A method for transplanting the big tree with bare root includes such steps as digging a tree, trimming the tree to be transplanted, transporting, preparing the conditions for transplanting, transplanting, post management, and draining water and preventing waterlogging. It features that the consumptions of nutrients, water and energy for the tree to be transplanted are decreased and the physiological function of its tissue, organs and root is restored as fast as possible. Its advantages are high survival rate and convenient transport.


Stress Responses
Cells respond to environmental stress by down-regulating general protein synthesis and inducing selective expression of proteins required for survival. However, the mechanisms controlling this selective messenger RNA (mRNA) translation response remain poorly understood. Lamper et al. report that the noncanonical 5′ cap-binding protein subunit eIF3d is activated upon metabolic stress in mammalian cells to reprogram cellular mRNA translation. eIF3d is activated by a switch in phosphorylation status at sites near the cap-binding pocket and enables cells to express the proteins required for the regulation of metabolism and survival during stresses, including glucose starvation. This work reveals how eIF3d-dependent, noncanonical cap-dependent translation controls the cellular adaptation to stress.

Science , this issue p. [853][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.abb0993


From February 10 14, 1997 I attended the Fifth International Conference in Central Europe on Computer Graphics and Visualization (WSCG), held in cooperation with the IFIP working group 5.10 on Computer Graphics and Virtual Worlds. This report on the Conference was prepared for the organisations that supported my attendance and the MA research tour that followed. Participation in the Conference was made possible with assistance from Arts Victoria; Faculty of Visual Arts, RMIT University; Centre for Animation and Interactive Media, RMIT University; the Australian Network for Art and Technology; and Toy Satellite. Fig. 1 WSCG'97 attendees


The Gulf of California hermit crab, Clibanarius digueti, forms discrete clusters at low tide consisting of as many as 700 individuals. To determine the adaptive value of clustering, hypotheses concerning resistance to strong currents, cold, and desiccation were evaluated experimentally. In addition, field observations of mating, shell exchange, grazing, and predator avoidance were made. Results suggest that aggregation improves survivorship of extreme cold and desiccation. When cover is lacking, clusters may also enable C. digueti to resist displacement by strong currents. Field experiments using empty, tagged shells also indicate a possible shell exchange role.


Conversion of β,γ-dihydroxyesters to butenolide and/or γ-ketoesters by solid acids and its application towards the synthesis of heritol, heritonin and mintlactones are described.


AUGUSTA. Maine has: In city schools, 32.28i children. 111 village schools" 4.5.549 children; in rural scbools, 49,460 children. "Note the importance of the country school," says State Superintendent Smith in making the following suggestio"," lor improvement: (a) A better qualified and better paid teaching force; (0) better buildings, especially as regards beating, lighting, ventilacion, and sanitary surroundings; (c) larger school grounds; (d) better equipment of books, material, and apparatus; . (e) more careful supervision; (0: better organized course of study;~(g) 'more sympathetic support and iRterest of the community.


In the wake of the current security challenges and social instability in Nigeria today, there is a great need to employ a broad range of measures in dealing with the situation. Since the social instability and insecurity in Nigeria seem to have resisted the police and military guns, a far-reaching solution must be sort to redress the current menace that is threatening the stability of Nigeria as a nation. Music is one of society's weapons of offence and defence because it can be used to regulate human conduct. This paper explored the avenues of using music as a unifying force to institute lasting security and social stability that is devoid of ethnocentrism in a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. This is hoped to be achieved through survey method and bibliography. A suggestion is made for music practitioners from various ethnic groups in Nigeria to produce music that possess universal appeal geared towards fostering peace and security in the country. Keywords: Music, Social stability, Security challenges Ethnocentrism and social control


In this paper, we propose distributed algorithms for estimating the average pose of an object viewed by a localized network of camera motes. To this effect, we propose distributed averaging consensus algorithms on the group of 3D rigid-body transformations, SE(3). We rigorously analyze the convergence of the proposed algorithms, and show that naive generalizations of Euclidean consensus algorithms fail to converge to the correct solution. We also provide synthetic experiments that confirm our analysis and validate our approach.


Micro, small and medium enterprises have been an area of great research interest. Credit is reported as a crucial inputfor promoting the growth ofthe MSME sector. The paper aims atfinding out the role of MSMEs in the development of an economy and the issues associated with institutional lending to MSMEs. MSMEs have been revolutionary in the development of economies, especially among the developing countries. Financial constraint has been identified by the previous studies as a major hindrance to MSME growth. MSMEs find it difficult to obtain credit from formal institutions, and banks find it difficult to give credit to them. However, formal lending sources are indispensible to MSME development. Reliance on informal sector is not a healthy option for the small sector. The important factors that influence lending to MSMEs are competition among banks, legal framework, credit policies and lack of information about SME borrowers, firm characteristics and firm size. Various schemes have been introduced over time directed at MSMEs 'development which have uplifted the sector but it still remains ineffective in many areas. The District Industrial Centres in India are responsible for registration and implementation ofvarious government schemes, also with supporting organisations like KVIC, KVIB, Coir Board. But interestingly, only a negligible number of MSMEs have registered with DICs till date. Also, very limited studies have been found on unregistered and informal MSMEs.


The possibility of using a μ‐fan in tubular solid oxide fuel cells module (SOFC‐M) is shown. The μ‐fan is placed instead of the ejector and fulfills its role. The main advantages of this solution are: lower power demanded by the fuel compressor (blower), more stable working characteristics, and the possibility of more accurate control of the recycled part of the anode gas during part load operation. A comparison of two SOFC‐Ms, with and without the ejector, is also shown and commented.


In the early 1950's, during the near avalanche of discoveries, rediscoveries, and redefinitions of subcellular components made possible by electrons microscopy, those prospecting in this newly opened field were faced with the problem of what to do with their newly acquired wealth. It could be increased by extending the inquiry on the horizontal to many other cell types prepared by many other techniques; it could be extended in further depth, instrumental resolution permitting ("ultra" was the preferred prefix of the period); or it could be used as a guide to monitor cell fractionation procedures of the type previously developed by Claude (1) . The last alternative seemed particularly attractive since the small dimensions of many of the newly discovered structures suggested that they were relatively simple macromolecular assemblies. At their level, structure as traditionally envisaged by the microscopist was bound to merge into biochemistry, and biochemistry of massisolated subcellular components appeared to be the best way to get at the function of some of the newly discovered structures. The example provided by the work on isolated mitochondria was recent and still shining (2, 3). At the time the structures of interest were the "small particulate component of the cytoplasm" (4) soon to become in succession "ribonucleoprotein particles" (5) and "ribosomes" (6), and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) originally discovered by Porter, Claude and Fullam (7) and then studied by Porter (8) and by Porter and myself (9-11). Philip Siekevitz joined me in 1955 and together we started a long series of integrated morphological and biochemical studies on the pancreas of the guinea pig using primarily a combination of electron microscopy and cell fractionation procedures. The choice of the pancreatic exocrine cell, a very efficient protein producer, as the object for our studies reflected in part our training, and in part our environment. I was coming from a medical school where I had acquired an interest in "microscopical anatomy" and "physiological chemistry" and great respect for the work of Claude Bernard, Rudolf Heidenhain and Charles Garnier. Philip Siekevitz was coming from a graduate school with a Ph.D. in Biochemistry and had recently worked out one of the first in vitro systems for protein synthesis (12). Our environment was the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research where a substantial amount of work had been carried out on the isolation, crystallization and characterization of pancreatic secretory proteins (cf. 13). But perhaps the most important factor in this selection was the appeal of the amazing organiza-


Objective
To investigate the effects of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch L. crude polysaccharides (GUCP) as an adjuvant on the immunity of mice and the immune responses induced by human papilloma virus (HPV)-DNA vaccine.

Methods
ICR mice were injected with different concentrations of GUCP by different ways to detect the influences of GUCP on body weight, organ indexes and the numbers of immune cells in spleen. C57BL/6 mice were co-immunized with HPV-DNA vaccine and GUCP to detect the adjuvant efficacy on antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses.

Results
GUCP in all injected groups had no side effect on mouse body weight and liver, heart, lung and kidney indexes, but intraperitoneal injection of GUCP significantly increased spleen and thymus indexes and the numbers of B cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells in spleen. Subcutaneous injection of GUCP significantly increased the numbers of B cells and macrophages in spleen and intragastric administration significantly increased the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in spleen. Furthermore, GUCP as an adjuvant enhanced the antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and the levels of IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a induced by HPV-DNA vaccine at a certain degree.

Conclusion
GUCP enhanced the immunity of mice and the antigen-specific cellular and humoral immune responses induced by HPV-DNA vaccine. These results suggested that GUCP might be used as an adjuvant for DNA vaccine.

Key words:
Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch L.; Crude polysaccharides; Immunity; DNA vaccine; Immune response


A case of methadone poisoning with recovery is reported. An increased incidence of poisoning may occur because of recent innovations in the usage of this drug. A brief discussion of the drug and the treatment of acute intoxication is included.


There is considerable evidence that the growth of non-bank institutional investors, primarily collateralized loan obligations, in the market for bank loans provided a significant increase in the supply of credit. Firms accessing the market for institutional term loans invested more in capital expenditures and working capital than otherwise similar firms. Since institutional investors have concentrated in lending to borrowers with speculative-grade debt ratings, the borrower's credit rating provides a natural instrument to show that borrowing from a non-bank has had a causal impact on firm investment. Institutional term loans have permitted borrowers to increase their leverage and strengthen their balance sheets by lengthening the maturity of their debt, further confirming that non-bank investors have increased the supply of credit. In response to the supply shock, there has been considerable growth in number of firms with speculative-grade ratings, driven primarily by firms acquiring new ratings to gain access to the institutional market. This result suggests that banks no longer have a comparative advantage in funding senior, secured debt that requires extensive monitoring of covenants. However, commercial banks remain the unique provider of revolving lines of credit, suggesting that banks comparative advantage rests in the provision of liquidity in the form of lines of credit.


A series of MnCo2Ox catalysts modified with different Nb ratios were synthesized by co-precipitation and sol–gel method. The effects of niobia on the low-temperature NH3-SCR performances of the catalysts were investigated. The MnCo2O4 spinel phase was identified according to XRD and Raman results. Niobates including Mn2NbOx and Co2NbOx appeared with the increase of the Nb loading based on the Raman and H2-TPR results. Among the obtained catalysts, MnCo2Nb0.5Ox presented the best catalytic performance with a broad operation temperature window, high N2 selectivity and good H2O resistance. It was found that the addition of niobia weakened the redox properties of the catalysts to some extent, resulting in the decrease of NO conversion at 50 °C. This, as well as the enhanced surface acidity, inhibited the unselected oxidation of NH3 to N2O and increased the N2 selectivity over the modified catalysts. Consequently, the modification of MnCo2Ox catalyst by NbOx promoted the low-temperature NH3-SCR performance.


Background: The herbal-pair, Kansui and Licorice, belongs to the "eighteen incompatible medicaments" category of traditional Chinese medicine. Kansuiphorin C (KC) is the main toxic component of Kansui. The main component of licorice is glycyrrhizic acid, which is hydrolyzed to glycyrrhetinic acid. Currently, the synergistic mechanism between Kansui and Licorice is unclear. Methods: Rat liver microsomes were used in this experiment, HPLC was used to detect the contents of KC, glycyrrhizic acid, and glycyrrhetinic acid to determine whether these compounds are metabolic substrates of CYP450. A control group with isozyme inhibitors was also employed to reveal the isozyme subtypes involved in compound metabolism. To further explain the induction or inhibitory effect of the above compounds on liver microsomal enzymes, enzyme activity was indirectly revealed based on changes in the contents of known metabolites of CYP2E1, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4. Results: KC and glycyrrhetinic acid were metabolic substrates of CYP450. CYP2E1 and CYP2C9 are mainly involved in the partial metabolism of glycyrrhizic acid in the liver. CYP2E1 and CYP3A4 are mainly involved in the partial metabolism of glycyrrhetinic acid in the liver. CYP2E1, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 did not play a major role in the metabolism of KC. KC had little effect on the metabolism of glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid. Glycyrrhizic acid, glycyrrhetinic acid, and KC induced CYP3A4 and inhibit CYP2E1. Both glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid could inhibit the induction of CYP3A4 after combination with KC. KC with glycyrrhizic acid could synergistically inhibit the activity of CYP2E1, while KC with glycyrrhetinic acid could synergistically induce the activity of CYP2E1 Conclusion: KC and glycyrrhetinic acid were metabolic substrates of CYP450. KC, glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid have different inducing and inhibiting effects on CYP450 enzyme.


Dear Referee, we are very thankful for your comments. Below you will find our answers on them. In attachment, there is the revised manuscript where changes are tracked by red color. 1. In the section of estimation of waste toxicity, only one species (Bacillus pumilus) was selected for the bacterial assay. In natural bacterial community, some bacteria may use hydrocarbons, some may be sensitive to hydrocarbons. It may be a similar situation for radionuclides, some bacteria are radiation resistant, some may be sensitive. Due to the lack of systematic assay, this part of the experiments did not contribute to the main theme of the work very much, and it is actually misleading (by showing only the toxic or inhibitory effect) Bacillus pumilus toxicity bioassay is one of standardized C1629


Disordered photonic structures are promising materials for the realization of physical unclonable functions (PUF), physical objects that can overcome the limitations of conventional digital security methods and that enable cryptographic protocols immune against attacks by future quantum computers. One PUF limitation, so far, has been that their physical configuration is either fixed or can only be permanently modified, and hence allowing only one token per device. We show that it is possible to overcome this limitation by creating a reconfigurable structure made by light-transformable polymers, in which the physical structure of the unclonable function itself can be reversibly reconfigured. We term this novel concept Hyper PUF or HPUF in that it allows a large number of physical unclonable functions to co-exist simultaneously within one and the same device. The physical transformation of the structure is done all-optically in a reversible and spatially controlled fashion. Our novel technology provides a massive enhancement in security generating more complex keys containing a larger amount of information. At the same time, it allows for new applications, for example serving multiple clients on a single encryption device and the practical implementation of quantum secure authentication of data.


Three simple optical methods to determine diffusion coefficients in transparent liquids are discussed. The methods use multiple beam interferometer, Michelson's interferometer and fringe projection respectively for determining the diffusion coefficients. All these methods were found to yield accurate results.


Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common and complex condition. It affects up to 24% of women worldwide (1:6) and has a prevalence rate similar to asthma or back pain. The International Association for the study of Pain defines it as: 'chronic or persistent pain perceived in structures related to the pelvis of either men or women. It is often associated with negative cognitive, behavioural, sexual, and emotional consequences as well as with symptoms suggestive of lower urinary tract, sexual, bowel, pelvic floor or gynaecological dysfunction.' CPP lasts over 6 months and causes functional problems to the lives of sufferers.


Abstract : An improved Ray Tracing Hybrid Computer Program is described that determines ray paths in three dimensions. The program determines the firing azimuth and elevation angles necessary to direct a ray to a desired target location. An improved Satellite Orbital Simulation Model that predicts the lifetime of a spherical satellite is presented. A Fourier Data Analysis Program developed to operate on an EAI 8400 digital system with 32K of core memory is described. The Cooley-Tukey East Fourier Algorithm is utilized to generate either the autospectrum of a time series or the cross correlation function of two time series. A hybrid computer program to provide solutions to partial differential equations describing seismic phenomena is discussed. An attempt is made to take the classic hybrid techniques for handling parabolic partials and extend them to provide solutions to the more complex hyperbolic partials. A stable but rather inaccurate hybrid model is described and several techniques for potential improvements are discussed. (Author)


This paper aims is to identify and to describe morphological characteristic of tadpoles in Kedurang River, South Bengkulu and Cisuren River, PPKA Bodogol. Visual Encounter Survey along the river method was used to collect the sample of tadpoles. Three species were found in both rivers, namely Bufo melanostictus, Limnonectes sp. and Rhacophorus sp. Keywords: tadpole, Bufo melanostictus , Limnonectes sp ., Rhacophorus sp , Kedurang River, Bodogol.


Two-and-a-half-million frogs were legally imported into the UK between 2014 and 2018 for 'commercial' purposes. Where did they all end up?

This bizarre but intriguing question arises out of some interesting new research carried out by a quintet of academics into the volume, diversity and geographic origins of live wild animals being imported into the UK (see p 248).

The researchers' assumption is that most, if not all, these legally imported frogs were 'presumably intended for use as exotic pets'.

That's a fair assumption – pet shop licensing data suggest that the number of stockists of amphibians has increased in recent years. Other academics have also previously pointed to the pet trade as the major driver of amphibian imports.

> There are gaps in our knowledge of the ultimate destinations …


It is common for agencies around the world to conduct some form of cost-benefit analysis (CBA) when proposing an investment in a safety measure. Since resources are limited, expenditure on one particular safety measure effectively means that there are not the resources available for other measures. Due to finite financial resources, an investment in a safety scheme will require a trade-off elsewhere. As such, the objective of a CBA is to assess whether the proposed measure provides a net benefit to society or whether resources would be better directed elsewhere. Fire safety measures, such as sprinkler systems, are one means to mitigate the risk posed by fire in buildings. Sprinkler systems have a long record of property and life protection but there is a cost associated with their installation and ongoing maintenance. For many years various agencies have examined whether sprinkler systems should be mandated in some or all buildings within their jurisdiction, and as a result have conducted different forms of CBA. However, there are a number of challenges when carrying out such assessments particularly when it comes to placing an economic value on human life. This paper revisits three previous CBA available in the literature for the installation of residential (domestic) sprinkler systems in single family dwellings. The paper applies recent work to extend the J-value methodology which employs the life quality index (LQI) concept as a mean of valuing the benefit of increasing life expectancy through the mitigation or reduction in the occurrence rate of a hazard. Similar to the previous studies investigated, the paper finds that the unilateral installation of sprinkler systems in single family homes does not provide a net benefit to society. This conclusion is reached through the adoption of a novel and objective judgement scalar that is easy to implement and interpret.


In this Epilogue the history of the Darülfünun is analytically discussed from the Ottoman modernization point of view started by Tanzimat reforms and as a pinnacal element of its public education policy. Attention is drawn to a noticeable parallel between the development of the Ottoman University and the process of the evolution of European university to industrial development posited by Fritz K. Ringer; accordingly the establishment of Darülfünun belongs to an "early industrial phase." However, as was the case in Europe during the early industrial phase, there was in fact little connection between higher education and economic life. The Ottoman case followed a pattern of development similar to that in France and Germany, where the educational system served the needs of growing government bureaucracies, and these bureaucracies eventually did take an interest in both technological programs and economic development.


The case reported in this paper had suffered from acute radical irritation caused by lumbar disk herniation(LDH)and accompanied with major depression.The patient had not yet released of her suffering for a month until receiving both conservative treatment from mainly spinal manipulative therapist and anti-depressants from psychological doctor with the assistance of deep relaxation training.The complicated symptoms and signs,and process of the treatment remind us of a broader way of thinking when to deal with an individual patient with unusual clinical manifestation.The sociological background and individualities should always be respected according to the complicated treatment with various elements have to be considered in the process,including physical problem,psychological disturbance and personality.To author's best knowledge,the case introduced in this paper has not yet been reported before.


The interactions of 67 early childhood preservice teachers with International and U.S. preschool children in structured story time and unstructured table activities were videotaped and analyzed. Overall, preservice teachers displayed significantly more facilitative (e.g., ego boosting, teaching, questioning, and attending) than nonfacilitative (e.g., commanding, negatively responding, ignoring, and physical restraint) behaviors toward children. However, analyses of data relative to different ethnicity, gender, and activity type groups also revealed preservice teachers were relating to children in differential ways. Preservice teachers displayed significantly less facilitative and more nonfacilitative behaviors toward International children than U.S. children. In addition, preservice teacher‐child interactions with International children were rated as less positive and more negative than their interactions with U.S. children. Still also, preservice teachers displayed significantly less facilitative and less nonfacilitative behaviors toward girls than toward boys. Furthermore, preservice teacher‐child interactions with girls were rated as significantly less positive and less negative than with boys. Finally, preservice teachers displayed significantly more nonfacilitative behaviors toward children in structured story time activities than in unstructured table activities.


Scientific workflow systems face new challenges when supporting Cloud computing, as the information on the state of the used infrastructures is much less detailed than before. Thus, organising virtual infrastructures in a way that not only supports the workflow execution but also optimises it for several service level objectives (e.g. maximum energy consumption limit, cost, reliability, availability) become reliant on good Cloud modelling and prediction information. While simulators were successfully aiding research on such workflow management systems, the currently available Cloud related simulation toolkits suffer from several issues (e.g. scalability and narrow scope) that hinder their applicability. To address these issues, this article introduces techniques for unifying two existing simulation toolkits by first analysing the problems with the current simulators, and then by illustrating the problems faced by workflow systems. We use for this purpose the example of the ASKALON environment, a scientific workflow composition and execution tool for cloud and grid environments. We illustrate the advantages of a workflow system with directly integrated simulation back‐end and how the unification of the selected simulators does not affect the overall workflow execution simulation performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Digital fabrication of concrete elements requires a better understanding of the rheological behaviour of the cementitious material used. Fresh concrete is known to be a thixotropic material having ...


This study aims to examine the impact of transformational leadership style on crisis management and to examine the moderating effect of manager's crisis experience on the relationship between transformational leadership style and crisis management in Yemen organizations. Data was collected from 239 large private organizations in Yemen, through the self-administered questionnaire procedure. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed in the data analysis. The result indicates that transformational leadership style has a significant positive influence on crisis management. The result also reveals that the manager's crisis experience moderate the relationship between the transformational leadership style and crisis management. In practical terms, the results of the current study offer several implications for managers regarding the importance role of the factors enhancing crisis management in Yemen organizations. Moreover, leader with a prior crisis experience is more capable to handle the crisis situation. The limitation of the current study and the recommendation for the future study are highlighted.


Significance While college admission decisions impact the educational experiences and labor market outcomes for millions of students each year, the best method to determine admissions has been vigorously debated by academics and policymakers across the globe. Driving this debate are a number of major theoretical and practical innovations over the past 2 decades. Using a natural experiment from China, we evaluate the performance of the immediate acceptance mechanism, used for many years for college admissions in China and school choice in the United States, and the newer parallel mechanism. We find that when provinces move to the parallel mechanism, students apply to more colleges and list more prestigious colleges first. We further find that the student–college matchings become more stable. College admissions policies affect the educational experiences and labor market outcomes for millions of students each year. In China alone, 10 million high school seniors participate in the National College Entrance Examination to compete for 7 million seats at various universities each year, making this system the largest centralized matching market in the world. The last 20 y have witnessed radical reforms in the Chinese college admissions system, with many provinces moving from a sequential (immediate acceptance) mechanism to some version of the parallel college admissions mechanism, a hybrid between the immediate and deferred acceptance mechanisms. In this study, we use a natural experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the sequential and parallel mechanisms in motivating student college ranking strategies and providing stable matching outcomes. Using a unique dataset from a province that implemented a partial reform between 2008 and 2009, we find that students list more colleges in their rank-ordered lists, and more prestigious colleges as their top choices, after the province adopts the parallel mechanism in its tier 1 college admissions process. These listing strategies in turn lead to greater stability in matching outcomes, consistent with our theoretical prediction that the parallel mechanism is less manipulable and more stable than the sequential mechanism.


The invention relates to a method for measuring earthwork through an unmanned aerial vehicle. The method comprises the following steps: S1 planning a flight task and selecting equipment; S2 performing the flight task and acquiring data; S3 establishing a three-dimensional model according to image data and geographical coordinate information; S4 calculating earthwork volume of a measured area according to an engineering drawing and the generated three-dimensional model; S5 measuring and calculating the work load repeatedly at certain time intervals. By means of a flight control system, a satellite positioning system, a flight data storage system and a vehicle-mounted camera which are arranged on the unmanned aerial vehicle, the field work load can be reduced, and the measurement cycle can be shortened; the situation that a final measurement result is influenced due to artificial interference to a measurement process is avoided, multiple three-dimensional models acquired after repeated measurement at certain time intervals are compared and measured, the work load of earthwork can be calculated, and the project progress can be controlled conveniently.


The violence in family is an outstranding harmfull appearance in domestic marriage territory at recent years,and its events present in rising trend,and can not be negligible for us.It is hard to resist the violence in family and the comprehensive social administration is required.The rule by law is the most thorough measure to resist the violence in family,so we wish the relevant legislation will early be realized.


According to the rule of"designing for change"proposed by GoF,the generic programming technique is used in strategy pattern design by taking the choice problem of matching arithmetic for example. Through refactoring the low level design,the mutual contents are extracted from a lot of matching algorithms to create the simple function objects which is used as the concrete strategy. Then the generic technology is used to construct the abstract strategy and the reference relationship in context. The design has primely solved the problems of code reuse and generalization problem.


Some new functional coatings were introduced,such as fingerprint resistant coatings,infrared radiative coatings,no-fogging coatings,strippable coatings,formaldehyde degraded coating,and so on.Preparation methods and performance of these coatings were summarized.


Electrodynamic and particle simulation studies have been carried out to optimize design of a two-cavity harmonic frequency multiplier, in which a linear electron beam is energized by rotating fields near cyclotron resonance in a TE111 cavity in a uniform magnetic field, and in which the beam then radiates coherently at the nth harmonic into a TEn11 output cavity. Examples are worked out in detail for 7th and 2nd harmonic converters, showing RF-to-RF conversion efficiencies of 45% and 88%, respectively at 19.992 GHz (K-band) and 5.712 GHz (C-band), for a drive frequency of 2.856 GHz. Details are shown of RF infrastructure (S-band klystron, modulator) and harmonic converter components (drive cavity, output cavities, electron beam source and modulator, beam collector) for the two harmonic converters to be tested. Details are also given for the two-frequency (S- and C-band) coherent multi-MW test stand for RF breakdown and RF gun studies.


Hydrocephalus in case of hemorrhagic stroke with intravetricular extension is common complication, but without intraventricular extension is rare. However, we rarely find hydrocephalus following resolved hemorrhagic stroke. We present a case of communicating hydrocephalus in 65 year female who presented with left sided weakness, disoriented and loss of consciousness since few weeks. Patient was managed with ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. We report this unusual case with pertinent literature.


Exploration and development of geothermal resources should be subject to the same tax treatment as exploration and development of oil and gas. To permit certain tax treatment where the geothermal resource is steam and to deny comparable treatment when the resource is superheated water is without basis. (PCS)


In the era of integrated media, the news and publishing industry is undergoing tremendous changes. In the current publishing industry, we believe that we all feel the emergence of new social situations such as diverse forms of publishing, diverse ways of communication, and ever-changing media development. These changes inspire every publisher to move forward with the direction of media integration and development, taking the spirit of public welfare and social responsibility as their own responsibility. In the era of alternation and mutual integration of old and new, "saving" traditional media, integrating content and benefits, and building a complete media ecosystem. Fully demonstrate the determination of publishers to work together and the expectation of co-writing in the era of media integration and development.


Sensitivity to the fungicides thiophanate-methyl and ziram was characterized for newly identified clades in the sooty blotch and flyspeck (SBFS) disease complex. Isolates obtained from apple orchards in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Wisconsin were previously grouped into clades based on parsimony analysis of the internal transcriber spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) regions of rDNA. Two isolates from each of eight clades were cultured on water agar amended with a range of fungicide concentrations. Radial growth of colonies was measured after incubation for 21 days at 25°C. Fungicide sensitivity (ED50) did not differ significantly (P = 0.05) between isolates within a clade, but several clades differed significantly. There was a greater variability among clades for sensitivity to thiophanate-methyl than for ziram. Significant differences in fungicide sensitivity among, but not within, clades provide evidence that these clades differ physiologically. Understanding differences in fungicide sensitivity among SBFS clades could have practical implications for improved management of SBFS. Introduction Sooty blotch and flyspeck diseases (SBFS) are caused by a complex of saprophytic fungi that colonize the cuticle of pome fruits. Sooty blotch signs are variable, but generally appear as brown to black smudges on the apple peel, whereas flyspeck appears as groups of tiny brown or black spots (Fig. 1). The fungi blemish the fruit, downgrading its value from fresh-market to cull status, and thereby can cause severe economic losses for apple growers (24). The SBFS complex includes Peltaster fructicola, Geastrumia polystigmatis, and Leptodontium elatius, which cause sooty blotch, and Zygophiala jamaicensis, which causes flyspeck (16). Six mycelial types -punctate, fuliginous, rimate, ramose, flyspeck, and discrete speck -are currently used to describe the diverse morphology of members of the SBFS complex on apples (3,11). Fig. 1. Sooty blotch and flyspeck signs on Golden Delicious apple from Pella, IA. Plant Health Progress 9 December 2003 Batzer et al. (4) presented genetic evidence indicating that the SBFS complex in the Midwest could be separated into approximately 25 clades. After the large (28S) subunit (LSU) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA were amplified and sequenced, maximum parsimony analysis was used to separate isolates into clades. Each clade exhibited characteristic mycelial morphology on apples and in culture. In several instances, more than one clade shared the same mycelial type. Applying molecular genetic techniques has revealed that the SBFS disease complex in the Midwest encompasses far more genetic diversity than previously documented. Previous studies have shown a correlation between SBFS mycelial type and environmental response. Hickey (14) showed that morphologically distinct isolates from the SBFS complex differed in response to temperature and pH, and that the peak time of fruit colonization was earlier for flyspeck than sooty blotch. Batzer (5) found that mycelial type influenced efficacy of removal of SBFS fungi by postharvest sanitizing agents. A study comparing incidence and severity of sooty blotch mycelial types at four locations in North Carolina showed that environmental factors affect mycelial types differently (22). Additionally, Johnson and Sutton (18) found that P. fructicola and L. elatius, which exhibit punctate and fuliginous mycelial types, respectively, responded differently to temperature and relative humidity. Hickey (14) found differences in fungicide sensitivity between sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi. Dodine suppressed growth of sooty blotch mycelium, but not flyspeck mycelium, on fungicide-amended agar. Johnson (17) determined that EC50 for fluazinam was more than 100 times greater for L. elatius than P. fructicola, whereas EC50 for benomyl was 30 times greater for P. fructicola than L. elatius. To prevent economic losses from SBFS, a protectant fungicide spray program is implemented in apple orchards throughout the eastern half of the United States, as well as in other humid areas of apple production worldwide. Use of weather-based disease-warning systems to reduce the frequency of fungicide sprays in orchards has provided promising but inconsistent results (12,13,21; Gleason, unpublished data). In both conventional and integrated pest management (IPM) approaches, management regimes have been applied without regard for the species of SBFS present in each orchard. More effective management may require a better understanding of the environmental biology and fungicide sensitivity of members of the SBFS complex. Few fungicides are currently registered for control of SBFS. Among these, thiophanate-methyl and ziram are among the most affordable and widely used compounds in the U.S. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the sensitivity of newly discovered SBFS fungi to the fungicides thiophanate-methyl and ziram. A preliminary report has been published (2). Isolates and Fungicides Fourteen SBFS isolates from orchards in Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, North Carolina, and Wisconsin were chosen to represent eight clades that encompassed five mycelial types as they appeared on apples (Fig. 1;Table 1). Plant Health Progress 9 December 2003 Table 1. Characterization of clades in the SBFS complex, including recognized species assessed for fungicide sensitivity in this study. x These isolates were originally thought to be in a single clade due to close genetic similarity. When further study revealed that they differed significantly in several morphological characteristics, these isolates were split into two separate clades (23). y Isolate Pf002 has been identified as Peltaster fructicola. z Isolate Zj003 has been identified as Zygophiala jamaicensis. Two fungicides that are widely used against SBFS (10) were chosen for the study. Thiophanate-methyl is a systemic fungicide in the benzimidazole group, whereas ziram is a protectant fungicide in the dimethyldithiocarbamate group (25). For this study, commercial formulations of each fungicide were used: Topsin M 70WP (thiophanate-methyl; Cerexagri, King of Prussia, PA) and Ziram 76DF (ziram; Cerexagri). Characterization of Isolate Sensitivity to Thiophanate-methyl and Ziram Stock suspensions of each fungicide were prepared in distilled water using 1:200 serial dilutions. The most concentrated suspension corresponded to the lowest labeled rate for the fungicide on apples (10). Fungicide stock suspensions were added to autoclaved 2% water agar (after cooling to approximately 40°C). Three ml of the amended media were added to each well in a six-well (well diameter = 3.5 cm) tissue culture plate (Costar #3516, Corning Inc., New York, NY). Inoculum was prepared by streaking 30-day-old cultures onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) to achieve a uniform lawn of mycelium. After 17 days of incubation at 23°C, 3.5-mm-diameter fungal plugs were placed mycelium down onto the media in the six-well plates. The inoculated plates were incubated in the dark at 25°C (Fig. 2). Clade Isolate Mycelial Type Origin FG2 UIF1 fuliginous Urbana, IL FG2 UMF2 fuliginous Columbia, MO P4 GTE5 punctate Sparta, IL P4 CUE2 punctate Rockford, IL P1 GTE1 punctate Sparta, IL yP1 Pf002 punctate Moore County, NC xRL1 MWD2 rimate Indianola, IA xRL2 UID2 rimate Urbana, IL DS1 MSTB8 discrete speck New Munster, WI DS1 PEB1 discrete speck Pella, IA FS3 MWA8 flyspeck Indianola, IA FS3 GTA8 flyspeck Sparta, IL FS1 MSTA6 flyspeck New Munster, WI zFS1 Zj003 flyspeck Henderson County, NC Plant Health Progress 9 December 2003 Each experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors: isolate and fungicide concentration (μg/ml). Thiophanate-methyl and ziram trials were treated as separate experiments. Fourteen fungal isolates and six fungicide concentrations were tested (Tables 1, 2, and 3). Each well contained one of the fungicide concentrations. The experimental unit thus consisted of a six-well plate in which a single fungal isolate was exposed to five concentrations of a fungicide and an unamended control. Each experimental unit was replicated six times, and each experiment was repeated once. In the second run of the experiment, fungicide concentrations were modified to improve the accuracy of ED50 determination (Tables 2 and 3). Table 2. Thiophanate-methyl concentrations used in the study. Isolates were tested in one of two concentration ranges, based on preliminary data indicating that the isolates were grouped into two distinct ranges of sensitivity. Concentrations were adjusted between Trials 1 and 2 to more closely encompass the response range within which ED50 occurred. a Group 1T included isolates GTE5, CUE2, GTE1, Pf002, MWD2, and UID2. b Group 2T included isolates UIF1, UMF2, MSTB8, PEB1, MWA8, GTA8, MSTA6, and Zj003. Table 3. Ziram concentrations used in the study. Isolates were tested in one of two concentration ranges, based on preliminary data indicating that the isolates were grouped into two distinct ranges of sensitivity. Concentrations were adjusted between Trials 1 and 2 to more closely encompass the response range within which ED50 occurred. c Group 1Z included isolates UIF1, UMF2, and MWD2. d Group 2Z included isolates GTE5, CUE2, GTE1, Pf002, UID2, MSTB8, PEB1, MWA8, GTA8, MSTA6, and Zj003. Fig. 2. Mycelial plugs were placed on fungicide-amended agar in wells of tissue culture plates. Isolate MWD2 is shown on thiophanate-methyl-amended agar. Fungicide concentrations (μg/ml) are shown below corresponding wells. Trial Group Concentrations (μg/ml) 1 1Ta 0.00 0.30 0.40 0.86 1.71 3.00 2Tb 0.00 0.10 0.12 0.20 0.30 0.60 2 1Ta 0.00 0.30 0.40 0.60 0.86 1.71 2Tb 0.00 0.10 0.12 0.16 0.20 0.30 Trial Group Concentrations (μg/ml) 1 1Zc 0.00 0.45 0.90 1.20 2.40 18.00 2Zd 0.00 0.23 0.45 0.90 1.20 3.60 2 1Zc 0.00 0.45 0.90 1.03 1.20 2.40 2Zd 0.00 0.23 0.45 0.60 0.90 1.20 Plant Health Progress 9 December 2003 After 21 days, two perpen


This article examines the significance of Catholic sex ethics in sub-Saharan Africa, where 22 million people are infected by HIV, with 1.9 million new infections in 2007 and 1.5 million HIV and AIDS related deaths in the same year alone (UNAIDS/WHO 2008 Report, July 2008). The article explores ways of liberating sexuality and saving lives by re-examining Catholic sex taboos in relation to circumcision in some African communities in HIV and AIDS contexts. It challenges the Church, which has been blamed for imposing on Africans an anti-sexuality faith, to urgently revise its sex ethics in order to exonerate itself from crimes committed against humanity in the 21st century. The article critically examines the gender dynamics of coerced abstinence in infibulating cultures and the unwavering Catholic pastoral teachings against condoms, despite the continual scourge of HIV and AIDS.


The shortage of electricity in Bulgaria requires demand for renewable energy sources. Interest in the production of biogas from organic waste has intensified in recent years. Anaerobic fermentation during biogas production is associated with obtaining the digestate. Several studies have found that digestate is rich in micro and macro nutrients and can be used as an organic reserve in agricultural practice. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of digestate on yield and quality of crop production at the ratio of raw materials the input of biogas installation – pig manure and markets waste 70:30. The indicator culture is lettuce. The studies were carried out on two soil types. Different percentage of digestate was tested in comparison with untreated soils as controls.


The firing squad synchronization problem on cellular automata has been studied extensively for more than forty years, and a rich variety of synchronization algorithms have been proposed for not only one-dimensional arrays but two-dimensional arrays. In the present paper, we propose a new and simpler optimum-time synchronization algorithm that can synchronize any rectangle array of size $m \times n$ with a general at one corner in $m + n + \max(m, n)-3 $ steps. An implementation for the algorithm in terms of local transition rules is also given.


Two concentrated solutions of NiBr2 have been examined by x‐ray diffraction. The Fourier transformed scattering data indicate inner complex formation between Ni2+ and Br− ions. Average numbers of bonded bromide ions per nickel atom have been determined for each solution and the reliability of the complexation numbers as well as of the other structural parameters has been critically examined.


Information and communication technology business relies heavily in many kinds of different networks, which share the characteristic of becoming more and more complex every day. Complex network structure analysis may yield important information on the dynamical processes taking place in such networks. For example, modifications made in a certain node may have a certain cost, in turn amplified by further modifications due in neighboring nodes, as a consequence of the original change. This cost propagation may be strongly influenced by the complexity of the network topology. In the present work we present a simple model for cost propagation and numerically analyze the consequences of such complex topologies on associated propagation processes.


This article introduces the implementation of Mobile IP function in embedded system. Firstly, it describes the basis of implementation on software and hardware; secondly, it emphasizes on the modification of lwip stack in order to implement Mobile IP, including the designing of multilever network interface and route strategy; thirdly, it describes the test of verifying the implementation.


By comparing four modes of logistics center according to different functions,the advantage and disadvantage of each mode is found out combining the development of logistics in our country. And an actual superior pattern fitting for practice of logistics enterprise is provided.


By effectively coupling IoT and Cloud together, we need to enable diversified IoT-Cloud services. To effectively support IoT-Cloud services, it is essential to maintain persistent data transport between IoT and Cloud. Also the emerging Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm can assist flexible flow-centric networking of persistent data between IoT and Cloud. Thus, in this paper, we take an example of IoT-Cloud service realized over miniaturized IoT-SDN-Cloud environment (named as SmartX-mini Playground) and propose the application of SDN-based flow steering to dynamically adjust the overlay data paths for IoT-Cloud services. More specifically, we attempt to combine the overlay data transport of Apache Kafka messages and the underlay flow-based networking coordinated by an ONOS (Open Networking Operating System) SDN controller.


This research paper explores the use of drama therapy, integrated with concepts from Goffman's dramaturgical model, in the treatment of clients with anorexia. The goal of this study is to illustrate the way in which drama therapy is effective in drawing out the true self/backstage of clients with anorexia. Goffman's dramaturgical model, which is a self-representation model, describes self-representation in terms of a front stage and a backstage and that a person will act according to the situation while there are other things taking place backstage, yet are not revealed (as cited in Moghaddam, 1998). Hence, these concepts of a front stage and backstage also parallel the true self and false self of the client with anorexia and the aim of drama therapy in this study is to draw the true self out onto the front stage. Thus, the core section of this paper lies in the third chapter which focuses on the use of drama therapy interventions (with narrative therapy psychodramatic and cognitive behavioral therapy influences), as a therapeutic method in bringing a true self forwards. In accepting the anorexia as a negative force and problem to be dealt with then, I am working with the client towards a re-nurturing and re-feeding of her true self in terms of thinking, feeling and being.


An electromagnetic wave propagating in the atmosphere is scattered by a beam of acoustic waves. The paper studies how a wind interferes with the scattering process. The purpose is to use the results for measuring the wind velocity and the temperature of the atmosphere at varying heights. A scattering calculation is carried out by means of standard methods used in problems of wave scattering. The scattering characteristics show a pronounced resonance, due to interference between spherical, i.e, nonplanar, waves. The resonance, and particularly the width of the resonance curve, represents a possibility of measuring the temperature of the atmosphere in the scattering region. The paper points out the advantage of having the acoustic beam generated by an array of phase controlled elementary acoustic sources. This opens the possibility of counteracting the effect of the wind on the acoustic beam so that the beam is keeping its direction undisturbed by the wind. By this method the problem of measuring the horizontal wind components is converted to a measurement of phase.


Commercial strategies using the advanced techniques of biotechnology for the production of biofuels may be affected by the biotechnology regulatory framework that exists in the United States and other countries. Use of genetic engineering to create improved microorganisms or enzymes for production of ethanol or other fuels might be subject to regulation by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Projects involving the genetic engineering of plants and trees to improve the feedstocks used in biomass conversion may be subject to regulation by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and equivalent rules in other countries. This paper explains the history and the basis for biotechnology regulation in the United States and elsewhere, and surveys the regulatory programs that might be applicable to biofuels projects, as well as the procedural and data requirements such projects might face. With advance planning it should be possible to gain timely regulatory approval for biofuels projects.


A methodology was developed to aid in the selection of procedures to allocate regional transit costs among participants. The methodology provides a means for comparing a variety of allocation procedures, based on the equity of the cost allocation and the cost to use the procedure. Measures of equity were developed to allow comparison of each procedure with a prespecified "ideal" allocation. Data from a 100% sample of a regional transit service in Barnstable County, Mass. , were used to illustrate the use of the procedure. Ten procedures were analyzed, each having different variables, data sampling frequencies, and weighting coefficients. The 10 procedures were compared to an allocation based on each participant's individual cost. Results showed that use of the methodology allowed elimination of several allocation procedures from further consideration.


This paper addresses adaptive fuzzy control for multimaster-multislave teleoperation for multiple mobile manipulators carrying a common object in a cooperative manner that subjected to asymmetric time-varying delays and model parameter uncertainties. In the proposed control framework, a novel switched error filtering is designed. By introducing the filtering output in the control torque design, the complete closed-loop master/slave systems are modeled as a special class of switched system that are composed of two subsystems, i.e., the local master (slave) dynamics with well-defined auxiliary variable and the switched error filter subsystem, which is fairly different from the existing subsystem decomposition method. Utilizing the Lyapunov-Krasovskii method, the complete closed-loop master (slave) system is proved to be state-independent input-to-output stable. The proposed scheme has overcome some application limitations existing in the literature. It is shown that the position tracking errors and the parameter estimation errors can remain bounded under the proposed control laws, which are validated by simulation studies.


Placement and routing (PnR) is the most time-consuming part of the physical design flow. Recognizing the routing performance ahead of time can assist designers and design tools to optimize placement results in advance. In this paper, we propose a fully convolutional network model to predict congestion hotspots and then incorporate this prediction model into a placement engine, DREAMPlace, to get a more route-friendly result. The experimental results on ISPD2015 benchmarks show that with the superior accuracy of the prediction model, our proposed approach can achieve up to 9.05% reduction in congestion rate and 5.30% reduction in routed wirelength compared with the state-of-the-art.


This article gives an overview of the ITS Assist project, designed to assist authorities in identifying suitable Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) solutions. Focus is on marketing efforts. In the article, the authors offer their observations about ITS projects that have been successfully implemented. Some of the areas emphasized include: educating officials and the public, obtaining support from different groups, working with a vision, and having a brand name that provides focus and sustains interest. The authors note that financing creating the right partnerships, operations, marketing, change management, and ongoing funding are issues requiring just as much thought as the technology of a project.


[reaction: see text] A dramatic solubility increase in fluorous solvents is observed for N,N'-di(polyfluoroalkyl)ureas when hydrogen binding complexes are formed with commercially available perfluoroalkanoic acid scavengers. As a case example, analytically pure peptides and esters are obtained using this novel separation method.


The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing technological method of gold inlaid with jade mainly relays on handwork and the production efficiency is low, and provides a technological method of gold inlaid with jade, which has high manufacturing efficiency and more elaborate manufacturing. The method comprises the following steps of: pressing 24K gold into 18K gold; b, drawing a planned gold sheet into a 3D figure through a computer; c, inputting the 3D figure of the gold sheet into the control system of a computer engraving machine, and directly engraving the requiredfigure on the gold sheet by the computer engraving machine; and d, processing the jade in a hollow-out way, inlaying the gold sheet figure into the jade, and carrying out laser spot welding by a goldneedle to reinforce the connection. The method has the beneficial effects of less gold usage, rapid production speed, higher yield, accurate size, high precision, richer gold sheet figure and more stereoscopic impression.


Economic conditions have placed increased importance upon rigorous financial analysis. In order to determine which analytical techniques are currently emp loyed by management, a questionnaire was sent to each fm on the May 1980, FORTUNE 500 list. The researchsought to establish a profile of the respondents' organizational structure and to identify the primary procedures used in risk assessment, working capital management, capital budgeting, and operations research modeling. The results do suggest a basic profile of the more active employers of analytical techniques. Relatively sophisticated capital budgeting procedures appear to be accepted across most industries, and many firms support their decision making with a "package" of formal tools.


Receiving poor results from a personalized recommendation system is frustrating. When users try to compensate by putting on a "different face" and game the system, the results can be even more frustrating. This paper investigates how to improve the user experience of such systems by: 1) adding personal photos to increase self-awareness, and 2) providing recommendations interspersed with personal questions. A 2x2 web experiment (N=56) within the context of an online dating match recommendation system was used to assess these two effects. Displaying a person's photo stabilized both response strategies and liking of a recommender's poor suggestions. Additionally, presenting all of the results together at the end was less frustrating than spreading them out. These results demonstrate that simple interface design decisions can have profound effects on user behaviors and attitudes with personalized recommendation systems.


The role offamily inelderly care in Indonesia remainsfeasible solutionfor both economic andcultural reasons. Rapidsocio-economic changes have raised the concerns whetherfamily members can effectively meet the need ofelderly care. This study examines the relationship between household structure variables and the use of health services. We seek to learn the household structure characteristics that facilitate or constrain elderly care. If there is no constraint within the family,elderly people living dependently to their children will be less likely to show difference in health care practices as opposed to those living independently. The datafor this analysis is drawnfrom the 1993 Indonesian Socio-Economic Survey. Individuals aged 65 years or above reported to have illness complaints in the past two weeks and remained suffered when the survey was performed are included for the analysis.The finding sindicate that the elderly people living dependently with their children or with other families use less health care available outside their homes than those living independently.


Post impact microstructural characteristics of 7.62 armour pearcing incendiary bullet was studied on AISI 4340 multilayerd welded joints. The potential application of AISI 4340 steel is found in the construction of combat vehicles using welding process. The welded joints are expected to offer better ballistic resistance like unwelded parent metals in combat vehicles. The traditionally used austenitic stainless steel welding consumables and the transformation effects of the welding process result in inferior ballistic performance of AISI 4340 steel welded joints. Published information revealed that a few attempts were made to successfully resist the bullets at multi layered weld metals by depositing a hard-facing interlayer between traditionally used austenitic stainless steel filler metals and a austenitic stainless steel buttering layer in between the parent metal and the hard – facing interlayer. This paper reports the pre-impact and post-impact microstructural characteristics of multi layered sandwiched joints made of a austenitic stainless steel root, a chromium carbide hard – facing middle layer and a low hydrogen ferritic capping front layer. The effect of the low hydrogen ferritic front layer on the ballistic performance after impact is studied in detail.


This paper presents a review and comparison of the software project cost estimation methods that have emerged with more impact in recent years; Expertise and Machine Learning methods. These methods and models have been selected according to an own criteria focusing onto Analogy estimation models and Case Based Reasoning approaches, assuming that they are widely utilized by researchers and with good accurate results. Finally we show a comparative analysis of the seven models proposed inside the Machine Learning methods with advantages and disadvantages between them.


the immune system acts as a sensory system to detect invading pathogens. recent evidence suggests that the immune and taste systems utilize some of the same chemosensory receptors, namely bitter taste receptors of the taste receptor family 2 (T2R). T2Rs are G-protein coupled receptors originally identified in type 2 taste receptor cells of the tongue, but expression of these t2rs is now known to extend to multiple organ systems, including the airway. basic science and clinical studies are establishing t2rs as part of a novel pathogen detection network in the airway, they are expressed in a variety of airway cell types and regulate multiple innate immune responses in both mice and humans. the t2r isoform, taste receptor family 2 isoform 38 protein (t2r38), which is expressed in motile cilia lining the sinonasal cavity (nose and sinuses), has recently been linked with sinonasal innate immunity, upper respiratory infection and chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) demonstrating their importance into human disease and these very frequent diseases.


The practice, in some academic libraries, of lending periodicals to staff and students can frequently lead to frustration and disappointment on the part of other users pursuing the same articles. Reports results of a survey of periodicals lending policies in university libraries, focusing on library and information science periodicals which are unique in that they have an additional user group in academic libraries, namely professional library staff. Explores the views of users, level of complaints about these policies, and compares loan periods, recall policies, photocopying charges and other related issues. Questionnaires were sent by electronic mail and post to academic departments and libraries in the UK, Ireland, North America, Australasia, and Scandinavia. Concludes that: the lending of periodicals causes problems for academic staff, library staff and, especially, for students; only a minority of academic libraries lend periodicals, with lending being more popular in the UK than the USA; and there is a clear difference of perception between librarians and their users about the difficulties involved. Suggests possible solutions, including: electronic access; duplicate copies of key periodicals for circulation among library staff; study packs and short loan arrangements; lending of older, bound volumes; and the making of loose issues reference only.


Alleles A1 and A2 of the Bos taurus CSN2 gene are the most frequent in a number of dairy cattle breeds. In this study, a new allelic discrimination assay using TaqMan fluorogenic probes was devel - oped to detect single nucleotide substitution characterizing the A1/A2 alleles of the CSN2 gene. The method was validated using DNA samples of known genotypes with different concentrations and the results were compared with those for the commonly used problematic ACRS-PCR. We found the TaqMan method to be more effective, 100% reliable and hundred times more sensitive for testing the CSN2 genetic marker in cattle than the ACRS-PCR. As it enabled a rapid analysis of a large number of DNA samples in uniform format without previous DNA quality assessment and without the requirement for post-amplification manipulations, it presents an effective tool for the analysis of large-scale sample sets. The method was applied for testing on a sample of 120 Czech Holstein dairy cows. The observed relative genotype and allele frequencies were as follows: A1A1- 0.20, A1A2-0.51, A2A2-0.29; A1-0.45, A2-0.55.


The current paper provides a researcher's account of the life-story method used in a study which aimed to identify patterns of the self-renewal process among women school principals in mid-career. The subjects of this study were 25 elementary school women principals aged between 43 and 52 in Israel. The paper outlines the practical aspects of the life-story method and contributes to our understanding of the consecutive pragmatic ways to implement a life-story method aimed to explore and develop a typology of a yet unknown phenomenon. Further, the ethical implications of doing life-story interview are discussed and presented. This article is available in The Qualitative Report: http://nsuworks.nova.edu/tqr/vol6/iss4/4 Building a Typology of Self-Renewal: Reflection Upon-Life Story Research by Izhar Oplatka The Qualitative Report, Volume 6, Number 4 December, 2001


The morphological change of polypropylene/polyamide(PP/PA1010=90/10)in an internal mixer was discussed in terms of rheological curve,integral backscattering light intensity,correlation distance calculated by applying Debye-Bueche theory and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation.It was found that significant changes in morphology occurred during the first one minute of mixing.After that time,the morphology of the blend went into a steady state.


Court Decision: 95 South Western Reporter, 3d Series 253; 2002 Dec 31 (date of decision). The Supreme Court of Texas reversed a lower court and held that the Texas Medical Assistance Program's restrictions on abortion funding for indigent women were constitutional because they did not violate the U.S. Equal Rights Amendment, the constitutional right to privacy, or the Texas Equal Protection Clause. The plaintiffs challenged the constitutionality of Texas's Medicaid program's funding restrictions which only provided funding for medically necessary abortions if the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest, or if the woman was in danger of death. The court held that the restrictions did not violate the Equal Rights Amendment because there was no evidence of discriminatory intent and the restrictions were rationally related to legitimate governmental purposes of only funding services for which federal reimbursement is available and of encouraging childbirth and protecting potential life. The court noted that the state may make a value judgment favoring childbirth and may implement that judgment through the allocation of public funds. The court also held that the restrictions did not violate the right to privacy because there is a fundamental difference between prohibiting abortion and encouraging childbirth as a matter of policy in the public interest. Moreover, the indigent woman retained the same range of choice she would have had if the state did not subsidize any health care costs. Finally, the court held that the restrictions did not violate the Equal Protection Clause because the underlying purpose of Texas's Medicaid Program was to provide indigent health care only to the extent that matching federal funds were available and the restrictions were rationally related to this underlying purpose.


Design development of a communications infrastructure for the fledgling distributor of dairy products at the provincial level "OroLac Cia. Ltda. "Which has the following computers: 15 desktop computers, 10 network printers, IP phones 14, 1 Server. The design must include the following requirements: The logical design of the network. The IP addressing scheme. Security for the accounting server. The characteristics required of network devices. Technology service internet access with sufficient bandwidth. To implement the network design is taken as reference CCNA3 CISCO, using concepts such as redundancy, broadcast storm, switching loops, STP, STP variations. Technologies that allow us to design reliable network model, resulting in a network capable of minimizing the most common problems that may occur within the normal data flow network. For this goal they have been taken into account technologies recommended by standards such as ANSI / TIA / EIA 568-C.2 and major device manufacturers and network accessories,


Genetics in the Soviet Union has undergone a profound and long crisis, involving the realm of Biological Sciences and Science and Culture as a whole. This was not merely due to the emergence of neo-Lamarckian Michurinism, claiming the inheritance of acquired characters to be possible and necessary, and the genotype to be plastic and shakable, especially under particular environmental and physiological conditions: this could have been the object of scientific discussions, probably of a controversy, too, just as one century ago, but would have hardly involved matters of principle and of method in Scientific Research, nor would the controversy have degenerated, absurdly giving rise to a " Western " and a " Soviet Science ". Two closely connected factors, equally important and equally witnessing a reject of the principles underlying the scientific method, may be considered as the actual source of this partition of Science, namely: i) The assumption of a primacy of Ideology, thus making Science be submitted to it, and scientific theories be held right or wrong, according to their fitting or not ideological ones; ii) Violent political pressures and administrative coercion on scientific thought, and on scientists themselves. Along with such matters of principle, matters of method in research planning and the formulation of results made it impossible to reach a plain evaluation of Lysenko's theories and results. Now that a normal athmosphere appears to have been re-established for the development of genetic research in the Soviet Union, rejecting, or ignoring the whole of Lysenko's work, could prove just as wrong as Lysenko's reject of Classic Genetics.


Along with a rapid development of the water resources informatization in China,it is more and more urgent to ensure the operation of the water resources information system well,so as to exert the benefit from the water resources informatization.The problems confronted with ensuring the operation of the water resources information system are studied herein and the key techniques for the construction of the operation ensuring platform for the water resources information system are described as well.


Through analysing the causes of forming cracks in mass concrete and influence factors,combining the analysis with practical construction,some technical measures and engineering measures to decrease cracks in mass concrete are put forward for the purpose to ensure its structure quality and surface quality.


Involving hearing impaired children in research is not straightforward, as these children often have deficiencies in spoken and written language. Therefore, researchers cannot rely on commonly used research methods that are based on verbal communication. In this paper we describe a series of research activities that were conducted to understand the world of experience of hearing impaired children in order to generate ideas for innovative IT applications. A user-centered design approach was followed, in which potential users and stakeholders were involved as much as possible. The methods that were used to understand the target group are discussed with respect to the experience of the researchers. Successes and lessons learned are described and recommendations for involving target groups with whom researchers and designers cannot communicate as they are used to, are provided.


Abstract This research is focused on assessing daylight performance in different floors based on the building proportion. Previous studies showed that atrium with the same Well Index (proportion) will receive the same daylight. This study aims to examine the relation between daylight in different floors of a building, using Well Index. Using DIVA for Rhino and DesignBuilder as the optimized daylight and energy simulation tools, this paper employs Daylight Autonomy (DA) and thermal performance as measured metrics. The research findings have demonstrated that Well Index can be a valid indicator to characterize proportion for assessing daylight at individual floors in buildings. This methodology improves the existing research method by proving that spaces with the same Well Index will have very close dynamic daylight metrics under the same condition, assumptions and material properties.


The widespread application of wireless services and dense devices access has triggered huge energy consumption. Because of the environmental and financial considerations, energy-efficient design in wireless networks has become an inevitable trend. To the best of our knowledge, energy-efficient orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) heterogeneous small cell optimization comprehensively considering energy efficiency maximization, power allocation, wireless backhaul bandwidth allocation, and user quality of service is a novel approach and research direction, and it has not been investigated. In this paper, we study the energy-efficient power allocation and wireless backhaul bandwidth allocation in OFDMA heterogeneous small cell networks. Different from the existing resource allocation schemes that maximize the throughput, the studied scheme maximizes energy efficiency by allocating both transmit power of each small cell base station to users and bandwidth for backhauling, according to the channel state information and the circuit power consumption. The problem is first formulated as a non-convex nonlinear programming problem and then it is decomposed into two convex subproblems. A near optimal iterative resource allocation algorithm is designed to solve the resource allocation problem. A suboptimal low-complexity approach is also developed by exploring the inherent structure and property of the energy-efficient design. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms by comparing with the existing schemes.


In this paper, we have compared the fault characteristics of IPM (Interior Permanent Magnet) and SPM (Surface mounted Permanent Magnet)-type BLDC (Brushless DC) motors under ITF (Inter-Turn Faults) conditions by using the WFT (Winding Function Theory) for analyzing the inductance. In addition, to determine the model that is more preventable in ITF, we compared the RTRI (Rate of Torque Ripple Increase), RICI (Rate of Input Current Increase), and RCCC (Rate of Circulating Current Change) under ITF conditions in IPM and SPM-type BLDC motors. Finally, for improving the characteristics of the output torque of the IPM-type BLDC motor, we have driven the motor using phase advanced angle control.


Professor R. C. Garry (University College, Dundee, University of St. Andrews): Pregnancy is a natural process and should continue so to be regarded both by the medical profession and by the lay public. Nevertheless it is probably true that pregnancy is a strain on the maternal organism, metabolically as well as physically. The factor of safety with which the human body is endowed in all its activities may be exceeded. Thus, it is possible that deficiencies, latent under conditions of normal life, may become patent during pregnancy. Moreover, we should not close our eyes to the fact that our social system is such that this period of inevitable, natural, physiological strain is too often accompanied by financial stringency. The increased demands of pregnancy and of motherhood are not met by increased provision of help in the home. Although much attention has been paid to the grosser catastrophes and mechanical difficulties of pregnancy and of labour we are still woefully ignorant of the more subtle metabolic changes associated with the nutrition of the unborn child. We have barely begun to understand the role of the placenta in conveying food materials and oxygen to, and removing waste from, the foetus. In addition, the placenta seems to act as a temporary maternal ductless gland. Thus, true appreciation of the importance of proximate principles and of accessory food factors must wait on greater knowledge of placental and foetal metabolism. All we can hope to do a t present is to record observations, to rely on frank empiricism. From studies of experimental and of farm animals, and from the experiences of mankind, we are accumulating data concerning nutrition with reference to successful pregnancy. But, until such knowledge becomes truly scientific, we shall fail to resolve our uncertainties, dispose of controversy, check the excesses of the less critical enthusiasts and gain the wholehearted support of the more sceptical among us. We are at present unable to aseess accurately the causes of wastage of young life, both in lower animals and in man; during pregnancy and in the neo-natal period. Statistics show that such wastage is serious. It is our task to try to find the part played by proper nutrition in ensuring normal pregnancy and viable healthy offspring.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the diagnostic value of color Doppler flow image (CDFI) for the diagnosis of Budd-Chiari syndrome (B-CS).

METHODS
CDFI findings of 35 patients with B-CS were retrospectively analyzed and compared with the findings of venography of inferior vena cava (IVC).

RESULTS
Thirty-four patients were diagnosed as B-CS by CDFI, while one patient with local tunica stenosis was misdiagnosed. The correct diagnostic rate was 97.1%. In the 34 patients, CDFI displayed stenosis or occlusion in the hepatic vein and IVC in 24 patients, IVC only in 8,and hepatic vein only in 2.

CONCLUSION
CDFI may be a principal non-invasive technique to diagnose B-CS.


This work reports on the effect of shellac coated hydroxyapatite (HA) on the biodegradation rate. The HA was processed from bovine bone. Shellac was derived from the resinous secretion of the lac insect. The aims of the addition of shellac solution is to know how the biodegradation rate material in the Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) solution. The four different of shellac solutions (2,5%; 5%; 7,5%; and 10% weight) coated HA scaffoldand one ratio as a control. It was concluded that the ability of biodegradation rate a materialwas not influenced by the ratio of shellac. All materials were biodegradedwhen they were soaked in PBS solution.


Confidence in combining inflation-targeting-cum-flexible-exchange-rate regimes with isolated micro prudential regulation as a means to guarantee both macroeconomic and financial stability has been shattered by the scale and synchronization of the asset price booms and busts that preceded the global financial crisis. It has now become clear that if monetary policy makers and prudential regulators are to succeed in achieving stability, there can be no complacency regarding asset price cycles. This note explores some of the ways in which monetary policy can address asset price booms and busts through its integration with macro prudential regulation.


Simple Summary The COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a substantial impact on small-scale broiler production systems in developing countries and put their supply chains at risk of disruption. Drawing on a survey of 205 small-scale commercial broiler farms (SCBFs) in Egypt, this study identifies the primary pathways through which the pandemic has affected these farms and investigates the determinants of their perception of COVID-19 effects. The empirical results revealed that the pandemic affected SCBFs heterogeneously based on their management and production systems and resource endowment. In particular, individually owned farms and those with membership of poultry producer organizations and larger total asset values perceived significantly fewer effects. In addition, SCBFs operating in both local and provincial markets were less likely to perceive negative effects from the pandemic. Despite that the adoption of strict containment measures was essential for protecting public health, our results indicate that policy responses to COVID-19 must consider the likely effects on small businesses such as SCBFs since disruptions to such socioeconomically important supply chains will intensify human suffering from the pandemic. These findings of our study provide important implications for enhancing the preparedness and resilience of small-scale broiler production systems in developing countries to future pandemics and natural hazards. Abstract As in many other countries, the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, together with subsequent government containment measures, posed significant challenges to small-scale broiler production systems in Egypt. Based on a survey of 205 specialist small-scale commercial broiler farms (SCBFs) consisting of both farm-based and household-based production systems, this study identifies the primary pathways through which COVID-19 has affected SCBFs and investigates the determinants of farm perception of these effects. A polychoric principal component analysis sorted the effects of the pandemic on the SCBFs surveyed into five categories, namely, input availability, production and operational costs, labor and human resources, consumer demand and sales, and farm finances. Next, five ordered logit models were constructed to examine the determinants of the SCBFs' perception of each category of these effects. Generally, the empirical results revealed that COVID-19 affected SCBFs heterogeneously based on their management and production systems and resource endowment. Female-led and household-based SCBFs perceived significantly greater COVID-19 effects. In contrast, individually owned farms and those with membership of poultry producer organizations and larger total asset values perceived fewer effects. In addition, SCBFs operating in both local and provincial markets were less likely to perceive negative effects from the pandemic on their broiler farming activities. Although the adoption of strict and immediate containment measures was essential for controlling the virus and protecting public health, our results indicate that policy responses to COVID-19 must consider the likely effects on small businesses such as SCBFs since disruptions to such socioeconomically important supply chains will intensify human suffering from the pandemic. Overall, our findings provide important implications for the formulation of effective strategies for mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on small-scale broiler production systems in Egypt and enhancing their preparedness and resilience to future pandemics, natural hazard risks, and market shocks.


According to Some Scholars Who Wrote on Risk-Taking, the Question Why Are There Multiple Prizes in Lottery Games Seems to Be - Quotes Milton Friedman - "One of the Chief Intellectual Issues Open in This Area". Elying on Brenner's (1983, 1985, 1987) Model, a Straightforward Explanation Can Be Given to the Existence of Both the Numerous Small Prizes and the Existence of a Number of a Larger Ones.


The processor simulator PROSIM introduces an alternative debugging and simulation technique beyond VHDL /Verilog simulation and an on-chip logic analyzer. The simulated architecture model of our embedded bytecode processor SHAP – described in a high-level architecture description language – provides critical insight into the running system for debugging, profiling as well as for feature exploration and evaluation.


One of the most appropriate environmental concepts for medical care is the healing environment whose basic principle is to create space that can generate positive values, provide fun experiences, reduce stress, offer comfort, appear hope and be the entertainment that can release from the experienced situation especially by the children. While the methodology in arranging this research is started from reviewing the references of hospital standards, child behavior, and healing environment theory. To obtain the reality, direct observation in the field and POE document of existing design object are conducted. After being analyzed from both of theory and reality, criteria is gained as the concept on how to engineer the hospital environment, especially in pediatrics. This research is expected to be useful and conducted for future development and prospects planning, both academically and practically, as well as provide solutions to design, environmental and regional issues related to the behavior and characteristics of hospital users, especially for pediatrics. Keywords— Environmental Engineering, children, Healing Environment, Behavior, Hospital Jurnal Technoper Vol. 1 ISSN 2579-356X


In order to achieve the function of active adjustment of primary reflector for the QiTai radio Telescope (QTT), a kind of high precision positioning actuator is designed and some performances of the prototype are tested. The actuator scheme adopts the stepping motor, angle sensor, ball screw and worm gear. The detail design and simulation for the key components are made, and their accuracy, electromagnetic compatibility and environmental adaptation are especially studied. Accuracy tests of prototypes are carried out, and the result indicates that the actuator can meet the requirement of positioning accuracy (15 μm). Moreover, the field test of environmental adaptability of actuator prototype has been carried out in Xinjiang for more than a year, and during the test the prototypes go well without any faults, they can meet the requirement of environmental suitability.


This article selects GCr18Mo steel to make an inner ring of rolling bearing. After isothermal quenching heat treatment, microstructure and mechanical properties are tested. The results show that microstructure and hardness from the surface to the core is uniform. The compositions are lower bainite and carbide, and both of them are small. The length-width ratio of lower bainite needle is about 10, and the average diameter of carbide in is 0.33μm. The hardness ranges from the surface to the core is between 715 HV and 755 HV, the average hardness of the inside and outside surface is 59.9HRC. Stress state of the surface is compressive stress and axial compressive stress is greater than the one of the hoop. Compressive stress in axial direction is about 588MPa, which is about 390MPa in the direction of the ring. After polishing, compressive stress in axial direction is about 483MPa, which is about 231MPa in the direction of the ring.


Unprecedented pillar[5]arene-isocyanide pseudorotaxane complexes are reported. Extensive 1H-NMR experiments reveal remarkably strong binding affinities of alkyl diisocyanide guests (Ka > 105 M-1 in CDCl3) by pillar[5]arenes. Characterised by multinuclear 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, it is demonstrated that pillar[5]arenes are capable of encapsulating a series of alkyl diisocyanides wherein either [2]- or [3]pseudorotaxanes can be formed by varying the alkyl chain length. Moreover, electron-deficient aryl isocyanides, are demonstrated to form inclusion complexes within the cavities of pillar[5]arenes stabilised by multiple C-H⋯π interactions.


This paper considers the problem of constructing a direct coupling quantum observer for a single qubit finite level quantum system plant. The proposed observer is a single mode linear quantum system which is shown to be able to estimate one of the plant variables in a time averaged sense.


We present the polarization results of sensitive low frequency WSRT observations of the cluster of galaxies Abell 2255. The RM cube at 350 MHz suggests that a conspicuous contribution to the polarized signal detected in the field of the cluster is due to our Galaxy. However, there are several cluster related features showing high polarization levels. Finally, we discuss a few issues related to the polarization calibration at low frequencies, that we faced during the reduction of the 150 MHz observations.


Introduction: Antibiotic resistance develops in human patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) with increased duration of stay. The major selection factor is the use of antimicrobial agents. The hypothesis tested in this study was that antimicrobial resistance in fecal E. coli isolated from dogs increased with increased length of stay in the ICU.

Methods: E. coli were isolated from rectal swabs collected on days 0 (D0, day of admission to the ICU), 3 (D3), 6 (D6), and 9 (D9) from all dogs housed in the ICU for 3 or more days. The E. coli were tested for resistance to nalidixic acid, enrofloxacin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftiofur, trimethoprim-sulfa, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, tetracycline, ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate. Thirty-two patients were included in the study, 17 with D0-D3 and 15 with D0-D6 E. coli isolates. Five E. coli strains were isolated each sampling day and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, resulting in a total of 60 outcomes per day per dog. The proportion of positive outcomes (resistance) was calculated for each day up to D6. Univariate ANOVA analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results: The proportion of positive outcomes (resistance) increased from 9.3% on D0 to 14.7% on D3 to 27.9% on D6. Resistance to the frequently used ampicillin increased in a linear manner with increased duration of stay. The proportion of ampicillin-resistant colonies increased from 19.6% on D0 to 39.1% on D3 to 68.7% on D6 (p=0.001). Resistance to the infrequently used amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, also increased significantly (p=0.026) and linearly. The increase in resistance to enrofloxacin was significant (p=0.046); but the increase in resistance to the precursor, nalidixic acid, was highly significant (p=0.020). No change in resistance to gentamicin was found. The remaining antibiotics tested showed an insignificant increase in resistance.

Conclusions: Resistance to antibiotics increased in dogs with duration of stay in the ICU for 3 or more days. This linear trend was most significant with penicillin-based beta-lactams, which are frequently used in the ICU. Consequently, critically ill dogs may be at increased risk for developing opportunistic infections, caused by multi-drug resistant organisms.


Bibliographical review on patents as a source of information for innovation in competitive environments, as well as a description of the advantages and limitations of their use as a source of information. The possible applications in the technical, scientific, commercial and legal fields are indentified and classified.  It refers to the work of the librarian related to the patents because its treatment requires knowledge of the profession. It is concluded that patents should be considered invaluable source of relevant information for competitiveness in organizations. However, their use has not been promoted accurately in developing countries like ours. This tendency should be corrected in order to make use of this resource for the development and innovation of our region.  It covers the material published from 1977 until September, 2009, of Latin America and Spain.