Slant-hole drilling rig, which can be used to drill inclined well from the ground, is used widely. During designing and research, it is very important to meet working reliability and requirement under various loads and working conditions. As for the complex structure of slant-hole drilling rig, we cannot get the real analytical solutions at present condition. Therefore, the paper establish the three-dimensional finite element models which are about the lifting process and working conditions of slant-hole drilling rig, study the applied loads of each working condition and analyze the stress-strain regulation of slant-hole drilling rig and its influential factor. Based on the analytical results of deformation and stress, an improvement scheme for the slant-hole drilling rig's structure can is put forward.


The utility model belongs to the technical field of tea packaging tools, and relates to a tea packaging box. The tea packaging box comprises a box body, a cover covers the top of the box body, the inner side face of the cover is provided with a boss, the boss is located in the box body when the cover covers the box body, the side wall of the boss is attached to the inner side wall of the box body, the bottom of the box body is provided with a bottom plate, the bottom face of the outer side of the bottom plate is provided with a convex ring, and the convex ring can be inserted into a cover of another tea packaging box. The small-capacity tea packaging box can be sold independently, and multiple small-capacity tea packaging boxes can be assembled into a large-capacity tea packaging box.


As one of the major techniques for determining high-resolution protein structures,high-field solution NMR has achieved remarkable developments during the past twenty years. With the advances of advanced spectrometer hardware,NMR pulse techniques and protein labeling strategies,the size of the protein that can be studied by solution NMR now exceeds 25 k,and can reach tens and even hundreds of kilo Dalton. In addition,solution NMR has also been widely used in the studies of protein dynamics,and is the only technology that can be used to probe protein motions at multiple sites simultaneously. In this review,we briefly summarize the methods for studying protein structures and dynamics using solution NMR,accompanied by examples to demonstrate the latest developments in the field.


Tanikawa is a liver clinician spending about half his time seeing clinical problems and the rest in investigation; electron microscopy (EM) is one of his tools. As a result of his clinical interest he has produced an extremely usable monograph on the value of electron microscopy of the liver. More than half of the book consists of full-page micrographs, each with legends that enhance and teach. A few schematic line drawings clarify dynamic phenomenon. Normal liver histology and physiology make up about one third of the book. Thus, the movement of particulate matter from the space of Disse into the liver cell and from bile duct lumen back into perilymphatic spaces is clearly shown. Common and uncommon pathological states are covered with proper emphasis from the clinical point of view on differential diagnosis. Many points are demonstrated convincingly in the photographs that I had found previously only alluded to in


The article is devoted to defining the economic, social and cultural circumstances, as well as the motivation of the business affairs, procedures characterization for the establishment of companies in Siberia XIX-XX centuries.


Background. Intracapsular and para-articular chondroma is a rare variant of the extraskeletal chondromas. It arises from the capsule and/or the para-articular connective tissue of the large joints (mostly the knee) and is a result of cartilaginous metaplasia. In course of time these tumors ossify and this is where their second name comes from: Para-articular osteochondromas. According to Jaffe, not dependent on the degree of ossification of this tumor, there is one single entity in question. Cases report. We report four new cases of para-articular chondroma of the knee. On physical examination there was slow-growing solid mass in the knee and moderate pain, the radiological findings and CT scan show soft-tissue mass with variable amount of ossification, and on histological examination the presence of mature hyaline and connective cartilage was confirmed in all of the cases. Conclusions. The diagnosis of these benign tumors is made with correlation of clinical, radiological and histological features. The treatment of choice is surgical excision in toto.


A 14-year-old boy with the congenital long QT syndrome type 1 (LQTS 1) had a dualchamber Medtronic Entrust D154ATG defibrillator (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA), implanted at 9 years of age for recurrent syncope despite β-blockade. He had been having exercise-related syncope since 2 years of age, and at presentation had recorded QTc intervals as long as 0.52 seconds. The atrial lead was a Guidant 4470 bipolar pacing lead (Guidant Corp., Santa Clara, CA, USA), and the ventricular lead was a Medtronic 6931 Sprint Fidelis lead. He had experienced three appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) discharges while playing, following not taking his morning medication for a few days. His most recent medication schedule is nadolol 80 mg in the morning and 40 mg at night. Due to the defibrillator lead advisory, he was being monitored via Carelink. Managed ventricular pacing (MVP) was programmed on with AAI < = > DDD mode and a low rate of 80 beats per minute (bpm). Analysis of a routine transmission in June 2010 revealed an episode of atrial fibrillation (AF) that was asymptomatic and terminated spontaneously after 3 hours (Fig. 1). No acute programming changes were made at that time. One month later, the Carelink transmission again revealed another episode of AF lasting 47 minutes that was asymptomatic and terminated spontaneously. The onset of the AF is recorded (Fig. 2). What is the mechanism and why did it occur?


The introductory part will feature: rate of approximation of real numbers by rationals; theorems of Kronecker, Dirichlet, Liouville, Borel-Cantelli; connections with dynamical systems: circle rotations, hyperbolic flow in the space of lattices, geodesic flow on the modular survace, Gauss map (continued fractions); ergodicity, unique ergodicity, mixing, applications to uniform distribution of sequences (e.g. fractional parts of polynomials), Khinchin's Theorem and the method of regular systems.


Several publications have shown that joint source-channel decoding (JSCD) could be a powerful technique for taking advantage of residual source redundancy. Furthermore, it appeared that the principle could also be successfully applied to variable length codes (VLCs). This paper gives an in-depth analysis of a new method proposed by Guivarch, Carlach and Siohan (see Data Compression Conference (DCC), Snowbird, Utah, USA, Mar. 2000, p.83-92) and Guivarch, Siohan and Carlach (see International Communication Conference (ICT), Acapulco, Mexico, May 2000, p.872-76) to provide a low complexity soft decoding of VLCs with and without channel coding. Furthermore we also present new results obtained in a video coding context, using a VLC table from the MPEG4 video standard. Compared to separated decoding systems, the gain in signal to noise ratio varies from 0.3 dB up to 2 dB.


To solve the present problems,a JITT-based college students evaluation system is constructed and applied in Bohai University's program on elementary education.On the basis of JITT teaching mode,networked classrooms are used to evaluate students' performance,so that students may find their own drawbacks in study and take corresponding measures.


In view of that the current models are almost combining models of different kinds of forecast methods and the absence of substantial research on multi-scale combining in the context of traffic forecasts, we proposed a method that in multiple scales combines multiple forecasts based on prediction approaches of the same category. The method combines multi-scale analyses with exponential smoothing forecasting and its weights are assigned according to the performance of the various scales forecasts. Using four years actual data, we in two scales demonstrated it by forecasting annual traffic volumes for an expressway in China and the application verified its accuracy.


Effective ventilation systems are essential to control the particles transport such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus in airliner cabins, which is a significant concern for the flying public. Validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models are frequently and effectively used to investigate air distribution and contaminant transportation. In this study, the effectiveness of different ventilation systems with varying outlet vent locations in preventing the spread of airborne particles in an aircraft cabin was compared numerically to determine the best ventilation system regarding minimizing risk of infection spreading. Then, the optimization process for cabin air conditioning system was performed to determine how design variables (air inlet temperature, outlet valve width and location, and mass flow rate) affect output parameters, including particle residence time, age of air and thermal comfort conditions and to achieve the optimal design. The results highlight that the mass flow rate is influential parameter on all output characteristics and the most influential parameter on age of air, and the least effective parameter is outlet width which only affects the particle residence time. Also, Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) are most affected by air inlet temperature which has an inverse relation while the outlet location has the greatest effect on particle residence time.


Engineering education research (EER) has been on the fast track since 2004 with an exponential rise in the number of Ph.D.s awarded and the establishment of new programs, even entire EER departments. The National Research Council's Discipline-Based Education Research (DBER) report (National Research Council, 2012) captures the state-of-the-art advances in our understanding of engineering and science student learning and highlights commonalities with other science-based education research programs. The DBER report is the consensus analysis of experts in undergraduate education research in physics, chemistry, biology, geosciences, astronomy, and engineering. The study committee, chaired by Susan Singer, also included higher education researchers, learning scientists, and cognitive psychologists. A central aspect of the DBER report is the focus on and application of research in the education, learning, and social-behavioral sciences to science and engineering curricula design and teaching methods. Froyd, Wankat, and Smith (2012) identified five major shifts in engineering education in the past 100 years:


Simple Summary Anthracyclines and taxanes are being used as a standard treatment for breast cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. These chemotherapy regimens allow the continuation of pregnancy without delaying cancer treatment with relatively good maternal and neonatal outcomes. However, their effects on placental function and fetal development are not completely understood. Maternal serum angiogenic factors are a surrogate of placental function and are abnormal weeks before placental complications such as preeclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction development. In our cohort, pregnant women with breast cancer treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy show an antiangiogenic state with significantly higher levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1), sFlt-1/PGF ratio, and soluble endoglin (sEng) at the end of the third trimester. Angiogenic factors could be useful in the clinical obstetric management of these patients, although more studies are guaranteed. Abstract High prevalence of placental-derived complications, such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, has been reported in women with breast cancer (BC) treated with chemotherapy during pregnancy (PBC-CHT). Aim: To ascertain whether PBC-CHT is associated with an imbalance of angiogenic factors, surrogate markers for placental insufficiency, that could explain perinatal outcomes. Methods: Prospective study between 2012 and 2016 in a single institution. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble endoglin (sEng) in maternal blood were assessed throughout pregnancy in 12 women with BC and 215 controls. Results: Cancer patients were treated with doxorubicin-based regimes and with taxanes. Ten PBC-CHT (83%) developed obstetrical complications. At the end of the third trimester, significantly higher levels of sFlt-1; sFlt-1/PGF ratio, and sEng levels were observed in BC women as compared to controls. Moreover; there was a significant correlation between plasma levels of sFlt-1 and the number of chemotherapy cycles administered. Besides, more chemotherapy cycles correlated with lower birthweight and head circumference at birth. Conclusions: Women with BC treated during pregnancy showed an antiangiogenic state compatible with placental insufficiency. Angiogenic factors could be useful in the clinical obstetric management of these patients; although further studies will be required to guide clinical decision-making.


SUBACUTE infections of a supravalvular aortotomy site are rare and unexpected; such an event, occurring long after surgery and caused byListeria monocytogenes, has never been reported. The following is a case of such a subacute infection occurring in the suture material one and one-half years following an aortotomy performed to relieve a congenital aortic stenosis. The presenting symptoms of this case were those of subarachnoid hemorrhage, with later findings completely consistent with a diagnosis of embolic subacute bacterial endocarditis. Technically, however, the infection was not an endocarditis, but rather a subacute infection of the wall of the aorta. Report of a Case First Admission. —The patient was an 18-year-old white youth with known congenital aortic stenosis which was repaired one and one-half years prior to his admission to the Good Samaritan Hospital, Suffern, NY. The repair was performed by an aortic valvulotomy; the valve was reached through an opening


The contribution of this paper is to extend the problem of retrieval sequencing by integrating the product expiry date. Many researchers have studied the problem of sequencing storage and retrieval requests but by taking into account only the type of product without its expiry date. We apply this approach to the flow-rack AS/RS, by introducing an optimisation method as decision process which performs a real-time optimisation into two phases and formulated as integer program. The first objective is to select all interesting products for picking by determining a higher limit of the expiry date for each requested product. The second objective uses the results of the first optimisation problem in order to find bin locations for the retrieval requests realising minimal retrieval cycles for a batch of customer request. A numerical example is discussed to show the effectiveness of the method.


Fan history, types and characteristics The properties of gas Air and gas flow Fan performance standards Fans and ducting systems Flow regulation Materials and stresses Construction features Fan arrangements and designation of discharge position Fan bearings Belt, rope and chain drives Shaft couplings Prime movers for fans Fan noise Fan vibration Ancillary equipment Quality assurance, inspection and performance certification Installation, operation and maintenance Fan Economics Fan Selection Case Studies Manufacturers and Suppliers Guide Units and Conversions Useful Fan Terms translated Reference Index


Previous laboratory work has indicated that an orifice in a thin sheet behaves in a quasisteady manner under acoustical excitation. Also, it has been found that the steady flow resistance of an orifice may be dependent upon the direction of flow, especially in the presence of a crossflow on one side of the hole. An analytical study is presented which assumes a nonreactive orifice in an infinite baffle. The pressure difference across the orifice varies sinusoidally with amplitude 1.0 and average value -P. The orifice resistance is discontinuous at zero velocity and exhibits the constant values when the velocity is nonzero. The resultant velocity has power in all harmonics of the excitation frequency, providing an explanation of the even harmonic excitation observed by other investigators, but not predicted by symmetric nonlinearity. A quasilinear resistance is defined and found to be relatively insensitive to the presence or absence of a resonant backing cavity.


Environmental Qualification Resolution No. 038 (RCA 2004) imposed on Minera Los Pelambres precise requirements to approve the construction of a 3600 million tonnes toxic tailings dam in El Mauro, IV Region, Chile. The El Mauro dam is one of the biggest of its kind in the world. Over 500 rock art panels with 2000 petroglyphs and 148 archaeological sites were found in the area, to be buried under the min-ing waste tailings (Bustamante 2007, 2012a).The company was required to build in nearby Monte Aranda a rock art park, showrooms and warehouses to keep the archaeological material and petroglyphs found at El Mauro. The company agreed to build the required infrastructure prior to the intervention at the archaeological sites, to ensure the proper handling and safekeeping of the material. Chilean law also requires archaeological research to be done to retrieve all possible data from an area, to increase scientific understanding of ancient indigenous cultures who inhabited the area.On 7 February 2014, the Superintendence of the Environment (SMA 2014) established that ten years after the removal of the archaeological material, the mining company had not complied with any of the regulatory requirements it had agreed upon to attain the governmental permits to build the dam, infringing Chilean law.SMA investigators found that archaeologists had stored the excavated archaeological material at their own homes due to lack of warehouses and that petroglyphs removed from the area remained stored at inadequate facilities until 2013, as the agreed upon infrastructure at Monte Aranda was non-existent. They also determined that the mining company never delivered the final report on the El Mauro archaeological sites, as required by law. Investigators established that there are no photographs or plans with archaeological finds and petroglyph locations. Of 148 archaeological sites, Minera Los Pelambres was only able to present incomplete information on 40 sites. The faulty procedures employed at El Mauro may imply significant data loss (Bustamante 2012b).The Comptroller General of the Republic has initiated proceedings at the Council of Monuments, which is the governmental agency that oversees regulations on archaeological sites, to determine administrative responsibilities by its officials. The Comptroller has established that, contrary to declarations by Council of Monuments' personnel to Congress, the Ministry of Education and the SMA, the final report required by law was never delivered by Minera Los Pelambres. …


Using spectrographic analysis, I studied the vocalizations of American Kestrel (Falco sparverius ) chicks to determine if siblings sounded more like each other than non-related chicks. I also performed a feasibility study on obtaining and analyzing vocalizations of wild adult kestrels. A total of 144 vocal recordings was obtained from 67 female and 77 male kestrel chicks in the 2005 and 2006 kestrel breeding seasons. Sixteen adult kestrel vocal samples were also obtained from eleven females and five males, each a parent to one of the broods that were audio-recorded. Fifteen vocal parameters were analyzed through spectrographic analysis for each individual bird. Wilcoxon/Kruskal Wallis (Rank Sums) tests revealed that female vocalizations tended to have more harmonics than those of males. Principal Components Analysis of all fourteen other vocal parameters revealed no significant difference in male and female vocalizations. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant correlation by brood on all but three of the fifteen vocal parameters, indicating that broodmates do sound more similar to each other than unrelated broods.


For the first time to our knowledge, a radially polarized beam is generated in an Yb-doped multimode double-clad fiber laser by using an intracavity dual conical prism. Up to 6.2 mW of output power is obtained from a 2 m long gain fiber with 7.4% slope efficiency. This research opens a new window to obtaining a radially polarized beam directly from an active fiber.


Color is a feature of the great majority of content-based image retrieval systems. However the robustness, effectiveness, and efficiency of its use in image indexing are still open issues. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the methods for color image indexing and retrieval described in the literature. In particular, image preprocessing, the features used to represent color information, and the measures adopted to compute the similarity between the features of two images are critically analyzed.


Thediagnosis ofbacterial vaginosis isusually based on clinical criteria including homogeneous vaginal discharge, an elevated vaginal pH,thepresenceofclue cells, andan amineodor. Wehaveevaluated thevaginal flora andclinical signs for593pregnant women. Gardnerella vaginalis, Bacteroides spp.,andMycoplasma hominis were isolated more frequently among women withclinical signs than among those without clinical signs ofbacterial vaginosis inmultivariable analyses thatcontrolled forother bacteria. Todetermine thelaboratory methodthatbestpredicted bacterial vaginosis, we calculated thesensitivity, specificity, andpredictive value of positive andnegative tests forGram-stained vaginal smears,gas-liquid chromatography ofvaginal fluid, and G.vaginalis cultures compared withclinical signs. G.vaginalis culture was sensitive (92%)andbothgas-liquid chromatography (78%)andGram-stained vaginal smears (62%)were moderately sensitive inidentifying women withthree ofthefourclinical signs ofbacterial vaginosis. However, theGram-stained vaginal smear (95%) was more specific thanG.vaginalis culture (69%) orgas-liquid chromatography (81%). Thepredictive value ofa positive test was alsohigher fortheGramstaining (76%)thanforG.vaginalis culture (41%)or gas-liquid chromatography (48%). Bacterial vaginosis (nonspecific vaginitis) was recognized as a vaginal syndrome over 30years ago byGardner and Duke(9). Theyassociated bacterial vaginosis withtheisolation ofHaemophilus vaginalis, later briefly namedCorvnebacteriumr vaginale andcurrently namedGardnerella iaginalis (10). However, themicrobiology ofbacterial vaginosis iscomplex andinvolves organisms other than G. vaginalis. G. vaginalis can beisolated fromthevaginas of20to40%of women without bacterial vaginosis (1,4,6),andlarge quantities ofnotonly G. vaginalis butalsoanaerobic bacteria(16,18)andMycoplasmna hominis (13,14)can berecoveredfromwomen withbacterial vaginosis. Thediagnosis ofbacterial vaginosis hasusually been based on three or more ofthefollowing clinical signs ofthe vaginal discharge: a thinhomogeneous appearance, an elevated pH,anamineodorafter theaddition of10%KOH,and thepresenceofcluecells (vaginal epithelial cells studded withbacteria) (1,6,9).Fourother laboratory methods have beenusedtodiagnose bacterial vaginosis: culture ofvaginal fluid forG.vaginalis (9), gas-liquid chromatographic analysisofvaginal fluid forshort-chain fatty acids believed tobe products ofanaerobic bacterial growth(16,18),Gramstained vaginal smears readmicroscopically forbacterial morphotypes (5,19),andan assayforproline aminopeptidase(21). Eachlaboratory methodisbasedon theassumptionthatthevaginal flora ofwomen withbacterial vaginosis differs insome quantifiable way fromtheflora ofnormal women. Inprior reports, individual laboratory methods of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis havebeencomparedwith clinical signs (1,4,6,11,18M21). However, multiple laboratorymethods havenotbeencompared within asingle cohort ofwomen. Inthepresentstudy, we determined thevaginal flora of patients withbacterial vaginosis diagnosed byclinical signs, gas-liquid chromatography, and Gram-stained vaginal smears todocument thateachdiagnostic methodwas associated withsimilar vaginal flora. Thesensitivity, specificity,


Although intellectual property has been much in the news this year, the above headline has not yet appeared in the press. It is in fact the title of a play by Andrew Hilton, presented by Molecule Theatre of Science for Children and playing at regional theatres throughout the country until May 1987.


Objective To explore the value of ultrasound-guided central venous intubation via internal jugular venipuncture in grass-roots hospitals.Methods A total of 76 patients who were going to receive central venous intubation via internal jugular vein puncture were randomly divided into two groups:ultrasound-guided group(n=47)and conventional group(n=29).Results The one-attempt success rate,overall success rate,and complications were compared between two groups.The one-attempt success rate was 93.62%(44 of 47)in the ultrasound-guided group and 62.07%(18 of 29)in conventional group(P0.05).The overall success rate was 100%(47 of 47)in the ultrasound-guided group and 82.76%(24 of 29)in conventional group(P0.05).No complication was noted in the ultrasound-guided group.On the contrary,in the conventional group,the incidence of complications was 13.8%,which included inserting into artery by mistake(n=3)and subcutaneous haematoma(n=1)(P0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided central venous intubation via internal jugular vein puncture is remarkably superior to conventional puncture and therefore is feasible for application in grass-root hospitals.


Insomnia is defined as a disorder of difficulty initiating sleep, difficulty maintaining sleep, sleep is not fresh during 1 month or more that makes a significant clinical disturbance or distress. Insomnia affects 15% to 40% of world general population and predominantly in women 65 to 79 years. Insomnia also reported in individuals aged 18 to 34 years. If neglected for a long time, insomnia can diminish job performance and quality of live for each individuals. The new strategy to solve this problem in the future is combining pharmacotherapy like eszopiclone a nonbenzodiazepine derivate and mind-body therapy (MBT) to the patients. It can lowering severe risk of conventional drugs side effects, but from pharmacoeconomic this drug is not costly effective. It must combine with MBT to decrease frequency and duration of drug consumption.


Increased efficiency of finding and developing hydrocarbon resources while reducing the environmental impact through geophysical technology is critical to the future of the petroleum industry. This technology must remotely determine rock-fluid property characteristics; their geometry, and changes over time. In reviewing advancements in exploration seismology, threecomponent 3-D seismology stands out as the next wave and lends promise to the continued role that geophysics will play in the future of the petroleum industry.


Objective To explore the methods and effects of PDCA management combining with health education pathway for patients with esophageal cancer during radiotherapy period. Methods Totally,200 patients with esophageal cancer during radiotherapy were divided into two groups randomly. The control group was received traditional health education,and the experiment group was received PDCA management combining with health education pathway. The effects of health education and patient satisfaction between the two groups were compared. Results The qualification rate,compliance and patients satisfaction in the experimental group were significantly better than those in the control group( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05). Conclusion The PDCA management combining with health education pathway can improve the effects of health education and increase patient satisfaction. It is highly operability and can be accepted by patients easily,be worth promoting.


The embodiment of the invention provides a group joining method and device. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a group establishment request message from a user, wherein the group establishment request message comprises first group identification information, second group information and a group establishment operating instruction; creating a corresponding second group according to the group establishment request message, and obtaining second group identification information; sending a second group invitation message to members of the first group corresponding to the first group identification information, wherein the second group invitation message comprises the second group information and/or the second group identification information; and performing group joining processing on the corresponding group members according to an invitation confirming message fed back by the members of the first group. According to the embodiment of the invention, the complicated operations of an administrator to invite the group members to join the group can be reduced effectively, so that the group joining efficiency can be increased while the user experience is improved.


Differences in the length properties and occurrence frequencies among types of channel links occur in natural stream networks. We define six types of channel links: (1) S (source) links, (2) TS (tributary source) links, (3) B (bifurcating) links, (4) TB (tributary bifurcating) links, (5) CT (cis-trans) links, and (6) T (tributary) links. The topologically random model of channel networks provides the basis for a series of equations defining the probability of occurrence of each link type in a topologically random population of networks of any specified magnitude. Examination of interior link lengths from 12 stream networks supports the hypothesis that the interior link types defined here differ in their length properties.


Cell's choice of indicators. Are the indicators he has chosen to measure achievements and shortcomings really reliable? While one could readily agree, for example, that "leftist or rightist deviations of policy" or "violations in the implementation of policies" are clearly shortcomings, one would be hard pressed to discover many mass campaigns without such problems. Yet, because his scalogram of necessity has a threshold level, we find that a campaign like the Training of Revolutionary Successors of 1964 contained both of the above shortcomings, the 1954-55 Campaign to Eliminate Counterrevolutionaries contained the second shortcoming but not the first, and the Urban Communes Campaign of 1958—59 contained neither. Apart from the fact that the majority of his refugee informants were former students who had been through the first campaign and thus were more sensitive to its shortcomings (particularly if they were of bad class origin), there is the more general problem here relating both to the vagueness of his indicators and the problems of coding. Many of his indicators, particularly those measuring achievements (e.g., "raise political consciousness"; "new skills learned") and shortcomings are simply too subject to varying interpretation. Moreover, because his indicators are geared to measuring only the more immediate, short-term effects of a campaign, Cell's scales yield some rather strange results. Can we really conclude, for example, that because the aforementioned Urban Communes Campaign scaled high on achievements and low on shortcomings it was necessarily a success? I think not.


This article presents the preliminary results of an ongoing campaign of architectural and archaeological documentation of the Stadium at Aphrodisias. A combination of stylistic and historical evidence suggests that the Stadium was part of the monumental building program undertaken in the city in the first century A. D. The Stadium has a peculiar form in that it has two sphendonai (curved ends) rather than one. It is one of a small group of such stadia in the Greek world that epigraphical evidence suggests had a specific name: στάδιον ἀμφιθέατρον ("amphitheatral stadium"). The unusually complete archaeological record at Aphrodisias indicates that throughout the Imperial period the Stadium was used not only for Greek athletic competitions, but also for Roman spectacles such as gladiatorial games and venationes. In Late Antiquity a small stone amphitheater was built into its eastern sphendone, obliterating part of the Stadium's running track. It is argued that this was a way of making permanent an arrangement that had always been temporary in past centuries. Gladiatorial contests had largely ceased by the time that the amphitheater was built into the Stadium, indicating that amphitheaters such as this one were intended not for gladiatorial games, as is often supposed, but for the venationes that seem to have flourished at the site well into the sixth century, long after they had been officially banned in all cities of the eastern Roman empire.


This paper follows with detail the history of the way in which comparative literature is born in France and the history of its tradition until today, especially in the United States. It intends to show that the reasons of the discipline emergence are the need to complement the model imposed by the study of literature in its strictly national context. In fact, we will show that this emergence is completely subordinated to the hegemony of those national literatures. Moreover, the article studies certain symptomatic moments in which, by getting rid of that hegemony, its object of study and methodology become more imprecise; actually, the discipline acknowledges receipt of the inconveniences brought by that amplitude. Finally, the paper argues that the way in which comparatism is articulated in the field of American cultural studies reveals a basis in determined hegemonic spaces, built in first person, that puts again at the forefront the problem of national identity.


Absorption lines in the spectra of distant quasars whose sightlines pass through foreground galaxies provide a valuable tool to probe the dust and gas compositions of the interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies. The first evidence of silicate dust in a quasar absorption system (QAS) was provided through our detection of the 10 micron silicate feature in the z=0.52 absorber toward the quasar AO 0235+164. We present results from 2 follow-up programs using archival Spitzer Space Telescope infrared spectra to study the interstellar silicate dust grain properties in a total of 13 QASs at 0.1<z<1.4. We find clear detections of the 10 micron silicate feature in the QASs studied. We also detect the 18 micron silicate feature in the sources with adequate spectral coverage. We find variations in the breadth, peak wavelength, and substructure of the 10 micron interstellar silicate absorption features among the absorbers. This suggests that the silicate dust grain properties in these distant galaxies may differ relative to one another, and relative to those in the Milky Way. We also find suggestions in several sources, based on comparisons with laboratory-derived profiles from the literature, that the silicate dust grains may be significantly more crystalline than those in the amorphous Milky Way ISM. This is particularly evident in the z=0.89 absorber toward the quasar PKS 1830-211, where substructure near 10 micron is consistent with a crystalline olivine composition. If confirmed, these grain property variations may have implications for both dust and galaxy evolution over the past 9 Gyrs, and for the commonly-made assumption that high-redshift dust is similar to local dust. We also discuss indications of trends between silicate dust absorption strength and both carbonaceous dust properties and gas-phase metal properties, such as the gas velocity spread, determined from UV/optical spectra.


Active learning and structured stochastic bandit problems are intimately related to the classical problem of sequential experimental design. This paper studies active learning and best-arm identification in structured bandit settings from the viewpoint of active sequential hypothesis testing, a framework initiated by Chernoff (1959). We obtain a novel sample complexity bound for Chernoff's original active testing procedure by uncovering non-asymptotic terms that reduce in significance as the allowed error probability δ → 0. Initially proposed for testing among finitely many hypotheses, we obtain the analogue of Chernoff sampling for the case when the hypotheses belong to a compact space. This allows us to directly apply it to active learning and structured bandit problems, where the unknown parameter specifying the arm means is often assumed to be an element of Euclidean space. Empirically, we demonstrate the potential of our proposed approach for active learning of neural network models and in linear and non-linear bandit settings, where we observe that our general-purpose approach compares favorably to state-of-the-art methods.


In this research, the researcher analyzed novel by Agatha Christie And Then There Were None and its Indonesian version Lalu Semuanya Lenyap translated by Mareta as the object of the study. It is very interesting because the main purpose for translators of prose literature, especially novels, is to be able to create the same effect for TL readers as perceived by SL readers, because topics of Idioms cannot be clearly expressed and interpreted to the target language. The researcher uses the type of Idioms theory from Chitra Fernando and translation strategies theory from Mona Baker to analyze the data. The research method of this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The researcher used five steps in collecting the data, reading, listing, finding, providing and determining the data. Then, the technique of analyzing data used three steps, identifying, classifying, describing the data. The results of this research are: First, The researcher found 54 data in this analysis. The data found by the writer are 19 data are type of pure idioms, 18 data are type of semi idioms and 18 data for type of literal idioms. It shows that the author mostly used the type of pure Idioms. Second, from 54 data of Idiom, They use idioms with similar meanings and forms 13 out of 54, using idioms with the same meaning but different forms 15 out of 54, translations by paraphrasing 25 out of 54, and translations by omission 1 out of 54. In the analysis, it was found that most were Idioms that occur in the novel are translated using paraphrasing strategy. This happens because of equality in Idioms cannot be found in the target language.


In the last century the telephone caused
profound changes in the whole society be-
cause it helped to communicate people and
consequently to redefine the way people
made business. The use of telephones along
with other technologies such as production
machinery, transportation, electricity, and
the telegraph produced the change from an
agricultural to an industrial economy. Even
more important, telephones and the other
technologies accelerate the shift from craft-
based work to mass production, and the
appearance of vertically integrated multi-
nationals that replaced the small owner-
operated firms.


Supported by GIS,characteristics of ecological pattern of Luoyang in herurbanization process were analyzed with the indecies of landscape diversity,dominance,evenness,fragmentation,and population proportion.Special attention was paid to the corelationship of landscape pattern index and population proportion.Results showed that the diversity and evenness of landscape pattern in Luoyang urban area were on a low level,none of the landscape types exhibited high dominance ,and the green land landscape was in better state.Landscape pattern indices mentioned above did not correlate with urbanization level,indication that the landscape heterogeneity decreased during the course of urbanization,and that human activity was not the main factor influencing the formation of landscape pattern.


The blocked N-terminus and N-terminal sequence of soybean B-amylase were aetermined by analyzing the acidic peptides derived on peptic digestion of the enzyme. The acidic peptides were separated from the digest on a Dowex 502 column(1X5cm) and purified by reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC). The major acidic peptide, PEP-1, was a heptapeptlde. The N-terminal 7 amino acid sequence of soybean B-amylase was deduced to be acetyl-Ala-Thf-Ser-Asp-Ser-Asn-Met- from the results of sequence analysis of PEP-1 and amino acid analysis of other acidic peptides.


Habitat loss is an important reason for fish fauna declines in the southwestern U.S. Several studies have defined habitat conditions for selected native fish species in Arizona, yet habitat use can vary across streams due to a variety of biological and physical factors. In addition, previous studies have focused on effects of instream habitat characteristics and less on how riparian areas structure aquatic communities of the Southwest. Riparian areas affect aquatic communities in a variety of ways, including structuring instream habitat. Macrohabitat (riffle, run, pool) is an important determinant of fish use, and little is known about the effect of riparian vegetation and associated land use activities on the formation of macrohabitat. Therefore, the objectives of my study were to 1) evaluate suitable habitat for native Arizona species, and 2) to investigate the relationships among riparian vegetation and stream macrohabitats type and fish presence in four central Arizona streams. Fish and habitat data were collected in four streams along the Mogollon Rim in Arizona during the 2017 summer field season at base flow conditions. I used the National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) and National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP) aerial imagery to estimate the amount of vegetation cover within the riparian areas of each stream. I developed habitat suitability criteria for four native species in three streams. Most generalized criteria did not transfer among study streams, similar to finding from past studies suggesting that stream-specific criteria were more accurate. I found that Smallmouth Bass and Red Shiner had a negative relationship to canopy cover, possibly explained by high temperature tolerances of both species. Desert Sucker and Speckled Dace presence were positively related to presence of riffle habitat, as has been noted in previous habitat studies. Riffle habitat was positively related to increases in riparian vegetation cover. These results can inform researchers, agencies and stakeholders who study and manage Arizona's riparian areas and instream habitat.


There is much current interest in fiber Raman amplifiers pumped at multiple wavelengths (MW-FRA), which can combine the low-noise advantage of distributed Raman amplification with the possibility of ultra-wide (80 nm and above) gain bandwidths.


Moralism is often charged with being ineffective, rude, hypocritical, and intolerant. This article challenges all of those claims, first using evidence from social science to argue that moralism can be effective in changing others' behaviour, serving as a remedy against the important problems of moral ignorance and weakness of will. Next, the apparent problems of rudeness, hypocrisy, and intolerance are argued to be either illusory or overstated. Finally, examples of unethical moralism are reviewed and a prudential type of moralism is differentiated and defended.


A field experiment on deep black soils during rabi season of 2014-15 to study the influence of ferti-fortification on dry matter production, yield and yield components viz., number of pods plant-1, pod weight, 100 kernel weight and shelling percentage of groundnut genotypes. Among groundnut genotypes, ICGV-00351 recorded significantly higher pod, kernel and haulm yield (2656, 1934 and 2894 kg ha-1, respectively), dry matter production at harvest (36.54 g plant-1), number of pods plant-1 (33.66), pod weight (31.81 g plant-1), 100 kernel weight (31.59 g) and shelling percentage (72.77 %) as compared to other genotypes. Among micronutrients application, higher dry matter production at harvest (43.60 g plant-1), pod, kernel and haulm yield (2789, 2051 and 3080 kg ha-1, respectively), number of pods plant-1 (34.08), pod weight (32.25 g plant-1), 100 kernel weight (31.61 g) and shelling percentage (73.21 %) recorded with soil (25 kg ha-1) and foliar (0.5 %) application of ZnSO4 (S4) as compared to control.


Cardiovascular disease is a very dangerous disease among humans and can be fatal. It describes a condition where blood arteries get constricted or clogged, which can cause a heart attack, chest symptoms, or a stroke. One of the significant challenges faced in research is accurately diagnosing heart disease using health data. Existing techniques have poor performance, potential to bias and limited interpretability. In the proposed study, a system has been developed to identify the presence of cardiovascular disease in a person by applying machine learning algorithms to a heart disease dataset containing information about clinical parameters. The model algorithms used are Random Forest, k Nearest Neighbours, Decision Trees, Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes and Ensemble Learning. For comparison, Principal Component Analysis has been applied for dimensionality reduction on the dataset and then the classification algorithms are applied and the results are compared based on various model performance metrics. The authors of this paper aim to propose system can identify the presence of cardiovascular disease among people efficiently and accurately in a way that is easy to use for all.


Objective The proposal of this study is to determine the feasibility of using online social software to guide popular opinion leaders (POLs) among young students MSM (men who have sex with men, MSM) carrying out comprehensive AIDS prevention in young students MSM. Methods From November to December 2019 in Tianjin, 22 POLs who had previously experienced AIDS prevention education and training foucus on life skills were recruited. Though snowball sampling method, 100 POLs' partners (friends, sexual partners, classmates, etc) were invited into the study. From January to March 2020, regular posters will be sent through the WeChat platfonn to guide POL to intervene their partners/sexual partners. The questionnaire surveys were conducted before and after the intervention. Results After the intervention, both the proportion of young students MSM had sex and with multiple sex partners decreased (χ 2 = 12.12, 5.94, P <0.05). The comprehensive ability of AIDS prevention has improved significantly, the "National Eight Items" correct rate has risen from 90.0% to 99.0% (χ 2 = 5.82, 7.56, P <0.05), and the "Youth Eight Items" correct rate has increased from 86.0% to 98.0% ( P <0.01). Knowledge score increased from (11.08±1.89) to (11.84±1.27); Attitude score increased from (54.29±4.01) to (56.06±3.75), the behavior score increased from (52.12±4.78) to (55.08±4.25), skill score increased from (51.96±4.75) to (54.67±5.04), The comprehensive prevention ability score (percent) increased from (87.30 ±6.95) to (91.86±5.42) ( t = −4.21, −3.51, −5.32, −5.16, −6.45, P <0.01). Conclusion Using Wechat platform to guide POL carrying out comprehensive AIDS prevention is effective for improving the comprehensive AIDS prevention ability of young students MSM. 【摘要】 目的 利用微信平台指导青年学生男男性行为人群 (men who have sex with men, MSM)中大众意见领袖 (popular opinion leader, POL)开展预防艾滋病综合能力的同伴干预及其效果评价, 为开展艾滋病预防教育提供参考依据。 方法 2019年11一12月, 以天津为中心, 招募参与过前期以生活技能为核心的艾滋病预防教育培训的POL 22名, 并通过滚雪球 法, 将POL招募的100名同伴或性伴纳人研究。2020年1一3月, 通过微信平台定期发送海报, 指导POL对招募的同伴/性 伴的艾滋病预防能力进行干预, 并分别在干预前后进行问卷调查。 结果 干预后, 青年学生MSM发生性行为、多性伴的比 例下降 (χ 2 值分别为 12.12,5.94, P 值均<0.05) ;POL同伴的预防艾滋病综合能力明显提升, "国八条"知晓率由90.0%提高 至 99.0%, "青八条"知晓率由86.0%提高至98.0% (χ 2 值分别为 5.82,7.56, P 值均<0.05)。 知识 得分由 (11.08± 1.89)分提 高至 (11.84±1.27)分, 态度得分由(54.29±4.01)分提高至(56.06±3.75)分, 行为得分由(52.12±4.78)分提高至(55.08±4.25)分, 技能得分由 (51.96±4.75)分提高至 (54.67±5.04)分, 预防艾滋病综合能力得分 (百分制) 由 (87.30±6.95)分上升至 (91.86±5.42)分 ( t 值分别为-4.21, -3.51, -5.32, -5.16, -6.55, P 值均<0.01)。 结论 通过微信平台指导POL开展预防艾 滋病教育干预, 对提高同伴的预防艾滋病综合能力有效。


Electroencephalographs (EEG) signals of the human brains represent electrical activities for a number of channels recorded over a the scalp. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the interactions and causality of different parts of a brain using EEG signals recorded during a performance subjects of verbal fluency tasks. Subjects who have Parkinson's Disease (PD) have difficulties with mental tasks, such as switching between one behavior task and another. The behavior tasks include motor and phonemic fluency. This method uses verbal generation skills, activating different Broca's areas of the Brodmann's areas (BA44 and BA45). Advanced signal processing techniques are used in order to determine the activated frequency bands in the granger causality for verbal fluency tasks. The graph learning technique for channel strength is used to characterize the complex graph of Granger causality. Also, the support vector machine (SVM) method is used for training a classifier between two subjects with PD and two healthy controls. Neural data from the study was recorded at the Colorado Neurological Institute (CNI).


This paper describes a new type variable inductor and its applications to reactive power controller for use in electric power system. We present a 6.6kV-300kVA magnetic flux control type reactor (MFCR) for reactive power compensator based on the EIE-core type variable inductor. The MFCR has good control characteristics, simple structure and high reliability, low level harmonic currents , high-speed response and low cost.


Service providers are experiencing a challenge that is caused by the explosive growth in demand for high-speed connections to and across metropolitan, regional and core networks. Operators are under pressure to increase the capacity of their networks to meet these ever growing requirements. To improve service agility and network efficiency and reduce costs throughout their entire infrastructures, providers are evaluating ways to use packet transport everywhere. Carrier Ethernet is a new mechanism that is being proposed to consolidate the packet optical transport network. Multiprotocol Label Switching-Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) - a variant of Carrier Ethernet offers a potentially important addition within the packet transport toolset. Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) functionality is central to this new standard. This helps service creation and assurance thus providing an extension to packet transport capabilities within emerging multi-layer infrastructure architectures. This paper aims at exploring the performance of MPLS-TP network using an extensive simulation model.


Experiments have been performed to determine the feasibility of achieving storage densities greater than 107/in2using MNOS capacitors. Good signal-to-noise ratios have been achieved in arrays of air-isolated storage sites 0.09 mil × 0.15 mil using a voltage ramp for depletion sensing and avalanche breakdown to avoid deep depletion during writing.


Abstract : A Coherent Raman Loss Spectrometer was set up and used to obtain spectra of static and jet samples of CO2 at 0.003 wavenumber resolution. Coherent Raman methods were used to examine small hydrogen bonded clusters of HCN in static samples and in jet expansions. The first Raman data for a hydrogen bonded complex formed in jets was obtained, and preliminary studies of water and hydrochloric acid jet expansions have been done. CARS spectra of van der Waals complexes were taken. In the carbondioxide dimer case the most stable conformation was found to be an offset parallel shape rather than the polar T form suggested by others previously. The first CARS detection of a low freqency intramolecular librational mode was made of the CO2 dimer. The energy distributions of nitrous oxides and carbon trifluoride photofragments of carbon fluoronitroxide were studied using CARS as a probe technique. This was the first detection of CF3 radical by Raman methods. The photodissociation of this molecule in low temperature argon matrices was also studied.


If we view the field of complex numbers as a 2-dimensional commutative real algebra, we can consider the differential equation z'=az2+bz+c as a particular case of 𝓐- Riccati equations z'=a · (z · z)+b · z+c where 𝓐=( ℝn,·) is a commutative, possibly nonassociative algebra, a,b,c∈𝓐 and z:I → 𝓐 is defined on some nontrivial real interval. In the case 𝓐=ℂ, the nature of (at most two) critical points can be described using purely algebraic conditions involving involution * of ℂ. In the present paper we study the critical points of 𝓛(π)- Riccati equations, where 𝓛(π) is the limit case of the so-called family of planar Lyapunov algebras, which characterize 2-dimensional homogeneous systems of quadratic ODEs with stable origin. The number of possible critical points is 1, 3 or ∞, depending on coefficients. The nature of critical points is also completely described. Finally, simultaneous stability of the origin is considered for homogeneous quadratic part corresponding to algebras 𝓛(θ).


This paper proposes a test plan that isolation material affects modul isolation voltage and analyzes the test results. In this paper sone important conclusions are inferred.


The authors of the paper try to identify the main approaches in the field of the Quality Integrated Management on the Romanian companies' level, starting with the discussion about the theoretical frame of the topic. The paper speaks about the taylorist and Japanese systems as the most important backgrounds for the quality management improvement. The opportunities and the strong points are analyzed and the main hindrances are identified in order to offer a general view of the complexity of the quality system.


It is necessary to quicken the construction of international business specialty group to meet with the growing demand for international business talents.This paper discusses the importance,goal,content and teaching mode involved in such a construction.


In this article the preliminary exploration of clinical ultrasonic teaching and its implementation effects for the residents of rehabilitation medicine were discussed.For the teaching contents combined features of rehabilitation medicine,the trainings focused on the knowledge of musculoskeletal ultrasound.For the instructions of the teaching methods aimed at the musculoskeletal ultrasound and mobilized residents' learning enthusiasm,while specialist physicians from department of ultrasound provided instructions.Good teaching effects had been achieved based on the above mentioned methods.

Key words:
Rehabilitation; Ultrasonics; Resident; Teaching practice


1. Shivering in response to changes in ambient or core temperature has been measured in control rats and rats injured by bilateral hind‐limb ischaemia, both with and without fur.


In this study, High Impedance Surface (HIS) structures are used to reduce the interaction between a wireless antenna and its user. Especially, T-Slot HIS structure is designed for 1.8-GHz-band wireless products. The performance of HIS is investigated by the reflection phase method. The new test method is also proposed to verify the performance of HIS by using Arch method. In the experiment, the high performance of T-Slot HIS added monopole antenna and other electromagnetic protective sheets is evaluated and verified in view of radiation pattern, Total Radiated Power (TRP), and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR).


This book is an interesting compilation of laws, cases, and administrative procedures regarding the security aspects of visa granting, exclusions, deportations and denaturalizations. There is a series of very brief recommendations at the end but otherwise the book contains relatively little analysis. It represents a good deal of hard work and will be a valuable short-cut to sources for those who are interested in some aspects of the field. Since there is so little analysis, this reviewer has to forgo the opportunity


We are told by the astrophysicist Michio Kaku that 6.4 percent of the universe is visible, with another 23 percent unseen but measurable, leaving much of the universe in the dark. It is much the same in our inner world, where most thinking occurs outside of awareness, available to neither introspection nor direct observation. Humans are designed to process rapidly and implicitly enormous quantities of environmental and internal data. But our ability to focus explicit thought is severely limited. By and large, the social sciences are not well prepared to understand this duality of cognition, and political science is no exception. Grounded in an Enlightenment view of Rational Man, political science has been dominated by models of conscious control and deliberative democracy. Rational and intentional reasoning, in this conventional view, causes political behavior. This is a book about unconscious thinking and its influence on political attitudes and behavior. It is a book about powerful affective and cognitive forces that motivate and direct deliberation and political action outside of conscious awareness and control. It is a book about rationalizing, rather than rational, citizens. What people think, feel, say, and do is a direct function of the information that is momentarily accessible from memory – be it the recall of facts and feelings, the recollection of experiences, or the turning of goals into action. Political behavior and attitudes are very much a function of the unconscious mechanisms that govern memory accessibility. But we political scientists know very little about the processes that underwrite individual variation in beliefs and behavior. We know about variation in public opinion as indicated by verbal self reports. We routinely ask respondents for their party and candidate preferences, their approval of policy proposals, and how warmly they feel toward one or another group, and we are often able to relate these explicit measures through sophisticated multivariate analyses that we interpret as revealing


The Australian Goods and Services Tax (GST) is a tax levied on the supply of goods and services in Australia. The GST is charged at a rate of 10 per cent of the final price of goods and services. In the fiscal year ended 30 June 2014, the GST raised $51.4 billion. This is about 3.3 per cent of GDP or 12.5 per cent of total tax revenue collected in Australia.


Reference is made to an unusual case among a group of patients with various abnormalities of structure. The patient, a female aged 21 years, weighed 220 lb. and was 67.75 in. in height. She had definite webbing of the neck, with a flat occiput. Psychometric tests revealed an I. Q. of about 40. The referring diagnosis of mongolism was rejected by experienced observers, despite the patient's obvious mongoloid facies and mental retardation. In the laboratory studies 47 chromosomes were noted in the bone-marrow cells. The nuclei of the buccal mucosa contained two sex-chromatin bodies. Trisomy apparently is associated with various congenital defects, the exact syndrome depending on the chromosomes involved and the resulting impact on over-all genetic balance.


This paper compares three low cost rejection-modeling approaches and their combination under the framework of a voice control task. Whole word acoustic models were created with in-vocabulary training data. Rejection parameters were adjusted with validation data to find optimal rejection performance for out-of-vocabulary commands within a 3% error rate limit for in-vocabulary commands. The rejection performance was then measured with in-vocabulary and outof-vocabulary test data. The total error rate reduces from the baseline 69.4% to 10.2% for the combined approach. The impact of rejection parameters on validation data can be generalized to test data and rejection performance remains stable when only part of the vocabulary is activated during testing, indicating robustness of these approaches across different applications.


ZUMWALDE, BETHANY A., M.S., August 2015, Environmental and Plant Biology A Systematic Revision of the Viola pedatifida Group and Evidence for the Recognition of Viola virginiana, a New Narrow Endemic of the Virginia Shale Barrens Director of Thesis: Harvey E. Ballard, Jr. The genus Viola (Violaceae) encompasses 1,000-1,100 species and includes one of the largest North American groups, the "acaulescent blue" violets (subsection BorealiAmericanae). In the subsection, the Viola pedatifida species group is distinctive in producing only divided leaf blades. Presently the group consists of Viola pedatifida G. Don., Viola brittoniana Pollard, and Viola subsinuata (Greene) Greene. Recent fieldwork in the mountains of Virginia suggested that disjunct populations of V. pedatifida were different than Midwestern populations. Macromorphological, micromorphological, genetic, and ecological data were analyzed to compare taxa. Phenetic analyses of leaf, flower, cleistogamous capsule and seed variables and scanning electron microscopic examinations of seed coats and petal trichomes distinguished four species. Genetic studies using four microsatellite loci and microhabitat data indicated genetic and ecological differentiation among the four species. All evidence support recognition of the Virginia violet as a narrowly endemic species, Viola virginiana Zumwalde & H. E.


The present invention is, e) creatine and its precursors and one or several compounds of the group consisting of derivatives, optionally f), one or several compounds of the group of electrolytes, g) optionally, a polyol and one or several compounds of the group of urea, and g) optionally, one or topical application preparations which contains several compounds of the group of osmolytes, sensitive allowance skin care and prevention in addition to the purposes and / or healthy physiological homeostasis therapy and treatment objective of symptoms of negative changes in the skin, to be used in the treatment and actively prevent and purpose of reinforcing the barrier function of the skin of dry skin .


tag=1 data=God's little nacre. by Don Townshend

tag=2 data=Townshend, Don

tag=3 data=The Bulletin,

tag=4 data=114

tag=5 data=5849

tag=6 data=8 December 1992

tag=7 data=76,77.

tag=8 data=COMPANIES

tag=9 data=PASPALEY PEARLING

tag=10 data=A close look at the business of farming the gems of the sea [pearls].

tag=11 data=1992/4/14

tag=12 data=92/0940

tag=13 data=CAB

tag=32 data=PASPALEY, NICK


One hundred and sixty‐seven patients with symptoms of urinary tract infection were treated with courses of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazoie for up to 14 weeks. By the very nature of the practice, the patients admitted to the trial tended to be those suffering from chronic and intractable infection, which tested the efficacy of the combination in realistic conditions.


An equipment for the speed δ18O analysis of water samples is described. It used the equilibrium isotopic exchange reaction between water and CO2 gas. Outgasing of samples through capillary without freezing down the samples, together with shaking during the equilibrium time, reduced considerably time for sample preparation. Apparatus is air termostated with hand valves. Measured δ values are not very sensitive to precision of preparation work and reaction conditions, except of temperature. With good temperature control the standard reproducibility of single measurement is better than 0,1‰


Give the concept and two properties of the almost periodicity of function,study the relationship between f(x) and |f(x)|,and some conclusions are obtained.


Chinese cabbage'Jing Xia Wang'and fertilizer synergist were used as the test malerials,and the field plot experiment was conducted to explore the effect of fertilizer synergist on the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage and fertilizer utilization ratio according to the different application amounts of N and P fertilizer.The results showed that the fertilizer synergist increased output of Chinese cabbage.Under the condition of same amount of nitrogen fertilizer,fertilizer synergist increased the output of Chinese cabbage by 11.99%.However,under the condition of same amount of phosphate fertilizer,fertilizer synergist increased the output of Chinese cabbage by only 7.40%.Fertilizer synergist significantly improved the utilization ratio of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer by 12.38% and 5.34%,respectively.In addition,fertilizer synergist decreased nitrate content in Chinese cabbage to improve its quality to some extent.


Nanorods of polyaniline(PANI)doped with sulfosalicylic acid has been synthesized via interfacial polymerization method using ammonium persulfate(APS)as oxidant.Polyaniline nanorods were characterized by FT-IR,UV-Vis,TEM and XRD.The results showed that SSA/AN and organic phase played the important roles in controlling the morphology of polyaniline.While the density of the organic phase is lower than water,the generated PANI had the better morphology,crystalline,yield and conductivity.


Abstract Considering prime Leavitt path algebras LK(E){L_{K}(E)}, with E being an arbitrary graph with at least two vertices, and K being any field, we construct a class of maximal commutative subalgebras of LK(E){L_{K}(E)} such that, for every algebra A from this class, A has zero intersection with the commutative core ℳK(E){\mathcal{M}_{K}(E)} of LK(E){L_{K}(E)} defined and studied in [C. Gil Canto and A. Nasr-Isfahani, The commutative core of a Leavitt path algebra, J. Algebra 511 2018, 227–248]. We also give a new proof of the maximality, as a commutative subalgebra, of the commutative core ℳR(E){\mathcal{M}_{R}(E)} of an arbitrary Leavitt path algebra LR(E){L_{R}(E)}, where E is an arbitrary graph and R is a commutative unital ring.


Undoubtedly the appearance of circular economical concept plays certain guidance function to land sustainable use.Based on circular economical concept designs the assessment system of land sustainable use in Heilongjiang province and then adopts matter-element extension method to quantificationally analyzing land sustainable use condition in Heilongjiang province from 1996 to 2007.The assessment results displays that land sustainable use degree throughout maintains at the basic sustainable level in Heilongjiang province from 1996 to 2007.In order to further understand land sustainable use transformation situation in Heilongjiang province from 1996 to 2007,in the base of matter-element assessment,the paper takes index value of 1996 as reference to synthetically evaluate land sustainable use condition in Heilongjiang province from 1996 to 2007 and then inspects and analyzes the real contribution rate,harmonious degree and barriers factors,the results indicate that land sustainable use degree is enhancement year by year and in particular the level of land resource reduction has the larger increases in input,but the main restriction factor of land sustainable use level in Heilongjiang province is also land resource reduction in input.It is obvious that although land sustainable use level makes certain progress in the land resource reduction in input in Heilongjiang province,the whole level is relatively low and then further enhancing in future.Finally on the foundation of synthetical analysis to assessment results,correlative countermeasure and suggestion are brought forward from researching and constituting the stratagem and regulation control mechanism of land sustainable use.


Abstract Copper chloride GICs were investigated by means of cyclovoltammetric, pulsed galvanostatic and AC impedance measurements. It was found that the electrochemical reduction takes place in two different potential regions. A small amount of Cu(II) species is reduced to metallic copper via a Cu(I) intermediate. The majority is reduced in a two-electron-transfer-step at lower potentials. The deintercalation reaction is irreversible.


The problem of strategic asset allocation and product mix choice of a life insurancecompany is considered where account is taken of the stochastic risk associated with both assets and liabilities. Using the methods of stochastic dynamic programming we derive equations for optimal weights of both risky and riskless assets under continuous time. The resulting equations can be solved exactly for some parameter values and utility functions. When this is not possible a general perturbation expansion method is set up for which explicit solutions are derived for the first terms but the method can be generalized to any order in the expansion parameter.


Sea breeze in summer is expected to mitigate urban heat island phenomena. However, to use the sea breeze as a countermeasure for the heat island, it is necessary to clarify the interaction between urban thermal environment and sea breeze. In this study, the sea breeze in summer around the Kanto Plane is imulated based on the mesoscale climate analysis. The inland penetration of sea breeze is well reproduced. Additionally, the mean kinetic energy balance model is proposed to estimate the structure of sea breeze. The balance is calculated from the numerical data provided by the simulation. Moreover, the mean kinetic energy balances of four areas in the Tokyo metropolitan are analyzed by using this method. From the results, it is clarified that the sea breeze is interrupted by the resistance and turbulence caused by buildings at the inter city. The interruption effect is increased by verticalization of urban structures.


Cross sections for the production of excited hydrogen in the $3d$, $3s$, $4s$, and $5s$ states have been measured for 1- to 5-keV ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ions incident upon He, Ar, Xe, and ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$. The results show nominally flat cross sections which scale as a function of principal quantum number faster than ${n}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. Comparison is made with similar results for $\mathrm{np}$ states, and the implication that these results may have on some recently proposed collision models is discussed.


Optical excitation is a useful means by which to modulate mm-wave and THz radiation. However, most photoconductive materials require intense photoexcitation to provide sufficient modulation, often relying on hugely expensive light sources such as amplified femtosecond lasers. Here we show that, through surface passivation, one can engineer silicon to yield a highly sensitive photomodulator with an efficiency that is three orders of magnitude greater than "off-the-shelf" wafers. Moreover, by using a layer of indium tin oxide to create a cavity with an un-doped silicon wafer, the modulation is increased by up to a factor of 7 for relatively low illumination powers, without compromising switching time or spatial resolution.


Objective: To evaluate efficacy and safety of series of aggressive relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patients treated with aHSCT and alemtuzumab in a single Italian MS center and followed for 3 years. Background: Aggressive multiple sclerosis (MS) represents almost 10% of all MS cases. Treatment of these patients is challenging and optimal strategies have yet to be defined. Alemtuzumab and autologous hematopoietic stem cells transplantation (aHSCT) represent ideal candidates for managing aggressive MS because of their profound and immediate immune-ablative effects. However, experience is limited and uncertainty remains on correct patient selection. Design/Methods: 61 patients with aggressive MS, according to the criteria of Rush et al. [CA Rush et al. Nat Rev Neurol 2015], were retrospectively collected from the MS center of Genova. 32 patients underwent treatment with alemtuzumab and 29 with aHSCT (conditioning regimen: carmustine/etoposide/ara-C/melphalan (BEAM) or cyclophosphamide). The proportion of patients with complete disease remission (no evidence of activity -NEDA-) was calculated at 3 years. Results: At baseline, aHSCT patients were younger than alemtuzumab patients (t=2.16; p=0.035), had higher EDSS (Mann-Whitney U=106; p Conclusions: Intense immunosuppression followed by aHSCT is superior to alemtuzumab in reducing relapses and MRI activity in aggressive MS and promotes disability improvement. Disclosure: Dr. Lapucci has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Sanofi. Dr. Boffa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sbragia has nothing to disclose. Dr. Capello has nothing to disclose. Dr. Curro has nothing to disclose. Dr. Laroni has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Merck Serono, Novartis, Biogen, Genzyme and Teva.. Dr. Roccatagliata has nothing to disclose. Dr. Uccelli has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Biogen, Novartis, Merck Serono, Teva, Genzyme, and Roche. Dr. Uccelli has received research support from Merck-Serono, Biogen, and Novartis.Dr. Gualandi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mancardi has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Bayer Schering, Biogen Idec, Sanofi Aventis, Teva, Genzyme and Merck Serono Pharmaceuticals.. Dr. Inglese has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Novartis Pharmaceuticals, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Noto Foundation, NIH, and Teva Neuroscience.


Serge Perrot, MD, PhD Pain Department, Cochin-Hôtel Dieu Hospital Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris Paris Descartes University, INSERM U987 Paris, France Email: email@example.com J oint pain, which may be a symptom of a wid variety of conditions, affects millions of people. Osteoarthritis (OA) represents the mo t frequent condition, affecting up to 20% of the population. OA pain, like many other pain conditions, is associated with numerous misconceptions and erroneous beliefs about its causes and effective management. In fact, there are major difficulties in getting patients to describe their OA pain: they may think nobody wants to hear about it, or perhaps they feel the need to preserve their self-image and social image. Some people live their lives according to a self-imposed stoicism, and some perceive OA as a complex, ever-changing, illogical disease associated with aging. OA-related pain is a specific disease, with a complex pathophysiology, including neuropathic peripheral and central abnormalities, together with local inflammation involving all joint structures. Clinical findings emphasize that it is not a stable and linear condition, that pain experience is independent of structural modifications, and that the quality of pain in OA is important to consider, aside from its intensity. OA-related pain is modulated by many factors, including the individual patient's psychological and genetic factors, as well as the theoretical role of meteor logical influences. Recent neuro maging findings have improved our knowledge about central mechanisms of OA pain, especially in persistent cases. Potential targets for OA pain include OA-specific pathophysiological mechanisms, but there is more


1. Binding of a purified scorpion toxin to membrane fragments isolated from electroplaque of an electric eel Electrophorus electricus was studied using a radio‐iodinated toxin.


The nucleation of GaAs films grown by the alternate deposition of gallium and arsenic monolayers on Si(211) and (100) substrates has been studied in situ using Auger and energy‐loss spectroscopies, and low‐energy electron diffraction. Films were observed to become continuous at much smaller thicknesses when grown on (211), as compared to (100), substrates. This implies that the nucleation site density is much greater on the (211) surface, as expected from the very high step density for this orientation. The observed growth was consistent with a layer‐by‐layer growth mode.The nucleation of GaAs films grown by the alternate deposition of gallium and arsenic monolayers on Si(211) and (100) substrates has been studied in situ using Auger and energy‐loss spectroscopies, and low‐energy electron diffraction. Films were observed to become continuous at much smaller thicknesses when grown on (211), as compared to (100), substrates. This implies that the nucleation site density is much greater on the (211) surface, as expected from the very high step density for this orientation. The observed growth was consistent with a layer‐by‐layer growth mode.


The purpose of the article is to determine the dependence of the parameters, the strength of sand reinforced by foamed bitumen on the content of organic binder. Tests were carried out by uniaxial compression using a measuring and computing complex. As a result, the ultimate compressive strength and the parameters of shear resistance are determined. To determine the angle of internal friction by uniaxial compression, a new technique is proposed, based on measuring the angle of inclination of the shear area to the main axes. According to the experimental work, mathematical models of the dependence of strength indicators from the content of organic binder in the Irtysh sand have been developed.


Significance Mutations in fused in sarcoma (FUS) contribute to a subset of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). ALS-linked mutations cause a liquid–liquid phase separation of FUS protein, induce cytoplasmic inclusions in cells, and interfere with RNA metabolism pathways. Our proteomic analysis shows that proteins sequestered into inclusions are enriched in translation and RNA quality surveillance pathways. This study demonstrates that ALS mutations in FUS indeed suppress protein translation and affect the mRNA nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway. NMD-promoting factors UPF1 and UPF3b increased, whereas the negative regulator UPF3a decreased in the cells of patients with ALS. The disruption in NMD regulation and suppression of protein biosynthesis likely contribute to neurodegeneration in ALS. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by preferential motor neuron death. Approximately 15% of ALS cases are familial, and mutations in the fused in sarcoma (FUS) gene contribute to a subset of familial ALS cases. FUS is a multifunctional protein participating in many RNA metabolism pathways. ALS-linked mutations cause a liquid–liquid phase separation of FUS protein in vitro, inducing the formation of cytoplasmic granules and inclusions. However, it remains elusive what other proteins are sequestered into the inclusions and how such a process leads to neuronal dysfunction and degeneration. In this study, we developed a protocol to isolate the dynamic mutant FUS-positive cytoplasmic granules. Proteomic identification of the protein composition and subsequent pathway analysis led us to hypothesize that mutant FUS can interfere with protein translation. We demonstrated that the ALS mutations in FUS indeed suppressed protein translation in N2a cells expressing mutant FUS and fibroblast cells derived from FUS ALS cases. In addition, the nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) pathway, which is closely related to protein translation, was altered by mutant FUS. Specifically, NMD-promoting factors UPF1 and UPF3b increased, whereas a negative NMD regulator, UPF3a, decreased, leading to the disruption of NMD autoregulation and the hyperactivation of NMD. Alterations in NMD factors and elevated activity were also observed in the fibroblast cells of FUS ALS cases. We conclude that mutant FUS suppresses protein biosynthesis and disrupts NMD regulation, both of which likely contribute to motor neuron death.


It has been introduced that the main engine's function of the hydraulic clipper controlled by PLC.It has been given that the clipper's main engine structure and the hydraulic schematic diagram.The type's choice of the PLC and I/O connector the state transition diagram were discussed in details.The working performance was stable on the production field.


In this study, a new process namely, ultrasonic-assisted jet electrodeposition, has been conceived. The ultrasonic-assisted jet electrodeposition process integrates the use of ultrasonic vibrations and high-speed selective jet electrodeposition process to fabricate micro shapes with comparatively high accuracy and with no edge effect. The present study focuses on the development of ultrasonic-assisted jet electrodeposition setup. The impacts of voltage, pulse on time of ultrasonic vibration, concentration of CuSO4·5H2O and interelectrode gap for the fabrication of square-shaped micro part have been studied. Deposition rate and dimensional accuracy of fabricated micro features were considered as responses. The experimental results showed that the ultrasonic-assisted jet electrodeposition process has the capability to fabricate micro parts, which yield better dimensional accuracy and no edge effect but waviness of the order of 10–50 µm, as compared to uneven depositional width and edge effect (gap of 200–250 µm) obtained by jet electrodeposition process.


In the past, the Kirchhoff s diffraction integral (KDI) method was successfully employed to analyze the diffraction problem in simple Fresnel Zone Plate (FZP) design. However, for complex and irregular structured Fresnel Zone Plates, the Kirchhoff diffraction integral is no longer a good choice. Efficient full-wave analysis is thus needed for a complete 3D transient analysis. Owing to the large computation domain and huge unknowns of the Fresnel Zone Plate problems, which is typically 10λ to 20λ, to date, no full-wave analysis has been attempted. In this paper, an efficient PSTD-FDTD method was first developed and applied to the 3D transient analysis of the Fresnel Zone Plate problem. In this paper, both the classic Fresnel Zone Plate and the irregular Fresnel Zone Plate are analyzed with the PSTD-FDTD method. Its accuracy and efficiency are validated by comparing with the Kirchhoff s diffraction integral method. (6 pages)


We explore the shunt vs. series relationship via the equivalent circuit of a p-in heterostructure junction. A heterostructure solar cell is modeled by means of an improved Thevenin equivalent diode-resistor circuit, that includes (a) a photogeneration current source (b) a junction current source (c) a shunt resistance and (d) a series resistance. We study the open-circuit conditions of such devices and incorporate experimental data in the general relation between the shunt resistor Rsh and the series resistor Rs (which can be numerically and graphically determined for any temperature range). Two sets of experimental data are introduced, based on two different device samples, namely, one multiquantum well GaAs/AlGaAs sample with quantum layers at 50A, and with 40 repeat distances (40 quantum wells), and a bulk GaAs p-i-n sample for comparison. We (a) develop general relations between photo-currents and circuit elements Rsh, Rs (b) provide quantitative dependence of shunt vs. series resistance at any temperature and (c) relate incident power to the series resistance by exploring the "area" method. Key-Words: Solar cells, equivalent circuits, shunt resistance, series resistance


The MDF panels are storaged by arranging in packets, consequently divided by base traverses. The panels are therefore deformed due to storing height, large distance among base traverses, and misalignment of base traverses. The research proved that the importance of storing is underestimated. The goal of this work is to calculate the optimum distance among base traverses, namely to estimate the adequate level of bending of the most strained board in order to be within acceptable limits. This paper gives comparison between numerical, analytical and experimental results.


Islamic ideologies have been, in the recent decades, spread widely across the world, mainly by Muslim immigrants to the West. This has been achieved through means of scholars and preachers, books and mosques. Some individuals and groups have adopted worldviews and ideologies which have not always met eye to eye with their surrounding societies. We find in a very few, however increasing, situations that some individuals have attempted to aggravate any non-conformity that exists between their own ideology and that which surrounds them. In the most extreme cases, we have seen the use of violence and terror against innocent citizens. Research upon this phenomenon has been carried out mostly in Middle-Eastern countries or America, UK and France. Only in recent years do we find this same discussion within other countries and areas, such as Belgium, Germany and Scandinavia. This thesis has aimed to understand the concept of radicalization within the Muslim context, and thereby focused upon literature which is used and quoted by those who identify with a radical, extreme and even violent notion. The research has been carried out in three main stages. Firstly, understanding and identifying the concept of radicalization. Secondly, the existing literature was examined to determine whether any specific faith or ideology was mentioned. Lastly, the role of Wahhabism as a potentially radicalizing ideology was thoroughly explored. The main research tool for this thesis was books and articles written by established contemporary Wahhabi personalities which explain and expand the Wahhabi creed. The first step of this thesis recognized various shortcomings and problematic issues with the method of defining and applying the term 'radical'. Existing literature by prominent scholars and researchers did outline certain notions of faith which can be determined as radicalizing. These notions are specifically upheld and propagated by Wahhabi and Salafi groups, whom in certain cases also use them to justify the use of extremism and violence. Furthermore, the writings of contemporary Wahhabi scholars, widely available in European languages, seemed to allow, at the very least level, intolerance towards others and in some cases radical and extreme behavior and rhetoric.


This section focuses on the psychological state of mind of adolescents whose one of parents suffers from mental illness. It also provides an insight into the various interventions for helping such adolescents in reducing genetic risks of mental illness.


Several methods have been devised to deal with the problem of temporal disaggregation of economic time series (a) either when related series are available or (b) when only aggregate figures exist. In this article, we propose a statistical model-based approach to temporal disaggregation of economic time series by related series. The proposed approach is performed in two stages. In the first stage, we evaluate a preliminary estimate of the disaggregated series using a regression model for the disaggregated series and related series observed in the same frequency. The preliminary estimate of disaggregated series obtained in the first step is not consistent with aggregate figures. To ensure consistency we propose in the second stage, the use of a modified benchmarking approach based on signal extraction (Hillmer and Trabelsi, 1987; Trabelsi and Hillmer, 1990) to adjust the preliminary estimate of disaggregate series. The approach developed here is used for Seasonally Adjusted (SA) and Not Seasonally Adjusted (NSA) data. A comparison with previous temporal disaggregation methods has been done.


CSEET The theme of CSEET was Professionalization of Software Engineering. Leonard Tripp, President of the IEEE Computer Society, summarized it as: Emerging critical social and economic factors have created a situation where it is vital that software engineering progress as a profession as soon as possible. It is becoming critical for the profession to be defined both legally and technically. Tripp goes on to identify four key areas being addressed in the activities to turn software engineering into a profession: 1. To clarify the "engineering" aspects of software engineering, establishing the boundary between software engineering and its related disciplines 2. To harmonize soRware engineering practices and consensus standards, contributing to the establishment of a repeatable basis for practicing sottware engineering 3. To identify the body of knowledge of software engineering, providing a foundation for software engineering education 4. To identify baseline performance expectations for a practicing soRware engineer, providing a basis for the certification and licensing of individuals This conference concentrated on three main themes: 1. Details on these topics (and others) can be found in the conference proceedings (a copy can be purchased from the IEEE). Several trends can be observed, both at this conference and on the Internet/Web: • The shortage of skilled software personnel in industry and academia continues and appears to be accelera.fing. There is also a similar shortage of professors in the colleges and universities to teach the material. While the number of students adopting Computer Science as a major is dropping significantly (I previously reported a 42% drop in enrollment over previous years), the faculty population seems to be dropping faster (caused by both retirement and a movement to higher paying jobs in industry). Some professors I spoke to at the conference mentioned enrollment as high as 250 students with 2-4 professors to cover the courses. Reliance on adjunct faculty from industry is at an all-time high, and availability of adjunct faculty is diminishing. • The Personal Software Process 0aSP) is increasingly being viewed as a significant tool for improving software ~fl._~__~. I've studied it to some degree but have not yet applied it; however, I~,e received a relatively large number of inputs from what I consider to be proficient practitioners who have taken a course in it (feeling initially that it's just another controversy like the CMM) and come out believing that it is effective and really works. They have reported si~mfificant increases …


There is insufficient randomized controlled trial evidence to support or refute paroxetine treatment in people with anxiety and comorbid alcohol use disorders. Available evidence were deemed of very low quality due to the small study sizes, imprecise measures of effectiveness, and concern that there was bias due to selective reporting.

Two small randomized controlled trials with a total of 57 adults (mean ages 29‐36 years) examined the benefits and harms of paroxetine vs. placebo treatment in patients with anxiety and comorbid alcohol dependence or abuse. Patients given paroxetine were more than twice as likely to respond compared with those given placebo (57.5% vs. 25.8%).

The same trials found no clear benefit or harm from paroxetine in terms of symptom severity, treatment withdrawal due to adverse events, days abstinent, and drinks per day; however they were underpowered to detect a meaningful clinical difference.


Based on the distinct characteristics of the soft system, the new conceptions and theory are created, and the reliability academic model of associated system is provided. Recurring to this reliability function model, the coupling relation of the simple system is systematically assorted. At the same time, the application methods and foregrounds are analyzed.


For appropriate choices of k and k we show r (Bk,k) _ {n(k+k)/3-1} which is the smallest possible value of the Ramsey number of any tree on k+9, vertices. ABSTRACT A broom Bk,k is a tree obtained by identifying an end-vertex o£ a path on k vertices with the central vertex of star on k edges. The Ramsey number r(B, k) is determined pre-I cisely for k > 2k and relatively sharp bounds


The ecotourism,based on the nature reserves,has become a hot tourism.The rapid development of ecotourism has aroused a very important problem to deal with the relationship between protection and exploitation.Songshan Nature Reserve lies in the suburb of Beijing,which plays an important role in the ecological environment and tourism of Beijing.Developing a special ecotourism will make a new way to sustainable development and management in Songshan Nature Reverse.In this paper,the definition and meaning of ecotourism are presented,and the significance and policy of ecotourism especially negative influence to environment are put forward.Moreover,as regard to the influenc of ecotourism to environment,an index was established,then an evaluation system using this index was given.


—The post-Cenomanian sedimentary sequence of the East Messo-Yakha oil and gas field in the southern Gydan Peninsula comprises twelve lithological units (beds) correlated to Upper Cretaceous, Paleogene, and Quaternary regional stratigraphic stages and formations. The facies of the sedimentary units are constrained from lithology and microfossils. The stratigraphic division is based on bio-stratigraphy (fauna and spore-pollen assemblages), paleomagnetism, and geochronology (quartz and feldspar grains dated by optically stimulated luminescence). The deposition record is interrupted by six large stratigraphic unconformities. The obtained data provide new insights into the Late Cretaceous, Paleogene, and Quaternary paleogeography of the area.


The aim of the study is to explore the views of information professionals for knowledge management (KM) in the libraries/information institutions of Bangladesh. This paper seeks to address the following research questions: How the information professionals of Bangladesh perceive the views of KM? What are likely to be the skills required by the information professionals of Bangladesh for KM in the libraries of Bangladesh? and what are likely to be the critical success factors for encouraging KM in the information institutions of Bangladesh? The methodology includes a quantitative approach. The study has been conducted through a survey using a pre-structured questionnaire. A short and structured questionnaire was sent to 50 information professionals who had been working in different libraries in Bangladesh through email and/or by postal mail. The respondents were selected from six divisions of Bangladesh (25 respondents from Dhaka division, 5 each in Chittagong, Rajshahi, Khulna, Barishal and Sylhet divisions). Out of the 50 individuals sent the survey we received 30 responses, for a response rate 60%. The results of the study show that that 93.24% of the respondents first read about KM in the literature, but none had taken any courses on KM. Only 6.76% of the respondents had attended a workshop on KM. Findings also yield most professionals believed that several competencies including those in: communication, facilitation, coaching, mentoring, networking, negotiating, consensus building, and team working were essential for KM in the libraries of Bangladesh. This paper also suggests some critical success factors for encouraging the information professionals to KM in the libraries of Bangladesh. It investigates the original views of the library and information professionals of Bangladesh regarding the skills and competences of information professionals for KM in the libraries of Bangladesh. The department of Information Science and Library Management of Dhaka University and Rajshahi University should introduce KM course(s) either in the graduate level or in the post-graduate level.


Urbanization, one of the most dramatic forms of land conversion, modifies local climatic environments and threatens human life and health. Here we use the space‐for‐time approach combined with satellite data to quantify the potential perturbation of surface energy balance and land surface temperature (LST) caused by urbanization at global scale. We estimate that collectively +2.4°C, +0.9°C, and +1.7°C potential changes for annual daytime, nighttime, and mean LST could be triggered when land surface converted from natural area to urban use, due primarily to the decline of latent heat during months from April to October (−23.9–−3.2 W m−2), and the reduced sensible heat and ground heat storage in other months (−5.2–−2.4 W m−2). Urbanization perturbation to surface energy balance and temperature exhibit conspicuous spatial heterogeneity (i.e., varying with latitude and climate zones) and temporal asymmetries (i.e., diurnal and seasonal: strong in summer daytime and weak in winter nighttime). These spatial‐temporal variations are interrelated closely with local background climate‐vegetation regimes, as indicated by strong correlations between urbanization perturbation to surface biophysical effects and precipitation, temperature, vegetation index across regions and months. Our findings provide empirical evidence that biophysical mechanisms of urbanization need to be considered in predicting future trajectories of climate change and local susceptibility of surface energy balance should be accounted for when evaluating urbanization effects and mitigating urban heat.


All parents hope their children will have a bright future.They start work early and knock off late every day. They save coins and economize food and clothing so that they may have enough money for their children's education.


We have developed a single-package 2ch-balanced receiver module composed of a monolithically integrated 4-PDs and a 2ch-IC. The module has excellent receiver characteristics and is suitable for 43-Gbit/s DQPSK.


Recognizing student misconceptions is critical for effective teaching. Tools that reveal student thinking indicate that misunderstanding randomness interferes with learning of molecular dynamics and evolutionary processes.


Learning is a process of negotiation, the meaning, and the process of assimilation of the new concepts into cognitive schema that is owned by the student. In order that it occurs a problem faced by every individual with respect to the ability to absorb new information. Each individual will have different speeds and produce different achievements also depend on factors that surrounded him. One important factor is the method of teaching. Various methods are available to explain to the students but each method will have different characteristics. In addition to the method, also pay attention to learning media in accordance with the character of the material, the method chosen and the students. In this research method used is a method STAD it is selected so that the quality of learning in the aspect of the interest and activity of increasing student learning. Media animation of the character this adjusting stoichiometry tend to be abstract. From the selection of a suitable model and the media are expected to increase learning achievement so that the quality of learning achieved. Keywords : STAD, Media Animasi