Sir, hepcidin is a 25-amino acid peptide that is proposed to be a central mediator of iron metabolism, which acts by limiting intestinal iron absorption and promoting iron retention in reticuloendothelial cells (Leong & Lönnerdal, 2004; Hugman, 2006). The human hepcidin gene encodes a prepropeptide of 84 amino acids, pro-hepcidin (Leong & Lönnerdal, 2004). Serum pro-hepcidin levels were analyzed in healthy adults and newborns, and a variety of adult patients (Kulaksız et al., 2004; Eleftheriadis et al., 2006; Luukkonen & Punnonen, 2006; Tiker et al., 2006). The relatively small number of studies of hepcidin in human anaemia syndromes suggest that this peptide has been thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of human anaemia types, especially anaemia of chronic disease (Means, 2004). In a recently published study (Ulukol et al., 2007), we evaluated the serum concentrations of pro-hepcidin of 90 healthy infants aged 4–12 months (mean age: 6.5 ± 2.6 months). According to erythrocyte indices and serum ferritin levels, 16 infants aged 4–6 months (eight boys and eight girls, mean age: 5.6 ± 1.9 months) diagnosed with iron deficiency anaemia and these infants have been excluded from our previous study. In this present report, we evaluated the serum pro-hepcidin levels of these anaemic infants. These infants were not receiving any iron treatment or prophylaxis at the moment of study. The serum pro-hepcidin levels of these infants were compared with those of 54 healthy nonanaemic infants, who were within the similar age range (4–6 months, mean age: 5.04 ± 0.9 months, 29 boys and 25 girls). Serum pro-hepcidin levels were measured using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DRG International, Inc., New Jersey, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using the spss 11.5. The Student's t-test was used to compare the levels of the groups. Table 1 shows laboratory findings of these infants. Serum pro-hepcidin values were in the ranges of 65–420 ng/ml in anaemic infants (179.3 ± 106.9 ng/ml). The pro-hepcidin levels of the anaemic infants were statistically similar with those of the healthy ones. This present report indicated wide physiological variations in serum pro-hepcidin concentrations among the infants aged 4–6 months with iron deficiency anaemia. Previous animal studies show that hepcidin gene expression is downregulated when iron availability is low, and overexpression of hepcidin results in severe iron deficiency in mice (Nicolas et al., 2002a; Mazur et al., 2003). LETTER TO THE EDITOR INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LABORATORY HEMATOLOGY


The aim of this work is to develop a state of the art on a particular part of American economic history, a part of vital importance to understand the present-day crisis. Specifically, the study focuses on the period from the 50s to the late 80s of the twentieth century, a brief but intense stage in which neoliberalism began to take shape as a theory, this being especially defended by the well-known economist Milton Friedman. Subsequently, President Reagan would become the head of its political application, a transcendental event which has conditioned the economic policies of the Western countries until today.


This essay introduces to a wider audience the manuscript that I call the Welles-Ros Bible (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS fr. 1), the most complete surviving witness and sole extant illuminated copy of the Anglo-Norman Bible, the earliest full prose vernacular Bible produced in England. I argue that this grand, multilingual manuscript and the vernacular translation preserved in its pages were commissioned in the 1360s by the widowed baroness Maud de Ros to serve as a primer, mirror, guide, family archive, and source of consolation for her son, John, fifth Baron Welles of Welle, Lincolnshire, and other estates. Working under the direction of a Carmelite chaplain, who I believe composed the translation, the two secular artists who illuminated the manuscript strove to visualize scripture in a manner that was at once faithful to the vernacular biblical text in all its concrete detail, evocative of its most elevated themes, and relevant to the values and lived experience of its intended reader-viewer. I show how the Bible's pictorial and heraldic program reframes Christian salvation history as Welles family history. In addition, using as case studies a selection of illustrations for the Old Testament books, I endeavor to reconstruct the main artist's creative process, and to identify some of the possible contours of the collaboration that produced the Bible's visual program. This essay contributes to our picture of lay literate and religious aspiration; the history of Bible translation and reception; women's cultural patronage; artists' literacy and working methods; and medieval ideas about gender, sexuality, memory, and the emotions in post-Black Death England.


Objectives We have previously described immune restoration diseases (IRD) associated with asymptomatic opportunistic infections presenting in immunodeficient HIV patients responding to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Here we address the question of whether patients with a history of IRD exhibit persistent immune activation, shown by elevated levels of interleukin‐(IL)‐6 and soluble IL‐6 receptor (sIL‐6R).


G-N algorithm is an effective method to solve complicated nonlinear problems in engineering.The Q-s curve of single pile has complicated nonlinear features because the ultimate bearing capacity of single pile is affected by many factors.Based on the results of static load test of prestressed concrete pipe piles,G-N program is developed by MATLAB to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of prestressed concrete pipe piles.Calculation results are consistent with those from measurement.it will be widely applied in civil engineering.


As pre-service instructors, we turned to longitudinal study of our graduates as a primary means of finding out how our courses could better prepare student teachers for the challenging early years of teaching. In addition, we used other self-study methods, notably regular feedback from student teachers during the program. The study of 22 graduates over their first three years of teaching revealed that program planning and vision for teaching were two especially important areas that were not adequately addressed in pre-service. In this paper we discuss how we changed our courses to be more effective in these areas.


Diversification of specific DNA segments typically involve in vitro generation of large sequence libraries and their introduction in cells for selection. Alternative in vivo mutagenesis systems on cells often show deleterious offsite mutations and restricted capabilities. To overcome these limitations, we have developed an in vivo platform to diversify specific DNA segments based on protein fusions between various base deaminases (BD) and the T7 RNA polymerase (T7RNAP) that recognizes a cognate promoter oriented towards the target sequence. The transcriptional elongation of these fusions generates transitions C to T or A to G on both DNA strands and in long DNA segments. To delimit the boundaries of the diversified DNA, the catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) is tethered with custom-designed crRNAs as a "roadblock" for BD-T7RNAP elongation. While the efficiency of this platform is demonstrated in E. coli, the system can be adapted to a variety of bacterial and eukaryotic hosts.


Patrick F. Walsh is a former intelligence analyst and is currently Associate Professor in Intelligence and Security Studies at Charles Sturt University, Australia. He is therefore well qualified to...


The article presents results of laboratory tests performed on samples of NOMEX®910 cellulose–aramid insulation impregnated with Nynas Nytro 10× inhibited insulating mineral oil using the polarization and depolarization current analysis method (PDC Method). In the course of the tests, the insulation samples were subjected to a process of accelerated thermal degradation of cellulose macromolecules, as well as weight-controlled dampening, thereby simulating the ageing processes occurring when using the insulation in power transformers. The effects of temperature in the ranges typical of normal transformer operation were also taken into account. On the basis of the obtained data, the activation energy was then fixed together with dominant time constants of cellulose–aramid insulation relaxation processes with respect to the temperature and degree of moisture, as well as thermal degradation of cellulose macromolecules. It was found that the greatest and predictable changes in the activation energy value were caused by the temperature and the degree of moisture in the samples. A similar conclusion applies to the dominant time constant of the relaxation process of cellulose fibers. Degree of thermal degradation samples was of marginal importance for the described parameters. The final outcome of the test results and analyses presented in the article are regression functions for the activation energy and the dominant time constants depending on the earlier listed parameters of the experiment, which may be used in the future diagnostics of the degree of technical wear of cellulose–aramid insulation performed using the PDC method.


This study aims to improve the ability of understanding the engineering sketch among student of class XI AV4 SMK Negeri 3 Wonosari (vocational high school) by applying guided inquiry model. This action class research used descriptive statistical approach. This study conducted in two cycle, with 4 component in each cycle, i.e. planning, action, observation, and reflection. Subject of the study were 32 students. Instruments of this study were teacher activity observation sheet, student activity observation sheet, and assessment sheet of understanding the engineering sketch. Results of the study reveal 1) the improvement of teacher and student activity during the learning procces, 2) the improvement of student activity, and 3) the improvement of student's ability in understanding the engineering sketch. The teacher activity in cycle I was 64% (bad category) then increased to 88% (good category) in cycle II. The student activity in cycle I was 71 (good category) then increased to 87% (excellent category) in cycle II. The student abillity to understanding the engineering sketch also improve from 31% before the cycles, became 56.25% in cycle I, and further increased to 87.5% and in cycle II. It can be concluded from the study that guided inquiry model may improve the ability of understanding the engineering sketch among student of class XI AV4 SMK Negeri 3 Wonosari, both in the individual and classical completeness.


The intensities of 47 rovibrational ozone lines belonging to theν 3 band have been recorded by a Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer (TDLS) developed at the Reims GSMA (France). The results of this analysis are presented here.


These books rely upon different methodologies. They examine America's distended criminal justice system at different scales. They ask fundamentally different research questions. Despite these important differences (to which we will return), they converge in a central aspect of their many impressive findings. Both books strongly suggest that race based bias in our criminal justice practice is not just the implicit kind, but a product of explicit, conscious, strategic uses oflanguage and action to direct racial meanings of crime and punishment that have been promoted at the highest levels of our national government, and that are actively reproduced day after day by frontline professionals. Recently, implicit bias2 has received growing attention in accounting for the striking inequities in the distribution of penal harm of all sorts from police shootings of unarmed suspects to life sentences under California's notoriously harsh "Three-Strikes and You're Out" law. A host of robust experimental studies demonstrate that sub-conscious cognitive associations between race status and threatening conduct (e.g., presenting a weapon) make it hard to produce equitable results in tasks that involve sorting people by their potential threat. These findings are hugely important, especially in understanding why bias persists despite measurable declines in racially hostile attitudes in frontline criminal justice workers.


The authorship problem of a postscript to the Apostle of 1307 as a form of «sternian» N.M. Karamzin's self-expression is being investigated. The relative image of a penman Domid is placed in the typological line including legendary Damon, whose words about his friend: «what he does, his deed is not a crime» («Philalet to Melodor», 1795) from the pen of N.M. Karamzin should be perceived as the self-justification of the actor-mystifier.


Among 120 Colletotrichum spp. and Bacillus spp. isolated from diseased red pepper fruits in Korea, 84 isolates were identified C.
gloeosporioides. Bacillus sp. IUB066-22 showed strong inhibition effect on mycelial growth and spore germination of C. gloeosporioides and Botrytis
cinerea. The strain was identified as B. licheniformis IUB066-22 by physiological, biochemical characteristics and Microlog analysis. The optimal
cultivation temperature was 30oC for 36 hrs in LB broth with pH 8.0. Red pepper fruits treated with C. gloeosporioides showed symptoms of
anthracnose, while those treated with the crude extract and C. gloeosporioides did not show the symptom. Therefore, the antifungal substances of
B. licheniformis IUB066-22 investigated in this study have potential as biocontrol agents in the future.


Excessive use of chemical fertilizers in the soil will cause excessive residues of heavy metals, soil hardening and high soil alkalinity. A soil pH tester is generally used to test the soil pH scale to ensure the normal growth of crops. However, the tester cannot be used directly in the case of soil hardening and the soil should be moistened before measurement. In addition, existing soil pH testers can only perform single-point tests, and multiple tests are generally required in order to obtain accurate experimental data. Common deep soil pH test devices are difficult to use and have the problem of inaccurate measurement results due to excessive impurities in the soil in the process of use, resulting in errors in soil analysis which require secondary revision to improve the soil environment. To make up for the defects of existing technologies, this study designs a deep high-moisture soil pH tester, which has the advantage of high soil impurity filtering performance and addresses the problem of inaccurate measurement results due to excessive impurities in the soil.


Text functions of a chronometric subcode in M.A. Bulgakov's novel are considered in the paper. Language ways of its semantic complication and means of expressing new implications of chronometric units are described.


The major goals of this study are to investigate the correlation between the cormorbid symptom and the prognosis of conduct disorder in the adolescents. for this purpose, according to the result of 6-month follow-up of discharged patient who met the criteria of conduct disorder in admission, good-prognosis group(n=37) and poor-prognosis group(n=36) were selected. Authors applied Children's Depression Inventory and Trait Anxiety Inventory, Conners Parenting Rating Scale. Yale Children's Inventory to two groups. The results are summarized as follows : 1) Using CDI, the mean scores of poor-prognosis group were significantly higher compared with those of good prognosis group. 2) Using TAI, CPRS, YCI, the mean scores of poor-prognosis group were insignificantly higher compared with those of good prognosis. 3) The limitation of our study is that number of subjects is small, definition of prognosis is ambiguous, and period of 6 month follow-up is short.


The utility model relates to a three-lens optical taking lens which consists in sequence from the object side of a first lens piece with a plus diopter, which is a crescent non-spherical lens; a second lens piece with a minus diopter, which is a crescent non-spherical lens; a third lens piece with a minus diopter, which is an M-shaped non-spherical lens, the object flank and the image flank of which are both M-shaped and can be convex or concave on the central surface of the optical axis; an infrared optical filter and an image sensor. The utility model meets the following conditions, i.e. d is more than or equal to 0.4f and less than 0.9f, the absolute value of R1/R2 is more than 0.3 and less than 0.6, Fno is more than or equal to 2.8 and less than 3.6, br/f is more than 0.2 and less than 0.4, f1/f is more than 0.5 and less than 1, f3/f is more than -0.40 and less than -1.1, wherein, f and Fno are the effective focal length and the focal number of the system, d is the distance between the object flank of the first lens piece and the image flank of the third lens piece, R1 is the curvature radius of the object flank of the first lens piece, R2 is the curvature radius of the image flank of the first lens piece, Fno is the focal number of the taking lens system, br is the back focal length of the taking lens system, and f1 and f3 are the effective focal lengths of the first lens piece and the third lens piece respectively, thereby achieving the goal of upgrading the applicability of the taking lens effectively.


To provide trustworthy and timely information is the most important tasks of wireless sensor networks. Providing quality of service (QoS) to satisy the end users and matching WSN constraints, has become an significant research work. Nevertheless, majority of research in this area has overlooked the fact that ensures the QoS requires a cross-layer approach straddling through all layers of the protocol stack. Transmission of data in this scenario requires both energy and QoS aware network management in order to ensure efficient usage of the sensor resources and effective access to the gathered measurements. In this paper we highlight the architectural and operational challenges of handling of QoS traffic in sensor networks and to increase the energy efficiencyof the sensors. Index Terms QoS, WSN, routing, energy


Knowledge management is considered a vital issue for all sectors in terms of what it means, how it is conceived and how it should be managed to be efficiently exploited. Thus, university is called to create opportunities for interaction with State and business sectors by applying strategies supported on sustainable and self-sustaining projects to meet the needs of the local and regional educational communities. In order to do this, in the framework of UNAD's mision, the experiences developed by Arbelaez CEAD, leading to the consolidation of a Knowledge Management Centre, are presented here.


The utility model discloses a digital ball machine with a heartbeat function. The digital ball machine comprises a digital ball machine body and a control host; the control host is used for setting various parameters of the digital ball machine, and the parameters include preset point, cruise scan path, synchronized scan, automatic scan, random scan and frame scan; a heartbeat chip is arranged in the interior of the digital ball machine body, the heartbeat chip is used for sending signals showing normal online work to the control host, and has a memory function, therefore, if the ball machine is powered down, the digital ball machine stops sending signals to the control host, meanwhile the position where the ball machine is powered down can be memorized after staying for a preset period, therefore, after being powered on, the ball machine can return to the position where the ball machine is located before being powered down, so that the fact that the ball machine cannot monitor effective area after the restart of the ball machine with the returned electricity can be avoided.


The results of the field experiment conducted during winter (irrigated) seasons of 2000–2001 and 2001–2002 revealed that application of organic manure improved yield attributes and yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L, s.l.). Application of vermicompost @ 4.5 tonnes/ha resulted in the highest grain yield over no-organic manure, vermicompost @ 1.5 and 3.0 tonnes/ha and FYM @ 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 tonnes/ha respectively. However, vermicompost @ 4.5 tonnes/ha being at par with vermicompost @ 3.0 tonnes/ha recorded significantly highest net returns. However, vermicompost @ 4.5 tonnes/ha brought significantly highest uptake of NPK over rest of the treatments. Further, the vermicompost @ 1.5 tonnes/ha was almost equally effective with FYM @ 7.5 and 10.0 tonnes/ha. Increasing dose of nitrogen improved significantly the yield attributes, yields, net returns, total uptake of NPK in barley crop. The combined application of vermicompost @ 4.5 tonnes/ha + 40 kg N/ha obtained higher grain yield.


The authors argue that enhancing 'transparency' needs to be integrated with effective, evidenceand science-based benefit risk communications (Löfstedt and Way 2014). That seems to me to be axiomatic but the danger is that the old approach to medicine, i.e. doctor knows best, will prevail because to change to a transparent system may be deemed too hard. As a policy-maker, I reject that idea and will always argue in favour of informed choice. But by informed, I mean using metrics that I can comprehend. So, the consultant, who sought to explain me the likelihood of my not coming through a minor operation using statistical terms, could have claimed that he was giving me information, but not in a manner that enabled the vast majority of the population to make a judgement. If, on the other hand, he had simply explained that the 'risk' was less than the probability of me being run over by the number 73 bus on the way home, I may have felt better informed. In other words, both the data and a means to interpret it are essential. Few people actually read the information sheet that comes with either prescription or OTC medicines. However, many pharmacists and doctors will routinely give a warning to a patient about side effects like drowsiness. There are inconsistent approaches towards such messages. Employers could be considered negligent if an accident occurred and an employee was known to be taking such a medicine. On the other hand, when testing a person's fitness to be considered able to claim employment support allowance, the Government contractor ATOS seems oblivious to such risks. They test for whether a claimant could work rather than whether they should in the light of the effects of the medication. Against this background of confusing messages, it comes as no surprise to me that the respondents in the research sample, when given additional information, said that their opinion had changed. They are all used to being in a world where clinicians use terms that are difficult to contextualise and the state sends out mixed messages. Two quotes in relation to table 9 say it all:


Bernard Berge, product specialist engineer of the Maccaferri fibre division examines the successful use of fibre-reinforced concrete in tunnel lining segments used in the construction of Barcelona's impressive new metro system.


This paper Researches and implements the Uigur-Chinese electronical dictionary with J2ME technology on the WTK platform.It analyzes and designs structure of word file and well UI on the electronical dictionary,implements the rapid search word with Binary Search Method.In this paper Uigur word can be input with cellophane keyboard and touch screen.


The present paper considers the problem of hazard in combinatorial logic structures. We shall define an improvement for the time constants method, improvement that will consider, among other features, the specific function implemented by the gates used (we are mostly interested by the inverting characteristic). In this endeavor we shall define a new type of operator and a new type of variable, both of them applicable when propagating the switching times for a specific circuit. The time constants method is a very laborious one (considers all the possibilities disregarding the specific function implemented by a circuit). We shall prove that only a strictly limited number of situations should be considered -in conjunction with the function that is being implemented by the circuit analyzed. In order to achieve this goal we shall express the logic function with respect to a new logic variable that is time dependent. Operations with this new variable prove to have some very interesting properties (shown in the paper) that will allow us to restrain the window of possibilities for hazardous functioning to a very narrow one.


Background: Liver failure in pregnancy is a rare but potentially severe disease with a high rate of short-term morbidity and mortality, while there is still a lack of accurate diagnosis, effective treatments and prognostic indicators for liver failure in pregnancy. This study aims to retrospectively investigate the clinical characteristics of liver failure in pregnancy caused by AFLP and hepatitis B, and to explore the potential prognostic indicators. Methods: Sixty-two pregnant women with symptoms and signs of hepatic dysfunction, admitting to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2019 were retrospectively recruited. The baseline clinical characteristics, in-hospital mortality and changes of important laboratory examination parameters during hospitalization were determined.Results: The in-hospital mortality rate of liver failure in pregnancy was 27.4% and most of the deaths were recorded in the first 7 days after admission. Patients suffered in-hospital death had a significant lower gestational age, a higher incidence rate of hepatorenal syndrome and were more likely to receive hysterectomy but less likely to receive intrauterine balloon tamponade. The baseline aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin and platelet levels were significantly higher, while cholinesterase, prothrombin activity and creatinine levels were significantly lower in patients with in-hospital death than that in patients discharged alive. The change tendencies of total bilirubin level and prothrombin activity were greatly different between patients with in-hospital deaths and patients discharged alive. Some differences in baseline clinical characteristics between different underlying etiologies of pregnant patients with liver failure were also detected.Conclusions: The mortality rate of liver failure in pregnancy is high especially within 7 days after admission. The change tendencies of total bilirubin and prothrombin activity were greatly different between dead and survived patients with liver failure during hospitalization, which suggested that these parameters might be important prognostic factors of liver failure in pregnancy and their alterations should be carefully tracked.


This paper provides a methodology alternative for the detection of in- fluential observations in factorial design of fixed effects 3 ω . Our proposal is developed through the approach of the test statistic (Fq), and the characterization of the impact of such observations on the analysis, the sums of squares and the estimators of the model that describes the experimental design.MSC: 62K15, 62E15, 62-07, 62J20


From a solution of the wave equation the far field pressure of an acoustic point source in motion is given. The source is modeled as a filtered linear frequency modulated signal undergoing circular and linear motion. The objective is to detect the source and classify it by extracting its impulse response characterized by the fil ter. But, as the analysis will show, due to the Doppler component the extracted filter is modified by the mo tion. For the given source model, a scaled Doppler com ponent, and both the phase and a scaled magnitude of the Doppler modified filter can be extracted based on the fourth-order cumulant spectrum if the linear fre quency modulated signal's time bandwidth product is large enough. Another advantage of the fourth-order cu mulant spectrum approach is that the results are asymp totically free from additive Gaussian noise.


One of the mechanisms of mRNA protection in dangerous conditions, such as stress or viral infections, is the formation of RNA granules. This mechanism depends on mRNA gathering within a granule, until the cell conditions are again stabile enoughto fulfill its functions. So far a number of RNA granule types have been described: stress granules (SG), processing bodies (PB), exosome granules, granules caused by UV, and glucose depletion P-bodies. Those elements are not only an extremely important factor influencing cell homeostasis, but also a new element of immunity.


Deep learning-based Compressed Sensing (CS) reconstruction attracts much attention in recent years, due to its significant superiority of reconstruction quality. Its success is mainly attributed to the employment of a large dataset for pre-training the network to learn a reconstruction mapping. In this paper, we propose a non-locally regularized compressed sensing network for reconstructing image sequences, which can achieve high reconstruction quality without pre-training. Specifically, the proposed method attempts to learn a deep network prior for the reconstruction of an individual instance under the constraint that the network output can well match the given CS measurement. The non-local prior is designed to guide the network to capture the long-range dependencies by exploiting the self-similarities among images, and it can also make the network noise-aware. In order to deal with the compound of non-local prior and deep network prior, we construct a half-quadratic splitting based optimization method for network learning, in which the two priors are decoupled into two simple sub-problems by introducing an auxiliary variable and a quadratic fidelity constraint. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method is competitive to the popular methods, including sparsity prior based methods and deep learning based methods, even better than them in the cases of low measurement rates.


A 74-year-old male patient who had a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery 14 years ago underwent coronary angiography for pre-operative evaluation for non-cardiac surgery. He was reported to have a left …


Charge dynamics in polymeric materials after aged under ac electric field using the pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) technique is reported. The emphasis is placed on charge decay. The charge dynamics of the ac aged additive free low density polyethylene (LDPE) samples under dc bias differ from the sample without ac ageing, indicating changes brought in by ac ageing. It is believed that a slow decay rate of charge in the ac aged sample is related to the formation of deep traps in the material. However, chemical analysis by infrared spectroscope (FTIR) and Raman microscope reveals no significant chemical changes taken place in the bulk of the material after ac ageing. Further experiments on irradiated LDPE have revealed a similar behaviour, i.e. the charge decay is slower in irradiated samples than that of fresh sample. The findings presented clearly indicate that space charge measurement can be used as a diagnostic tool to monitor ageing in polymeric materials.


A method for designing and constructing optical wavelet filters for 4f optical systems is proposed.Frequency domain decomposition and reconstruction wavelet filters are constructed according to the advantages of optical signals and wavelet transform and the conjugate mirror characteristics of biorthogonal wavelets.The filters can implement two-dimensional decomposition and reconstruction of images successfully when they are placed on the spectrum surfaces of 4f optical systems.In addition,both amplitude wavelet filters and phase wavelet filters constructed according to the information processing needs and sampling device properties can also decompose and reconstruct images completely.This method is an innovation in frequency filters for 4f optical systems.It is simulated by using the discrete Bior 2.2 wavelet in experiment.The experimental result shows that this method is feasible.


While the "punched-out" areas found on roentgenograms of the skull produced by lipoid infiltrations of the reticulo-endothelial system have been reported many times, roentgen evidence of the course of an analogous lesion of the spine with clinical findings of xanthomatosis has not been reported in the literature. The present report is of two-fold interest in that such a lesion was found and that the patient apparently recovered completely without special treatment. It is of further interest from a diagnostic standpoint. Schuller 1 (1915) and Christian 2 (1920) described associated exophthalmos and diabetes, now believed to be complications as the result of nonsupporting soft lipoid deposits in the skull. Until Rowland's 3 illuminating descriptions many cases of xanthomatosis were thought to be malignant tumors 4 or tuberculosis. Hand 5 in 1893 was the first to describe a case fitting the Schuller-Christian syndrome, but the pathologic changes were mistakenly reported as due


We study the multiplicity distribution measured in pp collisions at the LHC using a distribution which is derived from the Giovannini equations under the assumption that the evolution parameter is energy dependent. We obtain a negative binomial distribution with explicit energy dependence and fit it to three data sets, corresponding to different pseudorapidity and transverse momentum cuts, and also verify the applicability of the model for a fourth data set, corresponding to jets. We find a reasonable agreement with data for all sets.


Programmability, performance portability, and resource efficiency have emerged as critical challenges in harnessing complex and diverse architectures today to obtain high performance and energy efficiency. While there is abundant research, and thus significant improvements, at different levels of the stack that address these very challenges, in this thesis, we observe that we are fundamentally limited by the interfaces and abstractions between the application and the underlying system/hardware--specifically, the hardware-software interface. The existing narrow interfaces pose two critical challenges. First, significant effort and expertise are required to write high-performance code to harness the full potential of today's diverse and sophisticated hardware. Second, as a hardware/system designer, architecting faster and more efficient systems is challenging as the vast majority of the program's semantic content gets lost in translation with today's hardware-software interface. Moving towards the future, these challenges in programmability and efficiency will be even more intractable as we architect increasingly heterogeneous and sophisticated systems.
This thesis makes the case for rich low-overhead cross-layer abstractions as a highly effective means to address the above challenges. These abstractions are designed to communicate higher-level program information from the application to the underlying system and hardware in a highly efficient manner, requiring only minor additions to the existing interfaces. In doing so, they enable a rich space of hardware-software cooperative mechanisms to optimize for performance. We propose 4 different approaches to designing richer abstractions between the application, system software, and hardware architecture in different contexts to significantly improve programmability, portability, and performance in CPUs and GPUs.


This study aims to (1) improve the quality of the learning process for faculty and students in a subject PGSD Studies Curriculum Development, through the implementation of the learning design of multicultural and social empathy. (2) Improve student achievement in a subject PGSD Studies Curriculum Development through the implementation multicultural learning design and social empathy. The problem: Does the application of the learning design of multicultural and social empathy can improve the quality of the learning process at the Curriculum Development Review courses for lecturers and students PGSD FKIP Unib? (2). Does the implementation of multicultural learning design and social empathy can improve learning achievement on the Curriculum Development Review courses for students PGSD FKIP Unib. To achieve this goal used method of classroom action research in collaboration with faculty as a researcher, designed by model cycles and analyzed through descriptive, qualitative. The subject involved two lectures in Curriculum Development Studies and 40 students of third semester PGSD FKIP Unib. Results showed the application of learning design multicultural and social empathy can improve the quality of the learning process of student group discussions of productivity in terms of frequency of involvement of members of the group in discussion, effectiveness and quality of communication of ideas / questions, make effective contributions of members in group discussions and the results of the group with good quality, which ultimately affect the increasing learning results in learning Study Curriculum Development.


In recent years, entrepreneurs have become increasingly aware of the legal means to protect intangible goods, but to ensure proper protection it is necessary to possess certain knowledge of the ways how to do it efficiently. The article is intended to explain the basic issues of Polish industrial property law. The systematics of Polish law including the issues concerning inventions, utility models, industrial designs, trademarks and geographical indication have been presented. However, currently it is not enough to be familiar with the national laws of each member states of the EU. It is also necessary to know EU law which affects strongly the law of individual member states. Therefore Polish industrial property law cannot be interpreted without taking into account EU law. At the same time, it is difficult to accurately delineate the boundaries of EU law. For example, there is the concept of a "European patent", which will be granted by the European Patent Office in Munich. The "European Patent" is based on the European Patent Convention of 5 October 1973. It must be noted that the European patent is not an EU instrument and the Convention itself is not part of the EU acquis communautaire. Nevertheless, it is an important instrument signed by 38 countries, including all EU Member States. The European patent is often referred to as a "bundle of national patents", and patent protection may differ from country to country. On the other hand, the law of EU Member States has only been harmonised to some extent. Thus, there is a need for further harmonisation as well as uniform interpretation of the existing provisions by the national courts and by the Court of Justice of the European Union. Thus, in the coming years, also Polish industrial property law may be expected to have been amended accordingly.


The X86 processor is expensive,its failure will lead to various abnormal phenomenon,and it is difficult to solve. This paper proposes a X86 system hardware detection card based on CPLD,it converts parallel data into serial data through CPLD when the X86 processor is failure. The method need not be additional PCI slot,it saves PCB board space 840 mm2,and need not set the hardware debug card,so it reduces the hardware cost,and improves the fault location X86 system efficiency. The project implementation is especially strong in high density electronical product.


The paper analyses the influence of the rotational flexibility of beamcolumn connection on the roof plane rigidity of the longitudinally braced frame-purlin cover of the solid wall hall. The cover is adapted to obtain thermal energy from solar radiation. The roof cover is then provided in the form of a transparent glass barrier which requires considerable roof plane rigidity. The analysis aimed to compare the roof plane rigidity of the frame-purlin cover to those of space structures and truss-purlin covers, depending on the type of longitudinal bracing and rotational rigidity of the beam-column connection. The investigations were conducted for three types of roof plane bracing and different rigidity indexes of the beam-column connection (from u=0 – pin connection, through u=0.25; 0.5; 0.75 – semi-rigid connection, to u=1 – rigid connection). In the transfer of horizontal forces, the interaction of the rigidity of frames with flexible nodes (beam-column) with longitudinal roof plane bracings supported by lateral bracings of gable walls was observed. The highest roof plane rigidity was demonstrated by 2X-shaped and K-shaped braces with rigid nodes at frame corners.


Hydrogenation of toluene proceeded with hydrogen derived from the electrolysis of water with an electrical cell that a hydrogen permeable palladium membrane was the cathode. The hydrogenation occurred with selectively permeated hydrogen through the membrane in a catalytic layer at more than 313 K and the rate of hydrogenation increased with increasing temperature. This system was stable at least several hours and about a half of hydrogen produced by the electrolysis can be used for hydrogenation.


This paper analyzes the production status and market trends of japonica rice at home and abroad,emphatically summarizes the feasibility and advantages of japonica rice production in Fujian province,and put forward a few ideas about japonica rice breeding.


We propose a scheme to generate a superposition of several coherent states with arbitrary coefficients on a line in phase space and directly measure the Wigner characteristic function for the motion of a trapped ion. Unlike previous schemes for motional quantum-state engineering and endoscopy, the present scheme works in the strong-excitation regime, which may be of experimental importance in view of decoherence.


While campaigning for sexual and reproductive health and rights remains a day-to-day concern, wars, such as the war started on February 24 against Ukraine, bring an immediate threat to people's lives, safety, and human rights. Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters has covered the impacts of conflict and forced migration on sexual and reproductive health and rights in enough countries to know that attention must be drawn to these issues now in the context of the war against Ukraine and that international and national obligations need to be invoked to protect the most vulnerable.


The predictive capability of a progressive damage model to simulate the quasi-static and dynamic crushing of composite specimens is evaluated in this article. The material model is commercially available within the ABAQUS finite element software package, i.e., "Damage for Fiber reinforced Composites", and is often utilized to simulate damage progression and failure in static and dynamic failure scenarios such as crushing of a composite plate. The composite specimens used in this study consist of quasi-isotropic C-shaped and corrugated composite panels comprised of carbon fiber/epoxy braided fabric. The C-shaped panel specimen is used to calibrate the model and optimize material/model properties through comparison with experimental results. Then, using the same model parameters, the quasi-static crush response of the corrugated panel is predicted. The predictive capability of the model is further demonstrated by simulating the dynamic crushing response of both C-shaped and corrugated panels using the same material properties as in the quasi-static crush case with only minor adjustments for the dynamic elastic properties (i.e., rate dependent modulus). Results show that the in-built material model available in ABAQUS can successfully reproduce experimental results for both panels (C-shaped and corrugated) subjected to both quasi-static and dynamic loading scenarios. A small-scale parametric study on physical (experimentally measurable) and nonphysical (purely mathematical) model parameters was also conducted. It can be concluded that, achieving successful simulation results requires a more in-depth understanding of the influence of model parameter variation on the mechanical response of the composite together with the strategies and challenges of the utilized modeling methodology (e.g., FEA mesh density, etc.).


Four species of wild edible oyster mushroom viz., Pleurotus cystidiosus OK. Mill., P. flabellatus (Berk & Br.) Sacc., P. florida (Mont.) Singer and P. ostreatus (Jacq: Fries) were selected to evaluate their antioxidant property and bioactive compounds (β-carotene, lycopene, ascorbic acid and phenolic content). The antioxidant property of all tested mushroom extracts gave a positive result with free radical scavenging potentials. Phenolic content ranged from 37.70-39.01 mg/g. P. ostreatus showed highest antioxidant activity in all tested protocols (DPPH: 0.1884mg/ml, β-carotene bleaching assay: 0.362mg/ml, H2O2 Scavenging assay: 0.820mg/ml) in comparison to other three species tested viz., P. cystidiosus, P. flabellatus and P. florida. All mushroom tested exhibited significant antioxidant properties which therefore can be promoted as natural antioxidant preference in food and can also be used as nutraceuticals.


The urge to gain information on a new drug marketed online as 'Psyclone' has emerged after the death of a 38‐year‐old man in Bolton (UK). The fatality appeared to be a consequence of smoking this psychoactive product.


If the aim of education is for all students to learn and improve, then the expectations must be transparent to the students. In this study, three aspects of transparency are investigated in relation to an examination methodology for student teachers: self‐assessment criteria, a scoring rubric, and exemplars. The examinations studied were carried out in 2004, 2005, and 2006 respectively, all with a cohort of first year student teachers (n = 170, 154, and 138). There was a large difference in scores between the 2004 and 2005 cohorts (d = 3.21), when changes in the examination were implemented. The comparison between 2005 and 2006, when no changes were made, does not show a corresponding difference (d = .27). These results suggest that, by making the assessment more transparent, students' performances could be greatly improved.


Empirical Analysis of the Situational Variables and Their Impact on a Manager's Leadership in Influencing Employee Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Korean Hotels by Jung Hoon Lee Dr. Michael J. Petrillose, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Hotel Management University of Nevada, Las Vegas The purpose of this study is to identify situational variables that may influence the effect of a manager's leadership on subordinate organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in the Korean hotel industry. Data were collected from 107 managers and their 487 subordinates across a wide variety of different departments in the deluxe business hotels in Korea. Thirteen hypotheses were tested using a partial correlation coefficient test in multiple regression to examine the correlation between thirteen situational variables and five employee OCB dimensions. The test generally showed that selected characteristics of a manager, task, and organization either substitute or enhance a manager's leadership in influencing employee OCB by having either positive or negative correlation with selected OCB dimensions. The findings of this study suggested that employee OCB can be maximized when the positive situational variables operate in concert with a manager's leadership. The


In this paper the nature of skin friction with respect to various flow entities has been studied in detail. It is noticed that, as the porosity of the fluid bed increases, the skin friction decreases and as porosity increases not much of effect skin friction is noticed. As the visco elasticity of the fluid increases, the skin friction increases. Further, when the time parameter and frequency of excitation are held constant and even if porosity is varied, the skin friction is found to be constant. All such observations are illustrated graphically.


TOXI C Il E(;f·:NER.\ T1IlN of hoth endol{en ous and exogenous origin may be du e to the d irec t cflccr of a noxious substa nce suc h as lead or a rsenic or ma y be due to the ind irect effect of d isturbed metab olism or deficien cy of essen tia l subs ta nc es, This latt er mechanism is often respon sibl e for 'Vernicke's ence pha lopathy in whi ch ther e is ha em orrhage and rrl lu lar destructi on in the roof of the mid-brain. Alcoh olism is freq ue n tly n -sponsibh lo r thi s lesion but thrimn n-dia«ca use is lack of Vit amin III (T hia mine) . :\ sim ilar deficicn ry is respon sible lo r the subacut e combined degen eration of till' sp ina l co rd in cases of pernicious a na emia . In thi s instan ce the dd icielll substance is Vit amin B1:.1 . Paral ysis agi tans or Parkinson 's d isease is a corn-


We develop simple models that can be used to predict the forces of impact that occur during the injection molding process involving a magnesium alloy. We model the impact of the injection molding screw tip on the molten material entering the mold, and the impact of the piston flange on the machine housing, which can occur when the amount of material that has been injected into the mold is insufficient to completely fill the mold. We consider the effects due to the elasticity of the molten material and machine parts, those due to the presence of a thin film of hydraulic fluid between the piston flange and machine housing, the variation of the viscosity of the hydraulic fluid, and those due to the leakage of molten metal past the screw tip. With the simple models developed here, an injection molding machine designer can predict how varying the process parameters may affect the impact forces, and thus, may be able to more efficiently design the machine so that damage is less likely to occur during operation. This will result a longer life for the machine, which will lead to increased cost effectiveness for the manufacturer. Faculty of Science, University of Ontario IT, Oshawa, ON Departments of Mathematics and Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, South Africa Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Copyright c ©Applied Mathematics Institute, University of Alberta.


Before 1914, German towns and villages had been plastered with monuments to the dead soldiers of 19th-century conflicts. By the time war broke out, these works were deemed to be outdated or even tasteless. In an effort to improve the artistic quality of future memorial projects, central and provincial administrations set up special advice centres. At the same time, a grass-roots movement to create iron-nail "war landmarks" (Kriegswahrzeichen zum Benageln) emerged in 1915 and 1916; these were propaganda spectacles that increasingly took on a commemorative role. However, military defeat rendered these embryonic war memorials obsolete. The Ehrenmale (a term coined to distinguish them from the pre-1914 Kriegerdenkmale) which sprung up after 1918 were sombre monuments that became focal points of both personal mourning and political mobilisation. However, the contrast between the personal and the political should not be exaggerated: a large grey area divided the two, and it was precisely this grey space into which the memorial makers were venturing. Displays of revanchism were not as prevalent as some scholars have suggested even though they Table of


Following the successful implementation of stress laminated timber bridge deck technology for decks spanning up to 9 m (27 ft), a 3 year research initiative was commenced early in 1995 at the University of Technology, Sydney (UTS), to undertake fundamental research and development of cellular bridge decks using stress laminated timber technology. This work is funded by the Australian Research Council and industry, and has involved both full scale serviceability and ultimate load testing (up to 12.2 m (36.57 ft)) as well as an examination and analytical investigation into fundamental behavior of cellular and T-beam structural forms constructed from timber elements. Research is currently being undertaken to extend this technology to applications with clear spans of 25 to 30 m (76 to 97 ft). This paper presents the findings of an on-going research at UTS and discusses the implications of it for timber bridges. Research undertaken to date indicates that the technology is structurally and economically viable.


Environmental economics is a specialized course of subjects including Resources and Environment and Economics and Management in institutions of higher learning.As a newly-emerged marginal subject,it is of great theoretical and practical quality.It's hard for teachers to reach the expected result in teaching.The article analyzes the course features of environmental economics and generalizes the defects of the current teaching method.On a basis of teaching practice,it discusses interactive teaching,hoping to have a better effect.


The trend in education today is servant teaching as an effective teaching and learning strategy from K to Adult levels. In my perspective as an educator, servant teaching (Noland & Richards, 2015) includes cooperation as in cooperative teaching/learning between teachers and learners in the classroom. Recent studies revealed the competency, pedagogical appropriateness, and effectiveness of cooperative learning. Johnson, Johnson, and Stanne (2000) conducted extensive reviews of research on the effectiveness in increasing achievement of the methods of cooperative learning used in schools. They found 164 studies investigating eight cooperative learning, and the studies yielded 194 independent effect sizes representing academic achievement (Johnson, Johnson, & Stanne, 2000). Not only mainstream and special education students can benefit from the use of cooperative learning but also diverse immigrant students in the United States. In this perspective, this reflection seeks to highlight the effectiveness of cooperative learning in a servant teaching environment in relation to students' positive outcomes in mathematics through participating in cooperative learning (CL) activities in the classroom. In doing this, (1) I share my own experience as a servant teacher, (2) define and explain servant teaching, (3) review literature on servant leadership (SL) and cooperation as an SL characteristic, (4) describe the frame of the CL review, (5) define cooperative learning, (6) explain the benefits of cooperative learning, (7) clarify the challenges to implementing cooperative learning, and (8) conclude on the topic.


A cross-sectional study of work-related and lifestyle factors associated with the health of Australian long distance commute and residential miners F. Ryan, B. Otto, A. Khan and V. Johnston School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; National Mining Company, Brisbane, Australia


In the years following the publication of Chesbrough's book "The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology", the interest of both the business and the scientific world for open innovation has increased and continues to grow dramatically.
The concept of open innovation gives companies a new alternative way of organizing and developing innovation while helping them to shift from the R&D's dominant logic to external commitment. In addition, it encourages businesses to experiment with a number of new models and to open up their boundaries to seek out and exchange knowledge, but also to work with outside bodies, making the best possible use of their assets and capabilities, accelerating the commercialization of an innovation.
On the other hand, innovation scholars have also embraced the concept. They have created conferences, books and hundreds of articles. As a result of this interest, governments have also increasingly tried to redefine their policy framework towards open innovation.
This study deals with the evolution and impact of open innovation over the last decade, from 2009 to February 2018. Recent and initial issues in open innovation are researched, as they are reflected in 77 scientific articles published in six of the most popular magazines in the field during the period mentioned. A comparative study of these articles is presented, based on the principles of the grounded theory, as well as its results, while in the end, possible research topics are proposed for the follow-up.


Transformation is a challenging concept. As technology has evolved and the nature and scale of engineering has changed, we are confronted by the fact that engineering education demands nothing less than transformation. It is no longer acceptable to defend the status quo by saying that we are doing our best, or that we are improving steadily. We must face the issue: we are living in a time when there has been a paradigm shift. It has radically changed technology, the nature and values of society, the attitudes of youth, the availability of information, the practice of engineering and the tools available for the processes of education. With a paradigm shift it is necessary to change our behaviour, our thinking, our planning and our approach. To do otherwise will not be sufficient or appropriate. A paradigm shift is difficult to handle; it is challenging. However it also provides opportunity. Significant benefits can result when the new environment is acknowledged and addressed. It is necessary to question everything associated with our current engineering education programs and to rethink how the desired outcomes can be most effectively delivered. A paradigm shift requires action, action requires leadership, and leadership requires courage and conviction. [Includes: Contributed Panel No.10: Sustainable Development as a Meta-Context for Engineering Education by K. F. Mulder, C. J. Desha, K. J. Hargroves Contributed Panel No. 11: Assessment in a PBL Environment by Dr Prue Howard Contributed Panel No. 12: Remote Laboratories: Enriched Experimentation and Shared Facilities by Professor David Lowe]


Neural information retrieval (IR) models are promising mainly because their semantic matching capabilities can ameliorate the well-known synonymy and polysemy problems of word-based symbolic approaches. However, the power of neural models' dense representations comes at the cost of inefficiency, limiting it to be used as a re-ranker. Sparse representations, on the other hand, can help enhance symbolic or latent-term representations and yet take advantage of an inverted index for efficiency, being amenable to symbolic IR techniques that have been around for decades. In order to transcend the trade-off between sparse representations (sym-bolic or latent-term based) and dense representations, we propose an ultra-high dimensional (UHD) representation scheme equipped with directly controllable sparsity. With the high dimensionality, we attempt to make the meaning of each dimension less entangled and polysemous than dense embeddings. The sparsity allows for not only efficiency for vector calculations but also the possibil-ity of making individual dimensions attributable to interpretable concepts. Our model, UHD-BERT, maximizes the benefits of ultra-high dimensional (UHD) sparse representations based on BERT language modeling, by adopting a bucketing method. With this method, different segments of an embedding (horizontal buckets) or the embeddings from multiple layers of BERT (vertical buckets) can be selected and merged so that diverse linguistic aspects can be represented. An additional and important benefit of our highly disentangled (high-dimensional) and efficient (sparse) representations is that this neural approach can be harmonized with


Reflective objectives (ROs) mitigate chromatic aberration across a broad wavelength range. Yet, a systematic performance characterisation of ROs has not been done. In this paper, we compare the performance of a 0.5 numerical‐aperture (NA) reflective objective (RO) with a 0.55 NA standard glass objective (SO), using two‐photon fluorescence (TPF) and second‐harmonic generation (SHG). For experiments spanning ∼1 octave in the visible and NIR wavelengths, the SO leads to defocusing errors of 25–40% for TPF images of subdiffraction fluorescent beads and 10–12% for SHG images of collagen fibres. The corresponding error for the RO is ∼4% for both imaging modalities. This work emphasises the potential utility of ROs for multimodal multiphoton microscopy applications.


In this article, we give a general construction of spectral triples from certain Lie group actions on unital C-algebras. If the group G is compact and the action is ergodic, we actually obtain a real and finitely summable spectral triple which satisfies the first order condition of Connes' axioms. This provides a link between the "algebraic" existence of ergodic action and the "analytic" finite summability property of the unbounded selfadjoint operator. More generally, for compact G we carefully establish that our (symmetric) unbounded operator is essentially selfadjoint. Our results are illustrated by a host of examples – including noncommutative tori and quantum Heisenberg manifolds. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010). 46L87, 58B34.


ABSTRACT
The relationship between composition and catalytic activity of bimetal catalysts
of ammonia synthesis,using active carbon as carrier and metallic potassium as
promoter,was determined and analysed.
On the basis of experimental results,a model of catalytic activity center is proposed,
consisting of a cluster of seven iron atoms arranged in the form of an"open pot".
With this hepta-atomic iron cluster model of activity center,a number of charac-
teristic properties of ammonia synthesis catalysts are explained.


The article examines some aspects of Brentano's ontology, starting with his 1862 dissertation "On the ambiguity of Being according to Aristotle", as well as its influence on the philosophy of M. Heidegger. The author shows that the ontology of the early Brentano is not limited to ousiology, since it includes a discussion of the field of mental being (ens rationis, ὂν ὡς ἀληθές) and it is in this aspect that he influences the young Heidegger. Following Aristotle, Brentano assigns a central role to the ontology of essence, which in the late period leads him to the position of reism, but in the lectures of the middle period Brentano discusses the problems of intentional inexistence, thanks to which projects of "new types of ontology" by Husserl and Mainong appear. The author believes that Heidegger was also influenced by these ideas. Of course, there are fundamental differences between the positions of Brentano and Heidegger, but the similarities are quite large. In particular, if Brentano, highlighting the real and true areas, gives preference in favor of the former, then Heidegger's ontology is built on the second member of this opposition. In particular, everything that can be given is called being by Heidegger, because we are talking about intentional being, about ens rationis, or ὂν ὡς ἀληθές


The influence of lidocaine, procaine amide, and propranolol on ventricular arrhythmias during acute myocardial ischemia in the dog was examined. Ischemic zone epicardial (IZE) activation delay and the time of onset of ventricular tachycardia (VTt) were studied. Progressive IZE delay always preceded ventricular tachycardia (VT). Ventricular tachycardia occurred when IZE delay extended into the T wave of the standard electrocardiogram but areas of ischemic epicardium were found in which activation delayed beyond the T wave. Fast heart rates during acute ischemia were associated with an accelerated time course of IZE delay and early VT. Slow heart rates resulted in minimal IZE delay and delayed onset or absence of VT. Sympathectomized dogs with heart rates 32% slower than normal dogs did not develop significant IZE delay or VT during ischemia. When heart rates were increased by atrial pacing, these dogs behaved in the same fashion as the normal dogs with respect to IZE delay and VTt. Lidocaine was found to hasten the time course of IZE delay but to have no significant effect on VTt. Procaine amide did not influence IZE delay nor VTt during ischemia. Propranolol slowed the mean heart rate by 20% and appeared to protect against arrhythmia. When the heart rate (115 ± 10 beats/min; mean ± standard deviation) was increased by atrial pacing (184 ± 9 beats/min), propranolol did not significantly influence IZE delay or VTt as compared to the untreated controls. The clinical counterpart of our experiments during acute ischemia may relate to the prehospitalization phase of myocardial infarction.


This paper investigates the dynamic recovery policies for liner shipping service with the consideration of buffer time allocation and uncertainties. We aim to allocate the buffer time at the tactical level and then determine the optimal policy, including speed optimization strategy, port skipping and acceleration rate choice, for recovering from disruptions due to various uncertainties or random adverse events, which cause vessel delays. To achieve this, we attempt to obtain the optimal balance among economic, environmental and service-reliable objectives. A novel mathematical formulation is introduced to solve the robust vessel scheduling problem with short- and long-term decisions. Furthermore, we propose and test two heuristics to solve the proposed model. Experiments on the container liner shipping service show the validity of the model and some managerial insights are gained from them.


This work presents the results from the analysis of the bone material from the Byzantine harbor quarter overlapping the Roman theater of Carthago Spartaria (Cartagena, Murcia). From a broad sample of 2,723 fragments from debris pits and garbage dumps, the production strategies and the consuming patterns of the livestock are established during a historical period of the city in which its appearance has nothing to do with the monumental image of a Roman town. The use of mixed farming is established, with a predominance of caprine and bovine versus a scant presence of suids and equines, as well as wild hunted fauna. Most of the animals, with the exception of goats and pigs, as well as certain bovines, were sacrificed in full adulthood. This implies that both their secondary products and their draft force were used. Livestock managing is confirmed as an important economic activity, at a moment when agricultural exploitation of the environment undergoes substantial diminishing as judged from the disappearance of the vast majority of rural sites from preceding decades. The represented livestock and the herding and maintenance conditions contribute to provide a "rural-like" image of the old Hispanic capital.


It is often argued that in the class of non-supersymmetric SO(10) grand unified theories there is barely any room for reconciling the lower bound on the position of the GUT scale emerging from the ...


The invention relates to a photoconductive antenna, terahertz wave generating device, camera, imaging device and a measuring device. The photoconductive antenna is adapted to generate terahertz waves when irradiated by pulsed light. The photoconductive antenna includes a first conductive region, a second conductive region, and a semiconductor region. The second conductive region is spaced apart from the first conductive region to form a gap therebetween in a top plan view of the photoconductive antenna. The semiconductor region is positioned in the gap between the first conductive region and the second conductive region in the top plan view. An interfacial surface of the semiconductor region positioned in the gap is flush with first interfacial surfaces of the first and second conductive regions. Second interfacial surfaces of the first and second conductive regions positioned on an opposite side from the first interfacial surfaces are positioned on the same side with respect to the interfacial surface of the semiconductor region positioned in the gap.


Abstract:The Philippines is one of the top sending countries of children for international adoption. Despite the hypervisibility of Asian international adoption in mainstream media, this fact is not widely known. This essay argues that Brillante Medoza's 2007 award-winning feature film Foster Child deserves more critical attention in Asian American adoption studies and Filipino American studies. Foster Child exposes viewers to Philippine international adoption and the social and economic inequities that enable it through its focus on the unique role that Filipino foster care families play in this phenomenon.


In the history of development of Marxism,JIANG Ze-ming explicitly put forward ideological leadership authority for the first time.Ideological leadership authority is closely associated with the state's ideological sovereignty,the future and destiny of socialist system,the comprehensive national strength and the Party ruling power.Therefore,we should enhance our guidance,competitiveness,penetrability,service and influence of socialist ideology.


A conversational mode‐connected speech recognition system which simulates the function of an airline ticket agent is described. The system which allows a complete spoken dialog over dialed‐up telephone lines comprises a syntax‐directed dynamic programming temporal alignment algorithm [C. S. Meyers and S. E. Levinson, IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. ASSP‐30, 561–565 (1982)] for acoustic pattern recognition and a semantic processor [S. E. Levinson and K. L. Shipley, Bell Syst. Tech. J. 59, 119–137 (1980)] that controls an audio response system making two‐way speech communication possible. The system is highly robust and operates on‐line in ten times real time in speaker trained mode (or 60 times in speaker‐independent mode) on a 32‐bit minicomputer/array processor combination. The heterarchical nature of the system allows it some intelligent processing such as the ability to recognize incorrect, incomplete, improbable, and/or conflicting information in the context of the transaction and to pose q...


The Criminal Holding act has static nature of their objective area.In subjective,criminal law there are many scholars dispute.According to the general people usually have the experience and knowledge of specific goods or property for a course should be deliberate,and general facts through the proof of the holder can prove that a deliberate.For holders of crime,holding the core is the main means of a specific sense of control,and no fault of control.In addition,China's Criminal Law does not require fault could constitute a crime,therefore mistakes can not constitute the crime of such subjective sin.China's Criminal Law constitute a crime of upholding the principle of unity of the objective and subjective,criminal law does not exist "not asked subjective fault" of the crime,which determines the type of crime can not be applied a strict liability.


Objective –  To assess the presence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV‐6B) DNA in saliva and plasma from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients enrolled in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled valacyclovir treatment study.


Virtual audio synthesis and playback through headphones by its virtue have several limitations, such as the frontback confusion and in-head localization of the sound presented to the listener. Use of non-individual head related transfer functions (HRTFs) further increases front-back confusion and degrades the virtual auditory image. In this paper, we present a method for customizing non-individual HRTFs by embedding personal cues using the distinctive morphology of the individual's ear. In this paper, we study the frontal projection of sound using headphones to reduce the front-back confusion in 3D audio playback. Additional processing blocks, such as decorrelation and front-back biasing are implemented to externalize and control the auditory depth of the frontal image. Subjective tests are conducted using these processing blocks and its impact to localization is reported in this paper.


Simulation of room reverberation plays an important role in room acoustics, virtual surround sound and 3D audio. Traditional reverberation simulation approaches, e.g., the geometric technique (e.g., image method) and digital signal processing-based technique, suffer from the inefficient and unnatural problems. In this paper, we propose a hybrid approach for simulation room reverberation in which the early reflections are generated using the image method with low reflection order and the late reverberation is simulated using the digital signal processing based technique. The main focus of this paper is given to realize the smooth transition from early reflection to late reverberation without any audible artifacts. Specifically, the energy decay curve (EDC) of the early reflections modeled by the image method is first formulated and subsequently exploited for late reverberation generation by the feedback delay network (FDN) approach. The subjective and objective experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of this proposed hybrid reverberation simulation approach.


The invention discloses a liquid fuel corrosivity detection result determination method and belongs to the field of petroleum and chemical engineering. The method comprises taking pictures of a metal sheet in a preset environment before and after corrosion to respectively obtain digital images of the metal sheet before and after corrosion, carrying out contrast ratio and color level adjustment on the digital images at a certain exposure value according to specified program, and carrying out digital image color component value comparison to determine a corrosion level of the metal sheet. Compared with the prior art for determination of a metal sheet corrosion level by eyes and a corrosion standard color table, the liquid fuel corrosivity detection result determination method prevents corrosion level determination error caused by different human eye color sensitivity, eliminates human influence factors, realizes liquid fuel corrosivity result digital determination and improves color-based metal sheet corrosion result determination accuracy.


A case of metastatic carcinoma to the testes from the colon is reported and 14 previous case reports reviewed. The range in age of reported patients was 18 to 76, with a median age of 51 years. The clinical presentation in most cases was testicular swelling or hydrocoele. in three cases, The testicular lesion antedated the discovery of a primary colorectal cancer. The majority of patients had other widespread metastases at the time testicular involvement was diagnosed. in older patients who present with a testicular mass or hydrocoele, The differential diagnosis must include metastatic carcinoma.


For the proper design and evaluation of next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries, different physical‐chemical scales have to be considered. Taking into account the electrochemical principles and methods that govern the different processes occurring in the battery, the present review describes the main theoretical electrochemical and thermal models that allow simulation of the performance of lithium‐ion batteries, including different materials and components (electrodes and separators) and battery geometries. As the separator plays an essential role in the performance and safety of lithium‐ion batteries, the recent theoretical simulation work for this battery component are shown, with particular emphasis on morphology, dendrite growth, ionic transport, and mechanical properties. Further theoretical simulations and modeling of this battery component are still required for improving performance, taking into consideration varying geometric parameters such as pore size, porosity, and tortuosity as well as the optimization of the lithium diffusion process and ionic conductivity value. Theoretical simulations of battery separators will play an essential role in the new generation of lithium‐ion batteries, allowing the improvement of their performance while reducing experimental probes and time.


We consider the implementation of the split-step method where the linear part of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation is solved using a finite-difference discretization of the spatial derivative. The von Neumann analysis predicts that this method is unconditionally stable on the background of a constant-amplitude plane wave. However, simulations show that the method can become unstable on the background of a soliton. We present an analysis explaining this instability. Both this analysis and the instability itself are substantially different from those of the Fourier split-step method, which computes the spatial derivative by spectral discretization. We also found that the modes responsible for the numerical instability are supported by the sides of the soliton, in contrast to unstable modes of linearized nonlinear wave equations, which (the modes) are supported by the soliton's core.


The article analyzes the genre and stylistic peculiarities which determine the architectonics of subjectivity in the inter-literary process in the poems by A.Block and G.Tukai. The author also identifies the pattern of their functioning in the minds of bilingual readers, resulting from ethnic and religious affiliation of the respondents, their education and other factors.


Abstract : The long-term goal of this work is to develop numerical simulation techniques for predicting wave-induced sediment transport and bed evolution in the coastal zone (order 10 meter depth outside the surf zone), at horizontal scales of tens of meters or less, and the scouring/burial around objects/obstacles (mine-like), partially buried in the bottom. This research was initially motivated by the Navy's need to improve mine countermeasures (MBP), in support of joint littoral warfare, for which a key paradigm was to locate a clear or low mine- and obstacle-density path. More generally the laboratory validated modeling tools developed in this work will help improve both our fundamental understanding of, and ability to predict physical processes governing wave-current-induced morphodynamic changes, in coastal and estuarine environments of active sediment transport (e.g., ripple migration). In the past year, our objective was to extend the capabilities, integration, numerical efficiency and ultimately predictive abilities of two coupled numerical models simulating wave-(current)-induced flows and sediment transport over the seabed and around partially buried obstacles. These models were: (i) a two-dimensional (2D) fully nonlinear and inviscid Numerical Wave Tank (2D-NWT; initially developed at the University of Rhode Island; URI; Grilli and Subramanya, 1996; Grilli and Horrillo, 1997), and (ii) a three-dimensional (3D) fully viscous Navier-Stokes, Large Eddy Simulation model, with imbedded sediment transport model (3D-NS-LES; initially developed at Stanford University, and coupled in collaboration with Prof. Street and co-workers; Zedler and Street, 2001).


The grouping of face images can be done automatically using the Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) algorithm. The pre-processing performed is feature extraction in getting the face image vector feature. The AHC algorithm performs grouping using linkage average, single, and complete method. Grouping face images can help improve the search speed of the CBIR based face recognition system. The cluster validation test uses the value of Cophenetic Correlation Coefficien (CCC). From the test results, it is known that the complete method has a higher CCC value than other methods, that is equal to 0.904938 with the difference value of 0.127558 on single method and the difference of 0.02291 on the average method. The face recognition system using pre-processing clustering can perform faster face recognition better than without pre-processing clustering.


In order to expand in Europe, Watson Pharmaceuticals has acquired Specifar, one of the top 5 branded generics developers in Greece, for €400 M (US$563 M). The acquisition of Specifar will provide Watson with drug development expertise, a strong commercial presence in the €6 B (approximately US$8 B) Greek pharmaceutical market and will increase the company's footprint in key European markets by giving it access to a portfolio of approved generics. Specifar's former owners could also receive up to an additional €40 M (US$56 M), based on the future profits of a generic version of esomeprazole during its first 5 years of sales.


blistering within healed scars. Shamsuddin et al. reported that 157 (27%) of 567 patients with CL on the lower legs and feet, had some element of chronic lymphedema in the affected limb following treatment.[4] Of these 157 affected patients, nearly one-fifth had severe lymphedema.[4] Our patient was thoroughly evaluated to look for recurrent infection and the evaluation was negative. We postulate that the ulceration on the lower calf damaged the surrounding lymphatics, causing edema under the atrophic scar and subsequent blistering. The isolated episode of superficial thrombophlebitis alone does not explain why the blister was localized to the scar. Clinicians should be aware of this rare complication of CL involving the lower extremity that can occur even with adequate therapy and may require surgical correction.


In order to reduce the impulsion of the platform during the moving part accelerates or decelerates,it takes S-curve to smooth the kinematic trajectory of the positioning system.It has reduced the impact of the platform caused by the moving part availably which is benefit to the vibration reduction of the system.


In this paper, we analyze the experiences of teachers and principals in a Mexican teachers' college following the teacher education reform of 1997. In the aforementioned study program, it is stipulated that students undertake practice in schools during the final year of their degree course. The study focuses on the activities carried out by teachers prior to the pre-service practice with the first generation of students from the 1997 Primary Education degree program. In the paper, we show how the teachers and administrative staff at the teachers' college have adapted by means of a process of negotiation of meaning and the generation of micropolitics in their relationship with the national proposal, and the way in which they are organized as part of a scheme that we conceive as community of practice cultivated.


The role of Dr. Szilard in the early realization of the military potentialities of the discovery of atomic fission, his accomplishment, together with Fermi, of some of the fundamental experiments which had confirmed this prevision, and his initiative in bringing this possibility to the attention of the American government—thus stimulating the creation of our wartime atomic energy project—are a matter of history.1 In addition to these proofs of a remarkable scientific and technological imagination, he has also been among the first—if not the first—to foresee—in more than a vague general form—the revolutionary consequences of the release of atomic energy for the future political developments in the world, and to try to bring them to the attention of the national administration2 and the people.3The failure of plans for the international control of atomic energy—in which Szilard put his early hopes—to come to fruition in the U.N. negotiations did not cause him to cease thinking continually about the future of...


We present in this work the preparation of partially amorphous Al 90 Fe 7 Nb 3 alloy powders by mechanical alloying using high-purity elemental metals as starting materials and their consolidation by hot-extrusion. Milling for 60h resulted in a powder alloy microstructure composed mostly of nanocrystalline Al and amorphous phase. Heat treatment of such powder resulted in the formation of Al and also the equilibrium intermetallic Al 3 Nb and Al 13 Fe 4 phases. The alloy powders have been hot extruded at 480°C and the microstructure of the consolidated alloy was composed of the three equilibrium phases, Al, Al 3 Nb and Al 13 Fe 4 . The microstructure, which was formed by very fine and also sub-micrometric crystals resulted in yield stress values in compression tests at room temperature near 740MPa, associated with elongation of about 10 %.


Let.M m ; g/ be an m-dimensional complete noncompact manifold. We show that for all p > 1 and l > 1, any bounded set of p-harmonic l-forms in L q .M/, with 0 < q < 1, is relatively compact with respect to the uniform convergence topology if the curvature operator of M is asymptotically nonnegative.


The author discusses the development of expert systems at the total testing and inspection level. One programme of work within the area, led by Sira Ltd. and carried out in collaboration with a range of industrial and academic partners, is tackling the subject from the perspective of linking design to inspection. The approach adopted is to generate an object-oriented knowledge base, comprising knowledge of the product, knowledge of manufacturing processes and knowledge of inspection methods. The product knowledge includes knowledge of capabilities and properties, and the way in which these are achieved in the design. The manufacturing process knowledge and inspection knowledge includes knowledge of the techniques available and their capabilities.


be avoided and results can be given with a high degree of accuracy and precision; furthermore no calibration curve is needed. Rather than the more usual technique based on a comparison between the second derivative spectrum of a standard solution and that of the sample, the method reported in this paper is based on the comparison of the sample solution with a reference solution containing the same substances of the sample and not only the reference product. This procedure is less time-consuming and has the same degree of accuracy and precision. The solvent used for the determination, besides having the capacity to avoid hydrolytical degradation of ASA, shows a low volatility and good solvent properties for common excipients. It is, nevertheless, advisable to com, plete the determination in the minimum amount of time required for this procedure to reduce the time of solvent-solute interaction.


It is generally recognised that accessibility from an area to transport facilities is inversely related to the density of provision, a point which can be demonstrated mathematically for regular networks (Hay, 1973, Pp. 36-37; Melut and O'Sullivan, 1974; Evans, 1985), and had long before been noted empirically for irregular networks (e. g. Jefferson 1929). This reiationship holds true for linear fixed networks (e. g. roads) linear service networks (e. g. bus services) and for point facilities (e. g. air ports). It is less widely recongnised that u, for a given area the costs of provision are linearly related to the density of provision the resulting equation


Few surgeons perform pelvic exenterations ("sweeps") often enough to be thoroughly familiar with the myriad technical details. There is, therefore, a need for a monograph containing all one needs to know about the procedure. Without doubt, Dr. Eugene Bricker and his coauthors, by right of primogeniture, wealth of practice, and careful analysis of results, are the established worldwide experts not only on the operative technique but on its indications and its results. Monographs are sometimes forced —cramming too much, or expanding too little in a slim little volume. This one is a natural. With characteristic modesty, generosity, and thoroughness, Dr. Bricker reviews the history of the pelvic sweep. As befits a now-accepted routine form of extended surgery, little space is wasted defending an admittedly deforming operative procedure. Numbers speak louder than diatribes. Thirty-nine percent to 42% five-year survival in cancer patients with no evidence of disease, with an operative mortality


Systematic studies on the dispatch scheduling algorithm and related constraints can enhance the effectiveness of electricity market operation. Moreover, since various decision-making matters connected to dispatch schedule in competitive electricity market directly affect the market participants' profit, the dispatch scheduling procedure should be reasonable and systematic to convince them. Therefore, to prevent a dispute among the participants, these studies are indispensible requisites for the effective electricity market operation. In this paper, we develop unconstrained/constrained dispatch schedule algorithm applicable to Korean wholesale electricity market.


This paper illustrates the connotation of personality and the characteristics of a healthy personality, compares the differences of personality between China and the West, discusses the inherence and development of the traditional Chinese and western personality. Systematic education on personality is put forward.


In this article, we come back to the Ancient Greek odd phenomenon of prolepsis. The subject of a complement clause is "anticipated" in the matrix clause and fully integrated (the term is in the case assigned by the matrix predicate to its object). Addressing this issue from a syntactic point of view, we pinpoint two neglected aspects. First, we show that the prolepsis is the product of a stepwise derivation: the noun phrase (NP) successively occupies the positions of subject of the complement clause, topic of this clause, and eventually topic of the matrix clause. Second, the question is addressed negatively: the verbs that do not assign a case to their object do not display the prolepsis either, e.g. erōtaō 'ask'. Finally, we propose to tie the two aspects together by means of Phase Theory. According to Chomsky (2000), an utterance is built through highly constrained steps: the phases. A proleptic NP is taken out of the complement clause to the topic position in the matrix clause. This discourse position is only accessible by passing through two in-between phases, namely that headed by the topic position of the complement clause and that headed by the object agreement position in the matrix verbal phrase (VP). The latter position is crucial in the derivation and must be postulated for independent reasons. Verbs like erōtaō that do not assign case to their object lack it and therefore do not feature the prolepsis phenomenon.


Multiple attribute decision making (MADM) methods have shown effectiveness for network selection of heterogeneous network system, and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is often applied to determine subjective attribute weights. However, APH method needs constructing appropriate judgment matrix and cannot address different business scenes. In this paper, we propose a novel selection algorithm for heterogeneous network system by introducing principal component analysis (PCA). By locating key attributes of different subjective demands, the whole loading vectors of PCA model can be divided into several blocks to fit different scenes. Then, the loading vectors can be used to construct subjective weights. Furthermore, we apply Criteria importance though intercrieria correlation (CITIC) method based objective weight to construct a combined weight. Therefore, the subjective demand and network objective feature can be considered jointly to select the optimal network. Simulation results show that the proposed approach can select the optimal network for different business scenes. Introduction With the great application of the power acquisition system, especially the gradual promotion of the "multi-meter integration" project, the acquisition system can not only satisfy the acquisition of electricity information data, but also constitute a multi-source data fusion management system. Given various communication techniques including 4G, GPRS, CDMA, RF, Lora, Ethernet, and PLC, the next generation communication system would be an open heterogeneous network which can organically combine existing and future access systems. However, the integration of heterogeneous network also leads to the question of how to select the optional network to keep data connection and transmission between concentrator and collector. Recent years, researchers have proposed various strategies to address network selection problem. Gwon et al. [1] and Yan et al. [2] proposed a network selection method based on RSS (Received Signal Strength), which can choose suitable network by comparing the RSS of candidates with a threshold value. Park et al. [3] chose the optional network with the minimum choice cost according to the utility function of candidates' expense and users' demand. To handle complex networks with many attributes, such as, bandwidth (B), peak rate (R), delay (D), network jitter (J), loss (L), and cost (C), the MADM methods have been state-of-art strategies for heterogeneous network selection. Some classic MADM methods include SAW (Simple Additive Weighting) [4], MEW (Multiplicative Exponent Weighting) [5], TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solutions) [6], and GRA (Grey Relational Analysis) [7]. In these methods, each attribute would be assigned a weight to express its importance in network selection. In general, two types of weight decision strategies, referred to as subjective weighting method and objective weighting method, are investigated by researchers. For the former, attribute weights are determined according to empirical judgment or the demands of users, such as AHP [8]. For the latter, attribute weights are calculated by comparing the differences in objective attributes among alternatives, including entropy method and


In this paper, we examine whether US exporters of agricultural commodities price to market. Specifically, we estimate the fixed-effects model of Knetter (1989; 1995), and alternative specifications based on the use of cost indices, and seasonal and vector error correction models that account for the time-series properties of the data.


A large set of durum wheat lines (79 including 8 advanced Australian breeding lines) randomly collected from 11 countries and 11 bread wheat cultivars were grown in replicated trials at 2 field locations to compare yield and gluten quality. Gluten strength, as measured by the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-sedimentation (SDSS) test, varied considerably among the durum lines and was associated with the presence of specific glutenins. Unlike some previous reports, the present study showed that durum wheat cultivars having the high molecular weight (HMW) glutenin subunits coded by Glu-B1 genes such as 13 + 16 and 7 + 8 were highly correlated with improved dough strength, which was consistent with the effect of HMW glutenin subunits on dough quality in bread wheat. Cultivars having the low molecular weight (LMW) glutenin allele LMW-2 (or gliadin band r-45) generally gave stronger gluten than lines with allele LMW-1, as reported by earlier workers. The LMW pattern LMW-IIt gave the strongest glutenin. The combined better alleles at Glu-B1 (coded bands 13 + 16, 7 + 8 v. 6 + 8, 20) and Glu-3 (patterns LMW- II, LMW-IIt v. LMW-I) showed linear cumulative effects for dough strength. All the durum lines studied had lower SDSS values than the bread wheat controls (45.8 v. 76.2 mL), though durum wheats tended to possess higher grain protein concentrations (14.0 v. 11.9%) and gave lower grain yield than bread wheat. The Australian advanced lines had higher yield and better dough strength than durums from other countries except those from CIMMYT. The Australian lines also had 1-1.5% higher protein concentration and equal or better grain yield than the bread wheat, suggesting that these lines had potential for commercial use.


Antibodies to Re-glycolipid of the outer membrane of enterobacteria have been detected in higher titers in the blood and milk of mothers and in the umbilical blood of newborns than in the blood of nonpregnant women. Re-antibodies in the umbilical blood are mainly resistant to 2-mercaptoethanol and possess higher protective activity with respect to Escherichia coli than Re-antibodies in the venous blood of mothers.


The main characteristics of prime transducer of harmful gases are investigated. In particular, principle of action of prime transducer is described for registration of gases, which appear as a result of reaction of curriculum of foodstuffs. The working of primary transformer is based on the using of properties of material sensible to influencing to sulphurized hydrogen. The main dependences, which describe functioning principles of prime transducer of harmful gases, are represented and analyzed.


Abstract Veins of solid bitumen occur in Cretaceous sandstones at the northwest margin of the Junggar Basin, China. The bitumen has a low aromaticity and a composition comparable to gilsonite. The bitumen contains abundant steranes and terpanes, and β-carotane, although most n- and i- alkanes have been removed, which is characteristic of the local crude oil. The sterane and triterpane maturity parameters show that the bitumen, local crude oil, and source rocks are all mature. Bitumen–wallrock relationships suggest that the host sandstone was not completely consolidated at the time of emplacement of the bitumen veins, although bitumen emplacement was a relatively late diagenetic event. The burial history for the northwest Junggar Basin shows that hydrocarbon generation from the assumed upper Permian source rocks commenced in late Triassic/early Jurassic times and suggests that rapid hydrocarbon generation may have resulted in overpressure contributing to the bitumen emplacement.


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to gather and analyze Personal Health Records (PHR) literature to provide a review of the current state of PHR, its deployments and to explore future trends that might influence the adoption of PHR. Objective: To conduct a cross-sectional survey of PHR past, present, and future trends. In addition, to investigating the world of operational patient-centered PHR for input on several matters such as usability, usefulness, and user perspective on these matters. Results: PHR systems are still evolving. PHR have the potential of improving the healthcare system. However, adoption rates have not reached critical mass. Even more, healthy patients do not know of the service or potential values and benefits of PHR.