The fathers of Soviet Marxism (Plekhanov, Bukharin, and Stalin) interpreted Marx as a technological determinist who saw evolving productive forces as the key to human history from primitive societies to the present day. But most Marxist scholars in the West now turn away from the many technological determinist passages in Marx with embarrassment. Today Marxists deny that social change can be explained by a single set of factors: they see great historical transformations as too complex for that. William Shaw is an American philosopher who, though sympathetic to Marx, prefers the Soviet interpretation. Shaw admits that his technological determinist interpretation is not the only possible one: "Marx's complexity and occasional inconsistency bar me from claiming to have proved my interpretation of historical materialism" (p. 149). Yet he makes a powerful case for his reading of Marx by citing quantities of textual material to back it up. His mastery of the forty-volume Marx-Engels Werke is impressive. At the outset Shaw says that he will not defend Marx's technological determinism but unpack its meaning and "highlight some of its internal difficulties." For several chapters he follows Marx through the infrastructural tunnels of history, lighting up the labyrinths and dead ends with the lamps of formal logic, conceptual analysis, and philosophy of science. In his conclusion he worries that his "pessimistic" observations "should seem to undermine completely the benefits of adopting Marx's perspective," and he laments that Marx's technological determinism is a "deteriorating paradigm." We can't think of a single Marxist historian who uses this paradigm in his or her work. Eric Hobsbawn, Albert Soboul, Richard Lorenz, Marcello Carmagnani, Manuel Lopez Gallo—there you have five Marxist historians, writing in as many languages, not one of whom is a technological determinist. This Marxian paradigm does more than "deteriorate." It writhes in agony, and we think that Shaw's own criticisms give it the coup de grace. Yet he can't face what he has done, and his sympathy with Marx makes him try to revive the paradigm! Marxist economists like Paul Sweezy say that the falling profit rate no longer falls; Marxist sociologists like Ralph Miliband say that the polarization of society into two classes has broken down; and Marxist historians like ourselves say that the law of increasing misery has been falsified by history. Why can't a Marxist philosopher like Shaw admit that technological determinism does not work? Instead, his excellent book winds up claiming that the theory, "despites its problems, offers a plausible vehicle for social and historical research"—although whole chapters he has written show the opposite. If Marxists will balk at Shaw's finding technological determinism in Marx "plausible," their eyes will pop when they read Gerald Cohen's "defense" of Marx. This British philosopher avoids the word "determinism" while defending "what is called a 'technological' interpretation of historical materialism" (p. 29). To find a concept for interpreting Marx, he


President Light, colleagues, and distinguished international guests: It is a great and humbling honor to address you and to serve as President of the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA). Jim Beaty, President of The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, used an aphorism in his recent address to the membership that I would like to share with you: ''If you see a turtle on a fence post, it didn't get there by itself.'' I stand here because of the support and encouragement of my orthopaedic colleagues, partners, and family as well as the countless medical personnel and administrative staff who help me on a daily basis. This Association held its first meeting in 1887 in New York City with thirty-five charter members in attendance. The original constitution and bylaws, which can be found in the first volume of the Transactions of the American Orthopedic Association, stated: ''The purpose of this Association shall be the advancement of Orthopedic science and art''; this is still a part of the Association's mission. This volume, now in my library, was originally owned by Albert H. Freiberg of Cincinnati, the Association's president in 1911. His son, Joseph A., also of Cincinnati, was president in 1962, and his grandson Richard A. is a colleague of mine in Cincinnati and is chief of the Veterans Administration Hospital. Finally, his great-grandson Andrew, a recently elected member of the AOA, is an orthopaedic surgeon who practices at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston. What a testimony to our specialty! Hattage is a nonword. I first heard it used by my chief, Dr. Henry Mankin, when I was an orthopaedic resident. Every morning, Dr. Mankin's house officers gathered for breakfast at 6:30 AM, and a designated resident presented a case to him. One morning, I presented the case of a patient with a four-month history of radicular back pain and a positive myelogram. I recommended operative treatment. He suggested hattage. I looked at him quizzically and asked what he meant. He explained that *First President-Elect's Address. Read at the Annual Meeting of the American Orthopaedic Association, Asheville, North Carolina, June 15, 2007.


This paper presents a semi-rigid base asphalt pavement performance analysis based on the results from an Accelerated Loading Facility (ALF) field testing in Zhuozhou city, China Hebei province. The investigation includes rutting properties, fatigue performance, and environmental elements affecting the performance of these pavements. The following conclusions are obtained: 1) asphalt mixes may produce plastic deformation under load. Rutting of the semi-rigid base asphalt pavements mainly occurred in the asphalt surface layer. Heavy axle loading accelerated the development of rutting significantly; 2) rutting development is related to the thickness of asphalt surface and the pavement structure; 3) semi-rigid base pavement deteriorated from the surface and not from the bottom; 4) rainfall is one main environmental reason which causes pavement deterioration. If necessary, a waterproofing layer should be installed between the asphalt surface and the semi-rigid base; 5) the results of the testing show that the fly ash gravel base is considerably better than the cement gravel base; and 6) during construction, the cohesion between pavement layers should be enhanced. For the covering abstract of the proceedings, see IRRD 490713.


The initial dimensions extracted by latent semantic analysis (LSA) of a document-term matrix have been shown to mainly display marginal effects, which are irrelevant for information retrieval. To improve the performance of LSA, usually the elements of the raw document-term matrix are weighted and the weighting exponent of singular values can be adjusted. An alternative information retrieval technique that ignores the marginal effects is correspondence analysis (CA). In this paper, the information retrieval performance of LSA and CA is empirically compared. Moreover, it is explored whether the two weightings also improve the performance of CA. The results for four empirical datasets show that CA always performs better than LSA. Weighting the elements of the raw data matrix can improve CA; however, it is data dependent and the improvement is small. Adjusting the singular value weighting exponent often improves the performance of CA; however, the extent of the improvement depends on the dataset and the number of dimensions.


We consider an asynchronous policy iteration method for solving the problem of sequential zero-sum Markov games. This method can be viewed as a recursive iteration for finding the fixed point of a contractive Bellman operator. Our focus in this paper is to derive the convergence rates of this method under two scenarios, namely, stochastic and optimistic settings. In the first scenario, we assume that we only have access to an unbiased estimate of the underlying Bellman operator, resulting in a stochastic variant of the policy iteration method. In the second, we consider the popular optimistic setting of the policy iteration method, where the policy improvement steps are approximately estimated. In both scenarios, we show that the asynchronous policy iteration method converges with a sublinear rate $\mathcal{O}(1/k)$, where k is the number of iterations. We also provide numerical simulations to illustrate our theoretical results.


Abstract Objective: To investigate the characteristics of auditory evoked cortical ERP components P1-N1-P2 and MMN and explore a practical way for ERP waveform identification and classification. Methods: Thirty right-handed normally hearing volunteers participated in the present study, age ranging from 20 to 40 years old, 14 males and 16 females. All the volunteers reported no history of auditory, neurological or mental disorder. The event related potential (ERP) components (i.e. P1-N1-P2 complex and mismatch negativity (MMN)) were measured using the 128-electrode channels EGI system. Results: Three different categories of ERP responses were classified on the basis of waveform configuration, size of the peak amplitude and the number of peaks together with scalp distribution of MMN. Ten participants (33.3%) had well defined ERP responses, 13 (43.3%) showed moderately defined ERP responses, and seven (23.3%) had poorly defined ERP responses. Although there were no significant differences in P1, P2, and MMN latencies, participants with the poorly defined ERP waves had significantly longer N1 latency than that in subjects with well defined ERP waves. In addition, significantly lower MMN amplitudes were also found in this group. Conclusion: Combining a waveform classification method and the MMN scalp distribution pattern, together with quantitative ERP response analysis, may provide more reliable and practical means for clinical application.


Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are well thought to be a crucial issue that roots various side effects for a patient during their entire lifetime. Although therapeutical methods to resolve the SCI are limited, stem cell therapy is determined to be a resolving factor since it possesses the ability to induce the neurogenic differentiation and the paracrine effect. However, stem cells are difficult to inject directly into the lesion, so they must be carefully guided through the spinal canal. Therefore, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are introduced as an instigator that makes the cells respond to the applied magnetic field. This study intends to report the synthesis strategy to develop SPIONs that could be used to treat the injury site by an applied magnetic field. SPION-internalized D1 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are observed consistently using a confocal fluorescence microscope to analyze the toxicity, maintenance, and monitoring points of intracellular SPIONs. The prepared SPIONs are much anticipated to increase the migration efficiency using magnetism, which was not cytotoxic. Hence, the prepared SPIONs can adeptly target the damaged neural tissue to promote tissue regeneration and treat nervous system disorders. This primary study stands as a focal point to solve SCI by stem cell migration effectively.


Objective:To improve the therapeutic effect of endometrial carcinoma through analysis of its clinical and pathologic features.Methods:94 patients with endometrial carcinoma from January 2000 to June 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were no statistic difference between the magnetic resonance imaging and post-op operative-pathological stage in myometrium infiltration.There were statistic difference between premenopausal and postmenopausal cases in the type of pathology,the level of receptor,cytodifferentiation and myometrium infiltration.Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging has its value injudging the invasive depth of mymas.The prognosis of type I was better than the type II.There were negative correlation between the level of receptor and the malig degree of cancer.And it not only can reflect the prognosis but also guide cure of hormone.


An analytical method is proposed for designing microwave transistor self-excited oscillators that makes it possible to express in explicit form the optimum parameters of the elements of the oscillator system and the load in terms of the immitance parameters of the active two-port. The elements of a self-excited oscillator system employing a MOSFET in the steady-state mode are calculated. The results of numerical calculations are presented.


It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness … it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair … we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.—Charles Dickens The Human Genome Project (HGP) provides information about the human genome that will forever alter society and the way we view ourselves. The genetic age offers great potential, including a future where gene and germ-cell therapy may virtually eliminate genetic disease. However, genetic information may also result in a world characterized by genetic discrimination and genetic determinism. Although genetic information will be used to develop revolutionary treatments, such as gene therapy and other molecular medicine, it will also bring genetic discrimination and heretofore unrealized invasions into the privacy of our genetic codes.


Abstract This study investigated the separate and joint roles of marital partners in reproduction decision-making. It was carried out in Orire Local Government Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. The area is largely rural with most inhabitants engaged in agriculture-related occupations. One hundred and fifty married respondents were randomly selected and data procured from them through the administration of validated interview schedule, 148 of which were processed. About 61% were into monogamous marriage. Most respondents (47.9%) were middle aged (31 – 50 years). About 23% had been married for 6 – 10 years. About 27% had no formal education while majority (48%) were fulltime farmers. Factors influencing reproduction decision-making included religious injunctions, family income and health 0f the mother. Men dominated decision-making in all reproductive issues except on family size and non-use of contraceptives where joint decisions prevailed. It is recommended that couples should be continuously educated on the values of joint decision-making to ensure commitment by both partners Information on family planning issues should be widely disseminated among the rural dwellers.


In the face of the contaminated water , soil erosion , ground decline caused by mining, it is required to develop an idea that mining should be done on the basis of safe resources and non-polluting production. The paper argues that the college should cany out scientific researches into the strategies of sustainable development.


Contemporary real time strategy games (RTS) have given particular emphasis on micromanagement. Protocol E takes a different direction by adopting a novel agent based control scheme proposed in 2012. Protocol E is intended as a demonstration of the viability and versatility of this kind of control scheme in RTS games. The game can run on control pads as well as keyboards and mice or touchpads.


The writing of the final project is to know how much the Realization of the
Revenue and the Development of the Advertisement Tax Revenue from year to
year.
Relating to that issue, the research is carried out by using an interview
method and Library Study. The interview is conducted by asking information to
the related Sides, while the library study isimplemented by collecting information
from books, document and other reliable literatures.
The aim of research is to know (i) how much the Growth Ratio of
Advertisement Tax Revenue in Karanganyar Regency is, (ii) how is the prospect
of Advertisement Tax Revenue in the years to come in Karanganyar Regency, (iii)
how far does to be done by the Revenue Department of the Karanganyar Regency
to increase the PAD revenue especially from the Advertisement Tax Sector.
Based on the research conducted, it can be drawn to the conclusion that the
Policy and Management Strategy of Advertisement Tax being conducted by the
Revenue Regencial Office (Dipenda) can run well and get a good response from
the Tax Payers.
As the Tax Revenue from year to year is always beyond the target
determined, and the Revenue in 2008 increased compared with that of the same
kind in 2007. In term of adherent, it can be considered as low as there are Tax
Payers who are late in paying the tax. The constraint being faced is from the Tax
Payers themselves and the Fiskas itself. In the Revenue Office, there are Tax
Payer paying the tax late and they are on purpose to prepare a BookKeeping on
the Revenue's turnover, the lack of Quality and the Fiskas's Disciplinary, there is
no Tax 's Confiscation Officer yet; And the effort to overcome the constraint is to
have the Fiskas to come the Tax Payer's place until at the determined time.
Therefore, the implementation of collecting the Tax Revenue has to be improved
to achieve the target desire so that it will get a better output as expected
Key word:AdvertisementTax


Abstract:This essay is an effort to convey why Landscape for a Good Woman has held me fast for some 30 years of rereading and teaching with it, its attention to sentiment so vividly joining with my own work. Carolyn Steedman shatters the conventions of working-class histories, where a "stolid emotional sameness" erases the affective and material privations of those lives. Her understanding of social belonging and its exclusions is unique. She takes children's perceptions as "the very lineaments of adult political analysis." In her radical style, being demeaned, bitter, and defiant joins with longing for a sweeping skirt to make up the rough landscape of the "borderlands."


In this paper, we develop a solar exergy map concept and conduct a comprehensive case study to show how it is utilized and how it is significant for practical solar applications. Based on the exergy content of the solar radiation, the performance of a photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) system is evaluated for different Indian cities, namely Bangalore (latitude 12°58′N, longitude 77°38′E), Jodhpur (latitude 26°18′N, longitude 73°04′E), Mumbai (latitude 18°55′N, longitude 72°54′E), New Delhi (latitude 28°35′N, longitude 77°12′E) and Srinagar (latitude 34°08′N, longitude 74°51′E) for a year and for different cities of U.S.A., namely Chicago (latitude 41°50′N, longitude 87°37′W), Las Vegas (latitude 36°10′N, longitude 115°12′W), Miami (latitude 25°46′N, longitude 80°12′W), New York (latitude 40°47′N, longitude 73°58′E), Portland (latitude 43°40′N, longitude 70°15′W), San Antonio (latitude 29°23′N, longitude 98°33′W), San Francisco (latitude 37°47′N, longitude 122°26′W), Tucson (latitude 32°7′N, longitude 110°56′W) and Tulsa (latitude 36°09′N, longitude 95°59′W) for different months of January, April, June and October. For the first time, the development of exergy maps for the exergy of solar radiation as well as the exergy efficiency of PV/T system is done for the above‐mentioned Indian and American climatic conditions. It is found that the predicted exergy efficiency is in good agreement with the experimental results for the climatic conditions of New Delhi, India. It is observed that the average exergy efficiency is highest in Bangalore from January (28%) to April (32.6%) and from September (32.5%) to December (32.4%) and it is highest in Srinagar from May (29.5%) to August (26.8%) for Indian climatic conditions and for American climatic conditions, the PV/T system gives the best performance in terms of exergy efficiency in Las Vegas (32%) and Tucson (32.5–31.5%) in April and June. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


There is a significant unmet need for effective therapy options for patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA) who are primary or secondary inadequate responders to anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) medications, or who have experienced serious adverse effects or have contraindications to these agents. Although traditional oral disease-modifying drugs (DMARD) such as methotrexate, leflunomide, and sulfasalazine have not shown efficacy in the spondylitis domain they have the potential to be effective for more peripheral domains of synovitis and enthesitis, although here, too, patients may not gain adequate benefit or may be intolerant1. For rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there is a growing repertoire of approved agents with different mechanisms of action that have proven efficacy. These agents include the T cell costimulatory blockade agent abatacept, the B cell ablator rituximab, and the interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor inhibitor tocilizumab. On the surface, it is tempting to think that these same agents will be efficacious for the various clinical manifestations of SpA — spondylitis, enthesitis, dactylitis, peripheral synovitis — and, in certain patients, nonmusculoskeletal manifestations such as psoriasis, colitis, and uveitis, since many of the same cellular and cytokine pathways of inflammation are present in SpA. Yet with closer investigation, it is now known that there are important differences in inflammatory mechanisms between RA and SpA such that it is not a given that a drug effective in RA will automatically be effective in SpA, thus necessitating clinical trials to assess the efficacy of these drugs in SpA.

In this issue of The Journal , Wendling, et al describe 26 SpA patients treated with rituximab enrolled in the French AIR (Autoimmunity and Rituximab) registry: 10 with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), 7 with undifferentiated SpA, and 9 with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) …

Address correspondence to Dr. P.J. Mease, Seattle Rheumatology Associates, 1101 Madison Street, Suite 1000, Seattle, WA 98104. E-mail: pmease{at}philipmease.com


In the spring, a young man's fancy may turn to love, but a student's fancy turns to thoughts of summer and the wonderful feeling of getting away from it all. If your idea idea of a summer getaway is to discover new places, consider Europe. Whether you've always dreamed of discovering your roots or bringing out the photographer or the poet in you, fascinating places and faces will inspire you. For the more intellectual in spirit, learning vacations abound. And if you're seeking to pay your way as you go, a working vacation can be an adventure. The key is to start planning early. Summer is also everybody else's favorite time to see Europe, and it can take up to eight weeks to have a passport issued. Check at your local post office for information on where to pick up an application. As you decide what countries you wish to visit, check with the appropriate consulates for visa requirements.


In this paper, we study the problem of how to maximize the throughput of a multimedia system, given a fixed amount of buffer space and disk bandwidth both pm-determined at design-time. Our approach is to maximize the utilizations of disk and buffers. We propose doing so in two ways. First, we analyze a scheme that allows multiple streams to share buffers. Our analysis and preliminary simulation results indicate that buffer sharing could lead to as much as 50% reduction in total buffer requirements. Second, we develop two prefetching strategies: SP and IP. As will be demonstrated by SP, straightforward prefetching is not effective at all. In contrast, IP, which prefetches more intelligently than does SP, could be valuable in maximizing the effective use of buffers and disk. Our preliminary simulation results show that IP could lead to a 40% improvement in throughput.


The dielectric charging in RF MEMS capacitive switches is modeled. The modeling focus on charge injections processes and the calculations start from first principles. The calculations were performed on materials with uniform and exponential distribution of defects. The time and bias dependence of distribution of injected charges are derived. The dielectric charging/polarization build-up is derived and found to obey the stretched exponential law, a result being supported by experimental data in various dielectrics.


Multiple-attribute decision making in the presence of independence between attributes, the shortage of quantitative value of one attribute can be compensated with that of other attributes. But, many a times, this is not true. On another side, the quantitative value of one attribute is treated as equally important in different intervals. However, this violates the law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution and destroys the additive of attributes. So, the valuations of alternatives based on weighed aggregation operator are failure. In this paper, two styles of attribute substitution are proposed, named by, complete-substitution and incomplete-substitution. For the complete-substitution, firstly, based on the law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution, the quantitative value of attributes is divided into many intervals with different weight levels. On the same level, the substitution rate is 100% and the additive of different attributes is effective. Secondly, the multiple-attribute decision making is transformed into single-attribute decision making and the valuations of alternatives are calculated based on single attribute with different levels. Thirdly, the comprehensive value of each alternative is calculated through by accumulating different levels and all alternatives are ranked by the comprehensive value of alternative. For the incomplete substitution, with the help of shortest path method and one-vote-down system, it is transformed into complete-substitution and calculated.


Data in everyday life everywhere, and people's lives. With the development of information society, the needs of various industries for analysis of data are also growing. However, the current domestic data analysis industry started late, small-scale, without a complete system and improve service delivery model, and even the national statistical offices do not have a complete database management system, a large number of data resources to be abandoned. Meanwhile, with the development of information society, e-commerce has become the future direction of business development, but at this stage, there are many gaps and development of e-commerce transactions invisible, thereby constructing data analysis, e-commerce platform idea came into being.


A review of a project to publish 90 dictionaries for the French departments is presented. These dictionaries contain historical data for each parish and commune from the ancien regime to the present day. The extensive demographic data included in these dictionaries are described. The authors note that after 10 years of work on this project 20 dictionaries have been published a further 10 are awaiting publication and 19 are in course of preparation. (ANNOTATION)


In this study, the pathogenicity of five Iranian isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae was evaluated against adults of Callosobruchus maculatus adults by immersion bioassay method at 27 ± 1°C and 60 ± 5% R.H. under laboratory conditions. Cumulative mortality of the cowpea weevil at day 11 after treatment with B. bassiana isolates IRAN 187C, IRAN 429C, IRAN 441C and M. anisopliae isolates IRAN 715C and DEM I001 by conidial suspensions at low and high concentration ranged between 29.4 to 86.2, 9 to 88.3, 21.1 to 96.3, 24.8 to 84.4 and 20.9 to 80.9%, respectively. The LC50 and LT50 values for IRAN 187C, IRAN 429C, IRAN 441C, DEMI001 and IRAN 715C were 1.9×10 7 , 9.8×10 6 , 2.4×10 7 , 2.6×10 8 and 1.2×10 8 conidia/ml and 7.8, 6.7, 7.2, 7.7 and 7.8 day, respectively. IRAN 441C of B. bassiana had the highest virulence against adult cowpea weevil because it had lower LC50 and LT50 and caused the highest mortality (76%) in treatment by suspensions containing 1×10 8 conidia/ml. B. bassiana had higher virulence than M. anisopliae against adult of cowpea weevil.


The major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) relate to intrinsic changes in cholesterol metabolism or blood pressure regulation or to diseases such as diabetes. In addition, it has been found that chemical and pollutant exposure has adverse effects on cardiovascular health. Although we have known about the harmful effects of smoking on heart disease for a long time, recent research shows that exposure to other environmental pollutants such as ambient air particles, automobile exhaust, and pesticides can also increases CVD risk.1 It is therefore reasonable to expect that CVD risk could be modified by metabolic processes that detoxify foreign chemicals (xenobiotics) or even endogenous toxins (eg, products of lipid peroxidation). The concept that the mechanisms of detoxification regulate disease susceptibility is one of the cornerstones of cancer research; however, only recently have we begun to appreciate the cardiovascular implications of this concept.

Article see p 418

For the most part, the relationships between CVD and detoxification mechanisms remain unknown. Glutathione S -transferases (GSTs), however, are one exception. These enzymes catalyze the conjugation of glutathione with electrophilic xenobiotics.2 In Phase II detoxification reactions, they transform xenobiotics into usually less reactive, water-soluble compounds that are excreted in urine or bile. Genetic variations and deletion genotypes of GSTs are relatively prevalent in human populations. Several studies have suggested that variations in GSTs alter CVD risk particularly in smokers, but the data are inconsistent. Some studies report strong interactions between GST genotypes and smoking, whereas others have found no significant association. The current study by Norskov et al,3 published in this issue of Circulation: Cardiovascular Genetics , is the most highly powered epidemiological study to date that investigates the contribution of GSTs to CVD risk specifically for ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease.

Norskov et al studied the gene …


The current trend in health care in Israel is for the Ministry of Health to transfer direct public health services to other care giving agencies such as the Sick Funds while the Ministry concentrates on setting standards and supervising health services. The General Sick Fund covers 80% of the population and provides prepaid comprehensive health insurance and has its own facilities for direct primary secondary tertiary convalescent and rehabilitation services. Preventive and ambulatory primary health care services are present in nearly every village neighborhood town and city in the country. About 60000 people 6% of the civilian labor force are employed in health. Israel is an industrial country but atypical. It has a very large proportion of immigrants many of whom have come from developing societies. Among Jews acute myocardial infarction is the leading cause of death; non-Jewish mortality causes reflect a younger population. Israelis make 3 times as many doctors visits as do Americans but Americans spend almost 1 1/2 times as many days in acute care hospitals. The 2 countries are similar in their patterns of disease death and aged. The government provides about 1/3 of obstetric beds the Sick Funds provide another 28% and the private sector provides 4%. Fragmentation of services is the biggest problem facing Israels maternal and child health services.


Because of high requirement of calibration flight monitoring system on automation and information,a new distributed monitoring system based on Kingview is developed,to monitor and control the onboard calibrated equipment in real time.The system can gather and display the parameters of equipment,as well as replay them;its user-friendly operating system is easy to use.This paper introduces the system composition,implementation of monitoring software and its core code lines.The successful application of the system in calibration flight has proved that the system has stable performance,reduces the flight cost and improve the efficiency.


Background.- Dentists often experience pain while working, especially in the lower back area. Back pain has been reported to be the most common type of discomfort in all occupational groups. Back pain has been reported to be the most common type of discomfort in all occupational groups. The study investigates the low back pain among dentists. Method -A cross sectional study was conducted among 120 dentists were selected for the study who are in the age group of <30 and above years, in urban areas of the Lucknow district of Uttar Pradesh. Ex- post facto research design was used to obtain and analyze the data. For selection of the respondents, multi stage sampling technique was adopted. A questionnaire was used to investigate the low back pain among dentists. PAS software was used for statistical processing. Descriptive statistics i.e., percentage, mean and ANOVA was used to interpret the data. For multiple responses, percentage was calculated in terms of total responses therefore exceeds 100%. Results: Among 120 dentists, 80% of dentists were suffering from LBP. Conclusion: From the study, it can be concluded that the age of the respondent has an impact on low back pain. Long hours of work and no leisure time made the dentists sit in a restricted posture leading to severe low back pain among dentists. Therefore it is recommended to maintain proper body mechanics and use supportive devices like back belts, knee cap, and chair with back rest during patient care, stretching exercise, promotion of good ergonomic posture and general fitness.


We present an observational study to evaluate a progressive schedule of dose of dialysis, starting with 2 HD/week, when the renal clearance of urea was equal to or greater than 2,5 mL/min/1,73 m2 and the patient is in a stable clinical situation. From 2006 to 2011, 182 patients started hemodialysis in our center, of which 134 were included in the study. Residual renal function (RRF), Kt/V, eKru, nPCR, hemoglobin, weekly erythropoietin dose, and beta-2-microglobulin were determined at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 months after dialysis initiation. Seventy patients (52%) began with the progressive schedule of 2 HD/week and 64 (48%) patients began with the conventional thrice-weekly schedule (3 HD/week). The decline of RRF was lower in the group of 2 HD/week: 0,20 (0,02–0,53) versus 0,50 (0,14–1,08) mL/min/month (median and interquartile range, ). No relationship was found between the decline rate and the basal RRF. Survival analysis did not show differences between both groups. Our experience demonstrates that patients with higher residual renal function may require less than conventional 3 HD sessions per week at the start of dialysis. Twice-weekly hemodialysis schedule is safe and cost-effective and may have additional benefit in maintaining the residual renal function.


In recent years, investment management companies and other financial service entities have placed an increasing emphasis on strengthening their compliance departments and systems. Factors contributing to this heightened emphasis on compliance include the globalisation and growth of the financial services industry; the development of new and more complex financial instruments; increased scrutiny, higher standards, and tougher sanctions from regulators; and several high‐profile failures that resulted, at least in part, from inadequate compliance. To meet the heightened demands placed on compliance personnel, most investment managers have, to a degree utilised advances in technology to ease the burdens and to improve overall compliance. One of the main uses of technology has been to monitor compliance of securities transactions with regulatory and client‐imposed investment requirements and limitations prior to the execution of the transactions (so‐called 'pre‐trade compliance'). This paper examines automated pre‐trade compliance systems, focusing on the reasons such systems are needed, the types of systems that are available and the benefits and limitations of such systems.


Two hundred and three elective orthopaedic procedures were performed in 193 children and young adults participating in an autotransfusion program in which they donated from one to three units of blood preoperatively, which were used to replace blood lost during surgery. One hundred and thirty-seven procedures, including ninety-one posterior spine fusions for scoliosis, were carried out with autologous blood only. The results of this study show that autotransfusion is a satisfactory method of blood replacement in children and young adults undergoing elective orthopaedic procedures.


Objective To examine the effects of different administraions for zinc supplement on the rats' wound healing.Methods 48 SD rats were allocated to four groups,12 in each group.All the rats suffered grade 2 deep back burns covering 15 % of all the total surface.After the burns models were completed,group A were fed on zinc diet,group B received the treatment with Sulfadiazine Zinc smearing,group C were given the treatment which was the combination of group A's and group B's,and group D was blank control group.The healing time of the rats' burns were recorded and their blood zinc level was detected.Results The healig time of groups A,B and C were shorter than that of group(P0.05),group A was almost the same as group B(P0.05),and group C was shorter than groups A and B(P0.05).The blood zinc level in group A elevated more significantly than groups B and D(P0.05),but compared with group C,there was no significant difference(P0.05),and the comparison between group B and group D also showed no significant differenc(P0.05).Conclusion Oral plus topical administraion of zinc drug for zinc supplement is superior to topical or oral administraion of zinc drug for burnt wound healing,and the effects on zinc level were as that of oral administration.It is worthy of further clinical study.


BYD, Honda, Saic and Volkswagen. Some limitations of our study include the possibility of underestimating hybrid models carbon emissions, the non-consideration of the well-to-tank emissions, the


Whenever we think of a display, we think of a rectangular shape. However, this is not always required. A free-from modular display consists of several independent modules that can be put together as desired. Since the configuration of the display is not a priori known, intelligent drivers are required to let the display work as a whole. The shape is automatically detected and sent to the user interface.


With the gradual development of the modern aesthetic, ethnic elements in the clothing design more and more get the attention of consumers, national wind has become a unique style of dress. Modern clothing design through the selection of traditional Chinese national elements and the fusion of modern technology, realize to inherit and carry forward traditional national process. At the same time, the traditional pattern, style, modelling, the element such as the craft technique through deformation and reconstructed into design, provide a new way of thinking on modern dress design. This paper introduces the application of the national element in modern clothing design and analysis of national element in modern clothing design, and the significance of People's Daily lives, trying to grasp the right degree between modern and traditional provide solution, using the national element to add ideas and aesthetic feeling for modern dress design. The introduction Ethnic elements is an external form, but also contains the national long-term development in the process of the connotation of national culture, contains many of the nation in the world, and formed a brilliant diversity of national culture and elements. National elements not only show the clothing in the clothing design, decoration, fabric and styling, but also contains the clothing contains national culture connotation. The ethnic groups of China's national number, costume culture, distinctive traditional national elements and the rich. To use these elements to the design of modern dress, not only inherited the traditional ethnic culture is absorbed, and the great innovation of modern clothing designs. For the flexible use of the national factors not only greatly enriched the People's Daily life culture and aesthetic experience, but also can effectively achieve the effective inheritance and development of traditional dress. The composition analysis of national element Due to the various nationalities in the long-term production and labor of the regional differences in the process, the dress also embodies the different regional differences in life style, the difference with different geographical and cultural national habits and customs, religious beliefs, and many other factors. Through the study of China's ethnic costumes, ethnic factors mainly embodied through the following aspects. Materials, design, colour is applied, and of the clothing production process is the basic aspects of a national element. National costumes of the applications of the materials also embody the local climate conditions on the trace of the people affected, in ancient times also formed the "south to north skirt gown", the south skirt and sweater design usually adopt the material permeability of silk and silk etc., and the north, especially in the northwest region, due to differences in climate conditions, in order to meet the requirements of warm and cold, such as fur material is a significant application. In costume material application, the traditional Chinese silk number and variety is numerous, formed to regional features of different kinds, brocade, preface, brocade, etc., regardless of their geographic fur clothing material is widely used in the local, local resistance to the cold climate conditions, also formed a kind of primitive and wild sense of beauty. Has the national characteristics of clothing design is the important experience of national elements, in the traditional Chinese pattern design and application, the influence of economic level and people's cultural concept, many plants and animals, such as text, totem, landscape become common decorative patterns of clothing. Ancient people by imagining to exaggeration and distortion, the 3rd International Conference on Education, Management and Computing Technology (ICEMCT 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 734 group has formed unique national dress patterns. Application of color in the national elements is an important part of the national culture. Part of the national style of clothing with colorful, and some national costumes on the application of color according to the characters' social status and identity has the strict limit, the choice of this kind of colour has applied in clothing design in the national culture characteristics. Ethnic process embodies the ancient people's labor skills, different nationalities but also become an important element with labor mark of national costumes, ethnic clothing technology on modern dress design still has very important significance. These tie-dye, embroidery, drawnwork, batik process not only has a wide range of USES. And embodies the characteristic of national technology. Clothing to join in the design of the method and application significance of national element Ethnic elements application in the clothing design makes the modern clothing designers find new inspiration and train of thought, the use of the national elements also received more significant results. Through flexible transformation of national elements and apply, national elements with the popular elements of The Times, gradually formed the more consumers favorite kind of clothing style. Application more successful in this industry with foreign designer Tom ford and Robert cavalli and so on, they study through to the traditional Chinese qipao, includes the application of the shape and material of elements in the design of their performance. Domestic based on the research of the traditional culture, the use of different ethnic customs new accessories to attract many consumers' eyes. Material popular "inset jades" adorn article, with the Angle of the Mongolian unique decoration, with amorous feelings of the miao nationality silver and so on national element has been widely used in modern dress. Vast area in our country, the traditional national culture element contains the rich, these national elements are extracted and development to meet the increasing of people's aesthetic demand, at the same time to improve the overall level of our country dress design major help. Traditional clothing processing technology and traditional factors such as design can be inherited in the process and the new development, for the rich people's spiritual life, excavate the potential of traditional culture has played a role. Current Chinese costume design industry market development is still in its infancy, there is insufficient design fashion sense in clothing design, variety characteristics of single application in national elements in the technique is relatively rigid, cannot achieve together with fashion trends, application effect is not ideal. International dress brand occupy a larger share in the national clothing consumption, national costumes of ethnic elements is less, can't meet the demand of the increasing of people's aesthetic. National element clothing design direction National element clothing design direction. Problems need to pay attention to in the application of national elements For national elements application should achieve and fashion fusion, form a more harmonious effect. National elements application should be for the design of modern clothing glory, in the clothing structure, the use of local grain and the collocation of color reflect national factors, costume design, if out of the combination of fashion and national factors clothing market will shrink. Modern clothing consumption crowd is mainly young people to the group, so in the clothing design should consider the audience psychology and accept ability, national elements should be used effectively for deformation and innovation to adapt to the modern's aesthetic psychology and aesthetic taste. National elements and form style design, costume design process, mastery of national elements can't take the way of curt added, considering the overall design theme and style of the dress, to incorporate ethnic factors. In the design process can not for the ethnic factors in the design of a large amount of added to cause the destruction of the whole style of dress design, the design of the formation of neither fish nor fowl. Clothing design towards the folk elements. In under the influence of modern pay attention to


While Wickremesekera emphasises European perceptions, he differentiates himself somewhat from scholars of Orientalism (including Edward Said and Ronald Inden) who stressed how Europeans constructed Indian difference based on European-centred cultural concerns. For Wickremesekera, there were 'genuine differences' (p. 183) between the two military cultures. Further, while Wickremesekera also invokes scholars who highlight dialogue, continuities and collaboration between Indians and Britons (including Irschick and C.A. Bayly), he himself mainly emphasises 3ritish attitudes, with few direct Indian voices. For example, he measures the essential desires of Indian sepoys by the issues they mutinied


Red ginseng has been considered a functional food, and many studies on red ginseng and the prevention of cancer, hypertension, arteriosclerosis and constipation have been conducted. In this study, white bread dough with 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5% red ginseng marc powder was measured by a farinograph, extensograph, amylograph, as well as for pH to evaluate the development time, stability, extensibility, resistance to extension, gelatinization temperature, and maximum viscosity temperature. The ash content of the wheat flour increased with an increasing content of red ginseng marc powder. The gelatinization maximum and the temperature for the gelatinization maximum of the flour-water suspension in the amylograph were not affected by the addition of red ginseng marc powder. The moisture absorption of the wheat flour in the farinograph increased as the content of red ginseng marc powder increased. Also, as the content of red ginseng marc powder increased, dough development time decreased. The extensibility of the dough in the extensograph showed a negative relationship with the amount of red ginseng marc powder added.


The present invention discloses a sensor based on the adjustment of the ratio of electromagnetic energy absorbing method and a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal from the mobile terminal is located by the proximity sensor in accordance with known human predetermined distance range and / or by gravity sensor learned whether the mobile terminal current location of the side adjacent the bottom side of the antenna terminal of the mobile terminal to adjust the transmit power of the signal. The program controlling the mobile terminal in accordance with data of the sensor signal transmission power, thereby controlling the Specific Absorption Rate, solves the problems of the prior art SAR value excessive impact on the human body, real protection of the user of the mobile terminal.


Two studies examined the activation of acceptance and rejection cognitions following inclusion and exclusion for high self-esteem (HSEs) and low self-esteem individuals (LSEs). In Study 1, participants were primed with inclusion and exclusion words via words on a computer screen, whereas, in Study 2, participants were included or excluded from a laboratory work group. In both studies, participants completed a lexical decision task (LDT) with acceptance and rejection words as the targets of interest. We found that HSEs inhibited thoughts of rejection following both exclusion and inclusion; they were slower at recognizing rejection words following inclusion and exclusion primes compared to control primes. For LSEs, we found that rejection and acceptance words were equally accessible across prime conditions suggesting that they are vigilant for signs related to how others view them across situations.


Ovarian cancer ranks third among the tumors of the reproductive system in women. This disease has no screening.It is characterized by a latent course and, as a result, is diagnosed at the advanced stages of the tumor process. There are two methods of treatment for this disease: aggressive cytoreductive surgery and anticancer drug therapy. However, the phasing of approaches causes controversy among oncologists. This article will consider approaches to choosing the stage of treatment for patients with advanced ovarian cancer based on the analysis of international studies.


The Disposal Area Remedial Action (DARA) Solid Storage Facility (SSF) is a rectangular concrete vault with two high-density Polyethlene (HDPE) liners and covered with a metal building. The SSF was originally designed and constructed to receive saturated sediments from the excavation of the Oil Retention Ponds and Tributary 7 at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant. The sediments placed in the SSF were generally high-water-content soils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and volatile organic carbons. The facility was intended to dewater the sediments by allowing the free water to percolate to a 6-in. sand layer covering the entire floor of the facility. The sand layer then drained into sumps located at the east and west ends of the facility. An application for a Part-B Permit was submitted to the state of Tennessee in February 1992 (MMES 1992a). This report is being submitted to support approval of that permit application and to address certain issues known to the regulators regarding this facility.


(1987). On the determinants of full employment unemployment rates in local labour markets. Applied Economics: Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 191-200.


AbstractUsing Virginia's statewide multimodal plan as a case study, this paper outlines an approach to evaluating policies that coordinate the transportation-related efforts of individual agencies. The approach entails identification of seven potentially promising multimodal policies, a case study quantification of impacts for two such policies, and recommended steps for implementation. The case policies evaluated were (1) using cost per kilogram of emissions eliminated to select among eight alternatives and (2) increasing density to reduce CO2 emissions. The case study demonstrates the feasibility of the outlined approach: Policy 1 increases efficacy by a factor of up to 3.7, and Policy 2 reduces annual CO2 by 1.5 million metric tons, showing that a comparison of diverse multiagency policies at a sketch planning level is productive. The paper shows that a multimodal planner's role includes explicit identification of assumptions and quantitative methods that enable a comparison of diverse transportation i...


We analyze the impact of the introduction of a commitments procedure in terms of eciency and deterrence in antitrust contexts. This procedure allows certain cases of abuse of dominant position to be handled eectively and quickly by oering an immunity of fine to the firm in return for some behavior modification. We first show that this procedure should only be proposed when the anticompetitive harm is large enough and may allow partial remedies to the infringement when incentives to cooperation ask for it. Under asymmetric information, informational rents associated to the firm's gain with the alleged practice diminish the CA's interest to negotiate and we provide some sucient conditions under which this procedure is welfare enhancing. We show that coupled with a partial reduction of fine, the introduction of such a procedure always increases the consumers' surplus.


A fast coreset minimum enclosing ball kernel algorithm was proposed. First, it transfers the kernel methods to a center-constrained minimum enclosing ball problem, and subsequently it trains the kernel methods using the proposed MEB algorithm, and the primal variables of the kernel methods are recovered via KKT conditions. Then, detailed theoretical analysis and rigid proofs of our new algorithm are given. After that, experiments are investigated via using several typical classification datasets from UCI machine learning benchmark datasets. Moreover, performances compared with standard support vector machines are seriously considered. It is concluded that our proposed algorithm owns comparable even superior performances yet with rather fast converging speed in the experiments studied in this paper. Finally, comments about the existing problems and future development directions are discussed.


Active safety systems that start to act moments before the crash might be capable of anticipating the occupant's position, either by correcting it, or by taking the out-of-position into account. For the development and evaluation of such active safety systems, recently a run-time efficient multidirectional computer human model that can simulate active as well as passive human behaviour has been developed. The objective of this study was to evaluate this so-called active human model for simulations of braking followed by a frontal crash.


This study compares different types of regulation that motivate school students to participate in their formal education and in music entertainment. The framework of self-determination is used in this study to convey various forms of regulation that play important roles in driving students to take action in both settings. A survey result based on 207 student respondents in Thailand revealed that although it is not uncommon to anticipate that there could be a variety of reasons for establishing this educational participation, ranging from extrinsic controls to intrinsic values, the students were more likely to be extrinsically and personally pressured in their formal study, compared to participating in music. On the other hand, they were prone to be more intrinsically driven when joining in music activities than studying.


In the new video for the track Benediction, Jeremy Bolm of TOUCHE AMORE headed to his mothers home in Norfolk, Nebraska to bring her story home. On ...


The ionization cross section is derived on the basis of nonadiabatic transitions between the quasimolecular levels and the continuum. (AIP)


Let I ⊆ R = k(x1,...,xn) be a homogeneous equigenerated ideal of degree r. We show here that the shapes of the Betti tables of the ideals I d stabilize, in the sense that there exists some D such that for all d ≥ D, �i,j+rd(I d ) 6 0 ⇔ �i,j+rD(I D ) 6 0. We also produce upper bounds for the stabilization index Stab(I). This strengthens the result of Cutkosky, Herzog, and Trung that the Castelnuovo-Mumford regularity reg(I d ) is eventually a linear function in d.


This study examined African American men's perceptions of body figure attractiveness based on their acculturation levels. Seventy-five African American men between the ages of 18 and 35 attending a traditionally White university in the Southeast region of the United States volunteered for this study. Results from a one-wayANOVArevealed that African American men perceived women with smaller body figures as more attractive than women with larger body figures. However, as it relates to the ideal body figure to date, African American men chose the moderate (medium) body figure. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences between African American men's perceptions of body figure attractiveness and their acculturation levels. Explanations and implications of these results are discussed.


Adolescent sleep problems should be considered as a longstanding health problem in society. One group that is at high risk of experiencing sleep disorders is adolescents. This is because in adolescents there are changes in sleep patterns including insufficient sleep duration, delayed sleep time, and differences in sleep patterns on weekdays and weekends, so the quality of adolescent sleep tends to decrease. The results of sleep deprivation can, among other things, affect the physical, mental, emotional and social development of adolescents, including brain maturity and decision-making skills. The problem of sleep disorders in adolescents is difficult to enforce, this is because sleep disorders are often not conveyed by adolescents. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of sleep problems and the factors that influence the quality of adolescents (18-21 years) in Tegal City. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive analytic method with 217 respondents as the sample of the study from Tegal Nursing D3 students. Collecting data through google form and using the Indonesian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, the Mornignness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). The results showed that there was a relationship between sleep quality and chronotype type (p value: 0.00 a = 0.000). Recommendations for adolescents need education about disturbances in adolescent sleep quality


This article proposed the risk early warning model of organizational innovation based on Rough Set and Neural Network.Through the Rough set the total attribute quantity could be reduced,the main characteristic attributes were withdrawn,the complexity of Neural Network system and the computing time were reduced,too;Combined with the abilities of the union nerve network system fault-tolerant ability,the parallel processing ability,the antijamming ability and the processing non-linear problem ability,carries on the Rough set in the Neural Network the serial union.The example research indicates,unifies Rough Set and the BP Neural Network applies to the organizational innovation risk early warning,greatly simplified the BPNN structure,reduced the network computation quantity,sped up the convergence rate.


The invention discloses an aggregation pheromone attractant for attracting Ips nitdus Eggers to trap and kill Ips nitdus Egger, composed of following ingredients: 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol of 65-90%, (+/-)-ipsdienol of 2-20%, (S)-cis-verbenol of 1-10% and trans-verbenol of 0-5%. The ingredients of the attractant provided by the invention are mixed well, and loaded in delivery carriers (attracting cores) of PE plastic bag type, bottle type, rubber stopper type, etc. to use. The invention belonging to natural volatile organic substance has stable structure, and stable chemical property at normal temperature and pressure, compared with normal chemical control, has the characteristics of no toxicity, no pollution, high efficiency, safety to environment and natural enemies, and is suitable for the monitor of the emergence period, emergence zone, population dynamics of Ips nitdus Eggers and production control of large-area trapping and killing.


Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is one of the most frequent complications in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). It's now clearly established that AKI may be associated with the installation and/or worsening of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). However, few patients are currently screened for CKD after hospitalization in the ICU. In addition, ICU patients often have changes in their volume of distribution and muscle mass that may interfere with plasma Creatinine (pCreat) dosing and thus the estimated GFR (eGFR) value using CKD-Epi equation.

 Since 2019, we are prospectively screening for CKD patients who developed moderate-to-severe AKI (KDIGO 2 and 3) in ICU. Patients are referred to Nephrology consultation within 2 to 3 months after discharge from the ICU. The screening for CKD is performed according to the GFR estimation using the CKD-Epi equation. In this cohort, we will assess the incidence of CKD after ICU discharge and factors associated with CKD installation and worsening (univariate and multivariate analysis). In addition, for some patients, we planned to measure GFR using Iohexol clearance to compare measured GFR (mGFR) to eGFR using both CKD-Epi equation and Cystatin C-based equations.

 So far, 43 patients have been referred in Nephrology consultation, 72% of male and a mean age of 62 (±16) years. The time between the ICU discharge and the consultation was 55 (±21) days. The main co-morbidities were diabetes (37%) and hypertension (58%). The mean eGFR before the ICU (basal renal function) was 78 (±24) ml/min/1.73m2 and the pCreat was 89 (±21) µmol/l. At baseline, twenty-one percent of the patients had an eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2. The length of stay in the ICU was 14 (±14) days. Nearly half of the patients (47%) were ventilated and 56% received vasopressive drugs. Most of the patients (74%) developed KDIGO Stage 3 AKI and 26% developed Stage 2 AKI. The mean entry pCreat was 252 (± 178) µmol/l, reaching a maximum of 382 (± 198) µmol/l during the hospitalization. Sixty percent of the patients underwent renal replacement therapy. The patients lost in average 10 kgs during the hospitalization. The pCreat at discharge was 175 µmol/l (± 175). At the time of the consultation, the eGFR was 70 (± 27) ml/min/1.73m2 with 35% of the patients with an eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2. Univariate and multivariate analysis will be performed to evaluate the mains factors associated with CKD.
 At this time, 8 patients had a GFR measure using Iohexol. Mean mGFR was 32,8 (±14) ml/min/1,73m2, lower than the CKD-Epi (57±19), the CKD-Epi Cystatin (35±13) and the CKD-Creatinine-Cystatin (43±14). Compared to the mGFR, the CKD-Epi Cystatin equation appears to perform better with a bias of 4 ml/min/1.73m2 versus a bias of 24 ml/min/1.73m2 for the CKD-Epi equation and 12.7 ml/min/1.73m2 for the CKD-Epi Creatinine-Cystatin equation. Based on the Iohexol measure and the CKD-Epi Cystatin equation, all the patients (100%) had a GFR < 60 ml/min/1,73m2 against only 33% with the CKD-Epi equation.

 In this analysis on the first 43 patients of our cohort, AKI seems to be associated with an increase of CKD 2 months after ICU discharge with 35% of patients with an eGFR below 60 ml/min/1,73m2. This proportion of CKD patients may be underestimated by the GFR estimation based on pCreat. Given the results of the analysis of our first 8 patients who have benefited from GFR measurement, Cystatin C-based equations may be an interesting tool to better assess renal function in this specific population.


By comprehensive utilizing adjacent lattice mathods and Siegel mass formula, -we obtain the class number of poaitive even unimodular lattices over Q( ) (d is squarefree positive integer) in V In (n≥ 4) is 2 if and only if Q( ),n=4 and Q( ),n=8.


Fatigue is a complaint that many children with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) feel while undergoing chemotherapy and is a multidimensional problem. The condition of fatigue that children continuously feel requires treatment from health workers. To optimize physical exercise interventions, researchers combined physical exercise with Levine theory based on four conservation principles to increase patient activity during treatment. The goal of the study was to provide physical exercise to children with ALL undergoing chemotherapy. The research method is quantitative with Quasy Experimen With Control Group Pre-Test-Post-Test Design. This study sample of ALL children aged 8-13 years who underwent maintenance phase chemotherapy. The sample was taken using consecutive sampling techniques with a total of 22 people. The data collection tool uses the Multidimensional Fatigue Scale questionnaire. The results showed that the average fatigue scale in the pre-test intervention group was 31.18 and post-test 47.64. The pre-test control group was 27.27 and post-test 39.18. The level of fatigue experienced by children decreased (p 0.000) after being given physical exercise walking 5 minutes, six times in 14 days. The involvement of health workers is expected in conducting a comprehensive assessment of fatigue symptoms, and the results of this study can be used as one of the physical exercise interventions in the management of fatigue in children with leukemia.


The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is now widely grown as a whole crop silage in Korea, but the quality of that silage does not examined from farms. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the forage quality of whole crop barley that was participated in Silage Quality Contest in 2008. These data were classified by region, dry matter (DM) yield, with or not additive, planting and harvest date. Difference on the lactic acid content of barley silage was detected in the region, DM yield, additive and harvest date (p<0.05), however, there were partially significant differences in chemical composition. There were significant differences among moisture content in DM yield, pH in additive, and crude ash content in additive and planting date of barley silage. Crude protein content was significant difference in the region, and ether extract content was in region, DM yield and harvest date, however, non-fiber carbohydrate was significant difference in planting date of barley silage. Neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and relative feed value were significant difference only in the cultivation region of whole crop barley. According to this experiment, differences in the silage quality were observed among whole crop barley silages. Therefore, nutritive value as well as moisture and pH are important in silage quality evaluation of whole crop barley. Especially, lactic acid is an important factor for the evaluation of whole crop barley silage.


Objective To investigate the relationship between brain water content and the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) and glutamate(Glu) around the hematoma in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH).Methods Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into normal control group(n=8),sham operation control group(n=8) and ICH group(n=32) randomly.The ICH groups were divided into ICH 12 h,24 h,72 h and 7 d 4 subgroups,and every subgroup has 8 rats.The ICH rat models were mad with injected the autologous blood to caudate nucleus.The brain water content was measured used the wet and dry weight method,and the expressions of MMP-9,TIMP-1,Glu of brain tissue around the hematoma was examined by immunohistochemical method.Results The water content and expressions of MMP-9,TIMP-1 and Glu of all the ICH subgroups were obviously increased than those in the normal control group and sham operation control group(all P0.01).Among all the ICH subgroups,the MMP-9,TIMP-1 expressions got the peak at the 72 h(P0.01),while the Glu level was highest at the 24 h(P0.01).There were positive correlations between moisture content of brain tissues(Y) and the expressions of MMP-9(X1) and Glu(X3),and the multiple regression equation was Y=68.894+0.281X1-0.052X3.Conclusions The water content and the expressions of MMP-9,TIMP-1 and Glu were significantly increased at the brain tissue around the hematoma after ICH.The MMP-9 and Glu played important roles in the occurrence and development of hydrops brain tissue around the hematoma after ICH.


5′‐Adenylylphosphosulfate (APS) reductase from a bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaAPR) has been shown to contain a [4Fe‐4S] cluster. Thioredoxin is used as an electron donor for PaAPR has been shown to form a disulfide‐linked adduct with mono‐cysteine variants of Escherichia coli thioredoxin and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii thioredoxin‐dependent enzyme. The redox midpoint potential of the disulfide bond in the PaAPR and the mono‐cysteine adduct is −280mV. Site‐directed mutagenesis and mass spectrometry have identified Cys256 as the PaAPR that forms a disulfide bond with Cys36 of C. reinhardtii thioredoxin and Cys32 of E. coli thioredoxin in these adducts. Perturbation of the resonance Raman and visible‐region absorbance spectra of the APS reductase [4Fe‐4S] center by either APS or the competitive inhibitor 5′‐AMP indicates that both the substrate and product bind in close proximity to the cluster. These results have been interpreted in terms of a scheme in which one of the redox‐active cysteine residues serves as the initial reductant for APS bound at or in close proximity to the [4Fe‐4S] cluster. We also found that randomly generated single‐stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) seems to bind PaAPR in the presence of [4Fe‐4S] cluster using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay technique, suggesting that the phosphate moiety of the random pool of ssDNA can be a binding site of APS reductase.


Abstract : Cadets were instructed to indicate whether each of the other members in their class was 'more careful' or 'less careful' than themselves. The Carefulness Ratings (CR) were correlated with scores on each of the primary selection tests and grades in Naval School, Pre-Flight, and the the addition of CR to the validity of the Pensacola Student Prediction was investigated. CR had significant relationships to the majority of the primary selection tests and Pre-Flight grades currently employed as predictors. For this reason, despite a significant relationship of CR to the criterion of success/failure, its unique contribution was too small to be of practical value. (Author)


We report on the synthesis of PbTiO3–CoFe2O4 multiferroic nanocomposites and continuous tuning of their ferroelectric and magnetic properties as a function of the average composition on thin-film composition spreads. The highest dielectric constant and nonlinear dielectric signal was observed at (PbTiO3)85–(CoFe2O4)15, where robust magnetism was also observed. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a pancake-shaped epitaxial nanostructure of PbTiO3 on the order of 30 nm embedded in the matrix of CoFe2O4 at this composition. Composition dependent ferroics properties observed here indicate that there is considerable interdiffusion of cations into each other.


Proceedings from the VIII International Conference on Rare Diseases and Orphan Drugs (ICORD). St. Petersburg (Russia), October 31-November 2, 2013


WILLIAM Harvey was the son of Thomas Harvey, yeoman, of Folkctone. Thomas, who as born at Folkestone in 1549, married as his first wife, Juliana Jenkin, who dying left him a daughter, Julian. He married in January, 1577, his second wife, Joan Hawke, or Halkc, by whom he had seven sons, called by Fuller "a week of sons," and two daughters. William, the eldest child, was born at Folkestone, on April 1, 1578. Nothing is known of William Harvey's childhood. At ten years of age he was admitted to the King's School at Canterbury, a very old foundation which had hitherto been governed by the Archbishop, but had been taken over by Henry vm, enlarged, re-endowed, and placed under the Dean and Chapter. There were fifty boys on the foundation, and others were allowed to come who were not on it, of whom Harvey was one, but all were required to have learned reading, writing and the rudiments of grammar, previously.! This, therefore, was not Harvey's first school; he must have been taught in a small grammar school, of which there were a great number in the country, either at Folkestone itself or elsewhere. Canterbury held the position of a modern public school. It had six forms, which read the usual Latin authors in order: Cato, Aesop, Terence, Horace and Cicero, with one or two moderns who wrote in Latin, such as Mantuanus and Erasmus.


The tracheid morphological features, physical and mechanical properties of Pinus elliottii wood from plantation in coastal sand and mountainous red soil were determined and analyzed comparatively. The results showed that almost all the physical and mechanical indexes except hardness of Pinus elliottii wood from plantation in coastal sand were slightly smaller than those of Pinus elliottii wood from mountainous red soil. The length and width of tracheid in the same growth ring of Pinus elliottii wood from plantation in coastal sand were also smaller than those of Pinus elliottii wood from mountainous red soil, but it was inverse for the ratio of length to width. The technological maturity of Pinus elliottii wood from plantation in coastal sand was about 2 years earlier than that of Pinus elliottii wood from mountainous red soil. Different significant t test showed that there were extremely significant differences in compression strength parallel to grain, elastic modulus of bending, impact toughness, significant differences in strength of bending but no significant differences in other physical and mechanical indexes between Pinus elliottii wood from plantation in coastal sand and that from mountainous red soil. The conclusions provide scientific basis for plantation cultivation and rational utilization of Pinus elliottii.


AC CE PT ED M AN US CR IP T Objectives: Implementation of daylight photodynamic therapy (dPDT) is somewhat limited by variable weather conditions. Light sources have been employed to provide artificial dPDT indoors, with low irradiances and longer treatment times. Uniform light distribution across the target area is key to ensuring effective treatment, particularly for large areas. A novel light source is developed with tuneable direction of light emission in order to meet this challenge. Methods: Wavelength composition of the novel light source is controlled such that the protoporphyrin-IX (PpIX) weighed spectra of both the light source and daylight match. The uniformity of the light source is characterised on a flat surface, a model head and a model leg. For context, a typical conventional PDT light source is also characterised. Additionally, the wavelength uniformity across the treatment site is characterised. Results: The PpIX-weighted spectrum of the novel light source matches with PpIX-weighted daylight spectrum, with irradiance values within the bounds for effective dPDT. By tuning the direction of light emission, improvements are seen in the uniformity across large anatomical surfaces. Wavelength uniformity is discussed. Conclusions: We have developed a light source that addresses the challenges in uniform, multiwavelength light distribution for large area artificial dPDT across curved anatomical surfaces.


Abstract We suggest a wavelet filtering technique as a remedy to the problem of measurement errors when testing for cointegration using Johansen's (1988) likelihood ratio test. Measurement errors, which more or less are always present in empirical economic data, essentially indicates that the variable of interest (the true signal) is contaminated with noise, which may induce biased and inconsistent estimates and erroneous inference. Our Monte Carlo experiments demonstrate that measurement errors distort the statistical size of Johansen's cointegration test in finite samples; the test is significantly oversized. A contribution and major finding of this article is that the proposed wavelet-based technique significantly improves the statistical size of the traditional Johansen test in small and medium sized samples. Since Johansen's test is a standard cointegration test, and we demonstrate that the constantly present measurement errors in empirical data over sizes the test, this simple alteration can be used in most situations with more reliable finite sample inference. We empirically examine the long-run relation between CO2 emissions and the real GDP in the G7 countries. The traditional Johansen tests provide evidence of an equilibrium relation for Canada and weak evidence for the US. However, the suggested size-unbiased wavelet-filtering approach consistently indicates no evidence of cointegration for all six countries.


Based on a set of thermal management studies of various types of oil waste, a process has been developed, equipment has been created and the possibility of effective extraction has been shown hydrocarbons from oil waste, as well as experimentally using experimental equipment that implements the process of steam thermolysis of organic materials, justified the technology of processing a wide range of waste with the receipt of analogues boiler and motor fuels.


The ethical disclosure section should be improved. In our institution, and also in the Rotterdam scan study, a list of IFs with presumed low relevance is accepted by the IRB with findings that will NOT be reported to participants due to unknown benefit. It seems that in this study ALL findings seem to have been disclosed. What is the benefit of knowing you have a DVA or a single MB? How was the disclosures of such minimal findings perceived by participants?


Cybernetics was formulated by its founders as a metadiscipline with the aim not only of fostering collaboration between disciplines (interdisciplinarity), but also of sharing knowledge across disciplines (transdisciplinarity). In this paper the relationship between cybernetics and the social sciences is reviewed. The distinction between first and second (in general, higher) order forms of cybernetics is introduced to characterize three approaches to the study of social systems. The three approaches are described as ideal types; it is acknowledged that in practice investigators may draw on more than one of the approaches and that there are contexts in which the distinctions between them become fuzzy. The three approaches are:

studies of social systems and social behaviour that adopt classical scientific modes of investigation;

studies that investigate the interactions of social actors;

approaches that attempt to characterise social systems as distinct forms of autonomous whole.

Pask's conversation theory, with its concept of the 'psychological individual', is introduced as a theory that is explicitly designed to build a bridge between the second and third approaches. Copyright © 2001 International Society for the Systems Sciences.


Abstract This study combines quantitative content and qualitative production analysis of two (public and commercial) television news programs in Flanders to investigate the impact of a Charter of Diversity on the portrayal of ethnic minorities. Findings of interviews with news production and ethnic minority experts show the ineffectiveness of a Diversity Charter not implemented at the heart of the newsroom. It seems unable to have an impact on journalists' media literacy and social capital, on the discursive structure of the news or characteristics of the production process itself – all more decisive factors in minority reporting. These findings are confirmed by the results of content analysis showing no gradual improvement of ethnic minority portrayal in a newscast produced under a Diversity Charter compared to news produced under no such Charter – both showing little changes in ethnic minority reporting.


Initially motivated by the need to address the environmental crisis, this study is an attempt to inquire on what Heidegger means by the dwelling of human beings. It begins with the fundamental ontology of "Being and Time (1927) and the concepts of « earth, « world and the « thingness of things in « The Origin of the Work of Art (1936), and then focuses on the public lectures of the 1950s, namely, « The Thing, « Building Dwelling Thinking, « '...Poetically Human Beings Dwell...', and « The Question Concerning Technology. In these later works, Heidegger's concept of the dwelling of human beings reaches its maturity. Dwelling, Heidegger asserts, is the fundamental character of the Being of human beings. Human beings dwell within the « fourfold: on this earth and under the sky, before the divinities and as the mortals that they are. Within the fourfold, things are set free to be the things that they are insofar as human dwelling always occurs as a staying with things. But we who live in the age of modern technology--held as we are under the sway of a calculating and objectifying kind of thinking--have yet to learn how to dwell as human beings. It is poetry, understood primordially, that first of all lets human beings essentially unfold as the ones who dwell on this earth. Latent within the essence of modern technology is the supreme danger that is "Ge-stell, or « enframing, but also that other possibility--our heeding the call to dwell poetically on this earth.


COPYRIGHT © 2023 Tan, Perfetti, Ziegler and McCandliss. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Neural bases of reading acquisition and reading disability


Breast cancer is widely used in many medical fields. The tumor pandemic drastically influences the health and well-being of the global population. In this proposed methodology, Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor Equality approach is performed. The extracted image of Breast cancer cannot be directly used for diagnosis. The captured image contains disturbances like noise, blurred image etc. To get a high-quality image from extracted panoramic. This approach is performed. To the extracted images, partitioning is performed to split up the images into samples. It helps for better recognition and classification. It shows the infected region of Breast cancer accurately. Before performing partitioning, the extracted image has to be preprocessed to clear out the disturbances in the image. After partitioning, feature extraction is performed by using GLCM and finally, classification is performed between the trained and test set data to produce a highly accurate image. It is done by using Fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbor Equality algorithm classifier. This processed image helps the dentist for good prediction. The objective of this work to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the classification process. In this way to reduce the FP (false positive) rate. The proposed methodology accurately separating the benign and malignant region accuracy.


Extended abstract. Network address translation poses a challenge for hosts that attempt to use protocols that place internet protocol addressing information inside IP payload. The same issue exists for the Stream Contro l Transmission Protocol and is even more difficult wh en SCTP associations are multi-homed. This paper deals with the options available for establishment of an SCTP a ssociation between multi-homed endpoints with multi-point NAT traversal on both sides and stress imposed limi tations, when a single-point NAT traversal is used instead. We will discuss a unique problem that SCTP introduce wi th multi-homing, which is port preservation over an entire SCTP association even if it traverses multiple NATs. Most of the existing traversal techniques do not c over synchronizing multiple NATs and are therefore inappropriate for SCTP. Finally, we will show how the NAT/Firewall NSIS Signaling Layer Protocol can be used for reserving the port number, acquiring public addresses and opening data flows over NATs that are included in the SCTP association.


The mineral oils are showing best performance as lubricant; but have disadvantages like the skin diseases, toxicity and environmental pollution etc. The previous study by the different scholars shows that, around 80% of all diseases were due to contact of skin with cutting fluids. The cutting fluids are complex in nature; cause irritation and allergy. To overcome these problems, the alternatives to mineral oils were explored by scientist and tribologist recently. The government regulations forcing the industrialists to reduce the use of mineral oil as base oil for lubricants and coolant and use biodegradable oils (such as vegetable oil) as base oil. The vegetable oil can be used as base oil for lubricants. It has certain advantages over mineral oils. Simultaneously, The characteristics like oxidation stability, ther-mal stability and hydrolytic stability are to improve. To improve these properties of vegetable oil, ( as a lubricant) it is necessary to add some additives; for example antioxidant and nano-particles. To study the rheological and thermal characteristics of vegetable oils , some oil samples were prepared and tested by using some simple techniques . The present work describe an experimental investigation into the determination of viscosity , coefficient of friction , surface finish and cool ability of selected vegetable oils. It is found that the properties can be measured by some simple ways and confirm the results achieved by this experiment with the results of previous experts. The viscosity , coefficient of friction and surface finish can be improved by adding additives. These methods could be used by small scale lubricant manufacturers and end users for the purpose of primary screening of new oils. keyword: viscosity, vegetable oil, coefficient of friction, additives etc.


To determine the normal (nl) distribution of Tl-201 uptake post exercise (EX) and at redistribution (RD) and nl washout, Tl-201 rotational tomographic (tomo) studies were performed in 40 subjects: 16 angiographic (angio) nls and 24 nl volunteers (12 from Emory and 12 from Yale). Oblique angle short axis slices were subjected to maximal count circumferential profile analysis. Data were displayed as a ''bullseye'' functional map with the apex at the center and base at the periphery. The bullseye was not uniform in all regions because of the variable effects of attenuation and resolution at different view angles. In all studies, the septum: lateral wall ratio was 1.0 in males and approximately equal to 1.0 in females. This occurred predominantly because of anterior defects due to breast soft tissue attenuation. EX and RD bullseyes were similar. Using a bi-exponential model for Tl kinetics, 4 hour normalized washout ranged 49-54% in each group and showed minimal variation between walls throughout the bullseye. Thus, there are well defined variations in Tl-201 uptake in the nl myocardium which must be taken into more » consideration when analyzing pt data. Because of these defects and the lack of adequate methods for attenuation correction, quantitative analysis of Tl-201 studies must include direct comparison with gender-matched nl data sets. « less


This study analyzes the determinants of firm's decisions to produce green products in Dong Nai province. We survey 300 firms which are currently doing business in Dong Nai in 2019. A combination of the propensity score matching (PSM) method and the logit regression addresses the problem of heterogeneity between observations in the empirical model. The result implies that a firm that (i) has assigned a leader to take responsibility for green growth; (ii) has an investment in emission treatment equipment; (iii) has procedure guidance for energy saving; and (iv) has an improvement in energy efficiency will have a higher probability to produce at least a green product. Moreover, a penalty for breaching environmental legislation does not encourage firms to produce green products. Several policy implications have emerged on the ground of our empirical findings. First, we propose cooperation and connection between domestic firms and foreign enterprises to inspire the production of green goods and services. Second, some preferential treatments for firms that assign a manager for green development can encourage green production in Dong Nai province. Finally, Dong Nai province shall consider policies supporting firms to mobilize capital to develop technology for green production.


Although earthquake disasters are often termed as a 'natural' disaster, a critical analysis reveals that most of them are in fact man-made, and caused by the human activities that are related to poor construction practices in both developed and developing countries. Damage scenarios of recent earthquakes show ample examples in support of this statement. While risk perception is an important issue in pre-disaster mitigation initiatives, social capital is considered as an important element in post-disaster recovery processes. Social Capital generally refers to the trust, networks and norms of a group, which influences its social, political and economic performance. Social Capital is used as an indicator to understand the recovery process, comparing the Kobe and Gujarat Earthquake of 1995 and 2001 respectively. After the Kobe earthquake, during the town planning processes, consultative meetings were conducted in designated areas, and it was found to be very effective in facilitating collective decisionmaking. The decision-making process was related to bonding social capital (factors related to community cohesion), linking social capital (links with government decision making), and bridging social capital (through multi-sector networks). It was observed that leadership played an important role in the use of social capital for creating a common voice, which was an essential feature of the post-disaster planning processes. In Bhuj, Gujarat, four case studies in different communities showed that trust in community leaders, networks, norms, and collective actions in the community, were related to higher social capital of the group, thus enhancing smoother and faster decision-making. Comparative studies of Kobe and Bhuj show that higher the social capital, faster the recovery rate, leading to a holistic rehabilitation process. In spite of the economic, cultural and social differences, the process of rehabilitation and its key elements for success are same in Kobe and Bhuj, viz. high social capital and strong leadership in community.


Shared-memory multiprocessors are often used as compute servers, with multiple users running applications in a multiprogrammed style. On such systems, naive time-sharing scheduling policies can result in poor performance for parallel applications. The reason is that many parallel applications are written assuming a model where applications are running uninterrupted on a fixed number of processors. In compute server environments, where new applications are continuously moving in and out of the system, the computing environment is much more unstable; processes are frequently preempted to allow other applications' processes to run, and both the number of processors and the set of processors running an application varies over time. The result is a decrease in performance due to a variety of factors, including processes being obliviously preempted inside critical sections and cached data being replaced by intervening processes.
This thesis explores the problem of developing more sophisticated scheduling systems to avoid the performance problems raised by running parallel applications in a multiprogrammed environment. It begins with a study of two previously proposed solutions, cache affinity scheduling and gang scheduling. Effective new implementations of each have been developed that maintain good response time and fair processor allocation. Performance results from a suite of multiprogrammed workloads containing parallel and serial applications, run on a 4-processor Silicon Graphics workstation, show improvements of up to 16% and 15% (over a standard UNIX scheduler) for cache affinity and gang scheduling, respectively.
The thesis then presents the design, implementation, and performance of a novel approach that offers high performance by combining the techniques of process control and processor partitioning. The process control approach is based on the principle that to maximize performance, a parallel application must dynamically match the number of runnable processes associated with it to the effective number of processors available. This avoids problems arising from frequent process preemption and allows applications to work at better operating points on their speedup curves. Performance results show speedups of up to 22% over the performance of a standard UNIX scheduler.