Barkov turned 80. These days he is a chief researcher at the G I Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). One of a galaxy of brilliant physicists of the first graduating class of the Physico-Technical Department of Moscow State University (today the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology), L M Barkov began to work at USSR Academy of Sciences Laboratory No. 2, which later became the worldwide-known I V Kurchatov Institute of Atomic Energy (today known as theRussianResearchCentre `Kurchatov Institute'), already when he was a second-year student. At the time, his interests lay in the field of measurements of the energy spectra of neutrons that emerge in the fission of uranium and plutonium isotopes and the study of their moderation and diffusion in uranium ±water systems. All this work was closely related to a plan of building uranium and heavy water nuclear reactors destined for defense industry and national economy. During the same period in his scientific career, Lev Barkov became interested in high-energy physics. From 1952 up to the end of the 1950s, he actively participated in work on measuring the pionization cross sections and studying the dynamics of interaction of low-energy pions in the Dubna phasotron. In these experiments, the Coulomb shift in the spectra of charged pions was discovered for the first time. The study of the physics of the interaction of pions and kaons was continued in experiments that used a propane bubble chamber in a pulsed magnetic field. Barkov's remarkable ability to find simple and ingenious solutions to complex problems, characteristic of all his subsequent work, considerably contributed to the success of the whole work. The year 1967 began a new period in the scientific career of L M Barkov: Gersh Itskovich Budker invited him to work in Novosibirsk at the rather recently organized Institute of Nuclear Physics (INP) of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Here he established a laboratory whose first goal was to continue research on the structure of hyperons. The experiment proposed by him to measure the magnetic moment of the Sÿ-hyperon, which utilized an electron beam extracted from a storage ring in the accelerator with colliding electron ± positron beams (VEPP-3), was based on using ultimately attainable magnetic fields of about one megagauss. To reach such fields, the newest ideas about magnetic explosion generators were utilized. Solid hydrogen was taken for the target, and the hyperon decay products were registered by nuclear photographic emulsion. Later on, the same method was employed in measurements of the magnetic moment of the L-hyperon at the Serpukhov U-70 proton accelerator. What was also measured was the antiproton production cross section for the interaction of high-energy protons with various nuclei. This was very important in view of the construction of the proton ± antiproton collider at CERN. In the mid-seventies, L M Barkov was eager to apply X-ray fluorescence elemental analysis via synchrotron radiation to find the island of stability for superheavy elements. He helped to design and build the world's first twenty-pole superconducting wiggler which made it possible to produce a 1.2-kW beam of X-ray synchrotron radiation, i.e., the brightness of the source in the X-ray range was increased by a factor of 200! At the same time, when work on building a new source of radiation was in progress, unique experimental facility for X-ray fluorescence analysis was under construction. This facility increased the sensitivity of the method by an additional factor of 100. Despite the fact that no superheavy elements were discovered in the experiments, Barkov's work contributed significantly to the development of the technology of generating synchrotron radiation and its applications in this country. Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk 178 (12) 1367 ± 1368 (2008) DOI: 10.3367/UFNr.0178.200812k.1367 Translated by E Yankovsky PERSONALIA PACS number: 01.60.+q


In Today's digital world biggest challenge is to reduce delay for increasing speed and efficiency of digital devices. In carry skip adder to achieve high speed we need to lower the path delay. Where, the carry generated should be driven to the output as fast as possible, thereby in results reduces the worst path delay which determines the ultimate corresponding speed of the digital structure. In Conventional Carry Skip Adder (Conv-CSKA), the speed enhancement parameter can be achieved by using concatenation and incrementation schemes. In this paper to achieve high speed, multiplexer logic in Conventional CSKA structure is replaced by AND-OR-INVERT (AOI) and OR-ANDINVERT (OAI) compound gates.


In 1789, the First Congress passed legislation calling for the construction of a lighthouse near the entrance of Chesapeake Bay "at such place . . . as the President of the United States shall direct." Thus began the first federally authorized public works project, which is known today as the Old Cape Henry Lighthouse.


This study explores spirituality in relation to quality of life for Chinese people with severe mental illness whose spiritual orientations are either similar to or different from Western traditions. 117 Chinese people with severe mental illness who were involved in community‐based supportive services in Hong Kong completed self‐administered questionnaires on spirituality and quality of life. Spirituality was found positively related to individual's quality of life. In particular, three elements of spirituality, tranquility, resistance to disorientation, and resilience were positively related to the domains of quality of life.


We examine the relation between audit committee (AC) responsibilities and financial reporting reliability. AC responsibilities have increased over time, prompting concerns that overloading ACs with duties unrelated to core financial reporting oversight may impair financial reporting. Using new AC charter-based proxies to measure AC responsibilities, we find that allocating non-core responsibilities to the AC is associated with reduced financial reporting reliability. This association is exacerbated when AC members are busy with multiple board appointments and ameliorated when ACs have more members to execute duties. In contrast, we find that having more core financial reporting-related AC responsibilities is associated with improved financial statement reliability; this association persists even when ACs have very high levels of reporting-related responsibilities. Collectively, our evidence suggests that non-core duties overload ACs and harm reporting reliability but increasing AC duties related to financial reporting does not appear to overload ACs nor detract from financial reporting reliability.


Sample 1066A-504 was sent to CODES Analytical Laboratories for mounting and analysis, to determine V content of the main mineral phases. A portion of the sample was washed with water to remove fine-grained clay components, mixed with epoxy resin, placed into 2.5 cm mount and polished for analysis. The sample was analysed by MLA to determine mineral proportions and provide liberation information, and by La-ICPMS to determine V content in the main mineral phases. Table 1 presents the summary of mineral proportions and V concentrations in the analysed sample. Based on these results, the total V content in the analysed sample is ~ 2500 ppm.


The presence of 'non-Western actors' in the Western Balkans has recently attracted the attention of policy-makers and academics alike, with the rise in prominence of non-EU countries coinciding with the weakening power of accession conditionality. While this trend was initially discussed in the context of a 'new Cold War' narrative, evidence-based research soon showed that this engagement is underpinned by particularistic interests at the top and 'corrosive capital'. The governance dimension is therefore essential in understanding the ties existing between the Balkan countries and the non-Western actors. Making use of primary and secondary data, this article compares the modus operandi of two non-EU actors in the region: Russia and the United Arab Emirates. It is argued that non-transparent business deals can stimulate a normative shift in the Western Balkans' political leadership away from pursuing the rule of law, and towards an authoritarian turn, while strengthening small circles of self-serving elites, at the expense of the citizenry at large. This is conceptualised as a 'vicious circle' of illiberalism and state capture, as viewed through the lens of corrosive capital.


This report describes successful angioplasty of a total coronary occlusion in a single-ostium coronary anomaly in a patient presenting with an acute myocar dial infarction.


Multilevel governance is widely recognized as one of the striking features of local development policy implementation and management. In Lombardia, Italy, this framework has been applied in the context of European Regional Development Fund actions in order to increase the number and quality of projects. As a consequence the governance of regional development policies now has new meta-actors: the Programmi Integrati per lo Sviluppo Locale (PISL) aimed at promoting and soliciting projects to be submitted for funding by the regional government. In this paper we evaluate the impact of this new governance structure by estimating a discrete choice model over a sample of more than 6000 projects submitted for funding to the Regional Government of Lombardia. We find that projects within the context of the PISL have a slightly greater probability of being funded, although we cannot exclude the existence of adverse selection because we also find that those projects are, on average, of lower quality from a purely formal viewpoint. We finally argue in favour of this new governance structure, even though we identify some critical points to be addressed in the next planning period in order to enhance the effectiveness of development policies.


Abstract A combined numerical approach featuring an immersed boundary and a cut cell method was implemented to discretize the conservation equations that model the discharge period of a solar energy accumulator based on phase change materials. The mathematical model consider three phases, i.e., the circulating fluid where a Low Reynolds model is used and the solid and liquid states of the phase change material for which a conjugate semi-implicit heat transfer scheme was implemented. Simulation results are compared with experimental data obtained from a laboratory scale solar accumulator containing paraffin wax as a phase change material finding good overall agreement.


Harmonic displacement of a parallel-plate electrostatic actuator up to 50% of the static pull-in displacement has been achieved despite the non-linear voltage-to-displacement function using a driving voltage with a pre-distorted waveform. The microstructure is fabricated in an epi-poly process and the circuit is implemented in a CMOS process and designed for operation of the MEMS in a frequency range up to 1 kHz. The pre-distorted waveform is synthesized using 16 samples per period with 16 non-uniformly spaced quantization levels, using a ladder with accurately scaled resistors. Harmonic actuation has been demonstrated with 34 dB reduction of second-order distortion compared to systems with sinusoidal actuation. The residual second harmonic content in the harmonic displacement is typically −42 dB.


January's massive earthquake 'A catastrophic set back' for the people of a failed State already hit by political instability, neglect and poverty.


We prove the existence and uniqueness of μ‐pseudo almost automorphic solution for a delayed non‐autonomous partial functional differential equation in the exponential dichotomic case, where the nonlinear operator F satisfies the φ‐Lipschitz condition and φ belongs to some admissible spaces. We further prove the existence of an invariant stable manifold around the μ‐pseudo almost automorphic solution in that case. An application is given to illustrate our theory.


The paper reviews the literature on the financial sector in Sub-Saharan Africa. It shows that there is a vast literature on the effects of financial liberalization in SSA. There is a general recognition in the literature that financial sector reforms did not generate the fruits expected. In this area, there is work from both the mainstream and heterodox schools attempting to understand the reasons for the failure of liberalization. Secondly there is a vast literature, again from both the mainstream and the heterodox school on micro finance and informal finance in SSA. The paper contends that in comparison, there is very little attention paid to the formal banking sector in SSA. The majority of studies in this area are from the mainstream school. The first set of studies consists of large Africa wide, econometric cross country studies that attempt to understand the links between finance and growth or the causes of fragility. These are misguided as they make no attempt to understand the individual country specific problems of different economies in SSA. Single country case studies consists of studies that follow a 'StructureConduct-Performance' paradigm where it is assumed that the poor performance of African banking and in particular high interest rate spreads can be attributed to high levels of concentration and low levels of competition. These are flawed in their very naïve understanding of competition. There are also country case studies that attempt to understand the efficiency of banks in SSA. This paper presents criticisms of these studies in terms of methodology. The paper asserts that in terms of heterodox work, particularly using qualitative data, there is very little work done on the formal financial sector in SS The paper then analysis qualitative interview data on lending decisions of banks in Kenya, in an attempt to give an alternative understanding of the sources of financial fragility in Kenya. The paper emphasizes the segmented nature of the banking sector in Kenya and how this segmentation is embedded in social relations and non-price factors. 2 In this paper I try to combine several chapters in my thesis. I apologise for the length, but I wanted to take this opportunity to get as many comments as possible. So, please do not hesitate to give me any comments. In section 12, I have condensed several theoretical concepts. I have discussed these in detail in my thesis and would be willing to share the relevant chapter with anyone who is interested. "A major irony of African development history is that the theories and models employed have largely come from outside the continent. No other region of the world has been so dominated by external ideas and models." Mkandawire and Soludo (1999 pp., vii) "African Studies enjoys an increasingly close connection with bilateral and multilateral development cooperation, providing research and researchers (along with their own conceptual frameworks and concerns) to assist in defining and providing direction for aid and related policies. This is leading to unhealthy practices, whereby African research is ignored in the formulation of international policies towards the continent; while external Africanists assume the function of interpreting the world to Africa, and vice versa. This dynamic reinforces existing asymmetries in capacity and influence, especially given the crisis of higher education in most African countries. It also undermines Africa's research community, in particular the scope for cross-national and international exchange and the engagement in broader development debates, with the result that those social scientists who have not succumbed to the consultancy market or sought career opportunities elsewhere are encouraged to focus on narrow empirical studies." Olukoshi (2006 pp., 533) Table of


Development of NIR Detectors and Science Requirments for SNAP by Matthew G. Brown Chair: Gregory Tarlé The SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) is an optical and near infrared space telescope designed to study the properties of dark energy with multiple techniques. One of SNAP's primary science goals is to constrain the dark energy equation of state using observations of thousands of type Ia supernovae from a redshift of 0.1−1.7. The highest redshift supernovae provide the most leverage on cosmology measurements since dark energy models, especially those with a time dependent equation of state, begin to diverge at redshifts greater than 1. For objects beyond a redshift of 1, the restframe optical light is shifted to the near infrared (NIR). The SNAP focal plane uses 36 visible CCD detectors and 36 hybridized HgCdTe detectors to achieve accurate measurements of both nearby and high redshift objects over a large field of view. The SNAP NIR detector development effort has succeeded in producing low noise, high quantum efficiency HgCdTe detectors. This work focuses on the characterization and simulation of NIR detectors properties, and the ability of SNAP to constrain the nature of dark energy. Simulations show that recently achieved increases in quantum efficiency lead to the largest gains in accuracy for supernova photometry. The best R&D detectors are approaching the performance of ideal (no noise, QE = 100%) NIR detectors for supernovae observations. Simulated uncertainties for type Ia supernovae are combined with results from cosmic microwave background observations and the SNAP weak lensing survey to constrain the dark energy equation of state. Supernovae alone cannot constrain the nature of dark energy with high accuracy. Independent measurements that have different systematic uncertainties and are sensitive to different combinations of cosmological parameters are needed to achieve the desired precision. With the currently achieved detector technology, the SNAP supernova and weak lensing surveys will constrain σw0 = 0.04 and σwa = 0.14.


The popularization and Application of network technology makes library's traditional service be impacted dramatically,and how the traditional library to deal with such impact has become a problem that the library science must deeply research.This paper discusses the psychological change of library users under network environment,and probes into some countermeasures that should be taken by the library in information service for promoting the development of librarianship.


A nonlinear evolution equation for propagation of surface waves in the Earth's atmosphere (named Lamb waves) is deduced. This equation allows the study of the transversal structure of harmonic or aleatory waves on the boundary (boundary condition). The transversal distribution of higher harmonics of these waves is studied.


Uncoupling Proteins are a family of integral proteins found on the inner mitochondrial membrane and are thought to uncouple fuel oxidation and ATP synthesis in mitochondria. Uncoupling Protein-2 (UCP2) is a member of this family. Intriguingly, increase in level of UCP2 expression is associated with metabolic reprogramming and the Warburg effect (switch from reliance on citric acid cycle to glycolysis for energy production) in cancer cells. A recent study by Vozza and co- workers (2014) revealed that UCP2 catalyses the export of C4 metabolites from the mitochondrial matrix into the cytosol. This new understanding of the function of UCP2 explains how it contributes to metabolic reprogramming and is of immense value in understanding the progression of cancer and other metabolic disorders, and ultimately in developing drugs to treat them.


Statistics on health expenditure "at constant prices" remain conspicuous for their inadequacy. Officially, figures are quickly available only in a highly aggregate form. Such figures for current and capital spending are published in the National Income Blue Book and are given a grading of B (±3% to 10%) by the Central Statistical Office.' On a disaggregated basis figures are available on expenditure by client group but these are inevitably slow to materialise and have undergone a long process of adjustment. Against this background of inadequate information, changes in expenditure at constant prices still remain a focus for debate and for decision by governments. Debate continues on the issue of whether Britain should raise spending in real terms relative to other countries. Decisions are made every year about how much to spend on the NHS. In other countries, such as the Netherlands or the United States, the total spent on health services is the outcome of many separate decisions taken by insurance funds and by large hospitals. It is not a real decision taken by government as such. In Britain the central Government has to make such a definite decision and in recent years it has also been showing much more concern about the division of this spending between regions and client groups. In this paper I have tried to provide some new information about the real meaning of changes in expenditure at constant prices. Governments have had freedom to vary this within a range of -2 to +5%. What have such variations meant in terms of changes in spending at the local level ? It could be that all items in health spending would show roughly the same change or there could be considerable differences in the growth of some types of spending. Our main focus is on long-term changes in the balance of spending since the 1960s and thus inevitably on hospital service expenditure. It is possible to produce a consistent series for hospital service expenditure using the older accounting methods: it would be much more difficult to produce a series for the NHS as constituted since 1974 on a client group basis. The hospital service is in any case by far the largest item in spending and the one that showed the fastest growth before 1974. Official figures for total revenue expenditure at constant prices are produced by using two main deflators: a single index of salaries and wages together with the health services (formerly hospital services) price index. The aim here is to produce more detailed figures. Figures on staff numbers (in whole-time equivalents) were used to adjust each of the main types of staff expenditure. This is a better way of getting at the true change at constant prices as it excludes the relative price effect. The manpower figures, however, are only available with such a long delay that they could not be used to produce the CSO's figures. For other types of spending the hospital price index was used together with the independent index of drug prices. Switch from support functions


CHESS has pioneered the development of X-ray Video Beam Position Monitors (VBPMs). Unlike traditional photoelectron beam position monitors that rely on photoelectrons generated by the fringe edges of the X-ray beam, with VBPMs we collect information from the whole cross-section of the X-ray beam. VBPMs can also give real-time shape/size information. We have developed three types of VBPMs: (1) VBPMs based on helium luminescence from the intense white X-ray beam. In this case the CCD camera is viewing the luminescence from the side. (2) VBPMs based on luminescence of a thin (~50 micron) CVD diamond sheet as the white beam passes through it. The CCD camera is placed outside the beam line vacuum and views the diamond fluorescence through a viewport. (3) Scatter-based VBPMs. In this case the white X-ray beam passes through a thin graphite filter or Be window. The scattered X-rays create an image of the beam's footprint on an X-ray sensitive fluorescent screen using a slit placed outside the beam line vacuum. For all VBPMs we use relatively inexpensive 1.3 Mega-pixel CCD cameras connected via USB to a Windows host for image acquisition and analysis. The VBPM host computers are networked and provide live images of the beam and streams of data about the beam position, profile and intensity to CHESS's signal logging system and to the CHESS operator. The operational use of VBPMs showed great advantage over the traditional BPMs by providing direct visual input for the CHESS operator. The VBPM precision in most cases is on the order of ~0.1 micron. On the down side, the data acquisition frequency (50-1000ms) is inferior to the photoelectron based BPMs. In the future with the use of more expensive fast cameras we will be able create VBPMs working in the few hundreds Hz scale.


This article compares entry to their first stable employment among young people in Estonia and Slovenia after the fall of Communism, when the two countries opted for two different models with regard to the organization of their educational systems. Results show that in Slovenia with the passage of time after the start of reforms, education—job linkages among young school leavers have become stronger. Those with vocational credentials and tertiary education have been able to secure their first stable employment more quickly than the rest. Ultimate losers of the transformation in Slovenia appear to be school leavers without any vocational training, whose first job entry chances have significantly deteriorated. In Estonia, on the other hand, school leavers, irrespective of their educational qualifications, hardly differ regarding the speed of entry to their first significant employment. Neither those with vocational credentials at the lower-secondary level, nor university graduates have been able to secure their first stable employment more quickly than the least educated. The analyses are conducted on the basis of the Labour Force Survey ad hoc module on school-to-work transitions applying event history techniques.


The structural and mechanical properties are investigated for the phases of superhard boron carbide, B4C, by performing DFT/PW91 level calculations. In addition to B12 icosahedra and CCC chains, we suggest new types of hypothetically stable rhombohedral structures of boron carbide, configurations that consist of one icosahedron, B11C, and a three‐atom chain such as CBC, CCB and BCC. Our results indicate that all phases are promising superhard materials, the hardness of all of them being greater than 40 GPa. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) induces remodelling of both channel conductance and intercellular coupling in the human atrium. Effects of these changes and their relative contributions to atrial impulse conduction during fibrillation are unknown. In this study we constructed a virtual human atrial strand by incorporating the Nygren et al model of human atrial action potential into a 1-dimensional reaction diffusion partial differential equation. Experimental data on AF-induced changes of human atrial ionic channel conductances and kinetics and gap junction coupling were incorporated into a model to investigate their contributions and relative importance on conduction velocity (CV) at different rates. At low rates (stimulus interval SI>270 ms), AF-induced channel or gap junction remodelling reduced CV significantly. At high rates (SI<270 ms), channel remodelling increased CV while gap junction remodelling reduced the CV. When combined, channel and gap junction remodelling reduced CV additively. Spatial heterogeneities in gap junction coupling can produce intermittent conduction block.


Parliamentary procedure is a widely used system of rules for group decision making. Software can help people engage formal group deliberation in familiar face-to-face settings, and can also enable computer-mediated online deliberation. This paper presents a reusable software module, Parliament , that implements the logic and bookkeeping of parliamentary procedure using a separately modifiable specification of the rules. A prototype application for supporting face-to-face meetings is described. Together with a working partial specification of Robert's Rules of Order, the application provides a demonstration and testbed for the module. Future directions are proposed for both the module and the prototype application, and some related work is mentioned.


The invention relates to a substrate to substrate connector (1). Two end portions of a socket (7) are each provided with a female side guide portion (8,8), and each female side guide portion (8,8) is provided with a guide hole (22). Two end portions of a plug (4) are each provided with a male side to-be guided body (9,9) which is in a jogged relationship with the guide hole (22). The plug (4) is provided with a male side reinforcing part (13) which is provided with a guide sheet (12) and is made of metal. The socket (7) is provided with female side reinforcing part (31) which is provided with a guide sheet (30) and is made of metal. The to-be guided sheet (12) and the guide sheet (30), at a side end edge portion of each other, are integrally provided with introduction and guide potions (14,32) so as to conduct the male side guide body (9) to the inner side of the guide sheet (30) via mutual impinging and sliding of the introduction and guide portions (14,32). The substrate to substrate connector can prevent damage of the female side guide portion and the male side guide portion, can properly locate, and is used for substrate connection.


Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) has promise to allow for data writing in hard disks of beyond 1 Tb/in2 areal density, by temporarily heating the area of a single datum to its Curie temperature while simultaneously applying a magnetic field from a conventional electromagnet. However, the metallic optical antenna or near-field transducer (NFT) used to apply the nano-scale heating to the media may self-heat by several hundreds of degrees. With the NFT reaching such extreme temperatures, demonstrations of HAMR technology observe write-head lifetimes that are orders of magnitude less than that required for commercial product. Hence, thermal reliability of the NFT is of upmost importance. In this paper, we first derive fundamental limits on the self-heating of the NFT to drive design choices for low temperature operation. Next, we employ Inverse Electromagnetic Design software, which provides deterministic gradient-based optimization of electromagnetic structures with thousands of degrees of freedom using the adjoint method. The Inverse Design software solves for unintuitive solutions to Maxwells equations, and we present computationally generated structures for HAMR write-heads that offer a 40 percent or 170 C reduction in NFT self-heating compared to typical industry designs.


Nubi is a language with culminative word prominence, spoken in Uganda and Kenya. The prominence, or accent, falls within a right-edge three-syllable window, and at the phrasal level deaccenting and rhythm-related accent shift occur in specific phonological and morphological contexts. Since accent is used to express morphological categories, and deaccenting and accent shift are morphologically conditioned, the functional load of accent is comparable to that of morphologically conditioned stress in other languages. Accented syllables are associated with H tones, with default L tones appearing between them. Typologically, Nubi is not a stress-accent language, because unlike for example English, it has no stress distinctions independently of the distinction between accented and unaccented syllables. It is also non-tonal, because accent marking is not lexically idiosyncratic, and because it has no option other than to supply a H tone is accented syllables, it is unlike a prototypical intonation language that has pitch accents with discoursal meanings.


It is known that the Abel's test is quite powerful for testing the convergence of an infinite series. In this note, we shall see how one may incorporate the derivative form of the integral test with Abel's test to obtain some additional results. We shall also see how the computer algebra system, Maple, could help us make educated conjectures on checking if the conditions of the theorems are met which will enable us to determine the convergence of a given series.


Cross-border sales of prescription drugs to U.S. patients by Canadian internet pharmacies have generated significant controversy in the U.S. and Canada. Violative of U.S. drug legislation and of Canadian professional codes of conduct, cross-border pharmacy has nonetheless flourished in response to strong demand and incomplete enforcement. Proponents laud the greater affordability of drugs for U.S. customers; opponents decry the practice as unsafe for U.S. patients, economically ill-advised, and ultimately contrary to Canadian interests. This article evaluates the safety arguments put forward by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and others and concludes that these concerns, though valid, do not justify the current U.S. prohibition on prescription drug imports from Canada. Similarly, professional regulatory bodies' objections to the participation of Canadian doctors and pharmacists in cross-border pharmacy are misplaced. More compelling are the economic arguments against cross-border pharmacy, though even here opponents assume normative positions that should be explicitly defined and socially determined. Finally, however, the article acknowledges that Canada may be compelled by real-world circumstances to curtail cross-border pharmacy in order to safeguard domestic drug supplies.


Methods: We studied 39 ambulatory heart failure patients (age, 77.9±6.5; male, 17 (43.6%)) and 39 age and gender-matched, community-dwelling, elderly subjects. Clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic evaluations were performed. Dual-energy X- ray absorptiometry was performed to assess the body composition. Exercise capacity was measured by a six-minute walk test. Comprehensive geriatric assessments were also performed to evaluate comorbidity, medication, physical function, cog- nitive function, and nutritional status. Results: Skeletal muscle mass of heart failure patients showed no differences when compared with that of age- and gen- der-matched control subjects in any part of the body or in the whole body. Although diastolic heart failure patients showed lower levels of skeletal muscle mass than systolic heart failure patients, no significant difference was identified in either systolic or diastolic heart failure patients compared with respective age- and gender-matched control groups. The six-minute walk distances showed no difference between the groups (257.2±117.8 m in the diastolic heart failure group versus 302.7± 109.4 m in the systolic heart failure group, p=0.226). Conclusion: Although skeletal muscle mass has been known to be an independent factor associated with exercise capa- city in advanced heart failure patients, skeletal muscle mass was not decreased in ambulatory, elderly heart failure patients when comparing age- and gender-matched control subjects.


The pancreas comprises exocrine and endocrine compartments, with the latter comprising the pancreatic islet with its endocrine cells. In both type1 and type2 diabetes, several morphological changes occur in the pancreas, but the predominant feature of beta cell loss. Our aim of this study is to find out of histopathological changes in pancreas due to diabetes and correlate it with clinical findings. Methods: A prospective study was done on 50 autopsy specimens of pancreas. Specimens were fixed in formalin and tissue was adequately processed. The sections were stained with routine haematoxylene and eosin stain. Results: In our study 86% cases were of T1DM and 14% of T2DM. Most common age group was between 40-60 years (62% cases). 68% cases had duration of DM of 10-20 years. On histopathological examination, 85% Cases of T1DM revealed cytolysis and inflammation in exocrine pancreas. In cases of T2DM cytolysis was seen in 32% cases, inflammation in 25% and fibrosis in 16% cases.. Fibrosis was present in 14% cases of T1DM and 25% cases of T2DM in endocrine pancreas. Insulitis in endocrine pancreas was seen in 85% cases of T1DM and 34% cases of T2DM. Thus, the most common finding was reduced beta cell mass in T2DM and insulitis in T1DM. Findings were correlated with age, sex and duration of diabetes. Conclusion: With increasing incidence of diabetes knowledge of pathogenesis of changes due to diabetes in pancreas may lead to research of further targeted therapy in better management of diabetes in future. Changes that occur in pancreas due to diabetes are more evident in long standing diabetes and early changes are not evident in routine histopathological sections.


The author briefly reviews the literature on the relationship between the administration of phenothiazines and the appearance of tardive dyskinesia. He presents three case reports which illustrate that the relationship is not understood well enough to justify labeling tardive dyskinesia as a side effect of phenothiazines.


A Thesis in the Department of MATHEMATICS EDUCATION, faculty of
SCIENCE EDUCATION. Submitted to the School of Research and Graduate
Studies, University of Education, Winneba, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for
the award of the degree of MASTER OF EDUCATION in MATHEMATICS


Walden (1854) is a seminal text of American literature. Even Americans who haven't read Henry David Thoreau's book know that he built a cabin on the shore of Walden Pond and lived there in solitude. They may also know that Thoreau refused to pay a poll tax and landed in jail or, more amusingly, that while living at Walden, he paid regular visits to his mother's house in Concord for a free hot meal. But most first-time readers of Walden are surprised to learn how many visitors, expected and unexpected, turned up at his cabin, or how many chapters contain facts of natural history, or how interested Thoreau was in the history of the region, including past residents who had been freed black slaves. Whether you're a first-time reader or you've read the book many times, Walden is full of surprises—of maxims you've heard but never thought much about, of anecdotes you think you've read but don't quite remember, of internal paradoxes and self-contradictions. Robert B. Ray's Walden x 40 explores the richness of Thoreau's book—not by analyzing it holistically, but by offering forty short essays on different aspects of the book. Ray arranges the essays alphabetically from A ("Adventure," "Ants," "Awake") to Z ("Zanzibar"). He includes short meditations on words (what does it mean that Thoreau called his life at Walden an "experiment" rather than a "trip," "sojourn," or "residence"?), on dates (is it significant that Thoreau moved to Walden on Independence Day, July 4, 1845?), and on numbers (2,000: population of Concord during Thoreau's stay at the pond; 2 years, 2 months, 2 days: length of Thoreau's stay at Walden—and so on). He provides extended analyses of the key principles by which Thoreau tried to live: In "Drummer," "If a man does not keep pace with his companions perhaps it is because he hears a different drummer," or in "Awake," "We must learn to reawaken and keep ourselves awake, not by mechanical aids, but by an infinite expectation of the dawn." And Ray has some genuinely quirky entries— "Idleness," "Kittybenders," "Stripped"—that get at the paradoxes of Thoreau's life and philosophy, including the tension between a desire "to live deliberately" and confront "the essential facts of life" versus a tendency to while away time, sitting in his sunny doorway "from sunrise to noon, rapt in a revery." (Thoreau puts this tension succinctly in the chapter "Brute Neighbors": "Shall I go to heaven or a-fishing?") In his introduction, Ray suggests that we take Thoreau at his word and try an experimental method of reading Walden "that relies on fragments left as fragments." Accordingly, Ray builds his essays on short excerpts and encourages us to dip into his own book as if it were "an assemblage of discontinuous, individual shots." Yet if you read Walden x 40 sequentially (or just regularly over the course of a few days), you'll find recurring themes in Ray's conception of Thoreau and his book. You'll read about Ralph Waldo Emerson's philosophical influence and Thoreau's need to break from it. You'll read about a transcendental method that seeks for higher meaning in earthly phenomena versus a scientific desire to record pure description for its own sake. Ultimately, you'll get a sense that Ray views Walden as a book with a split personality, a work divided between its initial chapters, "Economy" and "Where I Lived and What I Lived For," which read like a sermon or an instruction manual, and its later chapters of disconnected facts, which reveal Thoreau's difficulty in shaping his journal entries into a coherent book.


Ejection-fraction measurement is commonly used to help predict prognosis in survivors of acute myocardial infarction. However, this index varies depending on the patient's volume status, and …


Polyether type polyurethane elastomer( PUE) was prepared with polyether polyols,2,4-toluene diisocyanate and 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethane as raw material by adding different hydrophobic substances. The effects of different hydrophobic substances and the relative molecular mass of polyether polyol on mechanical properties and surface performance of the PUE were investigated,the microstructure of the PUE was characterized by Flourier transform infrared spectroscopy,and the dynamic mechanical properties of the PUE was studied. The results showed that in the PUE which were added respectively with four kinds of hydrophobic substances including fluorocarbon additive( GKF 01), polyether-modified polydimethylsiloxane,silicone-modified acrylate and octafluoropentanol,the PUE with GK-F 01 had the biggest contact angle and slightly lower Shore A hardness,tensile strength and tear strength. When the mass fraction of —NCO was 6. 0%,that of GK-F 01 1. 0% and the relatively molecular mass of the polyether polyol 1 500,the surface performance of the prepared PUE was the best,the contact angle with water reached up to101. 2°. With the increase of GK-F 01,the internal friction of the PUE reduced,so that the low temperature performance was improved.


In recent years, due to the development of spatial econometrics, to study the innovation agglomeration with the view of space angle is attracting more attention. Based on 31 provinces in mainland China in 2004-2013 of the patent grant data using spatial econometric knowledge to analyze spatial agglomeration of innovation output, the results showed that: The innovation output is imbalance, the eastern coastal region innovation level is far greater than the Midwest, and the polarization phenomenon aggravates gradually; from the Moran's I index, innovation output is positive related in the space, and the geographical agglomeration phenomenon is not a random distribution, but there are specific rules; Durbin model shows that the area around the region has a significant impact on innovation output, and further calculates the strength of the influence of space effect. At last, this paper puts forward policy suggestions to improve innovation ability and make the balanced development of regional innovation.


Wet distillers by-products from wheat based ethanol production and wet brewers grains (WBG) were evaluated as supplements in feedlot and grazing cattle diets. A feedlot experiment used canola meal, WBG and wet distillers grains (WDG) as protein supplements during the growing period. Three diets (control, WBG and WDG) were used in a completely randomized design experiment. Average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), ultrasonic back fat thickness (USFAT) and ultrasonic ribeye area (USREA) were measured throughout the trial. Carcass fat thickness and composition were measured after slaughter. During the growing period ADG and DMI were similar across all the treatments, however, steers fed WBG diet tended (P<0.10) to have better feed conversions than control fed steers. During the finishing phase the control fed steers grew faster (P<0.05) than the WBG fed steers. Wet distillers grains fed cattle were intermediate. Fat and muscle deposition and carcass characteristics were similar across treatments. However, carcass composition indicated that WDG steers had more (P<0.01) intermuscular fat than control and WBG and WBG had more subcutaneous fat (P<0.02) compared to the WDG group. These results indicate that WDG and WBG may be used to replace standard feed ingredients in the grower ration. An in situ nylon bag experiment was used to determine the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation from WBG and WDG collected during (WBGT; WDGT) and after (WBGP; WDGP) the trial. A completely randomized design experiment was used with one fistulated cow and four feed samples. Three separate days were used to


Abstract : Functional operational command and control is an absolute necessity for the successful employment of sustained combat operations. During the past ten years, "revolutionary" changes have occurred in the conduct of war. Airpower seems to have become the weapon of choice. Airpower, directed onto targets by Special Operations Forces (SOF), produced devastating results against the Taliban during Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF). The command and control (C2) network for the war in Afghanistan has functioned well. Although the Joint Force Commander (JFC), the Joint Force Air Component Commander (JFACC), and the combat ground and air assets were geographically separated by thousands of miles, our high-tech command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISk) network overcame the traditional limitations of geographically separated C2. While our C4ISk capabilities are a tremendous asset, they are also a potential Achilles heel. Could a resourceful, asymmetric opponent disrupt and degrade our C4ISk network, ultimately rendering theater C2 ineffective?


Aims/hypothesis: Poor glycemic control at conception, a strong risk factor for birth defects, is frequently
attributed to low rates of pre-conceptual counseling. The objective of this study was to determine if counseling during a first pregnancy with diabetes improved glycemic control at conception in subsequent pregnancies.
Methods: Case controlled. 71 diabetic women previously followed during pregnancy at a single tertiary center were divided into two groups, those with diabetes at the start of a previous pregnancy, and those without. The two groups were compared for glycemic control at conception; hemoglobin A1C ≥ 7 was considered poor control. The two groups were also compared for very poor control (hemoglobin A1C ≥ 9), pre-conceptual counseling, and preconceptual folic acid use.
Results: Poor glycemic control at conception was as prevalent in the 29 previous diabetic patients as in the 42 first-time diabetic patients (51.7% vs. 57.1%, p=0.7). There was no difference in the proportion of diabetic patients with very poor control (17.2% vs. 23.8%, p=0.5), pre-conceptual counseling (6.9% vs. 4.8%, p=1.0) and folic acid use (32.1% vs. 31.0%, p=0.9).
Conclusions/interpretation: Previous pregnancy affected by diabetes did not improve glycemic control in a subsequent pregnancy. Expanding the counseling these patients receive in our institution should be considered.


Design technology co-optimization (DTCO) has been a workhorse in optimizing logic technology innovations for a few generations now. With increased complexity associated with each new node and the growing number of technological innovations, it is time to expand the conventional DTCO flows. In this article, we present a novel materials to systems co-optimization (MSCO) platform, expanding the boundaries of traditional DTCO to encompass materials modeling to all the way to system design. To demonstrate the application of our MSCO platform, we discuss various front-end-of-line (FEOL) and middle-of-line (MOL)/back-end-of-line (BEOL) technologies and show their impact on device and circuit performance.


. Summary polysaccharide (SP) of water extraction from Furcellaria lumbricalis is characterized by physical methods (**C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis). The polysaccharic and inorganic parts of SP were analysed. The composition of SP appears tobe much more complicated than described earlier. Furcellaran cannot be divided into fractions (except the kappa fraction) on the basis of solubility in KCI solution; no iota fragments are present in this polysaccharide.


Educational Research (ER) is yet to be well established in many Asian countries and its requirements, obligations, advantages on teaching-leaning methods are yet to be fully exploited and acknowledged. Creating awareness of ER and receiving opinions on the existing trends and gaps in ER and its subdivisions may invoke interest in participants on what can be done in future and provide wider prospective and outlook on the potentials of medical ER. Methodology: Cross-sectional study design was used to survey 36 fellows and faculty on the PSG – FAIMER list server. Results: Overall response was 58% (36 out of 62). All respondents were involved in ER and were looking forward to disseminate the benefits of it. While there was full consensus that teaching-methodologies were part of ER, all the participants were not aware of the existence of curriculum, assessment and attitudes of students under ER. 40% of respondents felt the need to incorporate ER in the curriculum and around 37% wanted to further train themselves through on-line sessions. Conclusion: This study has shown that regulatory and institutional supports are likely to motivate the medical faculty in accepting and pursuing ER.


Room geometry estimation from corresponding Room Impulse Responses (RIRs) has attracted much attention in recent years, and a key challenge is to find the first order image source locations from the RIRs under different environments. Unlike the existing approaches which require a priori knowledge of the room or require some ideal conditions, this paper proposes an intuitive geometrical method based on the acoustical image source model. The proposed approach does not need any a priori knowledge of the room, only the RIRs from one arbitrary source location to five arbitrary receiving locations. The first order image sources of the walls in a room are identified first, then the room geometry is estimated based on the wall locations using a geometrical approach. Simulations with 2D and 3D convex polyhedral rooms demonstrate the feasibility and the precision of the proposed approach is discussed.


The article reconstructs the social portrait of honorary members and doctors of the Kharkiv Imperial University in 1804–1917 (from its foundation till the Russian Empire collapse). The research is based on rare sources. All honorary members and doctors were analyzed from the social, national, occupational and other perspectives. We verified 255 persons with honorary university titles. In some cases, no important biography features resulted in the incomplete problem reflection. However, it did not prevent us from summarizing obvious trends in the imperial and Ukrainian higher education. In particular, the rate of honorary title conferment differs in various periods: the lowest amount for the 1870s and the 1910s, the highest amount for the university first years and the 1850s. Most honorary members and doctors of the Kharkiv Imperial University came from nobles, clergies and petits bourgeois. Sometimes, peasants were represented as well. Ethnically, most members and doctors were Russians or foreigners. Ukrainians covered under a quarter of them. In general, the honorary staff of the Kharkiv Imperial University reflected main development trends of the imperial higher education.


This essay engages in the debate in feminist theology over the adequacy of the category of kenosis for interpreting women's experience. It does so by looking at a particular exchange between two British theologians, Daphne Hampson and Sarah Coakley. The paper expands on Coakley's understanding of kenosis as "power–in–vulnerability", through an analysis of the trinitarian theology of Hans Urs von Balthasar. Von Balthasar's trinitarian understanding of kenotic personhood is then correlated to situations of abuse in order to illustrate the adequacy of such an understanding toward accounting for the healing in abused victims. The final section will argue that feminist interests in otherness, specificity, diversity, uniqueness, relationality and embodiment require a trinitarian notion of kenosis as self–giving and receptivity.


We numerically and experimentally studied the electromagnetic characteristics of a suitably designed planar metamaterial which composed of cross hollow structures. The results show that two sharp transmission dips with quality factors of 7.93 and 19.3 can be generated in the microwave region under the excitation of normal incident electromagnetic wave. And if its surface is covered by 2 mm thick analyte, both of the two transmission dips show linearly spectral shift with the change of the analytes' refractive index. Using the two resonances as the identifiers, the calculated average refractive index sensitivities are 1.116 GHz/refractive index unit (RIU) and 2.357 GHz/RIU, with corresponding figure of merits (FOM) of 1.87 and 4.9. It offers a potential for sensing detection and provides a reliable reference for the design of excellent plasmonic sensors.


Patient 1 A 5-month-old girl was admitted with a 3-month history ofunexplained fever that ranged from 37EC39.6EC. She was born at term after an uncomplicated pregnancy and normal delivery. Her weight at birth was 3,200 g. There was no family history of renal disease or parental consanguinity. She had continued to feed normally but failed to thrive. Social smile appeared at 4 months, but she was unable to hold her head up or turn from prone to supine position. On examination she was alert and did not appear ill. Weight was 4,200 g, length 56 cm, and head circumfer-


Since bourdieu formally put forward the modern, systematic social capital theory in the 1980s, social capital theory has become a hot topic for western economists, political scientists, sociologists and other scholars to study. After James S.Coleman will be in the perspective of human capital development, Robert D.Putnam it deepen the meaning of organization and so on various aspects of academic inquiry, social capital theory has become the west since the ninety s important analysis tool system, humanities and social sciences as the western related research provides inspirational theoretical basis. It is obvious that scholars at home and abroad have noticed the possibility of a connection between social capital and subjective well-being after the introduction of such subjective category theories as rational selectivity and subjectivism into the study of social capital theory, and have conducted researches from multiple perspectives. By searching, sorting, analysis of the existing research results, understanding of social capital and subjective well-being research development level in the forefront of the debate, the frontier theory, advantage and disadvantage of existing studies, promote our country social capital growth for this new era, people's subjective well-being enhance, promote academic research fields related to deepen the practice to provide literature basis, should be when we want.


This paper gives a short overview of the financial world affected through COVID-19. To be more precise, it is about the changing (negative) interest rates of Europe, the US as well as India. At the same time, the paper discusses the Bitcoin exchange rate as well as the current situation regarding money laundering. © 2022 Author(s).


Terrorism phenomena that is classified as one of the most serious threat of today. Research and development of counter-terrorism strategies have become a part of international and national organizations and private company policy. Czech Republic is a region that would not be threatened by international terrorism, but extremism and terrorism is considered as significant security threat by Czech authorities. At the national and international level, the issue of extremism and terrorism is increasingly studied using game theory. Authors argue that it is not possible to examine various conflict participants, without consideration of their reaction and interaction. Game Theory is a tool that allows to analyze individual decisions, so it is increasingly being used in development of security strategies. This work deals with the Czech extremist and terrorist scene and possible terrorist attack on a regional company. Based on available information obtained by analyzing domestic extremism and terrorism, and a description of the chosen company there was designed model of security scenarios and rules, which can be used as a support tool for decision-making. The scenarios were then tested with a suitable part of Game Theory. Key-Words: -Terrorism, Game Theory, management, crisis, Prisoner ́s dilemma, security, scenario, rules


The invention relates to a lacrimal passage tube for an eye. The lacrimal passage tube comprises a tube body, a needle core and a needle core inlet, wherein the needle core inlet is arranged on the tube body; the needle core comprises a liquid injecting port and a liquid discharging hole; the needle core is inserted into the tube body through the needle core inlet; a side hole is formed at a position on the tube body which is close to the liquid discharging hole; and the liquid injecting hole of the needle core is exposed outside the tube body. The lacrimal passage tube disclosed by the invention has the advantages of safety and reliability of use, convenience for operating and wide application.


Summary

Data from one apparent crossover between S and H, two between PHI and HAL on one side and S on the other, and one between PHI on one side and HAL, S and H on the other, indicate a gene order in pigs of Phi-Hal-S-H-Pgd for genes for PHI, halothane sensitivity, inhibition of expression of A and O, H red blood cell antigens and 6-PGD types.

Rasmusen et al. (1980) provided data for a gene order in pigs ofPhi-Hal-H-Pgd for genes for phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) isozyme variants, halothane sensitivity (HAL), H red cell antigens and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) variants, and suggested that there might be a locus for a gene for inhibition of expression of A and O separate from the locus for H. This is contrary to an earlier proposal by Rasmusen (1972) that the H-system genotype directly influences expression of A and O. Imlah (1980) suggested that the recessive gene for halothane sensitivity has a suppressant effect on the expression of A and O. Andresen (1981) proposed that the locus for inhibition of A and O (for which Rasmusen, 1964, proposed the symbol S) was between the loci for HAL and H types. Data presented in Table 1, which includes haplotypes for three recombinant offspring described by Rasmusen et al. (1980) (883-1, 233-3 and 3864-1) as well as one other recombinant (296-2) provide evidence for the gene order for five genes proposed by Andresen. Types for 6-PGD are listed for all pigs, although they do not provide evidence for gene order in these cases.

Male 883-1 (Table 1, and Rasmusen et al., 1980, Table 5) provided the original evidence for recombination between S and H. His phenotype, as well as his genotype as revealed by progeny test (Rasmusen et al., 1980, Table 6) indicated that recombination had occurred between the genes for PHI, HAL and S and the gene for H type in his dam, so that the S locus mapped between H and the loci for the other three traits. The phenotype of one of his sons (233-3, Table 1, and Rasmusen et al., 1980, Table 6) indicated that there had been a recombination between genes for PHI and HAL types on one side and S and H types on the other, providing evidence that the S locus was separate from PHI and HAL as well as H. Another pig listed in Table 1,3864-1, was also described by Rasmusen et al. (1980, Table 9) as a recombinant. This pig provides evidence for recombination between PHI on one side and HAL, S and H on the other, establishing a gene order of Phi-Hal-S-H-Pgd. The last pig listed in Table 1,296-2, is a recombinant comparable to 233-3. The H type of his dam provides markers indicating the recombination was between PHI and HAL on one side and S and H on the other, although the unusual expression of HAL phenotype in both parents of 296-2 makes her haplotypes somewhat uncertain. (Recombination may have been between PHI and HAL rather than as indicated in Table 1.)

In spite of incomplete penetrance for HAL (Ollivier et al., 1975; Smith & Bampton, 1977) which makes haplotypes for HAL questionable in some cases, the other genetic markers available are useful to show that recombination has taken place. Without considering the results of halothane testing, if the apparent recombinants are accepted as being as indicated, the order of the genes at the other four loci seems established. Alleles for S types appear to be separable by recombination from those for PHI and H, and the S locus appears to be between the loci for PHI and H. For the five loci, data obtained thus far are cohsistent with a gene order of Phi-Hal-S-H-Pgd.


Objective. To evaluate clinical and laboratory changes in patients with acne tarda. Acne is a common chronic inflammatory disease that develops on the seborrheic areas of the skin in the form of comedones, follicular papules and pustules, as well as nodes. Acne is mainly formed at puberty, but can also be observed at an older age, later acne (acne tarda), as a rule, occurs in women. At the age of 25, 45 % of women suffer from acne, at the age of 3140 acne, is observed in 26 % of women, premenstrual acne periodically occurs in 78 % of women of different ages.
Materials and methods. The study involved 62 women aged 3045 years, who formed two groups: group I included 30 patients with acne tarda, group II consisted of 32 women without acne acne tarda. The study included the investigation of complaints and anamnesis of disease and life, assessment of general and dermatological status, general blood and urine tests, biochemical blood analysis with indicators of lipid spectrum, carbohydrate metabolism, liver enzymes, pituitary hormones (LH, FSH, prolactin, TSH) and sex hormones. The methods of parametric and nonparametric statistics were used to analyze the data obtained, standard error (m) was used in the calculations, the level of statistical significance was noted at p 0.05.
Results. Most of the patients with acne tarda had a history of pubertal acne and acne in relatives. Among them changes in lipid metabolism were detected significantly more often, primarily an increase in the level of leptin (46.7 9.1 %) (p 0.05), as well as hyperlipidemia and elevated atherogenicity index. Ovarian pathology was also significantly more often observed in patients with acne tarda, mainly in the form of functional cysts (53.3 9.1 %) (p 0.05), and an increase in progesterone levels (80.0 7.3 %) (p 0.05). There were no significant differences in other sex hormones and pituitary hormones, indicators of carbohydrate metabolism and the function of hepatobiliary system in patients with acne tarda and without it.
Conclusions. Acne tarda develops mainly in women with a pubertal acne in anamnesis and a burdened heredity of acne. The disease is accompanied by a change in lipid metabolism, especially an increase in the blood leptin level, and proceeds against the background of hormonal homeostasis disorders in the form of hyperprogesteronemia with the formation of functional ovarian cysts.


Historical novel, as a special genre formation born of Romanticism, has become an artistic tool for the reproduction of the past, its discovery and invention. Historical prose is the literary space where two worldview narrative strategies intersect, overlap, and sometimes collide: these are history that (in its academic sense) seeks to recreate the 'true past', and literature, which is a particular representation and development of the world.  Historical prose of Ukrainian emigration appears as a fairly integral literary and aesthetic phenomenon during two interwar decades of the 20th century and ends at the border of the 1990s — aft er Ukraine gained its independence. For nations that lost their statehood, the return of the past, its glorification is an important means of forming national identity and self-consciousness. The historical novel of the Ukrainian emigration is a relentless attempt to root its next generations in the national tradition of collective memory.
In general, for societies in which the state tradition has been interrupted, historical prose can be an essential factor in restoring / maintaining national memory, as well as a means of creating national myths, projecting the past into modern problems of a stateless nation, and preserving national traditions. The historical prose of the Ukrainian emigration was actually focused on these aims, taking responsibility for the nationalist and philosophic perspective rooted in the past in order to preserve and increase it in the future.  The aspiration and experience of Ukrainian emigration in other countries carries a number of tasks that it set for itself. Th ese were, in particular, the preservation of the native language, culture, and creative activity, including historical prose on the themes prohibited in the mainland literature, the formation of the strategy of collective memory through historical prose.


The invention provides a method for compressing an image. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, selecting local image data which corresponds to a plurality of pixel gray values; then calculating the difference value between the maximum gray value and the minimum gray value in the pixel gray values; deciding a coding mode according to the difference value between the maximum gray value and the minimum gray value, and making the coding mode correspond to a weight value; calculating the difference value between one pixel gray value and the minimum gray value; and dividing the weight value according to the difference value to obtain a quotient so as to calculate the compression value corresponding to the pixel gray value.


This paper discusses the integrative connotation,requirement,work responsibility,work arrangement,project,scientific discussion,system,supportive and guarantee system of training,science and medical treatment,put forwards theoretical frame system and mode of practical operation.


The study sought to fill an information gap of streamlining productive processes in the implementation of differential advantage approach in Kenya OVOP projects. Since the adoption of One Village One Product (OVOP) movement has been faced with implementation challenges, inadequate resources, and capacities inhibiting its momentum in Kenya. Similarly, lack of political commitment, leadership and mutual cooperation among different actors in shared value of productivity, seems to be a major hindrance for OVOP drive in Kenya. It therefore suggest that lack of deep understanding of the critical role of productive processes for effective implementation of differential advantage approach was the study's knowledge gap tried to fill. The overall objective of the study was to examine the role of productive processes on the implementation of differential advantage approach in OVOP projects with the view of deepening our understanding requisite conditions for successive implementation process of the approach. The study took place in three pioneer districts adopted OVOP project: Nyeri North, Laikipia West and Yatta. The study unit of analysis was OVOP projects based on convergence and social development theories. The study was a descriptive case design. A sample of 72 individuals was selected through quota sampling on the ground of pre-specified characteristics. Questionnaires, interviews guides, FGDs and observations were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. A literal replication analysis was also involved to confirm predicted propositions through pattern matching and generalizing results. The study recommended the establishment of county coordinating organ with chain champion and make Kenyan typical villages as OVOP units instead of current self-interest groups or projects. It was therefore hoped that the lesson provided may be useful for the implementation of rural development approaches to county governments and regional planners.

 Key words: Industrial clustering, specialized industrialization, culture economy.


This article contextualizes the origins and development of Joseph Smith's secretive Council of Fifty, a clandestine assembly whose minutes were sequestered from public access since their creation in 1844 and were only made available in September 2016. Organized by Smith, the founding prophet of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, only months before his death at the hands of a mob in June 1844, the council was destined to introduce a new form of world governance. Colloquially named the "Council of Fifty," it blended democratic principles with theocratic rule. More than a significant moment in the development of America's largest home-grown religion, however, Joseph Smith's controversial organization and the ideals it represented hint at broader anxieties over the nation's cultural disunity and democratic excesses in the wake of disestablishment. While many embraced the democratization of religious authority, the Mormons and some of their contemporaries countered that it only introduced cultural and political chaos. Examining how groups such as the Mormons grappled with these implications—through orchestrated electoral participation, appeals to higher laws, and revisions to democratized authoritative structures—sheds light on this dynamic challenge of political self-rule during America's antebellum period.


typically a Ag/AgCl electrode familiar in electro-physiology. The working electrode (so called because electrochemical reactions of interest "work" at its surface) is a highly inert material like platinum, gold or graphite. As E.,p|) varies, electroactive species near the electrode surface can either gain electrons (reduction) or lose them (oxidation) to the electrode and a current flow results. The circuit of Figure 1 is easily modified to automatically record Eapp-current curves called voltammo-grams. In actual practice the simple circuit is usually replaced by an all electronic or computer-controlled potentiostat. The potentiostat maintains dynamic control of E-^p at the working electrode with respect to the reference via a third auxiliary electrode. The potentiostat is similar in nature to, and serves the same purpose as, the classical voltage-clamp circuitry of electrophysiology. It "clamps" the potential of the working electrode and maintains it under instantaneous control. The clamped value can be varied in any wave form the experimenter desires. The potentiostat contains the control or clamp functions as well as high sensitivity current measuring capabilities and outputs to recording devices. The PAR 174 is a commercial unit well suited to many of the studies mentioned herein (1). Laboratory mini-computers routinely function as potentiostats with exceptional data handling capabilities.


Objective: To evaluate effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCS) on albino rats submandibular salivary gland after intraglandular injection of bleomycin (BLM). Methods: Fortytwo rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group I (n=18): was subjected to intraglandular injection of a single dose of 1.5mg/kg of bleomycin. Group II (n=18): was subjected to intraglandular injection of a single dose of 1.5mg/kg of bleomycin dissolved in distilled water. After four weeks; rats were subjected to another injection of (1 x 10 ) cells of BMMSCs. Group III (n=6): was subjected to intraglandular injection of 0.05 ml of distilled water in the left submandibular salivary gland and rats were sacrificed after five weeks from starting the study. Tissue sections were stained with Toluidine blue then were subjected to digital image analysis followed by oneway ANOVA statistical analysis. Effect of Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Albino Rats Submandibular Salivary Gland After Intraglandular Injection of Bleomycin Mansoura Journal of Dentistry 2019;6(24):1-3. 2 Esraa Abd Elraouf Elsayed Ahmed Rats were subjected to intraglandular injection of a single dose of 1.5mg/kg of bleomycin dissolved in distilled water in the left submandibular salivary gland; then after four weeks six rats were sacrificed at 3 different times at 3, 7, 14 days. Group II: (n=18) Rats of this group were subjected to intraglandular injection of a single dose of 1.5mg/kg (124) of bleomycin dissolved in distilled water. After four weeks; rats were subjected to another injection of (1 x 10 ) cells of BMMSCs . six rats were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14 days from BMMSCs injection. Group III: (n=6) Rats of this group were subjected to intraglandular injection of 0.05 ml of distilled water in the left submandibular salivary gland. (sham group) They were sacrificed after four weeks. Results: Group I: revealed ductal and acinar degeneration with loss of adhesion and loss of metachromatic secretory granules. Group II: revealed more or less restoring ordinary architecture with maintenance distribution and adhesion of acini and large amount of metachromatic secretory granules. Group III: ordinary architecture with maintenance distribution and adhesion of acini and large amount of metachromatic secretory granules. Photomicrograph of group I showing loss of metachromatic secretory granules Photomicrograph of group II showing very large amount of metachromatic secretory granules Mansoura Journal of Dentistry 2019;6(24):1-3. 3 Esraa Abd Elraouf Elsayed Ahmed Oneway ANOVA analysis revealed significant difference between groups. Table(1):Comparison of +ve cells between different studied groups. Group I Group II Group III ANOVA P value


The effect of calcium ions on the clotting of fibrinogen is well k n ~ w n . l ~ Calcium also increases the heat stability of fibrinogen * and appears to act as calcium-regulating factor in the factor XIIIa-catalyzed cross-linking r e a ~ t i o n . ~ Furthermore, calcium influences the structure of late plasmic degradation products D.6-8 On the basis of these data it is conceivable that fibrinogen is a calcium-binding protein. Indeed, it has been shown in the past five years that fibrinogens from man,T* g 9 10 rat,gl l1 and cow 1* have three calcium-binding sites, and most of the effects of calcium might be explained by saturation of one or more of these sites. For reasons that will become clear below, we wish to divide the three sites into D-related calcium-binding sites and the third calciumbinding site.


ABSTRACT Work stress is distress experienced by individuals in the face of work caused by the stressors of work environment factors such as physical environment, organizational systems and individuals. The research objective was to determine what factors are causing stress in nurses who work in Hospital. This research used explanatory research with cross sectional approach. These samples included 55 nurses in hospitalization ward. The instrument of this study is a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis using chi square test, and multivariate analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of univariate analysis showed that the nurses stress of 61.8% found in the characteristics of the age of 21-40 years (87.3%), female (85.5%) education level Diploma Nurses (74.5%), has a work period ≤ 5 years (60.0%), the status of civil servants (54.5%), were married (76.4%), and working in the internal ward (30.9%), with a personality type extrovert (70.9%). The level of stress is often the case that self esteem (87.3%), despair and a sense of worthlessness (80%), success (72.7%) and interest (72.7%). The bivariate analysis showed that, Stressors that significant with stress were: support, organization, interaction with the p-value (0.012 <0.05). The coping mechanisms were social support as an emotional reason the value of p-value (0.040 <0.05).The closeness to the religious p-value (0.002 <0.05) significantly between closeness to religion with work stress. The most factors that have an effect on the coping mechanisms Equtional Modeling Structural testing with loading value of 0.598 and 7.798 correlated, which means that the coping mechanisms 7 times have influence to reduce stress in the workplace.


Little is known about the systematics of Elatinaceae, which include only Bergia and Elatine. Previous taxonomic studies of Elatine, a group of mostly annual aquatic plants, were based only on morphological data. Thus, a comprehensive study using modern molecular techniques would seem necessary in order to gain further insights on the systematics of the genus. In this chapter, I review the previous taxonomic studies on Elatine and summarize the approaches I have taken throughout this dissertation project to achieve a better understanding of the systematics of Elatine. Elatinaceae—Elatinaceae Dumortier ("waterwort family") is a cosmopolitan family of aquatic flowering plants and includes species that grow in both Northern and Southern Hemispheres from temperate to tropical zones. However, the greatest diversity of the family is in temperate regions. Most species of the family are annual herbs, although a few are small perennial shrubs. Elatinaceae comprise about 50 species, which include many aquatic plants (Tucker 1986). Two genera are recognized in this family: Elatine ("waterworts") and Bergia L. ("bergias") and both lack a comprehensive monograph (Tucker, 1986; Popiela and Lysko, 2011). The presumed taxonomic position of Elatinaceae has undergone considerable revision. For many years, this family was thought to be closely related to Caryophyllaceae because opposite leaves, small flowers, and minute seeds are characters shared by both families (Adanson 1764). Later, Elatinaceae were transferred to "Theales" in a position close to Clusiaceae (Takhtajan 1980). In recent decades, the results of phylogenetic studies have suggested a close relationship between Elatinaceae and Malpighiaceae; both of these families are classified within Malpighiales. Although Elatinaceae are considered to be monophyletic, the position of Elatinaceae within Malpighiales remains obscure. Davis and Chase (2004) employed data from both plastid (ndhF and rbcL) and nuclear (phyC) genes, and proposed Malpighiaceae as the sister group for Chapter 1: A Review of the Previous Studies on Elatine L 2 Elatinaceae (grouping of Elatinaceae plus Malpighiaceae received bootstrap support of more than 90%). They also provided several putative synapomorphies for this clade, such as a base chromosome number of x = 6 (or some multiple of three or six, e.g. 9 in Elatine), opposite or whorled leaves, stipules developed at or between the petiole bases, unicellular hairs, multicellular glands on the leaves, and production of resin (in Elatinaceae) or latex (Malpighiaceae). However, those authors were uncertain about the immediate sister group to the Elatinaceae-Malpighiaceae clade. In a phylogenetic study of the rosid clade based on ten plastid and two nuclear gene sequences (Wang et al. 2009), E. triandra resolved in a position close to the members of the genus Byrsonima Rich ex. Kunth (Malpighiaceae). Also, in the reconstruction of angiosperm phylogeny by Qiu et al. (2010), based on data from four mitochondrial genes (atp1, matR, nad5, and rps3), E. hexandra resolved in a position close to members of Malpighia L. Therefore, the results of molecular phylogenetic studies seem to consistently support a close affinity between Elatinaceae and Malpighiaceae. In the next section, I review information available on the biology and systematics of the genus Elatine (the focus of this dissertation). However, the majority of studies reviewed here provide information based only a few Elatine species. Elatine—ETYMOLOGY—The name Elatine derives from the Greek elatinos (i.e. of the fir, of the pine), which was the ancient name for Kickxia spuria (L.) Dumort (Plantaginaceae) (Quattrocchi, 1999). Linnaeus (1753) later applied this name to the waterworts in the first volume of his Species Plantarum. MORPHOLOGY—Elatine is distinguished from Bergia by having glabrous (versus glandular pubescent) herbage throughout, obtuse (versus acute) sepals, absence (versus presence) of a visible sepal midrib, and disk-shaped to globose (versus ovoid) capsules (Tucker 1986, H. Razifard, pers. obs.). Except for E. alsinastrum, all Elatine species are small plants with opposite leaves and achieve a maximum height rarely exceeding 70 mm (Fig. 1). Elatine alsinastrum is easily distinguished from other Elatine species by its greater height and whorled leaves. Also, Chapter 1: A Review of the Previous Studies on Elatine L 3 this species uniquely has both submersed (lower) and emersed (upper) parts on the same plant as opposed to all other Elatine species, which grow either as an entirely submersed or emersed form (Seubert 1845). Elatine alsinastrum is heterophyllous, in that the leaf morphology of the submersed parts differs from that of the emersed parts. The submersed parts have numerous (up to 18), elongated leaves per whorl; whereas, the emersed parts have as few as (Cook 1968). The submersed forms of Elatine species usually have elongated stems and leaves (Seubert 1845). Despite these morphological differences, E. alsinastrum is similar to other Elatine species by its comparable floral structure and seed morphology and by the presence of hydathodes, which are secretory tissues that release water from the leaf margins. ECOLOGY—Elatine comprises about 25 aquatic species, which, except for E. alsinastrum (sometimes perennial), are opportunistic annual plants. Nearly all Elatine species grow in the temperate regions of the world (Fig. 2, Table 1). All Elatine species grow either in shallow waters or on mudflats (where substrates are saturated with water) of reservoirs, ponds, and freshwater lakes (Table 1). Elatine species consolidate mud (Cook et al. 1974) and provide food for various fish species (H. Razifard, pers. obs.). The majority of Elatine species are extremely rare and occur in small patches in their native habitat. In fact, six Elatine species have been reported to be threatened, endangered, or decreasing in population size: E. alsinastrum, E. americana, E. brochonii, E. gussonei, E. macropoda, and E. minima (IUCN 2015; USDA, NRCS 2016). On the contrary, the Eurasian E. ambigua ("Asian waterwort") and E. triandra ("threestamen waterwort") have expanded their distribution to all continents, except for Antarctica (Tucker and Razifard 2014). They also have spread quickly in the U.S.A. (Tucker and Razifard 2014; Rosman et al. in press), but their mechanism of spread remains unknown. INFRA-GENERIC TAXONOMY— Seubert (1845) subdivided Elatine into two subgenera and three sections. In that classification, subgenus Potamopitys (Adanson) Seub. contained only E. alsinastrum L., which was distinguished from the other species by its whorled leaves. This amphibious species grows in Europe and North Africa and is differentiated further from all other Chapter 1: A Review of the Previous Studies on Elatine L 4 Elatine species (subgenus Elatine) by its heterophylly, which exhibits morphologically distinct submersed and emersed leaves (Popiela et al. 2013). All members of subgenus Elatine have opposite leaves, complete their life cycle as aquatic forms (submersed or emersed), and are homophyllous (Tucker 1986, H. Razifard, pers. obs.). Subgenus Elatine is divided into two sections: section Elatine (= sect. Elatinella Seub.) and section Crypta (Nutt.) Seub. Section Elatine includes species that have flowers with six to eight stamens in two whorls; the remaining species, with two or three stamens in one whorl, are assigned to section Crypta. Mason (1956) noted that a variable number of stamens (between 3 and 6) could occur on single individuals of E. heterandra and expressed some doubt on the applicability of stamen number for infra-generic classification of the genus (Tucker 1986). Highly reduced and variable morphologies (chapter 2) within this genus have resulted in many questionable new species reports, leading subsequently to the taxonomic synonymy of numerous species names within the genus (Razifard et al., in press b). For example, Elatine campylosperma is treated as a synonym of E. macropoda (Cirujano and Velayos 1993; Uotila 2009a). Also, Elatine orthosperma, another problematic species name, previously was applied to a variety of E. hydropiper (Uotila 2009b and references therein). Later, Uotila (2009b) elevated this taxon to specific level because of subtle differences in its morphology and ecology. However, the morphological description provided by Uotila (2009a) for E. orthosperma completely applies to the nomenclaturally older E. macropoda, which was not included in that treatment. Therefore, with a few exceptions, the species names accepted by Cook (1968) are used for the European species and those names accepted by WCSP (2016) for the remaining species. However, the species names used in this treatment differ from that of WCSP in four cases. First, E. chilensis is treated separately from E. triandra, although WCSP recommends the synonymy of E. chilensis and E. triandra. In chapters 2 and 3, morphological and molecular evidence are provided to argue for the preservation of E. chilensis as a separate species. Second, the problematic species name Elatine fauquei Monod was excluded from this treatment due to its morphological resemblance Chapter 1: A Review of the Previous Studies on Elatine L 5 (Razifard, unpubl. data) to members of Callitriche L. (Plantaginaceae). Third, based on the evidence discussed in chapter 5, E. rotundifolia Laegaard was demonstrated to be a member of Micranthemum Michx. (Linderniaceae) and therefore has been excluded from all of the analyses conducted herein (Razifard et al. in press b). Fourth, the species name E. lindbergii Rohrb. was treated as synonymous because the original report (De Martius 1872) did not provide the number and shape of the seed surface pits for this species. Consequently, that species cannot be distinguished from other South American Elatine species, such as E. ecuadoriensis and E.


This paper reviews the topics covered in the 2001 Summer Number Theory Seminar. All definitions and theorems will receive attention, but most proofs will be excluded or abbreviated. Examples will be given where the authors think necessary or interesting. This paper will focus on algebraic and transcendental number theory, but many detours into other areas of math will be made. 1 Unique Factorization We begin by defining prime numbers. Definition 1.1. The prime numbers are those numbers m which are different from 0 and ±1 and which possess no factors other than ±1 and ±m. With this definition, we can now state our goal for this section: establish that every integer can be factored in one and only one way, apart from order and sign, as the product of prime numbers (i.e., the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic). In the following discussion, we will assume that every collection, finite or infinite, of non-negative integers contains a smallest element. Theorem 1.2. If a, b ∈ Z, b > 0, then ∃ integers q and r such that a = bq + r 0 ≤ r a b . The result is shown to be unique by assuming two different solutions, which leads to a contradiction of our choice of r. For instance, if a = 12 and b = 5, then we would choose q = 2, which gives r = 2. 12 = 5 · 2 + 2 Definition 1.3. Two integers a and b are relatively prime if they share no factors except ±1. We express this as (a, b) = 1. For example, (12, 5) = 1. Theorem 1.4. If (a, b) = 1, then ∃ s, t ∈ Z for which as + bt = 1. Continuing with the same values of a and b, we can satisfy the above theorem with s = −2 and t = 5: 12 · −2 + 5 · 5 = 1. We get the same result for s = 7 and t = 17, so the theorem clearly does not claim a unique result. The proof follows from a creative use of the divisibility theorem and the assumption about the existence of a smallest integer in a set of non-negative integers.


The Ti1.4V0.6Ni ribbon alloy containing icosahedral quasicrystal is prepared by melt-spinning technique, and the Ti40.33Zr40.33Ni18.34 icosahedral quasicrystal powders are prepared by mechanical alloying. Both samples are annealing in a vacuum furnace. DSC trace obtained during continuous heating to 1300°C show a distinctly broad exothermic peak between 100°C and 1000°C for the Ti1.4V0.6Ni alloy, two sharp exothermic peaks between 100°C and 700°C for the Ti40.33Zr40.33Ni18.34, respectively. The magnetic behavior results demonstrated the Ti1.4V0.6Ni ribbon alloy exhibited higher ferromagnetic properties than those of Ti40.33Zr40.33Ni18.34 powders both at 15 K and 300 K. The specific heat capacity of two the sample increase when the temperature increase from 400 to 650°C.


A general fuzzy querying system is designed and realized in this paper, which acts as an additional interface on the top of Microsoft SQL Server 2000. Weighted fuzzy queries can be transformed into regular SQL queries in this system. Users may run fuzzy queries on any table built in SQL Server. This system provides functions as follows: fuzzy predicates, membership functions for numerical fields and the linguistic hedges can be defined by users; fuzzy queries, crisp queries or mixed queries can be built; the related weights and threshold can be assigned by users. The records satisfying the queries are output on the descending orders of matching degrees. The design of this system is also suit for other DBMS, such as Oracle, Access, etc.


Mobile Adhoc Networks also known as MANETS or Wireless Adhoc networks is a network that usually has a routable networking environment on top of a Link Layer ad hoc network. They consist of a set of mobile nodes connected wirelessly in a self-configured, self-healing network without having a fixed infrastructure. Current bodies of research have given an overview of the studies being done with respect to MANETs in the realm of machine learning. As it pertains to MANET security, a key observation noticed is that, the general direction of research and studies conducted focuses primarily on intrusion detection and malicious node sensors malicious behaviours within MANETs. These trends give a clear indication that a predominantly impact based approach to understanding and addressing risks within MANETs is usually adopted in contemporary studies. To fully address the issue of MANET risks, it is imperative to have a 'probability vs. impact' outlook pertaining to the topic. Thus, focus would be placed on how to ascertain risk levels in MANETs by utilizing machine learning probability based techniques. This paper proposes a new method to proactively determine risk levels within MANETs.


The open teaching mode is a modern teaching mode that can combine the teaching system and social system.We want to sets up an open teaching mode for high education starting from the viewpoints of open teaching strategy,the open teaching material construction and the open teaching method,which could make the teaching system open toward student's learning requirement,the teacher's predominant function open toward the student's enthusiasm,the education of knowledge teaching open toward the education of ability development,the printed knowledge open toward practice knowledge,indirect experience open toward direct experience,pure professional education open toward profession comprehensive education.Moreover,students should independently chose their profession and teacher's project,and teachers should organize the research type classroom teaching.


The Court's decisions in the MVR and Chaoulli v. Quebec serve as bookends for this paper. Its goal of providing a holistic account of the guarantee begins with the saga of "MV logic" and its dominance in the jurisprudence. From there attention shifts to the interpretation of section 7's two clauses, and is followed by a discussion of the choices the Court must consider in deciding what to do with section 7. The discussion proceeds in three stages. A first section explains what MV logic is, and shows how its institutional conception of review was destined to fail. That part analyzes the evolution of the section 7 jurisprudence and provides the foundation for the rest of the paper.The next section turns to the Court's interpretation of section 7's two clauses and explains the shifting methodologies it employs to give them meaning.


The data and power transmission system described herein spans some 150 km between a shore site and an off-shore floating platform. The full-duplex data link will be one of the first operational applications of undersea lightwave technology anywhere in the world when it is turned over for service early in 1985. At a line rate of 3.088 megabaud it achieves this distance without undersea electronics by taking advantage of leading-edge laser, photo detector, fiber, and undersea cable technology in the 1.55 micron wavelength range. Additionally, over half a kW of power is delivered to the platform over the power conductor of the undersea cable, which also functions as a strength member and protection for the glass fibers. A rather unique scheme for sea-bottom to surface-platform cabling and attachment is also described.


Quite a few teaching models have been formed and developed in the process of distance education practice in China in these recent years.This article is to explore their achievements and problems,some constructive suggestions are also provided in the paper.


This paper discusses the time-phased deployment of wireless sensor networks, applied to surveillance areas growing in time. The focus herein is on the planning of the time-efficient delivery of static sensors to their designated nodes, given a network configuration. The novelty of the proposed strategy is in that it determines optimal delivery plans for spatio-temporally constrained static-sensor networks using multi-robot teams. The proposed sensor delivery planning strategy starts with an already determined (optimal) network plan specified by sensor placement locations (i.e., nodes) and deployment times. Thus, the goal at hand is to determine the optimal routes for the robots delivering the sensors to their intended locations just-in-time. The travel routes are, thus, determined to maximize spare time for the robots between the nodes. The problem is similar to the multiple travelling salesperson problem, but, with temporal constraints. Namely, sensors must be delivered to their designated nodes at designated (optimized) times in order to maintain the optimal deployment of the network configuration. Furthermore, the strategy is designed to be adaptive to new information that can become available during the search for the mobile target, allowing for replanning of the sensor network (i.e., new sensors locations and new deployment times). Numerous simulated experiments were conducted to validate the proposed strategy.


We have investigated the ACTH and cortisol responses to acute episodes of hypoxemia or hypoglycemia in fetal sheep in which the hypothalamus and pituitary were surgically disconnected at between 112 and 123 days gestation. Before 130 days gestation, basal plasma concentrations of ACTH were significantly greater in the hypothalamo-pituitary disconnected (HPD) fetuses than in the intact fetal sheep (126130 days; 105.0 f 11.4 rig/liter, HPD group; 64.0 + 9.5 rig/liter, intact group). After 130 days, however, there was no difference between plasma ACTH concentrations in the HPD (136-140 days; 154.7 + 16.7 rig/liter HPD group; 113.6 + 19.1 rig/liter, intact group) and intact fetal sheep, and in both groups the mean ACTH concentrations were significantly greater after 136 days gestation than before 130 days. In the HPD group, however, while the plasma ACTH concentrations were elevated there was no prepartum increase in the plasma concentrations of cortisol. A decrease in the fetal arterial blood POZ by approximately 50% for 30 min between 123 and 132 days, stimulated a significant increase in fetal ACTH and cortisol concentrations in the intact but not in the HPD fetuses. In the intact group, plasma


Arbitrary micro-scale three-dimensional (3D) structures fabrication is a dream to achieve many exciting goals that have been pursued for a long time. Among all these applications, the direct 3D printing to fabricate human organs and integrated photonic circuits are extraordinary attractive as they can promote the current technology to a new level. Among all the 3D printing methods available, two-photon polymerization (2PP) is very competitive as it is the unique method to achieve sub-micron resolution to make any desired tiny structures. For the conventional 2PP, the building block is the photoresist. However, the requirement for the building block is different for different purposes. It is very necessary to investigate and improve the photoresist properties according to different requirements. In this paper, we presented one hybrid method to modify the mechanical strength and light trapping efficiency of the photoresist, which transfers the photoresist into the micro-concretes. The micro-concrete structure can achieve ±22% strength modification via a silica nano-particles doping. The structures doped with gold nano-particles show tunable plasmonic absorption. Dye doped hybrid structure shows great potential to fabricate 3D micro-chip laser.