Condensation reactions ol the "functionalized" pyrroles which were obtained by one pot synthesis of aziridines and acetylenic dipolarophiles were discussed. On treatments of 3,4-di- and 2,3,4-tribenzoylpyrroles with hydrazine hydrate and phosphorus pentasulfide, the several pyrrolo-pyridazine derivatives and fused thiophenes, respectively, were prepared. The structure proofs for the products of the reaction of the 2,3,4-tribenzoylpyrrole (9a) with hydrazine hydrate were based on the 13C FT-nmr spectrum of the corresponding 13C-enriched compounds.


Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in humans, independent of secondary risk factors such as thrombogenic disorders. In dogs, SCD is described in a number of heart diseases, but an association between AF and SCD is unreported. Hypothesis (a) A higher proportion of dogs with AF will experience SCD, and (b) SCD will be associated with complex ventricular arrhythmias. Animals One‐hundred forty‐two dogs with AF, and 127 dogs without AF. Methods Retrospective, multicenter, case‐control study. Dogs included in the AF group were compared to a control group of dogs in sinus rhythm, matched for echocardiographic diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were used to identify proportions of each group suffering SCD, compared using chi‐squared testing. Risk factors for SCD in dogs with AF were evaluated at the univariable and multivariable level using binary logistic regression. Significance was P < .05. Results A significantly higher proportion of dogs with AF suffered SCD than dogs in the control group (14.8% vs 5.5%; P = .01). Younger age at diagnosis, larger left atrial size, and a history of syncope all were independent predictors of SCD in dogs with AF (χ 2, 16.3; P = .04). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Atrial fibrillation was associated with a higher prevalence of SCD in dogs. A history of syncope may be a useful predictor of SCD risk.


ToBI (Tones and Break Indices) is a general notation system for spoken language. The basic idea behind it is to describe prosodic aspects such as intonational patterns and standardise the description of prosody. At adequate levels, ToBi system is adaptable for describing Finnish boundary tones, phrase accents and breaks.


trichoblastoma: an unusual localization. Int J Dermatol 2003; 42: 201–2. 3 Izikson L, Bhan A, Zembowicz A. Androgen receptor expression helps to differentiate basal carcinoma from benign trichoblastic tumors. Am J Dermatopathol 2005; 27: 91–5. 4 Ohnishi T, Watanabe S. Immunohistochemical analysis of cytokeratin expression in various trichogenic tumors. Am J Dermatopathol 1999; 21: 337–43. 5 Bayer-Garner IB, Givens V, Smoller B. Immnohistochemical staining for androgen receptors: sensitive marker of sebaceous differentiation. Am J Dermatopathol 1999; 21: 426–31.


To facilitate South Asian (SA) families and health‐care professionals (HCPs) participation in a prioritization exercise to co‐produce child health research and public awareness agendas.


Abstract The idea that intraseasonal variability in the tropical west Pacific can act as an effective means of stochastically forcing ENSO episodes is explored. Using the ideas of generalized linear stability theory as they apply to nonnormal dynamical systems, the physical attributes of the coupled ocean–atmosphere system in the Tropics that allow perturbations with structures that are dissimilar to ENSO to act as precursors for ENSO episodes are examined. Using a coupled ocean–atmosphere model, two particularly important factors are identified that contribute to the nonnormality of the coupled system: nonsolar atmospheric heating directly related to SST changes, and the dissimilarity between the equatorial ocean wave reflection process at eastern and western boundaries. The latter is intrinsic to the dynamics of the ocean, while the former is related to the presence of the west Pacific warm pool and its relationship with the Walker circulation.


Modified starches are promising and having good potential as release retardants and rate controlling polymers for controlled release. The controlled release properties of modified starches, generally based on solvent-activation have been intensively investigated. Aim: The present aimed to investigate the in vivo performance of the new polymer (Cross linked starch-urea or CLSU) in the formulation of controlled release dosage forms. Methods: Diclofenac matrix tablets employing CLSU were prepared by gelatinizing potato starch in the presence of urea and calcium chloride. 15 mg strength of diclofenac matrix tablets were formulated employing CLSU and pure drug were tested for in vivo pharmacokinetic evolution. Plasma drug concentration of Diclofenac was determined by HPLC method. From the time Vs plasma concentration data various pharmacokinetic parameters such as peak concentration (C max ), time at which peak occurred (T max ), area under the curve (AUC), elimination rate constant (k el ), biological half-life (t 1/2 ), percent absorbed to various times and absorption rate constant (K a ) were calculated in each case as per known standard methods. Results: The absorption rate constant (K a ) was found to be 0.152h -1 for A and 0.817 h -1 for B, and MRT was increased from 9.68 h for A to 14.05 h for B. T max raised to 6 h for A from 3 h for A. Based on AUC 0 α the relative bioavailability of the diclofenac from CLSU was found to be 124.9% compared to diclofenac pure drug (100%). Conclusion: Thus the results indicated that starch urea cross-linked with calcium chloride is a promising matrix former for controlled release.


Enterprises routinely collect terabytes of security relevant data, e.g., network logs and application logs, for several reasons such as cheaper storage, forensic analysis, and regulatory compliance. Analyzing these big data sets to identify actionable security information and hence to improve enterprise security, however, is a relatively unexplored area. In this paper, we introduce a system to detect malicious domains accessed by an enterprise's hosts from the enterprise's HTTP proxy logs. Specifically, we model the detection problem as a graph inference problemwe construct a host-domain graph from proxy logs, seed the graph with minimal ground truth information, and then use belief propagation to estimate the marginal probability of a domain being malicious. Our experiments on data collected at a global enterprise show that our approach scales well, achieves high detection rates with low false positive rates, and identifies previously unknown malicious domains when compared with state-of-the-art systems. Since malware infections inside an enterprise spread primarily via malware domain accesses, our approach can be used to detect and prevent malware infections.


Biodesulfurization (BDS) of fossil fuels is a promising method for treating the high content of sulfur in crude oils and their derivatives in the future, attributed to its environmental-friendly nature and the technical efficient ability to desulfurize the organosulfur compounds recalcitrant on other techniques. It was found that the bioreaction rate depends on the treated fluid, targeting sulfur compounds, and the microorganism applied. Also, many studies investigated the operation conditions, specificity, and biocatalysts modification to develop BDS efficiency. Furthermore, mathematical kinetics models were formulated to represent the process. In this review, the previous studies are analyzed and discussed. This review article is characterized by a clear picture of all BDS's experimental, industrial, procedural, theoretical, and hypothetical points.


The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that effect actual construction time in the context of food sector projects in Bangladesh. One of the factors of particular interest is political unrest. The data for the study was obtained from a leading design and construction management company in Bangladesh. The sample size consisted of data for 104 food grain warehouse projects scattered all over the country. The effect of political unrest on construction time was analyzed in conjunction with other known variables of time overrun, such as increase in project cost and delay in procurement of construction materials. The results indicated that the effect local political unrest on construction time was statistically significant even in the presence project cost and procurement of materials variables. It was concluded that political unrest could be included in prediction models used for finding out actual construction time of food grain warehouse projects in Bangladesh. Based on these findings, a prediction model for construction time for such projects was developed.


Briefing presents data from the 2001 Census concerning households, dependent children
and non-employment in London, including maps showing the incidence of worklessness among
households with dependent children at census output area level.
(DMAG briefing 2003/21)


Abstract The ERTS-1 experiment is shortly presented. Based on ERTS images of the southwestern part of Sweden and the adjacent coast area of Norway the detection of terminal moraines from the deglaciation period of the last glaciation is discussed. Especially the moraine line of the Ra-substage (Younger Dryas) is very distinctly observable.


Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a potential tool to support diagnosis and surgical decision making in children with cardiac disorders. However, SWE in this particular setting is challenged by dispersion and 3D shear wave propagation paths, caused by the relatively thin and curved left ventricle with its anisotropic material properties, ultimately complicating the link between SW propagation and tissue stiffness. To study these complex wave phenomena and the accuracy of currently available signal processing algorithms, we used a combined experimental and numerical approach on a generic model of the left ventricle. These experiments revealed that phase speed analysis provided a better estimate of actual stiffness than group speed analysis. On the other hand, our finite element model contributed to gaining insights in the complex wave propagation pattern and allowed 3D-visualization of the SW.


Titanium dioxide films were prepared by a previously described RAS (radical assisted sputtering) coater. Structural and optical properties of the films were investigated. Absorption-less multilayered optical filters were reached through 410nm to 700nm wavelength range.


A NEW SET OF TOOLS FOR ALL ALTIMETRY USERS The field of satellite radar altimetry has matured to a point where it is now time to encourage a multimission approach and conceive an "all-altimeter" toolbox including a tutorial. Such an integrated approach and view is vital not only for assessing the current status of what offers altimeter products but also to show the system and consistency with the past. The Basic Radar Altimetry Toolbox (BRAT) is a collection of tools, tutorials and documents designed to facilitate the use of radar altimetry data for altimetry users, experienced as well as beginners, and particularly the users of the upcoming CryoSat mission. It is able to read most distributed radar altimetry data, from ERS-1 & 2, TOPEX/Poseidon, Geosat Follow-on, JASON-1, Envisat, and the future Cryosat missions, to perform some processing, data editing and statistic and to visualise the results. A version 2 is being developed with additional visualisation features such as waveform viewing. Also, a release for the MacOS is planned. As part of the Toolbox, a Radar Altimetry Tutorial gives general information about altimetry, the technique involved and its applications, as well as an overview of past, present and future missions, including information on how to access data and additional software and documentation. It also presents a series of data use cases, covering all uses of altimetry over ocean, cryosphere and land, showing the basic methods for some of the most frequent manners of using altimetry data.


Compounds (Ib)—(Id) exhibit a higher inhibitory activity on total HDACs, HDAC1, HDAC2, and HDAC7 and higher anticancer activity against MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7/Dox, MCF-7/Tam, SK-OV-3, LNCaP, and PC3 human cancer cell lines than SAHA.


Background: The development of left ventricular dysfunction is a major concern in the management of patients with severe mitral regurgitation. In the initial stages, contractility impairment may be ''invisible'' by the traditional methods to assess the ventricular function, because of different loading conditions. This fact can mask the presence of LV dysfunction. Sometimes, LV dysfunction may be ''unmasked'' only by change in loading conditions after surgical correction, leading to the development of overt LV dysfunction and congestive heart failure. The identification of contractile dysfunction at an early stage and surgical correction may avoid the development of irreversible postoperative LV dysfunction. Objectives : To test the efficacy of new echocardiographic indices in predicting post operative left ventricular dysfunction and compare the diagnostic accuracy of these indices . Subjects and Methods: The study included 41 patients with severe isolated Mitral regurgitation with ejection fraction > 50 %, prepared for mitral valve replacement. Patients were examined clinically and by Echocardiography pre and post operative. The following Echo Doppler modalities were done to the patients pre operative and 6 months post operative: Global longitudinal strain(GLS) , Modified Simpson ,dp/dt , IVRT/T(E-è) the early diastolic Driving Force , early diastolic and early systolic mitral annular velocity by tissue Doppler. Patients were then classified into Four sub groups according to post operative systolic and diastolic function, Group 1A were patients with normal post operative systolic function , Group 1B were patients with post operative systolic dysfunction , Group 2A were patients with normal post operative diastolic function , Group 2B were patients with post operative diastolic dysfunction. Results : For prediction of systolic dysfunction ROC curve analysis showed high significant value of pre operative GLS in predicting post operative systolic dysfunction with cutoff value= -18.5 , high significant value of pre operative modified Simpson in predicting post operative systolic dysfunction with cutoff value=54.5, and significant value of pre operative dp/dt in predicting post operative systolic dysfunction with cutoff value=1166 mmHg/sec. The multivariate analysis showed that the independent variables for predicting post operative systolic dysfunction were pre operative GLS and dp/dt. For prediction of diastolic dysfunction ROC curve analysis showed high significant value of pre operative GLS in predicting post operative diastolic dysfunction with cutoff value=-18.5, and significant value of pre operative IVRT/T(E-e\) in predicting post operative diastolic dysfunction with cutoff value=2.95. Multivariate analysis showed that the independent variables for predicting post operative diastolic dysfunction were preoperative GLS & preoperative IVRT/T (E-e\). Conclusions : We can depend on pre operative Global Longitudinal Strain (GLS) and dp/dt in predicting post operative systolic dysfunction with cut off value=-18.5 and 1166 mmHg/sec respectively. We can also depend on preoperative GLS and IVRT/T (E-e\) in predicting post operative diastolic dysfunction with cutoff value=-18.5 and 2.95 respectively.


Large neutral gas accumulation has been observed in trapped volumes directly behind the mechanical limiter in the Alcator A tokamak. Experiments have been performed to measure the neutral pressure buildup behind the limiter as a function of plasma density and gas species. The results indicate that a passive mechanical limiter effectively removes from the vacuum vessel up to 20% of the atoms injected during a discharge. The feasibility of mechanical limiters removing the fusion reaction helium ash, thus negating a major need for magnetic divertors, is discussed.


Brain herniations into the dural venous sinuses are recently described rare findings that are of uncertain etiology and clinical significance. We describe 18 instances of brain herniations into dural venous sinuses in 16 patients identified on MRI and discuss their imaging findings, possible causes, and relationship to the patient's symptoms. All patients were examined with MRI including pre- and post-contrast T1- and T2-weighted sequences. With respect to brain herniations we documented their location, signal intensity, size, presence of arachnoid granulation, and associated dural venous sinus stenosis. We then reviewed clinical records in an attempt to establish if any symptoms were related to the presence of these herniations. 262 patients who presented to our institution's Pulsatile Tinnitus Clinic over a three year period were examined. 16 patients had brain herniations into dural venous sinuses (age range 25–79). 11 patients had unilateral temporal or occipital herniations into the transverse sinus or the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction, respectively. Three patients had unilateral cerebellar herniations into the transverse sinus. One patient had bilateral temporal herniations into the transverse-sigmoid sinus junction. One patient had bilateral occipital and cerebellar herniations into the transverse sinuses. Arachnoid granulations were seen in association with 13 of the herniations. Focal dural venous sinus stenosis was associated with 15 of the 18 herniations. In 9 of 16 patients (56%) symptoms matched side of brain herniation. 9 of 16 patients (56%) had intracranial hypertension. Brain herniations into dural venous sinuses are uncommon incidental findings with an uncertain relationship to pulsatile tinnitus and intracranial hypertension.Abstract E-059 Figure 1 Intracranial hypertension in the setting of a left transverse sinus cephalocele. (A,B) Coronal FLAIR and T1 post-contrast MR images show a small herniation of the left occipital lobe into the transverse sinus (dotted circle). (C) Axial T2 MR image shows flattening of the posterior globes and protrusion of the optic nerve heads as well as prominent subarachnoid space in the optic nerve sheathes. (D) MR venogram shows bilateral, left greater than left, transverse sinus stenosis, most pronounced at site of cephalocele (white arrow). Disclosures J. Villanueva-Meyer: None. L. Eisenmenger: None. V. Shah: None. K. Meisel: None. M. Amans: None.


The evanescent field on the surface of photonic waveguides can be utilized for total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) imaging. Making use of high refractive index contrast materials such as Si3N4 or Ta2O5 on SiO2 can create high energy density fields of ca. 200 nm penetration depth at arbitrary excitation areas while being compatible as substrates for live cell imaging [1]. Compared to the conventional, objective-based TIRF setups, the chip-based approach offers easy multiplexing by adjustment-free switching of excitation wavelengths, large field-of-view imaging through decoupling of excitation and collection optics, telecom device compatibility for fast circuit switches, among other advantages. Beyond diffraction limited imaging, different super-resolution techniques have been implemented on the chip platform. The high effective refractive index of the guided mode (e.g., neff = 1.7) inside the waveguide offers higher spatial frequencies than possible with objectivebased, far-field approaches, which can push the achievable resolution beyond the possibilities of standard implementations. Chip-based direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) has been demonstrated, achieving unprecedented large field of view [2, 3]. By shifting the interference fringes of multimode waveguides, the excitation intensity can be modulated for fluctuation-based techniques such as ESI or SOFI [2]. When counter propagating waveguides, high frequency sinusoidal illumination can be utilized for chip-based structured illumination microscopy (SIM). Isotropic resolution enhancement for chip-SIM is achieved through different waveguide arms providing a rotation of the interference angle, with phase stepping which can be performed onor off-chip [4]. The developments so far should be seen as the first steps of this technology. There is much to be explored within chip-based imaging, where retrofitting possibilities to conventional microscopes provide the potential towards a paradigm shift in super-resolution optical microscopy.


Machine vision guidance systems have been developed for work in a variety of
crops. Sensor performance has a significant impact on the performance of the resulting
algorithm. In this project, a Duncan Technologies MS2150 multisensor camera (NIR, R, G) was
used to collect images of grass hay, collard greens and spinach. The resulting images were
processed in MATLAB using a novel algorithm. Initial results indicate favorable performance of
the algorithm in the green crops tested.


INTRODUCTION
Since 1986 we have carried out five nationwide point-prevalence studies in Spain analyzing Staphylococcus spp. The 2006 data, corresponding to the sixth study, are presented herein.

METHODS
A total of 145 hospitals from all geographic areas of the country participated in the study. We investigated 866 staphylococcal isolates (463 S. aureus). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed against 16 antimicrobials by an automated microdilution method. Susceptibility to tigecycline was determined by the E-test method.

RESULTS
Resistance of S. aureus to oxacillin seemed to have stabilized (31.2% in 2002 vs. 29.2% in 2006), and the same was true for resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin. In 2006, isolates were more susceptible to gentamicin (16.9% resistance in 2002 vs. 8.6% in 2006, P < 0.001). None of the isolates presented decreased susceptibility to vancomycin, and the resistance to cotrimoxazole (0.9%) and rifampin (0.6%) was minimal. One isolate showed linezolid resistance. Resistance of coagulase negative staphylococci to oxacillin (61.3% in 2002 vs. 66.7% in 2006) and erythromycin (63.0% in 2002 vs. 66.5% in 2006) remained stable, although resistance to gentamicin (27.8% in 2002 vs. 44.2% in 2006, P < 0.001), ciprofloxacin (44.9% in 2002 vs. 54.3% in 2006, P = 0.010) and clindamycin (33.8% in 2002 vs. 46.2% in 2006, P = 0.001) has increased. Two isolates presented decreased susceptibility to teicoplanin and one was linezolid-resistant. All Staphylococcus spp. were uniformly susceptible to quinupristin-dalfopristin and tigecycline.

CONCLUSIONS
Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. to oxacillin remains high in Spain, but seems to have stabilized in the last years. Linezolid resistance is emerging.


A projection-type display device includes: a light source 21; a spatial light modulation element 25 which modulates incident light according to an applied image signal and emits the modulated light; an illumination optical system 23 which condenses light from the light source 21 and illuminates the spatial light modulation element 25; a projection lens 27 which projects the light emitted from the spatial light modulation element 25; shielding unit 1, positioned along the path of light on the side of either the illumination optical system 23 or the projection lens 27 with respect to the spatial light modulation element 25, and which can change the amount of shielding of transmitted light; and image signal correction units 3, 4, 5, and 6 which divide the picture plane of the spatial light modulation element 25 into a plurality of areas, and perform correction on the image signal applied to the spatial light modulation element 25 according to the current shielding amount of the shielding unit 1 for each of the plurality of areas. Accordingly, appropriate uniformity correction is performed even when there is a change in the angular distribution of light emitted from the spatial light modulation element and reaching the screen.


Objective: Hypertension is very common and inadequately controlled among the elderly. Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) measurement has a better predictive value than office blood pressure (BP) measurement. In a substudy of the VALVET trial, we examined the effect of combined valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (V/HCTZ), or V or HCTZ alone on 24-h mean ABP in elderly subjects with systolic hypertension. Methods: Three hundred eighty-four subjects >=70 years old with mean sitting systolic BP >150 and =<200 mmHg were randomized to receive V/HCTZ 160/12.5 mg (n = 24), HCTZ 12.5 mg (n = 26), or V 160 mg (n = 31) for 4 weeks. At Week 4, subjects not achieving <140/90 mmHg received optional titration with V/HCTZ (160/12.5 mg in HCTZ and V groups; 320/12.5 mg in V/HCTZ group) up to a maximum dose of V/HCTZ 320/25 mg by Week 12. Results: Baseline ASBP/ADBP values ± SD were 141.1 ± 10.7/76.5 ± 9.3, 142.2 ± 9.3/78.7 ± 7.5, and 142.2 ± 10.6/78.3 ± 8.2 mmHg in the V/HCTZ, HCTZ, and V groups, respectively. At Week 4, reductions from baseline in 24-h mean ASBP and ADBP were greater in subjects initiating V/HCTZ than HCTZ or V alone (Table). At Week 16, differences were observed between V/HCTZ and HCTZ groups only. These results were largely consistent for nighttime vs daytime, and last-4-hours dosing analyses. Adverse events were similar across all groups; the most common being dizziness, fatigue, and headache. Conclusions: In conclusion, 4 weeks of initial combination therapy resulted in a greater BP reduction from baseline vs monotherapy, demonstrating enhanced efficacy of V/HCTZ in elderly patients. Figure 1. No caption available.


The invention discloses blueberry root system inducing nutritious soil for growing seedlings. The blueberry root system inducing nutritious soil for growing seedlings comprises the following components by weight percent: 30-70% of dry sphagnum, 10-30% of high-temperature dried chicken manure particles, 10-50% of high-temperature dried cow manure particles, 5-10% of seaweed meal, 3-5% of protein fermentation substance and 1-5% of potassium humate, wherein the seaweed meal is normal-temperature dried undaria pinnatifida powder; the protein fermentation substance is prepared by aerobically fermenting 20-80% of egg white and 80-20% of sesame-seed cake at normal temperatures. The blueberry root system inducing nutritious soil for growing seedlings has the advantages that the nutritious soil formula can meet the best blueberry growth requirements on soil breathability, nutrient slow-release capability, acidity and alkalinity, and nutrient content; meanwhile, the nutritious soil formula has functions of increasing the diameter of fine roots of the blueberry, especially inducing the growth of a root system with a diameter class being 3mm.


Creation of a Federal space exploration commission with full power and resources to undertake long-range space programs has been urged by the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE).


Summary Alomar, M., 2022. Influences of bovine serum albumin on fresh and chilled ram sperm motility assessed by computer aided sperm analyser. Bulg. J


We provide, a rational explanation for mode ordering observed in some specific disk resonating gyros (DRG). In DRGs that are made from (100) single crystalline silicon (SCS), it is well known that the frequencies of the two orthogonal conjugate 2nd order (elliptic) wineglass modes, are distinct. This is because the material is anisotropic, and the elastic moduli in the [100] direction are different from those in the [110] direction. For DRGs that are made from (100) SCS, it is also well known that the frequencies of the two orthogonal conjugate 3rd order (rounded triangular) wineglass modes, are identical. In essence, the 3rd order wineglass mode is insensitive to material anisotropy. In most structures, it is often the case that higher order modes occur at a higher frequency. However, in a recent study of DRGs that are made from (100) SCS and are constructed from spoke-connected rings, it was surprisingly discovered that the frequency of the 3rd order wineglass mode is lower than the frequency of the 2nd order wineglass mode. In this work we analyze the problem and provide new insight, and for the first time provide a rational explanation of this phenomenon.


| Current study aimed to investigate the effects of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) and wheat germ essential oil (WGO) on the chemical and bacteriological quality of oriental sausage. Five batches of beef sausage first as control, second and third groups contained CEO at concentrations of 1% and 2%, while the fourth and fifth groups added with WGO at concentrations of 1% and 2%. The effect of different treatments on pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid (TBA), aerobic plate count (APC), Enterobacteriaceae count, Staphylococcus count and Enterococcus count was studied at zero, 3rd, 6th, and 9th day of chilling at 3±1°C. The mean values of pH, TVB-N and TBA in Control group was 7.03 ± 0.05, 33.46± 0.46 mg/100g and 1.67± 0.03 mg MDA/kg however, it was reduced (p<0.05) in 2% CEO (6.29 ± 0.03, 19.74 ± 0.21mg/100g and 0.85 ± 0.03mg MDA/kg respectively) and 2% WGO (6.36 ± 0.04, 19.99 ± 0.13 mg/100g and 0.89 ±0.025 mg MDA/kg respectively) treated group on 9th day. The mean values of APC, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Enterococcus in control group were 7.23 ± 0.34, 5.43 ± 0.28, 5.12 ± 0.23 and 4.98 ± 0.25 log10CFU/g, while these were reduced (p<0.05) in 2% CEO (6.11 ± 0.31, 4.24 ± 0.26, 4.08 ± 0.24 and 3.98 ± 0.23 log10CFU/g respectively) and in 2% WGO (6.45 ± 0.31, 4.35 ± 0.24, 4.25± 0.23 and 4.08± 0.21 log10CFU/g set respectively) in treated group on 9th day. These results exhibited that CEO and/or WGO at concentration 2% could be added in oriental sausages to retard the chemical changes and decrease the bacterial growth during storage.


COVID‐19 is currently the most urgent threat to public health in the world. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the first cases of COVID‐19 to make further improvements in health policies and prevention measurements in response to the outbreak of COVID‐19.


Professor Wu Shentao argues that insulin resistance is mainly due to turbidity-toxin accumulation resulting from spleen failing to transport essence,and its treatment lies in transforming turbidity and relieving toxin.And two cases were presented.


End-of-life plastics are now posing a great threat to the global environment. An effective solution to mitigate the plastic pollution is to recycle the post-consumer plastics. Recycled plastic materials are considered as low-cost and sustainable alternatives for 3D printer filaments. However, due to the variety of recycled materials available, a selection process is required to suit the specific applications. In order to select an optimal recycled material for 3D printer filament from the waste plastic stream which contains a mixture of polymers, the current research implements the Elimination Et Choice Translating Reality (ELECTRE) method. The result revealed that recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) outperformed other waste plastics including recycled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), recycled polylactic acid (PLA) and recycled polypropylene (PP). The current study suggests that the ELECTRE model provides a valuable framework for evaluating materials performances for designed applications.


In the present work, an experimental study is made on the performance of refrigeration system based on (R600a|R290) nanorefrigerant. Here cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles of size (20-30) nm has been taken. Three different volumetric concentrations ( 0.15, 0.25, 0.35) gm of CuO were being used in this refrigeration system. An advancement in COP and reduction in power consumption is seen during the observation . It is also found that cooling capacity of the system is increases with different volumetric concentrations of nanoparticles. The experimental studies indicate that the refrigeration system with nanorefrigerant works normally. Thus, cupric oxide (CuO) nanoparticles can be used to improve the performance of a hydrocarbon based refrigeration system under analyzed conditions.


Recently, the efforts to obtain Soil Moisture (SM) global measurements, at high spatial resolution, have been increasing several years ago. As a result, there are many techniques to downscale SM from remote observations of different sensors. However, we have focused on the algorithm which was developed in 2018 by Chakrabarti, using spatio-temporal correlations of high-resolution remote sensing products, bagged regression trees (BRT), and in-situ SM measurements. We computed the algorithm to downscale SMAP Level 2 SM products (L2_SM_P_E) at 9 km to 1 km over agricultural fields in Mexico using optical observations such as Land Surface Temperature (LST), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Landcover (LC), and precipitation measurements (PPT). We found that the algorithm correctly downscales soil moisture at 1 km over our study area, especially over the corn fields the RMSD is 0.037 m3/m3. Despite the limitations that we encountered when using optical ancillary products due to adverse weather conditions and the difference of spatial and temporal resolutions between each space-borne mission.


Abstract Given an infinite family of finite primitive groups, conditions are found which ensure that almost all the orbitals are not self-paired. If p is a prime number congruent to ±1(mod 10), these conditions apply to the groups P S L (2, p) acting on the cosets of a subgroup isomorphic to A5. In this way, infinitely many vertex-primitive ½-transitive graphs which are not metacirculants are obtained.


Abstract: We report a fatal case of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) resulting from a high dose of cytosine arabinoside (ARA‐C). A 13‐year‐old girl with acute lymphocytic leukemia was treated according to the protocol of the BFM Group (BFM‐95, HRG). On the fifth day after administration of a high dose of ARA‐C (2 g/m2 intravenously every 12 hours), she developed bullous lesions on the hands and soles that disseminated, evolving to necrosis, sepsis, and death on the 22nd day. ARA‐C is frequently associated with dermatologic toxicity, but this is only the second case of toxic epidermal necrolysis described in connection with this drug.


The aim of this article is to explore the interaction of plural legal orders concerning the issue of inheritance in Paiwan tribes and the position of the Paiwanese people under such regulatory frameworks. Relevant cases collected from the district courts are analyzed, and the in-depth interviews with Paiwanese mediators, indigenous people and lawyers who dealt with relevant disputes are carried out. This article finds that judges, lawyers and local mediators resist hegemonic state law and try to preserve the community law of vusam inheritance in a variety of ways. However, state law enjoys a superior status over community law in terms of Article 1 of the Civil Code. Therefore, the legal status of indigenous peoples still cannot be improved. Moreover, the majority of interviewees who were the vusams of the family believed that the customary law of vusam inheritance should be codified, while most of the interviewees who were the younger siblings in the family tended to hold a more cautious attitude towards the codification of such customary law. Additionally, the binding force of such a customary law has been undermined by the patriarchal culture of Han people, the stigmatization of indigenous culture, and Christianity. It is also found that the dispute-resolution mechanism of "family council" practices in the Paiwan tribes might be an excellent alternative to settling the inheritance disputes of Paiwanese people. This article argues that Paiwanese people, including the vusams and younger siblings, should be able to determine whether and how the customary rule of vusam inheritance should be encoded as a statute, according to the discourse of legal pluralism and the concept of self-determination embedded in Article 1 of both ICCPR and the ICESCR.


A decentralized event-triggered control scheme is developed for the containment control problem. An estimate-based decentralized controller is designed for each agent so that it is only required to communicate with neighboring agents at discrete event times. These events are determined by a decentralized trigger function that only requires local information. Different from conventional strategies, the developed control approach does not require continuous communication with local neighboring follower agents for state feedback, reducing communication bandwidth. The event-triggered approach is facilitated by developing a positive constant lower bound on the inter-event interval, which indicates Zeno behavior is avoided. A Lyapunov-based convergence analysis is provided to indicate asymptotic convergence of the developed strategy.


We focus on the design of an encoded symbol degree distribution for Systematic Rateless Codes to be used for achieving fault tolerance in distributed storage systems. Major performance metrics for distributed storage codes are low repair locality, low encoding/decoding complexity and systematic encoding. In this work, we first evaluate the role of different encoded symbol degrees in ensuring low decoding overhead and low edge complexity. Then we propose the Truncated Poisson Distribution (TPD) to satisfy most of the identified distribution characteristics. To improve the overall symbol connectivity and hence achieve better decoding performance, we suggest a degree supplement to the TPD. The simulation results show that the proposed degree distribution achieves improved decoding performance when compared to using the well-known Robust Soliton Distribution (RSD) for generating encoded symbols in a systematic encoding scenario.


This is a qualitative research which aims to study the ways of life of Vietnamese-Thais residing in Sakon Nakhon. The study area is Mueang district of Sakon Nakhon province. The subjects are elderly people, community leaders, family heads, and the head of the Vietnamese-Thai Association. The study samples were selected from the aforementioned groups of subjects and were divided into 4 groups of 10 people. Data collection was conducted in various methods as follows: literature reviews, in-depth interviews, focus groups, participant observations, non-participant observations, and documentary data collection. The collected data was analyzed to arrive at the ways of life of Vietnamese-Thais in Mueang district of Sakon Nakhon province. It was found that when the Vietnamese took on all types of occupation when they first migrated intoThailand. The occupations they undertook were as follows: cultivation, poultry raising, butchery, carpentry, masonry, furniture making, and blacksmithing, etc. They gradually developed business networks with fellow Vietnamese immigrants of nearby provinces. Owing to their high endurance and diligence, the Vietnamese and Vietnamese-Thais became successful in their livelihood. The Vietnamese familial relationship observes mutual dependency and elders are still highly respected and depended on with faith by later generations. Vietnamese-Thais socialize by organizing group activities and celebrating festivities regularly. The Vietnamese culture is displayed by food, dressing and language, which are legacies bestowed upon later generations by their ancestors. Vietnamese-Thais prefer bland flavored food. On important days and festivals, they still collectively dress in their traditional Ao Dai costumes. Vietnamese-Thais also give precedence in transferring culture through language as a medium. The Vietnamese language is both spoken and written as modes of communication within family members and between fellow Vietnamese. Vietnamese-Thais observe many important festivities as such ancestral worshipping, soul release from purgatory rituals (Gong Tek), The Vietnamese New Year (Tet) and funeral arrangements, which are still adhered to and passed down since ancient times. The aforementioned aspects apparently illustrate the simple ways of life of the Vietnamese. The research suggests that there should be support for Vietnamese-Thais to conduct activities. Their ways of life as well as art and culture should be publicized for promotion into becoming tourist destination of the province. Furthermore, they should be offered opportunities to participate in political activities.


A protein comprising a DNA-binding domain of protein zinc finger engineered, wherein the DNA-binding domain comprises four recognition helices zinc finger as follows: F1: RSDNLSV (SEQ ID NO: 10) F2: QKINLQV (SEQ ID NO: 17) F3: RSDVLSE (SEQ ID NO: 12) F4: QRNHRTT (SEQ ID NO: 13).


Purpose – Influencing positive financial behaviors is the natural next frontier for social marketers to "get serious about", as there are clear behaviors that, once adopted by target populations, will improve the quality of life for individuals as well as society. The purpose of this paper is to describe a study conducted on behalf of the Consultive Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), an independent policy and research center dedicated to advancing financial access for the world's poor.Design/methodology/approach – The seven best practices presented in this paper are based on original research undertaken in 2009‐2010 which examined more than 100 cases around the world where a social marketing approach was used to influence a financial behavior.Findings – Relevant behaviors identified, including those related to establishing a bank account, increasing savings, using credit wisely, avoiding over indebtedness, applying for micro finance loans, adopting new technologies, reducing chances of fraud, choosing the r...


Packet classification plays a crucial role in various network functions such as access control and routing. In recent years, the rapid development of SDN and NFV poses new challenges for packet classification to support fast rule-set updates as introducing strong dynamics for the structure of networks. To this end, this paper proposes a novel scheme, TupleTree, to perform high-speed packet classification while providing fast rule-set update ability. TupleTree is a hybrid scheme combining decision tree and tuple space. In TupleTree, it organizes rules in a decision tree-like structure, but distributes rules in each node into child nodes through hashing rather than cutting or splitting. With the decision tree structure, for each classification, one leaf node containing a few rules can be rapidly indexed. Hence, a high classification performance can be achieved. Meanwhile, with hashing instead of cutting or splitting, it is easy to support fast rule-set updates due to having avoided the rule replication problem. Compared to state-of-the-art schemes that support fast rule-set updates, experimental results show that our proposed scheme achieves a classification performance improvement of 85% to 237% while retaining close update performance for large rule-sets.


Ten active principles (compounds 1-10) have been isolated following protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) assay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of the root of Polygonum cuspidatum. The chemical structures of the compounds were characterized mainly by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and physicochemical data. This is the first time that 9,10-anthraquinones (compounds 5-6) have been isolated from P. cuspidatum, and this is the first record of compound 9 from the genus Polygonum. Except for compound 4, all the isolates showed potential inhibitory activity against PTP1B with half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 values ranging from 6.3 to 28.9 µM. Furthermore, a kinetic study indicated mixed-competitive inhibition with PTP1B for compounds 2 and 9 and noncompetitive inhibition for compounds 3 and 6. In addition, compounds 2, 3, 6, and 9 also induced the 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) amino]-d-glucose uptake stimulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at concentrations of 10 and 5 µM. Taken together, the results reveal that P. cuspidatum could be a new source of natural compounds for further research and development of antidiabetic agents.


A country's foreign policy is the most important thing in the continuity of relations with other countries, but does not leave behind the values that apply in the domestic sphere. Policy makers need to consider domestic interests in order to set the policies. The policy of installing the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile system in South Korea was determined in response to a North Korean nuclear test. However, this policy caused various negative reactions from domestic and other countries. Furthermore, negative reactions also comes from other countries such as China for several reasons of their objections. This study aims to determine the factors that cause changes in South Korea's foreign policy in the installation of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile system. This study uses the Upper-left Box Liberalism theory with an actor-centrational rationalist approach. This type of research is qualitative which aims to understand the process of changing a country's foreign policy. The results of the research are domestic interests and international restrains influence a country in establishing its foreign policy. For further research, the authors suggest discussing this case with other views or theories so that they can be seen from various perspectives. Moreover, the discussion of South Korea's policies in the installation of anti-missiles can be seen from the point of view of other countries that the authors are unable to discuss further and more detail.


The present invention provides a method for selective preparation of acetaldehyde, characterized in that acrolein and one or more ammonium salts dissolved in water, is continuously reacted under high pressure, a temperature of 300 to 400 ° C. It relates to a method for the. .BACKGROUND


Objective: To study the effects of sucrose, citric buffer and glucose oxidase on the stability of captopril in liquid formulations.


Despite the growing interest in the therapeutic potential of propolis, limited attention has been paid to the chemical composition and biological activity of water extract propolis produced by Malaysian stingless bees. Thus, this study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition and antibacterial potential of ethanolic extract propolis (EEP) and water extract propolis (WEP) of the stingless bee species, Heterotrigona itama against ten pathogenic bacteria. The phytochemical analysis of the extracts was carried out using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The antibacterial activity was determined using the disc-diffusion, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The GC-MS analysis of EEP exhibited four volatile compounds including hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane, 2-hydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one, 2-coumaranone, and diethyl bis(trimethylsilyl) ester silicic acid. However, only two compounds were identified in WEP, consisting of 2-(acetoxymethyl)-3-(methoxycarbonyl)biphenylene, and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane. EEP showed the highest antibacterial activity against all Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans) with values of the inhibition zones ranging from 7 to 10 mm. However, both extracts showed no antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, except WEP, which displayed an inhibition zone of 9.33 ± 1.53 mm against Escherichia coli. Meanwhile, EEP showed the lowest MIC and MBC values against M. luteus at 70 and 280 μg/mL, respectively. The results revealed the presence of several volatile compounds in the EEP of H. itama which could contribute to its antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria.


Another site visit illuminates how this happens. Roisin is accompanied by Rob, one of the more senior architects in the practice. The plot has an extensive garden, originally part of the grounds of a bigger Victorian mansion. There is already a house, built in the 1980s. The clients, a middle-aged couple with two children, have acquired the site with a view to demolishing the house and rebuilding. Roisin has been working on initial ideas prior to the site visit. The project is being overseen by Rob. Originally a product designer, he changed direction and retrained as an architect in his late twenties. Though he is deferential to Roisin and respectful of her work, his pronouncements seem subtly to carry more weight. This may partly be an artifact of his greater experience but also manifests itself as a form of distancing from the details of the project: he has oversight in the sense of seeing more through seeing less of these distractions. Both have surveyed maps. Rob remarks on notable trees, conscious there may be tree preservation orders. He is using his phone, held outstretched, to take pictures. He observes the site through its screen, his engagement with the site literally framed by the camera and the photographic conventions that govern its architectural use. "You can never take too many," he observes, joking that however many pictures you take, the crucial view is always missing when you get back to the office. As much as these are personal aide-mémoires, they are also intended to convey the site to others in the office....


Brain tumors and neurological surgeries can lead to seizures. In the non-convulsive epileptic status the electroencephalographic abnormalities are associated with minimum or no motor manifestations. It is responsible for approximately 20% of all epileptic status and currently it has been increasingly recognized in comatose patients. In this review the authors emphasize for early diagnosis and treatment of this often overlooked entity.


Silicon nanowires are among the most promising nanotechnology building blocks in innovative devices with numerous applications as nanoelectromechanical systems. Downscaling the physical size of these devices and optimization of material functionalities by engineering their structure are two promising strategies for further enhancement of their performance for integrated circuits and future-generation sensors and actuators. Integration of silicon nanowires as transduction elements for inertial sensor applications is one prominent example for an intelligent combination of such building blocks for multiple functionalities within a single sensor. Currently, the efforts in this field are marred by the lack of batch fabrication techniques compatible with semiconductor manufacturing. Development of new fabrication techniques for such one-dimensional structures will eliminate the drawbacks associated with assembly issues. The current study aims to explore the limits of batch fabrication for a single nanowire within a thick Si layer. The objective of the current work goes beyond the state of the art with significant improvements to the recent viable approach on the monolithic fabrication of nanowires, which was based on a conformal side-wall coating for the protection of the nanoscale silicon line followed by deep etch of the substrate transforming the protected layer into a silicon nanowire. The newly developed fabrication approach eliminates side wall protection and thereby reduces both process complexity and process temperature. The technique yields promising results with possible improvements for future micro and nanofabrication processes.


Background: During March 2020 to September 2022, more than 1 million COVID-19–involved deaths occurred in the United States (1). As described by Shiels and colleagues (2), COVID-19 deaths during March to December 2020 and January to October 2021 were similar. However, COVID-19–involved deaths increased among younger persons and decreased among older adults in 2021 versus 2020 (2), reflecting excess premature mortality from COVID-19. Objective: We endeavored to quantify this downward age shift in COVID-19–involved deaths, which required an ageweighted metric. Unlike the mortality metric, the measure of years of life lost (YLL) (3) offers an indicator of prematuremortality based on the estimated number of years a person would have lived if they had not died prematurely. We therefore sought to estimate YLL associated with leading causes of U.S. death duringmatched 10-month intervals in 2020 and 2021. Methods and Findings: Mortality data from March to December in 2020 and 2021 were obtained from CDCWONDER (Centers for Disease Control and PreventionWide-rangingONline Data for Epidemiologic Research), an integrated system of publicuse data sets spanning public health topics (1). Age-specific standard life expectancies were obtained from the 2017 World Population Prospects and World Health Organization Global Health Estimate, providing frontier-period life expectancy projections for the year 2050 to represent lifespans thought to be achieved by a substantial number of people alive at the time of this analysis (3, 4). Absolute YLL due to cause of death c, in population of age a during interval t were defined as YLL (c, a, t) = D(c, a, t) SLE(a), where D represents the number of deaths and SLE represents standard life expectancy (3). For the 15 leading causes of death, YLL were estimated, comparing March to December 2020 with March to December 2021 to minimize the effects of seasonal variation in mortality on the comparator intervals. Data were analyzed in Python version


Predicting the performance of individual components of information retrieval systems, in particular the complex interactions between those components, is still challenging. Therefore, professionals are needed for the implementation and configuration of retrieval systems and retrieval components. Our web-based application, called Xtrieval Web Lab, enables newcomers and learners to gain practical knowledge about the information retrieval process. They can arrange a multitude of components of retrieval systems and evaluate them with real world data without utilizing a programming language. Game mechanics guide the learners in their discovery process and motivate them.


Abstract. 1. Sex ratio in the ectoparasitoid, Diglyphus begini (Ashmead), attacking larvae of the dipterous leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) in glasshouse marigolds, is best depicted by a model where sex ratio varies as a function of host size.


ABSTRACT Quality of fresh-cut onion subjected to different cut types The high perishability of the onion has limited its conservation period and caused great post-harvest losses. The need of consuming fresh products has led the market of minimally processed products to considerably rise. Cut operations during the minimal processing may not only cause important biochemical reactions in the onion tissues, but also affect its sensorial quality, resulting in a drastic reduction in the post-harvest life of the product. In this study the influence of different cut types was assessed on the quality of minimally processed onions. 'Baia Periforme' onions were transported to the laboratory, where they were selected, cleaned, classified, peeled, minimally processed into slices, grated and chopped, and subsequently sanitized for 10 minutes in sodium hypochlorite at 100 mg L -1 . The product was kept on polystyrene trays covered with plastic film (PVC) as 80 g portions and conserved in a cold chamber at 5±1


Due to the growing world population and the enormous progress in technology over the last decades, there is an increasing demand on energy. To date, the worlds energy needs are mainly covered by the combustion of fossil fuels like natural gas, oil or coal. However, besides the limited availability in the future, combustion of fossil fuels is harmful to human health and the released gases contribute to global warming. An alternative and more sustainable energy source would be the sun since the solar energy that reaches the surface of the earth can already cover the worlds energy demands, but efficient solar energy conversion and storage is a challenge. Natural photosynthesis offers a blueprint for such processes. In this thesis, fundamental processes relevant for artificial photosynthesis are investigated to gain better understanding of and to improve future artificial systems.

Electron transfer over large distances is one of the major processes involved in photosynthesis. In the first project of this thesis (Chapter 3), the distance dependence of electron-transfer rates in donor-photosensitizer-acceptor triads, with either a low (ca. 1.2 eV in TAA-ph$_{n}$-Ru-ph$_{n}$-NDI) or a high (ca. 2.0 eV in TPA-ph$_{n}$-Ir-ph$_{n}$-AQ) driving force for thermal charge recombination, was studied. Symmetrical addition of phenyl spacers allowed the elongation of the donor-acceptor distances in the given triads (n =1,2). Earlier investigations in the WENGER group, on a comparable molecular triad with a driving force of ca. 1.6 eV, revealed an increase of the electron-transfer rate with increasing donor-acceptor distance. This was the first unambiguous experimental proof for a counterintuitive phenomenon that was predicted more than 20 years ago. To increase the understanding of this counterintuitive phenomenon, a systematic investigation regarding the influence of the driving force for thermal charge recombination was performed. The results of this project showed that highly exergonic electron-transfer reactions can exhibit fundamentally different distance dependences than the more commonly investigated weakly exergonic electron transfers. Elongation of the donor-acceptor distance in the set of triads with a low driving force resulted in a decrease of the electron-transfer rate. On the other hand, for the sets of triads with a high driving force, an increase of the transfer rate was observed upon elongation. These observations are in agreement with the MARCUS theory of electron transfer. For low driving forces of ca. 1.2 eV, electron transfer proceeds in an activationless manner in the shorter triad, whereas the electron-transfer step takes place in the normal regime of the MARCUS model in the longer compound. Thus, a decrease of the electron-transfer rate with increasing donor-acceptor distance results. At high driving forces of ca. 2.0 eV, thermal charge recombination in the shorter triad occurs in the inverted regime. With elongation of the system, activationless electron transfer can be observed. As a consequence, the electron-transfer rate for thermal charge recombination in the triads with a high driving force increases with elongation of the donor-acceptor distance.

Charge-separated states (CSSs) are key intermediates in natural photosynthesis. Therefore, the second project in this thesis (Chapter 4) investigated the highly energetic CSSs of the iridium-based triads introduced in Chapter 3 in more detail. In particular, quantitative determinations of the quantum yields for CSS formation were performed to gain more insights into the factors that govern the CSS formation efficiency. Additionally, two-pulse laser experiments revealed the fate of the CSSs after absorption of a second photon. The CSS formation quantum yield reached ca. 80% when the formation proceeded via an MLCT transition. Admixture of an intraligand charge transfer (CT) transition, which is exclusively possible in the shorter triad, decreased the quantum yield significantly and gave rise to an unusual wavelength-dependence of the CSS quantum yield. One key finding of the investigations in this project is that light-induced charge recombination shows opposite behavior compared to thermal charge recombination in terms of their distance dependences. Thermal charge recombination in the longer triad was significantly more efficient than in the shorter one. However, light-induced charge recombination is much more efficient in the shorter triad.

In nature, the Z-scheme can be seen as the ʽheart' of light-dependent natural photosynthesis and can be regarded as one of the most important processes in life. A detailed understanding of the Z-scheme is therefore highly desirable. However, molecular mimics of the Z-scheme are scarce. In the third project of this thesis (Chapter 5), a purely organic molecular mimic of the photosynthetic Z-scheme was designed. Like in nature, two photosystems are incorporated into the molecular design. Each photosystem is represented by a dyad (NMI-TPDB and PT-TAA) and the photosystems are linked with each other by a ${p}$-(di-${n}$-hexyl)phenyl (hxy) spacer to afford a tetrad. To estimate if the approach of the tetrad was promising enough to pursue, reference dyads (NMI-TPDB, TPDB-PT and PT-TAA) were developed. While the successful synthesis of PT-TAA is still pending, the applicability of NMI-TPDB as one photosystem and the introduced linker between the two dyads were verified. NMI-TPDB formed a CSS after excitation with visible light whereas the hxy spacer minimized the possibility of a CT transition between the TPDB and PT units. A weak CT absorption band could be observed, but thermal charge recombination after excitation with visible light occurred rapidly and no CSS formation was detectable. Based on these results, further investigations of this all-organic tetrad approach seem to be very promising.


This paper indicates that the occurrence characteristics of geo-thermal resources in the research area appears layer-like,immediately controlled by geothermal field,and banding-like, controlled by tectonic conditions.The authors suggest that comprehensive measures should be applied in geo-thermal prospecting and study.


A loyalty program introduces a new currency -- the points -- through which customers transact with a firm. We study the problem of optimally setting the monetary value of points, i.e., pricing in this new currency, in a multi-period setting. We first show that point pricing is different from cash pricing primarily due to the way points are accounted for, as liabilities on the firm's balance sheet. This introduces subtle channels through which the firm's decisions affect its financial performance, and exacerbates the importance of certain managerial considerations such as taxation or earnings smoothing incentives.We characterize the optimal cash and point pricing policies, and find that they mimic "base-stock, list price'' policies in inventory management. In particular, point prices/values are always set so that the total value of points reaches a "base-stock'' target, and cash prices are charged so as to maximize the firm's cash flows under the optimal loyalty point values. Under a profit-maximizing policy, the total value of loyalty points is set independently of the firm's realized financial performance. In contrast, we find that under the aforementioned managerial considerations, the optimal value of points becomes state-dependent, and is increasing (decreasing) under strong (weak) operating performance. In this sense, our work shows that loyalty points can act as a hedging tool against uncertainty in future performance, providing a new rationale for their existence, even in the absence of competition.


Branches of field grown loblolly pine trees growing under four different water and fertility regimes were exposed continuously to three different CO[sub 2] environments for a growing season. There were four trees in each of the soil regimes (control, fertilized, irrigated, and fertilized and irrigated). Three branches on each tree were individually enclosed in chambers containing CO[sub 2] environments of ambient, ambient plus 175ppm, or ambient plus 350ppm. Data were collected on terminal extension, diameter, needle length, needle number, and needle longevity. The positive impact of elevated CO[sub 2] was greatest on both of the irrigated treatments. In the plus 175ppm and plus 350ppm environments, respectively, the growth increases were 9% and 23% for the fertilized and irrigated trees and 41% and 59% for the irrigated only trees. There was no apparent impact of CO[sub 2] on needle number or needle longevity.


The current developmental trends in military composite explosive are reviewed.The research and application situation of high explosives containing new energetic materials such as high energy density compounds and nano-energetic materials is introduced.Pointing out that it is an important technical way to increase the available energy of metallic explosives by the combust reaction between powdered metallic fuel and atmospheric oxygen.The vital importance of the applied technologies of explosives in warheads and munitions for enhancing damage power was emphasized.With 19 references.


The utility model discloses a multimedia transmission system which comprises the following components: a conversion module which is connected with a smart mobile phone, is used for receiving output of the smart phone and converts the received multimedia format to HDMI format; a wireless transmission module which is connected with the conversion module, is used for converting the read HDMI-format multimedia to WHDI-format multimedia and transmits WHDI-format multimedia; and a wireless receiving module which is connected with a player, is used for receiving the WHDI-format multimedia and converts the WHDI-format multimedia to the HDMI-format multimedia for outputting to the player for playing. According to the technical solution for the multimedia transmission system provided by the utility model, the player can be used for playing high-definition multimedia files in the smart mobile phone, and the user experience is improved. Furthermore, selection of a corresponding conversion module is required for aiming at different smart mobile phones. No change for the smart mobile phone or player is required and the cost is reduced.


Erythropoiesis was suppressed in CDF1 female mice using one of three different techniques: hypertransfusion, daily injections of low doses of actinomycin D, or post‐hypobaric polycythemia. Spleens and bone marrows of these mice contained increased numbers of stem cells as determined by transplantation into lethally irradiated syngeneic mice. These stem cells were capable of producing both erythrocytic and granulocytic progeny. An increase in the number of multipotential stem cells or increases in the numbers of both unipotential granulocytic and erythrocytic stem cells is compatible with these observations and implies that hematopoietic stem cells may have a basic rate of division that is in part independent of stimuli to differentiate. The implications of these findings for the possible modification of antineoplastic drug‐induced bone marrow toxicity are discussed.


The Conselho Federal de Cultura was created in November 1966, and was active for more than 20 years. The period between the end of the 60s and the end of the 70s should be analyzed as a special moment as far Brazilian federal government action upon culture is concerned. This article approaches the actions of the Conselho Federal de Cultura between 1971 and 1974, in order to recover the map and the memory of state actions in terms of cultural policies.


Abstract When Dr C. R. Laws (1936) revised the Pliocene faunule at Kaawa Creek, on the west coast of Auckland 8 miles south of Waikato Heads, he added to the list of bivalves the species Bassina parva Marwick, on the basis of four left valves which he stated were more elongate and lighter in the hinge but otherwise agreed well with topotypes. When Marwick (1927) described B. parva from Okauawa Creek, Hawke's Bay (Nukumaruan), he wrongly stated that his illustrations (pl. 47, figs. 153, 155) were natural size, but they are in fact twice the dimensions of the holotype, an error that doubtless influenced Laws in his identification of the larger specimens from Kaawa.


2.4 GHz ISM band constitute of many Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) technologies such as INSTEON, IrDA, Wireless USB, Bluetooth, Z-Wave, ZigBee, Body Area Network and Wireless Local Area network (WLAN) technologies such as Wi-Fi. Among these vast technologies, Bluetooth, ZigBee and Wi-Fi are the most popular and preferred ones. Now-a-days these technologies are used in industrial as well as medical applications, to mention a few. Therefore performance analysis and improvement of these three technologies needs to be taken care of. This paper aims at evaluating the performance of these three leading technologies using two different parameters such as Bit Error Rate (BER) and Packet Error Rate (PER). When data is transmitted over a data link, there is a possibility of errors being introduced into the system. If errors are introduced into the data, then the integrity of the system may be compromised. As a result, it is necessary to assess the performance of the system, for which BER and PER provides an ideal way to achieve it. The BER and PER curves are plot against Signal-to-Noise Ratio (Es/No) for AWGN channels. The result highlights that when Signal-to-Noise ratio increases, BER and PER of the above mentioned technologies decreases. Also, the most preferred technology in WPAN i.e. ZigBee is having very low BER as compared to other technologies. The evaluation is performed using Simulink tool. General Terms Wireless, Performance, Parameters, Analysis.


BACKGROUND: Cancer is one of the leading causes of non-communicable diseases in the world, with about 10 million deaths worldwide in 2020. Lung cancer was the most common type of cancer and the highest cause of death. Therapy for lung cancer can be either conventional therapy or molecular targeted therapy that has many limitations.

AIM: It is, therefore, important to explore new sources of anticancer activity, including those from plants. One plant that is thought to have anticancer activity is Sesewanua (Clerodendrum fragrans [Vent.] Willd. Syn. Clerodendrum chinense [Osbeck] Mabb., Family Lamiaceae).

METHODS: This research is a laboratory experiment. The sample used is the C. fragrans leaves obtained in Malalayang I Timur Village, Malalayang District, Manado City, North Sulawesi Province, while the subjects in this study were A549 lung cancer cells from Cell-Culture Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung. Anticancer activity test was using the MTT tetrazolium assay method. Data in the form of a percentage (%) inhibition of cell proliferation, then determined the value the concentration of 50% proliferation inhibition (IC50) using a computer program online.

RESULTS: The results showed that ethanol extract, hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water-soluble fraction of C. fragrans had anticancer activity on A549 lung cancer cells. The smallest IC50 value is indicated by ethyl acetate fraction (191, 165 ppm), which is categorized as moderately active.


The solvolysis rate retardations caused by substitution of 1, 2, and 3 deuterium atoms in one methyl group of tbutyl chloride are not quite cumulative; the isotope effect per deuterium increases slightly as the number of deuterium atoms increases. The previously proposed conformational dependence of the BETA - deuterium isotope effect quantitatively predicts just such a trend. The retardations caused by complete deuteration of 1, 2, and 3 methyl groups are more nearly cumulative.


PART I: HUMAN FACTORS Human Factors Traditional Training of Pilots Principles of Human Learning The Senses - Vision The Senses - Hearing The Senses - Mechanical Other Senses Environment Health Stress Psychological Factors Evaluation of Performance Maintenance of Skills Advanced Aviation Systems Future of Human Factors in the Training of Pilots for Commercial Air Carriers PART II: APPLICATIONS AND HINTS FROM THE YEARS Preflight Take Off En Route Landing Emergencies and Survival Finding Out Why Miscellaneous References Index


The present invention relates to an inspection instrument carriage for the motor. Such a motor has a stator and a rotor rotating relative to the spindle and has a cylindrical shape around the spindle. A rotor mounted in the major axis direction of the stator cylindrical cavity and an air gap. Such instruments may be introduced into the carrier air gap along the major axis, and movable in the air gap. Many opposing roller disposed in a plane perpendicular to the spindle. Each roller are fixed on the frame, and rotatable about a respective axis of rotation, rotating shaft perpendicular to the spindle axis. This instrument without prior dismantling carriage can be introduced into the rotor with an air gap inspection device can freely and auxiliary devices. Such instruments can move the carriage in the air gap, because it is directly supported on the stator, and is inclined so there is no risk of jamming.


more than political history. Up to now the political culture of Russian and Soviet leadership shows important continuities: the relationships on which leadership has rested in the Soviet period have deep cultural and psychological roots; leadership methods and styles have persisted through dramatic changes in the political structure. Books on die Gorbachev era that are written with an awareness of its roots or which provide evidence concerning them will remain useful as a baseline for assessing the politics of the post-Soviet era that now appears to be dawning. The Mitchell study begins with a model of Soviet succession processes as a central component of political decision-making. Each succession of top leadership was not a "crisis" in the sense of threatening the foundations of the system, nor was it a state of affairs that the system could not cope with effectively. The actual selection of a new general secretary must be viewed in the context of the general circulation of upper elites, a systemic function which followed its own rather predictable rules. Furdiermore, according to Mitchell, each succession formed part of a larger cycle of policy and personnel changes. In terms of policy, this meant a four-stage sequence: announcement of new policies; selective initiation of new (and old) policies when power was somewhat consolidated; compromises, diverging policies, half-baked solutions to problems; and finally stalemate and inaction. Policy changes, including the Gorbachev initiatives through fall 1989 when this book went to press, have amounted to litde more than tinkering with the existing system. The Archie Brown collection includes studies by T. H. Rigby, John H. Miller, Robert V. Daniels, Marie Mendras and Brown himself. It went to press at the end of 1988, at a time when Gorbachev appeared fairly secure in his consolidation of power and his management of decisive, though so far limited, reforms. It is no surprise, therefore, that the system and structure over which Gorbachev dien presided was die familiar inherited one and that his personal management of it gets high positive ratings from all of the authors. It is also not surprising that these studies see conservative bureaucratic interests as the main limitation on Gorbachev's power, as of 1988— Daniels notes "die haunting lesson of the overdirow of Khrushchev." John Miller's penetrating study deals widi the very definition of patronage relationships and establishes a typology for them. In so doing, he successfully de-mystifies the patron-client relationship and its importance in appointments to top Party posts. By the Gorbachev era, patronage at diis level was for the most part institutionalized and rationalized, either because the General Secretary himself was die patron or because of a phenomenon which Miller calls "collective patronage," support by a body rauher than by an individual. It is precisely well conceived studies like this that will help future Russia-watchers determine whether a future democratic political system is in fact reverting by stages to the ways of the old communist-era oligarchy.


There has been much recent talk about the possibility of the Coalition government falling before the parliamentary term is up. Chris Hanretty uses a quantitative statistical model to suggest that this is indeed probable, and that the best prediction indicates the government will fall in October 2014.


The work presented herein demonstrates that creative design is not a process, but rather should be represented in terms of the dynamics of clusters of creative design activities that represent the interplay between the behaviour of creative design and its context. The clusters of creative design activities are associated with the focus aimed at achieving a certain task. We show that there are four types of focus for clusters of creative design activities identified with respect to a desired output to be produced. The outputs are termed: scope, ideas, prototypes, and product. The research has also shown that there are four levels of granularity of focus clusters of creative design activities depending on relationships between different outputs. The switching focus between the clusters of design activities can be seen according to three types of contextualised cues: dreamer, realist, and critic.


A nonvolatile memory device and a reading method thereof are provided to improve operation characteristics of the device by reducing a leakage current of a bit line during cell data read operation of the nonvolatile memory device. A nonvolatile memory device includes a plurality of word lines and a plurality of main bit lines orthogonal with the word lines. A plurality of cell blocks include a plurality of cell strings comprising a first and a second selection transistor and a plurality of cells selected by the word line as being serially connected between the first and the second selection transistor. A plurality of sub bit lines are connected to the cell string in an equal group where the plurality of cell groups are divided. A plurality of selection parts(220-283) are connected to the main bit line by selecting one of the sub bit lines. A plurality of page buffers(210) sense data of the cell through the main bit line.


Vocabularies are linguistic resources that make it possible to access knowledge through words. They can constitute a mechanism to identify, describe, explore, and access all the digital resources with informational content pertaining to a specific knowledge domain. In this regard, they play a key role as systems for the representation and organization of knowledge in environments in which content is created and used in a collaborative and free manner, as is the case of social wikis and blogs on the Internet or educational content in e-learning environments. In e-learning environments, electronic vocabularies (e-vocabularies) constitute a mechanism for conceptual representation of digital educational resources. They enable human and software agents either to locate and interpret resource content in large digital repositories, including the web, or to use them (vocabularies) as an educational resource by itself to learn a discipline terminology. This review article describes what e-vocabularies are, what they are like, how they are used, how they work, and what they contribute to the retrieval of digital educational resources. The goal is to contribute to a clearer view of the concepts which we regard as crucial to understand e-vocabularies and their use in the field of e-learning to describe and retrieve digital educational resources.


This commentary addresses the issues involved in moving chiropractic research from a disease focus to the promotion of wellness. Such a move represents a paradigm shift, from a mechanist/reductionist perspective toward a complex systems approach. It is essential to understand that research questions arise from the paradigm; they do not question the paradigm itself. Asking research questions from a complex systems perspective focusing on wellness will necessitate expanded and more sophisticated use of epidemiological methods. The burgeoning field of Whole Systems Research also holds promise for wellness research in chiropractic. In both chiropractic practice and research, it is important that all components of a wellness model of care be recognised.


KLINEFELTER, Reifenstein and Albright (1) were the first to describe this syndrome of testicular deficiency, which apparently starts at puberty and involves the whole testis. The chief clinical, humoral and histologic characteristics which they noted were: 1) small testes, the size of a chickpea or medium-sized grape, localized in a normally developed scrotum; 2) onset at puberty; 3) azoospermia, or very few spermatozoa present in the semen; 4) an increase in the urinary excretion of hypophyseal gonadotropins; 5) a testicular histologic pattern which shows disappearance of the germ cells (few spermatogonia can be seen), hyalinization of the tubules and morphologic alterations of the Leydig and Sertoli cells; 6) gynecomastia appearing at puberty; 7) usually a reduction in the urinary excretion of neutral 17-ketosteroids, although in some cases it is normal; and 8) usually no clinical manifestations of androgenic deficiency. Later, Heller and Nelson (2) demonstrated in similar cases that gynecomastia is not...


Abstract The Asian financial crisis marked a turning point in financial development in East Asia that brought the development of bond markets within the focus of policy-makers. This paper tracks the benefits of an advanced bond market, the current state of the East Asian corporate and government bond markets and their rapid evolution since the Asian crisis. Subsequently, a multivariate model is used to determine the endogenous economic and institutional factors that drove growth in the region's bond markets. The following findings may be noted: (1) growth in the government bond market was driven by the monetary sterilisation efforts of East Asian central banks in order to cope with excessive liquidity, (2) the government bond market may crowd out the corporate bond market, and (3) the corporate bond market grew particularly strongly during the global financial crisis.


The The apartment is a place to live that can accommodate the daily activities of every occupant. However, every apartment dweller must have a vehicle that must be facilitated in a comfortable place without having to have a parking area, sometimes even some vehicle owners who exceed the provisions. This causes the parking lot to become irregular and hinders access to and from vehicles. Even though there are security officers who manage the apartment, sometimes there are still irregularities in the apartment area. But not all of the fault lies with the occupants because there may be residents who are in a hurry, so there is no time to look for an empty parking space. Therefore, a tool was created to calculate the number of vehicles that exit automatically using Infrared and PIR sensors that are connected to the Arduino Uno. But the Infrared and PIR sensors can also determine the speed of the vehicle through these two sensors using the mile calculation and display the results with the unit value of KM/H. This automatic calculator will be tested using yahoo K-Means and Naive Bayes to see the level of accuracy in the design of the tool. The results obtained after testing 100 data using the Naive Bayes method are 95%. Then the design of this tool can function properly and can help security performance to more easily monitor the parking area.


At extremely low frequencies (ELF), the resonances in the spherical shell between the earth and the ionosphere are excited by natural thunderstorm activity. The frequencies of resonance are determined by the dimensions of the cavity and the conductivities of the earth and the ionosphere. Pronounced resonance 'mode splitting' has been observed during periods of high solar activity. After a detailed statistical analysis of ELF data recorded at University of Rhode Island, USA and relevant geo-physical parameters during a major solar event (August, 1972), very significant correlation was found between observation of 'split' resonance peaks and maxima of solar proton flux. Results of the statistical analysis have shown that the resonance line splitting is directly related to the enhancement of the solar proton flux and thereby increased ionization in the D-region of the ionosphere.


Learning in writing short stories makes learners being capable of conveying ideas, personal experience based on cultural context that forms the personal character. However, the learning media of writing short stories is not yet available and has not been examined. Therefore, this research aims at developing the learning media in writing short story using synectic model. Research was designed using development model of 4-D Thiagarajan. The subjects were the sixth-grade students majoring in Indonesian language and literature academic 2009, UniversitasNegeri Makassar. The results showed that: (1) the validity of learning model product, namely, planning model 4.7 (very valid), material model is 4.5 ( (very valid). Evaluation model is 4.6 (very valid); (2) the practicality aspects of component syntax of synectic and are met entirely, (3) learning media is effective.
 Keyword: Development, learning media, writing short stories, synectic model


The synthesis of silicon and silicon-based quantum dots (diameter < 5 nm) is discussed. Specifically the synthesis of Si-based quantum dots (QDs) by atmospheric pressure plasmas is reviewed and the most recent developments are also reported. Atmospheric pressure plasmas are then compared with other synthesis methods that include low pressure plasmas, wet chemistry, electrochemical etching and laser-based methods. Finally, progress in the synthesis of alloyed silicon QDs is discussed where the nanoscale Si–Sn and Si–C systems are reported. The report also includes a theoretical analysis that highlights some fundamental differences offered by plasmas at atmospheric pressure and that may provide opportunities for novel materials with advantageous properties.


Human genome editing is the most consequential genetic technology for precision medicine to emerge in many years. Although genome-editing techniques have been available for more than a decade, the recently developed CRISPR-Cas9 system, in particular, has become the genome-editing technology of choice because of its ease of use and efficiency. Theoretically, the uses of genome-editing technology in humans can be divided into two major branches: the use in somatic cells for treating or preventing disease, and the use in gametes or embryos for research or germline modification in human reproduction. From that division, these branches diverge in terms of ethical, social and political impacts, and they also diverge with respect to regulatory responses from governments and professional organizations and the development of consensus norms. Already, genome-editing technologies are in human clinical trials, and genome-editing experiments on viable human embryos have been conducted. This article will situate genome editing in the lineage of human genetic modification technologies that originated in the 1970s. It will then briefly describe the major branches of application for human genome-editing technology, summarize the state of technical developments as of this writing, and provide a short overview of the relevant U.S. regulatory responses to date and those that may develop in the future.


An attempt is made to discuss the tremendous potential of clean electricity to overcome the energy and environmental challenges face by the world. The renewable sources of energy (RE), mainly solar energy, wind power, and hydropower, including geothermal and biomass have given great emphasis in the hunger search for cheap, continuous, and sustainable energy. The world has gone through many research and technological challenges to surpass the conventional sources of carbon-based energy production, to encounter environmental pollution. We have tried to address some of the specific constraints that hinder the development of solar and other RE sources. Appropriate referential statistical data has been provided to evaluate the race for sustainable green and clean energy over a conventional one. The development and progress of the photovoltaic cells have proven to be a long run companion to meet the green and clean energy in the present and future.


Qinghaosu and Yingzhaosu are two peroxy - containing antimalarial constituents isolated from Chinese medicinal herbs. Qinghaosu has become a novel antimalarial drug and is interesting to synthetic organic chemists. This paper summarizes their total syntheses.


This paper describes the numerical study performed on the full scale Scramjet engines mounted on the sounding rocket at M=6.0 flight condition. CFD code PARAS3D augmented with Hydrogen-air combustion chemistry model was primarily used as a design and analysis tool throughout the configuration evolution and final mission plan. In this paper, the mechanism of supersonic combustion has been explained and comparison of flight data and CFD estimates for pressure distribution inside the engine are presented. The auto-ignition and supersonic combustion resulting in the subsequent pressure rise within the combustion chamber as predicted by CFD is in good agreement with the flight data. This establishes the confidence on the Hydrogen chemistry model incorporated in PARAS3D.


In order to improve the work efficiency and reduce the cost of enterprises, the management mode of enterprise's purchase, sale and storage must be highly integrated with information technology. This system uses PHP, MySQL, Apache, Bootstrap front-end framework and other technologies to design an easy-to-operate purchase, sale and storage system, in order to achieve the systematization, standardization and automation of enterprise information management. A architecture of separation of presentation layer, business layer and data layer is realized by using ThinkPHP development framework, which is convenient for development, management and expansion.


This note describes an aggressive interaction between a crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous and a hoary fox Pseudalopex vetulus observed on a cattle farm in the south of Goiás State, Central Brazil. The crab-eating fox chased and displaced the hoary fox, which was foraging at night in a pasture near a forest fragment. It is believed to be the first report of interference competition between these species. Introduction Interference competition occurs when individuals are directly antagonistic towards each other, generally involving behavioural, often aggressive interaction (Schoener 1983). Among carnivores, aggression between competing species may limit population distribution and abundance through spatial avoidance (Tannerfeldt et al. 2002; Kamler et al. 2003) and predation (Palomares and Caro 1999; Donadio and Buskirk 2006). Thus, interference competition has important implications Lemos et al. Competition between crab-eating and hoary fox for carnivore conservation and management programmes (Linnell and Strand 2000; Glen and Dickman 2005). The crab-eating fox has a wide distribution in South America, ranging from northern Colombia and Venezuela to Paraguay, Uruguay, northern Argentina and most of Brazil (Courtenay and Maffei 2004). The hoary fox is restricted to central Brazil (Dalponte and Courtenay 2004). Although previous studies have compared resource and habitat use of these species in sympatry (Juarez and MarinhoFilho 2002; Jácomo et al. 2004), there are no data on interference competition. The objective of this paper is to describe an aggressive interaction between a crab-eating fox and a hoary fox observed in the field.


The effect of plasmonic structures having different shape and size on the light emission properties of color center containing nanodiamond structures was studied. The results show that these parameters are of great importance and can influence the luminescence intensity emitted by the color centers. The optimization of the plasmonic structure geometry for a specific color center can enhance efficiently the light-matter interaction, and the intensity of light emitted by the color center can be increased.


A novel method using digital streak photography technique based on line-scan camera is proposed in order to circle out the problem in the digital improvement of the traditional streak facility in test range.The projectile's stereo images were firstly collected by using a calibrated line-scan camera and a mirror,and then some special points were picked to compute the initial guess of the projectile's velocity and attitude.The initial guess was further refined by using an optimization model established on the matching measure of the simulated and the real images contours.The speed and the attack angle were ultimately obtained.The accuracy of the estimation was experimentally tested.


Accurate simulation of detonations and explosions presents severe challenges for numerical methods. The method must be able to capture strong shocks as well as to accurately compute the turbulent shear flows that frequently arise as a result of the explosion. Shock capturing methods have significant numerical dissipation to prevent generating unphysical oscillations near the shock, but this dissipation tends to smear out fine-scale turbulent structures in the flow. On the other hand, highly accurate numerical schemes developed to simulate smooth flow tend to produce unphysical oscillations in regions of strong gradients and/or discontinuities. In order to solve this dilemma, a new hybrid method has been developed, that couples a high-resolution shock capturing method with a high-order finite-volume method. The shock capturing method is used only near discontinuities, while the high-order finite-volume method computes the remainder of the flow. The baseline code, LESLIE3D, is a well-established solver (1; 2; 3) used for LES and DNS studies for turbulent reacting single and two-phase flows. The baseline solver is second-order accurate in time and second or fourth-order accurate in space. For LES applications, it employs a localized dynamics model for the subgrid kinetic energy. Reaction-diffusion processes can be modeled with many approaches (depending upon applications), such as subgrid eddy break-up, flamelet models, and a new subgrid simulation approach called linear-eddy mixing (LEM) modeling (4). For multi-phase flows, the particle phase is included using a Lagrangian tracking scheme that tracks either individual particles or groups of particles (2). The gas phase is fully coupled to the particle phase. There is full two-way coupling in the LES model and both liquid and solid particles can be tracked in this solver. This code's capability has been extended in order to allow for the simulation of strong detonations in reacting mixtures. Application to detonations in both single and two-phase reacting flows will be reported in this paper.


Abstract : A two-dimensional model study of the damaged Burns Waterway Harbor break-water was conducted. The 1:36-scale undistorted flume tests were used to evaluate various repair options that included placing a submerged breakwater lakeward of the existing breakwater, attaching a berm breakwater to the lakeside of the structure, the addition of an 18-ton angular stone overlay, and reworking the existing stone into special placement at the crest. Generally, the submerged breakwater and restacking of the existing armor were the least effective approaches to reducing wave transmission; whereas the toe berms and large-stone overlays were the most effective. However, the submerged reefs proved to be the most effective in reducing or eliminating damage to the existing breakwater.


The "ball-in-tube" experiment can be applied in some industrial field such as oil industry .etc. It is more of being used in the university laboratory for researching non-linear control technology. The control object for "ball in a tube" is to regulate the speed of a fan blowing air into a tube so as to keep a Ping-Pang ball suspended at some predetermined position in the tube. Although conceptually simple, this is a difficult control problem due to the non-linear effects on the ball and the complex physics governing its behavior. Furthermore, the ball is extremely sensitive to any external disturbances from the fan. Taken together, it is difficult to be controlled by the traditional mathematics, and not easily captured in simulated or mathematical comparisons of control algorithms. The Fuzzy-PID can be built to regulate the ball's position automatically. The parameters in the PID controller are treated as fuzzy variables and the controller is implemented and tuned. We use this device to experimentally compare a traditional PID controller and Fuzzy-PID controller. The results show significant differences in the performance characteristics of the controllers.


The aim of the paper is to uncover the extent to which different forms of political Internet humour can criticise current political affairs in a developing democracy such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. Specifically, applying a cognitive linguistic theory of meaning construction, namely conceptual integration theory, the paper analyses the construction of meaning of humorous Internet forms, such as memes, demotivational posters, hashtag posts, and memetic photographs, representing innovative ways of providing political commentaries on current political affairs. The meaning of political humour is constructed in conceptual blending as a basic cognitive mechanism. As it is claimed (Coulson & Pascual 2006, Coulson & Oakley 2006, Coulson 2006, Oakley & Coulson 2008) that blending can be used as a rhetorical tool influencing the audience to change the reality and even act upon it, the analysis of the construction of meaning of political humour as products of conceptual integration can reveal hidden ideologies in political discourse.