ULF pulsation plays an important role in relativistic electron acceleration of outer radiation belt. One of the ULF generation mechanisms is an excitation due to KH instability at the magnetopause. Claudepierre et al. [2008] reported the ULF pulsation following the KH instability using a global MHD simulation model. Our next generation magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling global MHD simulation model reproduced the ULF pulsation at the magnetosphere and the ground following the KH instability because the resolution is improved. In this study, we have done the spectral analysis to ULF pulsation at the magnetosphere and ground. We drove the simulation changing the solar wind velocity of 800 km/s, 600 km/s, and 400 km/s. we made the spatial distribution of the integrated ULF wave power at the equatorial plane. In the results, we found that the integrated ULF wave power and the peak frequency depend on the solar wind velocity. The integrated ULF wave power is distributed lying on 2-3 layers at the magnetopause. These features are consistent with the results of Claudepierre et al. [2008]. We also found that there is the region of the strong ULF power, which seems to propagate form KH instability, at L= 8 Re in the night side in the case of northward IMF and the solar wind velocity of 800 km/s. In this lecture we will report the results of the detail analysis.


First and second including a cylinder row, and each column is a cylinder and the internal combustion engine having a mechanism for adjusting the valve overlap between the intake valve and the exhaust valve camshaft, and an intake valve and the exhaust valve begins. The manipulated variable is the lambda controller is coupled to the column and each of the cylinder acts on the actuator assigned to each of the cylinders. The value of the manipulated controller variables, the valve overlap is so small that the influence on the operation control variables in that the operating state reach two cylinder columns non-valve is detected as the overlap value, while the effect on the control variables, the valve overlap is too large operation the value of the control variable operation at different operating conditions on the column are two cylinder valve is detected as the overlap value. It is determined for the adjustment mechanism assigned to the column the second cylinder according to the overlap value-correction value is determined first for an adjustment mechanism assigned to the first cylinder column or a modified value of two cylinder columns valve-overlap values and non-valve. Adjusting two cylinders column mechanism is triggered by a modified value that is assigned to them.


The aim of this thesis was to evaluate results of rehabilitation in 65 patients after stroke. From the results of FIM and Barthel index, we documented statistically significant functional improvement. Rehabilitation and ergotherapy is indicated in all patients after stroke, no matter what level of functional impairment they have.


Plant community composition and change was studied in the presence and absence of different mammalian herbivores over the first four years after a disturbance that returned the field to the seed bank/colonizing stage. Four types of exclosures allowed the differential control of herbivore accessibility: «control» plots allowed acccss to all mammals (i.e., deer, woodchucks, rabbits, and small rodents); «total exclosure» plots excluded all mammals; «large-gate» plots excluded deer but allowed access to woodchucks, rabbits and small rodents; and «small-gate» plots allowed access to onlysmall rodents. Results indicated that plant species richness and diversity/evenness were greater in small- and large-gate exclosures relative to controls or total exclosures (...)


Objective To find new method for the local treatment for pancrea cancer and to explore the safety, and effectiveness of the high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment for advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods Twenty-five cases of unresectable local advanced pancreatic cancer were treated with HIFU therapy. Seven of the patients underwent post-operation chemotherapy.Results After the treatment, the clinical symptoms improved, the tumors regressed by MR examination, and the color ultrasonography showed that blood supply of the tumors decreased and disappeared. Conclusion The HIFU technique provides a new safe, effectiveness and feasibility method for the local treatment for pancreatic cancer.


The study of in vitro cancerous cell behavior is a very important topic. We describe here a tool which we have developed and which enables cell motility, cell proliferation and cell death rate to be determined semi-automatically. The tool is based on the processing of images obtained by observing cultures over several days. Numerous experiments have already been performed. These experiments are described only briefly in this paper and must be considered as examples of applications of the device that we present.


BACKGROUND: Phenytoin has long been used to treat epilepsy and for some time as an antiarrhythmic drug (AAD). It is known that the diastolic calcium leakage through dysfunctional cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2) is a mechanism for arrhythmias in heart failure. Recent evidence suggests that phenytoin inhibits dysfunctional RyR2, reduces the calcium leak during diastole in heart failure, and may improve cardiac systolic function. This indicates the potential for repurposing phenytoin as an AAD in patients with heart failure.METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases was performed in March 2019. The search was limited to the studies published in the English language from 1946 to 2019. Studies on the antiarrhythmic effects of phenytoin in adults compared to no treatment or other AADs were included. Studies were excluded if there was insufficient clinical data regarding antiarrhythmic effects, dosing and administration of phenytoin and other ADDs. Conference abstracts, editorials, case studies and review articles were also excluded. RESULTS: A total of 157 non-duplicate titles were screened, and 25 articles underwent full-text review. 13 studies met the inclusion criteria, representing a total of 985 patients. Phenytoin was found to be effective in treating arrhythmias associated with digitalis toxicity, and in suppressing premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). In a recent animal study, phenytoin inhibited diastolic calcium leak through dysfunctional RyR2 in failing sheep hearts and improved cardiac systolic function without affecting normal functional RyR2.CONCLUSION: Phenytoin has an acceptable safety profile when used as an AAD. It has some utility in treating digitalis-induced arrhythmias and suppressing PVCs, however, further study is needed to determine its efficacy as an antiarrhythmic in heart failure patients given new evidence of its RyR2 stabilising properties.TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO database (CRD42019129125).


• Fourteen patients experienced recurring episodes of acute pharyngotonsillitis and acute sinusitis associated with an igE-mediated inhalant allergy. Bacterial infection was clinically suspected in seven patients, five of whom had pathogens on culture. The existence of allergy to inhalants was established by serum IgE studies and intradermal skin tests. A significant reduction in the frequency and severity of the inflammatory episodes was associated with immunotherapy. In six patients with recurrent involvement of the palatine tonsils, tonsillectomy had been considered before immunotherapy but was deemed unnecessary after treatment. It seems that inhalant allergy can predispose to, accompany, or mimic bacterial pharyngotonsillitis and sinusitis. ( Arch Otolaryngol 1981;107:543-546)


I was recently invited by the Centre for Innovation and Research in Childhood and Youth at the University of Sussex to speak at a symposium on qualitative longitudinal research methods in the study of child development. This interdisciplinary event, which was part of a programme of events funded by the National Centre for Research Methods, brought together anthropologists, literary theorists, sociologists and artists, but the focus of my paper was a discussion of cinema's capacity to document and represent the passage of time.


Although hardly different from the suggestion systems currently in use at many U.S. companies, the Soviet Union's rationalization proposal system operated in an environment where the effects of good and bad practices were greatly accentuated, and so easier to discern. This paper details the Soviet experience and the management lessons it offers.


The National Changhua University of Education (NCUE), Changhua, Taiwan, is located within the urban area of Changhua City in middle Taiwan. Founded in 1971, the University has two campuses: Chin-De and Pao-Shan, located about 15 minutes apart by car. There are six colleges, consisting of 24 Departments, as well as a Center of General Education in the University. The University was founded on the principles of preparing secondary teachers and research in education. In order to improve the quality of secondary school teachers in Taiwan, the Government of Taiwan founded the Secondary School Teachers In-service Training Institution in January 1970. The place was then designated as Bai-Sha Shan Zhuang (Village). In addition to teacher preparation, many new programmes have been carefully developed to best serve students with diverse talents and needs, and the University continues to broaden the subjects and opportunities offered to its students. Various domestic and international conferences have also been conducted on both campuses of the University. The following 4E's are the guiding principles of the University: North-East Asia Centre for Technology and Vocational Education (NEACTVE)


Blueschists are considered as the mark of plate tectonic boundary in the Gangmar -Taoxing Co area, central Qiangtang, Tibet. Based on geochemical characteristic s of major, trace and rare earth elements and the geochemical diagram, the proto lith of blueschists belongs to alkali basalt that is a skin to intraplate ocean island basalts, and formed on seamount-like structures under an intraplate plum e. Together with the geological features, it shows that it presents a Palaeo-Te thyan ocean in the central Qiangtang area. Therefore, the area may represent the boundary between Gondwana and Laurasia continents during the Late Paleozoic per iod.


Abstract Introduction Ingestion of foreign bodies are not uncommon, however enterohepatic migration of fish bones causing liver abscesses remains a rare phenomenon. Case Report We present the case of a 58-year-old female admitted with 11 days history of fever, rigors, shortness of breath and malaise associated with vomiting and diarrhoea. Her COVID-19 rapid antigen test was negative. She was tender in the left lower quadrant of her abdomen and inflammatory markers were markedly high so initial differential diagnosis included colitis and diverticulitis. Contrast Computed Tomography of the abdomen and pelvis showed an 8.1cm irregular hepatic lesion initially thought to be a multi-loculated abscess, malignancy or complex cyst. She was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics, escalated to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and discussed at the hepato-biliary multi-disciplinary team (MDT) where magnetic resonance images demonstrated a perforated duodenum from a 2.5cm fish bone penetrating from the duodenal wall into the liver parenchyma causing a necrotic abscess. She underwent percutaneous drainage of the hepatic abscess. Endoscopic retrieval was then attempted; however, the fish bone was not visualised. Definitive management followed with laparoscopic removal of the fish bone and primary duodenal repair. Discussion Identification of the cause of the abscess during MDT discussion enabled prompt source control which was key in managing intra-abdominal sepsis – radiological drainage in the first instance prevented secondary peritonitis from a potentially ruptured abscess and enabled the patient to be de-escalated from ICU. Previous literature suggests endoscopic retrieval however, laparoscopic surgery remains safer for managing complications following removal of sharp foreign bodies.


ABSTRACT Capsule: Studies of nest predation using artificial nests need to consider the effect of egg size on the types of predator that are detected. Aims: To estimate the nest predation rate in the Patagonian temperate forest and evaluate the influence of egg size on predator guild. Methods: On different plant species, we placed 108 nests each containing eggs of either Atlantic Canary Serinus canaria or Common Quail Coturnix coturnix, and a model clay egg of equal size to the real egg. Nest predators were identified from the marks left on the clay eggs or by videos recorded using camera traps. Results: 86% of the nests were predated. Birds, mainly Chimango Caracara Milvago chimango, were the main nest predators. A marsupial, the Monito del Monte Dromiciops gliroides, and rodents also contributed to nest predation. Nest predation rates were similar for both egg sizes but the nest predator guild was different. Birds and rodents preyed on both eggs but the Monito del Monte consumed mainly small eggs. Conclusion: Egg size did not influence the rate of nest predation but, instead, affected the nest predator guild. Consequently, in order to avoid underestimating the impacts of small predators, egg size should be considered in studies of nest predation.


1 Dallan I, Mandoli A, Lucchesi C, Bruschini L, Segnini G, Casani AP. Cranio-cervical necrotizing fascitiis: case report and review of the literature. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2004; 24: 83–6. 2 Wong KS, Remzi FH, Gorgun E et al. Loop ileostomy closure after restorative proctocolectomy: outcome in 1,504 patients. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 48: 243–50. 3 Arumugam PJ, Bevan L, Macdonald L et al. prospective audit of stomas-analysis of risk factors and complications and their management. Colorectal Dis 2003; 5: 49–52. 4 Robertson I, Leung E, Hughes D et al. Prospective analysis of stoma-related complications. Colorectal Dis 2005; 7: 279–85. 5 Unti JA, Abcarian H, Pearl RK et al. Rodless end-loop stomas. Seven-years experience. Dis Colon Rectum 1991; 34: 999– 1004. 6 Pearl RK, Prasad ML, Orsay CP, Abcarian H, Tan AB, Melzl MT. Early local complications from intestinal stomas. Arch Surg 1985; 120: 1145–7. 7 Yen Z-S, Wang H-P, Ma H-M, Chen S-C, Chen W-J. Ultrasonographic Screening of Clinically-suspected Necrotizing Fasciitis Acad. Emerg Med 2002; 9: 1448–51. 8 M Becker P Zbaren R et al. Terrier Necrotizing fasciitis of the head and neck: role of CT in diagnosis and management. Radiology 1997; 202: 471–6.


Network redundancies lend robustness to the neuronal injury response. This is a conversation with Mike Fainzilber about a Research Article published in the 13 July 2010 issue of Science Signaling.


In platform of mobile e-government,Web service is the most common usages in deployment plan.By reason of the Web service is self-contained and self-described and modularized,it can be invoking,it need to consider that security of the web service be used.Web service transmit data by SOAP,SOAP reformatting data in the shape of XML there are many venture in the channel,Non-encrypted soap message transmitted in an insecure channel may leak sensitive data.Data must be encryption if the data is sensitivity.In order to settle the problems in view of the foregoing,giving out a solution based on the.net platform.When use Web service,only authorized users can access to the services provided by Web services,when client log in,obtain public key first.In response to these issues:first client connect to the server,obtain the public key of server,and then negotiate with server about the asymmetric encryption key and symmetric key used for encrypting the soap,and obtained the encrypted SessionID from server.Use Soap header to achieve authentication,and use Soap extension to achieve Soap message optional encryption,ensured the security of web services.


T HIS paper presents a study of certain characteristic uses of the singular and plural of substantives in Latin poetic diction. The object is to determine, if possible, the force of the singular and plural numbers. It will also be necessary to discuss incidentally the sense in which metrical ponsiderations are a valid explanation of the occurrence of such forms in specific contexts. At one time or another the concept of metrical necessity has been used to explain almost every grammatical usage in Latin poetic diction; and the feeling is widespread that an accurate and careful analysis of the language of Latin poetry is scarcely worth while, because one can never be quite sure whether or not a particular form of expression has been chosen for metrical reasons. Probably the most famous statement of the importance of metrical necessity or metrical convenience for the interpretation of syntactical forms in Latin poetic diction is the essay of Paul Maas, "Studien zum poetischen Plural bei den R6mern."' Since what Maas terms a poetic plural is the standard example of a syntactical aberration from normal usage motivated primarily by metrical consider-


Against the silence on black women and their subjectivity in dominant culture, GAIL SMITH critically reviews the cartoon MADAM AND EVE. As a leading icon of black femininity in South Africa, Eve, the sassy maid, is no more than a stereotype of oppressed black womanhood, she argues.


A case analysis examines the Yum! Brands strategy of cobranding. Yum! Brands may be the most aggressive of all restaurant franchisors in combining multiple concepts in one location. Intended to boost sales per unit, the cobranding strategy allows Yum! to locate restaurants in locations that might not support a single concept by increasing the traffic and sales at a particular location. So far, the chief downside of the strategy is potential complexity in operating differing brands in one restaurant. On balance, however, the strategy has allowed Yum! to expand its brands both in terms of number of restaurants and in terms of systemwide sales. Yum! is extending its cobranding experiment to combine its Pizza Hut concept with that of Pasta Bravo, a separate firm's casual pasta restaurant.


Beyond analyzing the detail proved in bypast job, the theorem, the existence of local peak in general form of genetic algorithm, is proved. It is pointed out that a lot of selection and crossover operators can satisfy the conditions in this proof. For other familiar selection strategies, such as, linear ranking, exponential ranking and tournament, the model is constructed under finite population. So, the formula of operator effect under infinite population can be calculated by the limiting of finite model. The existence and convergence of local peak with these selection strategies are proved. Simultaneously, it is proved that the linear ranking selection strategy is irrelevant to strategy parameter. This strategy is equivalent to tournament selection which size is 2.


Preface 1. Introduction 2. The savior of capitalism: the power of economic discourse 3. The mentors of the Holocaust and the power of race science 4. Protectors of nature: the power of climate change research 5. Conclusion Bibliography.


Purpose – The purpose of this research is to provide a qualitative insight into contemporary issues of consumption and associated lifestyle identities within the branded coffee house sector in Scotland.Design/methodology/approach – Based on summary case findings, the ethno‐methodological approach has provided a consumer‐based focus via the use of narratives which have helped to build pictures on routine aspects of this social phenomenon for analysis.Findings – The study has highlighted a number of emergent issues and patterns pertinent to this popular sector as it infiltrates Scottish society. The addictive mix of quality products, sophisticated packaging, high levels of personal service with added social and environmental scruples have led to phenomenal growth in the postmodern Scottish urban landscape. Scottish consumers has become daily devotees to the designer cup with 83 per cent claiming that this type of consumption is fuelled by lifestyle considerations.Research limitations/implications – Fieldwor...


The partial discharge (PD) in a void of solid insulation is a typical kind of PD behaviors. The microscopic process of particle movement is simulated in this paper by combing particle in cell (PIC) method and Monte Carlo collision (MCC) method, which possess great significance for researching air-gap discharge. Adopting PIC to analyze force on particle motion and update electric density in the static aspect. Besides that, we also induce MCC to deal with the changes caused by collisions between electrons and neutral particles, including elastic, excitation and ionization types, which relies on cross sections to decide collision probabilities. Simulation results show detailed motion process and the streamer discharge phenomenon. The PD current pulse waveform possesses the trend of steep rising edge and gentle falling edge comparing with Gaussian distribution. Its characteristics are discussed by adjusting simulation parameters in this paper.


This study investigates the determinants of accrual-based earnings management and real earnings management (REM), and explores the influences of these earnings management activities on post-issue performance of private placements in Taiwan. The results show that investor type influences a firm's REM activities before a private placement. Compared with discretionary current accruals, REM leads to significantly reduced long-term performance. Notably, the relationship between pre-issue REM and long-run performance is significantly negative for non-strategic private placement firms, whereas the relationship is insignificant for strategic private placement firms.


Abstract : The syntheses of a large number of stable compounds which contain difluoroaminoxy (ONF2) difluoroamino (NF2), nitroso (NO), nitro (NO2), azo (-N=N-), fluorimino (=NF), and/or dichloroamino (NCI2) groups have been accomplished successfully. The mechanisms for their formation have been elucidated and their reaction chemistries studied extensively. In many cases their structures have been determined through the use of electron diffraction or X-ray crystallographic techniques. It has been found that NF2O is a powerful precursor for NF2O-containing compounds as well as for the in situ preparation of FNO when reacted with NO. Fluorination of NOC1 or NO2 with potassium fluoride also provides a ready source of FNO which has served as a useful precursor for a number of F-nitroso compounds whose chemistry has been pursued additionally. Tetrafluorohydrazine with polyfluoroolefins provided intermediates which led to new families of mono and bis dichloroamines that could be converted easily to highly fluorinated diazines. Kewords: Carbonyl fluoride, fluorinating agents, trifluoroamine oxide, N,N-difluorohydroxylamino group, nitrosyl fluoride, hepta-fluoronitrosocyclobutane, fluoroamines.


PURPOSE
The effect of two levels of prosthesis misfit on prosthetic screw stability was evaluated.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two levels of vertical discrepancies--100 and 175 microns--were introduced between an implant-supported complete denture and the terminal abutment. An implant-supported complete denture without vertical discrepancy served as a control. Cyclic load was delivered vertically on the cantilever portion of the prosthesis next to the terminal abutment for 48 hours for each trial. A total of seven sets of new screws were tested for each level of fit.

RESULTS
The results revealed significant prosthetic screw instability at both the 100- and 175-micron levels of discrepancy.

CONCLUSION
Vertical discrepancies of 100 and 175 microns introduced between an implant-supported fixed complete denture and the terminal abutment resulted in significant prosthetic screw instability.


Quality of life (QoL) is an important area of clinical neuro-oncology, especially in glioblastoma patients. Although previous studies showed an association between QoL and anxiety, few studies have focused on the anxiety level throughout the disease progression (Bunevicius et al., 2017; Kilbride et al., 2007). Underestimating anxiety may have several consequences: a low treatment compliance, exacerbation of somatic symptoms or side effects of treatment, difficulties with understanding medical information and lower cooperation with the medical staff (Spencer, 2010). In the present study, we aimed assessing the current state of anxiety in a prospective cohort of patients treated for glioblastoma. We also investigated potential correlations with other clinical and psychological variables to better understand determinants of anxiety in this population.

 At the beginning of their cycle of temozolomide cure and after radio-chemotherapy, 30 patients with glioblastoma were included. Inclusion criteria were: Karnofsky index (IK) ≥ 70% and absence of cognitive disorder that could interfere with the completion of questionnaires. The characteristics of patients were as follows: mean age of 56.6 years ± 12.5 (70% were more than 50 years old); 20% were women; 50% had a university degree and IK of 87% ± 5. Anxiety level was assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. This scale consists of 40 items on a self-report basis measuring how patients feel right now ("state") and how they generally feel ("trait"). We also assessed (i) QoL using the Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire 30 and the Brain Cancer Module-20; (ii) the presence of depressive symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; (iii) the self-esteem using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and (iv) memory complains using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire.

 The preliminary results showed that - at baseline - 21% of our sample reported high levels of anxiety. Correlation analyses showed that state anxiety was correlated with trait anxiety (rho=0.799, p< .001), QoL (rho=0.678, p< .001), level of self-esteem (rho=-0.514, p=0.004) and memory complains (rho=0.618, p< .001). Any correlation was found with age, education level, lesional lateralization or depressive symptoms. Women had higher state anxiety scores than men (t(27)=-2.4, p=0.02).

 These preliminary results suggest that higher current state of anxiety is associated with lower QoL and lower self-esteem, regardless the presence of depressive symptoms, age, education level or lesional lateralization. Anxiety level at the follow-up (4 and 6 months after the baseline) and determinants of its progression will also be presented and might help health professionals to understand patients' experience and better meet their needs.


THIS PAPER describes the introduction and initial field evaluation of clones derived from crosses between sugarcane and clones of three wild species, Saccharum spontaneum, Erianthus arundinaceus and E. rockii, collected in China. Seed from crosses made in China was imported to Australia in 2003– 2005 following protocols developed in association with Biosecurity Australia. Progeny were tested to confirm putative parentage using DNA markers. This testing revealed the first confirmed Erianthus backcross clones in Australia, and clones derived from diverse sources of S. spontaneum. These clones represent significant new sources of diverse germplasm for Australian sugarcane breeding programs. Initial evaluation of some clones in small plots is suggestive of many clones being vigorous with high biomass compared with sugarcane cultivars. Future plans are aimed at rapidly taking commercial advantage of this material for future sugar or sugar/energy production systems. Of particular priority is to evaluate selections in multi-row plots to obtain more reliable data on yields. This includes evaluating performance under marginal, dry environments, and for ratooning performance, where it is hoped this material may have particular advantage compared with current sugarcane cultivars. One to two further backcrosses of selected clones to high CCS sugarcane parents will probably be required for production of cultivars suitable for sugar production systems. However, some clones already available in the F1 and BC1 generation may be suited to possible production systems of the future that require low cost biomass feedstock for energy production.


The paper proves the importance of the development of the system of inclusive education in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, which is a long-term strategy that requires patience and tolerance, consistency, continuity, gradualism and integrated approach to its realization.


A process for treatment of waste water from the processing and treatment of organic wastes, particularly liquid manure, with a biogas fermenter (2) with subsequent thereto ultrafiltration (7) and reverse osmosis (10, 11), characterized in that a in the ultrafiltration (7) Schwebtrub separated in the biogas fermenter (2) is recycled.


This paper emphasizes on the problem of researching QoS (Quality-of-Service) routing algorithm in MPLS networks. Though the protocol of MPLS has realized QoS, the effective QoS routing algorithm is actually its realization guarantee. At first this paper designed the cost function formula, then proposed a least-cost-routing algorithm to calculate the least cost path, based on the information from MPLS net nodes, satisfying the specific QoS demands. In the simulation environment, this algorithm has the obvious superiority in raising path use utilization and balancing the network load and so on.


A seat belt retractor has an electric motor with driving means to retract and protract the seat belt, control means to control the driving means, seat belt attaching detecting means, retraction limit detecting means, so that when it is detected that retraction has reached its limit, to fit to the occupant's body, the motor is reversed to protract the belt a predetermined amount to provide a looseness to the belt for comfort.


ABSTRACT We have investigated molecular-scale changes in soil organic matter (SOM) as incorporated wheat and corn residues decompose and whether those changes are correlated with soil nitrogen forms. The 'initial litter quality hypothesis' that compositional variations in plant residues may persist during decomposition of these residues as they are transformed to SOM was tested. We studied soils in 6-year field experiments of a double-cropped corn–wheat rotation system designed with the following treatments: no crop residue and no chemical fertilizer, chemical fertilizer alone, wheat straw + chemical fertilizer, corn stover + chemical fertilizer, and corn plus wheat residue + chemical fertilizer. Organic carbon and nitrogen forms were assessed, and SOM chemical structures were examined by Fourier transform infrared and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We found that concentrations of organic-N in corn residues plus fertilizer treatment were significantly larger than those in wheat straw plus fertilizer treatment. In addition, concentrations of amide groups and NCH in SOM with corn residue treatment were larger than those in SOM with wheat residue treatment. Incorporation of both corn and wheat residues led to an increase in carbohydrate-derived components of SOM. Compared with the check treatment, aromaticity, alkyl C/O-alkyl C, and hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity indices of the SOM were lower with addition of residue. Aromaticity was greater in corn residue treatment than in wheat residue treatment. This study provides support for the hypothesis that the variation in chemical composition of SOM reflected the incorporation of distinct chemical structures in wheat and corn straw residues.


To develop the interest and temperament for good sc ien e and to begin a discussion within scientific community exciting science journalism is necessary. Definitely skill and knowledge of science journali sm and delivering these posts on the social media wall will promote a nd contribute significantly to develop the orientat ion of community towards science. The approach to motivate students t owards science education is highlighted in this pap er. Although my concern in this paper focuses on how social media h elps to promote science education among the youth i n India.


Diapensia L. is the second largest genus of Diapensiaceae. The taxonomic treatment within Diapensia and relationships within Diapensiaceae have been disputed. Chloroplast genome sequence data have proved to be useful for plant phylogenetic analyses and species delimitation. In this study, we de novo sequenced and assembled 22 chloroplast genomes of 15 species of Diapensiaceae, including all recognized species of Diapensia with multiple samples. A super‐matrix containing a total of 107 genes and 18 taxa was constructed for phylogenetic analyses to resolve phylogenetic relationships among genera of the family and within Diapensia. The resulting phylogenetic tree showed the following strongly supported relationships: (Galax, (Pyxidanthera, (Berneuxia, ((Schizocodon, Diapensia), and Shortia s.s.)))). The dated phylogeny and reconstructed lineage‐through‐time plot for the family indicated rapid diversification in the Neogene and an acceleration of diversification rate after c. 8 Ma. Biogeographic analysis suggested that Diapensia originated in the Northeast Asian mountains approximately 6.06 Ma, followed by northward dispersal to the Arctic and southwestward dispersal to the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains. Phylogenetic relationships within Diapensia were well resolved. Based on the phylogenetic results, we proposed to reinstate the species status of Diapensia bulleyana Forrest ex Diels, and raised D. purpurea f. albida to the species rank (D. albida [W. E. Evans] J. F. Ye comb. & stat. nov.). The distribution ranges of all species delineated based on the phylogenetic results were revised accordingly based on specimen occurrences. Our study adds new examples for the power of plastid genome data for resolving phylogenetic relationships and clarifying taxonomic disputes among closely related species.


Objective To investigate the efficacy of Edaravone combined with Danshen Ligustrazin Injection in the treatment of patients with acute cerebral infarction and its influence of C-reactive protein(CRP).Methods 127 patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into control group(n = 62) and treatment group(n = 65),treatment group was given Danshen Ligustrazin Injection 10 mL and normal saline 500 mL,1 time a day,for 14 days,and was given Edaravone 30 mg and normal saline 100 mL by intravenous drip at the same time,2 times a day,for 14 days.And control group was only given Danshen Ligustrazin Injection 10 mL and normal saline 500 mL,1 time a day,for 14 days.The clinical curative effect,neural function defect degree(NIHSS) scores,daily life activities(ADL) evaluation and CRP level change of two groups were compared.Results The total effective rate of treatment group was 86.15%(56/65),significantly higher than those in the control group of 74.19%(46/62)(P 0.05).NIHSS scores and ADL scores of two groups have obviously improved,the treatment group significantly higher than that in control group(P 0.05).CRP of two groups were decreased after treatment,but the treatment group was more marked(t = 16.582,P = 0.034).Conclusion The curative effect of Edaravone combined with Danshen Ligustrazin Injection is a effective for acute cerebral infarction patients,and can significantly reduce the CRP level.


In the light of the definition of wavelet transform, the characteristics of harmonic signal wavelet transform (CHSWT) were investigated in the cases of continuous transform and discrete transform. The result shows that CHSWT is far more different from the characteristic of white noise wavelet transform. Furthermore, the CHSWT in discrete case manifests nonzero of mean value. [


This headphone includes two earphones (10), each comprising a flexible pad (16) circumaural and supra-aural generally annular, mounted on a hull (14) receiving a transducer (30). The helmet comprises an electronic circuitry powered by a battery, and a battery charging circuit connected to at least one coil (20) refill by inductive coupling. The coil is accommodated in a bearing bush (16), and is housed in a bearing region (16) proximate to an outer boundary plane, carrying side, of the casing (16a, 16b) of the bearing, for example in the vicinity a seam (C) between two parts (16a, 16b) of an envelope of the bearing.


East Ohio Gas Company helped a local glass plant efficiently capture the radiant heat from a glass furnace to supply hot, dry air at 90/sup 0/F to another section of the plant. By installing a collecting hood, duct work, diffusers, and a fan for $40,000, the plant will save $27,560/y in bills for natural gas previously used to heat the warehouse and machine shop, located 200 ft away from the furnace. This principle could be applied to heat-generating areas such as hood annealing, drying ovens, and reheat furnaces in other industrial plants.


The anatase TiO2 was prepared by steam heating method.AgCl nanoparticles were then loaded onto the TiO2 via deposition-precipitation,and some of the Ag+ particles were reduced to Ag particles by photo reduction method.Ag@AgCl supported TiO2 plasma photocatalysts can be obtained.The products are characterized by XRD,TEM and DRS spectroscopy.The photocatalytic activity is evaluated using chloramphenicol(CAP) degradation under UV and visible light irradiation.The results indicate that the Ag@AgCl supported TiO2 plasma photocatalysts significantly improve the photocatalytic degradation of CAP performance.The degradation rate is about 95% after high-pressure mercury lamp irradiation of CAP solution of 50 mg/L for 30 min,and 60% after Xe lamp irradiation of CAP solution of 50 mg/L for 180 min.


Objective: To determine the risk of maternal mortality and serious maternal morbidity because of major obstetric haemorrhage in Jehovah's witnesses in the Netherlands. Design: A retrospective study of case notes. Setting: hospitals in the Netherlands. Sample: All cases of maternal mortality in the Netherlands between 1983 and 2006 and all cases of serious maternal morbidity in the Netherlands between 2004 and 2006. Methods: Study of case notes using two different nationwide enquiries over two different time periods. Main outcome measures: Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and risk of serious maternal mortality. Results: The MMR for Jehovah's witnesses was 68 per 100,000 live births. We found a risk of 14 per 1000 for Jehovah's witnesses to experience serious maternal morbidity because of obstetric haemorrhage while the risk for the total pregnant population was 4.5 per 1000. Conclusions: Women who are Jehovah's witnesses are at a six times increased risk for maternal death, at a 130 times increased risk for maternal death because of major obstetric haemorrhage and at a 3.1 times increased risk for serious maternal morbidity because of obstetric haemorrhage, compared to the general Dutch population.


Abstract We consider a two-dimensional Dirac oscillator in the presence of a magnetic field in non-commutative phase space in the framework of relativistic quantum mechanics with minimal length. The problem in question is identified with a Poschl–Teller potential. The eigenvalues are found, and the corresponding wave functions are calculated in terms of hypergeometric functions.


The discipline of fluorescence analysis, in the chemical sciences, requires the use of software for analyzing and viewing of fluorescence data. While there is software available for this task, it is generally both extremely expensive and proprietary. As a result, the software cannot be modified or updated to meet the needs of a specific researcher. This paper discusses the JFluro system, which is an open source Java based system used for the analysis of fluorescence data. The source code is freely available to researchers, removing the constraints imposed by proprietary software. Also, visual user interfaces have been developed to simplify its use for both novice and advanced users.


This article is aimed at design of a support and a tension mechanism to be mounted on a wheel-tracked chassis of a mine clearing machine. The subject machine serves to detect and disposal mines in terrain. The main advantage of this machine is the possibility to use it from the safe distance thanks a remote control. The wheel-tracked chassis mounted on the machine ensures that the machine is able to overcome extreme obstacles of a terrain. The solved design of the wheel-tracked chassis can be modifying to move using just wheels for better driving properties on metalled roads. Current design of the wheel-tracked chassis goes out from the older technical solution, which has been designed for a four-wheeled machine. The latest version of the chassis is designed for a six-wheeled machine. Application of an original structure of the chassis meets problems consisted in formation of ckacks in tracks struc-ture therefore the current structure of tracks has to be modified in order to meet all requirements in term of strength and long-term operation. At the same time, two design of a tension mechanism are presented. A tension mechanism is additional device, which will be mounted to the chassis and it will ensure the optimal position of tracks in every load case.


A preparation method of one-dimensional metal titanate nanorods relates to a preparation method of titanate nanorods, and mainly solves the problems that a titanate photocatalyst material prepared in the prior art has a relatively small specific surface area, a relatively low roughness factor and non-uniform size and shape. The preparation method of one-dimensional metal titanate nanorods comprises the following specific steps: 1, preparing a metal salt ethylene glycol solution; 2, adding a titanium source; 3, centrifuging and eluting; 4, drying; and 5, roasting to obtain the one-dimensional metal titanate nanorods. The preparation method has the advantages as follows: 1, the specific surface area of the prepared one-dimensional metal titanate nanorod photocatalyst is 2-43 times of the surface area of the titanate nanoparticle photocatalyst material prepared in the prior art; and 2, the prepared one-dimensional metal titanate nanorod photocatalyst has an apparent pore size distribution and a relatively large roughness factor. The preparation method is mainly applied to preparation of the one-dimensional titanate nanorods.


The giving of advice by caseworkers and the reactions of parents to advice are explored by analysis of tape-recorded caseworker-parent interviews


cussion from Beibei Wang. As water is constantly changing, so too is this music. Other than an ironic reference to Handel in the title, this is a rather enigmatic piece. The strongest moment is a triumphant fanfare accompanying the flushing of a toilet. This happens several times. Sweet Wishes has Paxton return to his trombone. This is even more enigmatic than the previous piece. It would seem that Tim Rutherford-Johnson would agree; his discussion of this piece in the liner notes doesn't actually discuss it at all. The interesting edge-of-coherence explored elsewhere on this album I think has been missed here. In stark contrast, Bye is the most focused and restrained piece on the album and is a welcome gesture of settling down. Saxophone, clarinet and wah-wah trombone play a stately chorus, like the pilgrims' chorus from Tannhäuser. The compositional task here is the effort to get out of this material, because, as beautiful as it is, it is like an endless loop of self-similarity. A very large-scale everybody-doing-everything climax tries mightily to achieve this. But once this train is in motion, Paxton seems unable to really alter its course – he can only add surface elements more or less in tension with a deeper momentum. There is so much to enjoy in this music, not least the extraordinarily vibrant and virtuosic playing from the Dreammusics Orchestra and Ensemble. From what I can tell, this group essentially is Alex Paxton and his friends, and this album is very much centred on him. He is credited for conducting, recording and mixing all six tracks, and the ensemble has no footprint unaffiliated with him. While listening, I found myself constantly evaluating how annoyed I was. I doubt this is a desired vector of listening. It went like this: somehow I had the impression that he was watching me, evaluating my response and throwing some shiny new thing as soon as my attention flagged. While it demonstrates an extraordinary musical situational awareness, it is also a rather exhausting dynamic. RutherfordJohnson writes that Paxton was a music teacher to young children while in graduate school. That experience has clearly informed his compositional approach. I really do think that there are wonderful elements to this music, though I also feel as though I have been treated like a child. But perhaps this is not such a bad thing.


This paper presents a unified treatment of constant mean curvature (cmc) surfaces in the simply-connected 3-dimensional space forms R 3 , S 3 and H 3 in terms of meromorphic loop Lie algebra valued 1-forms. We discuss global issues such as period problems and asymptotic behaviour involved in the construction of cmc surfaces with non-trivial topology. We prove existence of new examples of complete non-simply-connected cmc surfaces in all three space forms, with a special emphasis on the case where the surface is homeomorphic to a thrice punctured sphere. We explicitly compute the extended frame for any associated family of Delaunay surfaces and prove two general asymptotics results. Introduction. The Gauß map of a constant mean curvature (cmc) surface in three dimensional Euclidean space R 3 is a harmonic map [32], which can be obtained as a projection of a horizontal holomorphic map from the universal cover of the surface into a certain loop group [42]. Based on this loop group approach, there is a generalized Weierstrass type representation for cmc surfaces due to Dorfmeister, Pedit and Wu [11]. It involves solving a holomorphic complex linear 2×2 system of ordinary differential equations (ode) with values in a loop group, and subsequently Iwasawa decomposing the solution into two factors, one of which is a moving frame of the surface. As both of these steps are generally not explicit, the procedure has been implemented [33] by the fourth author in a software package called cmclab. Experimentation with cmclab has provided new insights and enabled the discovery of many new examples of open non-simply-connected cmc surfaces [22], [21] and [23]. To prove the existence of a non-simply-connected cmc surface via the generalized Weier-straß representation, one has to solve period problems and study the monodromy representation of the solution of the ode. The generalized Weierstraß representation generates a one parameter family of cmc surfaces, the associated family. The period problem can at best be solved for one specific member of this family, that is for one specific value of the loop parameter. In order for the resulting immersion to close up, the monodromy has to satisfy additional closing conditions, which can be ensured at the level of the ode. To show existence of new non-simply connected examples, we provide sufficient conditions which ensure that the closing conditions hold, and apply these methods to when the underlying domain is the n–punctured sphere for n = …


Pavel Kolář The party as a new utopia: reshaping communist identity after Stalinism This article examines the transformation of communist identity in the eastern bloc after 1956, showing both moments of decline as well as attempts to reforge it. It explores how communist identity was negotiated and reshaped beyond the highest level of party leadership, among ordinary party members. In the aftermath of 1956, the sense of belonging of the communist parties and the working class was seriously challenged by renewed national, ethnic, confessional or regional identities. The reappearance of these particular identities in 1956 disturbed the utopian narrative of a communist future. Yet, on the other hand, the belief in communist rule did not diminish. As this article argues, an ersatz-utopia emerged, capable of integrating the particular identities into a larger sense of purpose that centred on the party as a national and local actor. The study describes this change as a shift from a programmatic to a processual form of utopia, understanding the latter as based on spatially decentred and temporally fragmented narratives. Marı́na Zavacká Crossing sisters: patterns of protest in the journal of the Catholic Union of Slovak Women during the Second World War This article analyses how the Catholic Union of Slovak Women used its journal Nová žena [The New Woman] to engage in public debates and promote its specific agendas in a political environment where unconditional consent was expected: wartime Slovakia. The response of the editorial board of Nová žena to governmental policies varied in their intentions, content and final outcome, but all shared an identical target group: middle-class women and their families. The journal's response to four regime campaigns are discussed in this article: the exclusion of married women from employment in classrooms and offices; the restrictions on girls' education; the centralization of women's public and social activities; and the obligation imposed on middle-class families to employ maids. The article focuses on the period from 1938 to 1940, when the strongest clashes between the Catholic Union of Slovak Women and the regime took place. Initially, the Catholic Union of Slovak Women responded positively to the Slovak regime, due to a strong overlap in confessional, national, social and, to a certain extent, political preferences. Elements of ambivalence, however, were constantly present and occasionally grew into open rejection of particular government positions. This article asks to what extent, and with what results, the journal sought to articulate and defend the interests of its core readership. Matěj Spurný Political authority and popular opinion: Czechoslovakia's German Population 1948–60 The experience of ethnic minorities in Czechoslovakia contradicts the dominant Czech historical discourse, which is based on the opposition between the democratic tradition deeply rooted in Czech society and 'totalitarian' oppression coming mostly from the outside. From the point of view of the German population of the Czech lands, the extent of violence committed by the state and its security forces and other bodies was far greater in the 'democratic' period, 1945–8 than after 1948 during the 'totalitarian' 1950s. Those 200,000 Germans who remained in Czechoslovakia were subject to a politics of administrative control and care which replaced earlier policies that sought their elimination as a minority. While older studies have emphasized the continued political oppression of the German minority in the 1950s, this article emphasizes the social and economic conditions of the German minority. Germans did have opportunities to integrate into the socialist society; however, they were concerned about their loss of identity and the disappearance of the milieu from which they came. With regard to the German minority, this article highlights the tension between the end of coercion and anti-discrimination policies on the one hand and the social marginalization, loss of community and conflicts with the local Czech majority on the other. Filip Pospı́šil Youth cultures and the disciplining of Czechoslovak youth in the 1960s The recently opened archives of Czechoslovak Security Services and the Central Committee of the Communist Party allow for a deeper examination of the state and party policies towards young people in the 1950s and 1960s. Combined with contemporary media reports and oral histories, these archival sources reveal what values and symbols youth subcultures on the eastern side of the Iron Curtain shared with their western counterparts, and what was specific and particular to eastern bloc youth subcultures. In the years preceding the Prague Spring sympathizers of rock music and western pop culture were confronting different political systems and different political circumstances. In Czechoslovakia, the leadership of the Communist Party was struggling with an economic crisis, an ideological crisis linked to the unfinished process of de-Stalinization, and an internal power struggle between conservative and liberal elements within the party. In 1966, the party launched a systematic nationwide campaign against the 'longhairs' in an attempt to establish a broad social consensus over common values. The campaign, based on conservative 'petit bourgeois' values of proper work, decent dressing, just conduct and a conservative approach towards sexual relations, succeeded in gaining public support, particularly from the older generation. Alice Velková The role of the manor in property transfers of serf holdings in Bohemia in the period of the 'second serfdom' The aim of the study is to show how the manor exercised its authority over serfs in property transactions in the period of the so-called 'second serfdom'. The research was undertaken on the estate of Šťáhlavy in western Bohemia, which between the seventeenth and the nineteenth centuries was owned by a noble overlord. Specific examples of the lord's intervention were studied on the basis of records of property transactions, carried out by smallholders and full peasant holders, incorporated in the land registers. The analysis of these records has shown that in most cases the lord merely supervised the transactions, without any need to intervene in the property matters of his subjects. Besides those situations when the serfs themselves called for the lord to intervene, he asserted his power mainly in two circumstances: first, when his own economic interests as overlord were at risk and second, if he felt that it was necessary to demonstrate his authority. However, these interventions cannot be interpreted as evidence of imposing ever tougher restrictions on the serfs' condition, stemming from a presumed effort to tighten up serfdom. A detailed examination of the actual circumstances which provoked manorial interventions clearly reveals that it was by no means an arbitrary or unmotivated interference in the disposal rights of the serfs, driven solely by the lord's ambition or by an effort to assert his rights. It is true that the landlord did not hesitate to use his power if he believed that it would bring him economic benefit and strengthen his authority; this does not exclude, however, that the lord and his subjects would not be able to share a common interest, i.e. maintaining prosperous serf farms.


Abstract The success of a tertiary level course, and of the students in it, formed the basis for this study. The focus is a longitudinal study of the 1973 entry cohort to the architecture course at the Western Australian Institute of Technology. Alternative approaches to "success" are defined. Inherent problems in reducing life‐complexity to a limited number of variables are acknowledged. Something of the diversity of experiences and values of graduates and non‐graduates is indicated. Finally, pluralism and lack of certainty in the post‐modern world are commented upon. Reference is made to the potential for development of appropriate values, in the education process, against which each individual may gauge his or her success.


substrates demonstrated intact glycolysis subsequent to phosphorylase. By the same evidence, the muscle of the child, in which phosphorylase activity was already known to be somewhat diminished, now showed the presence of other enzyme deficiencies after the stage of FDP, in addition to a severe, but not absolute, deficiency of phosphoglucomutase. That this latter deficiency need not be lethal is confirmed by the recent identification in tissues by Hers (1961) and Rosenfeld (1961) of the hydrolytic enzyme amyloglucosidase, by which means glycogen may be degraded to free glucose for admission to the glycolytic pathway as G-6-P after the stage of phosphoglucomutase.


This study suggests a position estimator using linear hall effect sensors and iterative algorithm. Compared to other typical position sensors such as encoders and resolvers, hall effect sensors have several advantages. (e.g., insensitivity to both external disturbances and environmental contaminations, and having a scaleless property). Furthermore, linear hall sensors provide more detailed information on the motor position (i.e., finer resolution) than that of square wave hall sensors. Using those characteristics, a position estimator with linear hall sensors is proposed. Considering the sinusoidal property of the magnetic flux distribution along the position of the motor system, an iterative algorithm with dual sampling rates is applied. The effectiveness of the suggested method was validated with a simulation.


In this big data era, knowledge becomes increasingly linked, along with the rapid growth in data volume. Connected knowledge is naturally represented and stored as knowledge graphs, which are of more and more importance for many frontier research areas such as machine intelligence. Effectively finding relations between entities in a large knowledge graph plays a key role in many knowledge graph applications, as the most valuable part of a knowledge graph is its rich connectedness, which captures rich information about the objects in the real world. However, due to the intrinsic complexity of real-world knowledge, finding semantically close relations by navigation in a large knowledge graph is very challenging. Canonical graph exploration methods inevitably result in combinatorial explosion especially when the paths connecting two entities are long: the search space is <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(d^l)$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mrow><mml:mi>O</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="he-ieq1-2805363.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>, where <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$d$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="he-ieq2-2805363.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is the average graph node degree and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$l$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>l</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="he-ieq3-2805363.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> is the length of the path. In this paper, we will systematically study the semantic navigation problem for large knowledge graphs. Inspired by AlphaGo, which was overwhelmingly successful in the game Go, we designed an efficient semantic navigation method based on a well-tailored Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm with the unique characteristics of knowledge graphs considered. Extensive experiments on different real-life knowledge bases show that our method is not only effective but also very efficient.


Background: Gestational hypertension is defined as systolic BP level of > 140 mmHg or a diastolic BP of > 90 mmHg that occur after 20 weeks of gestation. Pre-eclampsia is the hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, associated with adverse fetomaternal complications. It is assosciated with proteinuria. 24 hours urine collection is cumbersome, time consuming and potentially misleading if collected inaccurately. The spot P/C ratio has been considered equivalent to 24-hour urinary protein for predicting proteinuria. Aim of study was to compare spot P/C ratio to 24 hours urinary protein in patients of pre-eclampsia and to determine the fetomaternal outcome in the patients admitted in Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana.Methods: A prospective simple random study. It included 100 hypertensive pregnant women being evaluated for pre-elampsia, regardless of the alerting signs or symptoms. The main measures were the urinalysis of patients which included urinary spot P/C and 24 hours urinary protein excretion and the fetomaternal outcome in these patients. The data was statistically analyzed.Results: A good positive correlation existed between the P/C ratio and 24 hours protein excretion, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.912. The sensitivity and specificity of 24 hours urinary protein versus spot P/C ratio ranged between 86.29%-99.51% and 8.35%-99.95% respectively. The positive and negative likelihood ratio of 24 hours urinary protein versus spot P/C ratio was 48 (ranged between 6.89-334) and 0.04 (ranged between 0.01-0.16) respectively. The positive and negative predictive value of 24 hours urinary protein versus spot P/C ratio was 97.96% and 96.08% respectively. Our data showed that urine spot P/C ratio above 3.9/mg strongly predicts significant proteinuria of more than 4 gram/day.Conclusions: Spot urinary P/C ratio with suspected preeclampsia can be used as a rapid alternative test to 24 hours urinary protein.


The sound velocity Vs of La2−xSrxCuO4 around x = 0.220 has been measured in magnetic fields up to 12 T. The increase of Vs by applying magnetic fields was observed in case of x = 0.220, and resembles the enhancement of the increase of Vs observed in the concentration of x around 0.115. The magnetic field dependence of Vs in x = 0.220 scales with that observed in x = 0.120. This result strongly suggests that the observed magnetic field effect on the sound velocity has the same origin with that in x ∼ 0.115.


This study examined the speech behavior of Japanese women when interacting with young children. Sixty-one single Japanese-speaking women, ages 18-26, were recorded as they read aloud picture books to a 1-year-old child and as they conversed with another Japanese-speaking adult woman. When their utterances were acoustically compared between the two settings with regard to prosodic features, both the average pitch and pitch excursions exhibited significant increase when interacting with the child in 17 of the 61 women. In 36 of the remaining 44 individuals, none of the parameters showed such changes. Any retrospective attempt to relate these findings to the individuals' preference for picture books, or previous experience with reading, or with being read the books, or with baby-sitting did not successfully account for the individual variability. The only variable that explained such results was whether the individuals had grown up with siblings or as only children, in that if they were only children, the prosodic modification was significantly less likely to occur. (Contains 22 references.) (MDM) ******************************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * ******************************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) N'ils:rThis document has been reproduced as eceived from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. CNi 111 Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent V) official OERI position or policy. rl "It Possible Characteristics of Baby-sitting Behavior of Japanese Women Who Have Grown Up as Only Children YUMI IKEDA AND NOBUO MASATAKA


Background: Deficit in cognitive functionis a main feature of schizophrenia. Verbal memory is the most impaired cognitive function found in schizophrenia. Positive and negative symptoms is constantly correlated with verbal memory in schizophrenia patients. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare verbal memory and psychopathology in first episode of schizophrenia and normal healthy controls and find its association between positive symptoms, negative symptoms, general psychopathology and verbal memory of schizophrenia. Material and Methods: A sample of 60 first episode of schizophrenia patients, aged between 18 and 45 years were assessed at baseline with Logical memory (from Wechsler Memory ScaleIII), and for positive, negative and general psychopathology. Thereafter, 28 normal controls were matched on age and education and were assessed for Logical Memory. Informed consent was obtained from all the participants. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of the Institute. Results and Conclusion: The schizophrenia patients group performed significantly poorly on verbal memory as compared to normal healthy controls. Positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia negatively correlated with verbal memory.


Stratified epithelia of the oral cavity are continually exposed to bacterial challenge that is initially resisted by neutrophils and epithelial factors, including antimicrobial peptides of the β-defensin family. Previous work has shown that multiple signaling pathways are involved in human β-defensin (hBD)-2 mRNA regulation in human gingival epithelial cells stimulated with a periodontal bacterium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and other stimulants. The goal of this study was to further characterize these pathways. The role of NF-κB in hBD-2 regulation was investigated initially due to its importance in inflammation and infection. Nuclear translocation of p65 and NF-κB activation was seen in human gingival epithelial cells stimulated with F. nucleatum cell wall extract, indicating possible involvement of NF-κB in hBD-2 regulation. However, hBD-2 induction by F. nucleatum was not blocked by pretreatment with two NF-κB inhibitors, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and the proteasome inhibitor, MG132. To investigate alternative modes of hBD-2 regulation, we explored involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. F. nucleatum activated p38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways, whereas it had little effect on p44/42. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 and JNK partially blocked hBD-2 mRNA induction by F. nucleatum, and the combination of two inhibitors completely blocked expression. Our results suggest that NF-κB is neither essential nor sufficient for hBD-2 induction, and that hBD-2 regulation by F. nucleatum is via p38 and JNK, while phorbol ester induces hBD-2 via the p44/42 extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Studies of hBD-2 regulation provide insight into how its expression may be enhanced to control infection locally within the mucosa and thereby reduce microbial invasion into the underlying tissue.


Polymerizable styrenic surfactants (surfmers) and nonreactive analogs, have been applied in emulsion copolymerization of acrylic monomers in a seeded semibatch process. Stable core-shell latexes with low levels of coagulum and controlled particle size have been obtained; some of them, with either steric or electrosteric stabilization, display excellent stability to electrolytes, freeze–thaw cycles, and shear flocculation. In addition, the reactive surfactants lead to films with superior performance due to reduced migration of surfactant to the surface (contact angle measurements) and dimensional stability when the films are dipped in water, as well as less water uptake. Some differences also appear in particle morphologies. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 4205–4217, 1999


This paper reports on the results of an evaluation of a rear-end and pedestrian crash warning system installed on transit agency buses with the goal of collecting and providing information to help agencies make decisions about investing in such systems. The results from this evaluation indicate that the tested crash warning system had a positive effect on improving the reaction times to rear-end and pedestrian conflicts and on increasing the yield of drivers to pedestrians. The results from the evaluation also indicate improvement in driver behavior as reflected by the increase in the time headway between vehicles, reduction in the number of alerts for both rear-end and pedestrian crashes, and the reduction in the number of hard brake events. However, bus operators' acceptance of the system seems to be low, pointing to the need for additional outreach and education of the drivers on the system and its effectiveness. The results from the return-on-investment analysis show that although installing the system on every bus of the transit agency may not be cost-effective, installing the devices on only the buses that operate on the high-crash bus routes is cost-effective.


With the sharp rising of new media like Weibo that shares short and real-time information, female discourse power has increased because of the increasing openness and interactivity on the platform. However, stereotypes and prejudice of the female image still existed. This paper takes the media's reports of the event "female medical staff shaved their hair for rescuing COVID-19 in Wuhan, Hubei" as an example, to criticize how the media portray such stigma of the female image by analyzing the description of the female staff's hair, the depiction of male characters in women-related reports, and media's deviation in Leading Responsibility as news disseminators.


This paper describes investigation into the change of temperature of asphalt mixtures during cyclic tests on cylindrical specimens. Tension-compression tests were performed at different strain amplitudes (from 55 μm/m to 133 μm/m). Temperature is measured at the surface and inside the specimen. From the analysis of the experimental results, the thermal conductivity (k) and the convection heat transfer coefficient (h) were determined during the steady temperature phase. The specific heat coefficient (C) of the material was determined during the transient temperature phase. This parameter is also indentified using a finite element simulation of the heat process. A thermal conductivity of 1.35 W/(m.°C) and a specific heat of 820 J/(kg.°C) were found for the asphalt mixtures used in this research. These values are quite realistic when compared to values proposed in the literature that are obtained using the traditional thermo-physical measurements. Furthermore, the thermal parameters obtained from FP2C, a device used for the identification of thermal properties of materials, confirm the results.


Being the de facto standard inter-domain routing protocol, BGP's performance characteristics have a widespread, sometime global, impact to the Internet. Anomalous BGP behavior could result in delayed path convergence, and in the worst case, network connectivity disruption. An in-depth understanding on BGP's anomalies will not only help administrators to manage the network better, but also help researchers to design a better protocol. Earlier studies offer enlightening insights into BGP anomalies. The anomaly could be induced by problems at lower layers. Besides faulty hardware and software bugs [1], propagation of certain worms [2], [3], [4] lead to route instabilities (route flaps) and pathological updates. These are known to delay BGP convergence and local dynamics do propagate globally. In addition, problems of BGP itself or configuration may also cause BGP to behave anomalously. BGP misconfiguration [5] is pervasive and substantially increases the update load on routers. Some misconfiguration events indeed caused major Internet connectivity disruption. Improper implementation of the Multi-Exit Discriminator (MED) [6] for cold potato routing and route reflection and confederation in I-BGP [7] could result in persistent route oscillations [8], even in the absence of topology change. The first step toward understanding BGP anomalies is to detect them when happening. This is however not an easy task at all. Given the humongous volume of BGP data, it is simply impractical for network administrators to manually pinpoint all the BGP anomalies and trace their root causes. [9], [10] proposed a visualization-based tool to detect Origin AS Change (OASC) events. Zhang et. al [11] applied both signatures (a pre-defined pattern of events) and statistic methods for anomaly detection. These works need extensive processing on collected routing data, and are therefore more appropriate for off-line post-processing.


Thirty four patients having autoimmune hyperthyroid disease divided into two groups according to the presence of orbitopathy sign, were eighteen active thyroid associatedG1-ophthalmopathy (TAO) (8 male and 10 female), and sixteen autoimmune thyroid without ophthalmopathy (10 male and 6 female), in addition to sixteen healthy control volunteers (7 male and 9 female); at a mean age of (29.27 ± 5.85years), (32 ± 8 years) and (31.12 ± 8.55years) respectively. Proper history with blood samples were collected from all subscribers for the estimation of some hematological, biochemical and immunological (IL-6) parameters in relation to thyroidal hormones. This study demonstrate a highly significant increase (P<0.01) in IL-6 level in patients without orbitopathy in comparison to TAO patients and healthy control group. While changes in the serum hormones levelare the same in all patients.Also in this study we confirm the strong positive correlation between IL-6 and T3 in all the participants' patients (TAO and TNAO). Conclusion: Orbitopathy is one of the signs that may or may not involve in the prognosis of autoimmune thyroid disease depending on: 1. The type, stage and activity of the disease. 2. May be due to the involvement of loci other than the immune causes 3. May be advert to the importance of IL-6 in the immunity of the eyes before the appearance of ophthalmopathy complications specifically if IL-6 in turn act locally in the orbit to stimulate its own production. 4. Should be study the effect of T3 on the immune system both in health and in disease state.


The problems of misclassification are common in epidemiological and clinical research. Misclassification may be present in either an exposure or outcome variable, or both. It is well known that the validity of analytic results (e.g., estimates of odds ratios of interest) might be questionable when no correction effort is made. Therefore, valid and accessible methods with which to deal with these issues are still in high demand.
In this dissertation, we first consider the situation when correlated binary response variables are subject to misclassification. Building upon prior work that extended McNemar's test to correct paired-data odds ratio estimation, we propose a nonlinear mixed model-based approach to adjust for potentially complex differential misclassification in correlated binary responses via internal validation sampling.
In the second topic, we shift gears toward predictor misclassification, for which we develop likelihood-based approaches based on generalized linear and generalized linear mixed models that can efficiently incorporate internal validation data in univariate and multivariate settings, respectively. We discuss the use of the approach both in the case when a baseline predictor is misclassified and when a time-dependent predictor is misclassified.
In the final topic, we elucidate extensions of well-studied methods in order to facilitate misclassification adjustment when a binary outcome and binary exposure variable are both subject to complex differential misclassification in the 2-by-2 table scenario. We develop maximum likelihood approaches to accommodate a broad range of complexity in the joint misclassification process while incorporating various types of internal validation observations. We then generalize the method to a more standard binary regression setting, allowing the incorporation of covariates both in the main health effects model of interest and in misclassification models for both the binary outcome and exposure variable. Throughout, illustrative examples are presented via detailed analyses of bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis data from the HIV Research Epidemiology Study (HERS).
Key Words: Differential; Misclassification; Internal Validation; Likelihood


(57) Abstract: The present invention is specified average particle size, substantially uniform skin care products with a spacing and coated value of the particle relates to a discontinuous film. The film, improved appearance of the skin, for example, to provide a coating and natural appearance of good appearance. Including silk screen method or the like and electrostatic spraying, the specific average particle size, it is possible to form a film by any method of providing a gap and coated value of the particle. The film is preferably formed by electrostatically spraying the composition onto the skin.


A two-dimension nonlinear wave-load numerical model in a time-domain is developed for the fluid resonance induced by the interaction between wave and fixed rectangular multi-boxes with narrow gaps. In the proposed model, the incident wave is generated by the inner-domain sources. The fully nonlinear kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions are satisfied on the instantaneous free surface. An artificial damping is introduced into the free surface of gaps to approximate the viscous dissipation due to vortex motion or flow separation. The corresponding boundary integral equation is founded and a higher-order boundary element method is used to discretize and solve it. Then the acceleration potential technique is adopted to calculate the temporal derivative of the potential on the body surface, and transient wave loads are obtained by integrating the Bernoulli equation along the wetted object surface. By the comparison with the published numerical results of the horizontal and vertical forces in the case of two narrow gaps of three boxes, the proposed model is validated. Numerical experiments are further performed to study the effects of the number of the boxes on the wave loads on the boxes and their variation rules.


This study investigated the relationship of a self-report measure of alcohol abuse (Alcohol Dependence Scale [ADS]) and subsequent serious institutional infractions. A correctional sample of 207 violent offenders participated in the study. Results showed a difference in the total number of infractions among levels of alcohol dependence. Specifically, offenders with substantial alcohol dependence, which has been shown to be indicative of polysubstance abuse, were involved in more serious incidents than those with other levels of dependence. However, there was no direct correlation between the ADS total score and the outcome variables. Implications for institutional classification and prediction of misconduct are discussed.


T story of the Queen of Sheba, based on the Biblical account of the queen's visit to King Solomon, has undergone extensive Arabian, Ethiopian, Jewish, and other elaborations and has become the subject of one of the most ubiquitous and fertile cycles of legends in the Middle East. Its mythopoeic power persists up to the present time and remains in some areas a favourite formula for literary and artistic inventiveness. In European painting and music the Queen of Sheba legend represents a theme with countless variations (including a recent Hollywood spectacular of rather lurid propensities). On one hand, she is Lilith the seductress and, on the other, the virtuous ancestress of the Ethiopian people. Several places of origin and many different names are ascribed to her, yet from this vast and confused skein of traditions and tales it is possible to disentangle some basic features which are common to all the stories about that famous encounter between the Queen of the South and the greatest of the kings of Israel. The survey 2 which I wish to present to you is intended to correlate the various members of this great storehouse of legends ; its aims are limited and its claims to any measure of originality even more so. II The earliest extant form of the Queen of Sheba narrative is the version preserved in 1 Kings x. 1-13 and 2 Chronicles ix. 1-12. There are some small, but not insignificant, differences between these two Old Testament accounts 3 which are of little


In this work, we try to show the influence of grazing of Chara by crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus ) in a small pond of Savoy. Even if a lot of this invertebrates escaped in the first days, this introduction had brought a decrease in production of biomass.


The fluctuation conductivity of a moderately clean type II superconductor with strong Pauli paramagnetic pair-breaking (PPB) is studied by focusing on the quantum regime at low temperatures and in high magnetic fields. First, it is pointed out that, as the PPB effect becomes stronger, the quantum superconducting fluctuation is generally enhanced so that the Aslamasov-Larkin (AL) fluctuation conductivity tends to vanish upon cooling. Further, by examining other (the DOS and the Maki-Thompson (MT)) terms of the fluctuation conductivity, the field dependence of the resulting total conductivity is found to depend significantly on the type of the vortex lattice (or, glass) ordered state at low temperatures where the strong PPB plays important roles. By comparing the present theoretical results with the fluctuation-induced negative magnetoresistance behavior upon entering a PPB-induced novel SC phase of Iron selenide (FeSe), it is argued that the vortex matter states of the superconducting order parameter in the second lowest ($n=1$) Landau level are realized in FeSe in the parallel field configuration in high fields and at low temperatures


INDO molecular orbital calculations suggest that the 7Li–13C n.m.r. coupling constant for the methyl-lithium monomer should be very large; this indicates the predominantly covalent character of the C–Li bond.


Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disease of abnormal retinal vascular development that occurs in premature and low–birth weight infants. Screening and treatment guidelines established by the CRYOROP and ETROP studies have reduced the rates of stage 4 and 5 ROP and resultant visual loss and are estimated to prevent 320 cases of blindness per year in the United States. Despite early treatment of highrisk disease, approximately 1 in 10 cases of ROP will progress to stage 4 or 5 retinal detachments needing surgical repair. This number is growing both in developed and developing countries because of advancements in neonatal care and improved survival of extremely premature infants (22 to 26 wk gestational age). In this review, we will discuss the most recent literature regarding visual and anatomic outcomes after surgery for stage 4 and 5 ROP. On the basis of results from the ETROP study, a total of 12% of eyes randomized in this study progressed to retinal detachments despite treatment. Several different surgical techniques have been used for the repair of retinal detachments associated with ROP including open-sky vitrectomy, scleral buckling, closed vitrectomy and lensectomy with or without scleral buckling, and, more recently, lens-sparing vitrectomy (LSV) without scleral buckling. Before the widespread use of vitrectomy, scleral buckle (SB) was the surgical treatment of choice for advanced stages of ROP with retinal detachment. Studies reported to date have shown a higher rate of anatomic success for LSV compared with scleral buckling in stage 4A


We investigated changes of activities of daily living of the elderly and disabled by the Barthel Index scores before, immediately after, and six months after the Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. According to variation in the overall Barthel Index scores before and after the quake, We divided the subjefts into two groups; The patients whose total scores had not changed after the quake were allocated to Group1 and the others to Group2. In Group2, physical condition got worse im mediately after the quake and their bad condition continued for six months. The . same tendency of the scores for the Barthel Index scores for mobility activities was recognized. These results suggested that after a big disaster the elderly and disabled who suffer from deterioration of physical conditions run a high risk of worsening dynamic movements in ADL. And once they lose their functional movements, such people may not recover them for a long time under the condi tions following a disaster.


Structural analogs of swainsonine and castanospermine have been synthesized using (4+2) cycloadditions of chiral azomethines with Danishefsky diene. Similar hydroxyindolizidines were prepared by (3+2) dipolar cycloadditions of sugar derived cyclic nitrones with methyl acrylate. Stereoselectivity of (2+2) photocycloadditions of uridine derivatives was also studied.


A hinged electrical connector. It comprises two connector elements 1, 2 mounted on circuit boards 11a, 11b. Portions 8a of female contact 8 of the element 2 comprise low-pressure contact members 22 electrically engaged with the outer ends 13 of portion 7b of beam contacts 7 of the element 1 when the pads 11a, 11b are parallel to each they. When the wafers are perpendicular to each other, elements 23 of high pressure contact portions 8a are electrically engaged with the inner sections 13 'of the portions 7b Application area:. Articulated electrical connections between pads and circuit boards, etc.


This study aims to evaluate the effects of perceived differences of national culture on employees' job performance based on Hofstede's national culture framework. Data are collected from employees worked in oversea branch offices or agents in the context of container shipping company. Based on factor analysis, five cultural difference dimensions are identified, namely, power distance, collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity, long-term orientation, whereas three transformational leadership dimensions are also identified: Charisma-inspiration, individual consideration, and intellectual stimulation. In addition, two individual related performance are also identified, namely, task and contextual performance in this study. In addition, ANOVA results find that perceived cultural differences exist between employees and their foreign managing directors from the perception of employees. A hierarchical regression analysis is undertaken in this study. Results indicate that perceived cultural difference dimensions such as uncertainty avoidance and collectivism, and long-term orientation have a positive influence on job performance, whereas power distance and masculinity have a negative influence on job performance. The study also investigates the moderating effects of transformational leadership. Results reveal that transformational leadership strengthen the positive effects of uncertainty avoidance, collectivism, and long-term orientation and weaken the negative effects of power distance and masculinity on job performance.


Ongoing deployments of intermittent non-synchronous power generators (i.e., wind turbines and photovoltaics) challenge power (electricity) system security in terms of matching power generation and demand. Higher flexibility in the future generation fleet and power demand are likely to play an essential role in maintaining secure operation of the power system. This paper proposes a stepwise methodology based on a set of indicators for future power system flexibility analysis through assessing (i) flexibility requirements, (ii) available flexibility resources, and (iii) power system adequacy. The proposed methodology is applied to a European case for 2020 and 2025 scenarios. The insights gained from this study can be used as input in distributing power balancing resources and to introduce new balancing products in a power market. Benefits of the integrated energy market are presented.


This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional composition and meat quality properties of Hanwoo steer beef by different cut. Ten cuts [Abjin (short plate), Bosup (top sirloin), Cheggt (striploin), Dngsim (loin), Guri (chuck tender), Hongduke (eye of round), Moksim (chuck roll), Sulgit (bottom round), Udoon (top round), Yanaji (brisket)] prepared from 10 Hanwoo steers (28-30 months old) were used for this experiment. The range of pH was 5.46-5.64. In the chemical analysis, Hongduke contained highest protein contents (21.15%) and Dngsim had lowest protein contents (16.94%) (p, whereas Dngsim and Cheggt were significantly lower than the other cuts (p0.05). Total amino acid contents were significantly higher in Hongduke (p


China's food safety has occurred frequently;We discuss this phenomenon from economic law.In the analysis of the meaning of economic law,economic law of value,running on the basis of economic law,pointing out that the market economy,the more the need to strengthen macroeconomic control,market supervision and improve and strictly implement the relevant institutions to give full play to social supervision.


Testability is a quality factor used to predict the amount of effort required for software testing and to indicate the difficulty of revealing faults. This paper presents a quantitative testability analysis method for a software component that can be used when the source program is not available, but the bytecode is (as in Java .class files). This process analyzes the testability of each location to evaluate the component testability. The testability of a location is analyzed by computing the probability that the location will be executed and, if the location contains a fault, the execution will cause the fault to be revealed as a failure. This analysis process helps developers measure component testability and determine whether the component testability should be increased before the component is reused. In addition, low testability locations are identified.


Two graduate classes, from different academic programs, were brought together to work collaboratively on the design and development of a Web-Based Training project. The projects were problem-based and derived from students' workplace situations. The classes were supported by a course management system that provided supplemental instruction, communication and file-sharing capabilities, as well as access to common resources and instructor guidance and feedback. Students met with their instructors weekly, and met for an hour of each class with their teams. They continued the team discourse via message boards, chats, and electronically shared documents, all within the course management system. This paper describes this experience and the impact the computer-supported learning environment had on the quality of student projects and recounts some of the stumbling blocks and successes.


Classic Paxos and Fast Paxos are two protocols that are the core of efficient implementations of replicated state machines. In runs with no failures and no conflicts, Fast Paxos requires fewer communication steps for learners to learn of a request compared to Classic Paxos. However, there are realistic scenarios in which Classic Paxos has a significant probability of having a lower latency. This paper discusses one such scenario with an analytical comparison of the protocols and simulation results.


A derivation of test sets S<inf>0</inf>and S<inf>1</inf>for irredundant unate logical circuits is presented. It is shown that these sets (S<inf>0</inf>and S<inf>1</inf>, respectively) detect all stuck-at-0 and stuck-at-1 faults in all realizations with no internal inverters of a given unate function. They can be obtained easily from the minimum sum and minimum product forms, from a Karnaugh map, or from a Hasse diagram of the function. These sets are minimum in the sense that there is no set with a smaller number of elements that detects all faults in the class of realizations of a logical function. In particular, it is found that a two-level AND–OR (OR–AND) network needs all the tests in S<inf>0</inf>(S<inf>1</inf>).


Reliability analysis of slope stability provides a rational framework for slope safety evaluation, which plays a key role in geotechnical decision making for landslide disaster prevention. However, previous studies mainly focused on the slope reliability analysis accounting for uncertainties in shear strength parameters. How to perform reliability analysis of unsaturated slope stability considering the spatial variability of hydraulic parameters remains an open question. This paper aims to systematically investigate the effects of spatial variability of hydraulic parameters on the unsaturated slope reliability. The random fields of hydraulic parameters are derived from the random void ratio field, instead of direct generation, for considering the spatial variability of hydraulic parameters in a rational manner. It is found that the coefficient of variation (COV) and scale of fluctuation (SOF) of void ratio affects the unsaturated slope failure probability significantly. Additionally, the failure probability is sensitive to the selection of auto-correlation function (ACF) in the unsaturated slope reliability analysis.


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a poly-crystal silicon thin film is provided to form a crystalline silicon layer having enough thickness for forming a solar battery by arranging a metallic catalyst atom inside an amorphous silicon layer. CONSTITUTION: A first insulation layer(20) is formed on a substrate(10). A second silicon layer(50) is formed on the first insulation layer. A second insulation layer(55) is formed on the second silicon layer. A second metal layer(60) is formed on the second insulation layer. A second metal oxide layer(65) is formed on the second metal layer through heat treatment. A third silicon layer(70) is formed on the second metal oxide layer. A second silicide oxide layer is formed by moving a metallic catalyst atom from the second metal layer to the third silicon layer. A fourth silicon layer is formed on the second silicide oxide layer.


Public education is one of the main parts of the public tasks which is undergoing continuous changes, and whose funding issues become an increasingly important area. Competitiveness, economic and social development are important for every society, and in order to achieve these, it is essential to evolve a modern education system. In the introduction the study analyses the issue of private and public funding of public education, under which we can state that public financing plays the most important role. Then the article discusses the problems of public education since the change of regime in Hungary. Continuous changes have been made in the system, but in the recent past a radical pursuit of centralization prevails, the state both in terms of governance and funding took over the school system. The study shows the financial aspects of the financing of public education and the levels of funding, then presents an international comparison of the Hungarian system. It is shown that the resources devoted to the Hungarian public education are reducing year by year. In conclusion we can see that the quality of public education continues to deteriorate, which can only further worsened by the decline in resources.


The infestation of armoured scale insects on kiwifruit at various distances from the leader in a commercial organic cv. Hayward block in the Bay of Plenty was examined at harvest in 2005. This was to test the hypothesis that fruit further from the leader have fewer armoured scale insects than those nearer to the leader. From the 25 pergola-trained vines examined, kiwifruit from directly beneath the leader had a significantly higher probability of being infested with armoured scale insects (26%) compared with fruit sampled from 0.8 m (11.6%) or 1.6 m (6.3%) away from the leader. The orientation of fruit on the vine (west-facing or east-facing) had no effect on armoured scale insect incidence. Individual vines differed significantly in their level of armoured scale insect infestation. Latania scale comprised 84% of the scale insects. The implications of these results for growers are discussed.


— Researchers developed a method to apply the row geometric mean method to improve the consistent index of a given reciprocal comparison matrix. We provide a detailed examination of their approach to find out that sometimes their adjustments will violate the 1-9 scale rule proposed by the original restriction in Analytic Hierarchy Process. Hence, their development contained severely questionable results. We advise practitioners with caution when trying to apply their approach to adjust their comparison matrices.


In the Maghreb countries, contraception and sexual health have often been analyzed only from the point of view of women already married. It is not yet accepted in those societies that single women can have sex before marriage and even less to use any contraception or prevention. Legally, the reproductive life begins with marriage. For a long time, information and studies on knowledge of contraceptive methods, representations, and practices related to married women. In this work we study for the first time, even if indirectly, attitudes, perceptions and sexual practices outside of marriage. Our study is based on a comparative approach between women and men, and between Maghreb countries. To carry out this study, we used multiple data sources. We recovered the three Maghreb countries and in-depth reports of the three major surveys in 2002 in Algeria, 2006-2007 Morocco and Tunisia 2001.