Performance assessment requires calculating radionuclide discharge for many sets of conditions and scenarios. In general, such calculations use empirical retardation factors that describe the average effect of all radionuclide/fluid/rock interactions. This method, however, may underestimate radionuclide discharges and disguise potential violations of regulatory standards. An alternative approach, coupled reaction-transport models, can be used to obtain a detailed understanding of physicochemical phenomena but the general application of such rigorous models may be impractical in repository performance assessment. The objective of this geochemical sensitivity analysis is to use simple, approximate models to calculate upper bounds for radionuclide discharges and to identify physicochemical conditions where more rigorous theoretical transport calculations must be done. An approximate model is given for bounding discharges of radionuclides in porous rock in scenarios where radioactive production is negligible but decay is appreciable, and several nuclides of an element migrate and undergo a speciation reaction. The model is incorporated into a methodology to determine critical combinations of hydrological and chemical parameter values that result in discharges that violate the HLW standard proposed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (40CFR 191). As an example, the methodology is applied to the discharges of /sup 243/Am and /sup 237/Np from a referencemore » repository. It also is shown how results from the sensitivity analyses can be used to develop criteria for designing laboratory experiments so that effects of significant speciation reactions will be detected. Approximate methods for calculating radionuclide discharge are given for extending these analyses to transport in fractured rock where diffusion of radionuclides into the matrix may occur. 27 refs., 12 figs., 1 tab.« less


In allusion to the problems which exist in sewage pipeline exhaust valves, such as failure of sewage flow direction judgment, lack of secondary leak protection and prone to false alarms, an intelligent secondary protection device featuring IOT control is developed. The intelligent device has such functions as sewage flow direction judgment, secondary leak protection, self-powered and IOT control. Thanks to its small size, it can be installed at the top of existing SCAR composite sewage exhaust valve. It can achieve the effect of advancing the existing secondary device from less pollution to zero pollution, properly judge the sewage flow direction to prevent false alarm, and thus enhance the safe operation level of sewage pipeline exhaust valves.


A production system is studied in which thousands of activities are carried out concurrently subject to precedence constraints and limitations on resources such as skilled labor and equipment. Ideally, management proposes a set of milestone dates, obtains an analysis of which milestones cannot be met, and determines which resources are underused or overused. This process continues interactively until milestones consistent with management's objectives are obtained. The authors derive, from elementary principles and basic assumptions (axioms), a continuous-time model of project execution of an aggregate level of detail. The model is approximated using a set of linear inequalities. This data structure can be manipulated easily and quickly by methods of linear programming to perform the required analysis. >


Introduction: ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a group of intra membrane proteins that play key roles in the transmission and exchange of vital compounds on both sides of the membrane. These proteins can specially transport anti-cancer drugs out of cancer cells. ABCG2 is a member of this family that is extremely expressed in many cancers. This study, aims to evaluate the binding affinity of three antioxidants thymoquinone (TQ), gallic acid (GA), and hesperetin (HP) to ABCG2 compared with an anti-cancer drug, mitoxantrone (Mit), to export cells. Methods: The PDB file of ABCG2 was obtained from the protein data bank server (http://www.rcsb.org) with ID: 5NJ3. After 200 stages of molecular docking running on ABCG2 protein in AutoDock v.4.2 software, the amino acids involved in the binding site of each compound were identified using the LigPlot+ software. Results: HP had the lowest (-6.36 kcal/mol) and GA had the highest (-3.93 kcal/mol) binding energy in comparison with Mit (-0.06 kcal/mol) for binding to ABCG2. Effective concentration required to perform the reaction between ABCG2 was higher in GA (1.31 mM) than TQ (42.69 μM) and HP (21.74 μM). GA, HP, and TQ formed 17, 18, and 22 hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds at the binding site of ABCG2. Conclusion: It seems that GA has the lowest affinity to make contact with ABCG2 binding site. So, GA tends to remain in the cell but TQ and HP tend to leave the cell easily via ABCG2 transporter.


The first question a non-Lisp user will ask is: Why bother, aren't the standard Fortran benchmarks good enough? I know from experience that the speed of different versions of Lisp depends on more that the speed of the underlying machine, from having written a graph matching program in UCI Lisp for TOPS-20, then changing it to run in Franz on a 750 where the times increased by much more than the stated machine differences. This program was then moved to a Symbolics 3600 with an enourmous speedup (far more than the basic machine speed would indicate).


The multilayer nonwoven fabric having good water permeability and its production method. At least one fine denier meltblown microfiber layer thick layer of melt-spun filaments of a thermoplastic polymer and at least one layer of thermoplastic polymer bonded together at a point spaced heat. Then, while being heated, without tearing, by the force of the at least one direction of the coarse denier melt-spun filaments a permanent elongation, in the case of fine melt blown microfibers is pulled substantially get straight. Fine meltblown microfibers in the straight aligned more closely to the final form of the nonwoven fabric becomes thinner. Finished possible to prevent liquid penetration; having considerable gas permeability and lighter weight.


The aim of our paper was to determine the properties of humic acids produced as a result of decomposition (under controlled conditions) of post-harvest residue of maize, rapeseed, and sunflower in different soil types (haplic luvisol, chernozems, haplic arenosols, and haplic gleysols). The extraction of humic acids was performed from the samples obtained directly once the post harvest residue was mixed with soil material, and after 360 days of incubation. The properties of humic acids were determined based on elemental analysis HPLC and HPSEC. The qualitative parameters of humic acids demonstrated that introducing sunflower postharvest residue into the soil causes the formation of humic acids typical for soils without any additives. On the other hand, properties of humic acids after introducing maize post-harvest residue into soil are most modified.


The synthesis of anhydrous zinc phosphate from zinc oxide and thermal process phosphoric acid by solid state reaction method was investigated.The influence of the molar ratio of zinc oxide-to-Phosphorus pentaoxide(ZnO/P2O5),the reaction temperature and reaction time on the product components was discussed.The phase structure of the product was validated by XRD.The synthetic technique which was technically feasible and economically reasonable was confirmed.The quality of the product could meet with correlative standard.


TO THE EDITOR: I read with much interest and enthusiasm the three part article "Abuse of Medicines," (Jan., Feb., Mar. 1976 DICP). This timely and totally complete article should be made required reading for all those claiming to be a pharmacist. The first part of this series of articles dealing with the abuse of self-medication was particularly well done and prompted me to share my experience with you. Those of us who have had the opportunity (or the motivation) to actually talk with a patient by taking drug histories or providing over-the-counter drug information, have probably come to the conclusion that the general public is ignorant in the use of OTC drugs and is often misled by the power of mass media advertising. We sadly shake our heads and say "something should be done about this." Unfortunately, this frequently is as far as our grandiose ideas of educating the public ever proceed. Well, I encourage my fellow pharmacists to take our wealth of information regarding the use of OTC's to the public. How? By teaching a class through a community service section of a junior college that is patterned after the APhA's Handbook of Non-Prescription Drugs. Such a class entitled "Be Wise with Medicines" was shown to be a real "consumer grabber" and a worthwhile experience in my case. The word-of-mouth praise for this type of information spread through the community which has resulted in the continuation and anticipated further expansion of this course in the future. In conclusion, I say to my fellow pharmacists, my fellow drug experts: The Need For OTC Drug Education Is Real; The Opportunity To Present This Education Is Real; Are You For Real? If you are, take the initiative to proceed with a similar experience of your own. JOHN A. ZEISLER, JR., Pharm.D. LAC-USC Medical Center 1200 North State Street Room 8401 Los Angeles, California 90033


Abstract : Theoretical investigations in connection with the hypervelocity launcher research efforts have required a detailed study of strong explosions and implosions. For some time, it has been known that the system of partial differential equations defining pressure, density, and particle velocity can be converted to a system of ordinary differential equations by means of a similarity transformation. In the case of an exploding blast wave, the similarity transformation can be explicitly determined by consideration of the principle of energy conservation. The resulting system of equations which ultimately contains only one parameter, namely the adiabatic constant, gamma, can then be integrated numerically, using the known relations at the shock front as initial conditions. Alternatively, known analytic solutions are available, but these have not been used extensively since they are implicit and do not allow the direct determination of the desired physical quantities (pressure, density, and velocity) at a given point.


Abstract. This study aims at investigating the aerodynamic characteristics and mission performance of a supersonic business jet at a conceptual design stage. Moreover, the environmental impact of such concept is analyzed to support the development of a potential CO2 emissions standard for supersonic transport aircraft. The case study considered for the analysis is a supersonic business jet.


A Universe (Alone), 2019 (Un universo [solo], 2019, by Fernando de Retes and Maria Prado, Cuartoymitad Teatro; my translation and online video subtitles commissioned by Cuartoymitad Teatro).

This item reflects a book-length translation into English of a Spanish-language work of theatre. The theatre translation itself was not commissioned for publication and was used as the basis for the production of English-subtitles to accompany the Spanish production video. The translation may be used in the future as the basis for a full-length English-language performance of the play.


Innovative approaches to organization and management are advocated for both public and private sector organizations, yet few attempts have been made to compare the relative take-up rates of these innovations in the two sectors. In this paper we report the results of an Australian study of the use of nine new organizational practices and observe that managers in government-owned commercial enterprises and private sector organizations have a similar view of the nature of their external environment, a similar level of use of these new practices, and a similar level of formalization and centralization. We then discuss the relevance of economic/rational and neo-institutional theories to these findings. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.


A micromagnetic model was developed to study a 4-terminal, insulating spacer Dual-Stripe GMR head (DSGMR) operating in differential mode, and a 2-terminal, high resistivity conducting spacer, Dual-GMR head. Pulse shape and magnetization distributions were correlated with current biasing and non-linear effects. For two (NiFe/sub 20 /spl Aring///Cu/sub 20 /spl Aring//)/sub /spl times/10/ GMR elements and a gap of 500 /spl Aring/, the DSGMR shows higher output than the Dual-GMR at frequencies <400 kfci but has a gap null at 570 kfci. The Dual-GMR has a higher output above 400 kfci, but shows no common-mode effect cancellation, characteristic from dual-stripe heads in differential mode. A single element GMR tape head was fabricated and results compared with simulation.


The effect of inhibiting protein glycosylation was studied in nongrowing mycelia and protoplasts of Trichoderma reesei which secreted two endoglucanases (I and II) upon addition of sophorose. Tunicamycin (40 μg∙mL−1) inhibited incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine into secreted protein, but had no effect on secretion of total protein or endoglucanases. The secreted endoglucanases I and II exhibited relative molecular masses of 58 and 45 kilodaltons, respectively, irrespective of the presence of tunicamycin. On the other hand 2-deoxy-D-glucose inhibited the biosynthesis of extracellular as well as intracellular protein over a wide range of concentrations; at 50 μg∙mL−1, however, it inhibited the synthesis of extracellular protein more strongly. The synthesis of endoglucanases I and II was decreased accordingly under these conditions. SDS–PAGE did not reveal the secretion of endoglucanases with smaller molecular weights. When the two endoglucanases were purified and subjected to Endo H treatment or β-elimina...


The personal car is experiencing a drastic shift regarding the properties desired by customers. Traditionally, customers focused on physical qualities of the car, such as durability, safety, and fuel-economy. While these qualities are still relevant, the integration of the car into customers' digital ecosystems becomes more important. Customers expect digital functions, which they use in other environments (home, mobile phone), to work seamlessly in the car. Such functions are, for example, music streaming and video streaming, virtual games, and text, audio and video communication.In this experience report, we describe two main challenges of such in-car digital functions: (i) digital sustainability: the need to continuously update and expand digital functions over the course of cars' lifetimes and (ii) digital diversification: the need to address drastically different customer demands regarding digital functions in global markets. Given these challenges, we motivate that multi-purpose in-car software platforms will need to be established to address these key challenges in the future.


Three-dimensional reconstruction of the scala tympani of the guinea pig cochlea has been accomplished with a recently developed acquisition system that uses a novel optical sectioning technique. The system produces high-contrast images of cochlear cross sections that clearly delineate the walls of the scala tympani. Serial images are recorded with a rotational protocol. With this technique the investigator can trace the scalae from the base to the helicotrema of the inner ear. The outline is digitized in each of these pages, producing a collection of closed curves, one from each image. These digitized curves, along with the translation and rotation data associated with each image, form the database for the three-dimensional reconstruction.<<ETX>>


Purpose:The receptor tyrosine kinase ERBB4/HER4 plays a role in cell division, migration, differentiation, aswell as apoptosis, and is frequently overexpressed in breast and colorectal tumors.To understand the role of genetic variations in the regulationof ERBB4 expression, we identifiednew polymorphisms and investigated their functional implication and risk association with breast and colorectal cancer. Experimental Design:We screened colorectal tumors from 92 patients for genetic variants at the ERBB4 ATG -1000 bp 5¶-regulatory region by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography and sequencing. Variants were subjected to DNA-protein interaction analyses (electrophoretic mobility shift assay), reporter gene assays in breast cancer cell lines MDA134 and MDA157, and immunohistochemical analyses of breast tumors. We established genotype frequencies within a breast cancer case-control collection (1,021cases, 1,015 population-based controls) and a colorectal cancer case-control collection (459 cases, 569 blood donors) using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Results:We identified five newgerm line variants -815A>T, -782G>T, -638 insTC, -267C>G, and -219 del10bp. Two variants showed in vitro functional effects. The -782Tallele showed lower protein binding affinity and lower promoter activity compared with the -782G allele, however, the -815Tallele showed higher protein binding affinity and higher promoter activity. The -782T variant was identified as a risk allele for breast and colorectal cancer (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.06-2.34 and OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.22-3.99, respectively). Conclusion:The ERBB4 -782 G>T polymorphism, by virtue of its in vitro functional implication and incidence, is a risk factor for breast and colorectal cancer. The ERBB4 protein, also known as HER4, is a member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF/ERBB) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, which are key activators of signaling pathways involved in cell division, migration, adhesion, differentiation, and apoptosis (1). ERBB4 participates together with other members EGFR/ERBB1/HER1, ERBB2/HER2, and ERBB3/HER3 in ERBB signaling of which the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase–activated AKT pathways are the most prominent targets (1). Aberrant ERBB signaling is a frequent phenomenon of many human cancers with receptor tyrosine kinase overexpression correlating with the oncogenic potential (1). Particularly, EGFR and ERBB2 have well-characterized roles in carcinogenesis and prognosis (2). Both receptor tyrosine kinases are frequently overexpressed in tumor tissues (3), and cancer patients whose tumors have EGFR or ERBB2 alterations tend to have a more aggressive disease associated with variables predicting a poor outcome (2, 4). A detailed biochemical understanding and availability for extracellular manipulation made them attractive targets for pharmacologic intervention. As of today, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody for the inhibition of ERBB2, i.e., Herceptin Cancer Susceptibility and Prevention Authors' Affiliations: Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; Department of Clinical Pharmacology University Tu« bingen, Tu« bingen, Germany; Department of Molecular Genetics, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany; GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Epidemiology, Neuherberg, Germany ; Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Germany; and Evangelische Kliniken Bonn gGmbH, Johanniter Krankenhaus Bonn, Germany Received 2/21/07; revised 9/13/07; accepted 9/20/07. Grant support: Robert Bosch Foundation of Medical Research, Stuttgart, Germany, the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Germany grants 01KW9975/5, 01KW9976/8, 01KW9977/0, and 01KW0114, and the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS-P3-054). M. Rokavec was a Marie Curie Fellow of the European Commission under the Program HPMT-CT-2001-00269, ''Fighting Breast Cancer'' Tu« bingen/Stuttgart. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges.This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with18 U.S.C. Section1734 solely to indicate this fact. Note: Supplementary data for this article are available at Clinical Cancer Research Online (http://clincancerres.aacrjournals.org/). Requests for reprints: Hiltrud Brauch, Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstrasse 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany. Phone: 49-711-8101-3705; Fax: 49-711-85-9295; E-mail: email@example.com. F2007 American Association for Cancer Research. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-0457 www.aacrjournals.org Clin Cancer Res 2007;13(24) December15, 2007 7506 Research. on June 13, 2021. © 2007 American Association for Cancer clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from (trastuzumab), and a low–molecular weight molecule for the inhibition of EGFR, i.e., Iressa (gefinitib) have been introduced into clinical practice and were proven to successfully control disease with respect to metastatic breast and non–small cell lung cancer as well as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, respectively (3). Whether ERBB4 may have a similar role in tumor biology and treatment is unclear. ERBB4 is expressed at low levels in the majority of adult tissues including breast and colon (5). Insight into its relevance during embryonic development comes from targeted inactivation in mice, which die by embryonic day 11 due to defective trabeculation in the heart (6). Although ERBB4 seems to be dispensable for ductal branching during mammary gland development of the virgin mouse and early lobulo-alveolar development at the onset of pregnancy, it is required at the penultimate stage of lobulo-alveolar expansion and epithelial functional differentiation (7). The mechanism of ERBB4 regulation is not fully understood, but there is increasing evidence that the estrogen receptor (ER) plays a role (8). In tumors, ERBB4 is overexpressed inf20% of breast cancers with mRNA levels reaching 170-fold expression compared with those observed in normal mammary glands (9). Although the frequency and range of overexpression are reminiscent of ERBB2 , the underlying mechanism for ERBB4 overexpression cannot be explained by gene amplification. Also, the role of ERBB4 expression in tumors is controversial (discussed in ref. 9). Although ERBB4 expression has been found to be associated with a well-differentiated phenotype (10) and favorable progosis in breast cancer (5, 11, 12), other studies favor an oncogenic role (13, 14). Recently, it has been shown that the prognostic value of ERBB4 depends on the subcellular localization of the ERBB4 protein, i.e., nuclear ERBB4 staining has been associated with worse clinical outcome compared with cell membrane– associated ERBB4 staining (9). The subcellular localization depends on the expressed ERBB4 isoform in that only proteasecleavable isoforms can translocate to the nucleus (9). On the gene structure level, ERBB4 is subject to genetic variation; however, as of August 2007, limited data on variants in the 5¶-regulatory region and their functional consequences are available. Because genetic variants in the 5¶-regulatory region of EGFR have been shown to alter promoter activity and gene expression in vitro and in vivo (15), there is a possibility that variants of the ERBB4 5¶-regulatory region may also exert such a role. We therefore screened the ERBB4 ATG -1000 bp including the 5¶-untranslated region with the transcriptional starting site at -98 for the presence of novel genetic variants and studied their functional consequences as well as potential roles in breast and colorectal cancer. Materials andMethods Mutation analyses and identification of germ line variants at the ERBB4 5¶-regulatory region. Tumor DNA from 92 patients with primary colorectal adenocarcinoma was isolated by standard phenol chloroform extraction. PCR was used to amplify the 1 kb ERBB4 5¶regulatory region by three independent reactions. Fragments spanning ATG -1009 to -678 (primers, 5¶-TTTCCGTAAGCGGCCCTC-3¶ and 5¶GGGCGGTGGGAATAAAAC-3¶; annealing temperature, 55jC) and ATG -701 to -261 (primers, 5¶-GGGTTGTTTTATTCCCACCG-3¶ and 5¶GGCCGGACTGTGCAGCTATT-3¶; annealing temperature, 56jC) were amplified using Qiagen hotstart polymerase (Qiagen). The ATG -313 to +77 fragment (primers, 5¶-AGGGAGCGAGCAAGCGAAGG-3¶ and 5¶GAATCGCTGGGCTGGACGGT-3¶; annealing temperature, 64jC) was amplified using Failsafe kit (buffer J; Epicentre). Reactions were carried out according to the manufacturer's instructions. PCR products were subjected to denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography analyses using the Transgenomic WAVE DNA Fragment Analysis System and Wavemaker software (Transgenomic). Chromatograms of each fragment were analyzed and amplimers with variant elution profiles were subsequently sequenced to confirm putative sequence variations. For this, PCR products were purified with Qiagen PCR purification kit (Qiagen), sequencing reactions were carried out with the ABI PRISM Big Dye terminator cycle sequencing kit 1.1 and sequence analysis was done with an ABI prism 310 automatic sequencer (Applied Biosystems). All ERBB4 mutations identified in tumor tissue were analyzed accordingly in corresponding normal tissue. Plasmid constructs. For the construction of a recombinant plasmid, the ERBB4 5¶-regulatory region (-1006 to -5) was amplified from human genomic DNA with forward primer 5¶-AGAACGCGTCCGTAAGCGGCCCTCC-3¶ and reverse primer 5¶-AGACTCGAGGGAAGTCTCAGATCCCG-3¶. These oligonucleotides introduced a MluI and XhoI restriction site at the 5¶and 3¶-ends of the amplified fragment, respectively. The PCR produ


Field experiments were conducted to find out the bio-efficacy of emamaectin benzoate 5 SG against brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis, diamondback moth of cabbage, Plutella xylostella and the okra fruit borer, Earias vittella. Two sprays of each treatment were applied after initiation of infestation. On the basis of post treatment larval population and damage, emamectin benzoate was found to be most effective against all the test insects. In all the three test dosages of emamectin benzoate, no significant difference was noted in the level of infestation or damage caused by the three insects. Emamectin benzoate was effective against all the three insects even at the lowest dose i.e., 7.50 g a.i./ha against brinjal shoot and fruit borer and diamondback moth and at 5.00 g a.i./ha against okra fruit borer.


This study conducted to examine the private savings behavior in Malaysia. This study further examines the relationship between economic growth, interest rate, and inflation rate with the private saving in Malaysia. This study done on this topic as the private savings said to be affected by the three economic variables and less study undertaken regarding this topic in Malaysia. It also become essential issue in Malaysia as private savings is a major source of fund and capital and Malaysia is one of the largest saving countries in world. All data used are in yearly basis range from year 1972 until 2005. Using the Multiple Linear Regression, this study reveals that none the variables examine is significant to the private savings in Malaysia.


There exist a lot of important quantities which have their origin in aggregate behavior of unstable fission products (FP) in nuclear reactors. Decay heat is a typical example of importance. These quantities are calculated by summing up all the contributions coming from each unstable nucleus accumulated during reactor operation by using of FP decay data libraries. In their infancy, however, they were suffered from so-called the pandemonium problem. For decades, the difficulty caused by pandemonium problem has been circumvented by introduction of a β-decay theory. In recent years, the total absorption gamma-ray spectroscopy (TAGS) is saving the situation remarkably even though leaving some open problems.


'Zhongai 3',a new pear dwarfing rootstock variety,was selected from the seedling progeny of'Jinxiang'. The tree is dwarf and compact,with about height 54% of the vigorous'Zaosu' pear tree. As the scion,its propagation coefficient is high. As dwarf stock,it had a good compatibility with rootstocks and cultivars,which could enhance the grafted tree dwarfing,early fruiting,good harvest and quality'.Zhongai 3'was resistant to pear branch ring rot and rot disease,and the disease index was 15 and 27 respectively. It is suitable for using as dwarf interstock in areas of Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.,Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai,Pyrus communis L. and part of Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.


The present invention relates to a wafer loading device, capable of performing a chemical treatment like a diffusion process, etc. for doping a phosphor by transferring a wafer from a cassette receiving the solar wafer to a boat and transferring the wafer which is chemically treated to the cassette again in a manufacturing process of a solar cell, and more particularly, to a wafer loading device which includes a wafer, a cassette on which the wafers are arranged in an overlapping manner, a boat for chemically treating the wafer by loading the wafer, and a transfer unit to transfer the wafer. Two wafer groups composed of a plurality of wafers in one cassette are loaded on the boat in the overlapping manner, thereby improving the chemical treatment speed of each wafer. Accordingly, a process time can be shortened.


The author of this paper has studied 165 primary - school teachers in different cities and countrysides by adopting psychometry and questionnaires, finding that they are on a good level in teaching motives, teaching efficacy, and the seeking spirits. The teaching abilities of urban teachers are better than those of the rural teachers. Knowledge aim helds a dominent position in teaching aims. The urban and rural diferences are not remarkable. The concept of students is not good on the whole.


In this paper we proposed a novel discrete-time recurrent neural networks. Input-to-state stability (ISS) approach is applied to access robust training algorithms. We conclude that for discrete-time nonlinear system identification, the gradient descent law and the backpropagation-like algorithm for the weights adjustment are stable in the sense of L/sub /spl infin// and robust to any bounded uncertainties.


Ternary content addressable memories (TCAMs) represent a form of logic-in-memory and are currently widely used in routers, caches, and efficient machine learning models. From a technology prospective, researchers have begun to consider various non-volatile (NV) memory technologies to design NV TCAMs that may offer improvements with respect to figures of merit, such as energy and delay when compared to conventional CMOS designs. Among these devices, ferroelectric field effect transistors (FeFETs) stand out due to their high <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ {I}_{\text {ON}}/{I}_{\text {OFF}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ratio, efficient voltage-driven write mechanism, low-cost, and CMOS-compatible fabrication process. We propose a 2FeFET TCAM design based on a state-of-the-art, <italic>experimentally calibrated</italic> FeFET model. We evaluate and compare our design with other TCAMs at the cell and array levels. Our results suggest that a 2FeFET TCAM requires <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.5{\times }/3200 {\times }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> less write energy than CMOS/resistive random access memory (ReRAM) TCAMs, respectively. The cell area is 13% of that of a CMOS TCAM, and is on par with ReRAM designs. The search energy-delay-product of a 2FeFET TCAM is also <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.1 {\times }/2.8 {\times }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> less than CMOS/ReRAM TCAMs, respectively.


Relevance. In children with cerebral palsy, assessing protein-energy malnutrition is not an easy task. Since the violation of the growth and development of this category of children has a multifactorial genesis, the approach to solving the issues of evaluating the nutritional status in these patients should be comprehensive. Only a comprehensive solution, taking into account clinical, neurological and anthropometric indicators, laboratory markers, as well as knowledge of the characteristics of physical development, actual nutrition, body composition in children with cerebral palsy will help reflect the real state of the nutritional status of the patient. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional status and study the features of nutritional history in various forms of cerebral palsy. Material and research methods. The article presents the data on assessing the nutritional status and nutritional history of 65 patients with cerebral palsy from 3 to 15 years old, who made up the main group and divided into 5 subgroups depending on the form of the disease. The control group consisted of 30 healthy children, comparable in gender and age to the main group. Assessment of nutritional status was carried out on the basis of determining the weight and height of the child, the circumference of the shoulder, measuring the thickness of the skin-fat fold over the triceps, determining the absolute number of blood lymphocytes and albumin content. Results and discussion. In 63.1% of children with cerebral palsy, oral-motor dysfunction of varying severity was found, the most pronounced in the group of patients with tetraparesis (88.8%), and problems with food intake occurred in 78.7% of patients in the main group. As a result of nutritional problems in 80% of patients with cerebral palsy using the Billbreri-Cohen method, protein-energy insufficiency of varying severity was detected. Findings. The determining disorders in nutritional status in patients with cerebral palsy are additional disorders in the functioning of the body due to severe difficulties in eating directly related to a violation of nervous regulation, the main causes of which are damage to the brain centers, as well as a violation of the swallowing and chewing functions, as well as the lack of active movements, which, in turn, leads to a mismatch of eating habits.


Urethral stricture is a common lower urinary tract disease in men.The difficulty in treatment of this disease is the fairly high recurrence rate postoperatively,and therefore how to prevent recurrence of urethral stricture has become a focus in urinary tract reconstruction surgery research field.In addition to paying attention to operation key points,the appropriate use of drugs to prevent urethral stricture is also a common way.This review has summarized the existing drugs for preventing recurrence of urethral stricture reported clinically and basic research of exploring the most efficient anti-fibrosis drugs,and has thought about the drawbacks of existing research


Adhesion Sciences have known an important development during the course of the last few years. In part, this is the result of the appearance of suitable analytical and characterization techniques allowing (a) a better understanding of interfacial phenomena, (b) a greater knowledge of the role of surface treatments and of the chemical nature of adherend surfaces, (c) a better knowledge of the effects of agressive environments and (d) a better precision in the identification of delamination modes of assemblies under test or under working conditions. The present paper:―describes some examples of industrial multimaterials in which metal/polymer, glass or ceramic/polymer and polymer/polymer interfaces are present―provides some examples of surface treatments of metallic and polymeric substrates and details their role,―shows the interest in and the possibilities of various analytical and characterization techniques. In this context, emphasis is particularly placed on the nature of the information obtained from, on the one hand basic surface analysis methods (x-ray photoelectron, Auger electron, secondary ion mass and ion scattering spectrometries) and, on the other hand, methods non usually used in the present field (x-ray fluorescence, low-energy electron induced x-ray and glow discharge optical spectrometries),―brings forth the performances of microscopic observation techniques (scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy) and of associated microanalytical and microstructural methods (x-ray emission and electron-energy loss spectrometries, micro or even nano-diffraction),―also shows the usefulness of more conventional methods such as infrared spectrometry in order to obtain certain types of chemical information not provided by the various methods indicated above


This new view of Iron Age society in Kazakhstan breaks away from the old documentary and ethnic framework and offers an independent archaeological chronology. Excavated house types and new environmental data show that nomadism and cultivation were practised side by side. Scholars had previously tended to emphasise the ability of documented Saka leaders to plunder and collect tribute from sedentary agriculture groups through military aggression. But what really gave them a political and economic edge over other steppe groups was a dual economy based upon farming and herding.


Histological investigations were made of ovules and seeds of 18 species of Cactaceae representing the three tribes (or subfamilies) usually recognized. Fifteen characteristics of ovules and seeds are discussed. On the basis of these fifteen characters the three traditional tribes (Pereskieae, Careeae and Opuntieae) may be recognized; also several subgroups may be proposed in the Cereeae. The embryo appears to offer unusual possibilities in suggesting relationships between species, especially when employed together with other histological studies. AH lines of evidence point to the fact that the Opuntieae and the Pereskieae are quite natural taxa, while the Cereeae appears to be a very heterogeneous taxon.


Sixty isolates, from nife species of the family Vibrionaceae, were tested by the API 20E, API Rapid E, and API Rapid NFT systems. Results were compared with those obtained with standard biochemicals. Included were 7 Aeromonas caviae isolates, 27 Aeromonas hydrophila isolates, 10 Aeromonas sobria isolates, 3 Plesiomonas shigelloides isolates, 3 Vibrio alginolyticus isolates, 3 Vibrio cholerae isolates, 1 Vibrio fluvialis isolate, 5 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates, and 1 Vibrio vulnificus isolate. The API 20E correctly identified all the isolates within 24 h. The API Rapid E correctly identified only 77%, misidentified 8%, and failed to identify 2% of the isolates in 4 h. The remaining 13% of the isolates gave a low selectivity identification, with one of the choices being correct. The API Rapid NFT correctly identified 87%, misidentified 5%, gave a low selectivity identification for 8% of the isolates, and in some instances, required up to 48 h of incubation. The API 20E is


The kaolinite-to-mullite reaction series was reexamined with special attention to the nature of the metaphase, the eontroversial spinel phase, and the cause of the exothermic peak at 980°C. Amorphous SiO2 forms during the exothermic reaction; it can be leached by alkali extraction. When the residual cubic phase is heated further, it forms mullite only. This result indicates that the cubic phase is an Al-Si spinel and that metakaolinite is an AI2O3-SiO2 compound. It was established that the exotherm exhibited by kaolinite at 980°C represents the sudden transformation of metakaolinite to Al-Si spinel, the crystallization of mullite, and the liberation of amorphous SiO2. The AI-Si spinel has the same composition as mullite, containing both AI(IV) and AI(VI). This spinel transforms into mullite at the second exothermic peak; no amorphous SiO2 is liberated.


Conformational analysis of the tridecamethyl ether tetra-acetates of two 'tetrameric' profisetinidin condensed tannins by nuclear Overhauser effect difference spectroscopy reveals a circular arrangement of flavanyl units with partial overlap.


This paper presents the adaptive antenna by employing the genetic algorithm in the blind direction environment. The system requires only the error signal and the phase-shifters in the discrete value to form an antenna pattern. An adaptive antenna with two elements and sixteen discrete steps of phase shifter is used. The Godard cost function is used as the cost function, which is minimized by using the genetic algorithm.


Fresh fecal samples of feral yakwere collected during summer from June to August2010 in the Helan Mountains. The results of microhistological analyses indicated that feral yak consumed 21 plant species(genera)which belongs to 13 families in summer.The favorite plantsof feral yak in summerwere Polygonum viviparum, Draba mongolica, Salixcupularis, Stipa breviflora, Cyperus fuscus, and Saussurea graminea. The main families in the summer diets of the animalswere Gramineae,Chnopodiaceae,and Cyperacea. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H′)was- 3.794, Pielou evenness index(J′)was- 1.246 and niche width index(B)was 13.581 of feral yak.Feral yak′s diets during summerwere compared with that during spring and winner.


Abstract This research begins with the problem of "What are the factors that influence the consumptive behavior of female students of class XII SMAN 1 Singkawang?" With the sub-problems in this study are (1) what are the internal factors in students to behave consumptively ?, (2) What are the external factors in students to behave consumptively? This study aims to determine the internal factors and external factors of students that influence students to consumptive behavior. The form of this research is descriptive research with qualitative approach. As for the sample data in this study are female students class XII IPS which amounted to 6 people and teachers of counseling. The age of the studied sample was 17-18 years with female gender and the method of determining the sample using purposive sampling technique. The method used in this research is descriptive method. Data were collected using interview and observation instruments. Based on the results of interviews and observations show that the dominant factors in the internal factors are personality, self-concept, and lifestyle, while the dominant factors in external factors are culture, social class, and reference groups . Keywords : Consumptive Behavior Factors


A series of novel derivatives of quinazolinone have been synthesized in one pot by reacting of substituted benzaldehyde, dimedone, urea/thiourea and formic acid at room temperature catalyzed by tetrabutylammonium prolinate (5mol%) as an efficient, environmentally benign and eco-friendly catalyst with excellent yield (82-93%), easy work up and short reaction time. The synthesized derivatives of octahydroquinazolinone-1,3,-dicarbaldehyde characterized and confirmed by 1HNMR and 13CNMR data.


The European Union (EU) allocated 48 million rands for AIDS education in South Africa. 14.2 million of these rand ($373,684) have been budgeted to fund Sarafina 2, an AIDS-education play. South African Health Minister Nkosazana Zuma is now facing and responding to calls to justify such an enormous expense. The EU denies knowing about and funding the play, while at home, the South African Democratic Party (DP) and the Pan African Congress reject Zuma's defense of the project, calling for an independent inquiry into the funding. The DP, which holds 7 of the 400 National Assembly seats, went a step further in calling for Zuma's suspension from the cabinet until the inquiry has been completed. Sarafina 2 is scheduled to tour South Africa for 12 months, playing in rural areas, towns, and cities. The troupe is comprised of 33 performers, 14 musicians, a ten-member stage crew, and ten backup staff at the monthly wage cost of 368,266 rand. The company has also purchased a 45-seat coach and a truck and trailer combination at the total cost of 1.67 million rand. Zuma stands by her commitment to the specially-commissioned play, insisting that it is being funded by the EU to reach young people before they become sexually active.


For help in preparation of this article, thanks to Tom Allen, Schlumberger Wireline & Testing, Songkhla, Thailand; Charlie Cosad, Sam Gomersall and Brian Scott, Solutions Services, Aberdeen, Scotland; Dhani Kannan and Sam Musachia, Schlumberger Wireline & Testing, Rosharon, Texas, USA; Harold Darling, Hugh Scott and Chris Stoller, Schlumberger Wireline & Testing, Sugar Land, Texas; Graham Elliot and Robert McCombie, Texaco North Sea UK Company, Aberdeen, Scotland; Brian Imrie, Schlumberger Wireline & Testing, Stavanger, Norway; Stuart Murchie, Schlumberger Wireline & Testing, Montrouge, France; Neil Legendre, Schlumberger Wireline & Testing, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Kofi Quansah, Schlumberger Wireline & Testing, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; and Don Sweet, Schlumberger Wireline & Testing, Aberdeen, Scotland.


Pless has proposed a stream cipher based on J-K flip-flops that uses 8 linear shift registers with feedback, having a combined length of 97 bits, 4 J-K flip-flops, and a 4-stage cycling counter. The cipher has 2.54×1051 initial states (keys), and generates a presumably pseudorandom stream whose period is 1.52×1029 bits. Despite these impressive statistics, it is computationally feasible to solve such a cipher with a known-plaintext attack, using as few as 15 characters.


A case with chronic continuous bleeding on an eleven year old girl with lack of F. XIII with positive family antecedents and without declarate consanguinity is presented. Analytic data are widely clear as well as parent's research which shows the heterocygosity but with doubts exposed.


This paper focuses on the situation in traffic. It describes currently used telematics systems in traffic and suggests possible extensions and improvements with using both already used technologies and concepts. Firstly it introduces Radio-HELP system that could help to decrease reaction time in case of traffic accident even during blackout and secondly there is a concept of incorporating a social GPS navigation WAZE into the warning system. Both advantages and disadvantages of this connection compared to the current system are discussed in the paper. Results of a targeted survey are presented in the last part of the paper. The survey is aimed to find out how potential users perceive the new approach and if they are afraid of a potential misuse of their data. The paper concludes that people do not consider eCall and other telematics systems as sufficiently safe from personal data leaks. There are some more detailed findings too.


Maeng-lak-kha or wild spikenard Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. in the Lamiaceae (Labiatae) family] is a seasonal herb of up to 30-150 cm in height growing in open space and deserted roadside areas in every region of Thailand. According to Thai indigenous medicine, the whole plant is used as an antispasmodic poultice; its leaves and shoot tops are used as antiepileptic and antirheumatic agents, while its roots are used for excreting menstruation or for chewing to eliminate the mouth odor. The plant has been reportedly used as carminative, antibacterial, diaphoretic and lactogogue medicines. The pharmacological activities of the plant's aqueous extract have been reported as immune stimulant, antibacterial against Salmonella , and antiviral against flu virus and HIV. Since there has been no chemical study on such an aqueous extract, it is worthwhile to study the quality control of the aqueous extract to further develop as herbal health products. Two types of aqueous extract were prepared from 15 herb samples collected from natural areas using the freeze-drying and spray-drying methods. Both types of extract were studied for their chemical identification and quality evaluation using extractive values, moisture content, and pH values. The chemical qualities of both freeze-dried and spray-dried extracts were shown as follows: the percentages of water-soluble extractive, 95% ethanol-soluble extractive, and moisture content were 87.82±1.75, 88.15±2.52; 18.64±4.58, 27.97±8.90; 7.86±1.79, 6.47±1.35 %w/w, respectively, while the pH values of the extracts in the 1.0%w/v solution in water were 5.60±0.33 and 5.55±0.27, respectively. Additionally, the TLC chromatograms of both extracts showed the compounds corresponding to 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid, rosmarinic acid and caffeic acid standards. The results are useful for chemical quality control of maeng-lak-kha aqueous extracts.


Diffractive optical elements have already demonstrated their ability to replace bulky refractive optical elements. In this presentation, I will discuss the uses of metasurface optical elements in biomedical imaging, specifically two optical sectioning microscopy modalities.


The ability of synthetic Boehmite to remove and adsorb phosphate ions from two kinds of soy sauce was investigated, Boehmite was added to soy sauce samples and the cencentration of phosphate ions and other substances in the fi1trates was measured after filtration. The Boehmite adsorbed phosphate ions eenciently, this ability increased with the volume of Boehmite and treatment time. The aluminum ions and sulfate ions in both soy sauce samples increased slightly after this treatment but the total nitrogen and sodium chloride did not change. [[he that sauce was enly slightly acidic. In addition, the mechanism of Beehmite on the removal ef phosphate ions involves not only physical adsorption also the ien exchange effects of the Boehmite. a smal1 amount ef sulfate impurity in the Boehmite exchanged phosphate and dissolved in the soy sauce. These results indicate that synthetic Boehmite is a usefu1 substance for removing phosphate ions soy


In this paper a model of textual events composed of a mixture of semantic stereotypes and factual information is proposed. A method is introduced that enables distinguishing automatically semantic prototypes of a general nature describing general categories of events from factual elements specific to a given event. Next, this paper presents the results of an experiment of unsupervised topic extraction performed on documents from a large-scale corpus with an additional temporal structure. This experiment was realized as a comparison of the nature of information provided by Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Vector Space modelling based on Log-Entropy weights. The impact of using different time windows of the corpus on the results of topic modelling is presented. Finally, a discussion is suggested on the issue if unsupervised topic modelling may reflect deeper semantic information, such as elements describing a given event or its causes and results, and discern it from pure factual data.


The process of drug discovery, design, and development often designated as 3Ds has played enormous role in modern era. The present research investigation includes in silico exploration of possible pharmacological potentials of bromophenol compounds by the aid of Schrodinger Maestro 9.1 software against six pharmacotherapeutic targets; Dipeptidyl peptidase (anti-diabetic), Angiotensin-1-Converting Enzyme (anti-hypertensive), Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-5 (anti-cancer), Protein kinase C (anti-cancer), Lipoxygenase-5 (anti-inflammatory), and Cycloxygenase-2 (anti-inflammatory). The docking scores, referred to as Glide Scores were reported for each ligand against specific drug targets and from this study, a conclusion was drawn for their future applications. The IFD results were impressive with low Glide Score due to interaction with the amino acid residues of the active site through the formation of strong hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, and Van der Waals forces via hydroxyl group and oxygen-atom. The validated in silico study furthermore will definitely open innovative avenues of pharmacological research in the rational development of dual inhibitors and multi-targeted ligands. This approach for the endless search of natural products towards new biological activities will open doors for the academicians, modern scientists, and researchers and also provide better perspectives for pharmacotherapeutics. Keywords: Bromophenol, Molecular docking, In silico, Therapeutic target, Multi-targeted, Inhibitors Cite this Article Tomy Muringayil Joseph, Debarshi Kar Mahapatra. Multifarious Pharmacother apeutic Perspectives of Some Natural Bromophenol Compounds: In silico Enzyme Inhibitory Potentials. Research & Reviews: A Journal of Drug Design & Discovery . 2019; 6(2): 24–29p.


Composite insulators have been widely used in high voltage transmission lines more than 20 years in China due to their hydrophobic properties, relatively low weight and maintenance costs, and high mechanical strength. Shed configuration is a key factor that influences flashover voltage of composite insulators under icing conditions. In order to study the effect of shed configuration on the flashover performance of composite insulators under icing conditions, the electrical performance of five types of 330-kV composite insulators with different shed designs were compared under artificial icing conditions. Experiments were carried out in the multi-function climate chamber in Chongqing University. In order to explain the influence of shed configuration, electric field and potential distributions along each insulator type were calculated numerically using the finite element method (FEM). The numerical simulation results were found to be in agreement with the laboratory experimental ones.


This paper takes the Hui's genealogy of Zhao Tong,Yun Nan as Example,explains Hui family tree from three Principles of ethnic origin,clan rule and human ethic.The author argues that ethnic origin,clan rule,human ethic are the key elements of Hui family tree,and are the fundamental dimension of dividing ethnic boundary,even more are the identical symbol of Hui family community.We can understand the isomorphous relationship among clan identity,ethnic identity and national identity from genealogies.


Abstract I argue that legitimacy discourses serve a gatekeeping function. They give practitioners telic standards for riding herd on social practices, ensuring that minimally acceptable versions of the practice are implemented. Such a function is a necessary part of implementing formalized social practices, especially including law. This gatekeeping account shows that political philosophers have misunderstood legitimacy. It is not secondary to justice and only necessary because we cannot agree about justice; instead, it is a necessary feature of actual human social practices, which must be implemented via practitioners' discretion in changing contexts.


Objective To search for a short internation peptide specifically combined with CHO cells for the purpose to establish a base of designing a peptide drug to inhibit CD59 on tumor sneaking through. Methods Taking CHO cells of high-expressing CD59 as a target,a five-round affinity screening was done randomly for peptide library 12.After competitive test,positive phage clones were selected by ELISA and subsequently underwent DNA sequencing. Results Six out of 10 selected phage clones possessed the high affinity to CD59.After DNA sequencing,two pieces of short peptides highly homogeneous to CD59 were obtained. Conclusion This study might provide the reference for the design of a drug similar to the short peptide of CD59 on tumor sneaking through by obtaining the sequence of the internation peptide.


The ambient noise field in shallow water is contributed to by many noise sources and it is also influenced by environment boundaries. The ambient noise field strongly depends on the properties of the seabed, so it is often used for undertaking geoacoustic inversion. Geoacoustic inversion is performed using either vertical coherence or directionality, as these are relatively stable features of noise and are largely determined by the seabed. Certain parameters of the seabed, such as the sound speed, density and attenuation are usually the focus in this field of research. However, an additional parameter, namely the thickness of the sediment, also has a significant effect on the ambient noise field. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of sediment thickness on the ambient noise field in shallow water. In the first step, a model is constructed, with the shallow water divided into three layers - water, sediment and elastic seabed. The vertical coherence is obtained from the ambient noise model which is based on normal mode theory. Once the model is completed, simulations are performed on two key aspects in order to determine how sediment thickness influences vertical coherence. In the first simulation, all parameters except for the sediment thickness are kept constant. The result from the first simulation shows that the coherence curve becomes increasingly flat with the increase of sediment thickness. In the second simulation, four thicknesses are chosen, 0.5m, 1m, 2m, 10m respectively. For each thickness, four vertical coherence curves for different sound speeds and attenuation are plotted in the same figure. By comparing these four figures, it is seen that the vertical coherence becomes less sensitive to the parameters in the seabed with the increase of sediment thickness. Once the sediment thickness exceeds 1m, the curve remains nearly unchanged with changes in the shear wave speed and attenuation in the seabed. However, the vertical coherence is still sensitive to the compressional wave speed. Therefore, the thickness of sediment plays an important role in geoacoustic inversion. When the sediment is deep enough, the vertical coherence can only be used to undertake inversion on compressional wave speed rather than on other parameters.


This paper presents a practical method for managing and predicting the yield of VLSI products, in a manner that will provide insight, with a minimum of mathematical complexity, into the sensitivity of the yield to the different quantities which limit it. The yield equation is cast into a form which makes evident the contributions of its constituent terms and the formulation is developed in a manner that permits its ready application to yield characterization, diagnostics and prediction. An illustrative example is presented that integrates the concepts and methods developed.


In [G. Garcia-Calderon, J. L. Mateos, and M. Moshinsky, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 337 (1995)], the time evolution of the quantum decay of a state initially located within an interaction region of finite range was investigated. In particular, it was shown that the survival and nonescape probabilities behave differently at very large times. The purpose of this Comment is to show that they have the same asymptotic behavior.


The paper explores the relevance of concepts of the sublime and the picturesque to the contemporary practice of landscape architecture in the UK.


I study both local and global Nash equilibria of a model of three-candidate unidimensional spatial competition. In the model, candidates may have different non-policy characteristics (valence). Generalizing the base model studied in Evrenk (2009a;b) the model allows for an asymmetric voter density as well as plurality-maximizing candidates. Unlike the standard Hotelling-Downs model of multi-candidate competition, under an asymmetric density with (heterogenous) vote-maximizing candidates a pure strategy Nash equilibrium (PSNE) exists. Further, this PSNE is free from several non-plausible features of PSNE under a symmetric density. When candidates are plurality-maximizers, some of the PSNE are supported by paradoxical candidate behavior. Further, when voter density is asymmetric and candidates are plurality-maximizers, there are several non-monotonicities in the PSNE.


Context. The A Bootis stars are a chemically peculiar subgroup of main sequence A/F stars. Several of these fall into the instability strip of the δ Scuti stars and the whole spectroscopic group shows a high incidence of pulsational variability. Aims. We investigated the pulsational behaviour of the A Bootis star 15 And (HD 221756) to determine as many intrinsic mode frequencies as possible for asteroseismic applications. Methods. The star was included as a secondary target for three telescopes during a campaign devoted to the β Cep stars 12 and 16 Lac, due to its proximity to these targets. 302.8 h of time-resolved photometry spanning 161.2 d were acquired and analyzed. Results. Our frequency analysis revealed f 1 = 24.7887(2) c/d as the main pulsation frequency, with an amplitude of only 1.9(1) mmag. The residual periodogram suggests the presence of additional frequencies in an interval from 20 to 25 c/d, with very low amplitudes. We succeeded in detecting a second frequency f2 = 22.2580(9) with an amplitude of 0.6(1) mmag. Low-frequency light variations of the comparison star HD 220575 were revealed as well. Conclusions. The pulsational behaviour of 15 And as a typical A Boo-type star is compared with that of δ Scuti stars with normal abundances and with metallic-line 6 Scuti stars. We discuss the value of A Boo stars in understanding accretion and mixing in pulsating stars. The difficulties in the selection of reliable comparison stars for such high-precision research are pointed out.


Micropsalliota embraces approximately 70 species which are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. In this study, two new species named Micropsalliota albella and M. purpureobrunneola are introduced from northern Thailand. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS and LSU data shows their placement in Micropsalliota in two distinct lineages. Micropsalliota albella is characterized by the white, tiny basidiomes and utriform cheilocystidia. Micropsalliota purpureobrunneola is characterized by the pileus finely covered with purple to brownish-purple scales, oblong basidiospores and narrowly clavate cheilocystidia. Descriptions, colour photographs and illustrations of both new species are presented.


The poorly prognosis of colorectal carcinoma is correlated with micrometastasis closely, but the clinical detection of micrometastasis has not taken people's enough atfention. Some of investigative methods are recommended to detect micrometastasis for patients with colorectal carcinoma, which are demonstrated the clinical significance of accurate staging, evaluate prognosis and correct therapeusis. Some of the frequently used methods include serial section, immunohistochamistry, cell culture, radio-immunity directed technique, enzyme imunoassay, immunofluorescence technique, flow cytometry, polymerase chain reaction, immunomagnetic separation, radiotrace technique, etc.


We sought to assess the prognostic utility of 11C‐choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) undergoing primary docetaxel chemotherapy.


Aim To evaluate the effect of early endoscopy for elder patients with acute biliary pancreatitis.Methods 56 elder patient with acute biliary pancreatitis underwent early endoscopy,and another 54 elder patients with acute biliary pancreatitis were treated conservatively.The clinical therapeutic effects were observed and the data we treated with statistics between two groups.Results Elder patients with early endoscopic treatment have 98.2% of success in operation,and no ERCP related severe complication or death.The hours in the disappearance of abdominal pain,the decrease of serum amylase levels,the time of the disappearance of jaundice,the days of the hospitalization,and the aggravation and rate of complication were significantly shorter in the early endoscopic group than in the control group.The difference in the disappearance time of abdominal pain,the decrease of serum amylase levels,and the disappearance time of jaundic between two groups has no statistical significance.Conclusion Early endoscopic treatment can degrade the acute biliary pancreatitis' elder patients case fatality rate and complication,and it conduces to patients convalescence early and has a shortenet length of stay.We can conduct endoprosthesis purely in biliary tract for those elder patients with acute biliary pancreatitis but operation time intolerance and difficulty in calculus removed.


The i.r. spectra of dilute solutions of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) have been studied in the >CO stretching region using a range of pure and binary mixed solvents in which the 'probe' amide concentration was kept as low as possible. Shifts of the 13C carbonyl resonance [Δv(13C)] were measured under identical conditions. A linear relationship between vmax(i.r.) and Δv(13C) exists for most pure solvents. For solvents in which two i.r. bands were observed, the correlation was obeyed when the weighted mean of these i.r. bands was used. For mixed protic–aprotic solvents the i.r. spectra displayed two discrete bands. By studying the complete mole-fraction range it was possible to assign specific bands to specific hydrogen-bonded amide units. Bulk water forms two hydrogen bonds to the carbonyl oxygen atom and addition of basic aprotic solvents such as dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) resulted in the sequential loss of these water molecules together with relatively minor shifts for the di- and mono-solvate bands. Using weighted averages of the mixed-solvent spectra together with the i.r.–n.m.r. correlation the 13C shifts for the mixed-solvent system water-cyanomethane over the whole mole-fraction range have been interpreted. For alcohol solvents two i.r. bands were detected, assigned to mono- and di-solvates on the basis of mixed-solvent studies. The frequencies for these bands are close to those for the mono- and di-hydrate bands, suggesting that the strengths of the corresponding hydrogen bonds are comparable. These results are compared with those from our previous study of the CO stretch and 13C(O) n.m.r. spectra for acetone. There is a linear correlation, but the shifts for both functions are greater for the amides. Bands assigned to individual solvates shift to low frequencies as the concentration of protic solvent increases. Limiting shifts, estimated for the units amide–––HOH–––B, where B is a basic solvent, are a function of the hydrogen-bond basicity of B, being at high frequencies for strong bases and low frequencies for weak bases. This is explained in terms of an 'anti-cooperativity' effect for water. Measurements of 2v(OH) and 3v(OH) for HOD in D2O on the addition of these amides showed a fall in intensity in the band assigned to (OH)free groups. By comparing this fall with that induced by triethylphosphine oxide (solvation number 3) we obtain a solvation number close to 2 for aqueous amides, in good agreement with the CO stretch and n.m.r. studies. These combined results strongly support the concept of dibonding to oxygen rather than bonding at oxygen and nitrogen, as has been recently suggested for matrix-isolated systems.


To gain a full appreciation of the present, it is often useful to review and consider what transpired in the past. This paper briefly examines one aspect of horticultural history: vegetable gardening in the United States before 1900. The 1st part will concern the home kitchen garden; the 2nd will deal with the development of commercial vegetable growing.


Keeble, N.H., ed. The Cambridge Companion to Writing of the English Revolution. (Cambridge Companions to Literature) Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2001. xxii + 296 pp. illus, index. $59.95 (cl), $21.95 (pbk). ISBN: 0-521-64252-3 (cl), 0-521-64522-0 (pbk). National Gallery of Art, Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts. Center 21: Record of Activities and Research Reports, June 2000 May 2001. Washington: Trustees of the National Gallery of Art, 2001. 192 pp. illus, index, n.p. ISBN: n.a.


In this study we conducted experiments to prove the effectiveness of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa fruit juice as hepatoprotective agent in rats fed with high fat high cholesterol diet (HFHCD). The experiments were carried out using male albino rats which were fed with HFHCD for 15 days and at the same time orally supplemented with R. tomentosa fruit juice (RTFJ) in doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg bw daily for 15 days. Simvastatin is used as a positive control. At the end of the experiment, the liver function markers in serum, AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) were determined as well as the histopathological image of the liver. Results of the experiments showed that HFHCD significantly induced hepatotoxicity showed by increase of sAST and sALT level. Supplementation of RTFJ significantly prevent the increase of sAST and sALT levels and maintained healthy histopathological image of liver tissue in rats fed with HFHCD, reduce fat accumulation and balloning hepatocytes as seen in untreated rats. From the results we concluded that R. tomentosa fruit juice possess significant hepatoprotective activity in rats fed with high fat high cholesterol diet, and therefore could be develop further as functional food to prevent hepatic diseases due to high fat high cholesterol diet.


In this study, great soil groups, erosion classes and land capability classes of Tokat province were digitized and analyzed by using geographic information systems (GIS). Settlements, bare rocky areas and water surfaces like reservoirs or lakes were excluded from the evaluation. According to the spatial analysis results of resulting digital maps in GIS, 10 great soil groups were recognized across the province. From small to large cover areas, these were determined as (1) hydromorphic, (2) reddish-brown, (3) gray-brown podsolic, (4) brown, (5) colluvial, (6) reddish-chestnut, (7) alluvial, (8) chestnut (maroon), (9) non-calcerous brown forest, (10) brown great soil groups. The study showed that there is no wind erosion in Tokat province. However, 4 water erosion classes including (1) no or little erosion, (2) medium erosion, (3) severe erosion, and (4) very severe erosion classes were determined. Finally, land capability classes of Tokat province were determined between I and VIII. Across the province, no area was determined in V class. The largest areas (54.61 %) in the province were determined in VII class. In descending order, VI (% 13.02), III (% 8.81), I (% 7.27), IV (% 6.97), II (%5.90) and VIII (% 0.73) land capability classes followed each other.


Introduction: Medication and nutritional adherence include accurate consumption of medication and following the diet according to the recommendations provided by healthcare personnel, which leads to maintaining and promoting the health of the elderly. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of teach-back self-management training on medication and nutritional adherence of the elderly with type 2 diabetes in the selected comprehensive health service centers in Mashhad, Iran.
Method: This experimental study was conducted on 104 type 2 diabetic patients who were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, self-management training was provided by return training method, and in the control group, routine training was provided. To collect data, the Moriski medication adherence questionnaire and the Midas dietry compliance questionnaire were completed before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 20), and Chi-square, Fisher, independent t-test, and paired t-test.
Results: Based on the findings of the present research, the mean scores of the medication and nutritional adherence in the two groups before the intervention were not significantly different (P<0.05). However, after the intervention, medication and nutritional adherence of the intervention group was significantly increased compared to the control group (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The use of teach-back self-management training is suggested as an effective method in increasing medication and nutritional adherence of the elderly with type 2 diabetes


Abstract Background Only one jewel beetle, Chrysodema (Marcsikiella) dalmanni (Eschscholtz) (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) has hitherto been recorded from Iejima Is. in the Okinawa Isls., Ryukyus, south-western Japan. New information A total of seven jewel beetles were collected on Iejima Is. The following six species are newly recorded from the island: 1) Paratrachys princeps chujoi Kurosawa, 2) Chrysodema (Chrysodema) lewisii Saunders, 3) Chalcophora japonica oshimana Schönfeldt, 4) Coraebus hastanus Gory and Laporte, 5) Sambus quadricolor quadricolor Saunders and 6) Agrilus okinawensis shiozakii Tôyama.


The heat conduction problem for a cylindrical ring reactor of finite length, filled with biomass, which is transported at a constant speed by means of a rotating screw, is considered. The screw is assumed to be mounted on a circular shaft and is inductively heated by the Joule–Lenz effect. The surfaces of the channel and the shaft are thermally insulated. At the entrance and exit of the channel, boundary conditions of the third kind are formulated. The surface of the screw is replaced by uniformly distributed point heat sources. The problem is solved using the decomposition of the investigated temperature into Fourier–Bessel series over space variables and the integral Laplace transform over time. It is shown that the temperature has a quasi-stationary character with a short-term transient process. A numerical analysis of the spatio-temporal structure of temperature and its relationship with the thermophysical, kinematic and geometric parameters of the screw and biomass was carried out. In particular, it was found that the temperature along the reactor increases almost linearly starting from 400 K. It is shown that as in the case of an infinitely long channel, the condition of space–time resonance of the temperature field is fulfilled here.


According to the new center of Anhui TV project fire protection system design,a large space intelligent fire alarm and coordinated control system is advanced in this article.Through the automatic detection of fire occurrence,early linkage control fire-fighting equipment,so as to achieve a timely fire extinguishing purposes..


In the frame of the INFN experiment REDSOX/REDSOX2 and in collaboration with Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, we are developing trapezoidal-shaped monolithic arrays of Silicon Drift Detector (SDD) cells for low energy X-ray fluorescence (XRF) experiments. The shape of the individual SDD cell must be carefully selected in order to find the optimal compromise between spectroscopic performance and the number of SDD cells. We conducted an experimental campaign with a pulsed IR laser in order to map in detail the transport properties inside square SDD cells (3.1 mm side) and inside triangular SDD cells (3.1 mm side). The main parameters investigated are i) collected amplitude, ii) drift time and iii) the rise time at the charge-sensing preamplifier output. The collected experimental data are a precious guide for the optimization of the final detector prototype.


Comparative analysis of airborne bacterial load in the rural and urban indoor and outdoor environment is of utmost importance to evaluate the wellbeing hazards linked with co3ntamination of airborne bacteria in the indoor environment. The present study was conducted during December, 2020 to March, 2021 among 50 randomly selected rural and urban (Adupurajagir and Gwalior, respectively) dwellings to determine the indoor and outdoor bacterial load. The mean load of 562.35 CFU/m3 airborne bacteria was recorded in the indoor environment of a modular kitchen in Gwalior city. The mean load of 2593.75 CFU/m3 bacteria was recorded in the indoor environment of the traditional kitchen in Adupurajagir village. In addition, bacterial load of respectively 1215.13 CFU/m3 and 783.03 CFU/m3 was calculated in the open space at both study sites. Based on morphological characteristics five bacterial species (spp.) were identified Staphylococcus aureus spp, Bacillus spp, Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp, E-coli spp, and Micrococcus spp. By gram staining method the most common bacteria were gram-positive (+ve) [n=85, 54.48% (37.17% cocci, 17.94% bacilli)] followed by gram-negative (-ve) [n=71, 45.51% (23.07% cocci, 21.79% bacilli)] identified. Pearson's correlation coefficient was employed between bacterial load and physical factors of the indoor environment in the rural traditional kitchen. Bacterial load (CFU/m3) showed a significant correlation with temperature (p < 0.001). However, a non-significant correlation was recorded with relative humidity (p > 0.01). High bacterial load was found in the rural traditional kitchen's indoor environment compared to urban modular kitchen. Outcomes from this study revealed that bioaerosol sampling could deliver fruitful knowledge about the variation of air quality and prevent possible hospital admissions.


Cooling is very important for a high power combiner. This paper presents a thermal analysis on the cooling of cavity for power combiners. In this study, we concentrate on the influence from heat sink, cover of the cavity and the gaps between cavity and heat sink. At last the simulation result shows that aluminum box with copper plated on its outer surface can significantly reduce the maximum temperature of the cavity, which will improve the cooling of the power combiner.


Grosskopf abomasal fundic pouch was fitted on 10 adult crossbred karakul rams to determine the effect of different doses of pentagastrin on the volume and composition of abomasal secretion during starvation and feeding. 1M injection of pentagastrin @ 2, 4, 8, and 12 mg/kg during starvation caused significant increase in abomasal secretion, total acidity and concentrations of potassium and chloride, but decreased the pH level and sodium concentration of the juice. Administration of pentagastrin during free access to hay showed altogether different pattern, as there was significant decrease in the volume of secretion, total acidity, potassium and chloride concentrations and an increase in pH and sodium concentration compared to control level. Comparison of maximum quantitative values at different dose levels in feeding and starvation revealed that feeding, starvation and/or administration of different doses of pentagastrin had marked effect on different parameters.


A coherent electromagnetic model developed for estimating the radar backscatter from rice crops is presented. This model is based on the first order solution of the polarimetric backscatter response as a function of the sensor parameters and the physical description of the rice plants. This paper presents a comparison between simulations obtained by the model and experimental data collected at the European Microwave Signature Laboratory (EMSL). This laboratory is currently carrying out several campaigns of measurements over different growing stages of a rice crop sample. For the first stage of growing, simulated and measured backscattering coefficients, at HH, HV and VV channels, show a reasonable agreement. The sensitivity and dependence of the radar signal with respect to the input parameters (incidence angle, frequency and morphological characteristics of the rice plants) has been studied in order to achieve a future parameter inversion. The final aim of this work is to establish a reliable inverse algorithm to retrieve biophysical parameters of rice crops from radar measurements.


: This year, with the continuous improvement of China's subway system, serious corrosion problems of metal buried pipelines laid along the subway have attracted social attention. In order to discuss the corrosion mechanism, this paper briefly describes the corrosion status and characteristics of the subway stray current on the buried metal pipes, and introduces the characteristics of the subway stray current on the buried metal pipes, such as fast corrosion speed, large strength and wide influence range. The corresponding corrosion mechanism is summarized, and the detection and protection methods of stray current at home and abroad are introduced. Including pipe to ground potential test, soil potential gradient test, test piece method or polarization probe method test, current probe method test, intelligent stray current detector (SCM) test, corrosion inspection piece test, etc. The protection method of "giving priority to plugging, taking drainage as auxiliary, combining plugging with drainage, and strengthening monitoring" is proposed.


The elderly population are an "at-risk" group for under-nutrition which is associated with longer duration in hospitalised care as well as increased prevalence of morbidity and mortality. Identifying food consumption patterns and the contribution of the main food groups to nutritional status is essential to identify those at risk of underor over-nutrition. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of consumption of the major food groups in two groups of elderly Irish subjects, who participated in the ELDERMET project, and to explore their compliance with the recently revised Irish food based dietary recommendations. Subjects were recruited from rehabilitation wards (n 62; aged 65–93 y) and out-patient clinics (n 45; aged 67–92 y) in two Southern region hospitals. Dietary data was collected using a validated semi-quantitative, food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Daily food group consumption was estimated and compared to Irish food-based dietary guidelines. Over 82% of rehab and out-patient subjects complied with the recommended number of servings for breads, cereals and potatoes. In addition, both groups consumed adequate fruit and vegetables (see Table) with 51.6% of rehab and 53.3% of out-patient subjects meeting recommendations to consume 5+ servings per day. However, poor compliance was evident for dairy-rich foods with only 14.5% of rehab and 4.4% of out-patient subjects meeting recommendations. Compliance with recommendations for low-nutrient dense foods, high in fat and/or sugar for rehab and out-patients was also particularly low in both groups at 6.5% and 13.3%, respectively. In addition, 53.2% of rehab and 66.7% of out-patient subjects were classified as overweight or obese according to Body Mass Index (BMI). This high rate of overweight and obesity is in line with general healthy population trends.


Calcium values in auditory ossicles of 45 malleus and 40 incus from normal persons and 11 malleus and 10 incus from persons suffering from otitis media were quantitatively determined by the titrimetric method with ethylendiamine tetraacetic acid using "Sunchromine Fast Blue MB" as an indicatro. The magnesium content in ossicle was previously measured colorimetrically with Titan Yellow reagent, and the bone magnesium turned out to be no obstacle to the calcicm determination.In normal ossicles, contents of calcium in malleus and incus were 27.30±1.64% (by weight) and 26.77±1.76% respectively, regardless of sex or age. The local calcium content of each ossicles was highelst in capitulum and corpus incudis, the next in collum mallei, and lowest in crus longus and manubrium mallei, as follows; capitulum 26, 70±2.50%, collum mallei 24.30±2.83%, manubrium mallei 13.50±3.58%, corpus incudis 26.90±3.12%, and crus longus 22.55±4.17%.In specimens with otitis media, the content of calcium of the auditory ossicle, especially that of the incus, was lower than that of normal ones. Thus, values of 25.81±2.02% for malleus and 23.37±2.17%for incus were obtained.


In their book on British English accents and dialects, Hughes & Trudgill (1979: 51–3) include a brief study of the South Wales variety of English, based on the speech of informants from Neath and Pontypridd. Although in the main their description rings true, it does leave some gaps and contain some inaccuracies, sufficient to prompt me to offer the following, somewhat fuller notes on the South Welsh pronunciation of English, with particular reference to the speech of my native West Glamorgan (WG). My comments relate primarily to the Port Talbot variety of WG, but since this variety is similar in most respects to those found in nearby Neath and Swansea and their surrounding areas, my remarks may, for the most part, be taken as applying to WG speech in general. The accents found in the adjoining south-western part of the county of Mid Glamorgan, in towns such as Maesteg or Porthcawl, are also similar to the Port Talbot variety, and thus share most of the characteristics attributed here to WG speech.


This work follows the previous author´s paper: Possible use of Fuzzy Logic in Database. It tries to show application of Fuzzy Logic in selecting the best anti-virus software based on testing made by AV-Comparatives.


Lentiviral modification combined with ex vivo erythroid differentiation was used to stably inhibit RhAG expression, a critical component of the Rh(rhesus) membrane complex defective in the Rhnull syndrome. The cultured red cells generated recapitulate the major alterations of native Rhnull cells regarding antigen expression, membrane deformability, and gas transport function, providing the proof of principle for their use as model of Rhnull syndrome and to investigate Rh complex biogenesis in human primary erythroid cells. Using this model, we were able to reveal for the first time that RhAG extinction alone is sufficient to explain ICAM‐4 and CD47 loss observed on native Rhnull RBCs. Together with the effects of RhAG forced expression in Rhnull progenitors, this strongly strengthens the hypothesis that RhAG is critical to Rh complex formation. The strategy is also promising for diagnosis purpose in order to overcome the supply from rare blood donors and is applicable to other erythroid defects and rare phenotypes, providing models to dissect membrane biogenesis of multicomplex proteins in erythroid cells, with potential clinical applications in transfusion medicine. Am. J. Hematol. 88:343–349, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Hemodynamic fluctuations during hemodialysis therapy may result in brain damage, such as white matter hyperintensity (WMH). Cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes occurred before the appearance of WMH. To explore changes in CBF and white matter in hemodialysis patients, patients underwent twice structural and arterial spin-labeling MRI examinations at an interval of three years. Based on the changes in CBF between the baseline and follow-up groups, the hemodialysis patients were divided into two subgroups, increased CBF group and decreased CBF group. Our results showed that patients undergoing hemodialysis exhibited increased cerebral watershed white matter hyperintensities, deep WMH, and periventricular. Among HC, hemodialysis baseline, and follow-up patients, the CBF of gray matter, white matter, and whole matter showed no obvious differences. The CBF of patients with decreased CBF was higher than that of HC at baseline and lower than that of HC at follow-up. Compared with the increased CBF group, obvious development of deep WMH was found in the decreased CBF group for the gray matter, white matter, and whole matter. Therefore, WMH in hemodialysis patients were distributed in the deep white matter, periventricular white matter and cerebral watershed (CW), and progressed with the extension of hemodialysis duration. CBF in hemodialysis patients could manifest as both increased and decreased, and WMH in patients with decreased CBF developed severely with prolongation of hemodialysis duration.


Pansharpening aims at integrating a high-spatial-resolution panchromatic (PAN) image with a low-spatial-resolution multispectral (MS) image to generate a high-resolution MS (HRMS) image. It is a fundamental and significant task in the field of remotely sensed images. Classic and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based algorithms have been developed, over the last decades, for pansharpening based on the spatial detail injection model. However, these algorithms have difficulties in extracting sufficient details or lack interpretability. In this letter, we present an algorithm unfolding pansharpening (AUP) for this task. In the proposed AUP, a two-step optimization model is first designed based on the spatial detail decomposition model. Then, the iteration processes induced by an optimization model are mapped to several detailed convolution (dc) blocks to solve the detail injection by a trainable neural network. Finally, the desired MS details are obtained in end-to-end manners through a decoder. The superiority of the proposed AUP is demonstrated by extensive experiments on datasets acquired by two different kinds of satellites. Each module of the AUP is interpretable, and its fused results are with fewer spectral and spatial distortions.


The idea of the limited company is based on the fact that the company constitutes an independent legal entity, whom shareholders and board of directors have a limited liability for. However, if a critical shortage of capital arises, the Swedish Companies Act stipulates that the board of directors and the shareholders can be personally liable for the company's obligations.

The general purpose of this thesis is to analyse the rules on the board of director's personal liability for critical shortage of capital, and the underlying conflict of interest behind the set of regulations, from a critical perspective.
The first question formulation in the thesis concerns the possibility for an individual director of the board to prove that negligence is not at hand and thereby be exonerated from personal liability. The organization and reporting system, a noted dissenting opinion at a board meeting, non-attendance and circumstances attributable to the creditor are all circumstances that could affect the examination of the negligence of the director of the board, according to case law and doctrine. However, the possibility to use the organization and reporting system of the board of directors to prove lack of negligence is questioned in the analysis, as the board has a far-reaching responsibility for the financial situation of the company.

Liability for directors of the board who are newly appointed or who resigns during the period of liability is the subject of the thesis' second question formulation. The examination states that the period of liability for a newly appointed director of the board could commence after a considerable amount of time. The liability for a resigned director of the board may also include obligations of the company arising after the resignation, depending on the circumstances.

The final question formulation of the thesis is aimed at the conflict of interests between the creditors and the directors of the board. The legal framework is formulated with regard to potential as well as existing creditors. The analysis finds that that a better balance between the various interest would be achieved by transforming the rules into an ordinary contractual liability.


Today it is hard to imagine an idea that would not already exist in form of a web or mobile solution. For a successful appearance of our product on the market, a good user experience is decisive. More and more developers develop products independently or in smaller agile groups, therefore knowledge of basic human perception, evaluation and usability testing methods, latest technology and modern design trends are not only important for designers of user experience, but also for software developers.
Good communication and coordination between them are crucial for efficient development and the quality of the final product.
In the diploma thesis, I describe how human perceptions work and what basic guidelines and instructions for designing computer interfaces have been developed based on its capabilities and limitations. For the development of useful interfaces, testing among users is of key importance; therefore, I define advantages, disadvantages and some tools of selected methods for product and user testing that can quickly, cheap and without much experience, increase the usability of interfaces. On the basis of modern online presentations, in the latter part, I analyze the design trends and the latest commonly used technologies.


A comprehensive review of structural design criteria and practices for noise walls is presented in this report. The review is based on noise wall design data collected from ten States: Arizona, California, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. These ten states account for more than 60 percent of the total length of noise walls built in the United States. The review of design documents from the States revealed that, while procedures and guidelines for the acoustic design of noise walls are practiced uniformly with minimum variation by State highway agencies, structural design practices vary widely from state to state. These variations stem from three factors: definition of load criteria, design methodologies, and design specifications. Currently, there are no AASHTO specifications for the structural design of noise walls. The applicable AASHTO document is entitled, "Standard Specifications for Structural Supports of Highway Signs, Luminaires, and Traffic Signals." Review and analysis of structural design methodologies indicate that, in some cases, noise walls may be overdesigned due to a conservative approach resulting from adherence to existing AASHTO wind load criteria. Comparative cost analysis of various types of noise walls indicates that substantial cost savings could be achieved by adopting less conservative criteria, such as those of UBC, or by modifying AASHTO criteria as recommended in this report. Before accepting the modified AASHTO criteria, it is recommended that a risk analysis of noise wall design be performed.


Years ago, a childhood friend and I used to take long hikes behind my house through the rock-strewn fields of Virginia's Shenandoah Valley. Like a lot of kids our age, we paused to pick up about as many rocks as we passed. My friend loved to classify his finds; he would study books about rocks and divide them into piles of sedimentary, metamorphic, and the occasional igneous. He hauled the rocks home, pasted them to pieces of cardboard he salvaged from throwaway grocery cartons, and carefully labeled each new variation he discovered. I was different. I never worried that much about classification. I liked to heft the stones in my hands, to get the feel of their shape and weight. I liked to think about where they came from, about who might have held them before me, about how many days of sunlight and shadow they had seen. Had someone hurled them here? Did they form the outer ring of some long-ago campfire? If a rock or two did make its way home with me in my pockets, I'd likely as not chuck it against a tree or a traffic sign. I liked the way it sounded when it smacked a metal sign, the way the sign's tin face danced and shimmered. Other times, I'd pound the stone with a larger rock until it broke in two. Then, I might touch its clean, cool interior to my tongue, tasting its solidity, its story, its history. I've always treated narrative that way, too. I leave to others the task of sorting stories into piles. I prefer to heft them, to taste them, to smack them against a sign and hear it twang. I've never been that keen on genre, but because I love to write and read nonfiction?a form of discourse named after something it is not?I have never been able to avoid entirely this matter of classification.


Polycarboxylic superplasticizers as one comb-type polymers were synthesized by unsaturated monomers such as containing sulfonic acid,carboxylic acid,and polyethylene oxide groups and so on.Polycarboxylic superplasticizers have low dosage,high water reducing rate and clear effect on strength rise,and were an absolute necessity to achieve high quality concrete as construction materials.Now with the development of polymer chemistry and polymer synthesis design theory,polycarboxylic superplasticizers have been the hotpot of the concrete superplasticizers.This paper reviewed the recently development of high performance polycarboxylic kinds of superplasticizers both at home and abroad.The synthesis methods and mechanism of the polycarboxylic superplasticizers were investigated.The study of polycarboxylic superplasticizers and the problems its faced were introduced.The development directions of polycarboxylic superplasticizers were also predicted.


In steel factories, the packing of steel coils is very important. When solving a practical problemof some factory, we find that all coils' heights \$h\-i\$ satisfy:\$15h\-iH13, i\$(in which \$H\$ is the height limit). For this problem, an off\|line algorithm is proposed.Practical data tests show that the algorithm is feasible in solving steel coils packing problem. Moreover, a great deal of data simulation tests show that, the algorithm is better than the two classical off\|line bin\|packing algorithms(FFD,BFD) in solving one\|dimension bin\|packing problems when all items' heights satisfy the condition (*).


practices necessarily shifts onto patients, physicians will need to use appropriate communication skills to help empower patients to change their behaviors. Finally, the task force's review pointed out the inadequacy of existing data. Either studies were completely lacking in some areas, or existing studies were nonconclusive due to improper study design. This points out a vital area of research in which family practice could make a significant difference. The task force guide can be obtained by calling 1800-638-0672 and asking for publication No. 97913-0.


Aiming at the tactical needs for covertly launching torpedoes in the future of antisubmarine warfare,and on the basis of analysis of the technological characteristics of the U.S.submarine torpedo launchers in commission and to be in commission,we sum up the tactical employment characteristics and occasions for different launch modes of the torpedo launchers,analyze the purposes of different launch modes,and offer some suggestions about the development and tactical employment of submarine torpedo launchers.


Many products, appliances and equipment is equipped with control and regulatory circuits controlling and pursuing its activities. During the integration of these elements are concentrated on the exchange boards called printed circuit boards. Printed circuit boards are processed efficiently to the basic raw materials. Aim is to devise a collective work of the laboratory processing lines for check-in process conditions her machine.


A simple circuit is described which closes a relay contact within a millisecond or so of the start of the first counter display period containing the initiating digit.