This book contains papers presented at a symposium at the Post-Graduate Medical School, University of Edinburgh, in 1966. They include a wide variety of subjects from pathological criteria of malignancy to lymphography in Kaposi's Sarcoma. The papers vary considerably in length; one page is devoted to nasopharyngeal cancer in Eastern Africa, 30 pages to the epidemiology of gastric cancer. Burkitt has a brief article on the epidemiology of the Burkitt tumor, and Epstein and associates describe their laboratory investigation of the tumor. Wynder's detailed examination and discussion of many factors involved in the epidemiology of gastric cancer is the most thoughtful and provocative paper in the book and should be required reading for all interested in the epidemiology of any tumor. Other chapters deal with the mortality, some clinical problems and genetics of gastric cancer. The incidences of various cancers in Iceland, Singapore, East Africa, the West Indies, and Ibadan


Purpose . In the paper there is the comparative analysis of standards and methods of measurements of electromagnetic interference, those are caused by electrical equipment of new types of rolling stock with AC and DC-current electric traction in accordance with the normative documents are adopted in Ukraine and the EU. The development on this basis the measuring method of current interference in traction network, generated by the electrical equipment of electric rolling stock (ERS) applicable to testing the new types of rolling stock for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) with different systems of railway signaling is also needed. Methodology . The testing method has been offered. It includes measurements in power circuits of rolling stock, as well as in track devices of signalization systems. Findings . Norms and methods tests of a rolling stock on electromagnetic compatibility with track circuits (TC) were analyzed. It was found that a large variety of electricity supply systems, signalization and link in Europe makes it necessary to test new types of electric rolling stock for electromagnetic compatibility with pick up unit in each country separately, taking into account the features used in its systems. It is greatly increases the cost of introducing new types of rolling stock. The test method of electric rolling stock EMC with track circuits has been developed; it includes measurement in power circuits of rolling stock, as well as in track devices of signalization systems. Measurements in accordance with the proposed methodology for electric rolling stock with asynchronous traction drive when driving on sections electrified at AC and DC have been carried out. The values of the interference current in track circuit to all the frequencies of the signal current have been defined. It is shown that under some modes of the train the interference current exceed the permissible values. Originality . The method for measuring interference current generated by rolling stock electrical equipment in the traction network was offered. The method assumes the simultaneous recording of the network current of electric train, automatic locomotive signaling current, train`s speed, driver`s controller handle position and reverse traction current in a track line when trains passing over the measuring section with subsequent computer processing results, computer and physical simulations. Practical value . Using of the developed method improves the accuracy of the tests and reduces their cost.


In the present paper, it is considered the problem of construction of optimal difference formulas for approximate solution of the Cauchy problem in the Sobolev space of functions which are square integrable with m-th order derivatives (in generalized sense). Here, using the discrete analogue of the differential operator of 2m-th order the representations of the optimal difference formulas are found.


To verify the effectiveness of methods for estimating reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is to be compared with the standard method, PenmanMonteith, who needs data on temperature and air humidity, solar radiation and wind speed. However, farmers do not always have such data, recommending the use of simpler methods. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of some empirical equations of ETo based on air temperature in relation to Penman-Monteith in Aquidauana-MS. We used climatic variables obtained through the network of stations of the National Meteorological Institute, located in Aquidauana between January 2009 and December 2010. To compare the values of ETo estimated by the empirical equation with the standard method, were considered the parameters of the regression equation (a and b), the coefficient of determination (r²), the index of agreement (d) and index of performance (c). The empirical models evaluated based on air temperature were the methods Camargo, Hargreaves-Samani, Klarrufa and Linacre. It is concluded that the best method for estimating ETo based on air temperature in the region of AquidauanaMS is the Hargreaves-Samani.


In this paper, we propose a novel type of soft robot for sit to stand (STS) training, which is made with soft bellow actuators. Analysis with five healthy human subjects revealed that there is a statistically significant decrease in the peak and mean muscle activation signal from three out of the four groups of lower limb muscle for STS transition, namely, tibialis anterior, hamstrings, and quadriceps. The peak muscle activation decreased most drastically on the quadriceps muscle group (0.726 ± 0.467 to 0.269 ± 0.334). As reduced muscle activation signal correlates to less muscular effort required by the users, the results show the effectiveness of the device in partially supporting the STS transition of the subject, which subsequently serves as an STS trainer device.


The present invention relates to an endless platen distribution of gas and liquid co-flow (1), said platen comprising a plate (10), the plate (10) is drilled with apertures (12) and supports the plate ( 10) extending perpendicularly to the hollow passage (20), each aperture plate is provided with a cross section of the aperture (12) (12) the same channel (20), characterized in that the plate (10) positioned with each peripheral channels (20) within the circumscribed circle of the plurality of openings (30), and the center of the circumscribed circle of the central channel (20) coincides, and the radius of the circumscribed circle is less than or equal to two adjacent 1/3 separation between the channel (20) of the shortest distance, and a single guide element (40, 100) disposed beneath each channel (20), an opening (30) and each channel (20) associated deflector member (40) for causing the gas - liquid mixture rotational movement beneath each channel.


The study of multi-component systems without exact knowledge of the binary phase diagrams and their thermodynamic properties leads to erroneous results of such systems. This work is devoted to a critical analysis of binary thallium-selenium, and thalliumtellurium systems, and presents a continuance of the thermodynamic analysis of the phase diagram of thallium-sulfur system*. Thallium chalcogenides and their derived materials with other elements at the solid, liquid and glassy states have a wide range of properties for use in industry. The knowledge of thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of binary, ternary and many component systems is necessary for solving material science problems and for designing new products and technologies fitted to actual needs.


This paper presents a study on energy performance of Thailand's hotel buildings. Energy consumption data, hotel characteristic and hotel operation data were collected from 63 hotels through a technical survey. The annual Electricity Consumption Intensities (ECI) of the sampled hotels were then calculated and the hotel parameters affecting electricity consumption of the hotels were analyzed by Pearson correlation. Results indicated that most of the sampled hotels in Thailand consumed electricity, Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) and diesel. Electricity is the main energy source, accounted for 69% to 94%. The electricity was mainly used in air conditioning (57%), followed by lighting (18%), escalators (9%), water heating (8%), and fans and pumps (8%). The average annual ECIs of hotel buildings in Thailand were 321.84 kWh/m 2 , 35,210.40 kWh/guest room and 2,292.36 kWh/room night. Pearson correlations showed that worker density had a positive correlation with monthly ECI in kWh/m 2 at 99% confidential level whereas Occupancy Rates (OR) had a negative correlation with monthly ECI in kWh/room night at 95% confidential level. The predictive model determined based on a stepwise linear regression indicated that the optimization of some hotel operational factors such as number of room nights, number of workers, worker density and OR could lead to the significant decrease in electricity consumption of hotel building in Thailand.


The paper on the professional self-concept of a pre-service
teacher presents the results of the qualitative research into
the professional self-concept of students (n=204) at the
Faculty of Education at Masaryk University in Brno, the Czech
Republic. The research presented is a grounded theory research
using a multi-method approach for collecting data. Thus, the
free response was proven to be a valid tool for studying
professional self-concept. The part of the paper in which the
results are presented highlights the dominant aspects of the
professional self-concept of student teachers and their
relationship to the concepts of the self-discrepancy theory –
the ideal, ought and actual selves. Furthermore, it examines
the possible selves, i.e. the wanted and unwanted possible
selves of students from their future development in the role of
the teacher. Attention is focused on the formation process of
the professional self-concept – on the key factors and
individual stages. The process of forming the professional
self-concept of a pre-service teacher consists of three phases:
(1) familiarization with the role of the teacher; (2)
confrontation, in which the pre-service teacher confronts their
actual self and their ought self or ideal self; (3)
transformation, where the pre-service teacher transforms their
preconceptions in their own conceptions of teaching.


Almost all surgeries cause pain, the pain that is felt is the result of the incision. The effects of pain that do not subside are myocardial ischemia, increased morbidity, and hopelessness. One intervention to relieve postoperative pain is Spiritual Emosional Freedom Technique (SEFT). The purpose of this case study is to describe the reduction in pain scale of postoperative patients in Nusa Indah Room TK.III 04.06.02 Bhakti Wira Tamtama Semarang Hospital after SEFT intervention. This type of research is descriptive using a case study approach. The subjects in this study were 2 postoperative patients with criteria of moderate to high pain. Analysis of pain measurements using the Numerical Scale Branch scale. The analysis showed that there was a decrease in pain scale after the intervention. On subject 1 the pain scale 7 (high pain) became the pain scale 4 (moderate pain) and subject 2 the pain scale 8 (high pain) became the pain scale 4 (moderate pain). Effective SEFT therapy is used to reduce postoperative pain in the room because it is easy and simple. Good therapy is applied by nurses in the room to reduce the scale of pain in postoperative patients.


Indonesia is an archipelago with a diversity of sustainable fishery resources with economic value. This research was carried out in Karangsong village, Indramayu district, from September to October 2022 to analyze the welfare level of gill net fishermen in Karangsong village, Indramayu district. The method used is a descriptive case study with a quantitative approach. Data collection techniques were carried out by direct observation, and interviews were completed by filling out questionnaires of 30 respondents. Respondents were taken using a purposive sampling technique. The research parameters include ten welfare indicators summarized by the Central Statistics Agency (2015). The results of the research show that based on the welfare indicators according to the Central Statistics Agency (2015), it is known that the income of labor fishermen comes from wages from the fishery profit sharing system and other jobs with an average total income of IDR 5,086.667 per month. Meanwhile, total expenditures came from food and non-food spending, with an average of IDR 3,792,667 per month. Gill net fishermen in Karang song village are classified as having a high level of welfare, between a score of >2.31 and a total score of 2.76. Labor fishermen classified in high welfare were 27 respondents, while labor fishermen classified in moderate welfare were 3 respondents.


Neither the incumbent subscription publishers, nor their current library customers, appear to believe that the value added by publishers justifies the current costs. Cameron Neylon argues that $1000 per paper is a reasonable lower level cost, and a good place to start an honest conversation with publishers.


Rhizosphere processes are highly dynamic in time and space and strongly depend on each other. Key factors influencing pH changes in the rhizosphere are root exudation, respiration, and nutrient supply, which are influenced by soil water content levels. In this study, we measured the real-time distribution of soil water, pH changes, and oxygen distribution in the rhizosphere of young maize plants using a recently developed imaging approach. Neutron radiography was used to capture the root system and soil water distribution, while fluorescence imaging was employed to map soil pH and soil oxygen changes. Germinated seeds of maize (Zea mays L.) were planted in glass rhizotrons equipped with pH and oxygen-sensitive sensor foils. After 20 d, the rhizotrons were wetted from the bottom and time-lapsed images via fluorescence and neutron imaging were taken during the subsequent day and night cycles for 5 d. We found higher water content and stronger acidification in the first 0.5 mm from the root surface compared to the bulk soil, which could be a consequence of root exudation. While lateral roots only slightly acidified their rhizosphere, crown roots induced stronger acidification of up to 1 pH unit. We observed changing oxygen patterns at different soil moisture conditions and increasing towards lateral as well as crown roots while extending laterally with ongoing water logging. Our work indicates that plants alter the rhizosphere pH and oxygen also depending on root type, which may indirectly arise also from differences in age and water content changes. The results presented here were possible only by combining different imaging techniques to examine profiles at the root-soil interface in a comprehensive way during wetting and drying.


National Marine Fdier ies Service NOAA. Honolulu On the basis of a total of 26 specimens of the genus Thaumarichthys. ranging from larvae to adults, a general description of the genus is presented, including the osteology, dentition, jaw mechanism and illicium and esca structures of the females and a description of the previously unknown male. The genera Amacrodon Regan & Trewavas and Galarheathauma Bruun are synonymized with Thaumatichthvs Smith & Radcliffe and it is concluded that the known specimens of this genus represent three species: 7'. pagidostomus Smith & Radcliffe, T. binghami Parr, and T. axeli (Bruun). The relationships of Thaumatichthw to other genera of Ceratioidei is discussed mainly on basis of a comparative study of a representative of the genus Lasiognathus Regan. Diagnosis of the family and keys to its genera and the species of Thaumatichrhvs are provided.


Systemic risk of a banking system arises from cascading defaults due to interbank linkages. Any large negative external shock can in principle trigger cascading defaults, but shocks to systematic risk factors, as opposed to banks' idiosyncratic elements, are more likely to drive cascading defaults and hence to cause higher systemic risk. This paper proposes a structural model for a banking system in which bank assets are subject to both systematic and idiosyncratic risks and bank liabilities contain interbank


AbstractThe reuse of high content of reclaimed asphalt pavement and reclaimed asphalt shingles in hot mixtures by adding recycling oils has attracted wide attention and interest in the paving indus...


Legionella pneumophila is a human pathogen causing severe pneumonia called Legionnaires' disease. Multiple Legionella effectors are type IV‐secreted into the host cell to establish a specific vesicular compartment for pathogen replication. Recently, it has been reported that the Legionella effector SetA shares sequence similarity with glycosyltransferases and interferes with vesicular trafficking of host cells. Here we show that SetA possesses glycohydrolase and mono‐O‐glucosyltransferase activity by using UDP‐glucose as a donor substrate. Whereas the catalytic activity is located at the N terminus of SetA, the C terminus (amino acids 401–644) is essential for guidance of SetA to vesicular compartments of host cells. EGFP‐SetA expressed in HeLa cells localizes to early endosomes by interacting with phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate. EGFP‐SetA, transiently expressed in RAW 264.7 macrophages, associates with early phagosomes after infection with Escherichia coli and L. pneumophila. Only the combined expression of the C‐ and N‐terminal domains induces growth defects in yeast similar to full‐length SetA. The data indicate that SetA is a multidomain protein with an N‐terminal glucosyltransferase domain and a C‐terminal phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate‐binding domain, which guides the Legionella effector to the surface of the Legionella‐containing vacuole. Both, the localization and the glucosyltransferase domains of SetA are crucial for cellular functions.


Worm gear mechanism (44) includes a worm (70), and meshing with a worm wheel (80) to the worm consists. The hob used for gear cutting of the worm wheel teeth (90), at least addendum surface (91c) is formed in a circular arc shape. The radius of the arc of the center of the tooth end faces (93) are located on the hob of the center line (WL ') nearer the hob pitch line (94). The worm wheel is gear cutting by the hob. The worm is formed on the hob and the same shape. Keep away from him meshing length of the worm gear mechanism (L), rather than to keep away from him meshing length of the conventional worm gear mechanism (Llim), set to be larger.


Turbulent drag reduction by additives is an effective approach to save energy in wall turbulence. Improvement of this approach requires a better understanding of the interactions between turbulence and additives including the complex changes in turbulence under various conditions of additives. In this paper we review some recent progress in the investigations of drag reduction in wall turbulence with inhomogeneous polymer solutions via slot-injection and wall-blowing methods. The turbulent statistics characteristics and coherent structures modified by the inhomogeneous polymer additives and the polymer diffusion characteristics in the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) flow and channel flow are discussed in terms of previous experimental and numerical studies. This review also presents a discussion of current limitations and future directions in these areas. Readers may find it helpful in understanding the phenomenon of turbulent drag reduction by inhomogeneous polymer additives and in developing practical applications.


The relationship between blood fibrinogen concentration and intravascular fibrin deposition was examined in EACA-treated rabbits infused with a standard amount of thrombin or simplastin sufficient to produce fibrin monomer (FM) but not defibrination. Fibrin in organs was measured by a previously described quantitative technique using 125I-fibrinogen. A significant (p<0.01) positive correlation was found between the baseline fibrinogen concentration and fibrin deposition 3 hours after infusion. By contrast, in vitro there was an inverse relationship between fibrinogen concentration and enzymatic clotting as well as non-enzymatic fibrin formation from soluble FM. When HN2-treated leukopenic rabbits were infused, fibrin deposition was inhibited despite the fact that the animals' fibrinogen concentration was substantially increased by the HN2 treatment. When leukocytosis was induced by pretreatment with endotoxin, fibrin deposition was potentiated. It is concluded that fibrin deposition from circulating FM is facilitated by a raised fibrinogen concentration by a mechanism that cannot be explained by the well known in vitro interaction between FM and fibrinogen. Secondly, white cells appear to participate in the intravascular precipitation of circulating soluble FM complexes.


In this paper we present a framework for reducing the development time needed for creating applications for use in non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Our framework is primarily focused on facilitating rapid software "app" development akin to current efforts in consumer portable computing (e.g. smart phones and tablets). This is accomplished by handling intermodule communication without direct user or developer implementation, instead relying on a core subsystem for communication of standard, internal data formats. We also provide a library of hardware interfaces for common mobile EEG platforms for immediate use in BCI applications. A use-case example is described in which a user with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis participated in an electroencephalography-based BCI protocol developed using the pIn this paper we present a framework for reducing the development time needed for creating applications for use in non-invasive brain-computer interfaces (BCI). Our framework is primarily focused on facilitating rapid software "app" development akin to current efforts in consumer portable computing (e.g. smart phones and tablets). This is accomplished by handling intermodule communication without direct user or developer implementation, instead relying on a core subsystem for communication of standard, internal data formats. We also provide a library of hardware interfaces for common mobile EEG platforms for immediate use in BCI applications. A use-case example is described in which a user with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis participated in an electroencephalography-based BCI protocol developed using the proposed framework. We show that our software environment is capable of running in real-time with updates occurring 50-60 times per second with limited computational overhead (5 ms system lag) while providing accurate data acquisition and signal analysis.roposed framework. We show that our software environment is capable of running in real-time with updates occurring 50-60 times per second with limited computational overhead (5 ms system lag) while providing accurate data acquisition and signal analysis.


The number of networked cameras is growing exponentially. Multiple applications in different domains result in an increasing need to search semantically over video sensor data. In this paper, we present the GOOSE demonstrator, which is a real-time general-purpose search engine that allows users to pose natural language queries to retrieve corresponding images. Top-down, this demonstrator interprets queries, which are presented as an intuitive graph to collect user feedback. Bottom-up, the system automatically recognizes and localizes concepts in images and it can incrementally learn novel concepts. A smart ranking combines both and allows effective retrieval of relevant images.


Theorem of the alternatives for linear matrix inequality based on the separation theorems are proposed to provide systematic and unified proofs of necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability of Lyapunov inequality on �� . As an application of the Theorem of the alternatives, we investigate the con- ditions for the existence of feasible solutions to Lyapunov inequality on �� and obtain a restatement of the celebrated Lyapunov stability theorem for linear time-invariant systems. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed method is illustrated by a numerical example.


Abstract This study uses Spotify as the main brand, and aims to investigate the effects of different product categories (hedonic products /utilitarian products), brand alliance fitness, and locus of control on customer's brand attitude and purchase intention. A total of 309 valid samples were collected. The results show that the different product categories of cooperative brands affect customer's brand attitude and purchase intention, especially for hedonic products. And locus of control has moderating effects in some cases. Based on the results, this study proposes marketing practice suggestion for Spotify about choosing cooperation brand and some recommendation for the future research.


A TV for storing favorite channels and a favorite channel storing method using the same are provided to allow a user to confirm date and time information in which deleted channels are stored as favorite channels after the channels are deleted from the favorite channels, and store and use the deleted channels as favorite channels again by storing the channels selected as the favorite channels together with the date and time information. An interface(214) receives various channel setup information from a user through a remote controller or a button. A storing unit(211) stores various information including favorite channel information. A control unit(213) stores favorite channels inputted through the interface(214) according to a stored time zone. If a channel selection signal is inputted through the interface(214), the control unit(213) controls each unit to be capable of outputting image information of channels extracted according to the favorite channels through a speaker(206) and a screen(216). When a request for re-storing deleted favorite channels as favorite channels is inputted, the control unit(213) re-stores the deleted favorite channels as the favorite channels.


The meat volume-shell length regressions and the relationship of the meat volume to shell length in the formula, K=meat volume/shell lengthn, were used to compare the condition of quahogs,Mercenaria mercenaria, from polluted and unpolluted waters in Point Judith Pond, Rhode Island. Quahogs were collected in November, 1961 from adjacent waters on each side of the pollution line set by the state and from the cleaner waters near the mouth of the estuary.


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Learning environment has an important role in learning and this explains the concerns of researchers to find a way in which this medium can be customized. New technologies and the Web as distributed system, allow the combining data and services that give a high degree of information accessibility in applications. Thus, the mashups, as a result of the current technology trend, are becoming more and more oriented to the end user and offer increased facilities. The purpose of this paper is to present the advantages offered by creating and using mashups in e-learning and their importance in opening the way for innovation regarding the designing of didactic content through the direct involvement of people (teachers) who don't have advanced computer knowledge.


Hyperglycemia is correlated with increased vascular oxidative stress and increased vascular permeability. The role of acute and chronic hyperglycemia in affecting lung endothelial permeability is unclear in a type 2 diabetes setting. Lung capillary filtration coefficient (Kf) was measured in the isolated lung of lean Zucker (LZ) and obese Zucker rats (OZ). We hypothesized obesity increases lung vascular permeability through chronic hyperglycemia. OZ had impaired glucose and insulin tolerance which was associated with elevated lung Kf (19.4 ± 3 ml/mmHg/g/min) as compared to LZ (11.4 ± 2 ml/mmHg/g/min). In a separate experiment, OZ were subjected to 4 weeks of Metformin treatment (300 mg/kg/day orally) to improve insulin sensitivity. Metformin treatment improved oral glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and vascular oxidative stress, and this was associated with improved baseline lung Kf (11.5 ± 1 ml/mmHg/g/min) as compared to OZ control animals. To examine the role of acute hyperglycemia in lung permeability, lungs from LZ and OZ were subjected to 30 minutes of an elevated glucose concentration (550 mg/dl). Acute hyperglycemia had no effect in OZ but increased lung Kf in LZ, which was ameliorated with acute antioxidant treatment (apocynin, 3mM) added to the lung perfusion solution. These data suggest that the chronic hyperglycemia in obesity can exacerbate lung vascular permeability, possibly through oxidative stress, and may blunt any further alterations in Kf during acute episodes hyperglycemia. This warrants further investigation into the use of antioxidants in the treatment of diabetic and acute hyperglycemic‐induced lung hyperpermeability.


Based on the observed precipitation data from 160 China stations,the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset and the sea surface temperature(SST) dataset from the Met Office Hadley Centre,this study investigates two major modes of wintertime precipitation over China through empirical orthogonal function(EOF) method and associated atmospheric circulation and SST through linear regression method.It reveals that the first two EOF modes account for 49.6% and 17.3% of the total variance,respectively,and can be well separated from the remaining modes.EOF1 reflects the strength of wintertime precipitation over southeastern China.The associated principal component(PC1) has significant interannual variability with 2-4 year period.Its interdecadal variations suggest that the wintertime precipitation over southeastern China was below(above) normal before(after) the mid-1980s,and has a slight decreasing trend in recent years.EOF2 delineates an out-of-phase relationship between South China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as well as the northern part of Xinjiang.The associated time series(PC2) also has a clear 2-4 year period and an interdecadal component,which experiences a clear trend towards its negative polarity from 1980 to 2005.Further analysis suggests that EOF1 is closely related to the El Nio-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) and the East Asian winter monsoon(EAWM).When warm(cold) ENSO is in its mature phase,the EAWM is weak(strong),the anomalous water vapor transport from the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea converges(diverges) over southeastern China and favors more(less) precipitation in this region.The SST anomalies over the tropical eastern Pacific have significant relationship with the variation of EOF1,and may act as a potential predictor for this mode.The variation of EOF2 is closely associated with a barotropic wave train across the Eurasian continent originating from the North Atlantic,which can induce anomalous northerlies(southerlies) along the coasts of southeastern China.It then causes the divergence(convergence) of water vapor flux in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and opposite condition in South China,and therefore favors a positive(negative) phase of EOF2.The SST anomalies around the Norwegian Sea over the North Atlantic have the closest relationship with the variations of EOF2,and may act as a potential predictor with a leading time of 7 months.


2-(4-tert-butyl-phenoxy) cyclohexanol was synthesized through the reaction of 4-tert-butylphenol with epoxycyclohexane in the presence of catalyst,and through two steps of thionyl chloride derivatives alcoholysis,neutralization to produce propargite under condition of 15 ℃. 1NMR and IR were performed to determine the structure of intermediates and final product. The results show that the analytical sample is identical to authentic,and the chemical structure and the quality of this compound agreed with those of imported samples. Factors influencing the reaction yield were studied,such as feeding mode and reactions times. The optimum technical condition:2-(4-tert-butyl-phenoxy) cyclohexanol is prepared from 4-tert-butylphenol and epoxycyclohexane and then thionyl chloride derivatives alcoholysis chlorinated sulfoxides to get intermediates. Intermediates reacted with propargyl alcohol in the presence of toluene to obtain the target material of 2-(4-tert-butyl-phenoxy) cyclohexanol. The total yield can be reach to 82% (based on 4-tert-butyl-phenol) and the purity is 98%.


This paper aims to obtain accurate forecasts of the hourly residential natural gas consumption, in Egypt, taken into consideration the volatile multiple seasonal nature of the gas series. This matter helps in both minimizing the cost of energy and maintaining the reliability of the Egyptian power system as well.,Double seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average-generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model is used to obtain accurate forecasts of the hourly Egyptian gas consumption series. This model captures both daily and weekly seasonal patterns apparent in the series as well as the volatility of the series.,Using the mean absolute percentage error to check the forecasting accuracy of the model, it is proved that the produced outcomes are accurate. Therefore, the proposed model could be recommended for forecasting the Egyptian natural gas consumption.,The contribution of this research lies in the ingenuity of using time series models that accommodate both daily and weekly seasonal patterns, which have not been taken into consideration before, in addition to the series volatility to forecast hourly consumption of natural gas in Egypt.


Over the past decade, Russia's attempted transition to a market economy has attracted a great deal of scholarly interest. Given the complexities at hand and the rather disappointing outcome, it is natural that debates have been acrimonious at times. Some have argued that we are witnesses to a great success; others, that we are seeing a monumental failure. A book that promises to deal with "building market institutions in Russia" might harbor yet another contribution to such debates, but that is not case. Timothy Frye is careful to note (on p. 12) that his book "does not attempt a holistic analysis of the process of economic and political reform in Russia."


The Pd/C/Ph 3 P- and Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 /Ph 3 P-catalyzedcross-couplings of dibromoarenes with arylboronic acids to formbromobiaryls in good to excellent yields are described. Our studyshowed that readily available Pd/C/Ph 3 Pand Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 /Ph 3 P werepractically useful catalysts for the synthesis of bromobiaryls fromdibromo-arenes.


In this manuscript, the author presents results from a 2-D atmospheric transport model for three semivolatile organic chemicals (SVOCs), alphaand gamma-HCH and HCB. The model covers the northern hemisphere and the troposphere up to an altitude of 12 km and is used to analyze the movement of the SVOCs from the tropics to the Arctic. The manuscript suffers from several shortcomings. First, it is not clear what the overall goal of the work is. In the introduction, the author talks about concepts such as "cold condensation" and "global distillation" but uses these terms in a confusing way, with incorrect interpretation of earlier authors and without coming to a clear research


An on-die multi-core circuit-switched network for tera-scale computing, achieving 2.9 Tb/s throughput for random data transmissions on a 64 core 2D mesh and consuming 8 W in 45 nm CMOS at 1.0V, 50degC is described. Use of pipelined circuit-switched transmission, coupled with circuit path queue circuits and packet-switched request circuits enable power consumption of 125 mW/router and efficiency of 363 Gb/s/W, with scalable traffic-dependent throughput up to 6.2 Tb/s.


Laboratory for Molecular Glycobiology, Frontier Research Program, TheInstitute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Wako, Saitama,351 01, Japan and 'Cytel Corporation and the Department of Chemistry andMolecular Biology, Scnpps Research Institute, 3525 John Hopkins Court,San Diego, CA 92121, US A


The role of the state continually causes disputes. While the liberalism scholars and the sociological scholars advocated the limitation of the state,some scholars actually held to strengthen the essence of the state.The bitter experiences of many developing countries which are in the process of modernization profoundly expound the importance of the construction of state system.This article carries on the discussion on the construction of state system,tries to sort out some related theoretical results and aims at ascertaining the basic tasks of modern countries' construction in theory.


Due to the NP-hard nature, the permutation flowshop scheduling problem (PFSSP) is a fundamental issue for Industry 4.0, especially under higher productivity, efficiency, and self-managing systems. This paper proposes an improved genetic-shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (IGSFLA) to solve the permutation flowshop scheduling problem. In the proposed IGSFLA, the optimal initial frog (individual) in the initialized group is generated according to the heuristic optimal-insert method with fitness constrain. The crossover mechanism is applied to both the subgroup and the global group to avoid the local optimal solutions and accelerate the evolution. To evolve the frogs with the same optimal fitness more outstanding, the disturbance mechanism is applied to obtain the optimal frog of the whole group at the initialization step and the optimal frog of the subgroup at the searching step. The mathematical model of PFSSP is established with the minimum production cycle (makespan) as the objective function, the fitness of frog is given, and the IGSFLA-based PFSSP is proposed. Experimental results have been given and analyzed, showing that IGSFLA not only provides the optimal scheduling performance but also converges effectively.


The 2D structures of a variety of n-alkyl-substituted perylene diimides adsorbed onto HOPG and MoS2 surfaces from phenyloctane solutions were studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Both rectangular, or herringbone-like, structures and row structures were observed. Surprisingly, the lattice constants, and thus the area per molecule of the rectangular structures, did not increase as expected when the alkyl chain length was increased. Protrusion of the alkyl tails into the solvent above the 2D layer is proposed to account for this behavior. Row structures, where the alkyl tails lie flat on the substrate surface, were also observed wherein the area per molecule increases as expected for the increase in the length of the alkyl tail. The formation of domains with a particular orientation with respect to the underlying lattice was observed for many of the 2D structures. The alignment of the molecular layers with the substrate could be explained with a point-on-line coincidence model. Formation and fi...


In the paper the authors describe the phenomenon of inconspicuous consumption, including the consumer behaviors characteristic of it and the socioeconomic processes underlying it. The authors analyzed the manifestations of inconspicuous consumption from the perspective of three conceptions of materialism: Belk's, Richins and Dawson's, and Kasser and Ryan's. They identified the elements linking inconspicuous consumption with specific aspects of materialism as well as the points of difference between these two phenomena.


From the already established memory of the long indigenous and peasant struggles in Bolivia that placed the unjust distribution and ownership of land at the center in the seventies in order to stop the neoliberal advance in the 1990s. years of that experience, in a political discussion that is taking place between feminist articulations and organizations supported and erected by women in the territories for the defense of the commons in Bolivia. Past experiences are looked at again from a place that is repeated and another that changes. What is repeated is the problem of the translation of the struggles and how the organizational mandates – for the convenience of state-centric policies – are turned into pyramids of rights. But the changes traced for social transformation by women's organizations show renewed components change, through new strands of resistance and politicity in the defense of the commons and against extractivism.


An increasing use of short stem femoral components (SSA), in favour of conventional or "shaft" stems in THA has been reported. SSA components have been reported as bone conserving. Shaft stems are a proven and accepted form of treatment. FEA studies predict more physiological loading of bone with SSA. Cadaver femur studies demonstrate adequate stability for bone ingrowth, more physiological loading of the femur and reduced stress shielding with SSA. Clinical studies report improved outcomes with SSA compared to shaft stems (reduced bone loss, reduced pain, reduced intra-operative complication rate, improved early rehabilitation times and reduced overall cost). A mechanical analysis, to examine the reported improved outcomes with short stems and a rationale for the use of short stems rather than shaft stems is considered.


The creep rupture properties of a non γ' phase nickel-based heat-resistant alloy C-HRA-2 were firstly investigated. Compared with the alloy containing γ' phase (617B), the 100,000 h creep rupture strength of alloy C-HRA-2 at 650 °C drops by approximately 30 % (still exceeds approximately 70 % of the application requirements), meanwhile the creep rupture plasticity improves by over two times. In the absence of γ' phase, the M23C6 carbides were dispersed in a different form of nano-size rods inside the grains. The great improvement in creep rupture plasticity was attributable to the easily grain rotation and deformation.


Procedure for determining substances, comprising the steps of: - preparing a surface comprising at least one R1 reactant bound to the surface, - contacting the surface with a solution comprising at least the substance to be determined, a compound it contains at least one fluorophore and at least one dye, wherein a complex is formed in the reactant R1 on the surface and wherein said complex with the reactant R 1 comprises at least the substance to be determined and the compound containing at least one fluorophore, and - stimulate the fluorophore attached to the surface by the evanescence field of a light source and measuring the fluorescence produced, characterized in that the dye absorbs in the absorption range and emission of the fluorophore.


The main economical land use in the Amazon since the 1970s has been as cattle pastures, which are largely the result of widespread deforestation. Estimates indicate that approximately 120,000 km2 of pastures show some degree of degradation, which will require the opening up of new areas of forest. The authors' conclusions are as follows: (1) The quality of organic matter in the forage grasses modifies N cycling in relation to that originally present in forest soils. (2) In cases where N availability in the soil is not limited to the soil microbiological processes, other soil parameters, such as humidity, start to control N2O fluxes to the atmosphere. (3) Tillage and fertilization induce higher nitrate availability in the short term, but this could be synchronized with plant uptake, which would lead to fewer losses from leaching, plus soil denitrification rates would also decrease and would not support N loss in gaseous form. Any degraded pasture recovery strategy that affects available soil N content will also indirectly influence atmospheric N2O flux. When N availability is not a limitation to soil biological processes, water content changes and other soil properties become important N2O flux controllers. (4) If these conditions are acknowledged, there can be a higher level of sustainability and more effective development of the system and productivity can be achieved.


[The democratic ideal] "bases its faith upon the heart in preference to the intellect, though knowing well the power of the latter when controlled. It knows that the intellect, alone, runs amuck, and performs unspeakable cruelties; that the heart alone is divine. For it is the heart that welcomes Life and would cherish it, would shield it against the cannibalism of the intellect." Louis Sullivan Autobiography of an Idea, p. 324.


ABSTRACT An experimental investigation is presented of a novel vitiated coflow spray flame burner. The vitiated coflow emulates the recirculation region of most combustors, such as gas turbines or furnaces; additionally, since the vitiated gases are coflowing, the burner allows exploration of the chemistry of recirculation without the corresponding fluid mechanics of recirculation. As such, this burner allows for chemical kinetic model development without obscurations caused by fluid mechanics. The burner consists of a central fuel jet (droplet or gaseous) surrounded by the oxygen rich combustion products of a lean premixed flame that is stabilized on a perforated, brass plate. The design presented allows for the reacting coflow to span a large range of temperatures and oxygen concentrations. Several experiments measuring the relationships between mixture stoichiometry and flame temperature are used to map out the operating ranges of the coflow burner. These include temperatures as low 300C to stoichiometric and oxygen concentrations from 18% to zero. This is achieved by stabilizing hydrogen-air premixed flames on a perforated plate. Furthermore, all of the CO


An enzyme able to reduce cytochrome c via ferredoxin in the presence of NADPH, was isolated, purified from radish (Raphanus sativus var acanthiformis cultivar miyashige) roots and characterized. The enzyme was purified by DEAE-cellulose, Blue-Cellulofine, Ferredoxin-Sepharose 45, and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Molecular mass of the enzyme was estimated to be 33,000 and 35,000 daltons by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and SDS-PAGE, respectively. Its absorption spectrum suggested that the enzyme contains flavin as a prosthetic group. The Km values for NADPH and ferredoxin were calculated to be 9.2 and 1.2 micromolar, respectively. The enzyme required NADPH and did not use NADH as an electron donor. The optimal pH was 8.4. The enzyme also catalyzed the photoreduction of NADP+ in the spinach leaf thylakoid membranes depleted of ferredoxin and ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase. The effect of NaCI and MgCI2 concentration on the activity and amino acid composition of the enzyme were demonstrated. The results suggest that the enzyme is similar to ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase from chloroplasts and cyanobacteria and is the key enzyme catalyzing the electron transport between NADPH, generated by the pentose phosphate pathway, and ferredoxin in plastids of plant heterotrophic tissues. PG dehydrogenase (5, 7, 18, 39). Emes and Fowler (6) indicated that all enzymes involved in the pentose-phosphate pathway are in plastids from pea roots. The close relationship between nitrite reduction and the pentose-phosphate pathway in pea root plastids was confirmed (3). Oji et al. (25) reported that an electron carrier and a diaphorase, which has FNR activity, are involved in electron transport from NADPH (generated by Glc-6-P dehydrogenase and 6-PG dehydrogenase) to nitrite in plastids from barley roots. A ferredoxin-like electron carrier in dark-grown cultured tobacco cells was investigated by Ninomiya and Sato (23) and Suzuki et al. (31) isolated a nonheme iron protein electron carrier and a pyridine nucleotide reductase from maize roots. They also indicated that the ferredoxin-like electron carrier was able to be reduced with either NADPH or NADH via the root pyridine nucleotide reductase and to donate the electrons to Fd-GOGAT. Recently, Wada et al. (34, 35) showed that unique ferredoxins are present in radish roots and that they are distinct from the chloroplast ones on the basis of amino acid sequence. In the present paper, we describe purification and characterization of an enzyme having FNR activity in plant heterotrophic tissues. In photosynthetic tissues the enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism, Fd-GOGAT2, and Fd-NiR are located in chloroplasts. The reduced ferredoxin required by these enzymes is generated by PSI. In heterotrophic tissues, on the other hand, ferredoxindependent enzymes of nitrogen assimilation have also been demonstrated by using an in vitro system supplemented with leaf ferredoxin (1 1, 19, 26). Several investigations have shown that Fd-NiR in roots is located in plastids (4, 24). Using methyl viologen as an electron donor, Washitani and Sato (37, 38) found that Fd-NiR and Fd-GOGAT are present in proplastids from tobacco cultured cells. There are a number ofreports indicating that nitrite reduction in both root plastids and cultured tobacco cell proplastids depends on the oxidation of Glc-6-P and/or 6-PG by Glc-6-P dehydrogenase and/or 6Supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on a Priority Area (No. 01618001, 63618001, 62618001) from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan. 2 Abbreviations: Fd-GOGAT, ferredoxin-dependent glutamate synthase; Fd-NiR, ferredoxin-dependent nitrite reductase; Glc-6-P, glucose-6-phoshate; 6-PG, 6-phosphogluconate; FNR, ferredoxinNADP+ oxidoreductase; DCPIP, 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol; FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide; FMN, flavin mononucleotide. MATERIALS AND METHODS Radish (Raphanus sativus var acanthiformis cultivar miyashige) and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) were purchased from a local market. Ferredoxin from Spirulina sp. was prepared as described by Wada et al. (32, 33). Bovine heart Cyt c was prepared as described by Hagihara et al. (10). NADPH and NADH were purchased from Oriental Yeast Co. Ltd. (Osaka) and Sigma Chemical Co., respectively. DEAE-cellulose was obtained from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto), BlueCellulofine from Seikagaku-Kogyo Co. Ltd. (Tokyo), and Sephadex G100 (superfine) from Pharmacia Fine Chemicals. The molecular weight markers were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. Preparation of FNR-Like Enzyme from Radish Roots All preparation steps were carried out at 4°C or on ice and all centrifugations were performed with a Hitachi HIMAC SCR 20B. About 8 kg of lower white roots were sliced into about 1 mm thickness with a slicer. The sliced roots were homogenized in 1 kg lots with 1 L of buffer A (5 mM Tris, 1 mM EDTA, 0.5 mm PMSF, and 0.03% [w/v] Triton X-100, the pH of the solution was not adjusted) with a Waring


It is shown that the specific resistivity of ρ 2D-channel of the drain-dropped HEMT-transistor based on GaN heterostructure in local approximation depends on its linear dimensions l and d and if they are getting smaller it may become even bigger, that specifies the fractal nature of this effect. In course of the experiment there was defined that the limit value of local approximation L=60 um specifies that linear sizes of the active elements of modern HEMT-transistors come into the sphere of local approximation and should subject to fractal geometry laws. To these laws we refer the dependence of electrophysical parameters of the facilities being measured on their sizes and slower dependence on the characterization sizes usually associated with linear dependence.


Pharyngeal distensibility and collapsibility reflect the passive properties of tissue in the airway, are an indicator of the ease with which an airway can be deformed and are related to the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). During normal tidal respiration, the collapsibility of the pharynx during expiration is passive without confounding by neuromuscular activation that occurs during inspiration. We evaluated the distensibility and collapsibility of the upper airway in subjects with OSA during wakefulness using sophisticated dynamic computed tomography (CT) imaging. We hypothesized that the dynamic changes of the upper airway during expiration would be related to the severity of OSA.


the IEG to ensure that the next evaluation "should be based on the strongest possible analysis". In the board discussion of the evaluation, a request was made for an update on the Bank's rural development sector strategy, last revised in 2002. Interest in the October release of the World Development Report (WDR) on agriculture was high. Donors, researchers and civil society groups anticipate that the document will play a central role in determining the direction of the Bank's 'return' to agriculture. All parties agree that agriculture plays a key role in reducing poverty. The Bank estimates that "GDP growth originating in agriculture is at least twice as effective in reducing poverty as GDP growth originating outside agriculture". From this common starting point however, civil society briefings on the report reveal starkly different understandings of what role agriculture should play in development. The WDR authors take an instrumental approach, focusing on how agribusiness can best be developed to increase incomes. Their framework divides the world in three – agriculturebased, transforming and urbanised – emphasising the declining role of agriculture in GDP and employment as countries get richer. In contrast, NGOs have stressed food security and food policy. In a paper for German NGO Misereor, Murphy and Santarius use a framework of three rural worlds – industrialised, family-owned and subsistence – emphasising the way the worlds interact with one another. A key divide is over the roles to be played by the state and the market. WDR authors concede that market failures are "pervasive" in agriculture-based countries. They encourage market regulation to ensure competition and allow for situations where state intervention in providing inputs or guaranteeing markets is warranted. In research for NGO Norwegian Church Aid, Mark Curtis captures the dilemma that many African countries find themselves in: "they have the worst of two worlds – government intervention is not good enough to really benefit the poor, but it is sufficient to crowd out badly needed growth in private sector development". ActionAid asserts that the Bank's admission of market failures does not recognise the severe constraints placed on the state's abilities to tackle market power due to the "globally dominant position of major agribusiness conglomerates". Market concentration has distorted relationships between farmers and buyers. It has also resulted in a "pronounced gender bias against women", assigning women to unskilled, labour-intensive tasks. This is indicative, says NGO Oxfam, of the WDR's "lack of a comprehensive gender perspective". A second key divide is over the role of science and technology. WDR authors appeal for sharply increased investments in research and development and public-private partnerships. Answers to increased productivity lie in both ecological processes minimising the use of external inputs, and in "revolutionary advances in biotechnology", including increased support for genetically58 8


The improvements in radiation therapy are surveyed. The author reports on improvements in dose distribution. These improvements were achieved by using energy-rich types of radiation, by the application of modern investigation and localization methods such as ultrasonic diagnostics, and by using computers to calculate the dose distribution. Furthermore, the use of new radisobiological knowledge, such as cell kinetics, sensitizing of the tumorous tissue by oxygen, and administration of chemical substances, is reponted. (GE)


The objectives were to describe the ultrastructure of equine oocytes aspirated from small and preovulatory follicles, and to relate the ultrastructural features to follicle size and follicular fluid steroid concentrations.


This newsletter has been published as part of an IDRC supported project managed by the RAPID group at the Overseas Development Institute.


Knowledge acquisition for an understanding of discrete event simulation systems is a diicult task. Machine Learning has been investigated to help in the knowledge acquisition process. Our approach involves consultation with a domain expert, and the use of discrete event simulation models and machine learning as tools for the intelligent analysis of simulated systems. Current methods for the analysis and interpretation of such systems are restricted to statistical techniques that say much about the reliability of an output, but little about the output inter connectivity. The objective of our work is to improve the ability to interpret the model to the level of explanation that might loosely be described as \How the simulated system works". The new interpretation techniques are based on knowledge acquisition concerning the system using machine learning tools. \How the simulated system works" is important for a decision maker's understanding of the system in terms of relationships between the various parameters, the utilisation of resources and the location of (potential) bottlenecks. This sort of understanding is important when managing queuing problems in production systems , or when planning a new system. The outputs from three discrete event simulators were processed as machine learning problems. In these experiments, the simulation outputs were interpreted by two attribute-based learning programs, namely Retis and Assistant, and by an Inductive Logic Programming system, namely Markus. The knowledge gained from the machine learning tools was evaluated by the domain expert , who considered that this knowledge contributed to an understanding of the system, and how it might prootably be modiied.


AbstractThe atmospheric boundary layer (BL) in tropical cyclones (TCs) connects deep convection within rainbands and the eyewall to the air–sea interface. Although the importance of the BL in TCs has been widely recognized in recent studies, how physical processes affect TC structure and intensity are still not well understood. This study focuses on a particular physical mechanism through which a TC-induced upper-ocean cooling within the core circulation of the TC can affect the BL and TC structure. A coupled atmosphere–ocean model forecast of Typhoon Choi-Wan (2009) is used to better understand the physical processes of air–sea interaction in TCs. A persistent stable boundary layer (SBL) is found to form over the cold wake within the TC's right-rear quadrant, which influences TC structure by suppressing convection in rainbands downstream of the cold wake and enhancing the BL inflow into the inner core by increasing inflow angles over strong SST and pressure gradients. Tracer and trajectory analyses show ...


Abstract: : This study was carried out between September 2007 and April 2008 in the Aegean Sea with an experimental longline. Traditional baits such as Sardina pilchardus and Solen vagina were used with Sepietta sp. which is a discarded species from Aegean Sea demersal trawl fishery. 438 individuals belonging to 6 families were obtained and they totally weighed 43.1 kg. It was determined that almost half of the specimens were captured by Sepietta sp. Furthermore individuals caught by this alternative bait composed 45% of the total catch in terms of weight. Results showed that Sepietta sp. was the most efficient bait among all baits used in the study. The use of this species as a bait in longline fishery has also another importance from the perspective of evaluating a trawl discarded species. Keywords: Longline, bait, Sepietta sp., small scale fishery


New Muslim education came into being during the end of Qing dynasty and the beginning of the Republic of China,last as long as first half of twentieth century.It is different from the Muslim education before Qing dynasty and the one after the Liberation for its own distinct characters: taking science and literacy knowledge as main content,having absorbed advanced education idea and teaching theory and method,arranging a few religious classes in curriculum.New Muslim education is a education form transiting from religious education to ordinary popular education.


It provides a method of operating a personal ad-hoc network between a plurality of Bluetooth devices (PAN) is. Comprising the steps of: (a) performing in a Bluetooth device inquiry to check other Bluetooth device is in the available Bluetooth devices within communication range, and in response to the query appears determined; (b) as the primary devices in the PAN, and if in step (a) is no query response, and then after repeated queries page scanning, when a connection establishment request, to save the PAN from the device and the other device to the information from the information; (c) if the step (b) is resulting query response from the master network connection is established and changed, and receives information from the PAN master device from the network device role.


Linking with the Animal Welfare Foundation's current focus on 'breeding for better welfare', a session at the forthcoming AWF Discussion Forum will ask whether some breeds are too extreme. Eve Ritchie explains more.


WO WO 2004/113542 A1 12/2004 Dougherty W.G. et al. Transgenes and gene Suppression: telling us something new? Curr Opin Cell Biol. Jun. 1995;7(3):399-405. Review. Eliott, et al., "Aintegumenta, an APETALA2-like gene of Arabidopsis with pleiotropic roles in ovule development and floral organ growth." The Plant Cell, Feb. 1996, vol. 8, pp. 155-168. Klucher, K.; Database PIR, Accession No. S71365, Gene Sequence, Oct. 28, 1996. Klucher, K., "The Aintegumenta gene of Arabidopsis required for ovule and female gametophyte development is related to the floral homeotic gene APETALA2." The Plant Cell, Feb. 1996, vol. 8, pp. 137-153 Krizek, Beth A.; "Ectopic Expression of Aintegumenta in Arabidopsis Plants Results in Increased Growth of Floral Organs'; Developmental Genetics 1999, vol. 25, pp. 224-236. Krizek, Beth A.; "Aintegumenta utilizes a mode of DNA recognition distinct from that used by proteins containing a single AP2 domain." Nucleic Acids Res., Apr. 1, 2003, vol. 31, No. 7, pp. 1859-1868. Mizukami, Yukiko et al., "Plant organ size control: Aintegumenta regulates growth and cell numbers during organogenesis"; PNAS 2000, vol. 97 No. 2 pp. 942-947. Nole-Wilson, S. and Krizek, Beth A., "DNA binding properties of the Arabidopsis floral development protein Aintegumenta, Nucleic Acids Res., Nov. 1, 2000, vol. 28, No. 21, pp. 4076-4082. SPTREMBL Accession No. Q42462, Nov. 1, 1996, "ovule develop ment protein Aintegumenta from Arabidopsis thaliana."


The operation principle of the half-wave secondary-side resonant ZCS quasi-resonant converter is analyzed in this paper,and a prototype supply based on chip MC33066 is made. The experiment is to prove quasi-resonant supply has the advantages of high frequency, high efficiency and low ripple voltage.


There is growing evidence that many chemicals released in the environment are able to disturb the normal endocrinology of organisms affecting the structure and function of their reproductive system. This has prompted the scientific community to develop appropriate testing methods to identify active compounds and elucidate mechanisms of action. Of particular interest are in vitro screening methods that can document the effects of these endocrine disrupting compounds on fish. In this study, an in vitro bioassay was developed in the roach (Rutilus rutilus) for evaluating the estrogenicity or antiestrogenicity potency of environmental pollutants by measuring vitellogenin (VTG) induction in cultured liver explants. The cell viability was assessed by the measurement of nonspecific esterase activity using a fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis assay. Results showed that explants could be cultured for 72 h without any significant loss of activity. Dose‐dependent responses have been measured with estrogenic model compounds such as 17‐β‐estradiol (E2) and 17‐α‐ethynylestradiol (EE2) or antiestrogenic compounds such as tamoxifen. Lowest observable effective concentrations were 1 nM for E2, 1 nM for EE2, and 100 nM for tamoxifen, showing a good sensitivity of the test system. Estrogenicity of butyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate, 4‐nonylphenol, and bisphenol A was tested. bisphenol A (100 μM) or butylparaben induced a twofold increase in VTG production when compared with 100 nM E2, whereas this production was only 20% with 100 μM 4‐nonylphenol. Overall, this study shows that the bioassay could provide valuable information on endocrine disrupting chemicals including metabolites and mixtures of compounds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2010.


CITATION
Kirsch DB. Disruption in health care (and sleepmedicine): "it's the end of the world as we know it…and I feel fine.". J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(9):1185-1188.


The response evaluation of assembled systems formed by the combination of different sub-components may often prove to be computationally expensive. The problem can escalate in the presence of uncertainties as multiple simulations of the deterministic finite element (FE) code are employed. The present work aims to address this issue efficiently by reducing the physical (deterministic computations) and functional (stochastic computations) domain in evaluating the response of the assembled systems. In doing so, concepts of domain decomposition and the Schur complement are utilized in the context of dynamic sub-structuring by component mode synthesis. This allows division of the overall domain into smaller sub-domains and model reduction of the internal DOFs of the individual sub-components resulting in computational savings. The theoretical formulation of the proposed method is presented followed by a simple numerical example to illustrate its performance. The results reveal good performance of the method and hence the approach is a candidate to solve large-scale practical engineering application problems.


Concrete is the third biggest material devoured by individuals after sustenance and water according to WHO. Concrete assumes a fundamental part in the outline and development of the country's foundation. Practically fourty percent of the volume of concrete consists of fine aggregates. These are acquired from common rocks furthermore river beds, accordingly debasing them gradually. Hence the idea of substitution of fine aggregate with steel slag appears to be encouraging. In this study the experimental investigation is done on the study of the Fibre reinforced concrete using steel slag as the replacement for fine aggregate. M30 grade of concrete was used. Possible optimum replacement of slag material was found to be 50%.To this optimum replacement of slag material steel fibres are dispersed at different volume fractions. The dimensions of the steel fibres are of length 30mm and diameter 0.5mm and are of crimped type. The results showed that the steel slag can be partially replaced as the fine aggregate up to 50%.Tests of compressive strength, flexural resistance, split tensile strength and the Young's modulus tests are carried out on the specimens in which the steel fibres are dispersed in volume fractions of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%.


The presence of portlandite (Ca(OH)2) in steel slag leads to potential hydration capacity, and this can be exploited to improve the engineering properties of high-water-content dredged clays. The s...


This paper provides a theoretical and empirical assessment of how electoral institutions favor the provision of private, relative to public, goods. Various arguments have been made about how electoral systems incentivize political parties to redistribute from the general public to specific groups or vice versa. Departing from a static notion of the effects of electoral systems, I argue that the extent to which incumbents follow these incentives varies with the electoral vulnerability of governments. Electoral vulnerability is the probability of incumbents losing office depending on different political-institutional factors that vary over time. Distinguishing between the static incentives provided by electoral institutions and the dynamics of their importance in preference formation over policy alternatives, presents a new means to discriminate between opposing hypotheses about the effects different electoral systems have on redistributive policies. The argument is empirically assessed using data on agricultural support in 14 OECD countries between 1980 and 2005.


In recent years, the field of monochromated STEM-based electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) has undergone significant technological advances, bringing a sub-10 meV spectral resolution that has opened up new research possibilities, such as the mapping of phonon modes, and isotope discrimination [1–3]. In comparison, here we present the experimental avenues enabled by other instrumental developments, as offered by the monochromated high brightness X-FEG source of a double aberration-corrected FEI Titan Themis 60-300. This source enables STEM-EELS analyses with a sub-nm electron probe that combines an energy resolution of ~90–110 meV with high beam currents of 200–250 pA. By allying this probe with data acquisition using a Gatan GIF Quantum ERS spectrometer, we achieve a rapid, high spatial statistics mapping of optical mode excitations in the 0.4–3 eV energy loss range (e.g. 800 x 800 px in < 10 minutes). Equally, using a relatively high beam energy of 300 keV reduces the proportion of optical loss signal that is convolved with bulk plasmon scattering, thereby improving the signal to noise ratio when measuring the projected loss intensity across the body of nanophotonic structures.


All chiral crystals are symmetry-allowed for second-harmonic generation, providing a sensitive and selective detection approach for characterizing protein crystals and crystals of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Methods and applications are described.


In Order to find a way to manufacture probes that could meet the demand of high throughput hybrid screening,restriction enzymes of BseDⅠdigested the 374N21 clone of BAC MHC was analysed by using the Gene Quest software.The production of the digestion labeled with 32P,Autoradiography detection after being purified by Omega EZNA DNA Probe Purification Kit.The results showed that digestion results were consistent with the software analysis.Purified probes distribution in 0.5~2.0 kb.The efficiency of the purification recovery was 60%.The higher quality of probes can satisfy the needs of hybrid screening.


Curcuma caesia (Kalo haledo) is the plant reported for its variety of ethnic medicinal value. To screen antimotility, CNS depressant, muscle relaxant and antimuscarinic activities of methanolic root and rhizome extracts of this plant. Antimotility, muscle relaxant along with CNS depressant and antimuscarinic activities were evaluated by charcoal meal test, spontaneous locomotory test and isolated tissue test respectively in animal model (mice and rat). Preliminary phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, deoxysugars as well as C-glycosides. Methanolic extract at 200 mg/kg (C.caesia) i.p doses significantly (P <0.05 versus control) reduced the motility of GIT which was found comparable to that of atropine at dose of 5 mg/kg i.p. Methanol extract inhibited locomotor activity of mice in a dose dependent manner indicating its CNS depressant property. Furthermore the extract significantly (P < 0.05 versus control) inhibited the acetylcholine induced contraction of ileum of rat in dose dependent manner indicating a possibility of muscarinic receptor blocking action of the extract.


Neonatal Diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare genetic disease (1 in 90,000 live births). It is

defined by the presence of severe hyperglycaemia associated with insufficient or no

circulating insulin, occurring mainly before 6 months of age and rarely between 6 months

and 1 year. Such hyperglycaemia requires either transient treatment with insulin in about

half of cases, or permanent insulin treatment. In transient NDM, growth-retarded infants

develop diabetes in the first few weeks of life, only to go into remission after a few months

with possible relapse to permanent diabetes usually around adolescence or in adulthood. In

permanent NDM, insulin secretory failure occurs in the late fetal or early postnatal period.

We present a case of 9 months old boy with neonatal diabetes mellitus since 2 months 15

days old. He had history of fever, polyuria, polydypsia, tachypnoe and diabetic ketoacidosis.

He came with hyperglycemia, positive urine ketone and acidosis. C-peptide result was low

(0,1 mg/dl). Patient was hospitalized for acute conditions according to DKA management

and continued with insulin subcutaneous. Neonatal diabetes mellitus was a rare condition.

The cardinal symptoms of NDM include hyperglycemia at birth, IUGR, failure to thrive,

dehydration, and, rarely, ketoacidosis. Treatment with insulin should be started immediately

after diabetes is diagnosed by persistent hyperglycemia or elevated glycated hemoglobin

(HbA1c). The prognosis is related to the severity of the disease, the degree of dehydration

and acidosis, as well the rapidity with which the disease is recognized and treated. Prognosis

also depends on metabolic control.

Keyword: neonatal, hyperglycemia, diabetes mellitus.


Emotions have a political dimension in that judgments regarding when and how emotion should be felt and shown are interpreted in the interests of regulating the organization and functioning of social groups. This article argues that claims to authenticity and legitimacy of one's self-identity or group identity are at stake in the everyday politics of emotion. A brief discussion of the study of sex differences in the 19th century illustrates how emotion politics can saturate even scientific inquiry. Three ways in which there is a political dimension to socially appropriate emotion in contemporary life are then discussed: (a) Is the emotion the "wrong" emotion for the situation? (b) How are competing standards for emotional experience and expression managed? and (c) What constitutes the boundary between "too much" and "too little" emotion? The author concludes by considering the relevance of emotion politics to research on emotion.


Provided are an imaging unit and imaging system which are capable of easily determining abnormal areas inside the imaging unit. The imaging unit is provided with: an imaging component having an imaging element for receiving light from an imaging subject, and subjecting the light to photoelectric conversion; a bifurcation unit for bifurcating a signal, which contains image information inputted from the imaging component, into two; a first converter for performing a conversion process for converting one bifurcated signal into an optical signal; a second converter for performing a conversion process for converting the other bifurcated signal into an electrical signal; a first output unit for outputting the optical signal converted by the first converter to the exterior; a second output unit for outputting the electrical signal converted by the second converter to the exterior; a detection unit for detecting a unit connected to the imaging unit; and a control component for controlling so as to output the optical signal to the first output unit when the detected unit is a control unit, and outputting the electrical signal to the second output unit when the detected unit is an inspection unit.


A nonlinear time-domain analysis of the orotron is presented. The e.m. field in the cavity is expanded into the Hermite-Gaussian modes with time-dependent amplitudes, for which a set of ordinary differential equations is obtained from Maxwell's equations. The equations for the amplitudes are coupled to the equations of motion for the electrons. The calculations yield transient and steady state behaviour, saturated efficiency and output power of the device.


The expansion of offshore renewable energy infrastructure and the need for trans-continental shelf power transmission require the use of submarine High Voltage (HV) cables. These cables have maximum operating surface temperatures of up to 70°C and are typically buried 1–2 m beneath the seabed, within the wide range of substrates found on the continental shelf. However, the heat flow pattern and potential effects on the sedimentary environments around such anomalously high heat sources in the near surface sediments are poorly understood. We present temperature measurements from a 2D laboratory experiment representing a buried submarine HV cable, and identify the thermal regimes generated within typical unconsolidated shelf sediments—coarse silt, fine sand and very coarse sand. We used a large (2 × 2.5 m) tank filled with water-saturated spherical glass beads (ballotini) and instrumented with a buried heat source and 120 thermocouples, to measure the time-dependent 2D temperature distributions. The observed and corresponding Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations of the steady state heat flow regimes, and normalised radial temperature distributions were assessed. Our results show that the heat transfer and thus temperature fields generated from submarine HV cables buried within a range of sediments are highly variable. Coarse silts are shown to be purely conductive, producing temperature increases of >10°C up to 40 cm from the source of 60°C above ambient; fine sands demonstrate a transition from conductive to convective heat transfer between c. 20°C and 36°C above ambient, with >10°C heat increases occurring over a metre from the source of 55°C above ambient; and very coarse sands exhibit dominantly convective heat transfer even at very low (c. 7°C) operating temperatures and reaching temperatures of up to 18°C above ambient at a metre from the source at surface temperatures of only 18°C. These findings are important for the surrounding near surface environments experiencing such high temperatures and may have significant implications for chemical and physical processes operating at the grain and sub-grain scale; biological activity at both micro-faunal and macro-faunal levels; and indeed the operational performance of the cables themselves, as convective heat transport would increase cable current ratings, something neglected in existing standards.


We propose an efficient method for content-based ultrasound image retrieval using magnitude frequency spectrum and implement an ultrasound image retrieval system based on the proposed method. The target images are ultrasound images of adult organs. A trained staff often acquires such images so that images of the same kind of organs are very similar, although their locations may not exactly coincide. Therefore, the magnitude frequency spectrum, which has a translation-invariant property, is used as a feature for content-based retrieval. A test image database is composed of real ultrasound images. As a retrieval result, a specified number of highly similar target images are retrieved from all the target images. If all the target images in the database are pre-classified into organs of the same kind, the retrieved images are selected among the images whose class is the same as that of the highest similarity image. Experimental results of the proposed method is superior to other methods. The proposed method especially yields further performance improvement by using the pre-classification. Moreover, it is found from the experimental results that the magnitude frequency spectrum method is robust to the speckle noise that usually exists in ultrasound images.


The study to be carried out is non-verbal behavior and everything that is transmitted through body language, many of which are in conflict or are difficult to measure. A multi-criteria methodology was used to select the appropriate tool that integrates the recognition associated with children's emotions, since it is important to be aware of the state of emotion that a subject shows in the environment where they are and everything that surrounds them. The Fuzzy Decision Maps and TOPSIS techniques have been validated with the data of a real case for the selection of an adequate recognition based on the three tools used, Face++, Microsoft AzureEmotion API and Google Vision API.


To compare the identity of the primary structure of drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 between miniature pigs and humans, two cDNA clones, coding for miniature pig CYP2D21 and CYP3A22, were isolated. The deduced amino acid sequences of CYP2D21 and CYP3A22 were 78.3 and 75.0% identical to human CYP2D6 and CYP3A4, respectively. These values were nearly the same as those of bovine, dog, and some rodent isoforms, and 12.2 to 18.4% lower than those of nonhuman primates such as cynomolgus monkeys, Japanese monkey, and marmosets. These data indicate that miniature pig P450s are genetically not so close as monkey P450s to human P450s as previously expected. The recombinant CYP2D21 enzyme, however, showed bufuralol 1 -hydroxylase activity, suggesting that miniature pig CYP2D21 is capable of metabolizing some of the same substrates associated with human CYP2D6 despite its low identity to human counterparts. The miniature pig is small in size ( 50 kg body weight in adult animals) and has been developed through selective breeding so as to override the shortcomings arising from the large body size of domestic pigs (Khan, 1984). The miniature pig is becoming a popular alternative to traditional nonrodent species in pharmacological and toxicological studies. Porcine hepatocytes continue to find increasing application in bioartificial liver devices (Watanabe et al., 1997). These uses are, in part, based on findings that many anatomical, physiological, and biochemical properties of domestic and miniature pigs are close to those of humans (Swindle and Smith, 1998). However, it has been well recognized that qualitative and quantitative species differences in drug-metabolizing systems are present among animal species including man (Caldwell, 1981). Thus, information on the primary structure of drug-metabolizing enzymes of experimental animal species and information on the identity of those enzymes between human and experimental animal species is important to explain species differences in drug-metabolizing systems and to predict drug metabolism in the human body. Genetic distance of some porcine genes to human orthologs has been clarified. Regarding porcine CYP genes, some forms of P450 concerned with endogenous metabolism such as CYP5A (accession no. L131128), CYP11B1 (D38590), CYP19 (U37311), CYP21 (M83939), and CYP51 (AB042975) have been isolated from domestic pigs. These forms shared amino acid sequence identities ranging from 73 to 95% to human orthologous genes. cDNA cloning of the entire coding sequence of two drug-metabolizing P450s, namely CYP2D25 and CYP3A29, from domestic pigs has been reported (Postlind et al., 1997; Nissen et al., 1998). Additionally, the partial sequences of cDNAs for five drug-metabolizing CYP2Cs (2C32, 2C33, 2C34, 2C35 and 2C42) from domestic pigs have been reported (Zaphiropoulos et al., 1995; Nissen et al., 1998). However, study of cDNA cloning from miniature pig has not yet been reported. The aims of the present study were to demonstrate in miniature pigs the primary structure of drug-metabolizing P450s, especially CYP3A and CYP2D, which are responsible for the metabolism of many prescribed drugs, and to compare these with those of human orthologs. Materials and Methods Animals. Two 24-week-old male Göttingen miniature pigs of about 15 kg in body weight were used in this study. Livers were stored at 80°C until use for the preparation of RNA and microsomes. All experiments were performed in accordance with the Principles of Laboratory Animal Care (National Institutes of Health publication 85-23, revised 1985). Construction and Screening of the Miniature Pig Liver cDNA Library. Poly(A) RNA was prepared from the liver of an untreated male miniature pig by oligo(dT)-cellulose column chromatography. A cDNA library was constructed as described previously (Sakuma et al., 1994). Approximately 5 10 plaques were screened by plaque hybridization using the cDNA fragments of human CYP2D6 and cynomolgus monkey CYP3A8 as probes. Expression of CYP2D21 in Yeast Cells and Analysis of Bufuralol Hydroxylase Activity. An expression plasmid for CYP2D21 was constructed with the pAAH5 yeast expression vector. The resulting expression plasmid, pAAMS2D, contains native coding, six bases of 5 -noncoding sequences, and 83 bases of 3 -noncoding sequences. Transformation of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae AH22, cultivation of the recombinant yeasts, preparation of microsomal fractions, and determination of P450 contents were carried out as described previously (Sakuma et al., 1994). Measurement of the bufuralol 1 -hydroxylase activity was carried out as described previously (Yokoi et al., 1996). The kinetic parameters of bufuralol 1 -hydroxylation of microsomes from the recombinant yeasts or miniature pig livers were calculated from Lineweaver-Burk plots. Results and Discussion To clarify the identity of the primary structure of P450 between miniature pigs and humans, two cDNA clones containing the entire coding sequence of CYP2D or CYP3A were isolated from a cDNA This work was supported in part by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Sciences, Culture and Sports of Japan. 1 Abbreviations used are: P450, cytochrome P450; bp, base pairs; SRS, substrate recognition site. Address correspondence to: Dr. Tsutomu Sakuma, Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 0090-9556/04/3204-376–378$20.00 DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION Vol. 32, No. 4 Copyright © 2004 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 1275/1138603 DMD 32:376–378, 2004 Printed in U.S.A. 376 at A PE T Jornals on Sptem er 0, 2017 dm d.aspurnals.org D ow nladed from


Cytochemical and surface marker techniques have rapidly become practical tools for the diagnosis and classification of leukemias and lymphomas. The clinical correlations with these markers in acute leukemias are especially rewarding. For the classification of leukemias, stains for myeloperoxidase, chloroacetate esterase and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase are recommended. E rosette formation by T cells and surface immunoglobulin study of B cells are still the essential and most reliable surface marker tests available for clinical laboratories. Cytocentrifuge preparation is an important adjunct to the surface marker studies, since it provides a morphologic correlation with the marker studies. A monoclonal surface immunoglobulin pattern and the markers for immature cells, such as terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and mouse erythrocyte rosettes, are usually associated with malignant neoplasms. A positive TdT denotes lymphoblast crisis in chronic myelocytic leukemia and is a very useful guide for the treatment of patients in blast crisis. The usefulness of other markers is also briefly discussed.


The following article contains the resilience narrative that emerged from an academic research, but with profound human implications. It is a resilient narrative that reflects the processes of coping, overcoming and struggle. Biographical narrative, specifically autoethnography, is used as a methodological technique to narrate, analyze, and reflect on the impact of these coping processes in the social and educational contexts that surround a family. This experience aims to show how the onset of a chronic illness promotes fear, uncertainty and sadness in friends and family, and how, in turn, it enhances the resilience process of a mother and daughter.


: The topic of regional development arouses interest in the political debate because it involves State competences, intergovernmental relations, disparities in the distribution of wealth and the formulation of public policies. In Brazil, one of the main characteristics that permeates regional development policies is the intense inequality between the North, Northeast and Center-West in relation to the South and Southeast. This disproportion is not a specific prerogative of Brazilian society, as we see it in other Latin American countries. The article uses a comparative method to map aspects that led Brazil and Argentina in the construction of their governmental agendas, to indicate theoretical suggestions for overcoming obstacles to development. Brazil has a trajectory of State intervention in public policies controlled by the Regional Superintendencies. On the other hand, Argentina also applies some governmental measures - mainly located in the ministerial portfolios - to contain the progress of regional asymmetries.


An electronic health care system greatly enhances the patient healthcare records which are stored in the cloud server. Searchable encryption scheme is used which enhances the search mechanism. Conjunctive keyword search helps the authorized users to access the records by giving multiple keywords, so that it becomes difficult for the attackers to guess the keyword and retrieve the records. Re-encryption scheme provides more security to the records by reencrypting the encrypted index before uploading them into cloud server. Since the patient's healthcare records consist of sensitive information, it may be inconvenient for the patient when his records are accessed by everyone. To overcome the problem in our proposed work we introduce the concept called K-Anonymity which is used so that it gives only a partial access to the authorized users by using two methodologies suppression and generalization. This has been very efficient in the standard model. Keywords—K-Anonymity, Re-encryption, authorized I.INTRODUCTION In order to prevent the medical errors the Electronic Health Records makes the medical records to be computerized, by storing them in cloud. When the healthcare record of a patient is created in one hospital which will be centralized and stored in a cloud server so that when the patient moves to another hospital it will help him to manage and share information with others also. Electronic Health Records has lot of privacy issues. The patient's healthcare records may be vulnerable to attacks. Even though they promise to keep the data's safe, if the server is intruded or the misbehavior of even a single staff member who manages the records will cause the patients sensitive healthcare information to be leaked. So it is essential to keep track of the privacy of the records. Re-encryption technique is used where the encrypted data's are re-encrypted, which will enhance the security. If the patient wants to move to an another hospital and he does not want his records to be accessed by the users from the previous hospital anymore, then he can use a new key to encrypt the records, will is more expensive. We have time-based proxy re-encryption scheme and we have a time limit which will be set for the authenticated users by mentioning the beginning and the closing time, such that the users have to access the records within that time limit or else he/she cannot access, the records will be deleted automatically. If the time period is one year then the users can access the records within that particular year, and after which they will lose their access rights. Public Key Encryption Scheme with keyword search is used, which enables the user to search on the encrypted records without decrypting it. If the patient is the data owner he may give access right to the person's he wished to, by giving his private key to the trusted users. With the help of the private key, the users may search the encrypted records. If the user queries the private key, and if it matches with the record, then the record will be retrieved. One time password will be provided if the user request for the record. PKES is more efficient and secure scheme, which makes the hacker difficult to guess the keyword. In the existing work conjunctive keyword search scheme with designated tester and timing enable proxy re-encryption function (Re-dtPECK) is used. Where the data owner, data users, time server, proxy server are provided with public and private key pairs. Designated tester is that only the designated tester will carry the test algorithm, mostly the server. And proxy re-encryption with conjunctive keyword search allows the server to reencrypt the key, so that the records which have been encrypted by the data owner with his public key can be decrypted by the user with his private key. This scheme is called proxy re-encryption with keyword search (REPEKS). Since this scheme allows only a single keyword search so, conjunctive keyword search has been proposed which is (RE-PECK) allows multiple keyword search over encrypted records. Designated tester allows only the server to carry out the test algorithm. And the timing enabled function allows the user to search the records within that time period mentioned in the algorithm. AES algorithm is used in order to encrypt the public key and also the documents. The patient who is the data owner may also doesn't want the trusted users to view his full disease details. And also the timing enabled technique may not be appropriate for some users. In order to overcome the problem, we propose an approach called K-Anonymity which provides only a partial access to the users, by using two techniques namely, suppression and generalization. In suppression certain values of the attributes are replaced by an asterisk '*'. All or some values of a column may be replaced by '*'. In Pak. J. Biotechnol. Vol. 13 special issue II (International Conference on Engineering and Technology Systems (ICET'16) Pp. 109 112 (2016) 110 generalization individual values of attributes are replaced by with a broader category. II. RELATED WORK For searching the documents single keyword search was used which will take a long time for searching, and retrieve many documents that contain the keyword, so searching technique becomes inefficient. In order to overcome the above problem, we move on to conjunctive keyword search, which is not the multiple execution of single keyword search instead it enhances the search technique by enabling the users to query multiple keywords in turn they can retrieve the required data's or document. And it becomes more efficient since it extracts the exact result. It also enhances the privacy by making the users to know which documents are extracted by the users [1]. Secure Channel FreePublic Encryption with Keyword Search (SCF-PKES), allows the server to have its own public/private key pairs which is (kp,ks)where k is the input and p is the public key and s is the private key. Where the user inputs the server's public key in the algorithm, it will be executed only when the public key matches with the private key. Since PKES has a drawback of using only one keyword for searching over encrypted data we propose a method called as PECKS Public Encryption with Conjunctive Keyword Search, where a secure channel is set between the sender and the receiver, Where the public key and the document is given as input in the algorithm and the cipher texted conjunctive keyword is the output. Similarly with the private key and the query as the input the trapdoor is generated as output. When the algorithm is run if the cipher texted conjunctive keyword matches with the trapdoor the result is returned or incorrect message is displayed [2]. Before outsourcing, the data owner will prepare an access control list (ACL), which is the list of users who can access the data's, and they will be grouped together under one file group. And each file group will be encrypted by using one symmetric key, and this key will be distributed to the users under each group. And with the help of the key the users can decrypt and retrieve their documents. First classify data with similar access control lists (ACLs) into a file group, and then encrypt each file group with a unique symmetric key. The symmetric key will be distributed to the data users in the list, so that only the users who are in the ACL can access the file. The main drawback of this approach is that the key size managed by the owner grows along with the number of file groups [3]. In the existing work PEKS is proposed, which allows the users to search over the encrypted documents, and is based on the traditional encryption scheme along with the keyword search, where the owner has to prepare the keywords from the input k, and then encrypt these keywords, and these keywords will be indexed and outsourced to the cloud server, and later when the users wants to retrieve the documents he will query the chipper texted keyword to the server, and the document which matches with the keyword will be retrieved [4]. Time Released Encryption is based on the time dependent type of encryption. And the decryption can also be controlled based on the time. The particular group of recipients will be given a time limit to access the records, and the can decrypt the records within that time limit after which they will lose their access rights and they will not be able to access the records. Time Released Encryption (TRE) along with Proxy Re-Encryption is used, which is found to be more effective. Proxy reencryption technique enables the encrypted records to be re-encrypted [5]. Searchable symmetric encryption technique is used, helps the user to retrieve the documents by using his private key, this scheme helps the user to query the keyword in such a way even the owner does not know what was the query, but the owner still has to authenticate the query. So the owner can authenticate the query without learning the policies [6]. This scheme removes the secure channel which is used for security purpose. Instead Key Policy-Attribute Based Keyword Search is used (KP-ABKS), which is based on Key Policy-Attribute Based Encryption (KPABE). The user quires the attribute to retrieve the document, this scheme allows multiple users to carry out search mechanism which has been proved to be more flexible [7]. The work is based on Searchable symmetric encryption (SSE), which supports both conjunctive search and also Boolean queries over the encrypted documents. It is suitable for very large databases and focuses mainly on the single keyword search [8]. A. Drawbacks In the existing system there are some drawbacks, storing the data in cloud has many security issues, so many of the companies do not prefer cloud. In order to enhance the security we prefer proxy re-encryption technique (PRE). Using Public Encryption Keyword Search allows only single keyword search, so conjunctive keyword search is preferred. When the patient moves to an an