Washington's application of the collateral source rule permits recovery for medical expenses that were never incurred and have no relationship to their market value. This application is set forth in Hayes v. Wieber Enterprises, Inc., where the plaintiff sued a restaurant for injuries she sustained from falling down the restaurant's basement stairs. At trial, the plaintiff introduced evidence that her physician billed $5,800 for medical services even though he had accepted $3,300 from her health insurer as payment in full. The trial court refused to admit evidence that her physician had accepted $3,300 as payment in full because the $3,300 was from a collateral source. Accordingly, the plaintiff was allowed to recover the $1,500 "written off" by her physician. The court of appeals affirmed, holding the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it refused to admit evidence the physician had accepted $3,300 as payment in full. The court, however, did not address whether evidence the physician had accepted the $3,300 as payment in full was barred by the collateral source rule. Instead, the court relied on the physician's testimony that his $5,800 bill was reasonable and that the defendant did not present testimony the bill was unreasonable. The appellate court, therefore, having decided the case on an evidentiary issue, did not disturb the trial court's application of the collateral source rule.


People love traveling for it is a part of their wonderful life.The fact that people love traveling does not fully explain what people can obtain from it.There are various approaches for people to seek happiness and traveling is of significance to one′s life due to its values in contributing to one′s mental and physical health,cultivating the sense of aesthetics,and enhancing the understanding of both other cultures and one′s own life.


In this paper, an active transmission motion control system is proposed that appropriately regulates the speed of a generator. In conventional approaches to power electronic control, an AC/DC frequency converter is essential for the generator to be directly connected to the grid because of the generator's irregular power output. In this paper, a mechanical motion control structure is proposed, where the generator speed is regulated through a planetary gear–based transmission module with an auxiliary driving motor. When the input power to the generator is less than required, the auxiliary motor supplies assistive power and actively increases the gear ratio. Conversely, when the input power is more than required, the excess power is consumed by the motor to actively decrease the gear ratio. The generator speed is therefore kept constant at the utility grid frequency. The advantage of the proposed approach is that the generator can directly output stable AC electricity without the use of additional electronic power converters. The feasibility of the proposed approach was verified by experiments and kinematic speed analyses.


The objective of this research was to estimate and analyze energy and nutrients intake and the nutritional condition of the population in Ixhuapan and Ocozot...


Objective To probe into the effect of diet-induced obesity on reproductive capacity of SD rat. Method 60 female SD rats aged 6 weeks were fed with high-fat and high-calorie feed for 2 weeks,and then 20 obesityprone rats were selected according to their weight as the obesity group and other 20 rats were selected as the control group. The rats in the obesity group were fed with high-fat and high-calorie feed for 6 weeks to induce obesity and the rats in the control group were fed with ordinary rat feed. Before mating the body weights were measured and Lee's index was calculated,and the levels of total cholesterol( TC),triglyceride( TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol( HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol( LDL-C),leptin and estradiol( E2) in serum were determined. These female rats were mated with the male rats for one week,and the pregnancy rate and litter size were checked. Result The pregnancy rate in rats of the obesity group was significantly lower than that in the control group( P 0. 01). After the feeding for six weeks,the weight and Lee's index of the obesity group rats were significantly higher than those of the control group( P 0. 01),and the serum levels of TC,TG,LDL-C and leptin in the obesity group were significantly higher than those in the control group( P 0. 01). Conclusion The high-fat and high-calorie diet-induced rat declined in reproductive capacity,which may be related to the elevation in the serum level of leptin.


Throughout times, magic and magicians have exerted a tremendous influence, and this even in our (post)modern world (see now the contributions to Magic and Magicians in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Time, ed. Albrecht Classen, 2017; here not mentioned). Allegra Iafrate
 here presents a fourth monograph dedicated to magical objects, primarily those associated with the biblical King Solomon, especially the ring, the bottle which holds a demon, knots, and the flying carpet. She is especially interested in the reception history of those symbolic objects, both
 in antiquity and in the Middle Ages, both in western and in eastern culture, that is, above all, in the Arabic world, and also pursues the afterlife of those objects in the early modern age. Iafrate pursues not only the actual history of King Solomon and those religious objects associated
 with him, but the metaphorical objects as they made their presence felt throughout time, and this especially in literary texts and in art-historical objects.


Enhancement of heat and mass transfer and decrease of energy dissipation are great necessities of the evolution of fluid flow devices. Utilizing oscillatory or pulsatile fluid flow for periodic disturbing of velocity and thermal boundary layers is one of the methods with exciting results. Passive methods of generating oscillatory flow are preferred to active methods because of simplicity, no need for an external source of power and low cost of implementation and maintenance. Fluidic oscillators are a kind of no-moving part devices which convert steady pressurized inlet flow to oscillatory flow or pulsatile flows at exit without any need for external power. In this article, the structure and physics of conventional fluidic oscillators is explained and a comprehensive review over various aspects of their application is done. Also, numerical and experimental studies with the subject of fluidic oscillators are reviewed and existing correlations are presented. Our review shows that fluidic oscillators have great potentials in all processes that oscillatory or pulsatile flow could be effective in their enhancement.


In a recent article concerned with the development of political forms at Abeokuta during the nineteenth century I stated that the Egba were lured into a trap at Ikorodu in 1865, becoming victims of a calculated plan initiated by Lieutenant Governor Glover of Lagos .1 But as the query in the title of this present study suggests, this is a speculative view only. Nonetheless, it is a reasonably well worked out hypothesis, and the cumulative evidence appears to support the contention that the attack on the Egba was deliberately planned.


Warsaw based roaring lo-fi garage destroyers MORONS MORONS (think DWARVES, THE GERMS, THE STOOGES, GG ALLIN) have teamed up with us to give you an ...


To develop a "good" data analysis system for data deluge has become a popular research topic because many successful results show that we may be able to find out valuable information from data to make an appropriate decision. How to analyze such data has been a promising research in data mining. Data clustering is a representative research topic because its solution can be used to classify the unknown data without prior knowledge. Several recent studies attempted to use metaheuristic algorithms to solve clustering problems, and most of them provide a high-quality result. In this paper, we present a high performance clustering algorithm based on the coral reef optimization with substrate layers (CRO-SL). To reduce the computation time of the proposed algorithm, we also have it implemented on Apache Spark. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide a better clustering result than the other clustering algorithms, such as k-means algorithm, genetic k-means algorithm (GKA), and simple CRO algorithm in terms of the sum of squared errors (SSE).


Results of regular observations of about 20 Miras and semiregular variables (∘ Cet, R Leo, R Aql, U Her, χ Cyg, R Tri, and others) in 1994–1999 are presented. The monitoring includes optical spectroscopy, optical ( UBV ) and infrared ( JHKLM ) photometry, high-resolution radio spectroscopy in the 1.35-cm water-vapour maser line (on the 22-m radio telescope in Pushchino). Optical spectroscopy shows that the appearance of strong Balmer emission lines in Miras may be a rare event, and the presumed shock waves are thus weak. The H 2 O maser flux generally correlates with visual light curves of the stars with some delay Δφ = 0.1 – 0.4 P ( P is the variability period). For R Leo, R Cas, and U Aur strong flares in the Hφ line, observed in 1997–1998, were followed by corresponding outbursts of the H 2 O maser emission about 2 P later. This sequence of events is probably caused by a shock wave propagating outward in the stellar atmosphere and consecutively initiating the Hα emission and, later, the maser flare at a larger distance from the stellar surface.


Discussed the main methodological approaches preclinical Toxicological study of herbal medicines. Planning of the experiment are asked to carry out after the analysis of the normative documentation on vegetable raw materials, data on the chemical composition, method of preparation of the sample, pharmacological activity, the route of administration. Are some features of the pilot study of the toxicity of infusions, decoctions, liquid and dry extracts. It is suggested to conduct the calculation of the doses for the introduction of animals with regard to the content in the studied sample of biologically active substances in the form of a dry residue, or the number of extractive (acting) substances. The study of the toxicity of preparations containing ethanol, is recommended after dealkogolizatsii sample. Preclinical toxicology herbal remedies to minimize the risk in conducting clinical trials.


Screening for low-accumulation varieties is an effective way to reduce the cadmium (Cd) content in crops and decrease human Cd intake. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to analyze the characteristics of Cd absorption and accumulation in 24 maize varieties at maturity in farmland with different levels of Cd pollution. Cluster analysis and Pareto analysis methods were used to screen for maize varieties with low Cd absorption. In addition, the environmental threshold of Cd in farmland in the study area was estimated based on the Species Sensitivity Distribution (SSD) characteristics of different maize Cd enrichment coefficients (1/BCF). The results showed that maize in the study area was subject to varying degrees of Cd pollution, with total soil Cd content ranging from 1.81 to 2.71 mg·kg−1 at test site 1 and from 0.95 to 1.76 mg·kg−1 at test site 2. Only the Cd content of heavy metals in maize kernels at test site 2 did not exceed China's national food safety standard (GB 2762-2022, 0.1 mg·kg−1), with the Cd content of different maize varieties at test site 2 ranging from 0.008 to 0.073 mg·kg−1 and the bioconcentration factor (BCF) of maize kernels for Cd ranging from 0.004 to 0.054. According to cluster analysis and Pareto analysis, the low-Cd accumulation maize varieties suitable for local planting were identified as Yufeng 303, Nongda 372, Jingnongke 728, MC121 (Fengda Seed Industry), and Jinyu 1233. In addition, the soil Cd environmental threshold for ensuring that 95% of maize would not be polluted by Cd in soil was derived as 1.39 mg·kg−1.


This paper represents results of a theoretical work devoted to diffusion and removal of ring crevice HC's. The model consists of three major sub models: a model for prediction of time-varying composition of combustion gases, a model for the ring crevice HC's during late expansion and exhaust stroke and the last one for a simple phenomenological approach to calculate temperature variation. Flow field and HC concentrations are determined by solution of governing equations. Oil film HC's and post flame oxidation are excluded, as for the last, solution procedure enhances the period after which in cylinder oxidation ceases. A 60 × 60 variable mesh flow field is adapted for finite volume solution procedure. Results are presented at the extended limited counterparts allowed, due to the lack of common parameters adapted in different studies amongst plenty of them.Copyright © 2005 by ASME


The rate constant k1 for the reaction Cl 2P+ O3→ ClO + O2(1) has been measured over the temperature range 221–629 K. Atomic resonance absorption with a metastable Ar lamp, which emits non-reversed thermal Cl atom lines, was used to follow the pseudo first order decay of [Cl] in excess of O3. The Arrhenius expression is given as log10(k1/cm3 molecule–1 s–1)=–(10.286 ± 0.039)–[(181 ± 12)/T]. Comparisons with other recent measurements are made.


From the researching on regional geology,ore-bearing rocks,volcanic and tectonic evolution,many copper-polymetal deposits were discovered in the northern side of Altyn fault in recent years,which has laid a foundation for prospecting mineral resources in the Altyn mountains.The study shows that these metal deposits distribute in Proterozoic Hongliugou-Lapeiquan rift at the continental margin of the Tarim plate and northern side of the Kaladaban fault.The ore-bearing stratum is matevolcanics of Zhuoabulake formation of Jixian system.These volcanic rocks show some characteristics of bimodal volcanic rock.The copper-polymetal mineralization occurred during the intermittent eruption of the volcanic activity.There are obvious mineralization and alteration zone in the ore area.The isotopic composition of sulfur indicates that its source is sea water and the deposit is a massive sulfide-type deposit formed in submarine exhalation process.


In this paper,we import the principle of equivalence,define equivalence regulation of quotient set ∑*/~B,by limited of quotient set,we recognize language is the Regular language,this way such that recognize Regular language is very simple,and we also import the principle of equivalence in the state of DFA,Constructed with the equivalent of the minimum DFA,reduce the DFA the complexity of the state.


This essay is about education policy and its purpose is to analyze how Swedish political parties talk about school in a number of debate articles and replies, to see whether they agree in some aspects and if so – what these aspects are. We learn of a depoliticization of politics, where the struggle between ideologies no longer exists the way it used to. Through discourse analysis, a number of texts have been analyzed showing that it seems to be true that parties no longer struggle between ideologies, but that they instead agree widely and that they first and foremost administrate an already existing system. While the political struggle, or tension, is weak – since all parties analyzed are unanimous in several areas – but nonetheless a discursive tension still exists in the aspect of trying to undermine each other's capacity of governing the state. Everybody agrees, and everybody wants to be in power.


This experiment researched cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of IVF with different IVF time(8h,20h),medium components,cluture methods,and also researched the effect of different culture medium composition on early embryonic development.The result showed as follows.(1)20h group the cleavage rate of in vitro fertilization(78%) was better than in vitro fertilization 8 h group(76%),However,the former was not better than the latter(20.51% VS 23.68%) in blastocyst rates,but there were no significant difference between them(P0.05).(2)the cleavage rate were 76% and 74% respectively by early embryo cultrue medium IVD101 and TCM199,while the blastocyst rate were spectively 22.37% and 22.97%,TCM199 culture system was better than IVD-101.However,there were no significant difference between them(P0.05).


The growing interest in cultural encounters during recent years has thrown up a number of paradigms within which aspects of contact and representations of alterity have been studied and analysed.' This issue of The Medieval Hittoqy Journal participates in these discussions by focussing on some of the many ways in which 'difference' comes to be constituted and cultural boundaries defmed within the dynamics


whose stated subject is the evolution of annual observances in Han China, not the evolution of the Buddhist and Taoist churches. Within the given field, I wonder if Dull really believes that much more of a popular nature could be extracted from the Han sources besides what the book already contains. In point of fact, his rejection of the "Treatise" as a source on popular festivals is far too sweeping. Granted that it approaches its subject from the point of view of the court and the government, the fact nevertheless remains that more than half a dozen of its recorded observances do have popular roots, including several of paramount importance for everyday Chinese both during the Han and later. As to the reviewer's major criticism that the book lacks a unifying theme: such a theme is admittedly not the one suggested by him as being particularly appropriate—namely, the elaboration of New Text Confucianism. To have concentrated on such would have meant to slight or to ignore entirely those observances that did in fact have popular origins, and which therefore had little or nothing to do with New Text Confucianism. What the book tries to do is to trace the evolution, institutionalization, and attachment to fixed places in the Han festival calendar of a variety of annual ceremonial observances—some of them popular and ancient, others scholastic and recent—but particularly those having to do with the beginning of the year. The book goes on to examine the possible significance and continuity of these observances in later China, when some of them disappeared, others were absorbed into parallel observances, and still others retained their identity and vitality down to modern times. Of all this the review says not a word. Nor does it mention the fact that the topic has never heretofore been systematically explored.


This research paper will study about the financial performance of takaful insurance and insurance in Malaysia. The main aim of this study is to examine the financial performance of insurance as well as takaful insurance. Other than that, this paper study will also compare the financial performance between takaful and insurance in order to determine which insurance industry has a better financial performance in Malaysia. The main data collection from the annual financial reports on Prudential Assurance Malaysia Berhad and Prudential BSN Takaful Berhad in 2007 to 2009. Different financial ratio are evaluated such as return on assets, return on deposits, profit margin, assets utilization, operating efficiency ratio, interest/investment margin and finally measure the best performance between two insurance companies from 2007 to 2009. It is most important factors for performance evaluation. The graphical analysis and comparisons are applies between two companies for measurement of all types of financial ratio analysis.


Based on the wavelet package relative energy feature,the sensitivity of this feature to the interface flaws with different coat thickness was analyzed through the numerical simulation by finite element method.The results show that this wavelet package relative energy feature from the acceleration signals can reflect the interface crack location and size and the sensitivity is more obvious when the coat is thinner.


Objective: To observe the effect of treatment based on differentiation by TCM on visual display terminal syndrome.Methods: 92 patients with visual display terminal syndrome were treated based on differentiation by TCM after they were differentiated on syndrome classification.After more than 5 days of treatment the statistical data of clinical effect was obtained.Result:61 patients were cured(66.3%);20 patients were effective(21.7%).The overall efffective rat was 88%.Conclusion: The effect of treatment based on differentiation by TCM on visual display terminal syndrome was satisfactory.


The present invention addresses the problem of providing an artificial promoter which exhibits nerve activity-dependent activity and high sensitivity and has a great dynamic range, and of providing a method for identifying a nerve activity site by using said promoter. The present invention provides a DNA exhibiting nerve activity-dependent promoter activity, wherein a fragment containing the CREB binding site, the MEF2 binding site and the SRF binding site from among the synaptic activity-responsive elements (SAREs) on the promoter of an Arc/Arg3.1 gene contains a construct that is connected in tandem at least twice.


This paper presents the innovative e-learning service, ambient Learning, which aims to em- power the lifelong learners and vocational trainees. Ambient Learning provides access to high quality e- learning material at a time, place, pace and context that best suits the individual learner. To achieve this aims ambient learning utilises multimodal broadband access, and context management. Moreover, ambi- ent learning through the provision of content integration allows access to, new e-learning material as well as existing catalogues/e-learning resources.


Editor, We were very interested to read the study conducted by Hameed et al in the article "Outcomes of a COVID19 recovery program for patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection in New York City: A prospective cohort study." The contrast between a virtual outpatient rehabilitation program and a home physical therapy program for patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) demonstrated the need for close post-discharge follow-up in improving health outcomes of patients during a time of social isolation. In particular, the study elucidated the significance of evaluating health parameters using telehealth, as opposed to leaving patients unsupervised or offering no intervention at all. The results are notable as they suggest that lower limb strength and cardiopulmonary endurance can be improved significantly via a virtual outpatient rehabilitation program. The data are still limited by the timing of the study and the differences in sample sizes among treatment groups. Because the research was conducted early during the first wave of the pandemic and consisted of a disproportionate number of participants in virtual physical therapy and home physical therapy (44 vs 25), its generalizability would benefit from further exploration. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection are at risk of developing secondary pulmonary fibrosis. A 15-year follow-up from a prospective cohort study of the 2003 SARS outbreak found that ~38% had pulmonary fibrosis, evidenced by ground-glass opacities or cord-like consolidations on computed tomography scan of the chest. Zhang et al found that recovery of these lesions occurred to a greater extent in the first year and then remained stable or progressive until 2018, at the end of the 15 -year study. Although data are not yet available on the long-term impact of COVID-19, the aberrant lung remodeling and fibroproliferation associated with infection are concerning for patients developing progressive fibrotic lung disease. As an example, pulmonary rehabilitation enhances exercise capacity and improves the quality of life in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Similarly, for patients with COVID-19 who are able to attend in-person therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation may be of great benefit. For those who are not able to participate with in-person therapy, we feel optimistic that virtual outpatient programs like the program conceived of by Hameed and colleagues will increase access to essential rehabilitation and improve clinical outcomes for COVID-19 survivors. We are interested in further follow-up of this cohort and their clinical outcomes. Knowledge of the unforeseen sequelae of the COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated ongoing adaptation of how we provide care. The development of post–SARS-CoV-2 infection recovery programs is unprecedented and occurring during a time of limited resources. In a similar fashion, Steere et al utilized telemedicine as a component of their ambulatory postCOVID-19 recovery programs in Boston and New York City. Notably, there was a difference in discharge disposition patterns between the cohorts, wherein patients in Boston were more likely to be discharged to an inpatient rehabilitation facility and those in New York City were more likely to be discharged to home. The authors suggest that these findings may be due to differences in utilization of inpatient rehabilitation beds as acute care hospital beds when additional inpatient services were needed due to the surge in COVID-19 cases. Given the timing of the data collection, it would be interesting to see how the discharge disposition patterns have changed as COVID-19 case numbers have changed. These variations may demonstrate the need for readjustment in how we treat patients after acute recovery from COVID19 and thereby the ongoing adaptability of health care delivery. Furthermore, in both New York City cohorts, the majority of participating patients were identified as Hispanic. This may relate to the community health care disparities in rates of COVID-19 experienced by the Hispanic community, with a higher percentage of individuals who live in New York City compared to Boston. We appreciate the advancement of the literature base with this study demonstrating the comparable utility of virtual physical therapy. We hope that such programs continue to be explored as a way of creative and even culturally conscious health care delivery. We hope that such programs continue to be supported by institutions as well as insurance providers as part of mitigating the Received: 25 March 2021 Accepted: 14 June 2021


Cosmic-ray data taken during the period of a solar flare and the magnetic storm that followed 26.5 hours later during July, 1946, are reported. The results following the flare agree with those of other investigators and, in addition, serve to establish the fact that the start of the cosmic-ray effect and the visual part of the solar flare were simultaneous. It is pointed out that increases of cosmic rays during solar flares suggest a mode of origin of the rays. The lack of effect of most solar flares on cosmic-ray intensity is noted and differences in intensity of the flares given as a possible reason. A high altitude balloon flight with an electroscope during the magnetic storm gave results in agreement with the current-sheet hypothesis of such storms but a serious objection to this hypothesis is given.


The Chars Livelihoods Programme (CLP)'s response has been to provide a comprehensive package of support, which aims to increase resilience to disasters and build women's empowerment. In 2012, CLP developed an innovative approach to monitor women's empowerment. Understanding that empowerment is context specific, therefore CLP used qualitative approaches to understand how char households define empowerment. From this research, CLP developed a set of 10 (community and household level) indicators, which made up the chars empowerment scorecard. Results show that CLP has a considerable impact on women's empowerment. They also show that CLP has impacts at both the household and community level, driven by two main factors: increased knowledge (through social development training) and increased wealth (through CLP's Asset Transfer Project). Further, impacts on empowerment are seen to occur relatively quickly and sustain over time. The effects of climate change are only likely to further compound problems for char-dwellers. By increasing women's empowerment, CLP is confident that they will be better able to build sustainable livelihoods and increase their resilience to future disasters.


Low-dose CT lung cancer screening was most beneficial in the 60 percent of people who had the highest likelihood of dying from the disease.


Organic geochemistry is the study of the formation, changes and distribution of organic compounds in present and fossil environments and consequently a very comprehensive discipline. In order to enhance the scientific cooperation in this discipline between Sweden and other countries a symposium was held in May 2003 in Stockholm Sweden. The interactions between inorganic, organic and biological material were examined from observational, theoretical, and experimental perspectives. The aim of the symposium was to address properties and processes involving these materials as they influence the evolution and formation of the environment on Earth. Organic geochemistry is of great economic importance as it involves the formation of oil, gas and coal. It has also gathered a great interest because of the fascinating hypothesis about the origin of life and for the possibility of life on other celestial bodies of our planetary system. All organic compounds are not necessarily of biological origin. Scientists are also searching for true nonbiological compounds, which should be of direct relevance for problems relating to the origin of life and to the study of extraterrestrial material.


An exopolysaccharide (EPS) was isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum Ts and purified by size exclusion chromatography train. L. plantarum Ts showed the highest production of EPS. The purified, homogeneous EPS by HPLS analisis had an average molecular weight of 9,03.104 Da The FTIR spectrum of the EPS from L. plantarum Ts showing the functional groups in the 4,000-400 cm-1 region. TLC analysis indicated that the EPS was a heteropolymer composed of fructose, and sucrose as monomeric constituent units. The strain L. plantarum Ts and pathogenic E. coli 3398, St. aureus 745, B. subtilis 6633, S. Typhi. 3591, L. monocytogenes 863 and E. aerogenes 3691 were tested for their growth utilizing the EPS from L. plantarum Ts as the sole carbon source for its possible use as a prebiotic. L. plantarum Ts exhibited growth in the EPS supplied medium compared with glucose as carbon source, whereas the pathogenic strains did not grow in the EPS-supplied medium. In vitro evaluations showed that, like other reported polysaccharides, this EPS displayed significant prebiotics properties.


This paper introduces the Zhongxing network, Unitrans ZXMP products in series as well as their types and functions, and provides a solution for the UNICOM branch in Ningbo and the RAILCOM branch in Changsha to build up a network.


1. The Second World War and state intervention in industrial relations 1939-45 (Chris Wrigley) 2. Labour and the law: The politics of industrial relations 1945-79 (Patrick Maguire) 3. Trade union development 1945-79 (Chris Wrigley) 4. The management of labour (Howard Gospel) 5. Industrial relations and social welfare 1945-79 (Noel Whiteside) 6. Strikes in post war Britain 7. Decasualisaton and disruption: industrial relations in the docks 1945-79 (Jim Phillips) 8. The car industry 1945-79: shop stewards and workplace unionism (Dave Lyddon) 9. The road haulage industry 1945-79: from statutory regulation to contested terrain (Paul Smith).


Mobile application development has become important because there are significantly more mobile phones in use today than computers in many emerging economies. With the advent of data services, mobile phones can be employed as capable computers. Many persons have ideas regarding how a phone could simplify transactions they engage in often, but may lack the time or skill to develop such applications. Currently, there are methods to develop such mobile applications but these methods are time consuming, tedious and repetitive. To tackle these challenges code generators can be used. Code generation is a mechanism to produce computer programs in some automatic manner. This technique can enhance software development in different ways by improving developer productivity, producing complete quality code and save time spent on application development. There are currently, no code generators to create complete, useful mobile applications to the best of the authors' knowledge. This paper illustrates how development can be improved by creating a code generator that builds standalone mobile applications, database applications with a mobile interface, and also creates PHP scripts that can be used to view the data on a desktop browser.


The recent rash of Federal and state government initiated investigations of health care fraud, including those against some of the nation's largest health care providers, has heightened the health care industry's sensitivity to the liabilities associated with participation in Federal health care programs. The phenomena of a health care organization being subjected to the scrutiny of a government investigation is obviously more frequent today than at anytime in the past and includes organizations that viewed themselves as historically compliant with the Federal and state health care fraud and abuse laws. Accordingly, a response and strategy for those organizations subjected to the disruptions and dislocations associated with a government investigation, or the potential for such scrutiny and liability, is very much on the minds of providers and suppliers in the health care industry. The prospect of an organization conducting a self-evaluative internal investigation of those matters under scrutiny by the government, or those matters which come to the attention of an organization through its corporate compliance program, is a key component of any strategy of response to this heightened government scrutiny and liability for violations of the health care fraud and abuse laws. The initiation of an internal investigation of a health care organization's potential fraud and abuse matters as part of such a strategy, however, does not come without careful consideration, equally well thought-out methods and procedures, and an appreciation of the issues and pitfalls involved in this type of undertaking. There are certain obvious advantages to undertaking an internal investigation of an organization, whether it is after a government investigation has been launched or in response to an internal identification of a potential fraud and abuse matter. If the internal investigation is conducted to examine suspected wrongdoing on behalf of the organization in response to a government inquiry, the company may be able to convince authorities that the internal investigation will be conducted in a credible and objective way. This may result in the government foregoing a full-blown separate government investigation, for the time being, so that the government may review the results of the organization's internal investigation. This could mean far less disruption to the organization than if it were subjected to a direct government investigation with search warrants, subpoenas and their related disruptions to the organization's business. Another advantage of conducting your own internal investigation is that the health care organization has the ability to frame the issues and to define the scope of the investigation. Consequently, the organization may more fully explore and develop any exculpatory evidence, which the government may not pursue aggressively in its own investigation. These types of benefits flow from an internal investigation, regardless of whether the investigation is conducted in response to a government investigation or on the organization's own accord, pursuant to its compliance program. This article reviews the factors which should be taken into consideration when conducting an internal investigation of an organization related to potential violations of health care fraud and abuse laws, whether as a result of a government investigation or reported activity through an organization's compliance program, including insights and experience gained through the investigative experiences of the author.


We report studies on the electrical transport in La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) thin films of different quality. The temperature dependence of the resistivity (ρ-T) of high-quality LSMO films (ρ ≲ 10 mΩ cm) can be described by a polynomial approximation based on electron-magnon, electron-phonon, electron-electron and temperature-independent scatterings. On the other hand, the ρ-T dependence of polycrystalline LSMO films prepared under less than optimal conditions (ρ ≳ 1 Ω cm) can be described by a two-conductance-channel model. The first one is a spin-polarized tunneling between neighboring ferromagnetic grains with good contacts, while the other is implemented via a thermally-activated transport through an insulator (semiconductor) phase located mainly at the grain boundaries or between grains.


In this work we report the structural, optical and electrical properties of CdS thin films prepared by chemical bath deposition (CBD) under the effect of solution temperatures. The solution temperatures used vary between 55 and 75 °C. The XRD patterns show that the films have a hexagonal phase with a preferential (002) orientation. The structural parameters such as the grain size, dislocation density and strain are calculated. The transmission spectra, recorded in the UV visible range, reveal a high transmission coefficient (85%) of the prepared films and an optical band gap values of 2 - 2.4 eV. The electrical measurements show that the dark conductivity values increase from 10-7 to 10-4 (Ω.cm)-1 at higher temperature (Ts >; 65°C). It is found that the photoconductivity of the deposited films is two to five decades larger than the dark conductivity, and the photoconductivity to the dark conductivity ratio obtained at 3000 Lx vary from 102 to 105. From these results we inferred that the elaborated CdS thin films exhibit good properties intended for solar cell window layers.


In the context of comparative analysis of protein-protein interaction graphs, we use a graph-based formalism to detect the preservation of a given protein complex (pattern graph) in the protein-protein interaction graph (target graph) of another species with respect to (w.r.t.) orthologous proteins. We give an efficient exponential-time randomized algorithm in case the occurrence of the pattern graph in the target graph is required to be exact. For approximate occurrences, we prove a tight inapproximability results and give four approximation algorithms that deal with bounded degree graphs, small ortholog numbers, linear forests and very simple yet hard instances, respectively. Email addresses: email@example.com (Gaëlle Brevier), firstname.lastname@example.com (Romeo Rizzi), firstname.lastname@example.com (Stéphane Vialette). Preprint submitted to Elsevier Science December 3, 2007


one of the major responsibilities of the reading consultant is to provide practical and effective in-service programs for school personnel. The main thrust of the program is usually aimed at the classroom teacher although principals, subject-matter super visors, and parents must also be included. The purpose of this article is to describe briefly six types of in-service programs in reading which were conducted recently in the New Haven public schools. All received enthusiastic response from those who par ticipated in the programs.


Based on the base module of Universal Robotics, this paper deals with a 16-pole, 18-slot fractional-slot concentrated-winding permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) for articulated robot applications considering several pole-slot combinations and using an optimum design. The selected PMSM considering the pole-slot combination is optimized and compared both analytically and experimentally. The experimental results confirmed that the proposed PMSM can achieve improved performance at the rated state. Repeatability test results of the proposed smart actuator with a link-attached sphere-mounted retroreflector sensor met the goal of within  $100~\mu \text{m}$  according to a laser tracker. The analysis results are in good agreement with the experimental results within the maximum 2.5% error in terms of the efficiency. The design, analysis, and experiment with the PMSM for articulated robot applications were conducted successfully.


The cells walls of filamentous fungi in the genus Aspergillus have galactofuranose (Galf)‐containing polysaccharides and glycoconjugates, including O‐glycans, N‐glycans, fungal‐type galactomannan and glycosylinositolphosphoceramide, which are important for cell wall integrity. Here, we attempted to identify galactofuranosyltransferases that couple Galf monomers onto other wall components in Aspergillus nidulans. Using reverse‐genetic and biochemical approaches, we identified that the AN8677 gene encoded a galactofuranosyltransferase, which we called GfsA, involved in Galf antigen biosynthesis. Disruption of gfsA reduced binding of β‐Galf‐specific antibody EB‐A2 to O‐glycosylated WscA protein and galactomannoproteins. The results of an in‐vitro Galf antigen synthase assay revealed that GfsA has β1,5‐ or β1,6‐galactofuranosyltransferase activity for O‐glycans in glycoproteins, uses UDP‐d‐Galf as a sugar donor, and requires a divalent manganese cation for activity. GfsA was found to be localized at the Golgi apparatus based on cellular fractionation experiments. ΔgfsA cells exhibited an abnormal morphology characterized by poor hyphal extension, hyphal curvature and limited formation of conidia. Several gfsA orthologues were identified in members of the Pezizomycotina subphylum of Ascomycota, including the human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of a fungal β‐galactofuranosyltransferase, which was shown to be involved in Galf antigen biosynthesis of O‐glycans in the Golgi.


The emotions on pilots play important role on their performance during the service. Thus, an emotion prediction methodology based on physiological parameters such as galvanic skin response and heart rate as so as the facial recognition was considered in the present work. Several tests with eight volunteers were carried out that were used flight simulator. A small camera and the Face Reader software were used to record the users' face during the fly task and to perform the video off-line processing to extract facial emotions during performed flights. The considered emotions were: happy, sad, angry, surprised, scared and disgust. To predict these emotions, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was applied. The experiment shows that is possible to predict emotions using these data and the best predict model was reached with 2 hidden layers, having a minimum squared error of 0.219.


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Abstract It is shown that if ZF is consistent, then so is ZFC + GCH + "There is a graph with cardinality ℵ2 and chromatic number ℵ2 such that every subgraph of cardinality ≤ ℵ1, has chromatic number ≤ ℵ0". This partially answers a question of Erdös and Hajnal.


Objective To investigate the feasibility and operative key points of laparoscopic splenectomy(LS)by three-hole method.Methods LS by three-hole method was performed in 8 patients from February 2009 to July 2012,to sum up the operation time,amount of bleeding during the operation and postoperative the complications.Results Eight patients underwent LS,no case was shifted to open surgery.Their mean operation time was 140-210 minutes,and the mean amount of bleeding during the operation was 80-400 ml.The bowl began to move in the first day to the third day after the operation.The drainage tube was drew in the third day to the fourth day after the operation,no complication happened.Conclusion Base on the cautious choices of patients undergoing LS by three-hole method is safe and effective,the key point is to operate carfully,and to avoid the big amount of bleeding.


This research paper analyzes the postmodern novel Bei den Bieresch by the Austrian author Klaus Hoffer. The reception of the Russian translation of the novel is noteworthy. The reader is entrusted with the task of solving a complex text rebus puzzle while the researcher is offered an opportunity to re-address the origins of German postmodernism. The paper studies the intertextual structure of the novel as hypertext referring to literary and philosophical texts (F. Kafka, S. Beckett, M. Heidegger, J. Baudrillard etc.). The genre characteristics are studied: it is a travel novel with a distinct 'educational component'. The novel inverts the traditional model of being. Two modes of human existence – everyday life and travel – are acted out here. The daily life is portrayed as an unstable form of being: the fluidity, interconversion and discontinuity are emphasized. On the contrary, the protagonist's initiation journey has an explicit directional vector and is determined by its milestones (seven mentors). The novel reveals the mnemonics of the crazy Kafka-and-Beckett-world of absurdity and confusion. The 'cognitive journey' of the protagonist reminds of moving around a wax museum. In this memory theater, the speaking figures of the mentors broadcast to him the basic knowledge about the world in the form of tales, riddles, or puzzles. The novel problematizes the key points of postmodern culture: the split subject, the 'floating identity', self-identification, the sacred word, circulation of texts, 'empty signs' and the topos of 'vain search'. The phenomenon of 'potlatch' is seen here as one of the 'anti-structure' manifestations, which also correlates with the world of postmodernism.


Introduction: Naked History Displayed - Helen P Bruder and Tristanne J Connolly 1 'Merely a Superior Being': Blake and the Creations of Eve - Mark Crosby 2 The Last Strumpet: Harlotry and Hermaphroditism in Blake's Rahab - G A Rosso 3 Sex, Violence and the History of this World: Blake's Illustrations to the Book of Enoch - Peter Otto 4 Bridal Mysticism and 'Sifting Time': The Lost Moravian History of Blake's Family - Keri Davies 5 'A Secret Common to Our Blood': The Visionary Erotic Heritage of Blake, Thomas Butts and Mary Butts - Marsha Keith Schuchard 6 Changing the Sexual Garments: The Regeneration of Sexuality in Jerusalem - Catherine L McClenahan 7 Philoprogenitive Blake - David Fallon 8 'Seeking Flowers to Comfort Her': Queer Botany in Blake's Visions, Darwin's Loves and Wollstonecraft's Rights of Woman - Elizabeth Bernath 9 'Or Wilt Thou Go Ask the Mole?': (Con)Figuring the Feminine in Blake's Thel - Elizabeth Effinger 10 Gendering the Margins of Gray: Blake, Classical Visual Culture and the Alternative Bodies of Ann Flaxman's Book - Luisa Cale 11 The Virgil Woodcuts Out of Scale: Blake's Gigantic, Masculine Pastoral - Bethan Stevens 12 Closet Drama: Gender and Performance in Blake and Joanna Baillie - Steve Clark


The invention relates to an overrunning belt pulley and a spring piece. The spring piece comprises a supporting piece, a clamping piece and a connecting beam, wherein the connecting beam is used for connecting the supporting piece and the clamping piece; the middle part of the supporting piece is a straight section; the two ends of the straight section are connected with arc-shaped sections respectively; in addition, the arc-shaped sections at the two ends are both bent towards the same side of the straight section; and the width of the supporting piece is gradually reduced from the middle part of the supporting piece towards the two sides of the supporting piece. The overrunning belt pulley comprises a holding frame, a plurality of rolling needles and a plurality of spring pieces, wherein the holding frame is provided with a plurality of vertical beams; a window hole is formed between two adjacent vertical beams; the spring pieces are erected on the vertical beams respectively; the rolling needles are arranged in the window holes respectively; and the supporting pieces of the corresponding spring pieces are arranged in the window holes respectively and support the side surfaces of the corresponding rolling needles in the corresponding window hole. According to the overrunning belt pulley and the spring piece, known from a finite element analysis result, under the equal working condition, the stress values of each spring piece on the supporting piece and the connecting part of the connecting beam and the supporting piece are reduced, and meanwhile, the stress distribution is more reasonable relative to the structure of the traditional spring piece.


A comparison between the impulse approximation (IA) and the strong-potential Born approximation (SPB) is carried out for radiative capture of a target electron into excited bound states (REC) and into continuum states (radiative ionisation, RI) of the projectile. It is found that in the vicinity of the peak in the photon spectrum, the deviations of the SPB from the IA are small but do not disappear either for excited states or for continuum states with low momentum kappa /sub /f. The contribution of RI to the forward peak is calculated for the systems C6+ to He and Ne10+ to He, showing a strong skewness towards the high-energy side. For electrons with high kappa /sub /f, large deviations between SPB and IA indicate the breakdown of an atomic description.


A large literature suggests that people are intuitive Dualists--they consider the mind ethereal, distinct from the body. Past research also shows that Dualism emerges, in part, via learning (e.g., Barlev&Shtulman, 2021). But whether learning is sufficient to give rise to Dualism is unknown.The evidence from human learners does address this question because humans are endowed not only with general learning capacities but also with core knowledge capacities. And recent results suggest that core knowledge begets Dualism (Berent, Theodore&Valencia, 2021; Berent, 2023). To evaluate the role of learning, here, we probe for a mind-body divide in Davinci--a large language model (LLM) that is devoid of any innate core knowledge. We show that Davinci still leans towards Dualism, and that this bias increases systematically with the learner's inductive potential. Thus, davinci (a GPT-3 model) exhibits mild Dualist tendencies, whereas its descendent, text-davinci-003 (a GPT-3.5 model), shows a full-blown bias. It selectively considers thoughts (epistemic states) as disembodied--as unlikely to show up in the body (in the brain), but not in its absence (after death). While Davinci's performance is constrained by its syntactic limitations, and it differs from humans, its Dualist bias is robust. These results demonstrate that the mind-body divide is partly learnable from experience.They also show how, as LLM's are exposed to human narratives, they induce not only human knowledge but also human biases.


The use of acronyms is one of the marks of 20th century politically literate man, much as his analog of a century before might be expected to know and use enough Greek and Latin to construct (at the least) epigrams on the characters and characteristics of the day. There are a number of writers (including this editor) who delight in constructing acronyms that are at best descriptive, usually "cute," and at worst scatological. However, most acronyms develop because it is easier to use initials than the whole name for some organization or institution. This is particularly true of the field of international broadcasting, where it also is possible for confusion to develop because of the varying names for a given organization in various languages. The following list is not exhaustive, and if readers of the Journalwish to contribute additional "initials" in this field, they should send them to the Editor. Dr. Charles E. Sherman is assistant professor and Mr. F. Kim Hodgson is a graduate student in the radio‐tele...


A few in-depth presentations exploring current technical (and management/control) issues confronting Ada implementers and users. 4 distinguished Ada experts now producing and using Ada technology report their current progress.


means group B in (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e). (a) Each FA value of A and B in the right GCM, left GCM, right GCL, left GCL, right SOL, left SOL, right AT and left AT was 0.34 and 0.33, 0.34 in A and 0.33 in B, 0.36 and 0.35, 0.36 and 0.35, 0.33 and 0.32, 0.34 and 0.34, 0.37 and 0.37, 0.39 and 0.38, respectively. All FA values showed no statistically significant differences between group A and B in all eight muscles.


The Urals Seismic Experiment and Integrated Studies (URSEIS), Europrobe's Seismic Reflection Profiling in the Urals (ESRU), and reprocessed Russian reflection/refraction seismic surveys have shown the known Uralides to be bivergent, with a crustal root along the central volcanic axis of the orogen. In the Southern (URSEIS) and Middle (ESRU and Alapaev) Urals the East European Craton crust thickens eastward from ∼40 km to ∼48 km, and is imaged by sub-horizontal to east-dipping reflectivity that can be related to its Paleozoic and older evolution. The suture zone between the East European Craton and the accreted terranes, the Main Uralian fault, is poorly imaged in the URSEIS section, but in the ESRU and Alapaev sections it is imaged as an abrupt change from a zone of east-dipping reflectivity that extends from the surface into the middle crust. East of the Main Uralian fault, the Magnitogorsk (Southern Urals) and the Tagil (Middle Urals) volcanic arcs display moderate to weak upper crustal reflectivity, and diffuse middle to lower crust reflectivity. The Moho beneath both arc complexes is poorly imaged in the reflection data, but based on refraction data is interpreted to be at 50 to 55 km depth. East of the arc complexes, the Uralide structural architecture is dominated by a wide zone of anastomosing strike-slip faulting into which numerous syntectonic Late Carboniferous and Permian granitoids intruded. This area is imaged in the seismic sections as clouds of diffuse reflectivity interspersed with, or cut by sharp, predominantly west-dipping reflections. In the Southern and Middle Urals, west-dipping reflectivity of the Trans-Uralian zone extends from the middle crust into the lower crust where it appears to mergz with the Moho. The boundaries and internal faults of the strike-slip fault system are well marked by magnetic anomalies, allowing them to be correlated between the seismic sections.


—The third annual meeting of the Conference of State Medical Examining and Licensing Boards will be held in Milwaukee, Wis., June 7, 1893. The following subjects will be discussed, and we will be glad to have you notify us of your intention to prepare a paper on some one of them, and take part in the discussion of any or all of them. We will also be glad to have you suggest, in advance of the meeting, other subjects you may think it desirable to discuss. The Evolution of State Medical Examining and Licensing Boards. Their present and prospective influence in elevating the moral and intellectual tone of the profession. Composition of Boards. The desirable number of members. The desirable appointing power. The advantages and disadvantages of separate boards representing the different schools of practice. Provisions of the Various State Laws. Should the possession of a diploma from a


This work for the first time reports engineered oxygen-deficient, blue TiO2 nanocrystals with coexposed {101}-{001} facets (TiO2–x{001}-{101}) to enhance CO2 photoreduction under visible light. The TiO2–x{001}-{101} material demonstrated a relatively high quantum yield (0.31% under UV–vis light and 0.134% under visible light) for CO2 reduction to CO by water vapor and more than 4 times higher visible light activity in comparison with TiO2 with a single {001} plane or {101} plane and TiO2(P25). Possible reasons are the exposure of more active sites (e.g., undercoordinated Ti atoms and oxygen vacancies), the facilitated electron transfer between {001} and {101} planes, and the formation of a new energy state (Ti3+) within the TiO2 band gap to extend the visible light response. An in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) study was applied to understand the roles of coexposed {001}-{101} facets and Ti3+ sites in activating surface intermediates. The in situ DRIFTS analysis ...


, TDC) by Koepf in 1979, the study of antitumor properties of metallocene complexes is one of the most active subjects after that of cisplatin in this field. Being highly active against a


Learning to write the new humanistic script can surely be taken as a sign of humanistic interests' in the fifteenth century. This is the conclusion of the compilers of a catalogue entitled Duke Humfrey and English Humanism in the Fifteenth Century which was produced in conjunction with an exhibition held in the Bodleian library, Oxford in 1970. As long as our interests are confined to the small circle of English humanists in this period who are known by name this statement may not lead us on to reflection or comment since its truth is self-evident. The situation is altered, however, and the words quoted above assume a new meaning and suggest a new line of approach in the light of an unexpected encounter with anonymous attempts to imitate the script in the unusual setting of a monastic letter–book or register.


This article examines the relationship between football (soccer) and the military in Britain to explore how "invisible nationalism" has evolved. Here, invisible nationalism refers to the phenomena by which the presence of the military at major British sporting events is both highly visual and has been rendered culturally and politically invisible: It is hidden "in plain sight." We applied the conceptual framework associated with the "Annales" School of structuralist history to explore how the inextricable links between football, the military, the monarchy, and established church have influenced the evolution of invisible nationalism. We conducted ethnographic fieldwork, including observations, interviews, and focus groups, and also analyzed visual data. These comprised television broadcasts of national sporting events and figures taken at English football clubs. We conclude that the power of the dominant metanarratives of British nationalism serves to render these phenomena invisible to most spectators, especially those who consume football via television.


Hyperlipidemia is the cause of atherosclerosis and is highly related with hypertension,coronary disease, stroke and diabetes.Recently,lipid-lowing drug is still the main treatment in clinical,the action mechanism and efficacy of different choleterol-lowering drug are also different.In this paper,the mechanism of action of different types of cholesterol-lowering drugs and adverse reactions are reviewed,and provide reference for clinical reasonable application of cholesterol-lowering drugs.


Objective: To analyze the associations between favorable physical and psychosocial work factors and health behavior among healthcare employees (nurses and care assistants) with health complaints. Methods: The study was based on seven iterations (2001–2013) of a biennial Swedish work environment survey linked with data from public registers. In all, 7,180 healthcare employees, aged 16–64 years, who had reported health complaints, were included. Health behavior was operationalized through four combinations of sickness absence (SA) and sickness presence (SP): 'good health behavior' (Low SP/Low SA), 'recovery behavior' (Low SP/High SA), 'risk behavior' (High SP/Low SA), and 'poor health behavior' (High SP/High SA). Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by multinomial logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: After adjusting for socio-demographic factors, those who rarely worked in strenuous postures had an increased probability of having 'good health behavior' (OR range: nurses 1.72–2.02; care assistants 1.46–1.75). Those who rarely experienced high job demands had increased odds for having 'good health behavior' (OR: nurses 1.81; OR range: care assistants 1.67–2.13), while having good job control was found to be related to 'good health behavior' only among care assistants (OR range 1.30–1.68). In the full model, after also considering differences in health, none of the work environment indicators affected 'good health behavior' among nursing professionals. Among care assistants, rarely having heavy physical work and having low psychosocial demands remained significantly associated with 'good health behavior' (OR range: 1.24–1.58) and 'recovery behavior' (OR range: 1.33–1.70). No associations were found between favorable work environment factors and 'risk behavior' among the two groups of employees. However, positive assessments of the work situation were associated with 'good health behavior,' even after controlling for all confounders for both groups (OR range: 1.43–2.69). Conclusions: 'Good health behavior' and 'recovery behavior' among care assistants were associated with favorable physical and psychosocial working conditions even when health was considered. This implies that reduced sickness presence and sickness absence among care assistants can be achieved through improved physical and psychosocial working conditions.


This study examined the prediction of academic self-concept (English and Mathematics) and learning strategies (deep and surface), and their direction of effect, on academic achievement (English and Mathematics) of 8,354 students from 16 secondary schools in Hong Kong. Two competing models were tested to ascertain the direction of effect: Model A posited the effect of academic self-concept on learning strategies, whereas Model B posited the effect of learning strategies on academic self-concept. Structural equation modeling indicated that the data fit both models adequately, although Model B was found to have more applied heuristic value for practitioners than Model A because intervention is easier for learning strategies than self-concept. Further investigation also supported the reciprocal relationship between academic self-concept and academic achievement. The findings suggest that academic self-concept, learning strategies, and academic achievement have reciprocal relationships with each other.


This paper of tutorial nature gives some further details of proofs
of some theorems related to the quantum dynamical
Yang-Baxter equation. This mainly expands proofs given in
"Lectures on the dynamical Yang-Baxter equation" by Etingof and
Schiffmann, math.QA/9908064.
This concerns the intertwining operator, the fusion
matrix, the exchange matrix and the difference operators. The last
part expands proofs given in "Traces of intertwiners for quantum groups and
difference equations, I" by Etingof and Varchenko, math.QA/9907181. This concerns the dual Macdonald-Ruijsenaars equations.


After national service as regimental medical officer to the 2nd Battalion Grenadier Guards in Egypt, John Anthony Robert Anson was a trainee assistant in …


The invention relates to an inspection robot and an inspection method thereof. The inspection robot comprises a flight control device box, a flight mechanism, a travelling mechanism and a guide mechanism, wherein the flight mechanism comprises rotatable rotor wings, the travelling mechanism comprises a connection support and a travelling support wheel, the connection support is connected to the flight control device box, the travelling support wheel is rotatably arranged on the connection support, the guide mechanism comprises a guide rod, and the guide rod and the connection support jointly form a guide path. In the above inspection robot, the control system controls the flight mechanism to fly to a part above a power transmission line and then controls the guide mechanism to be in contact with the power transmission line so as to allow the power transmission line to be maintained in contact with and slide relative to the guide rod and the connection support, and the power transmission line is coincided with the travelling support wheel along the guide path. Therefore, the inspection robot is not needed to be transmitted onto the power transmission line with labor and has relatively high working efficiency.


A sparse camera array utilizes several identical cameras for multi-frame super-resolution. However, the influence of camera layout on super-resolution performance remains unclear. In conventional camera arrays, all cameras share a similar observation model, resulting in redundancy during information collection. This study presents a novel super-resolution framework that actively controls cameras in a sparse camera array to rotate to certain degrees. Through a detailed analysis of the forward imaging model, it is shown that the rotation of cameras uses the rotational asymmetry property of pixel layouts and shape. The proposed camera layout method provides more diverse and informative spatial sampling than a conventional camera array with only translations between cameras. A physics-enabled deep neural network was introduced for multi-frame super-resolution. With the explicitly defined gradients and affine models as guidance, it can effectively decode additional information collected by the rotational camera array and overcome the large-scale spatial feature alignment problem. The experimental results on synthetic and real prototype datasets validated the proposed theory and solution. We believe our study can inspire innovations for future task-specific camera array system design.


Abstract The palladium(0) catalyzed reactions of arylazo aryl sulfones (1) with α,β-unsaturated esters in benzene give aryl-substituted esters as major products and hydroarylated esters as minor products. The reactions of 1 with acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones give considerable amounts of hydroarylated ketones and aryl-substituted ketones under similar conditions, whereas the reactions of 1 with cyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones afforded selectively hydroarylated compounds and no formation of aryl-substituted ketones was found. A plausible reaction mechanism is proposed.


Whole grains have become a prominent discussion point over the past few years. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee recommends that Americans "consume at least half of all grains as whole grains. Increase whole-grain intake by replacing refined grains with whole grains." Although this recommendation may be achievable, in many cases it is interpreted to recommend modification of the diet by replacing all refined grains with whole grains, without consideration for the nutritional and culinary impact on diet and foods. The 2011 AACCI Annual Meeting Hot Topic session Preparing for the 2015 Dietary Guidelines: Attributes of Refined Grains, Added Fibers, and Bran provided an opportunity to explore the current scientific understanding of the nutritional and culinary value of non-whole grains, including refined grains, added fibers, and bran, in the diet. Speakers and session participants identified science gaps and research opportunities that might provide more information for use in deliberations for ...


Background and Purpose: The association between the low emotional regulation and the brain structural change of major depressive disorder (MDD) has been proposed, but the voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies on female MDD are rare. The purpose of the present study was to show the regional volume ch...


The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between the energy expenditure and the level of physical performance in preschool-age children. Seventy-six boys (5•`6 years of age) had motor performance tests (25 m run, soft-ball throw, standing-long-jump, Zig-Zag run, upright handstand jog time, sit-and-reach, one-leg-balance). Twenty boys were divided into two groups. One consisted of ten boys as the superior group and the other ten boys as the inferior group in results of the motor performance tests. Energy expenditure was calculated from oxygen intake measured by each child's HR-V02 regression equation in a treadmill running test and 24-hour heart rate measurement by monitoring recorder. Daily energy uptake was estimated from the weight and kind of food recorded by their parents. Energy expenditure in kindergarten,at home and in one day for the superior group were found to be higher than those for the inferior group. Energy uptake in the superior group showed a significant-ly higher value than that in the inferior group. It can be concluded that the children of the superior group appeared to be more active, since test and monitoring measurements showed they had more energy expenditure and energy uptake. (Jnp. J. Phys, Fitness Sports Med. 1994, 44 : 339-346) key words : Energy expenditure, heart rate, physical activity, energy uptake


In this note, we discuss recent updates to a previous scan for the Inert Doublet Model, a two Higgs doublet model with a dark matter candidate. We explicitly show the inclusion of updated constraints on direct detection reduces the allowed parameter space significantly. We furthermore discuss the IDMS - an extension of the IDM with a complex singlet.


Sir, A peculiar type of repeated element has been detected in different prokaryotes and the occurrence of similar elements in very distant phylogenetic groups is being reported subsequent to genomic sequencing. A comparative study of these peculiar elements, aimed at determining the common structural and sequence features, as well as their phylogenetic distribution, will contribute to elucidate their biological relevance. These sequences share multiple features which are unique as a whole, being easily distinguishable from any other recurrent motif, and arising as a new family of prokaryotic repeats. They are repeated short elements generally occurring in clusters, but their main peculiarity is the layout: they are always regularly spaced by unique intervening sequences of constant length. For the sake of clarity, and ensuing from the mentioned characteristics, we will refer to the members of this family of repeats as Short Regularly Spaced Repeats (SRSRs). Using a specific computer program, we have performed a SRSRs search in the completed microbial genomes and the available partial genome sequences of those close to completion. The organisms in which SRSRs have currently been found are listed in Table 1. In summary, the SRSRs are widespread among the various physiological and phylogenetic groups, probably being present in all the Archaea and hyperthermophilic Bacteria, in at least some members of the cyanobacteria and proteobacteria lineages, as well as in the two subgroups of Gram-positive bacteria (the low and high GC content groups). They thus represent the most widely distributed family of repeats among prokaryotic genomes. The main features of the SRSRs are summarized in Table 1. They are typically short partially palindromic sequences of 24±40 bp, containing inner and terminal inverted repeats of up to 11 bp (see Fig. 1). Although isolated elements have been detected, the SRSR elements are generally arranged in clusters (up to 14 per genome) of repeated units spaced by unique intervening 20±58 bp sequences. The extent of the clusters is particularly noteworthy in the Archaea. The SRSRs are very homogeneous within a genome, most of them being identical. However, there are examples of heterogeneity, specially in Archaea. Various SRSR sequences with less than 85% similarity can be distinguished in Pyrococcus abyssi, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Aeropyrum pernix and Methanococcus jannaschii. In the latter, two clusters with 25 and five units of the same element were initially reported (Bult et al., 1996, Science 273: 1058±1073). We have found 12 additional loci and three different SRSR elements, with more than 5 bp changes. The sequence is conserved in members of the same phylogenetic group, and there is a high percentage of similarity even among domains (see Fig. 1), indicative of a common origin. Phylogenetic distance and the degree of sequence conservation closely concur. Haloferax volcanii differs from Haloferax mediterranei in 3 out of 30 bp, and Pyrococcus horikoshii differs from Pyrococcus abysii in 2 out of 29 bp. The high degree of homology between Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi is remarkable, with one difference out of 29 bp. The terminal and inner-inverted repeats of each element are the most conserved regions of the SRSRs (Fig. 1), suggesting that they must be playing an essential role. In M. jannaschii, Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, A. fulgidus, Thermotoga maritima, A. pernix and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, some SRSR clusters are followed by larger (. 300 bp) repeated elements. This association is not detectable in other microorganisms, nor is its possible relevance known. A general location pattern of the SRSRs loci is not recognizable. There is, however, a remarkable coincidence. Possible chromosomal origins of replication have recently been proposed for the Archaea M. thermoautotrophicum and P. horikoshii (Lopez et al. 1999, Mol Microbiol 32: 883±886). In both cases, two clusters of SRSRs are located one to each side of the proposed origin of replication. The distance to the origin is similar, and relatively short, for both clusters (200 and 270 kb in M. thermoautotrophicum, 40 and 78 kb in P. horikoshii). The early and simultaneous appearance of the SRSR clusters in the nascent molecules can be interpreted as being indicative of their relevance. Besides the sequence conservation, other remarkable features of this family of tandem repeats are the palindromic nature and regular spacing of the SRSR elements. The size of the repeated unit and the presence


Abstract This paper explores how liquidity in the UK rental markets reacts to variations in demand across time and space. We employ a survival analysis approach with a non-parametric hazard rate to investigate whether the probability of a property to exit the market changes across calendar months. Our unique dataset comes from Zoopla.com and contains 300,198 rental listings in 13 major UK university cities over the 2015–2017 period. Our results suggest that the probability of exit is lower during the winter season compared to summer. This could be explained by students' higher housing demand at the start of the academic term. The results become more pronounced (i.e. the seasonal difference is higher) when the distance between marketed property and university campuses is taken into account.


This paper is concerned with the microbiological uptake of heavy metals in slow sand filtration (SSF) and the determination of active biomass by organic nitrogen analysis described herein. The heav...


Through analyzing reciprocity relation of Karst collapse column and it's circumference terrane,Using elastic and plastic theory can solve out the ground stress in and around Karst collapse column.The ground stress is also simulated using large scale finite numerical simulation software ANSYS.The two results are identical,all indicate the ground stress in and around Karst collapse column is abnormity.


Abstract Implicit knowledge, that is, task performance knowledge which cannot be articulated by the expert, presents one of the most difficult problems for knowledge acquisition. The present paper examines the information value of the expert's eye movements as a complementary method to elicit implicit knowledge. In a first step, a focused interview and a repertory grid analysis were carried out with a single poetry expert, leading to a first draft of the conceptual domain of poetry criticism. In a second step, the expert was requested to assess 10 poems; his thinking aloud and eye movements while reading the poems were registered. A group of 42 subjects (knowledge engineers) received 10 poems, together with the expert's assertions and information about his eye movements while reading the poems. For half the assertions, the eye information was genuine; for the other assertions, the eye information was misleading. The subjects were asked (a) to decide whether or not genuine eye movements were presented with the assertion, (b) to formulate a paraphrase of the assertion, (c) to formulate a production rule from the assertion, and (d) to decide to what degree the eye information was useful to the elicitation of the knowledge structure. A direct comparison of the findings from the protocol analysis with and without genuine eye information revealed both quantitative and qualitative differences, pertaining to the structure of the information that the expert is attending to during classification. With this information, the reconstruction of the expert's implicit problem analysis was considerably enhanced.


The potential advantages of using digital techniques instead of film-based radiology have been discussed very extensively for the past ten years. These advantages are found mainly in the computer management of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS). On the other hand, the computer-assisted diagnosis (CADx) could potentially enhance radiological services in the future. Lung nodule detection has been a clinically difficult subject for many years. Most of the literature has indicated that the finding rate for lung nodules (size range from 3 mm to 15 mm) is only about 65%, and 30% of the missing nodule can be found retrospectively. In the recent research, imaging processing techniques, such as thresholding and morphological analysis, have been employed to enhance the true-positive detection. However, these methods still produce many false-positive detections. We have used neural networks to distinguish true-positives from the suspected areas-of-interest which are generated from signal enhanced image. The initial results show that the trained neural networks program can increase true-positive detections and drastically reduce the number of false-positive detections. This program can perform three modes of lung nodule detection: (1) thresholding, (2) profile matching analysis, and (3) neural network. This program is fully automatic and has been implemented in a DEC 5000/200 workstation. The total processing time for all three methods is less than 35 seconds. We are planning to link this workstation to our PACS for further clinical evaluation. In this paper, we report our neural network and fast algorithms for various image processing techniques for the lung nodule detection and show the results of the initial studies.


We reviewed the published literatures on masked palm civets and found most of the researches on masked palm civets are on the feeding, breeding, diseases and its treatment, only several papers of general zoological field survey referred the regional existence masked palm civets. We lack of basic biological data on masked palm civets. Because the masked palm civets are suspected as possible source of SARS, thus, we should study the subspecies and its distributions, monitor the population and habitat of wild masked palm civets population and study mating system and dispersal of the juveniles in masked palm civets. Additionally we should study the potential diseases, particularly, those infectious diseases and its prevention, at same time to select the breeds of masked palm civets for artificial propagation.


The present invention relates to a method for producing high purity silicon carbide powder. More specifically, the method comprises: producing gel in which silicon compounds and carbon compounds are uniformly dispersed by means of a sol-gel process by using liquid silicon compounds having various purities and solid or liquid carbon compounds as raw ingredients; producing a silicon dioxide-carbon (SiO_2-C) composite by pyrolyzing the produced gel; producing a composite powder of silicon carbide-silicon dioxide-carbon (SiC-SiO_2-C) by performing two-stage thermal carbon reduction on the produced silicon dioxide-carbon composite; increasing a yield of silicon carbide by adding metal silicon, by re-heating the same, and by simultaneously performing carbonization and thermal carbon reduction; and producing high purity silicon carbide granular powder by growing particles of synthesized silicon carbide.


Sandwell General Hospital is an acute Sdistrict general hospital that provides primary angioplasty service without onsite cardiac surgical facilities. The service was rolled out in stages in July 2005 and achieved 24-hour status by January 2007. Its two distinguishing features are collaboration with its partner hospital of the same National Health Service (NHS) trust for after-hours angioplasties, and mobilisation of interventional cardiologists to whichever one of the two hospitals that patients present to. We aimed to show that 24-hour primary angioplasty service by this collaboration is feasible and can achieve recommended door-to-balloon times. A retrospective audit of the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society database of 381 primary angioplasties over a four-year period from June 2005 to June 2009 was performed. Median door-to-balloon time improved from 80 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 51 to 107) to 64 minutes (IQR 50 to 85; p<0.007) and the percentage of primary angioplasties achieving recommended door-to-balloon time of ≤90 minutes increased from 65% (45/69) to 79% (169/214; p=0.001). In-hospital deaths were 3.0% (10/332) for patients without cardiogenic shock and 6.8% (26/381) for all-comers. We conclude that 24-hour primary angioplasty service in a collaboration of district general hospitals with a physician-to-patient no-transfer approach can achieve favourable door-to-balloon times.


Emerging problems in cosmetics formulations due to the constraints of both the international regulations, and a more and more sophisticated market demand, are briefly discussed. After an analysis of the cosmetics characteristics and typology and of the corresponding raw materials, an example of formulation procedure of a cosmetic product is described. This article brings out how formulation of cosmetics is more and more careful today in assuring safety and efficacy without forgetting the sensory pleasantness.


Corporations create images and avatars which work to bolster an idea in the public consciousness that they have personal identities which are knowable, likeable, even folksy. We all know and understand the meaning or character of 'Mickey Mouse', 'Colonel Sanders', or 'Ronald McDonald'. These images are as familiar to us as any image can be. Yet most of us could not say how this happened, or when. Henrietta Ashworth places this odd sleight of hand alongside a history of the corporation and American identity while also examining how images such as these are used, both subversively and otherwise, in visual culture, and the extent to which it is possible to oppose or subvert the corporate agenda by means of film, either narrative or documentary. In so doing, 'Looking Outside The Castle' examines the ways in which visual culture is informed, interpellated and unavoidably influenced by the narratives that large corporations write for themselves, and asks 'can we ever step outside the magic castle and see it as it really is? Or must our view be forever obscured by its walls?'


The present invention discloses an electrostatic touch device a reinforced protective effect, which is a module comprising a sensing circuit, and then electrically connected to a plurality of signal lines, and provided with a peripheral ring antistatic protection sensing circuit to the signal line, and in around the plurality of signal lines and ESD protection ring is provided with a further anti-static shield ring. When the sensing circuit due to a touch sensing signal generation module, ESD current transmission signal may be generated by the lines and then through the static electricity protection conductive release ring, and, may be derived anti-static shielding ring ESD protection ring is not exported in real-time or static excess current, thereby avoiding interference and maintain static accuracy of the signal transmission apparatus and a touch protecting electronic circuit components within the touch device.


...............................................................................................................................3 Acknowledgement ...............................................................................................................5 List of Tables .......................................................................................................................7 List of Figures ......................................................................................................................8 Chapter 1: Introduction: Leukocyte Adhesion to Endothelium...........................................9 Leukocytes and the Endothelium in Inflammation............................................9 Adhesion Cascade............................................................................................10 The Selectins....................................................................................................10 Specific Goals ..................................................................................................12 Figures..............................................................................................................14 Chapter 2: PSGL-1 Derived from Human Neutrophils is a High Efficiency Ligand for Endothelial Expressed E-selectin...................................................17 Introduction......................................................................................................17 Materials and Methods.....................................................................................21 Results..............................................................................................................26 Discussion........................................................................................................31 Figures..............................................................................................................37 Chapter 3: Estimating the Probability of Tethering in Parallel Plate Flow Chamber ........46 Introduction......................................................................................................46 A Mathematical Analysis of Adhesion Using a Partially Coated Substrate....46 Results..............................................................................................................54 Tables...............................................................................................................57 Figures..............................................................................................................60 Chapter 4: Conclusion........................................................................................................65 References..........................................................................................................................67 Appendix A: List of Abbreviations....................................................................................75 7 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Relative comparison of neutrophils, neutrophil PSGL-1 and SLe microspheres.......36 3.1 Spreadsheet of ycrit and x of neutrophil PSGL-1 coated microspheres........................57 3.2 Calculations for the probability of initial tethering of the neutrophil PSGL-1 coated microspheres from data presented in Figure 2.4 ..............................58 3.3 Comparison of ycrit and φ calculated by different molecular interaction length ..........59 8 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1.1 Adhesion cascade.........................................................................................................14 1.2 Structure of Selectins ...................................................................................................15 1.3 Structure of PSGL-1 and SLe.....................................................................................16 2.1 Flow cytometric analysis of neutrophil PSGL-1 microspheres and neutrophils .........37 2.2 Flow assay indicates that neutrophil PSGL-1 microspheres attach to E-selectin........38 2.3 Flow assay indicates that SLe microspheres attach to E-selectin...............................39 2.4 Neutrophil PSGL-1 microspheres, compared to SLe microspheres, exhibit higher rates of initial tethering to E-Selectin ...................................................40 2.5 Percent detachment ......................................................................................................41 2.6 Percent rolling..............................................................................................................42 2.7 Rolling velocity............................................................................................................43 2.8 Neutrophil PSGL-1 and SLe microsphere adhesive interactions were not blocked by mAb HECA-452 .....................................................................................................44 3.1 The circular parallel plate flow chamber .....................................................................60 3.2 Illustration of flow section with HUVEC cultured in a small circular area at the center of the flow chamber............................................................61 3.3 Illustration of the particles that contact the substrate...................................................62 3.4 Comparison of percentage of initial tethering using constant interaction length .........................................................................................................63 3.5 Comparison of percentage of initial tethering using different molecular interaction length .........................................................................................................64 9 CHAPTER


To improve the comparability of the research results in ecological industry, the ecological footprint (EF) method was applied to analyze the resources utilization and environmental pollution among various sub systems of industrial process, taking maize-monosodium glutamate (MSG) industry as a case. The production of MSG is made up of three subsystems which are those of maize, starch, and MSG. Results indicate that the production process from maize to MSG is a prolonging process of the EF, in which the maize production occupied the biggest area, because its proportion of the EF of farmland and water resources is very high. It was found that the prolonging of EF follows the increase of resources profit, meaning that the prolonging of production chain is of importance to improve resources utilization efficiency. Authors argue that all three sub-systems have high proportion of the indirect energy EF, and reducing their energy consumption should become their targets subsystems in which the air and water pollution in MSG subsystem is the most serious. Finally, it is considered that EF is a good method to measure resources utilization and environmental pollution in various subsystems of a integrated ecological industry.


This review work based on the Performance exploration of the bit error rate (BER) and Q-factor. BER is the measurement of bits that have errors relative to the total number of bits received in a transmission. There are so many different types of modulation techniques scheme is recommended for improvement of BER and Q-factor in fibre optic communications. The advanced scheme has been tested on optical fibre systems using Dense Wave Length Division Multiplexing (DWDM) operating with a non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format at transmission rates of up to 2.5 Gbps. But due to the dispersion in optical fiber communication bit rate and other parameters (like Q-factor, Threshold value) are affected (Reduce). Here dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) is used to minimized dispersion in optical fiber communication.


Making use of an abundant and essentially free resource, chemists have coaxed dinitrogen from air and benzene to react with one another, creating aniline derivatives. Sean F. McWilliams, who helped...


This article provides a top-level description of the RADARSAT-2 bus module design and performance. The bus module contains all the necessary systems to operate and maintain the satellite in orbit and to support the synthetic aperture radar (SAR) payload. This role includes providing the spacecraft structure, thermal control, electrical power generation and distribution, attitude and orbit control systems, ground communications systems, and internal data-handling infrastructure.


Many societies face the problem of how to cope adequately with new inventions and technologies. Many are now in the middle of debates about GM crops and foods. This paper examines how stakeholders in Taiwan perceive GM crops and foods and the implications of these perceptions for risk governance and sustainable development. The research utilizes documentary analysis, data gathered from in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. It shows civil groups' unease about unknown consequences, skepticism of the relations between politics and business, and criticisms of the failure by the government and the media to inform the public. It highlights Christian and Buddhist responses to GM issues, because elements of these religious groups have devoted themselves to public awaking for a sustainable society. It argues for the need to promote informed public deliberations and stakeholder debates on decisions about GM technology and the establishment of alliances for dealing with GM controversies and promoting sustainable development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.


In this paper we prove coupled fixed point theorem for mapping having the mixed monotone property in partially ordered metric space . We give an example to support of our result.


Given the importance of thermally thin materials in minimizing the fire accidents different properties of Nylon added with montmorillonite (MMT) clay of 5% (thermally thin) are examined in this paper. A simple first order reaction model is considered to minimize the number of unknown parameters. Different Kinetic, Physical, and thermodynamic properties are obtained from DSC and TGA data and are compared for both thermally thick and thin rubbers thereby, proving the importance of thermally thin Nylon.


A potential of colza productivity in connection with seeding norms influence was found out for the first time in the steppe zone of North Kazakhstan. It was stated that optimal combination of elements of colza cultivation technology provides getting high seed production with less expenses for production unit.


Large-scale fire tests are time intensive and expensive. Thus, usually only a limited number of test results are produced. In order to produce a more reliable description of the parameters of interest, the data set can be extended. This paper shows, as an example, how fire resistance tests investigating different parameters can be connected and further how censored test results can be considered in the evaluation of the results. The goal of the whole investigation is to extend the information of a limited number of fire tests in order to produce a more reliable description of the test results.


In this paper, we proved the existence and uniqueness and convergence of the solution of new type for nonlinear fuzzy volterra integral equation . The homotopy analysis method are proposed to solve the new type fuzzy nonlinear Volterra integral equation . We convert a fuzzy volterra integral equation for new type of kernel for integral equation, to a system of crisp function nonlinear volterra integral equation . We use the homotopy analysis method to find the approximate solution of the system and hence obtain an approximation for fuzzy solution of the nonlinear fuzzy volterra integral equation . Some numerical examples is given and results reveal that homotopy analysis method is very effective and compared with the exact solution and calculate the absolute error between the exact and AHM .Finally using the MAPLE program to solve our problem .


A plasma display device, and a gate driving device and method are provided to restrict malfunction of transistors reducing the voltages of electrodes in a sustain discharge circuit. A plasma display device includes electrodes forming a discharge cell; a first transistor(Yf) changing the voltage of the electrode; an amplifier outputting the high or low level voltage to an output stage in response to a control signal(IN); a first capacitor(Cb) connected between the output stage of the amplifier and a gate of the first transistor and provided with a first stage connected to the output stage of the amplifier; a first diode(Dz) connected between the second stage of the first capacitor and the first stage of the first transistor; and a second transistor connected between the gate and the first stage of the first transistor and provided with a control terminal connected to the second stage of the first capacitor.


Methyl 2-benzoylamino-3-dimethylaminopropenoate (2) was introduced as a new reagent for the preparartion of fused pyrimidinones 4 from heterocyclic α-amino compounds in acetic acid. In this manner, derivatives of pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidine 4a,b,f, pyrimido[1,2-b]pyridazine 4g, pyrimido[1,2-c]pyrimidine 4j, pyrazino[1,2-a]pyrimidine 4k, thiazolo[2,3-b]pyrimidine 4l, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 4m, and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine 4n were prepared.