The legislation subjects of federal vocational education law in America includes legislation subjects inside government and legislation subjects outside government.The former includes capitol hill,president and supreme count,the capitol hill creates law mainly through putting forward and discussing bills;the president exerts legislation suggestion rights and legislation veto rights through consultation report on the situation of the country and delivering speech,and the supreme count plays the role of stipulating legislation directions.The legislation subjects outside government mainly produce impacts on vocational education legislation through influencing legislation staff,enhancing their influences,building supportive environment,participating in bill drafting,stating views on meeting of legislation hearing of witness and boosting the discussion on bills.The two main legislation subjects manifest the characteristics of pluralisty and gaming in the process of vocational education legislation,which have some reference meaning for cultivating legislation subjects of vocational education in China.


Some factors affecting the protoplast release from mycelia of Plurotus ostreatus using commercial lytic enzymes were investigated. The highest yields of the protoplast were obtained from four days old mycelia grown in mushroom complete medium. The solution of 0.8M , or KCI showed good results as the osmotic stabilizer for releasing the protoplast. Novozym 234 was the most effective among commercials tested. The concentration of the enzyme and pH of the enzyme solution were optimal at 15mg/ml and for the protoplast release, respectively. Mycelial digestion was optimal at about and was better in the reciprocal shaking bath (75 oscillations/min) than the stationary culture.


During the 1996 season 3323 seedlings yielded the high number of 190 selections. During 1997 these were reduced to 10 selections and have been transplanted to be multiplied for the statistical screening phase. Another 3646 seedlings have been screened during 1997, and 20 were selected. The polycross unit that was finalized during I996/97 produced its first seeds as predicted. However, larger numbers are needed from this facility. Due to the genetic make-up of each seedling being different, difficulty was experienced in multiplying these seedlings and little results were obtained. It was thus decided that the ease with which a seedling can be multiplied should also be a selection criterion. With this in mind the facilities were further upgraded with the building of a Phytophthora unit which will house both the screening phases as well as the multiplication of selections. While awaiting completion of this unit, the facility of the pathology department was utilised as an interim measure to complete the first multiplication cycle. However, results on the statistical screening are still expected from the pathology department.


IMPORTANT REMINDER Medical Policies are developed to provide guidance for members and providers regarding coverage in accordance with contract terms. Benefit determinations are based in all cases on the applicable contract language. To the extent there may be any conflict between the Medical Policy and contract language, the contract language takes precedence. PLEASE NOTE: Contracts exclude from coverage, among other things, services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers may bill members for services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers are encouraged to inform members before rendering such services that the members are likely to be financially responsible for the cost of these services. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) refers to a procedure in which hematopoietic stem cells are infused to restore bone marrow function in cancer patients who receive bone-marrow-toxic doses of cytotoxic drugs with or without whole body radiation therapy. Hematopoietic stem cells may be obtained from the transplant recipient (autologous HSCT) or from donor (allogeneic HCT). They can be harvested from bone marrow, peripheral blood, or umbilical cord blood and placenta shortly after delivery of neonates. Although cord blood is an allogeneic source, the stem cells in it are antigenically " naïve " and thus are associated with a lower incidence of rejection or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Autologous HSCT necessitates myeloablative chemotherapy to eradicate cancerous cells from the blood and bone marrow, thus permitting subsequent engraftment and repopulation of bone marrow space with presumably normal hematopoietic progenitor cells. As a consequence, autologous HSCT is typically performed as consolidation therapy when the patient's disease is in complete remission. Patients who


In Siddha system of medicine dried roots of Aloe barbadensis Mill. Synonyms Aloe vera Tourn ex Linn. Aloe indica Royle belonging to family Liliaceae is known as Kumari Ver. Aloe vera is the oldest medicinal plant ever known and the most applied medicinal plant worldwide. The plant produces at least six antiseptic agents such as lupeol, salicylic acid, urea nitrogen, cinnamonic acid, phenols and sulphur. All of these substances are recognized as antiseptics because they kill or control mold, bacteria, fungus and viruses, hence has the ability to eliminate many internal and external skin infections. The morphological and anatomical characteristics of the root were investigated by hand sectioning and then camera lucida diagrams to ascertain the relevance of these characters in establishment of interspecific similarities and differences in the taxa. The results showed that there is many layered cork cells followed by cortex and a vascular bundle with radial arrangement and exarch xylem. Although, the size and number of vascular bundles are varying the presence of one or two raphide bundles and starch grains is prominent. Phytochemical screening reveal the presence of tannin, saponin and flavonoids. These features both anatomy and phytochemistry clearly help in identification of this plant.


Introduction echography revealed a retroperitoneal effusion. A CT scan diagnosed a pseudoaneurysm of the infrarenal Mycotic aortic aneurysms due to Salmonella are asabdominal aorta (Fig. 2), without associated spondylodiskitis or vertebral osteomyelitis. Angiography sociated with high morbidity and mortality, due to rapid expand and rupture. Cases previously reported confirmed the pseudoaneurysm, and revealed a posterior rupture of the aortic wall, in front of the knitted involved patients over age 50, with pre-existing atherosclerotic disease, and frequent diabetes mellitus. L2 vertebra. We report a pseudoaneurysm in a young patient, without any atherosclerotic disease, with a documented history of lumbar vertebral fracture, followed by recurrent episodes of gastro-enteritis.


Nano-crystal yttrium phosphate was synthesized with Y_2O_3,HNO_3 and(NH_4)_3PO_4·3H_2O as materials,PEG-400 as template by solid phase reaction.The main product was characterized by XRD,TG/DSC and IR.The characterization results showed that the main product was nano-crystal YPO_4.Soluble ammonium nitrate was got beside the main product.The processes of the synthesis were simply and briefly,and it had great prospect in the industrial application.


In many optimisation problems, an optimisation criterion is introduced whose part may be played by a numerical functional which has to be maximised or minimised. The situation is rather common where several functionals may be put for the part of criterion. As a rule, the choice of criterion is a result of certain intuitive reasons and influences the way of solving the problem. Considering a problem with different criteria, one can get different solutions, so a need for additional studies arises in order to make the best choice among optimisation criteria. In the uniform assignment problem, any symmetric functional which has the properties of a norm can be taken as the uniformity criterion. But the solutions which minimise a particular criterion, namely, the square deviation of the number of jobs of a worker from the average, minimise all other criteria as well, and it is reasonable to choose precisely this functional as the optimisation criterion.


Objective To investigate the molecular epidemiologic characteristics of 21 genotypes of human papillomavirus in women with cervical diseas in Henan.Methods A total of 2 568 samples were collected from female patients with cervica1 disease in Henan.Twenty-one genotypes of human papillomavirus were tested by hybridMax,and studied the molecular epidemiologic characteristics of human papillomavirus subtypes,including 16,18,31,33,35,39,45,51,52,56,58,59,68,6,11,42,43,44,53,66,and CP8304.Results The total positive rate of 21 genotypes of human papillomavirus was 41.6%.The positive rate was 57.7% of single human papillomavirus genotypes,and 42.3% of mixed infection.Among 21 genotypes of human papillomavirus,the main high-risk genotypes were human papillomavirus 16 and 31,and low-risk genotypes were 6 and 11.The infectious rate of human papillomavirus 16 ranked first.Conclusion The information on the molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus would play an important role in the study and application of vaccine,and in the prevention and therapy of human papillomavirus infection.


The mounting of the auxiliary power unit (APU) and gear box in Aircraft/Helicopter is discussed in the paper. The APU is usually connected to a Gear box to drive other components. The APU is exposed to shock and vibration environments. The shock and vibration concerns dealing with the design of a stiff support system to achieve target frequency. A frequency margin criterion is selected to ensure fundamental system frequencies are at least 15% away from dominant vibration inputs such as harmonics of helicopter blade passing frequency. A lumped parameter dynamic model is formulated to perform the modal analysis and 1g load static analysis. Modal analysis will help to identify the mounting frequencies, while static analysis will help to identify distribution of the load at each mount, driving the design of supports and identifying design equivalent loads for shock and vibration input. A detailed finite element analysis was performed to validate the lumped mass finite element model. The lumped mass model approach helps in quick turnaround in the preliminary phase of the design, to optimize the mount locations and identify required stiffnesses. The connection stiffness between the APU and Gear box was found to be the controlling stiffness for the mounted frequencies. Hence a short-term (compromise) solution and long-term (lower risk) approach were provided to achieve the target frequency.


Nonstoichiometric NaxCoO2 (0.5 < x < 1) consists of CoO2 layers made up of edge-sharing CoO6 octahedra and exhibits strongly anisotropic magnetic susceptibilities as well as metallic properties. A modified Curie−Weiss law was proposed for systems containing anisotropic magnetic ions to analyze the magnetic susceptibilities of NaxCoO2 (x ≈ 0.75), and implications of this analysis were explored. Our study shows that the low-spin Co4+ (S = 1/2) ions of NaxCoO2 generated by the Na vacancies cause the anisotropic magnetic properties of NaxCoO2 and suggests that the six nearest-neighbor Co3+ ions of each Co4+ ion adopt the intermediate-spin electron configuration, thereby behaving magnetically like low-spin Co4+ ions. The Weiss temperature of NaxCoO2 is more negative along the direction of the lower g factor (i.e., θ∥ < θ⊥ < 0 and g∥ < g⊥). The occurrence of intermediate-spin Co3+ ions surrounding each Co4+ ion accounts for the apparently puzzling magnetic properties of NaxCoO2 (x ≈ 0.75), i.e., the large negat...


Granulites are important constituents of the middle to lower crust. Metasedimentary rocks such as Banded Magnetite Quartzite - Mn rich metasediments (qtz+magnetite+ opx +/- garnet), pelites (sill + grt + stau and bio ± corundum; plagio + grt + bio + opx +corundum) and calc-silicate (cal + grt-gr rich -grt + scap + hbl + ca-plagio) occur, forming part of the Biligirirangan granulites and the amphibolite-facies gneissic terrain in southern part of the Dharwar Craton. Both in terms of major and trace elements geochem., the metasediments indicate their precursors to be sediments, despite strong deformation and high-grade metamorphism. The chem. of the metasediments of Biligirirangan granulites are comparable to the metasediments of older Sargur group of rocks (> 3.0 Ga) in the Dharwar Craton and indicate to their deposition under epicontinental platform/shelf environment under shallow water and stable tectonic conditions. They represent proto-Superior type sediments. [on SciFinder(R)]


To satisfy the continuously increasing demand for high data rates and mobility required by new wireless applications, the 5G has gained much attention recently. Radio frequency power amplifiers (RF-PAs), as one of critical components of 5G transmitter system, are becoming a hot issue. In this paper, the statistical analysis on RF PA papers shows the research on RF-PAs in Asia-Pacific and cooperation between different affiliations and countries are gradually becoming more prominent, showing the globalization trend of RF PA research and the 5G technologies. The decreased research cycle of RF PA shows the processes of research on PA and 5G technologies are speeding up. Some promising RF-PA technologies for 5G wireless communication system are also been discussed.


The invention relates to a storage battery charge control circuit adopting two-way reverse connecting protection, which comprises a terminal 1, an input terminal 2, a terminal 3, a P-channel field-effect transistor 4, a resistor 5, a P-channel field-effect transistor 6, a diode 7, a resistor 8, a resistor 9, a diode 10, a capacitor 11, a resistor 12, a photoelectric coupler 13, a resistor 14, a photoelectric coupler 15, a resistor 16, a capacitor 17, an NPN (Negative-Positive-Negative) crystal triode 18, a resistor 19, a capacitor 20, a resistor 21, a terminal 22 and a terminal 23. By adopting a holohedral symmetry circuit design, the invention can carry out programmable charge on a storage battery while realizing two-way reverse connecting protection on a charge power supply and the storage battery, be effectively applied to various high-power charge devices, such as electric automobiles, other electric vehicles, and the like, be widely applied to various direct current power supply systems so as to ensure that the various direct current power supply systems are effectively protected, improve the reliability of the system and reduce accidental loss caused by improper use, is particularly suitable for carrying out programmable charge and two-way reverse connecting protection on the storage battery in a solar energy and wind energy power supply system and can greatly improve the working performance and the reliability of the solar energy and wind energy power supply system.


The utility model discloses a rapid unloading heating device for an oil tank of a train, which comprises a submerged pump and a crane pipe. A heat exchanger is communicated between the submerged pump and the crane pipe. Both the diameter of the submerged pump and the width of the heat exchanger are less than the diameter of an opening of the oil tank of the train. The rapid unloading heating device has the beneficial effects that the submerged pump and the heat exchanger are integrally placed into the oil tank from the opening of the oil tank; oil in the oil tank can be pumped through the submerged pump; the heat exchanger can heat the oil in the oil tank and the oil which is pumped into the heat exchanger through the submerged pump, so that the oil in the tank is forcedly heated in a flowing mode; the viscosity of the oil can be reduced in short time; the oil quality can be ensured; and the oil under the condition of the lower energy consumption can rapidly unloaded.


Experiments have been reported by Geelmuyden 1 and by Baer 2 in which they fed protein to dogs under the influence of phlorhizin, and noted a marked drop in the quantity of acetone bodies eliminated in the urine. Lusk 3 has called attention to the fact that the animals used by Geelmuyden and by Baer in their experiments were for the most part, only partially phlorhizinized, and that their results might be explained on the assumption that the protein ingested gave rise to dextrose which was burned in the organism. In five experiments which we have carried out upon dogs phlorhizinized according to the method of Coolen, we have found a drop of from fifty to ninety per cent, in the quantity of acetone and of oxybutyric acid eliminated, following the ingestion of moderate amounts of protein. A determination of the glucose to nitrogen ratio in the urine showed that the fall in acidosis cannot be accounted for by ascribing it to sugar burned in the organism. Since acidosis in the phlorhizinized dog can be practically abolished by such an apparently unrelated factor as the ingestion of protein it is obvious that caution should be used in interpreting results of acidosis studies upon phlorhizinized animals.


Simulations using machine learning (ML) models and mechanistic models are often run to inform decision-making processes. Uncertainty estimates of simulation results are critical to the decision-making process because simulation results of specific scenarios may have wide, but unspecified, confidence bounds that may impact subsequent analyses and decisions. The objective of this work is to develop a protocol to assess uncertainties in predictions of machine learning and mechanistic simulation models. The protocol will outline an uncertainty quantification workflow that may be used to establish credible bounds of predictability on computed quantities of interest and to assess model sufficiency. The protocol identifies key sources of uncertainties in machine learning and mechanistic modeling, defines applicable methods of uncertainty propagation for these sources, and includes statistically rational estimators for output uncertainties. The work applies the protocol to test cases relevant to the gas distribution industry and presents learnings from its application. The paper concludes with a brief discussion outlining a pathway to the wider adoption of uncertainty quantification within the industry


This paper introduces recent developments in the Chronus series, a family of custom built controllers that afford a performer gestural interaction with surround sound systems, and that can be easily integrated into their personal performance systems. The controllers are built with the goal of encouraging more electronic musicians to include the creation of dynamic pantophonic sound fields in performance. The paper focuses on technical advances of the Chronus_2.0 prototype that extend the interface to control both radial and angular positional data. There is also discussion of the controller's ease of integration into electronic performance configurations, both for diffusion and for performance from the wider electronic music community.


This study investigated the effect of a progesterone containing intravaginal CIDR (Controlled Internal Drug Releasing) device on plasma progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations during 1 Cday device insertion and the subsequent oestrous cycle of fallow deer (Duma dama). Blood samples were collected from 4entire does at 20 minute intervals forperiods of 812h on three occasions following device insertion (i.e. insertion, mid-treatment and withdrawal) and on Days 0,5, 12 and 19 of the subsequent oestrous cycle. Plasma was analysed for progesterone and LH concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Plasma progesterone values were elevated (>6 &ml) and LH values reduced (c 1 nglml) during device insertion relative to pre-insertion values. Plasma LH concentrations were highest on Day 0 of the oestrous cycle, with a marked increase in the pulse amplitude. One doe exhibited a pre-ovulatory LH surge. Plasma progesterone increased from < 0.5 @ml on Day 0 to 1.5-4.2 ng/ml on Day 12 (luteal phase) and high-amplitude progesterone pulses were exhibited by all does on Day 19 (onset of luteolysis). The study has demonstrated that CIDR devices deliver sufficient progesterone to inhibit ovulation and the heclining plasma LH concentrations during device insertion support a hypothesis of negative feedback by progesterone on LH secretion.


Organic and conventional agriculture are vital for the development of human society; however, the use of contaminated water and the inappropriate use of organic chemical fertilizers can lead to an increase in the microbial load (potentially pathogenic) of the normal microbiota of the agricultural soil. In this context, the aim of our study was to isolate Gram-negative bacteria from the superficial soil layer and irrigation water of agricultural areas (11 organic farms and nine conventional farms) and consider their potential ecological and health risk importance. Through culture isolation using three bacterial media (TSA) trypticase soy agar (general nutritive media); MacConkey Gram-negative bacteria and (EMB) eosin methylene blue agar (selective for Enterobacteriaceae) and classical biochemical tests, we recorded a total of 12 bacterial species, most belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family, such as Enterobacter, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Salmonella and Shigella, which can be pathogenic for humans and animals. In contrast, bacteria such as Pantoea agglomerans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and Burkholderia mallei could facultatively work as diazotrophic or plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Soil bacteria richness detected with the media applied was significantly higher than water bacteria, but we found no significant differences between organic and conventional agriculture. We conclude that the isolated bacteria in water and soil mostly belongs to enteropathogenic bacteria which could be pathogenic to animals and humans. While other bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be viewed as useful by improving nutrient availability in agricultural soil.


With great interest I read the "Point/Counterpoint" articles by Drs. Krouwer (1) and Kristiansen(2). In this regard, I would like to raise three issues: two analytical and one clinical.

With respect to the first analytical issue: laboratory experts and external quality assurance system organizers advocate that laboratory measurements be highly accurate, i.e., unbiased and precise. Although manufacturers of routine measurement procedures are usually able to solve most of the problems of imprecision, they are often unable to solve problems related to measurement bias. In my opinion, these Point/Counterpoint articles put undue pressure on the manufacturers to "improve the quality of their products". The professionals in laboratory medicine should provide guidance to the manufacturers to help solve the problems of accuracy in a fair and transparent manner.

Quantities measured or determined in laboratory medicine are now divided into two categories: (A) those …


The technological progress has opened new scenarios in terms of manufacturing paradigms. In particular, the world of Internet has allowed to connect resources characterized by a different geographical position independently of the distance. Among the interesting technologies that are able to exploit these advantages are certainty the Additive Manufacturing and the reverse engineering systems. The main paradigm that based its strengths in the aspects before mentioned is named Cloud. In particular, it represents a paradigm that allows to supply resources of different kind to catch up a certain goal. The most famous application of the Cloud paradigm is the Cloud Computing but, thanks to the new manufacturing technologies the application of this concept for the production has gained more importance. In this case the correct term to indicate the application of the Cloud paradigm to the production is Cloud Manufacturing. This last term describes as, thanks to the resources linked through the web, it is possible to define a supply chain that allows to obtain the production of products in an innovative manner. The innovation of this paradigm is the possibility to configure a supply chain characterized by: flexibility, availability of a tool for support decisional system, "on demand" production and manufacturing capabilities considered as services. This paper reports an innovative application of the Cloud Manufacturing paradigm that has expected the definition a tool web-based that allows to configure the client requests and the relative supply chain considering the best available solutions. In particular, the developed system, called AMSA (Additive Manufacturing Spare parts market Application) have had as main goal the definition of a common platform to supply different kind of services: product development oriented to the Additive Manufacturing (DFAM, Design For Additive Manufacturing), production of prototype or small series with Additive Manufacturing and reverse engineering activities to obtain CAD models starting from a physical object. The definition of different kind of services allow to satisfy several client needs such as: necessity to define an innovative product characterized by high performance in terms of stiffness/weight ratio, possibility to manufacture small series, such as in the motorsport field, and possibility to define CAD models for the obsolete parts for which the geometrical information are missed. AMSA platform relies on the reconfigurable supply chain that is dynamic and it depends on the particular client needs. For example, when the client requires the manufacture of a small series of a particular component, AMSA allows to the technicians to choose the best solutions in terms of price and distance. Therefore, the suppliers that contribute to the definition of the dynamic supply chain have an important role. The AMSA platform, for these reasons, represents an important tool able to link the suppliers to the customers in the best manner in order to obtain service that are characterized an high performance level.The technological progress has opened new scenarios in terms of manufacturing paradigms. In particular, the world of Internet has allowed to connect resources characterized by a different geographical position independently of the distance. Among the interesting technologies that are able to exploit these advantages are certainty the Additive Manufacturing and the reverse engineering systems. The main paradigm that based its strengths in the aspects before mentioned is named Cloud. In particular, it represents a paradigm that allows to supply resources of different kind to catch up a certain goal. The most famous application of the Cloud paradigm is the Cloud Computing but, thanks to the new manufacturing technologies the application of this concept for the production has gained more importance. In this case the correct term to indicate the application of the Cloud paradigm to the production is Cloud Manufacturing. This last term describes as, thanks to the resources linked through the web, it is possible...


Abstract Proceeding from the debate on intertextuality, some considerations are presented here for Literary and Historical Studies that suggest a theory-driven approach applying algorithm-based procedures. It will be shown that methodical tensions between qualitative and quantitative approaches can be solved simultaneously in this way. On this basis, the approach combines intertextuality theory with an algorithm-based procedure (here a search based on Word Mover's Distance).


Seven reactors are used in France for the production of radioisotopes. Two are heavy water reactors, two are swimming pool reactors, and three are graphite moderated reactors. The characteristics of these reactors are tabulated. The irradiation techniques and facilities at these reactors are briefly discussed. (J.S.R.)


This research aims to determine the role of emotional intelligence and organizational climate in predicting the counterproductive work behavior. This study used a quantitative approach survey. The method of data collection in this research was conducted by distributing scale to the research subjects, with a total of 146 civil servants. The data was analyzed using double regression techniques using SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) 20.0. The result shows that the emotional intelligence and organizational climate can contribute together to decrease counterproductive behavior that occurs in the workplace (F (2, 143) = 5.266, p<.05, R2 = .069). Limitations and suggestions for further research were also discussed in this study.


Georadar recordings depend on the polarisation of the electromagnetic wave emitted from the transmitter antenna, polarisation of the wave reflected from the investigated object and from the different orientations of the set of transmitter-receiver antennae. Therefore the authors carried out in the paper short analysis of possibilities and limitations of using of measurements with changeable orientation of antennae for GPR detection of fractures in the selected post-mining area in Poland. The GPR investigation using variable antennae geometry was carried out in the town of Siersza (Upper Silesia region, Poland) where sinkholes and subsidence areas induced by the shallow mining exploitation was observed on the earth surface. For co-pole and end-fire antennae polarisations some differences in recorded radargrams were distinguished, which delivered additional information about anomalies distribution in the rock mass. The recordings for cross-pole polarisation seem to be the least useful for fractures detection. Main conclusion drown on the basis of the presented results should be as follow: GPR detection of fractures distribution in the rock mass should be carried out using multi-channel systems, where in several channels antennae with different orientations should be connected.


Results of model simulations of long-term tracer transport in the middle atmosphere using ERA-Interim analyses are presented using the 3D model KASIMA. Several artificial tracers have been implemented in the model simulating trace gases as SF6, CO2, N2O and H2O commonly used to derive transport properties in the middle atmosphere from observations. We test several configurations of the model where the relaxation to the analyses have been varied and compare the results to observations. We find a general good agreement of mean age of air as derived from long lived tracers running the model without any relaxation. Possible long-term changes of transport characteristics found in the model are discussed.


Cancer cells contain thousands of mutated genes, differential copy numbers and differential expressions of genes. The progression of cancer differs from patient to patient. Identification of key proteins and pathways of individual patient's molecular profile has become important for personalized medicine. At the first step of our proposed pipeline, gene mutations, gene expression profile, copy number variations and clinical data of lung cancer patients (LUAD) are downloaded from TCGA. Significant genomic variations are determined by using R MADGIC and GAIA packages. Using R Deseq2 package, most active differentially expressed genes are determined for the patients (number of patients=55) for whom the adjacent normal tissue RNA-seq expression levels are available. Most active pathways are determined by Cytoscape jactivemodules program based on expression levels. For significant genomic variations and gene expression levels, MDS plot and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of the patients is performed. The most mutated genes in 565 LUAD samples were identified by TCGA-Biolinks package. We found that TP53, a known tumor suppressor gene, has a mutation in 48% of the patients. Survival analysis for the 55 LUAD patients clustered using K-means clustering (k=2) was performed. Results show that survival probability of two clusters doesn't vary significantly. The goals of this study are to 1) computationally identify the most significant genes whose mutation and expression profile correlate with the patient survival time 2) verify the significance of results against the results of an earlier study conducted on TCGA LUAD dataset [1] and 3) provide an open-source automated pipeline.


The conditions that usually prevail in drift tube experiments for the measurement of mobility and diffusion of electron and ion swarms are appropriate for the application of a linearized Boltzmann equation. Starting from such an equation, formulae for mobility and (anisotropic) diffusion coefficients are derived for the case where only elastic collisions are important. No restriction is placed on the masses of particles or on the nature of interaction potential. Results of earlier theories are shown to be special cases of the formulae obtained here. The intended application of the equations is mainly to the case of alkali metal ions in neutral rare gases, where numerical evaluation of the formulae is necessary. The m!lin features of some of the numerical procedures are discussed.


To solve the problem of complex and uneven state in grid structure of 10 kV distribution network,an idea on layering and zoning of medium voltage distribution network is presented in this paper,and the concepts of backbone grid and secondary grid is defined to effectively standardize the above-mentioned 10 kV structure afterwards.Moreover,to objectively reflect the structural and functional characteristics of secondary grid,three kinds of secondary grid analysis sub-models are constructed to meet the needs of various demands.Finally,according to actual construction and operation situation of distribution network in some city,boundary conditions for parameters are determined and the corresponding model is analyzed and calculated.Numerical examples indicate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.


The invention relates to a power generating unit comprising - an electric generator having a rotor; - at least one hydrostatic motor for driving the electric generator, wherein at least one of the hydrostatic motors is formed as an internal gear motor; - the rotor of the electric generator surrounds the internal gear motor concentrically, the rotor meshes with a pinion on an internal gear, which is at least indirectly driven by the internal gear motor; - the internal gear motor is associated with a starting device.


Abstract This study reviews the admission criteria for a "nontraditional" MBA program by investigating a group of students who were employed full time while pursuing the MBA degree. The instructional method combined individual assignments with two intensive weekend class meetings on the 3rd and 6th weekends of each course. These students would normally have been classified as part-time students enrolling for either one or two courses per term. Our major finding is that the combination of GMAT score, undergraduate GPA, and work experience are the best predictors of success for students in this program. However, for students admitted to the program as exceptions to the normal admission formula, GMAT score, undergraduate institution, and undergraduate major were the best predictors of success.


A transection of the spinal cord severs the nerve fiber tracts which communicate with different discrete centers in the brain. Spinal cord injury in mammals including human leads to perturbation of the "milieu interieur," the integrity of which is insured by the normal functioning of the central and autonomic nervous system as well as the endocrine glands. Transection results in a complete disruption of ascending and descending pathways including the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide-containing projections from ventral medullary neurons to intermediolateral cell columns (IML). The neurons in the ventral medulla oblongata are involved in neural regulation of cardiovascular function. In 1965, using the histochemical fluorescence technique, Dahlstrom and Fuxe demonstrated in the rat that soon after lesion of the spinal cord norepinephrine and 5-hydroxytryptamine accumulate above the level of transection and disappear caudal to the lesion. ' Further, they showed that the rnonoaminergic terminals belong to bulbospinal pathways with the cell bodies located in the medulla oblongata. After spinal cord transection the blockade of ascending substance P pathways renders the spinal cord-injured mammal devoid of tactile, thermal, and nociceptive sensation below the lesion level. In contrast, the interruption of bulbospinal monoaminergic pathways leading to the loss of noradrenergic and serotonergic descending fibers is associated with a loss of locomotor function. This paper will deal with some of the important descending monoaminergic and ascending peptidergic (substance P) pathways and the dysfunctions brought about by spinal cord injury.


Beamforming is going to be a key player in the modern communication era. This paper presents a design where antenna(s) are arranged in such a way so that the resultant beam is focused on an increase in overall gain. The article contains a Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) array at 3.5 GHz. The main aim of the paper is to show the impacts on the return loss and gain of the antenna when array designs are taken into consideration. As per the claim of the authorts), with a change in antenna configuration in terms of array configuration, there will be a change in the gain and beam-width of the antenna. Three different configurations are shown in this article viz. single, 1×2 and 1×3 MPA. The Maximum gain observed in the work shown in this article is 6.1 dBi with a bandwidth of 130 MHz. The same is described in the result section which is shown in the latter part of the paper. To make it more understandable, the author has compared the software results and the tested result obtained after testing the antenna with the help of a network analyzer. The substrate used for the design is "epoxy substrate" having a dielectric constant of 4.4. The work shown in the paper can find its application in the detection of a blind zone in a smart vehicle in the Intelligent Transportation System. Also, it can be used in indoor/outdoor channel sensing in ISM bands.


This paper presents application of adaptive quantum-inspired binary gravitational search algorithm for solving optimal power quality monitor (PQM) placement for voltage sag assessment. The optimization involves multi objectives and handles observability constraint determined by the concept of topological monitor reach area. The overall objective function consists of two functions which are monitor overlapping index and sag severity index. In this algorithm, the quantum-inspired binary gravitational search algorithm is improved by applying the concept of artificial immune system as to make it adaptive towards the changes of constraints. The proposed algorithm is applied on the 69-bus distribution system and compared to the conventional method so as to illustrate its effectiveness.


The heat provided by accretion and differentiation is sufficient to melt the silicate mantle of a terrestrial planet or planetary embryo wholly or partially creating magma oceans that may span a wide range of depths. The solidification processes in these magma oceans create an important link between the properties of the solid mantle and the atmosphere: Depending on the ratio of volatiles retained in the mantle to the volatiles degassed to build the atmosphere, magma oceans with similar starting compositions may lead to planets with dry or wet mantles and substantial or minimal atmospheres. The build-up of an early atmosphere also sensitively affects the heat loss to space and thereby the solidification rate of the magma ocean The goal of this study is to constrain which factors determine magma ocean degassing and thereby the growth of an early planetary atmosphere and volatile retention in the mantle. Our model is based on a detailed analysis of bubble nucleation, growth and breakup during magma ocean solidification. We find that degassing does not necessarily occur continuously as commonly assumed. Instead, we suggest three end-member types of degassing histories ranging from continuous to catastrophic and negligible degassing and discuss how these depend on planetary and magma ocean properties.


We revisit the classical kernel method of approximation/interpolation theory in a very specific context motivated by the desire to obtain a robust procedure to approximate discrete data sets by (super)level sets of functions that are merely continuous at the data set arguments but are otherwise smooth. Special functions, called data signals, are defined for any given data set and are used to succesfully solve supervised classification problems in a robust way that depends continuously on the data set. The efficacy of the method is illustrated with a series of low dimensional examples and by its application to the standard benchmark high dimensional problem of MNIST digit classification.


The dynamic welding behaviour at make operation is one important characteristic of electrical contacts and a key parameter to ensure secure usage of electricity. Model switch and device tests have been performed to work out the main factors influencing contact sticking. The behaviour of different silver metal oxides (Ag/CdO, Ag/SnO2, Ag/ZnO), including various groups of additives like low melting and boiling metal oxides (Bi2O3), and combinations thereof were studied under different loads. Two main working mechanisms - that significantly influence and define the sticking tendency - have been found for different arcing loads. They can be explained by metallurgical investigations and divided into mechanisms under low (below 0.3 Ws), medium (0.3 - 10 Ws), and high (above 10 Ws) arcing load. Low melting additives like Bi2O3 can effectively reduce weld strength at low and medium arcing energies by building up embrittling surface layers. This function is not given any more for high make arc energies or make operations on previous high energy break arcs, due to metal oxide depleted surface layers. Sublimating metal oxides (e.g. ZnO) leave bubbles within the microstructure and work better at high arcing energies. The paper presents a scientific basis to explain contact sticking failures under different types of loads and can be seen as a guideline for appropriate contact material selection.


Pain is a cardinal symptom in individuals with whiplash‐associated disorders (WAD). We aimed to compare pain characteristics between individuals with WAD and individuals reporting chronic pain from other causes, and to determine whether potential differences were accounted for by experimental pain tolerance.


48 Background: Free cross-platform instant messaging is a popular way of communicating in Panama. Is it possible to apply this in Palliative Care (PC)? Methods: This is a descriptive transversal study of some problems we could solve internally with the help of this cell phone-based application. The universe is the total of consultations of the PC Pediatric Support Team in Panamá Children's Hospital to the National Program of PC from May 2016 to July 2018. First, we developed a chat group, so all 55 members of the national palliative program can share specific information related to PC topics. We describe the most common problems that we can solve with the help of instant messaging technology such as: 1. Presentation of cases at the time of their going-back home from the hospital-team to the community-team. 2. Presentation of urgent cases to the National Aero-Naval Force to be transported by boat or plane. 3. Education of mothers on specific problems they have at home. Results: We had 113 consultations in pediatric palliative care group. Of those, 78% had to be presented to the community-health-care-center (88 cases). The time-of-response was in the range of 5-120 minutes. We had to arrange sanitary transportation by boat or plane in 14% of the cases. Of those cases we obtained a response by the Aero-Naval force in less than 24 hours. We solved specific palliative symptom problems such as: fever, administration of the rescue dose, mucositis, and coping problems in some patients that lived more than two hours from the nearest health-center. For this we used educational videos made for this purpose. Conclusions: Instant messaging technology is used for the provision of palliative care communication, safety transportation and clinical problem solving. It had to be used in conditions that protect the privacy of patients and families. This current study suggest that this is a new opportunity that must be considered for its efficiency in solving specific problems.


We propose and experimentally demonstrate a blind adaptive equalizer for a multiband (MB) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radio-over-fiber (RoF) system. The proposed equalizer adaptively decreases nonlinear and linear distortion, which might lead to serious signal degradation in MB OFDM transmission, without the use of a training signal. Instead of a training signal, error vector magnitude (EVM) and the power difference between the signal and the third-order intermodulation distortion components were observed in the equalizer. Therefore, the performance enhancement of MB OFDM transmission was experimentally verified in terms of EVM from 5.52% to 2.75% by mitigation of distortion. Consequently, the dynamic range of radio frequency input power was improved when the proposed equalizer was employed in an MB OFDM RoF system without increasing system overhead.


A data-line driver circuit based on poly-Si thin-film-transistors (TFTs) for current-programmed active-matrix OLED, which is built-in on a glass plate as a peripheral circuit, is newly proposed and its performance is analyzed by the analog circuit simulator, AIM-SPICE. This circuit can provide constant current to each data-line with small deviation and reduce the mummer of input terminals for a constant current source.


In this paper, a fabrication method of integrating micro-cooling pipe in LTCC board was proposed. In the experimental procedures, the micro-cooling pipe channels were filled by strip sacrificial materials. The experimental results showed that filling sacrificial materials could effectively prevent the channels from deformation or collapse during lamination and sintering process. Through the heat dissipation test, there were obvious temperature decreases, when the deionized water was pumped into the micro-cooling pipe. In the electrical performance test, the RF insertion loss of a single vertical interconnection was around 1dB and the insertion loss from total input branch to output branch was around 17dB. The test results prove that this fabrication method of integrating micro-cooling pipe into LTCC board is effective in practical use and can be applied to millimeter wave circuit for RF communication.


Car's safety has been a concern for all during use. The car's brake is the main measure to prevent harm to others and themselves. It is very important to understand braking process. By theoretical analysis and adams simulation technique, analysis was done to the relationship between the brake force distribution of before and after brake and vehicle load. The emphasis is braking process of different adhesion coefficient. The causes and results of not synchronized during brake process was analyzed and the corresponding solution is given.


A sampling-based optimization method for quadratic functions is proposed. Our method approximately solves the following $n$-dimensional quadratic minimization problem in constant time, which is independent of $n$: $z^*=\min_{\mathbf{v} \in \mathbb{R}^n}\langle\mathbf{v}, A \mathbf{v}\rangle + n\langle\mathbf{v}, \mathrm{diag}(\mathbf{d})\mathbf{v}\rangle + n\langle\mathbf{b}, \mathbf{v}\rangle$, where $A \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$ is a matrix and $\mathbf{d},\mathbf{b} \in \mathbb{R}^n$ are vectors. Our theoretical analysis specifies the number of samples $k(\delta, \epsilon)$ such that the approximated solution $z$ satisfies $|z - z^*| = O(\epsilon n^2)$ with probability $1-\delta$. The empirical performance (accuracy and runtime) is positively confirmed by numerical experiments.


Protected areas (PAs) represent a special kind of land use type with the protect ion of wildlife species, ecosystems or natural relics as the main objectives. Bu t the success or failure of protection depends on the effectiveness and sustaina bility of PA management, which is the fundamental guarantee of the healthy devel opment of PAs. Evaluation in functionality is an important instrument to drive P As towards effective and sustainable management. Based on the theory of fuzzy logic and questionnaire surveys, we gave a comprehe nsive evaluation of Wolong Nature Reserve in functionality in this paper. In the process of evaluation, we defined the functions of Wolong Nature Reserve as nat ure conservation, environmental education, scientific research, social developme nt and economic development. Each of the five major functions was further repres ented by three to five sub-criteria (sub-functions), respectively. Accordingly , a hierarchical criteria system with three layers was established for the evalu ation. Totally, there were five criteria in the second layer and twenty criteria in the third layer. The results showed that the function of nature conservation was in good situatio n, while, the other four major functions were in a situation not so good as expe cted. Therefore, the overall function, the uniform representation of the five ma jor functions, was just so-so. Of the five major functions, Wolong Nature Reser ve functioned best at nature conservation, followed by the functions of scientif ic research, social development, environmental education, and economic developme nt. These indicated that the functions of Wolong Nature Reserve were closely rel ated to each other. No matter where the dysfunctions occurred, the overall funct ion and the healthy development of Wolong Nature Reserve would be affected. To i mprove the overall function of Wolong Nature Reserve, the characteristics of the functions that are complementary and mutually reinforcing need to be taken into consideration. Only this way, can the various conflicts be resolved successfull y. The unilateralism and low efficiency in the management and decision making pr ocess can be overcome, subsequently. To keep the functions in harmony is favorab le to the sustainable development of Wolong Nature Reserve. The analysis of the sub-functions is helpful in the search of an entire improvement of the reserve functions.were f


Instrumental variables estimates of the effect of military service on subsequent civilian earnings either omit schooling or treat it as exogenous. In a more general setting that also allows for the treatment of schooling as endogenous, we estimate the veteran effect for men who were born between 1944 and 1952 and thus reached draft age during the Vietnam era. We apply a variety of state-of-the-art econometric techniques to gauge the sensitivity of the estimates to the treatment of schooling. We find a significant veteran penalty.


Free-base octamethyltetrapyrazinoporphyrazine (H2TPyzPzMe8), octaethyltetrapyrazonoporphirazine (H2TPyzPzEt8), and tetra-2,3-[5,6-(9,10-phenanthro)pyrazino]porphyrazine (H2T(PhnPyz)Pz) have been synthesized by cyclic tetramerization of corresponding dinitriles followed by demetallation of the obtained magnesium complexes. Reduction or deprotonation of these...


The sedimentation constants s0 at infinite dilution and the intrinsic viscosities [η] of five fractions of polyisobutylene have been determined in cyclohexane, a good solvent. Their osmotic molecular weights ranged from 3.1×104 to 1.4×106. Under the assumption that the effective hydrodynamic radii vary as the average linear dimensions of the molecule, f0/η0=P(〈r2〉)½ and [η]=Φ(〈r2〉)32/M, where f0 is the frictional coefficient, η0 is the viscosity of the solvent, 〈r2〉 is the mean‐square end‐to‐end distance of the molecule, and P and Φ are constants. In confirmation, s0[η]⅓/M⅔ is constant throughout the molecular weight range investigated. Furthermore, Φ⅓P−1=2.5×106. The close agreement of this quantity with values for four other systems reported in the literature indicates that P, like Φ, is a universal constant for flexible chain molecules. It follows also that the observed proportionality of s0 (or of M/f0) to M0.42 instead of to M½ occurs because of intramolecular interactions which cause the molecule in...


The invention discloses a protection device for a hydraulic cylinder displacement sensor. The protection device is characterized by comprising a base (1) consisting of a support (2) and a safe edge (5), wherein two through grooves (3) and two positioning grooves (4) are symmetrically formed in the support (2); a protection cover assembly (13) is mounted on a base and comprises a protection cover (6), a spring (9) and a baffle ring (8), two clamp claws (7) are symmetrically arranged on the outer edge of the top end of the protection cover (6) and matched with the through grooves (3) and the positioning grooves (4) on the support (2), the spring (9) is positioned by the baffle ring (8) in the protection cover (6), the baffle ring (8) is tightly pressed onto the clamp claws (7) by spring force, and two notches (10) are formed in the baffle ring (8) and correspondingly mounted with the clamp claws (7); and a sealing ring mounting groove (11) is formed in the outer edge of the protection cover (6), and stuffing box mounting holes (12) are formed in the bottom. The protection cover cannot fall off during common vibration, stable operation of equipment is effectively guaranteed, and the protection device is convenient to mount and dismount, facilitates daily maintenance and is convenient and fast.


The Urban Question, by Manuel Castells, is an important contri bution to the growing Marxist critique of urban studies. The book's central criti cism is that the histoncal relativity of the term "urban" makes the urban field one without a rigorously defined object. As such, urban studies becomes an ideology which masks social relations with environmental determinism. Castells puts for ward the hypothesis that the term "urban" refers to the ideological apprehension of the collective reproduction of labor power in capitalist societies. He under takes several empirical and theoretical studies that are not very useful because they rely on an eclectic, formalistic empiricism. The hypothesis that the "urban" is an ideology reflecting reproduction requires a rigorous formulation of the specificity of "reproduction," "ideology," and the "urban" in relation to the mode of production. The so-called "ideological instance" actually refers to particular relations produced in the capitalist mode of production. I suggest that the "urban" simultaneously refers to the processes of socialization of production, realization of surplus value, and collective reproduction of labor power.


We present quantum algorithms for sampling from non-logconcave probability distributions in the form of $\pi(x) \propto \exp(-\beta f(x))$. Here, $f$ can be written as a finite sum $f(x):= \frac{1}{N}\sum_{k=1}^N f_k(x)$. Our approach is based on quantum simulated annealing on slowly varying Markov chains derived from unadjusted Langevin algorithms, removing the necessity for function evaluations which can be computationally expensive for large data sets in mixture modeling and multi-stable systems. We also incorporate a stochastic gradient oracle that implements the quantum walk operators inexactly by only using mini-batch gradients. As a result, our stochastic gradient based algorithm only accesses small subsets of data points in implementing the quantum walk. One challenge of quantizing the resulting Markov chains is that they do not satisfy the detailed balance condition in general. Consequently, the mixing time of the algorithm cannot be expressed in terms of the spectral gap of the transition density, making the quantum algorithms nontrivial to analyze. To overcome these challenges, we first build a hypothetical Markov chain that is reversible, and also converges to the target distribution. Then, we quantified the distance between our algorithm's output and the target distribution by using this hypothetical chain as a bridge to establish the total complexity. Our quantum algorithms exhibit polynomial speedups in terms of both dimension and precision dependencies when compared to the best-known classical algorithms.


Compared with conventional hydraulic fracturing, coiled tubing (CT) annular delivery sand fracturing technology is a new method to enhance the recovery ratio of low permeability reservoir. Friction pressure loss through CT has been a concern in fracturing. The small diameter of CT limits the cross-sectional area open to flow, therefore, to meet large discharge capacity, annular delivery sand technology has been gradually developed in oilfield. Friction pressure is useful for determining the required pump horsepower and fracturing construction design programs. Coiled tubing can buckle when the axial compressive load acting on the tubing is greater than critical buckling load, then the geometry shape of annular will change. Annular friction pressure loss elevates dramatically with increasing of discharge capacity, especially eccentricity and CT buckling. Despite the frequency occurrence of CT buckling in oilfield operations, traditionally annular flow frictional pressure loss considered concentric and eccentric annuli, not discussing the effects of for discharge capacity and sand ratio varying degree of CT buckling. The measured data shows that the factors mentioned above cannot be ignored in the prediction of annular pressure loss. It is necessary to carry out analysis of annulus flow pressure drop loss in coiled tubing annular with the methods of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Coiled tubing buckling has great influence on pressure loss of fracturing fluid. Therefore, the correlations have been developed for turbulent flow of Newtonian fluids and Two-phase flow (sand-liquid), and that improve the friction pressure loss estimation in coiled tubing operations involving a considerable level of buckling. Quartz sand evidently increases pressure loss in buckling annular, rising as high as 40%-60% more than fresh water. Meanwhile, annulus flow wetted perimeter increases with decreasing helical buckling pitch of coiled tubing, therefore, the annulus flow frictional pressure loss rapidly increases with decreasing helical buckling pitch. The research achievement provides theoretical guidance for coiled tubing annular delivery sand fracturing operation and design.


Background : A lot of protective tools such as sunshades (sun-cap), sun-shielding tints and various sunscreens are widely used to protect solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Although dermatologists are aware of these products, they do not know the exact protective efficacy or their stability after strong UV irradiation. Objective : We tried to measure the spectal absorbance and transmittance of various sunscreening products. In addition, we measured change of sunscreens's absorbance or transmittance after strong UV irradiation for 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Methods : We purchased five commercially available sunshades (product A-E), five sun-tinting films (product A-E), and eight sunscreens (product A-H) with similar sun-protection factor (SPF) around 30, and measured spectral absorbance and transmittance of those agents. For the sunscreens, they were irradiated with 250 watt Xenon-Arc lamp and change of spectral responses were evaluated. Results : 1. In absorption and transmission spectra of five different sun-caps; sun-cap C showed very good protection in entire UV range whereas all others protected UV only partially. 2. Absorption and transmission spectra of six different sun-shielding tints showed all of them protected UV fairly well and tint C showed the best protection. 3. Eight different sunscreens showed profound differences in spectal absorbances or transmittances. Sunscreen-A showed the best protection and there was no relationship between price and spectral-protection of sunscreens. 4. In the photo-stability of eight sunscreens after UV-irradiation, there were big differences. Only sunscreen-A showed the least change after UV irradiation, and all other sunscreens showed a change of spectra by increased UV-irradiation time. Conclusion : Protection efficacies of sunscreening products were variable, and most sunscreens were unstable to strong UV irradiation. Further studies would be necessary to give proper information for protecting UV effectively to dermatologists and consumers.


Chapter 3 turns to political theory to explore the normative foundations of the state's power over immigration. It examines theories based on (1) the value of cultural and national identity, (2) the right to property, (3) freedom of association, and (4) freedom from unwanted obligations. The first three appeal to the value of collective self-determination. On the nationalist view, the fundamental imperative of immigration control is the preservation of culturally distinctive nations. The property argument derives the right of immigration control from the labor of citizens. The freedom-of-association argument regards citizens as parties to associations, such as marriage or a golf club, which have the right to refuse association with nonassociates. The freedom-from unwanted-obligations-argument does not directly engage with the idea of collective self-determination. I argue that each of these theories falls short of providing a convincing theory of state authority over immigration.


In this thesis, we analyse the optimisation of an annualised hours problem. Annualised hours problems are a widely studied subjects, in which the working hours for a given number of employees per week are minimised. We approach this problem with a mixed integer linear program, where the objective function of this problem is divided into two parts; the first is to find the minimisation on the maximum over and under staffing per week, the second to find working hours for each employee as close as possible to their contract hours. Additionally, we have a number of restrictions on the duration of a shift and the minimum and maximum amount of shifts in a given period. The project is done in collaboration with the company ORTEC. ORTEC provided a random data generator, to test the model with different methods. The model is intended for application on a dataset of 100 employees and 52 weeks. However, we test the model on different data sets of 52 weeks with 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 1000 employees and for 100 employees with 26, 52, 78 weeks. Besides analysing the model, we compare different algorithms. We use a Gurobi solver for an exact solution. Further, we consider Lagrangian relaxation, a heuristic method. In this method one of the constraints is put in the objective function. Besides this we consider a heuristic of hill climbing algorithm in combination with different local search algorithms. For the local search we use two neighbourhoods, one based on the employees, the other based on the weeks. We found that a Gurobi solver solves the model in reasonable computation time with an average of 6 seconds for a data set of 100 employees and 52 weeks. For Lagrangian relaxation, we found an even better computation time than with the Gurobi solver. However, this difference is hardly notable for a data set of 100 employees and 52 weeks and the effect of Lagrangian relaxation is more clear for bigger data sets. The hill climbing algorithm had a consistent and low computation time, but the objective function value differs considerably from the exact solution and resulted in most cases a difference of more than 10 percent.


The purpose of this research is to determine what factors affect the communication of teachers in students with autism extraordinary school of Mitra Iswara in the Tasikmalaya Regency. This research discusses how instructional communication is carried out by teachers in students with autism. This research also answers why schools choose to implement learning communication that combines autistic children students at the same time and same class. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques used were non-participant observation and interviews. The results showed that the factors that influence communication between teachers and students with autistic children are teachers' competence. In this case, the ability to communicate in class both verbally or non-verbally. The second factor is how students are capturing lessons and material from the teacher. The third is the role of parents in the learning process, both at home and at school. The communication patterns that are implemented in Mitra Iswara use communication patterns in one direction..


Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion is a commonly used external treatment in Zhinese Medicine.This paper introduces the feature,advantage,operating rules,mechanism and the application of Zhuang medicine medicated thread moxibustion in treating wind-toxin diseases(urticaria).


This paper gives the concept of the row(anti-) orthogonal matrix and studies some properties of the matrix,and concludes that the symmetric matrix and its own ranks,its transposed rows and columns,transposed matrix are invertible.


Supposing that the sensor and controller nodes were time-driven and the actuator node was event-driven, the problem of integrity against sensor failures for the networked control systems with short output delay and short control delay was discussed based on observer. The state observer of the system according to the time-delay compensation strategy was designed. Then, considering possible sensor failures, an augmented mathematic model for the networked control systems based on observer was developed. In terms of the given quadratic performance index function, the integrity condition of the system was given and the designs for guaranteed cost fault-tolerant controller and observer were presented respectively by using the cooperative design approach of the controller and observer and the approach of bilinear matrix inequalities. Finally, a numerical simulation example demonstrated the conclusions are feasible and effective. The proposed control method meets the requirements in industrial networked control systems.


This paper discusses the importance of interrupt-handling in NC machining system with the example of non-circle piston pin-hole machining system , and the technique of developing Vxd to handle external interrupt using WinDriver tool .The paper validate the feasibility of developing Windows NC software via some examinations. The study is helpful to convert NC software from the OS of Dos to Windows.


be a problem comparing them because they record performance in different test units; the Pelli-Robson chart uses a log contrast sensitivity seale and the Cambridge Grating Test uses an arbitrary integer scale. However, when two tests measure the same attribute it should be possible to express subjects" scores in the same units, e.g. log contrast sensitivity, even when the usual clinical units of the tests are different. In the case of the Cambridge Grating Test, both the test score sheet and designers of the test'** have provided information which allows the integer scale to be transformed to a log contrast sensitivity scale. A similar situation might arise if one wished to assess agreement between grating resolution, measured in cycles per degree (cpd), and letter acuity, measured in logMAR units; it is a relatively simple task to transform logMAR acuity units into cpd, despite the fact that letter acuity is not often measured in this way by clinicians. Clearly, it would not be possible to transform logMAR units in a way which would allow the agreement between logMAR acuity and contrast sensitivity (at any spatial frequency above the resolution threshold) to be assessed. It would however be quite inappropriate to consider assessing agreement between these two variables, since they reflect two different aspects of visual performance. Indeed, it might be wise to formulate a general rule that if the scores on two tests cannot be expressed in the same units they should not be compared because it is likely that they are not measuring the same attribute.


Introduction

While the key transforming genetic events occur in the developing cancerous cell, this cell is dependent on its environmental context and interaction for competitive outgrowth and subsequent tumor-development. Myelofibrosis (MF) represents a model cancer disease with stepwise development from a chronic state that depends on microenvironmental interactions to a more aggressive disease. Engraftment of primary MF patient cells in murine xenograft models is poor (Wang et al., JCI 2012) and is possibly explained by the lack of supportive microenvironmental factors. Thrombopoietin (TPO) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MF (Schepers et al., Cell Stem Cell 2013, Dadfarnia et al., Blood 2014, Abdel-Wahab et al., Annu Rev Med 2009). Also, the interaction between human hematopoietic cells and SIRPα expressed on mouse macrophages is critical for human engraftment in xenografts (Takenaka et al., Nature Immunology 2007). We hypothesized that the constitutive expression of human TPO and human SIRPα may promote the development of the human MF clone in mouse xenografts.

Methods

Purified peripheral blood CD34+ cells were collected from six patients with primary MF or post-PV/ET MF and low to intermediate 2 risk disease according to the dynamic international prognostic scoring system (DIPSS). Four patients carried a JAK2 -V617F mutation and two patients carried a calreticulin ( CALR ) mutation. CD34+ cells were intrahepatically transplanted into sublethally irradiated newborn humanSIRPα-transgenic/humanTPO-knockin Rag2-/- gamma-/- (TPO-SIRPα) mice (Rongvaux et al., Ann Rev. Immunol 2013). NSG mice were used as controls and injected with the same number of CD34+ cells. Two to three mice were injected with ≥1 million CD34+ cells from the same patient sample each. Mice were sacrificed 12-16 weeks after transplantation and human engraftment and hematopoietic cell lineage distribution was assessed by flow cytometry using human specific antibodies. Tissues were collected for immunohistochemistry, assessment of fibrosis and spleen weight. DNA was extracted from whole bone marrow and a qualitative PCR was performed to determine the presence of the JAK2 -V617F or CALR -mutations.

Results

Three out of six samples generated a human graft of ≥20% human CD45+ cells, while the three other samples generated engraftment of 0.1-3%. The human graft was mainly composed of myeloid cells and monocytic differentiation was observed. In 2/2 experiments analysed, a JAK2 -V617F and a CALR type 2 mutation were detected in the bone marrow of engrafted mice transplanted with the respective patient sample. Development of fibrosis was not observed three months post-transplantation, presumably due to the short observation time. Spleen weight was significantly increased in mice engrafted with human MF and was the consequence of increased murine extramedullary hematopoiesis. We then aimed to identify factors that could predict human MF engraftment in TPO-SIRPα mice. While neither the DIPSS, nor the presence of myeloid precursors in the peripheral blood (blasts excluded) were predictive of human MF engraftment, the presence of blasts in the peripheral blood significantly correlated with engraftment potential. Importantly, none of the patients developed acute leukemia during follow-up. Finally, preliminary evidence suggests that TPO-SIRPα mice are more supportive of human MF engraftment than NSG mice.

Conclusions

This is the first xenograft model that supports robust engraftment of human peripheral blood MF cells and further supports a role for TPO in the pathogenesis of MF. In contrast to previous models TPO-SIRPα mice strongly promote myeloid rather than lymphoid engraftment. The tight correlation between the presence of peripheral blood blasts and the human MF engraftment potential suggests that human MF stem cells reside in the blast population. In summary, the xenograft model presented here constitutes a powerful tool to assess heterogeneity regarding MF biology, microenvironmental dependence of the MF clone and likely also therapeutic response of MF in vivo .

Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Contaminants, esp. hydrocarbon impurities, are removed from fluorinated lubricants free from hydrogen, e.g. perfluoro ether or chloro-fluoro carbons by a filter. This filter is designed with a deep bed and uses an adsorbent as the filtering material. Pref. deep-bed filter for the contaminated lubricant uses an adsorbent, pref. activated alumina, or else clay, bauxite, Fuller's earth, or silica gel.


The issue in the case of Bressol1 revolves around the attempt of the French community of Belgium to restrict the access of non-residents to certain types of studies, in particular seven (para)medical degrees.2 Issues relating to access to (higher) education have been a recurring theme before the court of Justice of the European Union ever since the case of Gravier3 in which the court held that students could rely on the principle of nondiscrimination to claim equal treatment as regards access to education. The case of Bressol adheres to and reinforces that settled principle but for the first time offers guidance to Member states seeking to limit the access of foreign nationals to certain medical courses in order to protect the quality of national healthcare. Bressol is furthermore an interesting case because of the development in the reasoning adopted by the court regarding access to education, as well as for its approach to direct discrimination.


A numerical model based on k - E turbulent model and EBU-Arrhenius turbulent combustion model is applied to simulate the venting process in cylindrical vessel (L/D =5.6).The flow fields of venting occurred at venting pressure of 0.02 MPa through different vent area show that during venting process the flame propagation and deformation is intensified by a venting induced flow; vent area is the main factor for determining the vent inducing flow. Small vent area and low venting pressure produce weak venting induced flow; large vent area usually produces a relatively strong venting induced flow; even the venting pressure is low. The squish flow and reverse flow which induced the velocity gradient is the possible mechanism of tulip flame.


In this paper I call into question the referential paradigm, drawing on the conceptual framework developed by contemporary Anthropology, Linguistic Anthropology, Sociolinguistics and Applied Linguistics. I call for the urgent problematization of the so-called referential metaphysics while arguing that constructs such as entextualization and indexicality can shake the strong representational tradition in the field of language studies – a tradition sustained by an infectious modernist linguistic ideology and authoritarian and monist models of reality. The latter have been losing ground, as an explanatory apparatus, amidst the intense mobility and complexity of globalization processes which require new theoretical-analytical tools. This work is licensed under a  Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License .


Purpose Miltefosine (MLT) and combinations of Miltefosine and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), chlorhexidine (CHX), and propamidine isethionate (PI), respectively, have been tested in a rat efficacy model for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis. In a second step, the most promising treatment regimens from efficacy studies have been tested for local tolerance in a fully GLP‐compliant toxicological study in pigmented rabbits.


Smoking injures blood vessel walls by damaging endothelial cells, thus increasing permeability to lipids and other blood components. It is a major health problem that results in significant morbidity and mortality. Scanty information on haemostatic studies on smokers was observed in Nigerian population especially in this locality, hence the reason for the study. The objective is to assess the prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time test values of cigarette smokers and to observe if there is any significant effect of cigarette smoking on these parameters. Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time with kaolin (PTTk) was investigated in 240 volunteers in Calabar, Cross-River state of Nigeria. The comprised 120 cigarette smokers and 120 age and sex matched non-cigarette smokers. Citrated blood samples were collected and their plasma analyzed using Standard methods within an hour of sample collection. The results show that mean prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time values of smokers were significantly lower (P<0.001) when compared with the non-smokers. Duration of smoking significantly lowered the mean values of partial thromboplastin time test and prothrombin time test of smokers (P<0.001, P<0.05) respectively. PT and PTT (K) of smokers did not vary significantly (P>0.05) based on sex and age. It was concluded that cigarette intake as well as duration of intake, reduces PT and PTT (K) values thus may predispose cigarette smokers to rheologic abnormalities.


Given the tax reform Law 1607 of 2012, the Colombian government initiates a turn to the tax systems of natural person, changing the distinction between nationals and foreigners, to a structured for residents and nonresidents one. However, the changes were not implemented throughout the Tax Statute (ts), which caused serious legal problems for non-resident Colombians who came to work in Colombia. The following research was developed under the methodology of the case study, with the mean goal of analyzing the discriminatory acts that the tax rule generates in non-resident Colombians against foreigners; specifically, the formal obligation to declare, the withholding tax, the migrant worker's law, the agreements to avoid double taxation, and the way to purge the nonresidents income. In addition to the results of the analysis, a law project is propused to eliminate the word "foreigner" in some st articles, in order to solve the discriminatory acts and the legal gaps in the law, referring to non-resident Colombians.


Brewers' spent grains (BSG) form 85% of the waste products from the brewing process. BSG contain a number of substances with functional benefits and can be used for the production of new food types. The present publication considers the main characteristics of BSG derived from six malt types: light barley malt, Pilsner malt, wheat malt, Munich malt type II, Vienna malt and Carafa malt type III. The spent grain starch content, the degree of starch gelatinization, the phenolic compound content and the antioxidant capacity of the spent grains were examined. Based on the values of the latter three parameters, optimization of a malt mixture was performed, which guaranteed BSG with a maximum total phenolic compound value and maximum antioxidant capacity. It was found that the type and the conditions for malt production influenced the physicochemical composition of brewers' spent grains. Copyright © 2017 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling


LIGO has detected a second burst of gravitational waves from merging black holes, suggesting that such detections will soon become routine and part of a new kind of astronomy.


In the title quinoline derivative, the two benzyl rings are inclined to the quinoline ring mean plane by 74.09 (8) and 89.43 (7)°.


The XIX International Panarin Readings, convened on December 23, 2021, were dedicated to the memory of Professor Valery Nikolaevich Rastorguev (1949–2021) from the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law at the Faculty of Philosophy of Lomonosov Moscow State University, who was a long-standing organizer and initiator of these readings. The Panarin Readings, initiated in 2003 following the demise of the notable Russian philosopher and political scientist, Alexander Sergeyevich Panarin, have now evolved into an international forum. Since 2008, the primary venue for these readings has been the Department of Philosophy of Politics and Law at the Faculty of Philosophy of Lomonosov Moscow State University. The central theme of the conference's plenary session was Russia's national identity amidst strategic instability. The summary encapsulates key insights from over two dozen plenary reports presented by a diverse group of scholars, politicians, publicists, and theologians from various countries. These presentations highlighted both the challenges faced by modern states in preserving national identity and the crucial need for the scientific community and policymakers to pay close attention to this issue.


We report cross sections for the process ..gamma gamma -->..pp-bar at center-of-mass energies W from 2.0 to 2.8 GeV. These results have been extracted from measurements of e/sup +/e/sup -/..-->..e/sup +/e/sup -/pp-bar at an overall center-of-mass energy of 29 GeV, using the TPC/Two-Gamma facility at the SLAC storage ring PEP. Cross sections for the untagged mode (both photons nearly real) are shown to lie well above QCD predictions. Results are also presented for the single-tagged mode (one photon in the range 0.16


This paper introduces our ongoing work on generative modeling of speech fundamental frequency (F0) contours for estimating prosodic features from raw speech data. The present F0 contour model is formulated by translating the Fujisaki model, a well-founded mathematical model representing the control mechanism of vocal fold vibration, into a probabilistic model described as a discrete-time stochastic process. The motivation behind this formulation is two fold. One is to derive a general parameter estimation framework for the Fujisaki model, allowing for the introduction of powerful statistical methods. The other is to construct an automatically trainable version of the Fujisaki model so that in future it can be used to develop a statistical speaking style conversion system or incorporated into existing text-to-speech synthesis systems to improve the naturalness and intelligibility of computer-generated speech. We also briefly introduce a generative model of F0 contours of singing voice developed under the same spirit. Index Terms: speech F0 contour, Fujisaki model, generative model, hidden Markov model, EM algorithm


Background: Pregnancy causes a significant burden on cardiovascular system due to hemodynamic changes therefore a diseased heart may not be able to adjust with extra load resulting in heart failure and even maternal mortality. Methods: A prospective study was done in 50 women with heart disease over a period of 12 months from 2010 to 2011 at G.S.V.M. Medical College, Kanpur. At the first antenatal visit baseline data is recorded included age, parity, gestational age, NYHA class, co-morbid conditions, prior cardiac events, cardiac lesion (if already diagnosed), prior surgery/interventions, cyanosis and medications. A thorough clinical examination and investigations were done. Results: Maximum numbers of patients (56%) were in the age group 20-24 years. 52 % of patients were primigravida and 48 % of patients were multigravida. Maximum numbers of patients (76.67%) were in the lower socioeconomic group. Chronic rheumatic heart disease (84%) was the most common type of heart disease followed by congenital cardiac disease (14%). Heart disease if diagnosed preconceptionally or during earlier period of gestation both maternal (8.9%) and foetal complications (22.8%) are lesser as compared to patients in whom diagnosis was made late. There is also the significant difference with majority of the foetal complications in group IV (80%) (preterm birth, IUGR and perinatal mortality) as compared to group I (14.2%). Conclusions: Maternal and perinatal outcome in women with heart disease depends mainly on the functional cardiac status during pregnancy, the risk being greater in NYHA III and IV. Our study shows that surgical intervention or medical management in pregnancy improves the functional class and also improves the maternal and fetal outcomes. Interventions can only be successfully done either before pregnancy or during 2 nd trimester. When patients were diagnosed before pregnancy we have enough time for counseling and treatment. Counseling further increase the compliance and acceptance for medical and surgical interventions.


......................................................................................................vi Table of contents .........................................................................................vii List of tables ...............................................................................................ix List of figures ...............................................................................................x Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................1 1.1 Influenza A virus ........................................................................................................4 1.2 The role of the Nuclear Export Protein (NEP) in Influenza A infection .................9 1.3 SUMOylation: a post-translational conjugation system of the Small Ubiquitin MOdifier (SUMO)....................................................................................................12 1.4 SUMOylation and viruses ........................................................................................15 1.5 Thesis goal ..............................................................................................................18 Chapter 2: Identification of the Nuclear Export Protein (NEP) as a target of the cellular SUMOylation system ......................................................................................21 2.1 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................21 2.2 Results ....................................................................................................................23 2.3 Discussion ..............................................................................................................30 Chapter 3: Characterize specific SUMOylation site(s) in NEP ................................32


A novel carbon fiber/copper mesh knitted fabric reinforced carbon (Cf/Cu/C) composite was fabricated by a CVI-I/C technique. The mechanical, electrical, arc discharge and tribological properties of the Cf/Cu/C composite were compared with those of a traditional C/Cu composite fabricated by powder metallurgy. The results show that the copper mesh distributes uniformly in the Cf/Cu/C composite, and it exhibits higher mechanical property and more excellent electrical resistivity than those of the C/Cu composite. Meanwhile, the arc resistance property of Cf/Cu/C composite is also better than the C/Cu composite under the same testing conditions. The wear rate is about 80% of the C/Cu composite.


The report documents the procedures used to commission a Cooper wheel tracking apparatus. Practical issues are discussed with emphasis on achieving a repeatable outcome. This involved checking the accuracy of the loading system and the deformation measurement system. Temperature is a large factor affecting the test outcome and the spatial variation within the temperature controlled cabinet was assessed. In addition, the temperature of test samples both on the testing table and on the storage shelf were monitored to derive procedures that ensure that the core temperature during testing was 60 Degrees Celsius.


This paper introduced a two-stage stochastic model to address the strategic air freight network design problems under stochastic demand. Most of existing approaches for the airline network design problems are restricted to deterministic environment. However, the demand in airline market usually varies seasonally. The first stage of the proposed model is to determine the number and the location of hubs. The second stage consists of deciding the flight routes to transport flows from origins to destinations in an optimal fashion based upon the hub location and realized uncertain scenario. Finally, the data from air passenger market in Taiwan and China is used to test the proposed model.


The fabrication of a multicomponent responsive polymer ultrathin film through the combined use of the layer-by-layer (LbL) and surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) techniques is described. Through the use of the weak polyelectrolytes poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and two alternately charged atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) macroinitiators, a pH-controlled membrane was prepared capable of SIP. Polymerization of n-isopropylacrylamide to form PNIPAM brushes on top of this membrane surface created a thermally responsive layer. The combination of these two systems created a dual control mechanism for permeability through the membrane where pH control can be utilized on the polyelectrolyte LbL layers and thermal control on the polymer brushes. A series of experiments including electrochemistry, contact angle, and in-situ ellipsometry were used to demonstrate these effects. It is possible that other stimuli-responsive systems can be designed using the two indepen...


H ealthy aging is a significant global health issue. Many parts of the world are facing increased proportions of older people in the population and concomitant increased burden of disease, and this is likely to pose significant challenges to individuals, families, and the broader society. From this perspective, optimizing health and reducing chronic disease risk in middle years are among the most promising and cost-effective strategies for reducing morbidity and premature death. The article by Wu et al in this issue of Menopause addresses this specific issue by examining the efficacy of a lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular disease risk factors in women either in the menopausal transition or in early postmenopause. The 12-month multimodal intervention comprised (1) a booklet on menopause, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and dietary and physical activity recommendations; (2) face-to-face interviews about healthy diet and physical activity at baseline; (3) targeted physical activity goals (Q3 d/wk for 40-60 min each session); and (4) ongoing motivational contact with the research team. The study showed that the intervention had a modest but significant effect on weight, body mass, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio at 3 months, and caused a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure and cholesterol at 12 months. Given the potential increase in cardiovascular risk associated with the menopausal transition, any decrease in lipids, blood pressure, and body fat distribution is likely to yield long-term health benefits. A systematic review by Flegal et al suggested that, compared with individuals in the normal weight range, those who are obese have significantly higher all-cause mortality even after adjustment for potential covariates. Zhang et al also evaluated the impact of physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors in midlife women. Again, women in the intervention group showed reductions in body weight, waist circumference, triglycerides, and total cholesterol at the end of the 12-week trial. Clearly, regular cardiovascular exercise has a positive impact on short-term health and well-being; however, two of the challenges in this population are ensuring sustained behavioral change particularly when health behaviors are contextualized within multiple and complex roles and alterations to health and physical functioning. This study also tested the effect of exercise on menopausal symptoms. Despite cultural variations, experiences of menopausal symptoms, including vasomotor symptoms, irritability, insomnia, and abnormal sensations in extremities, tend to be the more commonly reported symptoms associated with the menopausal transition. These symptoms, whether transient or more prolonged, are likely to have a significant impact on women's health and functioning. Although the propensity of exercise to relieve menopausal symptoms is not new, only limited studies have explored the impact of exercise on Asian women's menopausal experiences. The outcomes of these studies are of particular interest to the readers of Menopause as they add to the evidence suggesting that the menopausal transition is a sensitive period that is likely to influence the trajectory of women's health as they age. The studies also suggest that targeted intervention (ie, adopting healthy lifestyle behaviors) will decrease both cardiovascular disease risk and menopausal symptoms. The studies have significant implications for policy and practice because by intervening at this potentially sensitive time in a woman's life, we may be able to improve health and slow decline as women transition from midlife to older years. Of course, we must also be wary of the one-size-fits-all intervention, given that sustained change is more likely to occur in the presence of a tailored intervention that can be integrated into one's lifestyle.


In this paper, we present a new benchmark collection that shows how 404 users' knowledge changed over the course of a search-as-learning session. We estimate the knowledge a user gains from each visited document and monitor knowledge change on a document-by-document basis. We describe the specifics of how this collection was created and provide a use case that illustrates potential future applications.


The 2020 Covid-19 recession differs from past recessions due to the immediate economic collapse, making it a unique setting in which to assess local economic resilience. Using county-level data, we identify initial effects of the pandemic and accompanying stay-at-home orders on consumer spending, unemployment insurance claims, small businesses, and low-income employment and earnings. We discuss heterogeneity related to pre-pandemic county characteristics and find differences compared to past recessions. Counties with larger leisure services employment shares fared worse, while counties with less-educated, younger workforces fared better. We find an ambiguous role of small businesses in contrast with favorable impacts during prior downturns. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Objective To investigate the operative treatment which is the best for huge staghorn renal stones. Method 218 cases of huge staghorn renal stones were treated by pneumatic lithotripsy through intrarenal sinus extension pyelostomy. Results Successful removal of the stones were achieved in all the patients. The average operation time was 90 min. Blood transfusion was not required during the operation. Postoperative B ultrasound examination revealed small residual calculi (diameter0.8 cm) of the 200 patients. Conclusion The method is easy, safe and effective, and it may substitute the ordinary renal parenchymal lithotomy.


uidetur uia ab occidentali terrae ora .. . . ducens' says (e.g.) Dissen on Pind. 01. 2. 70; it is the regular and the natural inference; it is confirmed, for example, by the original account of this paradise of Rhadamanthys in Odyssey iv. 563-9 (Ze<f>vpou>, 567); cf. Eur. Hipp. 742-51. For my part I agree with Pauly-Wissowa, s.v. Tithonus, 1517. 20, that the writer of hymn. Horn. v. 227 (the authority for Robertson's ' to the shores of Ocean') meant the East, where Dawn rises; and therefore had no such paradise in mind. Admitting that remotus in auras is vague, Robertson nevertheless finds it a phrase 'of haunting charm'. Surely that must be a strange argument for authenticity in Horace, who neither achieves nor seeks to achieve vague phrases of haunting charm; and in particular, there is no haunting charm in conuiua deorum or any other phrase in this elegant and pointed descriptive catalogue. For me, at least, the beauty of this poem as a whole lies in its equable and limpid plangency, an effect which the least obscurity or even vagueness would destroy. One other negative also I did think that I had demonstrated, namely (on p. 104, col. i, lines 21-5) that occidit in line 7 of this poem cannot possibly de-


but 'possibly this very marked increase in the lymphocytes indicates an effort in the same direction. To suni up: In this spleenless youth the ability to produce inflammatory leucocytosis was demonstrated, digestive leucocytosis was absent, and after six months the lymphocytes had markedly increased and a few myclocytes had made their appearance. Rupture of the spleen is not an uncommon injury. Makins in an examination of 292 cases of injury to the abdominal organs found 89 of rupture of various viscera. Of these the kidniey was first (39 per cent.), then the liver (23.5 per cent.), and thirdly, the spleen. Previous to 1890 only 3 cases had been treated by splenectomy, and these were all unsuccessful. The first successful case was by Regnier of Breslau in 1892; this was followed by 2 cases by Ballance, and 1 by Pitts in 1895, and 1 each by Bernhardt (1897), Chrobak (1898), and Heaton (1898), all successful. There were two unsuccessful cases by Lane in 1890. Against this, Eisendrath (Annal. Surg., December, 1902) says that from 1890 to 1900 there have been 34 cases, of which 20 recovered, and 14 died. During the present century I have -only been able to End rieferences to 11 cases in English journals, 8 of which recovered. Eisendrath has collected 53 cases in 1900-1902, in which were 28 recoveries (52.8 per cent.). Fevrier (Rev. -de Chir., 1901) says 56 are reported, 46 of which were operated on, with a mortality of 50 per cent. Mauclair in 1901 collected 61 operations, with 31 recoveries. Berger of Halberstadt has, as far as I can discover, collected the largest number of cases, namely, 67, with 38 recoveries. It appears, then, that the operation has been performed on some 70 cases, with a mortality of about 50 per cent. Since writing the above, I see that Mr. Graham Simpson (BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, November 18th, 1905) lhas collected 100 cases.


Heavy rainfall data are often used in engineering design of structures that control storm runoff. Series of annual maximum precipitation (1960-1990) in 14 fixed time intervals from 20 meteorological stations in Poland were used to develop a general relationship for rainfall depth, duration and frequency. Generalization of rainfall information was done by means of regional description. The regions were distinguished by using cluster analysis.