase the curative success rate for prostate cancer. We studied the diagnostic usefulness of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts as well as the combination of prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) RNA and TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts in urinary sediments after digital rectal examination (DRE). Experimental Design: A total of 78 men with prostate cancer–positive biopsies and 30 men with prostate cancer–negative biopsies were included in this study. After DRE, the first voided urine was collected, and urinary sediments were obtained. We used semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) analysis followed by Southern blot hybridization with a radiolabeled probe for the detection TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts in these urinary sediments. A quantitative RT-PCR assay for PCA3 was used to determine the PCA3 score in the same sediments. Results: TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts can be detected in the urine after DRE with a sensitivity of 37%. In this cohort of patients, the PCA3-based assay had a sensitivity of 62%. When both markers were combined, the sensitivity increased to 73%. Especially in the cohort of men with persistently elevated serum prostate-specific antigen levels and history of negative biopsies, the high positive predictive value of 94% of TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcripts could give a better indication which patients require repeat biopsies. Conclusion: In this report, we used for the first time the combination of the prostate cancer–specific biomarkers TMPRSS2-ERG and PCA3, which significantly improves the sensitivity for prostate cancer diagnosis.


Cellular senescence is a cell fate caused by multiple stresses. A 2008 article in PLOS Biology reported a senescence-associated secretory phenotype that can promote inflammation and cancer, eventually enabling the development of senolytic drugs.


Studies suggest that activation of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase‐Akt may protect against neuronal cell death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, however, we provide evidence of increased Akt activation, and hyperphosphorylation of critical Akt substrates in AD brain, which link to AD pathogenesis, suggesting that treatments aiming to activate the pathway in AD need to be considered carefully. A different distribution of Akt and phospho‐Akt was detected in AD temporal cortex neurons compared with control neurons, with increased levels of active phosphorylated‐Akt in particulate fractions, and significant decreases in Akt levels in AD cytosolic fractions, causing increased activation of Akt (phosphorylated‐Akt/total Akt ratio) in AD. In concordance, significant increases in the levels of phosphorylation of total Akt substrates, including: GSK3βSer9, tauSer214, mTORSer2448, and decreased levels of the Akt target, p27kip1, were found in AD temporal cortex compared with controls. A significant loss and altered distribution of the major negative regulator of Akt, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), was also detected in AD neurons. Loss of phosphorylated‐Akt and PTEN‐containing neurons were found in hippocampal CA1 at end stages of AD. Taken together, these results support a potential role for aberrant control of Akt and PTEN signalling in AD.


Derms will need to take a more comprehensive approach to age management that will demand more than knowing how to inject the latest filler or toxin or dial in a laser setting.


Abstract Chemical composition of the essential oil isolated by hydrodistillation from the aerial blooming parts of Bidens cernua was analyzed. By GC and GC/MS analysis, 16 components were identified (70.1% of the total oil). The plant material yielded 0.5% (v/w) of gold-yellowish liquid with intensive, unpleasant and heavy scent. The principal compound was identified as 1-phenylhepta-1,3,5-triyne (57.1%), followed by sesquiterpenes caryophyllene oxide, humulene-1,2-epoxide and α-selinene (3.0%, 3.1% and 1.1% respectively), as well as (E,E)-1,3,11-tridecatriene-5,7,9-triyne (1.8%).


The Next Generation Nuclear Plant Project Graphite Research and Development program is currently establishing the safe operating envelope of graphite core components for a very high temperature reactor design. To meet this goal, the program is generating the extensive amount of quantitative data necessary for predicting the behavior and operating performance of the available nuclear graphite grades. In order determine the in-service behavior of the graphite for the latest proposed designs, two main programs are underway. The first, the Advanced Graphite Creep (AGC) program, is a set of experiments that are designed to evaluate the irradiated properties and behavior of nuclear grade graphite over a large spectrum of temperatures, neutron fluences, and compressive loads. Despite the aggressive experimental matrix that comprises the set of AGC test runs, a limited amount of data can be generated based upon the availability of space within the Advanced Test Reactor and the geometric constraints placed on the AGC specimens that will be inserted. In order to supplement the AGC data set, the Baseline Graphite Characterization program will endeavor to provide supplemental data that will characterize the inherent property variability in nuclear-grade graphite without the testing constraints of the AGC program. This variability in propertiesmore » is a natural artifact of graphite due to the geologic raw materials that are utilized in its production. This variability will be quantified not only within a single billet of as-produced graphite, but also from billets within a single lot, billets from different lots of the same grade, and across different billets of the numerous grades of nuclear graphite that are presently available. The thorough understanding of this variability will provide added detail to the irradiated property data, and provide a more thorough understanding of the behavior of graphite that will be used in reactor design and licensing. This report covers the development of the Baseline Graphite Characterization program from a testing and data collection standpoint through the completion of characterization on the first billet of nuclear-grade graphite. This data set is the starting point for all future evaluations and comparisons of material properties.« less


The equilibrium plasma rotation in a general toroidal magnetic field is nearly always subsonic and is determined by the requirement that the collisional particle transport should be ambipolar in lowest order in the small-ion-gyroradius expansion. Only in quasi-symmetric fields, where collisional particle transport is intrinsically ambipolar, can the plasma rotate freely and then only in the quasi-symmetry direction. Sonic rotation velocities are allowed in this case. In this paper the effect of rotation in a quasi-axisymmetric field is investigated, and it is found that the symmetry is broken when the rotation speed exceeds the diamagnetic speed appreciably, leading to reappearance of the non-intrinsically ambipolar 1/ν-transport regime. Fortunately, this transport scales with the fourth power of the rotation Mach number and is expected to be modest in most plasmas of interest.


A model theory is proposed to introduce both the mass of the matter field and the repulsive gravitational potential between matters within the framework of Minkowski's space-time. In consideration of the expansion of universe, the conformal invariant equations for two coup led scalar fields are taken as starting equations. By two procedures breaking conformal invariancy, it is shown that one field is the negative energy field and the self consistent mass equations, while they allow zero for the negative energy field, allow a non zero value for the mass of the other field. The negative energy field, in the energy density, is replaced by the repulsive adiabatic potential with a retardation effect. The transformed energy density docs not satisfy the usual. equal-time commutator of energy density which is valid for the ordinary system of fields with spin;:--::;:1. The additive potential is introduced so that the total energy density satisfies the usual energy density commutator. The total Hamiltonian is shown to be nothing but the one which gives the post Newtonian equation of Einstein, Infelcl and Hoffmann for the two-body problem in the general relativity. § L Introduction In spite of many approaches to the quantization of the gravitational field in the theory of the general relativity, there are neither necessary reasons for the quantization of the general relativity nor experimental evidence for the ex istence of the gravitational wave. On the other hand, since the general rela tivity has little to do with the ordinary theory of fields in Minkowski's space time, there are attempts to yield the same result as that of the general relativi ty standing on the usual theory of fields in Minkowski's space-time. As an example, there has been the approach of Gupta.l) l--Ie introduced a graviton with spin 2 and mass 0 and obtained the Lagrangian density for the graviton coupled with the matter field by the successive approximation method so as to bring about the energy-momentum density of the system on the right-hand side of the equation for the graviton as the source term. However, unless the experi mental evidence of the graviton exists, it may be no more than the expansion of the general relativity on Minkowski's space-time, though the equivalence prin ciple may be derived from the existence of the spin 2 particle with mass 0 and the Lorentz invariancy of S-matrix as shown by Weinberg. 2 l


Characterization of electronic devices is one of the main objectives in an electronics lab, where the data from lab measurements are compared with that of theoretical predictions. This can ensure detection of faulty electronic devices before connecting them in a bigger circuitry. On the other hand, manually taking repetitive measurements using power supplies and multimeters at various operating points of a given device can be laborious, especially when many such devices has to be tested. In this paper we present a fully automated Arduino based system which does not use any external instruments other than power supplies. Once an electronic device is positioned and appropriate modes are chosen, the system will plot its required characteristics and extract parameters on an excel sheet in a serially interfaced PC. We have successfully carried out the fully automated V-I characterization of a diode, transfer and output characteristics of a MOSFET and the input and output characteristics of a BJT. The individual circuits and their associated scripts are combined using device selection switches for better utilization of system resources.


This paper investigated application of web 2.0 to private university libraries of northern part of Nigeria based on Mannes theory which emphasizes on changing scenario of librarianship with the presence of the web, (10) private university libraries website which are of quality and ICT compliant by Nigerian standard were surveyed to identify the presence of web 2.0 tool application and purpose for application. Only (4) 40% had applied web 2.0 tool, the most applied web tool was WebOPAC followed by social networking sites, and (1) private university library had applied RSS, no other web tool have been applied. Even with the web 2.0 boom and advantages web 2.0 provides to library professional for interaction, the application is still very much low in Nigerian libraries. The study recommends Training of library professionals, provision of ICT infrastructure, restructuring of library school curriculum.


The invention relates to an application method of a three dimensional in-row wire drawing sheet material in IML technology, and the three dimensional in-row wire drawing sheet material structure uses acrylic and polycarbonate as the base material, and employs coextrusion method for formation; an acrylic surface is processed by wire drawing method , and then appropriate high voltage parameter is selected for high pressure processing and forming; the technology for coating a layer of PMMA to PC material and the raw material technology for making wire drawing solve the problem that the three dimensional moulding processing can not be carried out on the traditional wire drawing sheet material. The application method has the advantages of simple technology and simple equipment, thereby effectively improving the quality and efficiency of the product with popularization value.


The RATP, main transit operator (buses, metro, and RER) in the Paris area, has always adjusted its techniques to passenger needs, thus playing a leading role in French industry. Today, passenger expectations, technology and telecommunications have nerged in the creation of the contactless pass. It has been developed in several cities which have grouped together to build a standard, a sort of generic city pass. This product has become the common property of a growing number of towns testing or installing it.


Bitmap index is widely used in archiving and searching of Internet traffic, which is an essential step for analyzing network events in the field of network forensics. However, bitmap index requires a large storage space for fast searching in archival data. As current state-of-the-art bitmap index compression techniques, various encoding algorithms have been proposed, e.g. WAH, PLWAH, COMPAX, etc. With the advantages of fast query speed and easy implementation, PLWAH is an outstanding encoding scheme to encode the sparse dirty bits in bitmap index. Unfortunately, for searching Internet traffic, the constructed bitmap index can be quite dense locally according to the statistics. This is because that Internet traffic are usually composed of the flows with the same five tuple (SrcIP, SrcPort, DstIP, DstPort, proto). In this paper, SPLWAH is proposed to adapt to Internet traffic based on PLWAH. In SPLWAH, a new codebook is introduced to fit the characteristics of Internet traffic. We also conduct several performance evaluation experiments based on real network flow data from CAIDA. The results show that SPLWAH reduces the space consumption with a factor of 20% or more without incurring extra encoding and decoding cost. This work also shows that the design space in bitmap index compression is still a fruitful unknown frontier and worth further exploring to adapt to the emerging data spaces.


Based on the study of WSN security dimension, the definition of WSN threat model, and thethorough discussion of the mapping relationship between them,a security framework for WSN includingthe security deployment and the security mechanisms was put forward. The possibility and security of re-lated technologies,such as security deployment,security mechanism,and security framework for WSN inpractice were analyzed. The realization effectively safeguards various malicious attacks and guarantees thecommunication security of WSN-based application systems.


Gait recognition is usually referred to signify the human identification by the style/way people walk in image sequences. Our aim is to implement the traditional gait recognition algorithm and to show the variation in gait recognition when subject is observed parallel to camera under three conditions- walking normal, carrying a bag and wearing a coat. However in this case, the work devises a novel method for the purpose of similarity computation rather than the traditional recognition where the overall recognition rate of 78.57 percent was obtained.


A second‐order differential equation is derived which has for its solution the molecular pair distribution for a classical condensed system of particles. When applied to spherical particles interacting with central forces the equation becomes particularly simple and its solution procedure should prove more amenable than that for the equivalent integro‐differential equations used by previous authors. This simpler situation will greatly facilitate the consideration of a range of thermodynamic conditions or different systems. The method should in addition lead to greater accuracy in the determination of the pair distribution.


The authors present ZENetic Computer as a means of cultural translation using scientific methods to represent essential aspects of Japanese culture. Using images—deriving from Buddhism and other Asian concepts, sansui (landscape) paintings, poetry and kimonos— that have not heretofore been the focus of computing, the authors project the style of communication developed by Zen schools over hundreds of years into an exotic computing world that users can explore. Through encounters with Zen koans and haiku, the user is constantly and sharply forced to confirm his or her selfawareness for purposes of the story. There is no one right answer to be found anywhere. G LO B AL C R O S S IN G S Fig. 1. The interaction and context generation process. (© Seigow Matsuoka and Naoko Tosa) ple—for example, subjectivity, feeling, emotion and cultural personality—by integrating nonverbal and verbal information. Furthermore, we produced a storytelling method reflecting differences of emotion, consciousness and memory indispensable in the future communication abilities of computers. As intercultural communication is a very broad field, in order to produce a specific example, one must pick up a single historic and cultural image and use that as a basis for building a real system. In this case, we chose Zen, one of the paths of Buddhism, and developed ZENetic Computer as a system in which people can virtually experience Zen culture. The ZENetic Computer Artistic Concept ZENetic Computer was developed as a specific example of intercultural communication. We focused on the roots of our native Japanese culture, including Buddhism, kanji, waka ( Japanese short poetry) and haiku [9]. We decided to focus especially on the unique communication dles (koan). The story built from these elements is not a complete linear story like those found in movies or novels, but rather a nonlinear collection of short story fragments. A user who experiences these inconclusive story fragments feels a kind of uncertainty and holds an expectation and desire to connect these fragments and build a complete story. Because of this desire, the user may feel some hesitancy in being asked questions without a "correct" answer, but she cannot help but try to answer these questions. Through several such compelling events, the user connects these stories and builds her own unique narrative. Next, as the user uses a virtual brush, a rake for the rock garden and other tools in response to questions posed by the system via images and voice, the door to the realization of her consciousness begins to open further. As the user's desire to connect the story fragments mixes with the system's user interface, the distance between her everyday self and true, hidden self begins to shrink. Ma interaction plays an important role in the process of fusing these two selves. Ma is a very Japanese concept; it entails an emphasis on ephemeral events—the here-and-now within every experience. Having thus traveled through several stages and scenes, at the end of the trip the user converses with a bull, an interaction used in Zen as a metaphor for expressing one's true self. Through this dialogue, the user can experience a process through which the everyday self and the subconscious self fuse together and bring about a unified selfconsciousness. As the environment surrounding the system plays a very important role in the user's experience, we decided to create an Eastern atmosphere for the ZENetic space and imaging method created by Zen and sansui (landscape) ink painting. A user of ZENetic Computer experiences the following scenario. First, the user builds a three-dimensional sansui ink painting on the display using an intuitive and easy-to-use interface, constructing her own virtual space. The images used in this interface express the conceptions of nature and philosophy that characterize the history of Japanese Zen Buddhism, providing the user with a dramatic experience very different from the images of modern life [10]. Thus, in the introduction, the system brings about a kind of awakening within the user and encourages her unconscious imagination. Next, as the system classifies the state of the user's consciousness based on the user's design of the sansui landscape, it generates a story appropriate to the user, drawing her through the display and into this alternate world. In the story we include mechanisms meant to stimulate the user's consciousness developed from haiku and Zen rid206 Tosa and Matsuoka, ZENetic Computer G LO B AL C R O S S IN G S Fig. 2. Insert any 2D icon and construct a 3D sansui painting. (© Seigow Matsuoka and Naoko Tosa) This composition illustrates the context structure of haiku and Zen dialogue. Fig. 3. Navigation of a sansui picture via 3D compass and Zen dialogue interaction with the rock garden interface. (© Seigow Matsuoka and Naoko Tosa) Computer installation through the use of calligraphic paintings, music and a low table (Color Plate F). THE FLOW OF THE STORY EXPERIENCE WITHIN SANSUI SPACE The user walks through a story as follows (Fig. 1). 1. Generation of a sansui painting: The user selects a 2D hieroglyphic icon and drags it onto a virtual canvas. The 2D icon then changes into a 3D sansui object (Fig. 2). When the user finishes the sansui painting and selects the "Navigation" icon on the screen, the user can enter into his or her own 3D sansui picture using the 3D compass interface (Fig. 3). 2. Generation of haiku based on sansui icon composition: Each 2D hieroglyphic icon is associated with a haiku or Zen dialogue with a similar or related meaning. A haiku is generated according to how the 2D icon is selected and composed. 3. When the user approaches objects in the sansui painting, one of four associated Zen dialogues appears. For example, when the user approaches a river, the computer recnected to a 3D computer-graphics object. When the user drags any 2D icon and constructs a personalized 3D sansui painting, a 3D pixel map is overlaid onto that position. Figure 2 is an example of a user-constructed sansui painting. Sanen Perspective in Sansui Painting As can be seen in the sansui painting in Fig. 4, there is a unique perspective scheme in sansui paintings called sanen. There are three perspectives within a sansui picture: koen, far away and viewed from below; heien, viewed straight on; and shinen, near and viewed from above. Depending on the position of the user's icons, graphics corresponding to the sanen area are displayed, increasing the realism of the user-created sansui painting. Each icon is categorized as koen, heien or shinen. Figure 5 shows part of a computer-recognized sanen composition and distance within 3D space. Generation of Haiku and Zen Dialogue from the Layout of the Sansui Icons When the user finishes creating the sansui painting, she can walk through the 3D sansui space she created by operating a 3D compass in the rock garden interface ognizes the meaning "water," and the Zen dialogue "The Catfish and Gourd" appears. 4. Depending on which of the dialogues is generated, a form matching the user's personality is assigned one of the following four Japanese cultural forms: • Kisoi: comparative design • Mitate: choice and metaphor • Awase: design in pairs • Soroe: design based on sets Depending on the results of all the user's Zen dialogue interactions, a Yuzen kimono pattern [11] is then selected. 5. In conclusion, a "Ten Ox Story" (10 steps leading to enlightenment) corresponding to the user's interactions is displayed. GENERATION OF THE SANSUI PAINTING Composition of 2D Hieroglyphic Characters We divided sansui painting into 12 hieroglyphic characters (rock, mountain, moon, traveler, bridge, bird, tree, flower, wise man, cloud and water) and prepared 2D icons symbolizing each of them. Hieroglyphic characters are a precursor of kanji. These icons are the basic material of sansui painting. Each 2D icon is conTosa and Matsuoka, ZENetic Computer 207 G LO B AL C R O S S IN G S Table 1. Relationships between sansui symbols expressed by hieroglyphic icons and haiku. Icon Priority Haiku Output Bridge Bird House The day passes slowly; A pheasant comes down onto the bridge. Mountain Moon Cloud The rift in the clouds, whence snow falls on the distant mountains. Water Cloud Rock Advancing through pebbles, there flows a rivulet running from a spring. Moon House Water An old quiet pond A frog jumps into the pond Splash! Silence again Moon Traveler House The autumn moon; I wandered round the pond all night long. Fig. 4. Composition of sanen perspective in a sansui painting. (© Seigow Matsuoka and Naoko Tosa) Fig. 5. Layout and distance within 3D space. (© Seigow Matsuoka and Naoko Tosa) bearing an embedded touch screen (see Fig. 3). As the user approaches any sansui painting icon within the space, a haiku poem or Zen dialogue is output based on the combination of sansui painting icons contained in the framed display, as shown in Table 1. Figure 6 shows the framing of the "mountain" and "moon" icons, as well as a generated haiku example. Interaction Using a Buddhist Human Recognition Model Buddhism, which has been followed for over 1,400 years, has developed a method of interaction between master and pupil for creating deep understanding between people. We applied part of this method as an interactive model for the system. Interaction based on such a deep understanding is an area not yet researched by Western science. Sansui World Expression Based on the Godai Model In Buddhism, the directions and the godai, or five elements (sky, water, fire, wind and earth) that compose the world, are closely related. As the user explores the sansui world, changes in the weather based on the godai occur depending on the direction of movement. For example, if one goes north, it snows (connoting earth); south, thunder appears (fire); east, fog appears (wind); and west, it rains (water). Classification of User Personality Buddhist thought holds that five basic physic


The three-dimensional leeward separation about a 5-deg semi-angle cone of 11 deg angle of incidence was Investigated in night, in the wind tunnel, and by numerical computations. The test conditions were Mach numbers of 0.6, 1.5, and 1.8 at Reynolds numbers between 7 and 10 million based on freestream conditions and a 76.2-cm (30-in.) length of surface. The surface pressure conditions measured included those of fluctuating and mean static, as well as recovery pressures generated by obstacle blocks to provide skin friction and separation-line locations. The mean static pressures from flight and wind tunnel were in reasonably good agreement. The computed results gave the same distributions, but were slightly more positive in magnitude. The experimentally measured primary and secondary separation line locations compared closely with computed results. There were substantial differences In level between the surface root-mean-square pressure fluctuations obtained in night and in the wind tunnel, due, It Is thought, to a relatively high acoustic disturbance level in the tunnel compared with the quiescent atmospheric conditions in night.


The spiral tubular morphology of the halloysite mineral presents a large specific surface area, porosity, and high adsorption capacity on both surfaces. Thus, the halloysite can interact with pollutants like herbicides, e.g., the atrazine and diuron molecules that negatively affect the environment and animals. Therefore, the main aim was to study the immobilisation of the atrazine and diuron molecules by the halloysite tubular structure and the possible interactions on the different surfaces of this clay. Force field methods were applied for the geometry optimisation and molecular dynamics using the COMPASS force field [1] on the atrazine-halloysite and diuron-halloysite models. Different herbicide loading ratios on the inner and outer parts of the halloysite structure were selected to find the preferable adsorption surface. The simulations showed that the inner surface of the halloysite presented stronger interactions with both herbicides, especially with diuron (e.g., binding energies per atrazine and diuron molecules were 115 ± 2 and 130 ± 3 kJ.mol −1 , respectively) than on the outer surface. Besides, the herbicide's arrangement on both halloysite surfaces depended on the concentration and mutual interactions. Finally, increasing herbicide concentration on the inner surface was limited by free space and the adsorption capacity became gradually saturated for both atrazine and diuron.


This article addresses the effect of cooling rate and of titanium additions on the exhibited microstructure of thin-walled compacted graphite iron (TWCI) castings as determined by changing moulding media, section size and ferrotitanium. Various moulding materials were employed (silica sand and insulating sand ''LDASC'') to achieve different cooling rates. This study shows that the cooling rates exhibited in the TWCI castings varies widely (70–14 °C/s) when the wall thickness is changed from 2 to 5 mm. In turn, this is accompanied by a significant variation in the compacted graphite fraction. The resultant cooling rates were effectively reduced by applying an insulating sand in order to obtain the desired graphite compactness. Ti additions in combination with LDASC sand moulds were highly effective in promoting the development of over 80% compacted graphite in castings with wall thicknesses of 2–3 mm as evidenced by quantitative metallographic analyses.


The film deposition apparatus including an atomic layer deposition device or the chemical vapor deposition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is installed on the lid, the chamber which is located in the chamber, the chamber constitutes a reaction chamber in contact with the support, a support in which the substrate is mounted is a light source, preferably comprising a substrate with an error detecting device comprising a collimator, a light receiving sensor for detecting the light passing through the collimator to adjust the mirror, the amount of light reflected from the substrate to the total reflection of the light emitted into the substrate from a light source that . Accordingly, the film deposition apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, the mounting error of the substrate by proceeding a thin film deposition process after confirming whether doeeotneun using the substrate mounting error check unit before proceeding film deposition process, the substrate is correctly mounted on the support the abnormal deposition by can be prevented. The film deposition apparatus, a sensor, a substrate loading, the reactor, with, collimator, collimator


In an experiment that combined the task-shifting methodology with a serial reaction-time task, three groups of participants had to shift among a set of four tasks that were arranged in regular sequences of length eight. Two groups of participants were given explicit knowledge about the sequence of tasks. To ensure that the knowledge of the sequence was referred to in each trial, one group was asked to verbalise the forthcoming task (verbalisation group), whereas the other group had to detect trials that deviated from the learned sequence (detection group). Participants of a control group were given no information about the sequence of tasks. In addition, for all experimental groups in half of the blocks of trials external precues were presented which indicated the forthcoming task. The control group exhibited substantial task-shifting costs that were greatly reduced by the presentation of precues. Participants of the explicit-knowledge groups showed no indication that explicit knowledge resulted in advance preparation of the forthcoming task. In addition, the effect of the precues depended on the secondary task that had to be performed on the basis of explicit knowledge. Whereas for the detection group precues reduced shift costs to the same degree as for the control group, the verbalisation group showed no precueing benefits at all.


Objective] To investigate the breeding condition, seasonal growth and decline and the relationship with climate of Aedes albopictus (AA) for controlling the outbreak again of dengue fever in Changshan, Fuzhou.[Methods] Five surveillance sites were established to investigate the breeding environment, the density of larva, the house index, container index and Breteau index in the area.[Results] A small quantity of larva was found in January and they survived in February. The larva began to breed quickly in March. The imago appeared in the first ten days of April, and then the density rose constantly. The number of the larva reached its main and secondary peak in the beginning of July and the last ten days of September. Some larva could still be found from November to the last ten days of December. The AA of larva was most frequently found in the environment around the patients' houses.[Conclusion] The breeding of larva can be affected by temperature and rainfall etc. There are two peaks in June July and September October.The density of larva is declined when the temperature exceeded 32℃ from the first ten days of July to August. And the activity of the imago weaken significantly.


Thispaperwillpresent innovative algorithms designed forprovingtheintegrity ofparameter estimation. These algorithms rely onanunusual sensor modeling, delivering measurements as confidence intervals (with anassociated confidence level) rather thanaspoint estimates, asusually considered. Suitable combinations ofmeasurements provided byseveral sensors mayreach extremely highconfidence levels for theestimate, andmaythusserve estimation problems wheresafety isofuttermost importance. Onetypical application ismotion estimation forautomated guided transport (railways forinstance), butourconfidenceinterval basedalgorithms aregeneral enough toapply forother safety-demanding applications.


In the traditional space mission systems engineering process (SEP), candidate architectures are evaluated by comparing multiple dimensions of performance against cost. Many of the key decisions within this process focus on trading dierent performance parameters at a xed cost, or dierent levels of performance against varying cost. The selected system architecture is generally that which produces an acceptable level of performance at lowest cost. The SEP also generally only considers a small number of alternative designs, providing a limited perspective on what could be a much larger tradespace. The traditional process has worked well in the past, producing designs that optimized cost for a xed level of performance. However, the traditional process is based on many assumptions, some explicit and some implicit, regarding uncertainty, change and the domain of control. Many factors once treated as static or having an acceptably slow rate of change are now changing at rates that are incommensurate with the current rates of execution of the SEP. The traditional process also does not capture the reality of the uncertainties that impact programs during development and deployment. We describe an approach to space mission systems engineering that incorporates changeability and robustness in order to address uncertainty and change. We discuss this valuecentric design methodology (VCDM) and proposed framework for addressing changeabiliity and robustness under uncertainty. We refer to this approach as the value-centric systems engineering process (VCSEP). VCSEP is a dynamic approach to capturing stakeholder value value over time by applying multi-attribute utility analysis to the analysis of candidate system architectures and their associated costs. We describe a framework for VCSEP and some of the challenges to realization. It should be emphasized that the VCSEP framework does not provide a \turn-the-crank" approach to systems analysis. Rather the framework species a process for engaging the system stakeholders, architects and designers, with the ultimate goal of providing the decision makers with the \best" set of alternatives from which to make a selection on which system to build.


The majority of spinal fractures in children and teenagers comprise compression breaks. The preserved bone structures and ligaments usually prevent development of severe and chronic instability in vertebral segments, resulting in a possibility of conservative treatment of this kind of trauma. However, in literature on this issue, absolute and relative indications to surgical treatment of compression spinal freactures in children taking into consideration anatomical and physiological features of the spine are still under question. The authors present a clinical case of surgical treatment of the uncomplicated compression spinal fracture in a teenager. There are definite indications to surgical treatment of this type of trauma.


In the conduct of case-control studies, it has been a general experience that some cases are identified only after death, and that others cannot be personally interviewed because of extreme morbidity. As a way of dealing with the dilemma of obtaining data on unavailable cases, investigators have sometimes chosen to interview a relative or friend (a proxy respondent) whose responses are based on his or her knowledge of the lifestyle, medical history, occupational history, etc., of the unavailable index subject. The same procedure may be used for controls who are unable to respond personally to the questions of the investigator. Some methodological inquiries have been carried out to assess the agreement between index (i.e., personally interviewed) and proxy respondents. In these studies, the proxy respondents have usually been the spouses of the index respondents, and the questions have most often concerned the frequency and/or quantity with which foods were consumed (1-4). Results from these studies show a high concordance between group level aggregate measures, such as mean nutrient intake or mean frequency of consumption, estimated from index and proxy responses. On an individual level, however, dietary information obtained from proxy respondents appears to have


A Rotating Drum Type Solid-Liquid Separator which operates in two different modes : one is a separating mode and another a discharging one is proposed by the authors. It is necessary to discharge solid particles out of the drum which pile up on the drum wall as soon as possible. In this paper, during the discharging mode, the flow visualized experiments were carried out using a two-dimensional model, in order to clarify the effects of the discharging plates. As a result, it was found that the aspect of particles transportation changes the distance of the discharging plates and a clearance between the plate edge and the surface of the particles bed and there exists the most probable distance of plates and clearance. In the case of large distance of the discharging plates, the transportation by the scour is predominant


The Island of Awaji in Hyogo Prefecture is occupied in its southern part by the upper Cretaceous Izumi group and is famous for the occurrence of the interesting fossils. The hitherto described fossils, however, were mainly derived from the lower half of the group. The writers recently surveyed through the Cretaceous area and especially made, a detailed work on the southern steep slopes of the island, with the results that a fossiliferous member was discovered near the uppermost part of the group and that the stratigraphy of the upper half was considerably revised. The emended stratigraphic sequence of the Izumi group in this island is as follows in ascending order : 1. Tsui basal conglomerate, 200 meters thick.2. Minato shale, very fossiliferous, 500 m.3. Yoroizaki sandstone, with subordinately interbedded shale, 1, 400 m.4. Shichi shah, fossiliferous, 400 m.5. Kitaama sandstone and shale (emended) : Thick series of alternating sandstone and shale, 3, 300 m. The sandstone is predominant in the lower part, whereas the shale is predominant in the upper part. Layers of liparitic tuff are intercalated at horizons and especially remarkable in the lower part. Fossils occur sporadically from the sandstone of the quarries.6. Nada sandstone and conglomerate (emended) : Sandstone with interbedded shale and conglomerate, 1, 100 m.7. Shimonada fine-sandy siltstone, containing nodules and fossils abundantly. 370 m (+).8. Shimonada white sandstone, with sporadic fossils, 250 m (+).Layers of tuff are intercalated in members (7) and (8).The identified fossils derived from the upper half (i. e. 58) are listed in the table of the Japanese text. From these fossils the upper half of the group is safely correlated to the upper Hetonaian in Hokkaido, the approximate equivalent of the uppermost Senonian of Europe, and is a representative of the uppermost Cretaceous in Southwest Japan.Together with the stratigraphy some interesting features of the geologic structure in the southernmost part of the island are described. (See the annexed geologic map.)


Refuse in landfills becomes stabilized or aged, as organic matter in the refuse gradually degrades and as the soluble inorganic substances dissolve during its long-term stabilization process. Within this paper, this process is referred to as mineralization and the resultant stabilized or essentially stabilized refuse is referred to as "aged refuse." The aged refuse contains a wide spectrum and large quantity of microorganisms, which have a strong decomposition capability for refractory organic matter present in some wastewaters, such as leachate. In this study, aged refuse excavated from two to ten year old closed landfill compartments in Shanghai Refuse Landfill (SRL) was characterized in terms of particulate distribution by screening, and a biofilter consisting of ten year old aged refuse was then used for biofiltration of leachate sampled from the landfill. Typically, 400 kg of screened aged refuse with limiting diameter less than 15 mm was used as biofiltration materials in a round shaped biofilter wi...


The Mid Hangjiahu Area (MHA) is famous for its rich cultural offerings,rural scenery and local products.Based on these factors,MHA has great potential for tourism development.In this article the foundation and background for tourism development in MHA are studied.A comparison is carried out of tourism networking in this area before and after development.The results indicate development will complete the network,heighten the reputation and level of tourism in the area,and therefore,stimulate local economic development.