During natural disasters, normal data communication gets affected due to destruction of communication infrastructure and excessive simultaneous access by huge number of people. Satellite links provide promising alternative to terrestrial communication infrastructure in such situations. Despite the disaster tolerance and wide area coverage, satellite links have their characteristic large propagation delay which may often affect the performance of data communication over such links. Hence, with a view to utilizing satellite links or networks during disaster situations, it is important to learn about the performance of desired applications in such environment. One application that is likely to be widely used in disaster situation is Skype video call. However, the performance of Skype video over satellite links have not been studied so far. In this paper, we therefore evaluate the performance of Skype video call over satellite links. Also, we also evaluate how packet loss rate affects the performance of Skype video call. Results from our experiments show that the throughput of the current version (desktop version 188.8.131.52) of Skype video call depends on both Round Trip Time (RTT) and packet loss rates.


Intelligent control is an inevitable trend of urban traffic management and fuzzy control is one of its effective methods. In this article an attempt is made to apply fuzzy control to urban traffic system by proposing a new concept of link vehicle in designing the fuzzy controller. The effectiveness of this method was simulated on a single intersection. The experimental results show that the proposed fuzzy logic controller outperforms the existing controllers in terms of the average delay of vehicles as well as the queue length.


This paper describes experiences from the implementation of backward recovery for a commercial production workflow system. As a result of our research we found that compensation based backwards recovery is the most suitable approach for an external solution. Most importantly, the work has demonstrated that providing business level backward recovery is possible in the workflow domain, and that external, design-level work is relevant for product enhancement. The production workflow system used for the implementation of our work is IBM MQ Workflow. The advanced prototype is named FlowBack. We believe that the success of, and interest in, FlowBack indicates that workflow systems will need to go the way of database management systems and provide more transactionability as they mature. The FlowBack project lays the groundwork for production workflow systems and can easily be adapted to systems conforming to the Workflow Management Coalition standards.


From the perspective of individual users, social networking platforms (SNPs) are meant to reflect their social relationships. SNPs should provide feedback allowing users to exploit the information they have entered. In reality, however, most SNPs actually hide the rich social network constructed by the users in their databases behind simple user interfaces. These interfaces reduce the complexity of a user's social network to a text-based list in HTML. This article presents results from a user study showing that 3D visualizations of social graphs can be utilized more effectively – and moreover – are preferred by users compared to traditional text-based interfaces. Subsequently, the article addresses the problem of deployment of rich interfaces. A social graph application for Facebook is presented, demonstrating how WebGL and HTML5/X3D can be used to implement rich social applications based on upcoming web standards.


In this study, the effects of epoxy and polyester resin applications on some mechanical strength properties of scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and chestnut ( castanea sativa ) wood samples were investigated. Firstly, in the circular sawing machine, a different numbers of channels (2+1 and 3+2) were opened on the surfaces of wood samples. Then, these channels were filled with casting type epoxy and polyester resins. The density, modulus of repture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), and compression strength parallel to the grain (CS) tests were performed on the samples. According to the results of the study, the density values of pine and chestnut samples increased by 25% and 42%, respectively, depending on the number of channels after resin application. In addition, compared with epoxy resin applied samples, the density increase was higher in the polyester resin applied samples. After application of resins, a slight increase was observed in the MOR and MOE values of chestnut samples. However, CS values tend to decrease in these samples. In pine samples with resin applied, the strength properties (MOR, MOE and CS) decreased depending on the increase in the number of channels. Furthermore, the effect of the resin type on all strength properties of the samples was statistically insignificant.


A stability of the flash memory, data security, to provide data management method of the flash memory can be improved resiliency performance. A data management method of the flash memory of the present invention, the operation process of the memory block, setting the status flag of the block at the end of completion status after the operation is completed, the late completion state status flag, completion status It is set to. Using this method, when writing of data to the flash memory, even if a sudden power loss occurs, it is possible to prevent the loss of the original data that was in the flash memory. The invention also provides methods and data recovery of a method of writing data to the flash memory employing the above-described data management method.


The effect of the dielectric property was investigated of titania and microcrystalline cellulose particles dispersed in a silicon oil on Electrorheology(ER). A commom understanding of the mechanism of ER is the electrical interaction by the interfacial polarization of dispersed particles. Block et al. reported the relaxation frequency of ER fluids, i. e. the rate of polarization, was very important to have an appreciable ER effect. We found that the free water on the cellulose and the titania particles dispersed in the silicon oil, which is respectively dehydrated below the temperature of ca. 110 and 300 degree centigrade, was necessary for an appreciable ER effect. The relation was measured between the water content and the dielectric properties such as dielectric constant e ' and dielectric loss factor e ", as the water adsorbed on the particles was estimated to alter the dielectric properties of the ER fluid. Both the dielectric constant and the relaxation frequency, which is defined by the applied frequency for a peak of the dielectric loss factor, increased with the increase of the water content The relation was discussed between the ER effect and the dielectric properties.


Deportment of Chemisty. The Utliversih, Calgny, Alta., Cntlndn T2N IN4 Received May 2, 1983 H. RUEGER and M. H. BENN. Can. J. Chem. 61, 2526 (1983). Pyrrolizidine alkaloids were isolafed from Setlecio trirrtlg~rlaris Hook, growing in Alberta, and identified as 7-angelylretronecine, 7-senecioylretronecine, 7-angelyl-9-sarracinylretronecine, and 7-senecioyl-9-sarracinylretronecine, the last three of which appear to be new natural products. H. RUEGER et M. H. BENN. Can. J. Chern. 61, 2526 (1983). On a isolC les alcaloides du type pyrrolizidine du Setlecio trinng~tlnris de Hook croissant en Alberta et que I'on a identifies comme 6tant I'angClyl-7 rCtronCcine, la sCnCcioyl-7 rCtronCcine, I'angClyl-7 sarracinyl-9 rCtronCcine et la sCnCcioyl-7 sarracinyl-9 r~tronicine; les trois derniers composCs sernblent Ctre des nouveaux produits naturels. [Traduit par le journal]


In Morocco, the use of renewable energies present have a great importance especially with the new energy strategy. The important geographical location of the Kingdom helps for the development of the use of the solar energy. To reduce the import of primary energy, and to make face to the high demand of electricity and water in remote zone, the government has made several projects to encourage the use of a local industry in the renewable energy sector which promotes also to minimize carbon emissions. However, given to the importance of the solar irradiation intensity received and his duration, the country has the possibility to cover some of its solar energy needs. The empoyement of solar energy to pump water is one of the most used applications; this technique presents a good solution wherever the grid does not exist. In this document, we will show a presentation of photovoltaic water pumping system components, and the most important solar pumping projects installed in Morocco to supply water in remote areas.


Objective To investigate the expression of osteopontin ( OPN) in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue and its prognostic value. Methods The immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression of OPN in 64 cases of epithelial ovarian cancer tissue, and 20 cases with ovarian benign tumors and 10 normal ovarian tissues as well. The relationship between the OPN expression and clinical pathological characteristics and its prognostic value were analyzed statistically. Results The positive expression of OPN case was confirmed in 52 cases in 64 epithelial ovarian cancer. The expression level of OPN in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue was significantly higher than that in benign ovarian tumor and normal control (P <0. 01). The OPN expression in epithelial ovarian cancer tissues was associated with the pathological grading, lymphatic metastasis and production of ascites. The survival time is longer in OPN negative patients than the positive group. Conclusions OPN plays an important role in the tumorgenesis and development of epithelial ovarian cancer and correlates with its prognosis.

Key words:
Osteopontin;  Epithelial ovarian cancer;  Immunohistochemisty;  Prognosis


Abstract A detailed study of the proton nuclear magnetic-resonance spin–lattice and spin–spin relaxation time of water in a series of 10 well-characterized sandstone rock plugs has been made as a function of saturation. The saturation levels range from 0.06%, equivalent to monolayer coverage of the surface of the pore space, to 100%. Both bulk and spatially resolved measurements have been made. The results have been used to test fast-diffusion relaxation theory in rock over the full saturation range for the first time. Evidence has been obtained for the effect of pore throats on the relaxation rates for each plug and estimates have been made of pore-throat sizes which correlate well with water-vapor percolation thresholds.


Hotel buildings in Hong Kong use significant amount of energy and the potential for energy savings is large. However, the energy performance of hotel buildings is difficult to evaluate and compare because they have different building designs, functional facilities and operational requirements. To promote better and more effective management and design of hotels, benchmarking technique can be used to assess the energy performance and provide useful information to support strategic decision making and planning. This paper reports the major findings of a research to investigate the energy consumption of hotel buildings in Hong Kong and to develop systematic methods for benchmarking their energy performance. The current knowledge and worldwide experience of energy benchmarking were reviewed critically. The major characteristics of the design and operation of hotel buildings in Hong Kong were studied. Theoretical energy models were established to assess the energy consumption patterns and develop suitable benchmarks. It is hoped that the research findings could provide hints and practical guidelines to reduce hotel energy consumption and carbon emissions.


The effects of dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) on the activity and conformation of papain by ultraviolet and fluorescence spectra were studied.The papain activity in the reaction system contained low volume fraction of DMSO increased as compared with that in control experiment(φdimethyl sulfoxide=0).However,with farther increasing the volume fraction of DMSO,the activity of papain constantly decreased,the first ultraviolet absorption peak exhibited a red shift,and when reduced up to φdimethyl sulfoxide of 50% the first ultraviolet absorption increased.In different volume fraction of DMSO,the papain activity in fluorescence emission spectra had significant changes.As compared with the control experiment(φdimethyl sulfoxide=0),the Km decreased,but the vmax increased in φdimethyl sulfoxide of 5%,10% and 20%.It was demonstrated that,in low volume fraction of DMSO,the papain activity increased and its conformation had less changes,however,in high volume fraction of DMSO,the papain activity decreased and its conformation had more changes.


FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: ointment has components at the following amounts, weight %: animal fat 40; tar 5; resin-galipot 12; onion paste 20; wax 3; propolis 10; purified sulfur 5; copper sulfate 2.48; children soap 2.48, and chicken intestine mucus 0.04. Invention can be used for treatment of patients with psoriasis and moist bacterial eczemas also. EFFECT: high effectiveness of an ointment. 5 ex


Despite improvements in anesthetic pharmacology and techniques, postoperative nausea and vomiting are still among the most common and unpleasant side effects of anesthesia and surgery. The present studies were designed to investigate the current incidence of postoperative emesis, causal factors, and patients' experiences during the first postoperative 24 h, as well as the effects of antiemetics and the impact of different anesthetic methods on the incidence of emetic symptoms after surgery. The incidence of posloperative emetic symptoms was 45% overall, and ranged from 4% to 58% in the various subgroups. The symptoms lasted for less than 3 h among the majority (78%) of patients who only reported nausea, but persisted for more than 9 h in about a third of those who also vomited. Female gender, balanced anesthesia, longer duration of anesthesia and abdominal and orthopedic operations were the factors most frequently associated with postoperative emetic symptoms. About a third of the patients with nausea and vomiting felt psychologically unprepared for the actual course of the postoperative period. The occurrence of nausea and vomiting was associated with that of pain and anxiety. The nurses tended to underestimate the patients' suffering. Premedication with dixyrazine (Esucos) reduced the incidence of postoperative complaints of nausea and dizziness. When administered at the end of the operation in children undergoing stabismus surgery, dixyrazine also decreased the incidence of postoperative emetic symptoms. Children undergoing strabismus surgery who were anesthetized with propofol suffered significantly less from postoperative emesis than those anesthetized with halothane. This thesis is based on the following studies: I. Larsson S, Lundberg D. A prospective survey ofpostoperative nausea and vomiting with special regard to incidence and relations to patient characteristics, anesthetic routines and surgical procedures. In manuscript. 11. Larsson S, Lundberg D. Patients' experiences of the first 24 hours after surgery with special reference to nausea and vomiting. In manuscript. 111. Larsson S, Hagerdal M, Lundberg D. Premedication with intramuscular dixyrazine (Esucos): A controlled double-blind comparison with morphine-scopolamine and placebo. Acta Anaesthesiol &and 1988: 32: 13 1-1 34. IV. Larsson S, Jonmarker C. Postoperative emesis after pediatric strabismus surgery: the effect of dixyrazine compared to droperidol. Acta Anaesthesiol &and 1990: 34: 227-230. V. Larsson S, Asgeirsson B, Magnusson J. Propofolfentanyl anesthesia compared to thiopental-halothane with special reference to recovery and vomiting after pediatric strabismus surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1992: 36: 182-186. 0 Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 38 (1994)


Despite the U.S. economic downturn, more children are getting health insurance or holding on to their insurance. But some states are doing markedly better than others in promoting the health and development of their youngest residents, according to a new report evaluating how well the health care system is working for children.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Refractory vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis (VUAS) post radical prostatectomy poses challenges distinct from bladder neck contracture (BNC), due to its deep location i...


Various research works have shown the requirements in terms of semantic processing to achieve more accurate Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications such as Information Retrieval (IR), Question Answering (QA), Reasoning, etc. This paper describes our approach of semantic analysis of the Arabic language. We adopt for this purpose a two-step approach; we firstly build an Arabic ontology, leveraging the content of the two linguistic resources Arabic WordNet and VerbNet and we secondly combine some Arabic NLP (ANLP) tools such as Stanford syntactic parser with the built ontology to automatically extract the semantics conveyed by the Arabic text. The extracted semantic is formulated in Conceptual Graph formalism, which is a promising and already proven powerful knowledge representation formalism, in reasoning and in many NLP fields.


Chlorcyclizine and structurally related drugs induce a high incidence of cleft palate and skeletal malformations in fetal rats. We have shown previously that these teratogens bind tightly and reversibly to chondroitin sulfate of cartilage and compete with calcium for binding. Experiments reported here demonstrate that co-administration of calcium chelating agents with chlorcyclizine significantly increases both the frequency of malformations and retention of [14C] chlorcyclizine by embryos. Retention of radioactive teratogen by embryos is inverse to retention of [45Ca]calcium. These findings suggest that drug binding to embryonic glycosaminoglycans is involved in the pathogenesis of malformations produced by chlorcyclizine.


In the current COVID-19 emergency, to reduce the infection risk, several types of body temperature sensors, e.g., thermal imaging cameras and infrared thermometers, have been used to monitor people who access enclosed public spaces. In some buildings, where people are located for several hours, continuous monitoring could be useful. For this reason, in three schools, we have proposed and tested a body temperature sensor network based on wearable temperature sensors monitored via Bluetooth 5.0 using smartphones and/or custom gateways. The data are collected on a server via the internet, and custom software is used to control the measured temperature and to produce warnings automatically.


The peanut seeding technical principle and requirements on the film was introduced,and its research status is described.Typical peanut planter on the film and its characteristics was introduced,and to analyze their problems.The focus and urgent problem of peanut seeding technology on the film was put forward.It provides the reference for the research and development of peanut planter.


Discussions of the replication crisis in psychology require more substantive analysis of the crisis of academic labour and of social reproduction in the university. Both the replication crisis and the crisis of social reproduction in the university describe a failure in processes of reproducing something. The financial crisis of 2007–8 shortly preceded the emergence of the replication crisis, as well as exacerbated ongoing tendencies in the organisation and practices of university research (particularly the use of precarious contracts and the adjunctification of research). These provide two reasons to address these two named crises together. But many analyses of and responses to the replication crisis turn to research culture, often at the expense of adequate investigations of research labour. Today's psychological sciences are made through multiple forms of labour: these include researchers, who range from senior principal investigators to sub-contracted, and exploited, research assistants; research participants/subjects, who include those providing labour for experiments via exploitative platforms including Amazon Mechanical Turk; and workers providing heterogeneous technical and administrative labour. Through understanding what is at stake for these multiple forms of labour, psychology might better analyse problems besetting psychology today, as well as develop different imaginaries and practices for how to address them.


During the twenty-five years, 1776–1800, sixteen colleges opened in the United States that still operate today. They almost tripled the total number of the nation's colleges. The increase demonstrated the augmenting American interest in higher education and also the restless, expansive urge of the American people, for with the exceptions of the College of Charleston and St. John's College in the Chesapeake port of Annapolis, these institutions arose on the edge of settlement: in upstate New York, the district of Maine, northeastern Georgia, western Massachusetts, and even in the Territory South of the Ohio, two years before it became the state of Tennessee. Indeed, their location on the frontier was one of the primary determinants of these colleges' character, for it led these colleges to develop functions, commitments, and curricular and atmospheric traits that differed somewhat from those of the established, seaboard colleges.


Microwave dielectric ceramics are classified detailedly in terms of the magnitude of dielectric constant. The crystal structure and dielectric properties of various systems are summarized, especially A(B′1/3B″2/3)O3, BaO-TiO2 and (A′1-xA″x)BO3 systems. The deficiency and modification are introduced. Finally, the developing trends of microwave dielectric ceramics are discussed.


A method is presented for constrained maximum likelihood identification of the (positive semi-definite) initial covariance of an otherwise known linear discrete time dynamical system, with guaranteed positive semi-definite estimate at each step. The technique is a modification of Newton-Raphson or Scoring procedures transformed linearly to the space of the Cholesky square root matrix. The required algorithm is specified completely, and numerical and analytic difficulties and their solutions are discussed. It is shown that in cases of interest this procedure can result in order of magnitude reduction in computational costs compared to other iterative ML schemes which guarantee a semi-definite covariance estimate at each step. Formal extension to the maximum likelihood identification of time constants and power spectral densities is presented.


Patients with social skills deficits such as problems with communication with other people, social withdrawal, problems with activities of daily living should be offered to social skills training. Patients with schizophrenia usually have social skills deficits. Social skills training is a set of systematic techniques and strategies useful for teaching interpersonal skills that are based on social learning theory. It is a widely used treatment of a range of psychiatric disorders as schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of social skill training program on self-esteem, depression and interpersonal difficulties among schizophrenic patients. Design: Quasi-experimental design (one group pretest posttest design) was used to achieve the aim of the study. Setting: The study was conducted at The Psychiatric Hospital in Tanta and the Psychiatric Hospital in Mit-Khalf at Menoufyia, Egypt. Sample: A convince sample (50) was selected in the chosen setting inpatient department. Tools: four tools were used for data collection. Tool one: a structured: socio-demographic questionnaire to obtain demographic data about the studied sample. Tool two: The depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS).In this paper the researcher used the depression scale only which consists of 14 items in the form of rating scale. The depression scale assesses dysphoria, hopelessness, and devaluation of life, self- deprecation, and lack of interest and anhedonia. Tool three: Self- Esteem Inventory Scale: It evaluates attitudes of individuals toward themselves and consists of 25 items. Tool four: Relationship Scales Questionnaire. It consists of 13 items five points Likert- scale. The results: There is a highly significant reduction of the mean score of depressive symptoms and interpersonal difficulties at 0.001 while highly significant increase of the mean score of self-esteem at 0.001 post program than pre program. Conclusion: The social skills training program had a positive effect on interpersonal difficulties, depressive symptoms and self-esteem of the schizophrenic patients after receiving social skill training program. Recommendations: Generalized of social skill training program for all psychotic patients in hospital to improve their social competence and self-esteem.


The influence of the atomic-scale inhomogeneities of the pairing interaction strength on the superconducting order parameter and the conductance spectra measurable by STM is studied in the framework of weak-coupling BCS-like theory for two-dimensional lattice model. First of all, it is found that the inhomogeneity having the form of atomic-scale regions of enhanced pair interaction increases the ratio of the local low-temperature gap in differential conductance spectra to the local temperature of vanishing the gap $2\Delta_g/T_p$. Even in the framework of mean-field treatment this ratio is shown to be larger than the one corresponding to the homogeneous case. It is shown that the effect of thermal phase fluctuations of the superconducting order parameter can further increase this ratio. Taking them into account in the framework of a toy model we obtained the ratio $2\Delta_g/T_p$ to be $\sim 7-8$. It is found that the additional atomic-scale hopping element disorder and weak potential scatterers, which can also take place in cuprate materials, have no considerable effect on the statistical properties of the system, including the distribution of the gaps, $T_p$ and the ratio $2\Delta_g/T_p$. The second consequence of the atomic-scale order parameter inhomogeneity is the anticorrelation between the low-temperature gap and the high-temperature zero-bias conductance. The obtained results could bear a relation to recent STM measurements.


150 children in the outpatient department and 95 inpatients suffering from diarrhea were studied to assess the role of oral electrolyte fluid (OEF) in the management of dehydration. Comparable groups were studied in which OEF was given or not given and another where antibiotics were administered or not. It was found that the administration of OEF early in the course of the disease was very effective in the prevention of moderate and severe dehydration. Given to hospitalized patients along with initial IV fluids in severely dehydrated children OEF helped in earlier correction of dehydration and reduced the period of hospitalization as well as the resultant morbidity. This is a cheap simple and safe method for the management of dehydration and should be routinely recommended for these cases. The cost of oral treatment in terms of money and skilled manpower is small. The routine use of antibiotics in uncomplicated cases has no significant advantage. (authors modified)


The invention disclose a dual-mode terminal, comprising a TD radio frequency system comprising TP transmitting chip and TD linear power amplifier, and a GSM radio frequency system comprising GSM transmit-receiving chip and first SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) filter, where the TD radio frequency system also comprises: medium filter to reduce leakage of sideband noise of TD-SCDMA signal in the GSM receiving frequency range; and the GSM system also comprises: second SAW filter connected between the first SAW filter and second antenna to reduce power of received TD-SCDMA signal. Therefore, it effectively reduces out-of-band leakage of TD transmitted signal and improves anti-jamming performance of the GSM receiver, so as to reduce the interference of TD-SCDMA signal of TD-SCDMA/GSM dual-mode terminal to the GSM system.


Nowadays, semantic web services are published and updated with growing demand for cloud computing. Since a single service is not capable of processing the increase of data and user's demand the improvement is necessary to match and rank semantic web service to achieve the user's goal. In the semantic web service framework, users' request is the input to the system and output is ranking of semantic web service. It has become a limitation to match between requests with the semantic web service description. This paper proposes a new framework for matching and ranking semantic web service based on OWL-S. The proposed new framework can match the keyword in each task and ranking service. This framework is done by using performance ontology-based indexing. The result is obtained and the performance of the services for multiple requests has been measured.


Aim:  The present study aims to explore the relationship between inflammatory cytokines, plasma lipids, insulin, blood pressure (BP), total adiposity/markers of fat distribution and endothelial function in healthy people across a wide range of body fatness.


The historical development, properties and uses of micaceous iron oxide paints are reviewed. It was shown that commercially available pigment samples afforded varying degrees of protection to steel structures. The good anticorrosive properties of the lamellar pigment types are contrasted to the inferior performance of granular or fine types. It is suggestd that the level of micaceous iron oxide and the poly(vinyl chloride) could both be reduced without deleterious effects. See also AATA 18-1372.


Based on the brief introduction of composition and process requirements of OPGW cable stranding machine some important points and their realization methods, PID algorithm and MPI network, are described.


This paper investigates the operating characteristics of four and ten-pole axial-field permanent magnet (AFPM) machines utilising cut AMM ribbon. 3D finite element analysis (FEA) was used to model and analyse the AFPM machine examining the back-emf profiles, cogging torque, axial force and loss characteristics. The paper also presents comprehensive experimental results to validate the model and compare the performance characteristics of the machine with different airgap lengths, pole number and magnet materials.


Water pollution from agricultural fields is a global problem and cause of eutrophication of surface waters. A laboratory study was designed to evaluate the effects of near-surface hydraulic gradients on NO3–N and NH4–N losses in surface runoff from soil boxes at 27% slope undersimulated rainfall of a loess soil hillslope. Experimental treatments included two near-surface hydraulic gradients (free drainage, FD; saturation, SA), three fertilizer application rates (control, no fertilizer input; low, 120 kg N ha-1; high, 240 kg N ha-1), and simulated rainfall of 100 mm h-1 was applied for 70 min. The results showed that saturated near-surface soil moisture had dramatic effects on NO3–N and NH4–N losses and water quality. Under the low fertilizer treatment, average NO3–N concentrations in runoff water of SA averaged 2.2 times greater than that of FD, 1.6 times greater for NH4–N. Under the high fertilizer treatment, NO3–N concentrations in runoff water from SA averaged 5.7 times greater than that of FD, 4.3 times greater for NH4–N. Nitrogen loss formed with NO3–N is dominant during the event, but not NH4–N. Under the SA condition, the total loss of NO3–N from low fertilizer treatment was 34.2 to 42.3% of applied nitrogen, while under the FD treatment that was 3.9 to 6.9%. However, the total loss of NH4–N was less than 1% of applied nitrogen. These results showed that saturated condition could make significant contribution to water quality problems.


271 Background: Mutated EGFR gene testing transformed the care of NSCLC. ASCO now recommends EGFR mutation testing for NSCLC (April 2011); however, no studies to assess quality of biopsy samples and adequacy for mutation testing have been done outside a trial setting.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review to identify patients diagnosed with NSCLC at a community hospital during 2010. A pathologist reviewed the quality of archivedbiopsy samples for histological diagnosis and adequacy for EGFR mutation testing based on ASCO criteria.

RESULTS
In 2010, 64 cases of NSCLC were diagnosed and 18 patients had definitive surgery, 46 did not. Histological subtypes: squamous - 28 (44%), adenocarcinoma - 23 (36%), bronchoalveolar - 3 (5%), adeno with mixed bronchoalveolar - 2 (3%), large cell - 3 (5%), and large cell neuroendocrine - 2 (3%). Staging: stage I, II, III, IV - 18 (28%), 2 (3%), 13 (20%), 23 (36%). Biopsy material: transbronchial needle biopsy in 23 (36%), CT-guided biopsy in 13 (20%), surgery in 18 (28%), other - 10 (15%). Specimen review: 3 samples (5%) were designated as large cell carcinoma without squamous or adeno specification. 46/64 (72%) were adequate for mutation analysis; 18 (28%) were not. Among adenoca., 19/28 (68%) were adequate samples, but 9 (32%) were not. Among the 46 patients who had advanced or metastatic disease, 28 (60%) had sufficient samples, 18 (40%) did not. Among advanced adenoca. patients, the proportion without adequate sample was 9/18 (50%). Route of biopsy: 4/23 transbronchial biopsies (17%), 8/13 CT-guided biopsies (62%) and 6/10 from other sites (60%) were inadequate (p = 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Nearly one-third of all NSCLC cases, including half of advanced adenoca., yielded poor quality specimens from the first biopsy for EGFR mutation analysis. 5% of samples lacked definitive histology. CT-guided transthoracic biopsies were at least twice as likely to yield poorer quality specimens compared to transbronchial biopsies. Poor quality tumor sampling may preclude mutation testing thus denying beneficial and less toxic therapy. Quality of tumor specimens needs to be improved in the future by the development of appropriate strategies by multidisciplinary lung cancer teams.


The first application of atom transfer radical "bulk" polymerization (ATRBP) in molecular imprinting is described, which provides molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) with obvious imprinting effects towards the template, very fast binding kinetics, and an appreciable selectivity over structurally related compounds. In comparison with the MIP prepared via the normally used traditional "bulk" free radical polymerization (BFRP), the MIPs obtained via ATRBP showed somewhat lower binding capacities and apparent maximum numbers N max for high-affinity sites as well as quite similar binding association constants K a for high-affinity sites and high-affinity site densities, in contrast with the previous reports (e.g., nitroxide/ iniferter-mediated "bulk" polymerization provided MIPs with improved properties). This is tentatively ascribed to the occurrence of rather fast gelation process in ATRBP, which greatly restricted the mobility of the chemical species, leading to a heavily interrupted equilibrium between dormant species and active radicals and heterogeneous polymer networks. In addition, the general applicability of ATRBP was also confirmed by preparing MIPs for different templates. This work clearly demonstrates that applying controlled radical polymerizations (CRPs) in molecular imprinting not always benefits the binding properties of the resultant MIPs, which is of significant importance for the rational use of CRPs in generating MIPs with improved properties.


This paper examines the roles and competences of digital librarians and the trends of education for digital libraries in Europe. It puts two questions: What are the IT (Information Technology) profiles for digital librarians? How should they be educated? The analysis is based on the results of the European project European Curriculum Reflections on Library and Information Science Education and the proceedings of two Workshops on digital library education, held in Italy in 2005. Three approaches to education for the digital library have been described: 1) the emergence of the concept of "memory institutions"; 2) the library approach to information and knowledge management; 3) the IT isolation from LIS (Library and Information Science) schools. The roles of the digital librarian together with the structure of a course in digital librarianship, covering learning outcomes , competences and teaching methods is proposed, but further research is needed.


The purpose of this study was to examine all states' participation guidelines for alternate assessments based on alternate achievement standards (AA-AAS) and to analyze these guidelines for common and contrasting themes. State alternate assessment participation guidelines were found for all 50 states. Participation guidelines were coded, and 12 categories emerged. These categories fell into four major patterns: not included in almost all states' participation guidelines, evenly distributed between being included and not included, included in the majority of states' participation guidelines, and included in almost all states' participation guidelines. This research can help state-level personnel revise and improve their own participation guidelines by providing information about current language used in participation guidelines and can inform the field of the level of consistency in the language used to describe the population who participate in AA-AAS.


The invention relates to a posture instrument, comprising an LED target and a posture sensor, wherein the posture sensor comprises a gravimeter, a gyroscope and a magnetometer; the gravimeter is used for detecting a posture angle of the LED target with respect to the gravity acceleration, the magnetometer is used for detecting the posture angel of the LED target with respect to the geomagnetic field, and the gyroscope is used for detecting the rotating angel speed of the LED target surrounding three axles of a coordinate system bound on the LED target. Furthermore, the invention also relates to a six degrees of freedom input method and a six degrees of freedom input system comprising the posture instrument, and the posture is used as the six degrees of freedom input and positioning equipment; the system disclosed by the invention can be combined with an eye-type display to realize the real-time virtual reality display, and can be used for a display sand table, a virtual field, a virtual work-piece and the like.


This research evaluates a prostitution offender program (commonly called a "johns' school") located in a large Midwestern city. I evaluate the components of the program, its philosophy, the shortand long-term effectiveness of the program, and its implementation to determine whether it is effective in deterring men from hiring prostitutes. By comparing preand post-test attitudinal forms and participants' assessment of the effectiveness of the program, I have determined that this program is effective in changing the attitudes of men that attend the program, but there are several improvements that the program organizers could implement to increase its effectiveness. Index words: Prostitution, Johns' school, Prostitution offender rehabilitation, Evaluation research.


This research aimed to identify the effects of PECS on the social skills of a student with ADHD, who experienced delayed in communication and social interaction. This research used Single Subject Design, with A-B-A design as the research design. The data were presented using graphics and analyzed using visual analysis. The subject of this research was a first grader with ADHD in an Inclusive Elementary School.  The result of this research showed that there was an effect on the implementation of PECS on the social skill of a student with ADHD; the student's tendency to refuse the invitation to play together with others decreased. Moreover, the implementation of PECS enabled the student to understand the kinds of social skills that could be done together through PECS's interactive pictures. Furthermore, it was found that PECS could optimize the student's communicative and cognitive aspects.


The effect of diethyl sulphate (DES) and sodium azide (SA) was studied on the meiotic behaviour of Vicia faba L. var. major in the M1 generation. Five concentrations of SA (0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, and 0.05%) were combined with DES (0.02%) to study the synergistic and antagonistic effects of these 2 mutagens. A dose-dependent increase in chromosomal aberrations was recorded in populations treated with both the mutagens individually and their combination doses. The main chromosomal aberrations were stickiness, precocious separations, univalents, multivalents, laggards, unequal separations of chromosomes, micronuclei, disturbed polarity, multinucleate condition, and cytomixis. The stickiness and stray bivalents at metaphase I/II, bridges with or without fragments at anaphase I/II, disturbed polarity, and cytomixis at telophase I/II were the dominant anomalies. The univalents, rod bivalents, and multivalents showed dose-dependent increases, whereas the ring bivalents and chiasma frequency per cell showed dose-dependent decreases both in single as well as in combined mutagenic treatments as compared to the control.


Background: Periapical cyst is the typical type of cyst that found in dental practices. Periapical cyst is an advanced phase of dental infection due to caries. Untreated caries will leads to pulpitis and develop to pulp necrosis. Periapical cyst is formed following the necrotic pulp. This study aims to describe the conventional management by enucleation technique to periapical cyst due to post-dental treatment failure. Case Description: A 22-years-old female patient came to oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic with a chief complaint of palatal swelling since eight months ago. On clinical examination, there was palatal swelling of 2 × 1 × 1 cm in size and radiograph showed a periapical cyst about pulp gangrene of teeth 21 and 22. Trauma history was found about 5 years ago with anterior teeth fractured and treated with restoration. The cyst was treated by enucleation and extraction was carried out for pulp gangrene teeth. There was no obturator insertion. The treatment showed a good prognosis and no secondary infection noticed. Conclusion: The treatment of periapical cyst was successfully by nonsurgery conventional therapy with endodontic treatment and surgery method by enucleation for the bigger lesion. Cyst enucleation can be done without any complication, such as periodontal tissue damage.


Positive solutions of y(") ? f(t, y) -0 are characterized as maximal or minimal depending on whether their asymptotic behavior is O(t1) or 0(1), respectively. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such extremal solutions are established. This paper deals with various forms of minimal and maximal asymptotic behavior for positive solutions of nonlinear equations of the form y(n) + f(t,y)0, (1 ) y(n) _-f(t, y) = 0, (l) where f(t, y) is continuous in [0, xo) x (x, xo) and satisfies yf(t,y) > 0 whenevery # 0. (2) Our definitions and results are strongly motivated by a recent paper of Kusano and Naito [3] which deals with superand sublinear equations of the form (r(t)y")" + f(t, y) = 0 (3) and contains our results for the equation (1 +) when n = 4. They are also related to oscillation theory for strongly nonlinear differential equations insofar as the existence of such extremal solutions has been used to show the necessity of various oscillation criteria. In this context variations and special cases of our results appear in [5] and [6]. Basic to the consideration of minimal solutions is the fact that because of (2), any eventually positive solution of (1+) [(1-)] will satisfy y(n)(t) 0] for sufficiently large t. By successive applications of Rolle's Theorem it follows that y(k)(t) will eventually be of constant sign for 0 < k < n. Also, if a solution is to remain positive and bounded as t -+ oo, then we must eventually have y(k)(t)y(k+l)(t) < 0 for 1 < k < n 1. These observations lead us first to consider (1 +) [(1 -)] when n is odd [even]. It is now natural to refer to a positive solution of (1+) or (1-) as minimal in case (_ )kY(k)(t) is eventually positive for 0 < k < n, and the existence of such minimal solutions follows readily from a theorem of Hartman and Wintner [1]. Here we need only impose growth conditions on f(t, y) which assure that solutions of (1+) Received by the editors November 16, 1978 and, in revised form, July 30, 1979. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 34C10.


ABSTRACT During studies of adrenal function in human hypertension, Bongiovanni and Eberlein's procedure for determination of urinary pregnanetriol was found inaccurate. Pregnanetriol eluted from an alumina column with benzene-6% ethanol, after enzymatic and acid hydrolysis of the steroids in urine, was contaminated in most instances by 2 substances interfering with the determination in concentrated sulfuric acid. One of them was a compound described in a previous communication and identified as Compound III. The second was characterized as Δ5-pregnene-3β,17α,20α-triol. Modifications of the original procedure are proposed for the specific determination of 5β-pregnane-3α,17α,20α-triol and Δ5-pregnene-3β,17α,20α-triol. The modified method involves successive chromatographic separation of the crude neutral-extract residue of urine, first on a silica-gel column, second on an ethylene-glycol/toluene paper system, and finally on an alumina column. Spectrophotometric determination of the highly purified compound,...


In this article the development of tourism in Namangan region in the years of independence, it's perspective branches, present state of the folklore tourism which is one of the important components of tourism are analyzed


Recent development in machine learning has told the best way to conjecture and, somewhat,
become familiar with the dynamics of a model from its yield, turning specifically to neural networks and deep
learning techniques. The dynamics of a model are found out from its perception and an ordinary differential
equation (ODE) portrayal of this model is gathered utilizing a recursive nonlinear regression. Since the
technique is inserted in a Bayesian data assimilation framework, it can gain from fractional and uproarious
perceptions of a state direction of the physical model. In addition, a space-wise nearby portrayal of the ODE
framework is acquainted and is key with adapting to high-dimensional models.


This paper attempts to assess solar power as an alternate power source for street vendors in the Kerala, India. The street vendors in India represent about 3% of the total non agricultural population in India. Provision of a clean and cheap source of lighting for them is important. Traditionally they use kerosene or take the aid of the street light. This paper attempts to find out the feasibility and readiness of the street vendors to accept an alternate source of lighting and particularly on solar lantern. Also this study attempts to find out the various characteristics and parameters on lighting sources of street vendors. In this paper, the willingness of the street vendors to switch to an alternate source is also explored through a questionnaire based survey. The conclusive observations indicate that the solar lanterns are very feasible alternative source of lighting for the street vendors; and they have exhibited willingness to shift over to the solar lanterns.


Setting The Foundation What Is Leadership, and How Does It Differ from Management? Sun Tzu on Leadership Six Sigma Leadership LEADERSHIP(c): The Attributes of Leadership L1: Loyalty E+1: Ethics and Honesty A3: Attitude, Aptitude, Accountability D5: Determination, Dedication, Discipline, Devotion, Decisiveness E4: Equality, Example, Expectations, Enthusiasm R3: Respect, Responsibility, Reliability S2: Self-Development/Employee Development, Serving Leadership H5: Humor, Happiness, Health, Humility, Heart I3: Integrity, Inspiration - Supply Chain Intelligence and Supply Chain Leadership Integrity P4: Professional Pride, Planning, Passion, People Applications Coaching, Teaching, Mentoring Benchmarking Leadership and Leadership Metrics Conclusions and Final Thoughts Appendix 1 Index


This paper introduces the E-Collaboration in E-Business. It stresses that HDBIS (Heterogeneous Database Integration System) plays an important role for supporting E-Collaboration in E-Business. HDBIS provides a crucial technique for integration of heterogeneous information source in E-Business. The paper further displays the E-Collaboration model supported by HDBIS through application of clothing companies, which include three layers: manufacturers, sellers and customers. The system architecture, functions and characteristics of HDBIS are presented. The implementation and model of HDBIS using COM/DCOM and ASP is also introduced.


IN June, 1888, the writer visited the exposures of basic igneous rock, near the Beemerville, N. J., elmolite-syenite and on the materials collected, published a short description in this Jonrnal for A.ugust, Itl89:* As stated in the paper, the avail· able specimens were much decomposed, and yet as some plagioclase was noted they were called porphyrite. The presence of nepheline was strongly suspected, but although unusually large and abundant apatite appeared, no nepheline could be identilied, owing doubtless to advanced alteration. In the two or three yeal's since the paper was published, there have appeared several descriptions of elmolite-syenite areas elsewhere, and in particular of the basic rocks associated with them; so that we have come to recognize basic dikes as a quite in variable attendant upon this form of plutonic rock. This has proved tl'ue of the elreolite-syenite at Magnet Oove, Ark.t ]\fontreal, Oanada,:j: and Salem, Mass.,§ in this countl'y; of the exposures in the Serra de Tingna, near Rio Janeiro, Brazil,1/ in the Monchique Mountains of southern Portugal;, and near Christiania, Norway.** Thc basic dikes are analogous to basaltic rocks of variolls types, including augitite, limourgite, melilite-basalt, feldspal" basalt, and the like, but to preserve the special grouping of dike rocks by themselves, they have received individual names, fourchite, monchiquite, aln6ite, etc. When this literature became available, it was at once seen that the Beemerville dikes or bosses, (they appeal' more like the latter in instances) were analogous to these, and in the Arkansas Report, (Ann. Rep. 1890, vol. ii, p. 403), they were stated to be practically the same thing as the Arkansas rocks called ouachitite. In September, 1890, the writer went again to the Beemerville syenite area,tt and was fortunate in learning through Mr.


As a new kind of water-thrift irrigation technique,the ring compensation drip irrigation is proposed.The key of the technique is the ring pressure compensation drip tape,which consists of pressure compensation device,ring water diversion pipe,quick connect and connecting tube.The technique is advantageous of water saving,better irrigation uniformity,excellent prevent blocking and long service life,and particularly being applicable to the trees irrigation.That technique has been used to irrigate the ecology woods in Shaanxi Baoji City North Slope Park,so better social and economic benefits were acquired.Popularization and application of the new technique possess the obvious social,economic,and ecological benefits to accelerate the farming and stable yields to increase valid utilization ratio of water,and to protect ecology environment.


Views is an open-architecture application environment that offers a consistent user interface across applications, interoperability between them, much less programming to produce an application, and the ability to add and modify applications on the fly. The system kernel contains a user interface layer and a persistent data-storage layer, so that applications only have to implement the true functionality. Objects contain no information on how they are to be displayed, so the presentation of documents can be changed easily, even on the fly. The main implementation technique is the use of invariants between objects which are automatically made two-way by the system. This document describes some aspects of programming for Views. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: 68Q52, 68N20, 68U99. 1991 CR Categories: D.2.6, D.3.3, D.3.4, D.3.2.


Science communication is becoming a larger field, including not only the approach known as public understanding of science (PUS), but also public engagement with science and technology (PEST). In this paper, we discuss what "broadly" and "incorporating public opinions in policy making" means and argue that it is important to investigate participants' segments using the third generation of segmentation method to ensure the broadness of the project. When incorporating public opinions into the STI policy-making process, dealing with the process substantively, not instrumentally and including a channel to a policy-making process is crucial. Next, we propose that the vision phase of policy making, i.e., the future vision, could be an arena where diverse potential, but unclear, stakeholders could interactively communicate toward a common goal, or produce policy options linked to the future vision and an new PEST tool called Interactive Public Comment. Finally we showed some examples of interactive public comment trials in Japan.


The gold standard test for clinical benefit of oncology drugs is improvement in overall survival. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration allows drugs to be approved if they improve patient survival or if there is evidence that reliably predicts clinical benefit, such as an established surrogate. In a recent analysis of the 57 oncology drug applications approved in the last 13 years through the regular approval process (in contrast to the accelerated approval process), two-thirds of them were approved based on endpoints other than survival, underscoring the importance of establishing reliable surrogate endpoints. This is particularly true in colorectal cancer, because there are an increasing number of agents being developed for the disease, noted Richard Pazdur, M.D., director of the FDA's Division of Oncology. A recent review of data from more than 10,000 patients suggested that 3-year disease-free survival can be used as an appropriate endpoint to replace 5-year overall survival in adjuvant colorectal cancer trials. This would have substantial advantages. " It would allow more rapid completion of trials, more rapid reporting of trials, and more rapid introduction of new agents into community practice, " principal author of the study that reviewed the results from 12 large randomized clinical trials on patients with Duke's D-2 and C colon cancer conducted from 1978 to 1993 that involved oncology groups in the United States, Canada, France, and Italy. Sargent presented the review at a fall workshop held by the FDA and the American Society of Clinical Oncology in Washington, D.C. The FDA is sponsoring a series of meetings on surrogate endpoints for cancer drugs, with a focus on lung cancer and colorectal cancer. The FDA has taken the position that disease-free survival can provide sufficient evidence for approval where the majority of recurrences are symptomatic. In Sargent's review, there were a total of 38 treatment arms. All of the trials from 1978 to 1990 had a control arm that received no treatment. Three studies done in the 1990s had an active-treatment control arm. " We did a very simple thing, " Sargent said. " We looked at the 3-year disease-free survival and the 5-year overall survival for each arm of each trial to see how they rated. " The investigators plotted the events graphically , and the event rates between the two groups were virtually identical. " Graphically this looks pretty good, " Sargent said. Subjecting the data to statistical analysis, …


Cardiovascular disease contributes to cognitive impairment and dementia, particularly among populations facing health disparities. However, the long‐term effects of cardiovascular health on later cognitive health have not been examined among Hispanics/Latinos. Therefore, we examined relationships between cardiovascular health with change in cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among diverse Hispanics/Latinos.


This study explores the preposing phenomenon in English from a discourse-functional perspective, and discusses what seems to cause a given sentential...


Small and medium-sized businesses have been neglected by researcher for a long time in the field of HRM.This paper reviews past research on HRM of small and medium-sized businesses abroad,and outlines research results of foreign scholars which include some factors which have important influence on HRM,such as business scale,strategy,legitimacy,alliance networks and owner's management quality.And the larger the scale,the clearer the strategy,the stronger the legitimacy,the higher the management quality,the more formal and standard the practice of HRM is.There is a coupling relation between organizational life cycle and practice of HRM,and private networks play an important role in the practice of HRM.


We report a preliminary investigation of nonaqueous sizing and desizing where liquid carbon dioxide is the solvent. New size formulations are required for this process because traditional size materials are not directly soluble in liquid carbon dioxide. Candidate size compounds are first tested for solubility, and those found to be soluble are then applied to polyester/cotton yarns using two methods: immersing the yarn in a size-saturated carbon dioxide solution and drawing the yarn through a hot melt of the compound. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the sized yarns are deter mined. Complete removal of the size compounds from the treated yarns by means of liquid carbon dioxide extraction is demonstrated.


—In many trials, multimedia materials, video or audio, brought as evidence could make the difference between "guilty" or "not guilty" verdicts. Most multimedia content is stored in a digital form nowadays, therefore, with so many free editing software at anyone's disposal, it is very easy to be forged. In other situations the critical evidence, even if recorded, it can be heavily masked by other signals and declared inappropriate. This paper is a contribution to the multimedia forensic domain presenting the impact of the acoustic environment on a computer software based on adaptive filtering, which can be used to recover a speech signal drowned in loud music. The results help to decide if placing a microphone in a certain room could be useful or not given the proposed solution for recovering the speech is to be used afterwards.


The optimization of a community shuttle route plays an important role in the efficient operation of public transit microcirculation. This paper develops a solution for the optimal routing design problem with the objective of minimizing the total cost, including user and supplier costs, considering passenger traffic demand and budget constraints. The optimization variables include route and headway. To calculate the user cost, a heuristic algorithm for locating stops is presented. Then the optimized headway corresponding to a given bus route is confirmed by minimizing the total cost function. In solving the problem, a depth-first search algorithm (DFS) and a genetic algorithm (GA) are both presented. By comparing the results and the CPU time of the two algorithms, this paper demonstrated that GA is reliable and more efficient than DFS. The impacts of route length and the maximum tolerable walking distance on the cost and headway are also analyzed.


The purpose of the present study was to find out differences in the depiction of power motive in Urdu drama serials based on feudal and non-feudal culture of Pakistan. On the basis of earlier researches it was hypothesized that power motive will be strong in feudal based drama serials than the non-feudal drama serials. Sample consisted of forty Urdu drama serials telecast from five Pakistan Television centres from 1982-2006. Twenty of these were based on feudal culture and twenty on non-feudal culture of Pakistan. McClelland and Steele's Motivational Workshop for Students (1972) was used for measuring power motive. According to the results the drama serials based on non-feudal culture had a higher mean (Mean= 14.43) on power motive than the feudal based drama serials (Mean=13.29). However, the difference was not statistically significant. It was concluded that the PTV Urdu drama serials based on feudal and non-feudal culture do not differ with respect to power motive.


The study of possibilities for using the Highway Design and Maintenance-III (HDM-III) model to optimize selection of appropriate pavement maintenance and rehabilitation programs under conditions prevailing in Central European countries is presented. The analysis was carried out on a part of the South Bavarian road network, and it is the first attempt to apply the HDM-III model for optimizing road maintenance and rehabilitation in this West European country. The results obtained clearly point to the numerous advantages of using the HDM-III model, if regional specificities are realistically presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the critical analysis of HDM-III model results with respect to the great number of input parameters used as a basis for modeling, including the possibility of error in defining individual values of so many parameters. The influence of various parameters on the performance of the model is analyzed in detail. This task is performed in the context of a sensitivity analysis of the HDM-III model. The analysis justified the global ranking of input data according to their importance in the HDM system. The research was carried out in Munich, Germany, in 1991.


This chapter1 looks at how the Russian hydrocarbon culture positions itself regarding the question of global climate change. In this chapter, I argue that the Putin regime's increasing dependence on hydrocarbons makes a serious climate mitigation policy an impossibility. The inability to address the negative consequences of the chosen fossil fuel-based economic policy, and the social contract to which this economy is tied, pushes the regime to build a narrative that turns a problem into a social taboo. The switch towards a climate denialist narrative is documented in the following, but a more important question remains unanswered: which individuals, companies and institutional players in the Russian society are the masterminds behind a clearly changed discourse on the changing climate? Or is this just an outcome, the 'collateral damage', of a social contract related to the hydrocarbon culture espoused by the Russian people and the elite alike? In either case, the recorded discursive change shows that the Putin regime is a step further away from becoming an Ecological Great Power, a possibility that is discussed in the concluding chapter. Now, Russia's global Messianic role as a conservative and authoritarian Energy Superpower and hydrocarbon culture is the antithesis of a resilient and sustainable Russia.


HAO Bo-yi, XIA Yun-qing, ZHENG Fang State Key Lab of Intelligent Technology and Systems Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Center for Speech and Language Technologies, RIIT, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China E-mail: {yqxia, email@example.com Abstract: As a major task of the product opinion mining system, product attribute extraction influences performance of the system significantly. To find the out-of-the-vocabulary (OOV) product attributes, an effective attribute mining algorithm is proposed based on language dependency parsing and corpus statistical analysis. Based on a small set of standard product attributes, this algorithm applies the dependency parsing tool on review text to find the potential OOV product attributes. Then statistical features extracted from both the dependency parsing results and text content are used to filter out the invalid OOV product attributes and rank the attribute by measuring the confidence. Experiments are conducted to evaluate precision of OOV attribute extraction and effectiveness of the ranking method. Moreover, contribution of various features is also evaluated. Experiment results show that precision of OOV attribute extraction reaches 87.5% in the top 200 candidates.


OBJECTIVE
The present study examines the relationships between theoretical domains of recovery as put forth by Whitley and Drake (Whitley, R., & Drake, R. [2010]. Recovery: A dimensional approach. Psychiatric Services, 61, 1248-1250). Specifically, it proposes that nonclinical components of recovery can mediate, or account for, the relationship between clinical recovery (e.g., less psychiatric distress) and more participation in community activities.

METHOD
Three hundred adults recruited from an outpatient community mental health population were interviewed once using self-report questionnaires about community experiences, social functioning, and psychiatric symptoms. Present analyses used the Recovery Assessment Scale, the Brief Symptom Inventory Global Severity Index, and a community activities measure designed for the study.

RESULTS
A series of linear regressions supported the model of nonclinical recovery as a mediator of the hypothesized relationship.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Findings hold implications for integrating the dimensions of recovery, as both components seem to promote community integration. Future research should further explore the relationships between all dimensions of recovery.


Structure and properties of 5-epi-flavoxanthin and 5-epi-chrysanthemaxanthin

The absolute configurations of 5-epi-flavoxanthin (6) and 5-epi-chrysanthemaxanthin (7) prepared by acid catalysed rearrangement of semi-synthetic lutein epoxide 5 are shown to be (3S, 5S, 8R, 3′R, 6′R) and (3S, 5S, 8S, 3′R, 6′R), respectively. Contrary to published data [5] the relationship of the polyene chain and H3(18) on the dihydrofurane ring is cis for the pair of stereoisomers having a Δδ = δ (HC(7)) − δ (HC(8)) = 0,22 ppm and 3J ≡ 0. These conclusions are in full accord with the chiroptical data.


With the increasing use of vascular interventions, catheter navigation in complex vessels has become even more critical. Vascular intervention surgeries also require more precise manipulation and a more intelligent system to ensure the safety of the patients. In this paper, a virtual training model based on deep reinforcement learning was designed to navigate the catheter into the aortic arch. The whole experiment was carried out in a virtual environment, and a reinforcement learning method was used to test the performance of catheter autonomous navigation in vessels. Finally, the model was successfully trained and results were analyzed basing on previous work. The results obtained would be more convincing if the model was more complex and closer to the actual vessels.


Seawater represents a potential resource to ensure sustainable availability of water for population and irrigation purposes, especially in some areas of the world. Desalination processes allow the production of fresh water, but they generate also brine as waste product. Sustainable brine management should be identified to ensure proper disposal and potentially resource recovery. This experimental study showed that emerging technologies such as Microbial Desalination Cells (MDCs) may provide a valuable contribution to the sustainability of the seawater desalination sector. In this paper, we report results on lab-scale desalination brine treatments applying MDCs, which allow energy savings, resource recovery, environmental impact minimization, and reduction of the organic load in municipal wastewater. Our results showed that MDCs' treatment allows the removal of approximately 33 g of salts (62% of the total)—including chlorides, bromides, and sulphates—from 20 mL of brine within 96 h. The MDCs, according to the source of energy and the presence of mature biofilm at the anode, spent 7.2 J, 7.9 J, and 9.6 J in the desalination process, with the higher amount of energy required by the abiotic system and the lesser by the MDCs fed with just wastewater. Our approach also showed environmental and energy reductions because of potential metal recovery instead of returning them into marine environment. We quantified the avoided life cycle of human and marine eco-toxicity impacts as well as the reduction of cumulative energy demand of recovered metals. The main benefit in terms of avoided toxicity would arise from the mercury and copper recovery, while potential economic advantages would derive from the recovered cobalt that represents a strategic resource for many products such as battery storage systems.


In the demographic literature age at marriage has long been regarded as one of the proximate determinants of fertility. However in most situations age at first marriage might have no effect on fertility. First if women start having children no matter when they marry then the effect of age at marriage on fertility may be limited. Second if fertility is controlled within marriage by using contraceptives or other means age at marriage may not have much of an effect on fertility because couples may decide how many children they would like to have regardless of the age at marriage. In Tanzania many traditional values and social practices concerning procreation have undergone changes during the course of modernization. Therefore in modern times the concept of marriage being universal and birth occurring only in marriage is a misleading idea. Hence the change in the timing of the first birth is undoubtedly an important element of the fertility decline than age at first union. This paper focuses on the proximate determinants of age at first birth i.e. age at first sexual intercourse age at first marriage the incidence of primary sterility the practice of contraception to delay first conception and induced abortion and early pregnancy wastage prior to the first birth. Though an important determinant of age at first birth as it signifies the beginning of puberty age at menarche will not be discussed as the 1996 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey (TDSH) data did not collect information on it. By using the 1996 TDHS data mean age at first sexual intercourse was found to be 16 years age at first marriage was found to be 17 years while the mean age at first birth was estimated to be 18 years. It was further found that 3 out of 4 mothers in Tanzania start childbearing during their adolescence i.e. only 25% of all mothers got their first child after adolescence. The paper also made a comparison between the Tanzania situation with other countries which participated in the DHS III and found out that in general early entrance into sexual relations means early entrance into childbearing and consequently high fertility in sub-Saharan. (authors)


Organophosphate pesticides are widely used to eliminate pests in agriculture. In Arica- Chile, they were used to control and eliminate the plague of fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata). They act as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and induce DNA damage. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of malathion and methamidophos two organophosphate pesticides on male reproductive parameters of red earthworm Eisenia foetida. After determining the LD50 in mg per kilogram of soil (malathion= 880 mg/kg and methamidophos= 85.3 mg/kg), we proceeded to subdue Eisenia foetida at a dose of 1/10, 1/6, 1/3 and 2/3 of the LD50. The control groups were sprayed with water. All groups were analyzed at 1, 6, 15 and 30 days post treatment. The weight and external morphological changes was determined. Sperm count was held in camera Neubaur, DNA integrity was determined with Acridine orange test. The Ethics / Bioethics Committee at the University of Tarapaca, approved the research protocols. The results show that both organophosphate express a significant decrease in body weight in all animals treated with 100% of coiled tail. A significant rise in the number of sperm at 1, 6 and 15 days followed by a significant decrease from 15 to 30 days was observed. A significant increase of abnormal metachromatic sperm (red fluorescence) in all treated animals was observed. It is concluded that malathion and methamidophos, alter the external morphology, sperm count and quality of Eisenia foetida red earthworm. The use of these chemicals needs better handling and storage procedures to avoid altering human health and the environment.


In recent years, with the increase of aging population and physical disabilities, more attentions have been paid on studies of the lower extremity exoskeleton. It is a man-machine integration device and fusion of multi-subject technology. This article will discuss on mathematical modeling and PID control on exoskeleton. Firstly, the law of human gait and leg structure is studied in details. On this basis and combining the robotics, the freedom and the structure parameters of exoskeleton can be designed. Secondly, by using the D-H model, the mathematical model will be established to analyze the relationship between the pose and motion. Thirdly, by using Lagrange equation, a dynamic model which is to study the relationship between the torque and motion is established. Finally, a modern simulation tool called SimMechanics is used to set up the kinematics model. PID control is used in the article. The sine wave response has been analyzed to earn feasibility results.


Commentary on : Puzziferri N, Roshek TB III., Mayo HG, et al. Long-term follow-up after bariatric surgery: a systematic review. JAMA 2014;312:934–42.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

The prevalence of obesity has continued to increase worldwide.1 It is well established that bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity.2 However, few studies have looked at long-term outcomes and for those that do, follow-up is frequently poor. This systemic review examines the association of bariatric surgery with the outcomes of weight loss and diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia resolution in studies of at least 2 years duration with adequate follow-up of patients. It compares the three most common types …

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Early in the 20th century, diabetes mellitus was considered to be a rare medical condition in African countries, and mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. Over the past 30 or 40 years however, the situation has changed. Diabetes is now regarded as a major public health problem throughout Africa particularly among urban communities. The disease is little understood in the general population and is often poorly detected. Previous research, for example, shows about 50 percent of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tanzania are unaware of their condition and more than 80 percent diabetes cases are undiagnosed. This thesis aims to explore factors influencing health-seeking and health related behaviour among adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in an urban community in Tanzania. It seeks to answer the following key question: What are the key factors influencing health seeking and health related behaviour and care management for type 2 diabetes mellitus? Data collection was carried out from March to June 2007 in two diabetes clinics in Dar es Salaam, the commercial capital city of Tanzania. The main study population consisted of patients aged 35 years and above who had been diagnosed with the disease more than one year before the time of the current study. In-depth interviews were carried out with 20 frequent and 10 infrequent clinic attendees, their 14 caregivers, and seven health care workers; while key informant interviews were carried out with six key national health officials. Furthermore, eight focus group discussions were carried out with people with diabetes and selected community members. Multiple influences on health-seeking behaviour were identified, many of which affected clinic attendance, adherence to treatment programmes, and outcomes. These influences included poor accessibility to diabetes drugs and other services at the clinics, lack of financial resources for transport to the clinic and purchasing of drugs, overcrowded and inadequate public transport, lay beliefs and models of disease causation and treatment which accentuate the role of traditional healers, and poor organisation of the clinics leading to long queues and waiting times. The findings suggest that improving the delivery of care to people with diabetes will require action to address a range of structural, financial, cultural, and administrative


Abstract Seven date palm varieties were screened against leaf spot under field conditions at Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. Results over 3 yr observations revealed that variety Khadrawi was resistant, contracting disease intensity less than 5%, four varieties, viz. Hallawi, Hayani, Shamran and Zaidi were found susceptible whereas Barhee and Medjool were highly susceptible to leaf spot. Eight fungicides were evaluated for their efficacy against leaf spot under field conditions. Data from 2 yr experiments revealed carben‐dazim at the rate of 0.2% to be most effective followed by thiophanate methyl, while captafol was less effective.


Mononuclear phagocytes like monocytes/macrophages engulf microbes and mediate intracellular killing through different mechanisms such as production of anti-microbial peptides, reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediates and autophagy induction. However, intracellular pathogens like M. tuberculosis evades from macrophage defense mechanisms by various strategies to adapt the intracellular environment of macrophages and creating a major host cell niche for its growth and survival. 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 [1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ] is the active form of vitamin D, which is shown to be involved in immuno-modulation in various immune cells including macrophages. Genomic actions of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 exert through vitamin D receptor, which is expressed constitutively in macrophages. Various studies revealed that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 enhances the macrophage phacocytosis by upregulating the surface receptors including CD14 and mannose receptor. Moreover, 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 enhances the antimicrobial effects of macrophages by upregulating the expression of antimicrobial peptides such as cathelicidin and defensin, which inhibit the intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis . 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 mediated cathelicidin expression upregulates the autophagy genes and enhance the fusion of phagosome containing M. tuberculosis with lysosome. Apart from antimicrobial effects, 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 also modulates the antigen presentation and secretion of chemokines, cytokines and other factors of macrophages. In conclusion, it has been suggested that 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 enhances macrophage innate immune functions by upregulating the antimicrobial efficiency, which could be beneficial to the host during active tuberculosis disease. This suggests that vitamin D supplementation may be useful as an adjunct during anti-TB treatment in tuberculosis.


Abstract. This paper concerns parameter identification flight test maneuvers development and proposes an optimization technique that demonstrates the input signal importance for the quality and reliability of the entire system identification process applied to flight dynamics. The technique's goal is to reach better levels of identificability through optimized excitation signals specification. Regarding the efficiency of asymptotically unbiased estimators, such as maximum likelihood, the sensitivities of the output equations to the system parameters are maximized. The sensitivity matrix and Cramer-Rao lower bounds concepts are used as optimization criteria to generate excitation signals which should minimize the parameter estimation uncertainties. This approach depends only on the a priori knowledge about the dynamic model and has as starting point square waves bang-bang signals. Concerning the optimization procedure, a genetic algorithm is used, aiming at providing global solutions. The efficiency of this technique is shown through a Monte Carlo analysis of the parameter estimation process, using a system identification tool developed by ITA and EMBRAER. The linear longitudinal aircraft dynamics was used to generate simulated data, enabling comparison of the sub-optimal and optimal inputs. The parameter estimation reliability improvement is shown and the need for specification of optimized flight test maneuvers for parameter identification becomes clear.


Disturbances of dental development may result in anomalies, which may be apparent as soon as the child is born. This report aims to describe the occurrence of natal teeth in a non-syndromic case of neonatal septic arthritis of the knee joint. Various systemic conditions have been associated with the occurrence of natal teeth in the past. The present report highlights the importance of a proper referral system between the pediatrician and the pediatric dentist to provide a multidisciplinary approach in the first few months of life.


The wind power system has always focus on the problem of lightning protection of wind turbine blades. Because of the increase of the capacity of wind turbines, the effective height of the wind turbines and the length of the blades also increase a lot, and the problem of the lightning protection failure of the existing blade lightning protection system (LPS) against direct lightning strikes has become prominent as well. There is still short of an optimization design of the LPS which can not only meet engineering requirements but receive all the downward lightning leaders. In this paper, a design scheme of overlying conductors on both of the leading edge and the tailing edge outside the tip of the blade was proposed to solute the delamination damage of the blades. This design of LPS could reduce the vicinal electric field of the down conductors, and reduce the probability of the streamer discharge incept from the down conductor as well as the discharge incept outside the laminate. The experimental study on the lightning protection performance was carried out under lightning and switching impulse voltage. The experimental results showed that the overlying conductors can effectively receive the downward leader to protect the blade from being penetrated in its laying range, but the protection efficiency would decline sharply when the downward leader developed outside the laying range. The covering length of the conductors should be 12% of the total length of the wind turbine blade, which can reduce the lightning damage by 90% or above.


[Objective] To study the effects of early enternal nutrition through upper jejunum on recovery of gastroenteric motility after Whipple operation .[Methods] 17 patients underwent Whipple operation plus jejunostomy in upper jejunum simultaneously in order to administrate enternal nutrition,and 20 patients underwent Whipple operation only.A retrospective comparison about the recovery of gastroenteric motility was done between the two groups.[Results] The recovery of enteric motility of patients after Whipple operation with early enternal nutrition through upper jejunum was earlier than that without early enternal nutrition (P 0.01),but the recovery of gastric motility was later(P 0.01),and the occurrence of functional delay of gastric empty seemsd increased.[Conclusions] Although the early enternal nutrition can reduce the time of the recovery of enteric motility after Whipple operation,the time of the recovery of gastric motility may be increased.It may be one of reasons for the functional delay of gastric empty after operation.


Licmosphenia Mereschkowsky is distinguished from Licmophora C.A. Agardh on the basis of a septum with an apical aperture. Nine species have been named; hardly any have been reported since they were first described. Three species that clearly fit Mereschkowsky's generic definition have been found in samples from filamentous seaweeds in Guam and observed with light and scanning electron microscopy. Two are very similar to Mereschkowsky's Licmosphenia peragalli and Licmosphenia vanheurckii, but different enough to be proposed as new species, Licmosphenia peragallioides sp. nov. and Licmosphenia albertmannii sp. nov., along with Licmosphenia leuduger-fortmorelii sp. nov. Valves of these species are structurally similar to one another and to Licmophora aff. ehrenbergii (Kützing) Grunow and Licmophora abbreviata C.A. Agardh. All have wide striae of apically elongated areolae, and all have three rimoportulae per frustule: on the head pole of each valve but on the foot pole of only one. They differ in the shape of the valve and septum and can be distinguished on the basis of septum structure alone. A summary is provided of all other named Licmosphenia species, including a key for their identification. Comparison with Licmophora shows that the fine structure of the three new species is similar to species with coarse striae, e.g., Licmophora ehrenbergii and Licmophora abbreviata, but other species in both genera have finer striae, which in Licmophora are known to have different ultrastructure. At present there is insufficient evidence to emend the generic description of Licmosphenia or to decide if it should be included in Licmophora.


The study explore how young immigrants mold their perceptions of the family life they want to have and how they bridge their culture and history with that of their adoptive society. Two groups of recent immigrants in Israel from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia, and two non-immigrant resident groups-Jewish and Arab, were interviewed. Respondents were given an identical master case stimulus: a short narrative vignette of a typical family setting at home. After reading it they were asked to described how they expect their own future family to look. Four family domains emerged: (1) love and intimacy; (2) family and work; (3) parent/child relationships; and (4) divorce. The main conclusions were that a convergence process toward the veteran population family patterns occurred; the family of origin was often evaluated and sometimes criticized in relation to the newly acquired standards; and an overall trend toward compromise concerning gender equality was observable.


ZnO∶Al(AZO) thin films were grown by reactive DC magnetron sputtering technique under various oxygen flow ratio at room temperature.The effect of oxygen flow on phase,morphology and structure of the deposited films were systematically analyzed by XRD,SEM and TEM,respectively.The thin films deposited under 2.5 sccm O2 flows show AZO/Zn(AZO) bilayers structure.As the oxygen flow is 3.5 sccm,the AZO thin films with good visible transparency and low resistivity exhibited the c-axis(002) oriented polycrystalline films.As the oxygen flow is 5.0 sccm,Al2O3 nanoparticles were formed in AZO films with visible transparency and high resistivity and disappeared after annealing at 400 ℃.


Accurate representation of heat and mass-transfer in thermoconvective flows is of great importance in several industrial processes. In particular this study is motivated by the need to better understand molten glass circulation in glass melting furnaces. The geometry of furnaces is rather simple : the free surface of the molten glass is horizontal and the refractory walls are parallelepipedic. However, the flow patterns in this geometry are actually 3D as the width of the tank can be restricted at the neck while the height is modified by a step. For these reasons, the solution in the plane of symmetry can no longer be regarded as representative. For this class of problems, the convective currents are moderate amplitude, with a typical value of Reynolds number of O(1), while the Peclet number can be of order of 300 (given the low conductivity of molten glass). The numerical difficulty is therefore associated with solving of energy equation rather then that of momentum. While a detailed, steady-state solution is important, the time evolution of the flow structure is also of great interest. Given the intensity of the thermoconvection - the Grasshof number is approximate to 5000 - no unstationary solution should be expected. However, a sensitivity, study is a variation of the solution under varying operating conditions, e.g. pull rate; thermal boundary conditions..., sheds light on the stability and the relative importance of both thermal and viscous effects. The numerical tool developed to simulate this physical situation is an unstationnary spectral element Boussinesq solver. Spatial discretization is realized through the division of the Computational domain in a limited (<50) number of spectral elements. On each element, the unknowns are interpolated by a high-order Legendre polynomial. Depending on the value of the Prandtl number of the fluid, a greater number of degrees of freedom can be associated to the thermal problem. The goal of this presentation is to claim the efficiency of high order methods for the numerical simulation of thermoconvection in the glass melting tank. Comparisons with finite-difference and finite-element solutions demonstrates a lower number of degrees of freedom necessary to obtain specified level of accuracy. A global increase in computing efficiency allows 30 simulations like time evolution of melting rank during change of glass.


ABSTRACT This study is focused on productivity, human resources  investment, phisical investment and  employment to proverty and economic growth  in  Indonesia. The proverty  is influenced by  education investment, health investment,  productivity and economic growth. On the other hand, the economic growth part is affected by productivity,  phisical investment,  employment  and  proverty. From econometric study, we found that proverty and economic growth give causality and contribute significantly. The data series was taken from 1980-2009. Simultaneous model 2SLS is used to analyze  education investment, health  investment, productivity, phisical investment, employment, proverty and economic growth coefficients size. Before future analysis, we also checked stationary test, co-integration test and causalities between  proverty  and  economic growth. We conclude that  the government need to increase incentive in public sector and riel sector in order to increase investment and economic. Therefore, it can decrease proverty rate and increase economic growth in Indonesia. Keyword: Human resources investment, Phisical investment, Productivity, Proverty and Economic growth.


When the node resources are limited and placed in a hostile environment, wireless sensor networks are highly vulnerable to attacks and easily captured. Based on the cluster collaboration scheme, we put a group key management scheme for large-scale distributed wireless sensor networks. Mutual collaboration between the neighboring head nodes of the nearest group could update the group key in real time to reduce the attacks from the compromised nodes. The head node updates its group key when the number of compromised nodes in its own is below a threshold, and the neighboring head instead of the group head updates it when above a threshold. The neighboring heads will inform the base station and entire network in the latter situation that the group has failed,cut their communication with it, and redeployed it. When the head node compromises, its nearest head nodes will collaborate with other neighboring heads to select a new node in the group as their head. Compared with that the whole network has one common polynomial, that every group has a distinct polynomial greatly decreases the attacks of collusion. The network has increased its self-healing property by setting related parameters. The experimental results show that the communication overhead of the head node comes to a certain value with the increase of the member in each group. Therefore, this scheme is suitable for large-scale networks having multiple different levels of self-healing demands.


This paper, equipped with nonlinear statistical theory and nave Bayesian classification algorithm provided in data mining, from data of the 5th national lustrum and special investigations, proposes a statistical mathematical model of the actuality and the diversion of the country labor force of Xuanzhou region of China.Finally, this paper infers several conclusions from the model and tries to predict the trend of the variation. 


Heinrich events are recognized as the dominant periods of extreme cold terrestrial climate conditions during the last glacial period. The role of climate forcing alone upon Human Existence Potential (HEP) during extreme events, e.g. Heinrich and Dansgaard-Oeschger events, is not yet sufficiently resolved. By reproducing climate variables during the two extreme cold and warm cycles by means of an Earth System Model, employing an improved HEP model, and utilizing archaeological excavation sites, we report the spatial distribution of HEP over Europe during both cold stadials and warm interstadials corresponding to the two Upper Palaeolithic technocomplexes: Late Gravettian and Aurignacian. By introducing some other diagnostics like Environmental Human Catchment, which is defined as an area delimited by low HEP, cooling-aridity index, and Least Cost Path among colonized people, we shed light into population dynamics in this epoch. Consecutive extreme cold and warm cycles, corresponding to contraction-expansion of HEP, supports the hypothesis of repetitive depopulation–repopulation cycles of habitats. Regarding the controversial issue of late survival location of Neanderthals, we illustrate that western coastlines had such a suitable and stable HEP scores for all human taxa including Neanderthals to survive during Heinrich events.


Herein we report the thermal behavior of the Indian pine oleoresin by thermogravimetric, differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and powder XRD studies. The natural oleoresin is amorphous as seen from powder XRD studies. However, when heated to a high temperature, it forms crystalline SiO2 with characteristic reflections of alpha-quartz (SiO2) as seen in powder XRD patterns. TG-DTA analysis shows that the amount of SiO2 obtained upon heating is about 75% of the initial resin mass, a huge proportion compared to a maximum of 20% reported in the literature from other plant sources. The FTIR spectra of the oleoresin and its organic extract show a band around 1013-1081 cm-1, indicating the presence of compounds containing Si-O or Si-O-R groups in oleoresin. Our results suggest that the oleoresin contains a substantial amount of dispersed biosilica and/or several organosilicon compounds, not reported till date.


The risk assessment indexes system of high rock slope distributed to expressway was studied.According to practical situation of expressway high rock slope engineering and the existing research results,four main failure modes of the high rock slope of expressway were determined,and the main influence factors and corresponding risk examination index of the high rock slope were summarized for each failure mode on the basis of the investigation of more than 300 high rock slopes distributed to several expressways.The weight of each index was calculated according to the importance degree of each examination index based on the method of analytic hierarchy process.The engineering example was analyzed by the method.The results prove the correctness and effectiveness of this method.The risk assessment indexes system put forward a set of comprehensive risk evaluation methods and the corresponding maintenance countermeasure,which has important reference for determining high rock slope landslide risk and reasonably arranging maintenance funding of expressway slope management and maintenance unit.


An image monitoring device (10) includes an image acquisition unit (15), an image processing unit (16), and a determination unit (17). The image acquisition unit (15) continuously acquires a periphery image. The image acquisition unit (15) superimposes a periodically changing signal onto a predetermined position of the periphery image. The image processing unit (16) runs a predetermined image process on the periphery image onto which the signal is superimposed. The determination unit (17) determines a failure of the image processing unit on the basis of whether there is a periodic change in the superimposed signal in the periphery image that has undergone the predetermined image process.


This study seeks to clarify teacher educator definitions of self-efficacy, how it is manifested in students, and ways it is taught in preparation programs. Data was collected through an electronic survey administered to teacher educators from three universities in the Midwest, Mid-South, and Northeast. Five key characteristics of Confidence/Self-Empowerment, Commitment, Ability to Meet Challenges, Innovative Thinking, and Facilitation emerged. The characteristics of Commitment and Confidence/Self-Empowerment surface as highly valued by teacher educators when describing self-efficacy. Modeling, individual and class discussions, and reflections on real-life teaching are the most common methods employed to develop self-efficacy in teacher candidates. appreciating and


a microwave absorber is designed with a given absorbing material whose relative permittivity and permeability are already known. In this design process, impedance matching between absorber and free space is performed by metamaterial approach where metal strips of specific dimension are inserted into the absorbing material periodically to achieve desired effective permittivity calculated from impedance matching equation. Finally, a microwave absorber along with designed metal strip is modeled in 3D electromagnetic simulation software HFSS. Simulated frequency response of reflection coefficient verifies impedance matching at design frequency and matches with experimental result conducted by another researcher.