There exist robotic tasks such as cumbersome object manipulation for which one arm alone is not sufficient and a team of robots should be employed. For such a multi-manual system, a control policy must be defined to meet the task objective. This letter presents a modular uni-arm control law for a multi-manual object manipulation task. Following the concept of force and impedance control, a novel adaptation policy is introduced which mitigates the intrinsic limitations of conventional methods such as the coupled impedance and hybrid position/force control approaches. To ensure the stability of the proposed control algorithm, passivity analysis is performed and a virtual energy tank is augmented to the multi-manual system. Finally, a set of experiments with a bi-manual setup manipulating an object is carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed control approach.


There is a large interest in the measurement of the Z-directional bond strength in pulp and paper/board industry. Several methods have been developed to measure the Z-directional strength at a handsheet level; however, there is not any reported device capable of the Z-directional fibre-fibre bond strength measurement at a fibre level. This paper presents a novel method for the experimental evaluation of the Z-directional bond strength using microrobotics and a Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film microforce sensor. In bond strength experiments, different deformation rates are needed. Therefore, the effect of the deformation rate on the performance of the proposed sensor is studied and successful experiments on unrefined bleached softwood kraft pulp fibres are demonstrated.


The phenomenon of photobleaching of fluorescence indicators in organic thin films is presented. The study is performed on the fluorescein methacrylate indicator immobilized in an acrylate matrix. A LED based interrogation setup has been realized to evaluate the effects of photobleaching. The experimental results show as stability and drift of the fluorescence signal induced by photobleaching are the most critical aspects in sensing applications.


Cyclic polymers, which have a different topology from that of linear polymers, show potential as novel nanomaterials. In this communication, we report the synthesis of well-defined cyclic glycopolymers that have...


An advanced hybrid composite with epoxy as resin and reinforcing E-Glass, carbon and flax as twill layered fabric composites and also study experimentally the effect of the stacking sequence on tensile, flexural and impact properties. Hybrid composite materials are generally used in aerospace industries, defence, automobile spare parts, and bicycle frames, engineering application increasing demand for special material lead to new invertion natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composite are replacing convemotional materials as natural fiber are cheap and biodegradable they have high specific properties and low density in the work hybrid composites are fabricated with flax, corbon and E-Glass fabric twill as reinforced materials with epoxy resin as matrix. All the laminates were made with a total of three different fabric, by varying the number and position of E-glass layers so as to obtain five different stacking sequences. Composites were manufactured using vacuum bagging method. Hybrid Composite samples manufacturing and testing were carried out as per ASTM standards. The results showed that the natural, synthetic fibric and epoxy resin hybrid composite give optimistic results when compared with the neat resin.An advanced hybrid composite with epoxy as resin and reinforcing E-Glass, carbon and flax as twill layered fabric composites and also study experimentally the effect of the stacking sequence on tensile, flexural and impact properties. Hybrid composite materials are generally used in aerospace industries, defence, automobile spare parts, and bicycle frames, engineering application increasing demand for special material lead to new invertion natural and synthetic fiber reinforced composite are replacing convemotional materials as natural fiber are cheap and biodegradable they have high specific properties and low density in the work hybrid composites are fabricated with flax, corbon and E-Glass fabric twill as reinforced materials with epoxy resin as matrix. All the laminates were made with a total of three different fabric, by varying the number and position of E-glass layers so as to obtain five different stacking sequences. Composites were manufactured using vacuum bagging method. Hybrid Composite sample...


BACKGROUND Acute effects of spaceflight on the cardiovascular system have been studied extensively, but the combined chronic effects of spaceflight and aging are not well understood. Preparation for and participation in spaceflight activities are associated with changes in the cardiovascular system such as decreased carotid artery distensibility and decreased ventricular mass which may lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, astronauts who travel into space multiple times or for longer durations may be at an increased risk across their lifespan. To that end, the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of common cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes among the NASA astronaut corps during their active career and through retirement.


[EMBARGOED UNTIL 8/1/2024] Relationships do not occur in a vacuum, but within an environment of historical, cultural, social, and political contexts, which have important implications for relationship formation and decisions (Landor & Barr, 2018). Failure to consider the systematic implications of race and racism within the romantic and peer group literature impedes the understanding of intimate connections, particularly as it relates to interracial contact. Utilizing a sample of African Americans, the current study aims to address gaps in the literature regarding the lasting impact of racial discrimination on intergroup contact, the interaction between skin tone and racial discrimination on intergroup contact, and the mitigating or exacerbating effects of racial socialization. This study conceptualizes intergroup contact as interracial romantic relationships and close friendships. It is hypothesized that (1) higher levels of racial discrimination in adolescence will be associated with higher odds of being in an intraracial romantic relationship in young adulthood, (2) individuals reporting higher levels of racial discrimination in adolescence and having a darker skin tone will have higher odds of being in an intraracial romantic relationship in young adulthood, (3) racial socialization in adolescence will moderate the effects of racial discrimination in adolescence on romantic relationship type (interracial/intraracial) in young adulthood, (4) higher levels of racial discrimination in adolescence will be associated with higher composition of African American friends in young adulthood, (5) individuals reporting higher levels of racial discrimination in adolescence and having a darker skin tone, will have a higher composition of African American friends in young adulthood, and (6) individuals with higher levels of racial discrimination and higher levels of racial socialization in adolescence will have higher composition of African American friends in young adulthood. Based on the results, the hypotheses were partially supported. There were significant associations between racial discrimination in adolescence and romantic relationship type (interracial/intraracial), where an increase in discrimination increased the odds of being in an intraracial relationship in young adulthood. There were no significant associations between racial discrimination in adolescence and friend group composition in young adulthood. Furthermore, the hypotheses that skin tone and racial socialization would moderate the effects of racial discrimination in adolescence on friend group composition and relationship type (interracial/intraracial) in young adulthood were not supported. These findings illustrate the interpersonal implications of racial discrimination, an area that has been largely understudied. Additionally, the study added to the literature by examining the predictors of intergroup contact in a longitudinal sample, allowing for the examination of casual effects. Moreover, the current study recognized the potential for skin tone and racial socialization to exacerbate the effects of racial discrimination and the likely importance of these variables in the intergroup contact literature. These additions to the literature allow for continued expansion of the understanding of intergroup contact and racial boundaries between groups.


Abstract Cheddar cheese whey from milk clotted with six milk clotting enzymes ( Mucor miehei, Mucor pusillus var Lindt , and Endothia parasitica proteases; calf rennet, porcine pepsin, and chymosin-free bovine pepsin) were adjusted from pH 5.2 to 7.0 prior to heating at 68.3 and 73.9C for .25, .5, 1, 5, and 10min. Enzyme activities were measured before and after heating. Mucor miehei protease was the most heat stable at all pH values followed by Mucor pusillus protease, calf rennet, bovine pepsin, Endothia parasitica protease, and porcine pepsin. The heat stability of all enzymes increased with decreasing pH except Endothia parasitica protease was most heat stable at pH 7.0. Whey from cheese milk clotted with Mucor miehei protease was adjusted from pH 4.2 to 6.4 at .2 intervals of pH and subjected to high-temperature short-time pasteurization at 73.9, 76.6, and 79.5C for 25 s. Milk clotting activity was determined before and after pasteurization. All measurable activity was destroyed above pH 5.4 by pasteurization at 79.5C, above pH 5.8 at 76.6C, and above pH 6.0 at 73.9C.


Article Information DOI: 10.30699/acadpub.ijhehp.6.3.266 Received: Accepted: Available Online Corresponding Author: Article History: IJHEHP 2018; 6(3):266-276 Use your device to scan and read the article onlin Parshang Faghih Solaimani Communicable Diseases Control Group, Vice Chancellor for Health Affairs, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran Tel: 087-33624633 E-mail: email@example.com 2017/03/09 2018/06/24 2018/09/13 How to cite this article: Rahimzadeh, A., Faghih Solaimani, P., Rahmani, K., Bagheri, S. (2018). Effect of a Training Intervention Program Designed Based on Health Belief Model on Adopting Behaviors Preventing Dental Caries in Students. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion; 6 (3): 266-276 Rahimzadeh A, Faghih Solaimani P, Rahmani K, Bagheri S. Effect of a Training Intervention Program Designed Based on Health Belief Model on Adopting Behaviors Preventing Dental Caries in Students. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2018; 6 (3): 266-276 Iran J Health Educ Health Promot تملاس یاقترا و تشادهب شزومآ یشهوژپ یملع همانلصف Background and Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effects of a training intervention program based on health belief model on adopting behaviors preventing dental caries in students. Methods: This interventional semi-experimental study was conducted on 120 fifth-grade elementary school students in Sanandaj in 2017. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect the required data including demographic information and the constructs of the health belief model. After random assignment of the participants into control and intervention groups (60 student in each group) the primary data were collected. Then, the training intervention was performed for the intervention group. Eight weeks after the intervention, the data were analyzed by SPSS 22, independent t-test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: The results showed no significant difference between intervention and control groups in most of the constructs of the model, including perceived susceptibility (P=0.06), perceived severity (P=0.7), perceived benefits (P =0.6), self-efficacy (P =0.8), and cues to action (P =0.08). Although there was a significant difference between the two groups only in terms of perceived barriers (P=0.001), the results of ANCOVAs showed no significant difference between two groups in terms of the mean scores of the constructs of the model. Conclusion: Our finding showed that training students in elementary schools alone cannot play a significant role in adopting preventive behaviors. Hence, it is necessary to have parents, health instructors, and teachers to cooperate in health care programs to improve the adoption of dental and oral health strategies by students.


ABSTRACK This study aims to determine and analyze which among the variables of responsiveness, reliability, assurance, empathy and direct evidence that predominantly affect the level of patient satisfaction in Puskesmas Sub District Pragaan Sumenep regency. Type of method used in this research is survey method. This method means that this study takes samples from the population and uses questionnaires (questionnaires) as the main data collection instrument. In addition, also conducted in-depth interviews to complete the data needed. Based on the results of research can be concluded that the responsiveness affects patient satisfaction, Based on the results of research that the reliability affect patient satisfaction, Based on the results of research note that the variable assurance affect patient satisfaction, Based on the results known that the variable empathy affect patient satisfaction and That the variable of direct evidence have an effect on to patient satisfaction. Keywords: Quality of Service, Guarantees and Patient Satisfaction


AESA technology has been an important development for the Radar industry. The AESA has dramatically increased the operational capability of modern Radars compared to the mechanically scanned Radars. The first generations of AESA Radar used to have higher costs of production. At this time, that has been accepted for two reasons: better performance and the higher reliability of these AESA systems finally make lower their total cost of ownership during their lifespan. But now the aim is to reduce as much as possible the cost of production of AESA Radars. The purpose of this paper is to take stock of achievements in the production of active antenna Radar. The industrial issues associated with the development of AESA Radars within THALES Airborne Systems and the industrialization solutions under development are presented. (5 pages)


The article proposes to investigate three novels of contemporary Argentine literature with a double question: how they represent the work and what territory built for their fiction? From there, we read critically, in the fold of those three way of writings –Martini, Chejfec and Ronsino–, different reflections that brought about the language and memory.


We studied the quantitative genetics of sexually selected traits in a captive population of red junglefowl (Gallus gallus L.) using a multi‐generational 'animal model' approach. We found significant heritability of mass, tarsus length (both strongly sexually dimorphic), residual mass, and male comb (a fleshy head ornament) length. Residual mass has a genetic correlation between the sexes smaller than unity and so could show partially independent responses to selection in the two sexes. In males, tarsus length and mass were not genetically correlated, and this produced a negative genetic correlation between tarsus length and residual mass. The male red junglefowl's comb, an ornament influencing female choice, is highly condition dependent. We show that expression of this ornament is heritable, however, and shows strong genetic correlation with a condition index, residual mass. Because residual mass is partly influenced by various aspects of condition, it appears that comb size has 'captured' genetic variability in condition.


The present work analyzes the problematic one that keeps San Luis Sesma, community pertaining to the municipality of Mazapiltepec de Juarez, Puebla from a perspective of analysis, that allows us to include/understand the relation that keeps this community with its territory and that has stayed relatively isolated and marginalized, with a autarquica production of the farming systems, in addition to an institutional disarticulation, the growth of the migration towards other regions like subsistence strategy and to increase the familiar entrance in the incorporation towards other sectors. Before previous a group of students of Postgraduate in Agricultural Strategies Regional of the School of Postgraduates, Puebla Campus, they find an opportunity to propose short strategic attachment lines and medium term in the farming sector, on the basis of the natural resources available of the community, and the involvement of the social actors through the organization like articulator element of the group of producers d and San Luis Sesma and the participation of the governmental institutions by means of the state and federal programs that promote a transference of technology, experiences, of resources, in such a way that all the previous one I helped to increase the production systems and therefore one is reflected in better income for the producers of the community.


In Bayesian inference there is always a prior probability distribution, and there is no prior which is better for all cases[1]: we always have to make assumptions. This has profound implications for the concepts of extraterrestrial intelligence and artificial general intelligence. Why would an artificial intelligence which is human-like be considered more advanced than, say AlphaGo which is the first computer program to defeat a professional human Go player. It seems unlikely that such human-like artificial intelligence could beat AlphaGo when playing Go. It seems a reasonable bet that there is a prior probability distribution that produces a human-like artificial intelligence and another prior probability distribution that produces AlphaGo, neither of these priors is better for all cases[1]. Moreover, we humans are mostly irrational and even just the rational part has deep flaws. Our greatest skill with respect to other animals is the ability to communicate details to each other and across generations which allows Bayesian inference to be done not only inside but also outside our brains, but robots can already do it much better than us.


Objective To investigate therapeutic effect of Gamma knife radiosurgery for infertility caused by pituitary prolactinoma. Methods The ovulatory status of 38 reproductive age women with infertility-related to treatment of pituitary prolactinoma with Gamma knife were followed up, all of whom had received bromocriptine treatment. Results Twenty-six patients (73%) became pregnant after the treatment. Endocrine evaluation revealed a decreased prolactin (PRL) and increased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). Conclusion Gamma knife radiosurgery can improve the endocrine balance and increase chance of pregnancy and would be the first choice for the patients failed to pregnancy after oral administration of bromocriptine and patients with progressive enlargement of prolactinoma.


During his studies on the Cirripedia Darwin (1854) gave much attention to the Chthamalidae, and his views of the species remained unchallenged for many years. Darwin's attitude to speciation appears to have been coloured by his concurrently developing theories of natural selection, and he was especially interested in the existence of wide variation within species. Thus Chthamalus stellatus as described by Darwin consisted of a number of races or varieties, and was of almost worldwide distribution ('southern England, Ireland, Isle of Man, Mediterranean, Madeira, Cape Verde Is., southern United States, West Indies, Brazil, Rio Plata, Red Sea, Philippines, China, Gulf of Korea, Oregon or N. California'). This distribution has been considerably narrowed in the last 60 years, and recent investigators have raised varieties to specific rank, or described new species and subspecies. In North California and Oregon we now have the full species C. dalli (Pilsbry, 1916); along the eastern coast of U.S.A. we now have C.fragilis (Pilsbry, 1916); in the Caribbean and along the east coast of South America we have C. angustitergum and C. bisinuatus (Pilsbry, 1916; Ross, 1969; Southward, 1975); for the Indopacific region there are now the species C. challengeri and C. malayensis (Hoek, 1883; Pilsbry, 1916); and in the Mediterranean, C. depressus (Poli), which was reduced by Darwin to a variety of C. stellatus, has been raised again to specific rank (Barnes, 1956; Utinomi, 1959; Southward, 1964; Klepal & Barnes, 1975) and is now assigned to the genus Euraphia (Newman & Ross, 1976). Thus except for a few dubious records what remains of Darwin's C. stellatus is confined to Europe, N. Africa and W. Africa (Southward, 1964; Stubbings, 1967). Nevertheless, even such a reduced distribution encompasses several distinct climatic zones, and seems more extensive than the individual ranges of the three species (C. dalli, C. fissus and C. panamensis) found in comparable climatic regions of the N.E. Pacific.


![Figure][1]

> We respectfully acknowledge and give our thanks to the Mississaugas of the Credit on whose territory we are guests. The CFPC recognizes that the many historic injustices experienced by Canada's Indigenous peoples continue to impact health and well-being. The CFPC respects


This chapter draws on insights from different fields of study to explain how the regulatory context informs the development and application of employer HRM choices within organisations. In considering the contribution of fields such as organisational studies, industrial relations, comparative politics, economics and legal regulation, we note that, in most developed countries, in the last 10 to 20 years the regulation of employment has shifted from a predominantly national institutional to an organisational setting. Despite this change, which brings the role of HRM and 'the firm' into closer scrutiny, we nevertheless maintain that changes in regulatory structures and methods do not simply equate to a shift from regulation to deregulation, as is often asserted. While the management of the employment relationship now often involves organisational actors such as employees, supervisors and managers rather than institutional actors such as unions and employer associations, the regulatory context nevertheless underwrites and constrains the space in which these actors can shape HRM policies and practices. In developing this line of argument, the chapter draws on insights from 'new institutionalism' and contributions from regulatory studies that highlight how history, labour market institutions and a variety of regulatory techniques set a framework within which HRM shapes the management of the employment relationship. We also observe in the context of global supply chains much greater interest in supranational structures in the governance of employment relations.


This article presents a review of the major academic and professional databases (online files) for searching topics in the field of business and management. I argue that professionals are well served in using a multidatabase strategy when comprehensive reviews of the literature are needed (Piotrowski & Perdue, 1986, 1988, 2003). To this end, several key databases across major disciplines are noted. Moreover, a list of online databases in the field of business and management are presented. I illustrate, with search examples, the benefit of implementing a multidatabase search strategy on select topics in psychology and management.


This paper proposes to trace an overview of the development of modern architecture in Mendoza between 1930 and 1970, following the most relevant architects and their works. No government measures or legislation have ever been implemented to protect the architectural heritage of this period. There are two parallel causes for this inaction: firstly in the collective imagination, heritage as a concept pertains to any historical period up to the 1920s. Secondly, the possibility of achieving the objectivity necessary to achieve a historical perspective of modern architecture is hampered by the works' ongoing aesthetic and functional relevance. A cultural perspective is still more difficult to achieve. We review the trajectories and buildings of a number of architects in order to discover their local singularities, thus contributing to an appreciation of these works of architecture and their subsequent protection as part of our heritage.


Unresolved loyalty conflicts and unsettled accounts between first-and second-generation family members are often projected onto, or lived out, in the marital or parental relationship. An intergenerational treatment focus may yield greater possibilities for constructive and fundamental change in family system.


are also and "Differences and Integration of Consumer and their Impact on and Marginal analyzes and from the perspective of consumption habits and patterns, and studies the characteristics, existing problems and attitudes towards the integration of China and western consumer The final of the addresses the problems of the integration of marginal ethnic in by means of the development of structures of cultural industries that might include new forms of consumption, helping development


A wireless?monitoring and?controlling system comprises a base station?with a base station processor and a base station?memory; a target operation device with one more parts and a wireless locking unit which is communicatively coupled to the target operation device and the base station, wherein the wireless locking unit comprises a locking processor, a locking memory, an interface for sending the data associated with the wireless locking unit to the base station, a sensor for detecting the activation and deactivation of one or more parts of the target operation device, and a switch for locking the one or more parts at the active state after one or more parts of the target operation device are activated. The target operation device in the process control system is monitored and controlled in no need of two instruments and persons involved therein.


Unusual Right Atrial Flutter: What Is the Mechanism? SUNANDAN SIKDAR, M.D., D.M.,∗ SHIH-LIN CHANG, M.D.,∗,† YENN-JIANG LIN, M.D.,∗,† LI-WEI LO, M.D.,∗,† YU-FENG HU, M.D.,∗,† and SHIH-ANN CHEN, M.D.,∗,† From the ∗Division of Cardiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; and †Department of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan


Suppose that p, u, v, and w are integers, with p > 1. If u + v + w = 0, then uvw = 0. Professor Andrew Wiles of Princeton University deduced this form of Fermat's Last Theorem at the conclusion of a series of three lectures during the June, 1993 workshop on Iwasawa theory, autmorphic forms, and p-adic representations at the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences in Cambridge, UK. Wiles had given his series a suggestive, but ambiguous, title—"Elliptic curves, modular forms, and Galois representations"—so that the audience had little inkling how the lectures would conclude. Persistent rumors had been circulating for days; the tension mounted as the series proceeded. The third lecture was attended by more than sixty mathematicians, a fair number of them carrying cameras to record the event. In this last lecture, Wiles announced that he had proved Taniyama's conjecture— an enormously important conjecture in arithmetical algebraic geometry—for a large class of elliptic curves over Q. These are the so-called "semistable" elliptic curves, those with square-free conductor. Most people in the audience knew that Fermat's Last Theorem would be a consequence of this result. Although Fermat's Last Theorem holds great fascination for amateurs and professionals alike, the Taniyama conjecture is ultimately of much greater significance for modern mathematics. Yutaka Taniyama's conjecture, to the effect that every elliptic curve over Q is modular, was first proposed in somewhat tentative form at the Tokyo-Nikko conference in the mid 1950s. Its statement was refined through the efforts of G. Shimura and A. Weil; it has been known, variously, as Weil's conjecture, the ShimuraTaniyama conjecture, and so on. In its usual formulation, this conjecture associates objects of representation theory (modular forms) to objects of algebraic geometry (elliptic curves). It states that the L-series of an elliptic curve over Q, which measures the behavior of the curve mod p for all primes p, can be identified with an integral transform of the Fourier series derived from a modular form. Taniyama's conjecture is a particular case of the "Langlands philosophy," a web of interrelated conjectures made by R. P. Langlands and his colleagues. Although the Langlands conjectures require a substantial background in automorphic forms, Taniyama's conjecture has been rephrased in such a way that only complex-analytic maps appear [7]. One considers elliptic curves over Q up to Qisomorphism: they are those compact Riemann surfaces of genus one which may be defined by polynomial equations with rational coefficients. Taniyama's conjecture states that for each such surface S, there is a congruence subgroup Γ of SL(2,Z) and a non-constant analytic map Γ\H → S, where H is the complex upper half-plane.


A variable separation approach is proposed and extended to the (1+1)-dimensional physical system. The variable separation solutions of (1+1)-dimensional equations of long-wave–short-wave resonant interaction are obtained. Some special type of solutions such as soliton solution, non-propagating solitary wave solution, propagating solitary wave solution, oscillating solitary wave solution are found by selecting the arbitrary function appropriately.


While strong arguments can be made that prosumption today can be seen as a primal phenomenon and an evolutionary process, the strongest argument is that it involves a revolutionary set of developments producing a dramatically new world of prosumption. While those developments can be seen in both the material and digital worlds (although they augment one another), they are clearest in the digital world, especially the Internet. Among the forces that are creating this new world of consumption are new means of prosumption (e.g., IKEA, massive online open courses, automated teller machines) which are made possible by a variety of new technologies (the computer, the Internet). However, overarching these and other changes is the emergence of a new form of capitalism, "prosumer capitalism." In addition to exploiting often low-paid commodified workers, prosumer capitalism increasingly prioritizes the exploitation of largely uncommodified prosumers who are generally unpaid. Prosumers offer the capitalist many other advantages (e.g., no long-term obligations such as high-cost benefit programs). There are few, if any, obligations to prosumers with the result that they fit well with today's reigning neoliberal philosophy. The new world of prosumption could have been a more positive development had it not been usurped by capitalist interests.


With financial support from USAID through the Africa Biodiversity Collaborative Group (ABCG) AWF commissioned expert in-depth analyses in two of its transboundary landscapes in southern Africa— Kazungula and Zambezi Heartlands, and in Central Africa—Maringa-Lopori-Wamba Heartland in the DRC. The analyses looked in detail into current and alternative food security strategies in the selected landscapes as part of the ABCG's agenda to build knowledge on diversification of food security strategies, the role of agricultural landscapes in climate change mitigation and adaptation, and the linkages to conservation.


In France, the building sector is the largest consumer of energy and accounts for about 43% of the total energy consumption. The building sector offers significant potential for improved energy efficiency through the use of high-performance insulation and energy-efficient systems. For existing buildings, renovation has a high priority in France because these buildings represent a high proportion of energy consumption and they will be present for decades to come. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the so-called super-insulating materials, such as Aerogels. The objectives of this study are to examine the thermal behavior of buildings and to foster energy efficiency through the use of a newly developed aerogel-based insulating coating as well as the use of renewable energy sources, specifically solar energy. Firstly, the thermal and hygrothermal performance of exterior walls having different layer composition structures are examined. Secondly, the heating energy demand as well as the risk of summer overheating is examined for different construction periods and under different climates. Also, a mathematical model is built and compared to experimental measurement of a recently built full-scale house. Finally, the potential to decrease the heating load by adopting a closed wall loop system is scrutinized. The latter is a proposed system to capture some of the solar energy falling on the south facade available during non-cloudy winter days and transfer it to the north facade through water pipes embedded in the aerogel-based coating.


Non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke by a factor of five and is present in about 15% of patients with acute stroke.' 2 Its prevalence in the general population increases with age-from 050/o at 50-59 to 8-8% at 80-89.2 The risk of someone with atrial fibrillation having a stroke is about 5% a year and increases with age, blood pressure, and other evidence of heart disease. In addition, atrial fibrillation is associated with a greater early mortality in patients admitted to hospital with acute stroke3 and a greater risk of recurrent stroke,4 although these associations were not found in the Framingham community study.' Two articles in this week's journal are relevant to the use of antithrombotic treatment in people with atrial fibrillation-whether as primary prevention, acute treatment, or secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke (pp 1457,6 14607). Five randomised controlled trials have reported on the use of warfarin in the primary prevention of stroke in people with non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation.8-'2 Their results consistently show that moderate anticoagulation (to achieve an international normalised ratio between 1-5 and 3-0) reduces the risk of stroke by about two thirds. The efficacy of warfarin may be even greater because many strokes in the groups treated with warfarin occurred when the patients were not taking the drug.'3 A prospective meta-analysis of such trials is currently in progress.'4 The impressive efficacy of warfarin in preventing stroke suggests that anticoagulation may prevent not only cerebral infarctions caused by emboli from the heart but also infarctions due to emboli from atheromatous plaques in the aortic arch and the carotid and vertebral arteries. Prophylaxis with warfarin has two main problems: hassle and safety. Patients need regular education, and the effect of warfarin must be monitored and the dose adjusted. Anticoagulants increase the risk of major bleeding, particularly gastrointestinal, retroperitoneal, and intracranial bleeding. Intracranial bleeding may cause strokes with higher morbidity and mortality than the thromboembolic strokes that warfarin prevents. Compliance and safety are likely to be less assured when warfarin is prescribed in general practice than in the carefully selected, well motivated, and tightly monitored participants in trials of warfarin."3 For prophylaxis with warfarin the ratio of antithrombotic benefit to risk of bleeding will depend critically on the selection of patients and the quality of their medical and haematological monitoring. In this week's journal Gustafsson and colleagues have calculated the cost effectiveness of primary prophylaxis with anticoagulants, using Swedish data (p 1457).6 The authors assume that 26% of people with atrial fibrillation are potential candidates for warfarin, which reduces their annual risk of stroke from 5% to 1 8%. They calculate that when the rate of intracranial bleeding during prophylaxis is only 0.30/o per patient year (as in the published trials8-'2) warfarin reduces the numbers and costs of stroke. But when the rate of intracranial bleeding rises to 2% per patient year warfarin is no longer cost effective. The message for doctors considering primary prophylaxis with warfarin in people with atrial fibrillation is therefore clear: if you wish to do more good than harm choose patients at sufficiently high thromboembolic risk (defined by age; history of hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, or heart failure; and left atrial size and left ventricular dysfunction at echocardiography); exclude patients with contraindications to long term anticoagulation (poor compliance, bleeding disorders, potential bleeding lesions); review your patients, their anticoagulant control, and the performance ofyour local anticoagulant clinic regularly; and ensure rapid access to hospitals with adequate diagnostic and therapeutic services in the event of suspected potentially disabling or fatal intracranial, gastrointestinal, or retroperitoneal bleeding."5 Doctors reluctant to prescribe warfarin often prescribe aspirin, which carries less need for monitoring and less risk of bleeding. Only two of the five trials of warfarin in people with atrial fibrillation have also reported the reduction of risk in patients treated with aspirin8 10: aspirin seems to reduce the risk of stroke by about 25%. The 95% confidence intervals, however, include zero benefit, so that further trials are required before aspirin can be confidently recommended for primary prevention.'3 The potential cost-benefits of prophylaxis with aspirin as estimated by Gustafsson et al similarly require caution.6 What is the therapeutic relevance of atrial fibrillation in patients with acute stroke? In this issue (p 1460) Sandercock and colleagues report that in the Oxfordshire community stroke project the 17% of patients with acute stroke and atrial fibrillation had a significantly higher 30 day mortality than patients in sinus rhythm (23% versus 8%).7 Similarly, a study of patients admitted for acute severe stroke found that the 25% with atrial fibrillation had a significantly higher hospital mortality than patients in sinus rhythm (67% versus 44%).3 This higher early mortality is partly explained by the association of atrial fibrillation with large, total anterior circulation


In this article we present a functional specification language based on inclusions between set expressions.

Instead of computing with data individuals we deal with their classification into sets.

The specification of functions and relations by means of inclusions can be considered as a generalization of the conventional algebraic specification by means of equations.

The main aim of this generalization is to facilitate the incremental refinement of specifications.

Furthermore, inclusional specifications admit a natural visual syntax which can also be used to visualize the reasoning process.

We show that reasoning with inclusions is well captured by bi-rewriting, a rewriting technique introduced by Levy and Agusti [15].

However, there are still key problems to be solved in order to have executable inclusional specifications, necessary for rapid prototyping purposes.

The article mainly points to the potentialities and difficulties of specifying with inclusions.


Ta-based high-κ dielectrics can be synthesized via the oxidation of TaS2 films. In this study, we investigated the wet and dry oxidation of TaS2 films via thermal annealing and plasma irradiation, respectively. The specific vibration observed via Raman spectroscopy, the bonding states observed via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and capacitance measurements confirmed the oxidation of TaS2 films with a dielectric constant of ∼14.9. Moreover, the electrical transport of the TaS2 films along the in-plane direction indicated a change in conductivity before and after the oxidation. The thickness of the oxidized film was estimated. Accordingly, the layer-by-layer oxidation was limited to approximately 50 nm via plasma irradiation, whereas the TaS2 films within 150 nm were fully oxidized via thermal annealing in ambient air. Therefore, a Ta-oxide/TaS2 structure was fabricated as a stack material of insulator and metal when the thickness of the pristine film was greater than 50 nm. In addition, Ta-oxide films were integrated into bottom-gated two-dimensional (2D) field-effect transistors (FETs) using the dry transfer method. 2D FETs with multilayer MoTe2 and MoS2 films as p-type and n-type channels, respectively, were successfully fabricated. In particular, the Ta-oxide film synthesized via dry oxidation was used as a gate dielectric, and the device process could be simplified because the Ta-oxide/TaS2 heterostructure can function as a stack material for gate insulators and gate electrodes. An anti-ambipolar transistor consisting of an MoTe2/MoS2 heterojunction was also fabricated. For the transfer characteristics, a relatively sharp on-state bias range below 10 V and sufficiently high peak-to-valley ratio of 106 at V DS = 3 V were obtained using the high-κ gate dielectric of Ta-oxide despite the presence of the multilayer channels (∼20 nm).


Fish are sensitive to environmental perturbations, and a common signal of an unbalanced ecosystem is fish disease and death. Recently in Inje County, Korea, finding dead fish has become a common situation. Our goal was to use environmental DNA (eDNA) approaches to look for geographic and seasonal patterns in the presence of Aeromonas in waterways. First, we cultured and identified bacteria from diseased fish and screened for virulence factors. Twelve of the 21 identified bacterial species are known fish pathogens, with Aeromonas veronii and A. hydrophila being most common (37/61 total strains). Focusing on A. veronii and A. hydrophila, we used an eDNA method to screen water samples from the major waterways. We discovered geographic and seasonal patterns—Aeromonas detection was highest in Inbuk Stream and lowest during the summer.


We report on six new siphoviruses infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis that were isolated from soil samples collected on the campus of Saint Joseph's University, on the western edge of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. All phages have circularly permuted genomes that are 68,721 to 68,929 bp long, with an average G+C content of 66.4%. ABSTRACT We report on six new siphoviruses infecting Mycobacterium smegmatis that were isolated from soil samples collected on the campus of Saint Joseph's University, on the western edge of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. All phages have circularly permuted genomes that are 68,721 to 68,929 bp long, with an average G+C content of 66.4%.


The Cossacks are the ethnic social groups of Russian and some other nations, which initially sprang up from white peasants, and by the early twentieth century represented special military class of the Russian Empire. In the XV-XVII centuries, the Cossacks in Russia were free people, free from imposts and worked for hire or perform military service for the salary in the outskirts of the country. In the XVIII century, the government has finally subdued the Cossacks, and until the first quarter of the twentieth century, the Cossacks were military estate of prerevolutionary Russia, performing military service. During this period, the concept of "troops" appeared and entrenched, meaning the territory of organized residence of the Cossacks performing military public service. In the beginning in the XV-XVII centuries, Russian Cossacks were called «city». City Cossacks performed garrison and border guards at the fortified lines along southern and eastern borders of the Russian state. The government paid salaries to the Cossacks granted land to them. The number of city Cossacks in the XV century was 5-6 thousand people, and by 1680-s increased to 7000 people. Later, in the XVIII century, city Cossacks joined the peasants – homesteaders, and performed military service. Troop Cossacks resided in the territory of the Cossack troops organized for living and military service of troop Cossacks themselves and their families. In the XVI-XVII centuries, Cossack settlements arose spontaneously, and from the XVIII century – at the discretion of the Government of the Russian Empire. First Cossack freemen (volnitsa) emerged in the territories of modern Ukraine and southern Russia from the Black Sea to the Ural Mountains, where freedom-loving people of the Russian Empire ran. The Cossacks represent one of the most distinguished manifestations of the Russian public national life. A Cossack was advanced colonizer of the state sub-


Hypothalamic Adult Neurogenesis (hAN) has been implicated in regulating energy homeostasis. Adult-generated neurons and adult Neural Stem Cells (aNSCs) in the hypothalamus control food intake and body weight. Conversely, Diet Induced Obesity (DIO) by High Fat Diets (HFD) exerts adverse influence on hAN. However, the effects of anti-obesity compounds on hAN are not known. To address this, we administered a lipidized analogue of an anti-obesity neuropeptide, Prolactin Releasing Peptide (PrRP), so-called LiPR. In the HFD context, LiPR rescued survival of adult-born hypothalamic neurons and increased the number of aNSCs by reducing their activation. In addition, LiPR rescued reduction of immature hippocampal neurons and modulated calcium dynamics in iPSC-derived human neurons. These results show for the first time that anti-obesity neuropeptides influence adult neurogenesis and suggest that the neurogenic process can serve as a target of anti-obesity pharmacotherapy.


The analysis of geo-morphosites as a method used to appreciate the value of geomorphological sites is one of the most accurate methods one can use, as it relies on their comparison and on their integration into a series of patterns that largely eliminate subjectivism and errors. There are several approaches in the evaluation of geo-morphosites, known by the name of those who initiated them (E. Reynard, J. P. Pralong etc.) and they can be applied as such or can be adapted according to the specific features of the region that the geo-morphosites belong to, as well as according to the purpose of their analysis (scientific, touristic, economic etc.). In the present study, we have tried to identify the sites with a glacial and periglacial genesis of a scientific, economic and tourist interest from the upper basin of Ialomiţa River, using the Pralong method. The application of the evaluation criteria (scenic, scientific, cultural and economic) have allowed us to obtain global values for the geo-morphosites in the area under analysis, which later on could be used in the framework of the Bucegi Massif and then could be compared to others from the Romanian Carpathians (Ciucas, Ceahlău etc.)


Or unpurified low purity soy phosphatidylserine for preparing liposomes volume. The lipid comprises from about 40-74 volume% soy phosphatidylserine, multivalent cations and biologically active agent. Preferred lipids containing species volume antifungal amphotericin B.


Objective: To describe the characteristics and etiological analysis in patients with congenital unilateral hearing loss. Study design: Retrospective cohort analysis. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Patients: Children with permanent congenital unilateral hearing loss born between 2007 and 2018. Patients were referred after universal newborn hearing screening or by a colleague to confirm the diagnosis and perform etiological examinations. Main outcome measures: Hearing loss type, severity, and evolution linked with the results of etiological testing. Results: In the 121 included children, aural atresia is the leading cause of congenital unilateral hearing loss (32%), followed by structural anomalies (19%) and cCMV (13%), whereas 24% remained idiopathic after etiological work-up. Severity is mainly moderately severe (33% with 56–70 dB hearing loss, majority aural atresia) or profound (31% with > 90 dB hearing loss, predominantly cochlear nerve deficiency). Syndromic features were present in 26%. Although discussed with all parents, only 26% of the children regularly used hearing amplification. Conclusions: Congenital conductive unilateral hearing loss is mainly caused by aural atresia, which proportion in congenital unilateral hearing loss proved higher than previously reported. Cochlear nerve deficiency and cCMV are the predominant etiologies of congenital unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Etiological work-up in affected patients is mandatory as it might impact the approach, and syndromic features should be actively searched for.


The investigation was aimed at studying the culture and cultural relevance of changpa nomads. The study was conducted in Changthang region of Nyoma block of Leh district of J&K state. 100% of the changpa nomad's respondents celebrate losar festival and Guston. The losar festival marks the beginning of New Year in ladakh and is considered to be the most important festival of the region. Respondents from all the villages celebrate Losar (New Year), Dalia Lama's birthday with feast and prayer in gompas (monasteries) people enjoyed a good stage fight between the good and the evil. Every year the date and the location of the festival, losar change. The result also revealed that 13.3% of respondents believed in polyandry form of marriage because they believe that property will not be divided and will remain in the same family. Polyandry was prevalent only in the age of 35 - 50 years of respondents which clearly indicate that earlier generation believed in polyandry whereas the present generations do not believe in polyandry system. Regarding number of husbands 13.3% of respondents had two husbands and all husbands were brothers in relation.


In this paper, we propose a two-phase biomedical named entity(NE) recognition method based on SVMs. We first recognize biomedical terms, and then assign appropriate semantic classes to the recognized terms. In the two-phase NE recognition method, the performance of term recognition is critical to the overall performance of the system because term recognition errors can be propagated to the semantic classification phase. In this study, we try to improve the performance of term recognition by using lexical knowledge. We utilize salient NPs and collocations as lexical knowledge extracted from raw corpus. In addition, we use morphological knowledge extracted from training data as features for learning SVM classifiers. Experimental results show that our system obtains an F-measure of 62.97% on the test data, and that the performance can be improved upto 2.82% by using lexical knowledge.


Golf is including some scenical factors and the existence of complex factors to characterize holes visually might be estimated. And recent landscape architect has realized that golf courses have to be designed by based on a visual aspects. Therefore this study was focused on composing factors which is making up golf course holes and proposed basic data for landscape architectural design of golf course hole. The purpose of this study is the examination of the relations between visual images and configurations in holes. the results may be summarized as following; 1) The classification of the basic configuration in holes and of some parameters characterizing holes visually were proposed. 2) Heights of Teeing Ground and angles of Dogleg were used as main parameters in psychological experiments. 3) The visual alterations of the basic configuration in dogleg hole are examined by computer graphic systems and psychological experiments.


Java is becoming more and more popular on the Internet for its high stability,high security and its powerful capability.It provide a brand new way to share data and develop database application.Introduces the methods to visit the database by JDBC,the structure of JDBC system,and to develop database application by JDBC.


AbstractThis paper shows the extent to which the application of real-time control techniques can help in reducing the flows discharged from quality oriented combined sewer overflow (CSO) devices in sewer systems. To this end, a quality oriented CSO device, namely the high-crested side-weir (HCSW) with downstream gate, was taken into account for the analysis. A numerical model able to simulate routing of flows in proximity to CSO devices was specifically used to evaluate the benefits of the HCSW with downstream gate, in comparison with the more traditional low-crested side-weir (LCSW), and the coupled use of HCSWs and in-sewer mobile gates controlled in real time. The model was applied by considering four different modeling scenarios to the case study of a sewer catchment in Italy, in which real storm-water events had been recorded during previous experimental investigations. Results of the simulations prove the HCSW with downstream gate always considerably reduces CSO volumes in comparison with LCSW overf...


Melorheostosis in rehabilitation Melorheostosis is a rare disease characterized by a linear hyperostosis of the cortex, of unknown etiology, that can affect almost any bony structure in the body, being more common in long bones. Melorheostosis affecting the skull or spine is unusual. A cranial or spinal form of melorheostosis requiring neurosurgical intervention is even more unusual. Depending on the aggressiveness of the desease, some patients will need rehabilitation because the pathological fractures of the bones can cause serious losses to the functional capacity, making the rehabilitation very important for the improvement of the quality of life of these patients.


ABSTRACT Climate change is imposing high temperature resulting in prolonged drought episodes and shrinking of fresh water resources across the globe. In this scenario, even drought tolerant crops like quinoa are also losing significant yield. However, this study was planned to investigate the impact of drought on quinoa at critical growth stages and bacterial inoculation to improve drought tolerance. Drought was imposed by maintaining 25% pot water holding capacity (PWC) at multiple leaf, flowering, and seed filling stage (DSFS), while 80% PWC was considered as control. Three strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) named as: Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Azospirillum brasilense were inoculated with quinoa seeds before sowing with respect to drought treatments. PGPR inoculation mitigated the drastic effects of drought by improving crop growth, net assimilation rate, water use efficiency, leaf chlorophyll, and phenolic contents, all of these ultimately contributed to improvement in grain yield and its contributing attributes. Moreover, PGPR markedly improves the grain quality attributes including protein, phosphorus, and potassium contents. Principal component analysis linked the different scales of study and demonstrated the potential of physio-biochemical traits to explain the quinoa yield variations under drought condition with response to PGPR inoculation. Among different PGPR, A. brasilense was found most effective both under normal and drought conditions. Overall, DSFS has more detrimental effects among critical growth stages of quinoa and A. brasilense can be used as a shotgun tactic to ameliorate drought stress in quinoa.


Background: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in a representative Lebanese cohort and to describe practice prevalence trends, disease characteristics, and impact on quality of life (QoL) of IBD patients in Lebanon. Methods: All of a university‐based health program's 2000–2004 computerized records that listed a diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) were reviewed. In addition, data on patients seen in the gastroenterology clinics and data from the IBD registry at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC) from the same period were analyzed. Results: Of 15,073 insured individuals, 8 had a diagnosis of CD and 16 of UC, giving an age‐adjusted prevalence of 53.1 per 100,000 people for CD and 106.2 per 100,000 people for UC. The mean age at diagnosis for patients with CD and UC was 28.8 ± 11.1 and 32.0 ± 13.4 years, respectively, and there was a slight female predominance. The mean annual incidence was 4.1 per 100,000 people for UC and 1.4 per 100,000 people for CD (range, 0–6.9/100,000 for both). Of the 10,383 patients seen in the gastroenterology clinic from 2000 to 2004, 251 (2.4%) had IBD (142 UC, 100 CD, and 9 indeterminate), a ratio that trended upward over time (range, 1.8%–2.7%). The median IBD Quality‐of‐Life (IBDQ) questionnaire score was 124.9 ± 30.5, indicating that the disease had a moderately severe impact on QoL. Conclusions: The prevalence of IBD in this representative Lebanese cohort falls in the intermediate range of that reported for white populations in Europe and North America. Future studies are needed to examine local risk factors, disease genotypes and phenotypes, and epidemiologic time trends. The psychosocial burden of IBD in Lebanon appears significant.


A critical step in the dissemination of ovarian cancer cells is the formation of multicellular spheroids from cells shed from the primary tumor. The objectives of this study were to establish and validate bioengineered three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments for culturing ovarian cancer cells in vitro and simultaneously to develop computational models describing the growth of multicellular spheroids in these bioengineered matrices. Cancer cells derived from human epithelial ovarian carcinoma were embedded within biomimetic hydrogels of varying stiffness and cultured for up to 4 weeks. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify the dependence of cell proliferation and apoptosis on matrix stiffness, long-term culture and treatment with the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel. Two computational models were developed. In the first model, each spheroid was treated as an incompressible porous medium, whereas in the second model the concept of morphoelasticity was used to incorporate details about internal stresses and strains. Each model was formulated as a free boundary problem. Functional forms for cell proliferation and apoptosis motivated by the experimental work were applied and the predictions of both models compared with the output from the experiments. Both models simulated how the growth of cancer spheroids was influenced by mechanical and biochemical stimuli including matrix stiffness, culture time and treatment with paclitaxel. Our mathematical models provide new perspectives on previous experimental results and have informed the design of new 3D studies of multicellular cancer spheroids. Suggested Reviewers: Claudia Fischbach Cornell University, New York, Department of Biomedical Engineering firstname.lastname@example.com bioengineered 3D microenvironments Robyn P Araujo George Mason University, Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine email@example.com mathematical modeling to study cancer growth Marcus Tindall University of Reading, UK, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research email@example.com Robert A Gatenby University of Arizona, Departments of Radiology and Applied Mathematics email@example.com


We study the problem of bandwidth allocation with multiple interferences. In this problem the input consists of a set of users and a set of base stations. Each user has a list of requests, each consisting of a base station, a frequency demand, and a profit that may be gained by scheduling this request. The goal is to find a maximum profit set of user requests S that satisfies the following conditions: (i) S contains at most one request per user, (ii) the frequency sets allotted to requests in S that correspond to the same base station are pairwise non-intersecting, and (iii) the QoS received by any user at any frequency is reasonable according to an interference model. In this paper we consider two variants of bandwidth allocation with multiple interferences. In the first each request specifies a demand that can be satisfied by any subset of frequencies that is large enough. In the second each request specifies a specific frequency interval. Furthermore, we consider two interference models, multiplicative and additive. We show that these problems are extremely hard to approximate if the interferences depend on both the interfered and the interfering base stations. On the other hand, we provide constant factor approximation algorithms for both variants of bandwidth allocation with multiple interferences for the case where the interferences depend only on the interfering base stations. We also consider a restrictive special case that is closely related to the Knapsack problem. We show that this special case is NP-hard and that it admits an FPTAS.


This paper introduces the collection and utilization of grey literatures in China and foreign countries,analyzes the main problems existing in the research and utilization of grey literature in China,and advances some measures for the construction and development of grey literature resources.


Narrative perspective is a very important concept in narratology. It is of great significance to make researches on this subject. Furthermore, it is pioneering to make a contrastive study between the novel's original version and its translation versions in terms of narrative perspective. By adopting the research approach of close reading, this paper explores the unique skill of Hemingway's using and transferring of narrative perspectives in his masterpiece The Old Man and the Sea and also makes contrastive analysis of some translations from its four Chinese versions. With the analysis ,the paper attempts to present how well the translators grasp the original text and the skills used by the author; illustrates that the success of the translation relies on keeping consistence with the original text during the process of translation;and also points out that translators should pay more attention to narrative perspectives of the original text and try to keep with them in their translation and realize the translation equivalence so that the reader of the translation versions can appreciate the exact style of the original text and have a better understanding.


Wael B. Hallaq's Restating Orientalism: A Critique of Modern Knowledge interrogates what he proposes are canonized misconceptions of Orientalism by examining the trends in discourse that have emerged since the publication of Edward Said's seminal work in 1978. It builds on Hallaq's other contributions to the field on the topics of modernity, politics, and Islamic law over the last forty years, most notably Sharī'a: Theory, Practice, Transformations (Cambridge University Press, 2009) and The Impossible State: Islam, Politics, and Modernity's Moral Predicament (Columbia University Press, 2013). In the paratextual material, Hallaq advises readers to treat Sharī'a and The Impossible State as required preliminary reading in order to gain the firmest grasp on the present monograph's claims, given that it functions as a sequel of sorts to these writings. Additionally, he suggests that readers engage with the contents of Restating Orientalism in chronological


Since the advent of nanoscale material based electronic devices, there has been a considerable interest in exploring carbon nanotubes from fundamental science and technological perspectives. In car ...


Electron concentration and Hall mobility have been investigated in pure zinc oxide single crystals, while in the dark and under ultraviolet (UV) excitation. Mode of scattering in ZnO has been determined by studying the temperature dependence of various electrical parameters in the range from -170 to 120°C. It has been observed that the degradation to the crystals by UV irradiation is limited only to the surface layer and shows up only at relatively lower temperatures, which is in contrast to the degradation behavior in thin films and powders.


Reintroduced environments represent stressful conditions to plants that can be observed in different ways. We evaluated the relationships between fluctuating asymmetry (FA), herbivory, and plant ontogeny of Chamaecrista semaphora (Fabaceae) under natural and restored habitat conditions. The patterns of leaf FA and herbivory by folivorous insects (chewing) on saplings and mature plants in each habitat were determined. No relationship was found between FA and herbivory on the two ontogenetic stages in both environments, suggesting that FA did not represent an indicator of stress. The frequency and amount of leaf area removed by folivores were higher in saplings compared to adult plants under the natural habitat, while the opposite trend was observed on restored habitat for adult plants. The restored habitat did not represent an environmental stress condition to C. semaphora, indicating that this endemic plant may represent a good candidate to restoration programs in harsh environments. However, we observed great differences in leaf FA and herbivory among individuals within habitats. Knowledge on plant quality, competition, physiology, and interactions with natural enemies are highly needed to support long lasting programmes on restoration of harsh environments.


To the Editor:

With the development of new therapeutic agents and combination treatment strategies, more children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) can experience protracted periods of low disease activity levels and, in some cases, complete disease quiescence. These advances create a need for the development of validated criteria that precisely describe the clinical state of disease quiescence.

We previously reported that serum interleukin 18 (IL-18) levels in patients with sJIA were extremely high during the active phase and remained significantly elevated even when other markers of disease activity normalized1. We also reported that serum IL-18 levels at birth in a healthy infant born to a woman with active adult-onset Still's disease were markedly increased, and this increase persisted for about 1 month2. These findings indicate that it takes several months for extremely elevated serum IL-18 levels to normalize under physiological conditions.

In our study, we serially measured serum IL-18 levels in 11 patients with sJIA (age 10.2 ± 7.6 yrs, male:female = 3:8) until they had relapsed or achieved remission to investigate the kinetics of serum IL-18 levels from the active phase to remission. Further, we investigated the correlation between serum IL-18 and IL-6 levels in these patients. Among 11 patients, 4 patients were enrolled in our previous study1, while 7 patients …

Address correspondence to Dr. M. Shimizu, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan. E-mail: shimizum{at}staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp


Applicability of Fluidized bed heat exchanger for freeze concentration of apple juice was tested in this study. Operating conditions were varied by testing two concentrations (12 and 16Brix), two particles sizes (4 and 5mm equilateral cylindrical particles), cooling rate of 900-3000W and bed porosities of 0.95-0.76. Column stability was manifested by stable overall heat transfer coefficient and stable pressure drop across the fluidized bed. Maximum stable cooling rate was obtained for different sets of operating conditions and was found to be increasing with decrease in bed porosity and increase in solution concentration, while particle size had a negligible effect.


The aim of this paper is to present a brief history of ancient Indian mathematicians. We want to summarize the results and contributions of Indian mathematicians which were made in the period from the first civilization in Indian subcontinent to 5 th century AD when classical era of Indian mathematics began.


INTRODUCTION Address for correspondence: Prof. Dr. Ahmed M. Azam, Department of physiotherapy for developmental disturbance and pediatric surgery, Faculty of physical therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. E-Mail: email@example.com International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research, Int J Physiother Res 2017, Vol 5(6):2566-71. ISSN 2321-1822 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2017.250


An electrical interface may include a switching mechanism and a control module. The switching mechanism can selectively couple a source of electricity to a load and the control module can be coupled to the switching mechanism. The control module may generate a query for information from a web server and control the switching mechanism based on a response to the query.


The condensation of over-expanded supersonic steam jet in subcooled water is experimentally investigated.The inlet steam pressure and subcooled water temperature are in the range of 0.2~0.6 MPa and 20~70℃,respectively.Four different steam plume shapes,including contraction, contraction-expansion-contraction,contraction-expansion-divergent and divergent shapes,are observed in present test conditions.The results indicate that,the steam plume shape is controlled by the inlet steam pressure and water temperature,and the condensation regime map is given.Moreover, the axial and radial temperature distributions along the steam plume and in the surrounding water are measured.The temperature intensely varies near the nozzle exit,and tends to gradually decay to the ambient water temperature.The results indicate that the axial temperature distributions represent the steam plume shapes.


Abstract A novel test is described that visualizes the absolute model-data fit of the substitution and tree components of an evolutionary model. The test utilizes statistics based on counts of character state matches and mismatches in alignments of observed and simulated sequences. This comparison is used to assess model-data fit. In simulations conducted to evaluate the performance of the test, the test estimator was able to identify both the correct tree topology and substitution model under conditions where the Goldman–Cox test—which tests the fit of a substitution model to sequence data and is also based on comparing simulated replicates with observed data—showed high error rates. The novel test was found to identify the correct tree topology within a wide range of DNA substitution model misspecifications, indicating the high discriminatory power of the test. Use of this test provides a practical approach for assessing absolute model-data fit when testing phylogenetic hypotheses.


The chromatic filtering of thermal radiation has been applied to the process monitoring and the auto-focus control in pulsed laser welding. The transmittance of thermal radiation from a weld pool depends on a position of radiation source in a weld pool and on the distance of the weld pool from a focusing lens. Its dependence has been analyzed to monitor the variations in weld pool size and to control the focus shift in a pulsed laser welding. The chromatic filtering has many advantages if the thermal radiation is measured when the weld pool size is reduced to the laser spot size. This requirement is easily satisfied in a pulsed laser welding by measuring the thermal radiation between the laser pulses during the cooling stage. However, it can not be satisfied for CW laser welding where the weld pool size is always larger than the laser spot size except at the beginning of laser welding.To apply the chromatic filtering to a CW laser welding, the algorithm measuring the size of a weld pool is analyzed and the requirements to obtain a reference size in measuring the increment or the decrement of weld pool size from that reference size in absolute value are shown. This weld pool size variation is used in monitoring the power variation at a workpiece or the weld depth in a CW laser welding. However, this weld pool size monitoring depends on the focus shift. Therefore, to make it useful in industry, it is essential to keep the focus position in some range required in the weld pool size monitoring. The optimization of optical parameters to minimize the induced error from a power variation in the focus shift monitoring is shown. It turns out that the focus shift can be controlled in the required range at the weld pool size of up to 1.5 times the laser spot size. In conclusion, the weld pool size variation can be monitored and the focus shift can be controlled in the required range in a CW laser welding as well as in a pulsed laser welding.The chromatic filtering of thermal radiation has been applied to the process monitoring and the auto-focus control in pulsed laser welding. The transmittance of thermal radiation from a weld pool depends on a position of radiation source in a weld pool and on the distance of the weld pool from a focusing lens. Its dependence has been analyzed to monitor the variations in weld pool size and to control the focus shift in a pulsed laser welding. The chromatic filtering has many advantages if the thermal radiation is measured when the weld pool size is reduced to the laser spot size. This requirement is easily satisfied in a pulsed laser welding by measuring the thermal radiation between the laser pulses during the cooling stage. However, it can not be satisfied for CW laser welding where the weld pool size is always larger than the laser spot size except at the beginning of laser welding.To apply the chromatic filtering to a CW laser welding, the algorithm measuring the size of a weld pool is analyzed and th...


from the program of this meeting that we intend to dissect the obstacles to child labor reform this evening, and a number of them are enumerated on the program about which we shall hear from various speakers. Among these forces, in addition to unequal laws, are the false economic ideas of many persons engaged in industry, the demand for cheap labor, the indifference of the Church and moral forces, inadequate schools and school facilities. I suppose that the list might have been very much enlarged by the Program Committee if there were time to include more speakers in a single evening's discussion. There are, of course, very many obstacles to child labor reform which ought to be removed, it would seem, by a mere statement of the case with respect to the rights of childhood. At first sight we would naturally think that unequal laws were a gain rather than a hindrance in this struggle, that experiments in different states would prove different things, and that from this combined experi-


Motivated by the need to strengthen the logical and empirical adequacy of the theory of dynamic managerial capabilities, this study employed the theory elaboration approach to investigate how the largely unexplored phenomenon of dynamic managerial capabilities of front-line managers affects two organizations operating in a moderately dynamic context of the Norwegian municipal sector. By focusing on the entrepreneurial function embedded in the dynamic managerial capabilities of front-line managers, our findings revealed three additional dimensions of the established procedural typologies. Moreover, we also found that the identified capabilities and their underpinnings endowed the frontline managers with the attributes of entrepreneurship and leadership. These attributes led to high entrepreneurial performance at the bottom of the organization and allowed it to be more innovative and adaptable.


The goal of this program is the development of practical sources of coherent vacuum ultraviolet radiation. During this reporting period the primary effort has been on the development of a new type of VUV light source based on spontaneous anti-Stokes scattering. This type of source may prove bright enough to serve as a pump for very short wavelength lasers. Details of the work are included. In addition, on investigation of factors limiting the efficiency of 3547 A to 1182 A generation in Xe was completed; a manuscript describing the results has been accepted for publication the IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics.


This paper first examines the number and types of railway level crossings in Australia. Then it considers the number of road user/train accidents at each type of railway level crossing and the trends of those accidents, especially in fatalities and injuries.


Recent developments in mirror production technology have resulted in improved corrosion resistance and a more environmentally friendly process. This article describes how mirror production processes have evolved.


Experiments involving competitive and cooperative adsorption of pyridine, Cl/sup -/, SCN/sup -/, and Tl, and voltage-induced resonance shifting show that the largest surface-enhanced Raman scattering intensity comes from complexes of these species adsorbed on defects which cover less than 3% of the Ag surface. The resonance is attributed to charge transfer excitation from Ag to pyridine and from SCN/sup -/ to Ag which is communicated to all vibrations of the complex.


Recruiters from 8 telecommunications companies interviewed applicants or incumbents in four studies of the psychometric properties of structured behavioral interviews for management and marketing positions. Results yielded an interrater reliability estimate of.64 (n=37), a mean criterion-related validity estimate of.22 (n∼500), evidence of convergent and discriminant validity, and small race and sex differences. In a fifth study, 3 doctoral students rated audiotapes and written summaries of 146 interviews conducted by recruiters. Results show that valid judgments are possible from information about interviewees'past behavior even without access to nonverbal cues in the interview itself and that judgmental accuracy is related to amount of relevant behavioral information, which, in turn, is related to interviewers' questioning skills


We show that external magnetic fields increase the strength of explicit center symmetry breaking induced by dynamical quarks. To study the consequences on deconfinement, we perform a schematic mean-field calculation of the Polyakov loop and its fluctuations, and find that the transition is shifted towards lower temperatures. We also show qualitatively how light quarks affect the magnetic field dependence of the deconfinement temperature in an effective model.


Numerical technique in rock fracture mechanics have become indispensable tools for solving all kinds of science and engineering problems.Extensive research has been carried out for the development of new numerical methods to determine the stress intensity factors(SIFs).Due to the varied engineering conditions in the practical area,it is imperative to develop new numerical methods or to explore alternative techniques for the purpose of solving the complicated problems and to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the existing or new numerical methods.In recent years,scholars investigate methods of the various tests and focus on the mode-I,mode-II and mixed-mode I-II.The mode III fracture is still in the initial stage.However,the rock mass often occurs in mode-III fracture under load in underground engineering and slope engineering.Thus,the development of mode-III SIF will help to study the behavior of rock fracture. This thesis presents the dual boundary element methods(dual-BEM) or single-domain BEM to analyze anisotropic rocks in mode-III fracture and adopts the FORTRAN language to develop the numerical program.For anisotropic rocks of mode-III fracture,the SIF along the crack front can be discussed.The aim of these discussions are to compare the variation of SIFs(KI,KII and KIII) for different crack length,material width,material inclined angle and the anisotropic influence in transversely isotropic material.Further,the value of KIII can be discussed.


ABSTRACT In this paper considering an appropriate transformation on the Lindley distribution, we propose the unit-Lindley distribution and investigate some of its statistical properties. An important fact associated with this new distribution is that it is possible to obtain the analytical expression for bias correction of the maximum likelihood estimator. Moreover, it belongs to the exponential family. This distribution allows us to incorporate covariates directly in the mean and consequently to quantify their influences on the average of the response variable. Finally, a practical application is presented to show that our model fits much better than the Beta regression.


Probabilistic Neural Network(PNN) is proposed for air-raid target identification in this paper.Firstly,the characters of air-raid target,such as the velocity,the altitude,the mobile acceleration and the radar reflect area are distilled about and normalized for the input data,then,PNN model is obtained for air-raid target identification.The highly accurate result simulated by Matlab shows that the PNN is simply-built,runs fast,and is an effective method of air-raid target identification.


The dynamic growth in green organic synthetic methodologies for diverse heterocyclic scaffolds has substantially contributed to the field of medicinal chemistry over the last few decades. The use of hybrid metal nanocatalysts (NCs) is one such benign strategy for ensuring the advancement of modern synthetic chemistry by adhering to the principles of green chemistry, which call for a sustainable catalytic system that converts reacting species into profitable chemicals at a faster rate and tends to reduce waste generation. The metal nanoparticles (NPs) enhance the exposed surface area of the catalytic active sites, thereby making it easier for reactants and metal NCs to have an effective interaction. Several review articles have been published on the preparation of metal NCs and their uses for various catalytic heterocyclic transformations. This review will summarize different metal NCs for the efficient green synthesis of various O-heterocycles. Furthermore, the review will provide a concise overview of the role of metal NCs in the synthesis of O-heterocycles and will be extremely useful to researchers working on developing novel green and simple synthetic pathways to various O-heterocyclic-derived molecules.


An efficient medical image retrieval system involves several stages including preprocessing, feature extraction, classification, retrieval and indexing. For retrieval of images, Euclidian distance method values are calculated between the query image and database images. In all the existing methods, various visual features have been considered indirectly to retrieve the images from databases. This chapter presents implementation and result analysis of some of the existing methods that are presented in literature review in order to assess the exact retrieval performance of these works and derive best out of them for further investigation.


Purpose:  To investigate the association between genetic cardiovascular risk factors and exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) in a White Austrian population.


"both the design of Leninism's core institutions and the patterns of political struggle among Communists from 1848 to 1991 were rooted in the conception of time set out in the work of Karl Marx" (p. 19). This thesis leads Hanson to some interesting revisions of common wisdom and to some original stands on one side or the other of recurring debates in sovietology. For example, Hanson joins those who see continuity in the writings of Marx, Lenin, and Stalin, but he argues that this continuity is rooted in their common conceptions of time. In this vein, Hanson disputes the traditional view of Stalin as an intellectual mediocrity and, instead, argues that Stalin alone among the heirs to Lenin understood the charismatic-rational conception of time and how to apply this to the task of building economic institutions. Gorbachev emerges as the heir to this Marxist tradition, trying to move to the next stage by creating a culture based on mass internalization of the Marxist norms of revolutionary time transcendence. Hanson does leave some pieces missing in his case for the centrality of conceptions of time in Marxist thought and practice. First, Hanson owes us a more careful explanation of how the introduction of the concept of time to our reading of Marxist texts improves on conventional interpretations. Much of Hanson's discussion of the writings of Marx and Lenin and the debates among their respective disciples is a familiar recounting. For example, it is part of the conventional wisdom that Bernstein, Kautsky, and Luxemburg disagreed over the timing of the socialist revolution. What did we fail to understand that required the introduction of the Weberian typology? Second, Hanson needs to demonstrate that these conceptions of time actually affected Soviet practice. Although the author's strong claim is the causal force of ideas, there is little discussion of Soviet practice and no careful analysis to show that conceptions of time better explain these practices than do more conventional, and far simpler, explanations.


The South Australian Division of Ag Institute Australia has been active providing events, information and awards for our South Australian members. Our aim has been to help build value in the membership beyond the activities of National Office such as the weekly alert, the Journal, accreditation, professional representation and national events.


In this study an attempt has been made to review the use of anode material for Li ion batteries, with a special focus on Cobalt Ferrite. The review includes a discussion of historical background, review of Cobalt Ferrite and some yesteryear anode materials.


The paper studies the effects of anticipated earnings announcements on liquidity before the earnings announcement day, utilizing full limit order book data. We find very convincing supportive evidence of deteriorating liquidity due to the increase in information asymmetry, which is in line with existing literature. We contribute to the literature showing that supply and demand elasticities, and hence overall market depth, are much stronger adversely affected, as best bid and best ask quotes would suggest.


Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor and most resistant to therapy. The identification of novel predictive biomarkers or targets to counteract chemoresistance, requires a better understanding of the GBM primary response to therapy. The aim of our study was to assess the molecular response of GBM to the standard of care chemotherapy by temozolomide (TMZ). We established a comprehensive map of gene expression changes after treatment and discovered that GBM cells elicit a coordinated gene expression program after chemotherapy that differs between sensitive and resistant cells. We found that a novel class of genes expressed as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is involved in gene regulatory circuits in GBM and could represent novel markers of GBM patient prognosis. By shedding light on the involvement of the non-coding genome in GBM, our results may provide new mechanistic insight on lncRNAs and their importance in chemoresistance. Abstract Resistance to chemotherapy by temozolomide (TMZ) is a major cause of glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence. So far, attempts to characterize factors that contribute to TMZ sensitivity have largely focused on protein-coding genes, and failed to provide effective therapeutic targets. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators of epigenetic-driven cell diversification, yet, their contribution to the transcriptional response to drugs is less understood. Here, we performed RNA-seq and small RNA-seq to provide a comprehensive map of transcriptome regulation upon TMZ in patient-derived GBM stem-like cells displaying different drug sensitivity. In a search for regulatory mechanisms, we integrated thousands of molecular associations stored in public databases to generate a background "RNA interactome". Our systems-level analysis uncovered a coordinated program of TMZ response reflected by regulatory circuits that involve transcription factors, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. We discovered 22 lncRNAs involved in regulatory loops and/or with functional relevance in drug response and prognostic value in gliomas. Thus, the investigation of TMZ-induced gene networks highlights novel RNA-based predictors of chemosensitivity in GBM. The computational modeling used to identify regulatory circuits underlying drug response and prioritizing gene candidates for functional validation is applicable to other datasets.


This article critically examines BAPCA's debtor education provisions and provides some initial ideas about how one might redesign an appropriate course for bankruptcy debtors.


The effects of BHA,BHT,TBHQ,Vc on Maillard reaction products(MRPs) were tested in asparagine-glucose and glycine-glucose reaction system respectively at 160℃.The results showed that the number of peaks,the area of total peaks and single peak were greatly influenced by the antioxidants,and the MPRs were more influenced by the antioxidants in glycine-glucose reaction system than in asparagine-glucose reaction system at the same condition.


A series of copolymers of acrylamide(AM)and styrene(ST)emulsion were synthesized by emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization technique and the hydrolysis reaction of these were investigated.The degrees of hydrolysis were messured by colloid titration in hydrolysis process.Ef- fects of the reaction conditions on the surface charges and the particle size of hydrolysates were discussed.The results showed that the effects of temper- atures on reaction rate and conversion were larger,and the hydrolysis increased surface charges.The degrees of hydrolysis increased with the increase in amounts of NaOH.The molar ratio of acrylamide and styrene did not influence the degrees much.


This research The Competitive Advantages Of Vietnam Footwear Industry: An Analysis conducted during the period from January2014 to January2016. The research result showed that there were 500 enterprisesrelated footwear but 458 processed and 42 missed. Besides, all of enterprisesinterviewed and answered nearly 23 questions. The researcher had analyzed KMO test, the result of KMO analysis used for multiple regression analysis. The enterprise responses measured through an adapted questionnaire on a 5-point Likert scale. Hard copy and interviewenterpriseby questionnaire distributed among enterprisesof the provinces of Vietnam. The regression analysis results showed that there were four factors, which included of factors following: Strengths (S), Weakness (W), Opportunity (O) and Threat (T) actually affected the competitive advantages of Vietnam footwear industrywith 5 % significance level.


The Tamarack State Wildlife Area in eastern Colorado is being investigated as a possible managed recharge project to redirect flows in the South Platte River for water quantity management. Two primary surface water/groundwater interactions exist at Tamarack: (1) between the South Platte River and alluvial aquifer and (2) between backwater sloughs, or secondary river channels, and the alluvial aquifer. Knowledge of river/slough/groundwater interaction could play a vital role in the design and operation of the recharge system. Quantifying the magnitude of stream/aquifer interaction requires estimates of the streambed hydraulic conductivity. Silt, clay, and organic materials are often deposited in streams resulting in the streambed having a lower hydraulic conductivity than the underlying alluvial aquifer. A stream/aquifer analysis test is performed at the site to investigate the surface water/groundwater interaction during alluvial well depletions. Water levels are measured in the alluvial aquifer, slough, and South Platte River to determine the depletive effects of pumping. The stream/aquifer analysis test is also used to investigate the use of recently proposed analytical solutions for inversely estimating streambed conductivity and aquifer parameters from observed aquifer drawdown. Estimates of aquifer parameters are compared to data from recent aquifer tests and estimates from published reports. Estimated streambed conductivity is compared to in-situ measurements using falling-head permeameter tests.


The invention discloses a field hydrostatic test method for a water-proof system of a building deformation joint. The method comprises the following steps of: cutting an anchor type externally attached water stop tie according to length of the deformation joint; when adhering the anchor type externally attached water stop tie, pre-forming a groove on the two sides of the deformation joint respectively, injecting an adhesive into the groove, and arranging anchor parts at the two wings of the anchor type externally attached water stop tie in the grooves; laying a polyethylene-polypropylene coiled material isolating layer on the anchor type externally attached water stop tie; then mounting a steel plate protection layer on concrete on the two sides of the deformation joint, wherein the steelplate protection layer is pressed on the polyethylene-polypropylene coiled material isolating layer to protect the anchor type externally attached water stop tie; opening two pipe joints which lead into the cavity of the deformation joint respectively; injecting water into the deformation joint through one pipe joint and discharging gas through the other pipe joint; and after the water is injected, sealing the pipe joint for discharging gas and performing hydrostatic test on the water-proof system of the deformation joint. In the method, the field hydrostatic test can be performed on the water-proof system of the deformation, so that the water-proof reliability is improved; and a simple structure and low cost are guaranteed.


Satellites have an inherent advantage for reaching large audiences. In the recent past, a trend has emerged to include also multicast applications in the design of new satellite systems, e.g., SATIN [1] or Ku-mobile [2]. A challenging subtopic of this approach is the question how to transmit multicast information reliably, either for the fixed or mobile applications. In the second case, the effect of the relative long durations of blockages due to buildings or other obstacles has to be taken into account.


Our experiments constitute part of an investigation on the alleged relation of the adrenal medulla to certain diseases, particularly diabetes mellitus and hypertension. The supposition of such a relation is a basis for the clinical practice of surgical intervention at the adrenals or roentgen irradiation of the adrenal region as a therapeutic measure. Therefore it is important to determine if possible whether this alleged relationship can be supported by unequivocal experimental evidence. The prevailing concept that increased epinephrine secretion from the adrenal glands has an important role in the etiology and the pathology of hypertension rests largely on the experimental basis for the theory of an "emergency" function of the adrenals. In a discussion of their experiments on epinephrine secretion during emotional excitement, on which the well known emergency theory rests, Cannon and de la Paz 1 stated: Injected epinephrine is capable of inducing an atheromatous condition of the arterial


authors' response #1: It is important to note that the results shown are for in-plane and out-of-plane vibration amplitude, and not the absolute displacement from the undeformed state. The amplitude of vibration of the out-of-plane motion can certainly be lower than the in-plane motion, as this is dependent on the turbulence level, shear, wind speed, etc. (contrary to the absolute displacement, which, as you mention, is much higher in the out-of-plane direction, in particular for wind speeds close to rated speed). In addition, the measured behavior is in accordance with the aeroelastic simulations. Therefore, the authors do not see an issue with the shown results.


Now, shortly before the end of the 20th century, it is clear how tragic the beginning of this century was; when in a few years millions of lives were lost in the vortex of the first world war. The First World War was especially tragic for Russia that lost autocratic grandeur as well as its internal stability and order. These events mirrored the terrifying prediction of Petr Nikolaevich Durnovo, a member of the State Council, and baron Roman Romanovich Rozen,1 former ambassador to Japan, who considered that participation in the war in Europe would drag Russia into revolution. However, the tsar and the government were deaf to this prediction, so the nightmare became a reality. Events in the Far East were just a faint echo of the struggle of giants in the West and, as John Stephan notes, "from Vladivostok, Berlin looked less threatening than Tokyo."2 The possibility of war with Japan was in the air in the Russian Far East from 1914 to the beginning of Japanese intervention in 1918. Memories of the recent 19041905 war with Japan was a warning of the possibility of new bloodshed. The remoteness of European Russia, with its army and armoury, and the proximity of a well equipped army of a neighbouring country alerted Russia to the outcome of a possible collision and gave rise to rumors about the approach of this conflict. In 1909, Russia's periodicals and even the Priamur Governor-General, Pavel Fedorovich Unterberger, continuously repeated a rumor about the approachment of a war with Japan, and military officers were ready to send their families to the other side of the Urals.3 Brittle peace with Japan was very important to Russia, as according to former Minister of Finance, Sergei Iulievich Witte, Russia needed peace for the reconstruction of economics undermined by the Russo-Japanese War and the Revolution of 1905. As the domestic and foreign policy of Japan during the First World War is meticulously researched in the monograph recently published by Frederic Dickinson,4 the present paper concentrates on the relations of Japan with its closest