Objective To survey the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in the general population of Shenzhen City. Methods Blood samples from 3 439 individuals were collected and assayed for thyrotropin, free T3/T4 were detected in those with abnormal thyrotropin using quantitative chemilluminescence. Results The positive rates of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were 0.5%, 0.52%, 2.1% and 1.9%, respectively. Conclusions The thyroid functional disorders are mainly in subclinical types and their incidences vary greatly in different age and sex groups in Shenzhen City.


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden. CKD originally indicates a high-risk state of future hemodialysis and is now known as an independent contributor to cardiovascular disease and stroke. According to a recent systematic review and metaanalysis, stroke risk increases linearly and additively with declining glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and increasing albuminuria. In the last decade, several studies with medium sample sizes reported a significant association between CKD and stroke outcomes. However, there have been little data showing the association within a large-scale populationbased setting. In the present study, Nugroho and colleagues assessed the association between admission estimated GFR (eGFR) and acute stroke outcomes, including patients with and without renal replacement therapy, using the Shiga Stroke Registry. The Shiga Stroke Registry is a multicenter, population-based, stroke registry covering all stroke cases in Shiga Prefecture (population: 1.4 million). They showed that low eGFR (< 45 vs. 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m) was independently associated with in-hospital death and at-discharge death/disability (modified Rankin Scale 2–6) in ischemic stroke using a large-scale population-based database. Patients with renal replacement therapy had about a five-fold increased risk of in-hospital death compared with those with eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m in hemorrhagic stroke. Interestingly, they found that high eGFR (>90 vs. 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m) was positively associated with at-discharge death/disability in ischemic stroke. They also conducted a sensitivity analysis using a modified Rankin Scale 3–6 as the unfavorable outcome and found similar trends. The strong point of this study was that a large-scale population-based database was used and they included patients with and without renal replacement therapy. The weak points in this study were as follows. The Japan Coma Scale (JCS) is not familiar to people, except for Japanese physicians and researchers, although the JCS is a well-validated scale for predicting stroke outcome. In addition, the timing of the outcome (modified Rankin Scale) measure was not uniform because an at-discharge outcome was used. As the authors have mentioned, the mechanism underlying the relationship between renal function and poor stroke outcome has not been clearly understood. Because CKD and stroke share cardiovascular risk factors and these patients are likely to have multiple risk factors, an overlap of traditional risk factors (aging, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking) and nontraditional risk factors (chronic inflammation, asymmetric dimethylarginine, oxidative stress, sympathetic nerve overactivity, thrombogenic factors, and hyperhomocysteinemia) could trigger large infarcts with severe clinical symptoms and a tendency to stroke progression. Albuminuria is associated with increased inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress, which could cause excessive vascular damage, hemorrhagic transformation, and cerebral edema. Furthermore, fatal and unfavorable functional outcomes in patients with CKD might be partly attributed to acute kidney injury because CKD is a predictor of acute kidney injury. Although there are some studies showing a significant association between high eGFR and cardiovascular events in non-stroke patients , the association between high eGFR and unfavorable outcome is still inconclusive, and we need more data in acute stroke. Now, we recognize that CKD is an independent predictor of stroke outcome. Although the authors have discussed that a more vigilant management of acute Cerebrorenal Interaction and Stroke Outcome


The utility model provides a miniature loudspeaking device which integrates the filter circuit and the power regulation circuit. The miniature loudspeaking device mainly allows the filter circuit to filter the interference noise of the voice input signals so as to acquire the signals of the specific frequency band, and allows the power regulation circuit to regulate the power of the voice output signals; in addition to the function of the interference noise filtration, the filter circuit can further be designed based on the characteristics of the hearing range of human ears, so that the voice signals input into the loudspeaker can be efficiently converted into the signals within the hearing range of the human ears; and the optimal amplification/attenuation factor of the power regulation circuit can be designed based on the maximum power of the output signal and the acceptable power of the loudspeaker, thereby preventing the damage to the loudspeaker caused by higher power of the input signals than the acceptable power of the loudspeaker. Accordingly, the performance of the miniature loudspeaking device can be effectively improved and the higher reliability can also be ensured.


This is a case study about the importance of critical thinking and ethical reasoning in clinical work with stigmatized persons. Our professional ethics tell us that as social workers we have an obligation to social justice. By extension that implies justice itself. By studying a complicated forensic case—that of a young sex offender who also has a substantial history of sexual victimization in childhood and adolescence—I hope to demonstrate that examining our confirmation bias in work with stigmatized clients has more utility than the simple awareness of counter-transference. Given that stigma is ubiquitous, my thesis is that critical thinking and ethical reasoning are essential in work with stigmatized clients. As social workers we cannot eliminate stigma. But we can assist stigmatized clients in coping well and developing resilience that will support them in preventing relapse of the behaviors that led to their stigmatized status. When treatment is approached in that manner, the needs of both society and the client are best served. *Privacy Disclaimer: To protect the confidentiality of the client, identifying information has been disguised and certain details have been concealed. Prologue Charlie committed his offenses just one day after his 18th birthday. During the course of an afternoon he fondled two clothed boys in full public view in two different department stores. Technically, they were clumsy forms of frottage, wherein the offender will grope someone over their clothes in a crowded place like a subway train. Charlie's first target was an eight-year-old boy. He was standing next to his mother when Charlie groped his buttocks. Charlie then went to another store and saw an eightor nine-year-old boy in the pharmacy department. That boy was testing his blood pressure, seated, his arm in a cuff. Charlie groped the boy's crotch and then asked the shocked child if he would like to go with him to the men's restroom. Charlie saw that he was noticed, and he panicked. Instead of leaving the store, he went into the men's bathroom, where security guards apprehended him. After Charlie was arrested, the police found surgical gloves, Vaseline, bungee cord straps, and a large, serrated knife in the cab of his truck. Understandably, the police were alarmed. Somehow, the media was alerted and Charlie was on the six o'clock news. From this point forward, Charlie would have no control over his identity. He would be labeled a sex offender. Before he would be sentenced, neighbors would vandalize his parents' home. He would be denied employment and lose friends and supporters. Travel across state lines would be prohibited. To make matters worse, the paraphernalia found in his truck made him appear like a sadistic, violent offender. I was skeptical that I could help him on a voluntary, outpatient basis. After a relatively long period of engagement, he became one of the most noteworthy clients of my career. I learned a lot from working on his case, and it changed many of my previously held beliefs. Hopefully, I will demonstrate in this paper that a case narrative can yield new practice knowledge. Introduction: The Clinical Context In the early 1990s, many of my colleagues were working with trauma survivors, such as adult sexual abuse victims. In his book Crazy Like Us: The Globalization of the American Psyche, Ethan Watters (2011) tells us that "if you were an ambitious researcher in psychology or psychiatry during the 1990s, PTSD was where the action was" (p. 72). My colleagues claimed to be seeing more and more clients with disorders along the Victim of Offender: Stigma, Justice, and the Importance of Critical Thinking in a Complex Forensic Case


Text: Nurses are aligned to drive frontline policy in quality improvement. Yet studies often lack rigor and sample sizes large enough to be definitive. While smaller studies show that frontline operational failures occur every hour of every shift and threaten patient safety, multi-setting studies are requisite in order to craft effective microsystems interventions. Such interventions will foster learning organization climates through decreasing workarounds and making system corrections. Aims: Using a new research network for healthcare improvement, conduct a landmark national study to explain first-order operational failures in medical-surgical units in context of work environment and quality outcomes. Methods: To broaden generalizability, a local pilot study of microsystem operational failures was expanded to 52 medical-surgical units through a new national improvement research network. Network members formed a virtual research collaborative, supported by the network coordinating center and virtual laboratory. Team science principles were employed to create a common goal around a rigorous study and strong team relations. The virtual collaboratory venue provided central databases, assured fidelity of the protocol through a specialized implementation kit and site monitoring, and supported research capacity-building. Results: Within 9 months, the 14-hospital research team was formed, research protocol deployed, fidelity maintained, and 24,014 data points collected and analyzed. Results of the survey of virtual collaboration readiness were positive and team satisfaction was high. Conclusions: Research network concepts were successfully applied in a national network to investigate healthcare delivery improvement. The cyberinfrastructure, networking processes, and approaches achieved research capable of producing evidence sufficient to drive policy.


Using ovaries from slaughtered yaks,the oocytes was drawn from the follicular 2-5mm in diameter.These oocytes were hatched with sperm in BO solution and improved Tyrode's solution after in vitro maturation for 22h.With the BO solution for 6h,and the improved Tyrode's solution for 6h and 18h,the cleavage rates was 52.48%,47.67% and(50.00%),respectively,and there was no significant diffe-(rence) between them(P0.05).The rates of 4-cells development were(75.47%),78.05% and 64.10%,and the rates of 8-cells development were 56.60%,(56.10%) and 48.72%,respectively.The fertilized ovum(development) rate in the improved Tyrode's solution for 18h was much lower than that in the other 2 groups(P0.01),and the fertilized ovum(development) rate in the BO solution was not different significantly from that in the improved Tyrode's solution for 6h(P0.05).


The article first introduces TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)and optical fiber transmission principles,followed by its application in the airborne data acquisition system for detailed study.Based on this work,by using field programmable gate array(FPGA)hardware design,and by designing and implementing the proposed program in hardware part,we designed a FC(Fiber Channel)-based,optical signal transmission and multi-node distributed system.In the actual verification,the experimental results achieved the expected goals,indicating that the design is stable and reliable.


ABSTRACT Cyrtoctenus wittebergensis sp. nov. is described from a unique holotype from the Witteberg Group of the Cape Supergroup. It is a giant hibbertopteroid eurypterid having combs and specialised movable spines of crytoctenid type (Størmer & Waterston 1968) on the more distal podomeres of the second to fourth prosomal appendages. The function of the combs and their associated movable spines is discussed and it is suggested that together they formed a unique adaptation of eurypterid structures to sweep filter-feeding, the combs forming the filters and the spines the cleaners. The digestive tract is remarkably preserved and shows a spiral valve, posterior to the stomach, which is interpreted as an adaptive feature in this large arthropod to increase the absorptive area of the gut. The new evidence provided by the South African specimen has required the re-interpretation of the disarticulated Cyrtoctenus specimens previously described from Europe. Disjecta membra recently obtained from the Tournaisian of Foulden, Berwickshire, which may belong to Cyrtoctenus, are described and show characters previously unknown in Scottish material but similar to certain features in the South African specimen. The taxonomic relationships within the Hibbertopteroidea are discussed in the light of the new combination of characters found in C. wittebergensis. Two families are recognised in the superfamily, the Hibbertopteridae, including Hibbertopterus and Campylocephalus, and the new family Cyrtoctenidae which is here erected to include Cyrtoctenus, Dunsopterus and possibly also Hastimima.


It is uncommon for necrotizing fascitis of the abdominal wall to present in a disseminated manner, extending to most of the intra abdominal viscera. It is also uncommon for the causative organism to be fungus. Usually, it is either mono microbial or polymicropial cause. The usual presentation of this disease entity is changes in skin color from red-purple to patches of blue-gray associated with deeper tissues involvement namely fascia and muscles without involvement of abdominal viscera, associated with picture of toxemia and septic shock. Special staining should be used to identify fungal infestation. This could be the first case reported in the literature among young patients. High index of suspicion and early administration of anti-fungal therapy is needed in unusual presentation of necrotizing infection in young healthy patient. Hassan Adnan Bukhari1* and Ahmed Kamel Ghanem2 1Department of Surgery, Umm AL-Qura University, Saudi Arabia 2King Abdulaziz Hospital, Saudi Arabia Hassan Adnan Bukhari, et al. Annals of Clinical Case Reports Surgery Remedy Publications LLC., | http://anncaserep.com/ 2016 | Volume 1 | Article 1185 2 Case Presentation A 35-year-old gentleman referred from another hospital as case of acute renal failure. The patient has only history of hiccup for 4 days and noticed a small grayish-blue area in umbilical region, which increased in size with time to reach about 25 cm in maximum diameter and associated with pain and firmness of the skin. The patient has unremarkable medical and surgical history, and has no allergy to any medication. On arrival to our institution, the patient was in septic shock on inotropic support but conscious and communicating well. Abdominal examination reveled a large blackish area about 25 to 30 centimeter (cm) extending from the epigastric area down to 2cm below the umbilicus (Figure 1). Abdomen was distended, very tender and rectal examination revealed altered blood. Laboratory workup showed leukocytosis and acute renal and hepatic failure. Radiographic investigation including ultrasound (US) and computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen revealed fat stranding in the abdominal wall and mesentery with free fluid. The patient was immediately transferred to the operating room with a working diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis of the abdominal wall. Extensive abdominal wall necrosis involving skin subcutaneous fat fascia and muscles was apparent but without pus collection and no bad odor, which is usually associated with this disease. Upon entering the abdominal cavity, it became clear that there is patchy necrosis of many organs including omentum, stomach, small and large intestine, and gallbladder (Figure 2). Limited resection of the dead parts was carried out. There was evidence of retroperitoneal nercosis too. Patient was transferred to ICU in unstable condition and planned for second look next day. Histopathology report showed non-suppurative necrosis with fungal invasion, which was variable in size, non-separated hyphae with 90-degree branching consisting with phycomycosis and vascular invasion is noticed (Figure 3 and 4).


Abstract Local governments face increasingly complex decisions and must inevitably rely on professional staff with specialised knowledge. However, ordinary citizens and stakeholders are demanding the right to directly participate in governmental decisions. What is the appropriate division of labour? The article proposes a practical approach to participatory decision making that tries to combine administrative efficiency and democratic legitimacy. The approach decomposes the decision problem into a number of discrete stages. An action research methodology is used to illustrate the application of the method. Specifically, we decompose a 'roaming horse' problem in the interior of British Columbia to identify the information requirements for each stage of the model. We use a series of web-based Delphi surveys to elicit specific information from citizens regarding objectives and potential alternatives. The survey results suggest that a relatively simple and cost-effective deliberative tool like Delphi can facilitate an effective division of labour between citizens and government experts.


As a solid body approaches a wall in a viscous fluid, the flow in the gap between them is dominated by the viscous effect and can be approximated by the lubrication theory. Here we show that without gravity, a cylinder comes to rest asymptotically at a finite separation from the wall, whereas with gravity, the cylinder approaches the wall asymptotically and contact does not happen in finite time. A cylinder approaches the wall much slower compared to a sphere under matching conditions, implying that the lubrication approximates hold longer before the molecular scale sets in. Our results further serve as a building block for analyzing particle interactions in close proximity, and provide analytic results for integrating the lubrication theory into the computations of Navier-Stokes equations.


The invention provides an efficient peanut picker, and relates to the field of agricultural machines. The efficient peanut picker comprises a movable frame, and a traction device is arranged at one end of the movable frame. The efficient peanut picker is characterized in that the movable frame is provided with a peanut picking cavity and a peanut stalk discharge cavity, a peanut stalk inlet is arranged in one end of the peanut picking cavity, the other end of the peanut picking cavity is connected with the peanut stalk discharge cavity, and a vibrating screen is obliquely arranged below the peanut picking cavity and the peanut stalk discharge cavity. The efficient peanut picker is simple and reasonable in structural design, and has the advantages of being low in manufacturing cost compared with an existing peanut picker. Screw rods and peanut stripping rings are adopted for a peanut picking mechanism arranged in the peanut picking cavity so as to separate peanuts from peanut stalks, separating efficiency is high, meanwhile the peanut stalks can be conveyed to one end of the peanut picking cavity and can be conveniently and quickly discharged, the peanuts picked off can be dedusted through two negative pressure procedures, and the separating effect is good.


ObjectiveTo assess the changes in the resistance index(RI) of the renal arteries and superior mesenteric artery(SMA) following meal induced, splanchnic vasodilatation. MethodsTwenty eight cirrhotic patients and thirty healthy volunteers with no hepatic or renal dysfunction were prospectively included. The RI of the SMA and of the right and left renal arteries was measured by Doppler sonography before and after meal. ResultsThe fasting renal artery RI was greater in cirrhotic patients than in controls, but there was no difference in fasting SMA RI. After the meal, there was a signifisant decrease in the SMA RI in control and in cirrhotic patients, and a significant increase in the renal artery RI in the two groups. Before meal, there was a significant decrease in SMA RI and a significant increase in renal artery RI in cirrhotic patients with creatinine clearance below. ConclusionsMeal induced SMA vasodilatation (RI decrease) is associated with increase in the renal artery RI, worsening the renal vasoconstriction in cirrhotic patients. Before meal, there were SMA vasodilatation and renal artery vasoconstriction in cirrhotic patients with creatinine clearance below.


Based on assessment of viability of follicles by morphology with microscope,a new method for assessment of viability of preantral follicles by staining with trypan blue and hoechst33342 was developed.


A simple construction is presented whereby a nonrandomized extra head scheme for stationary ergodic point processes on the line due to T. Liggett (2002) is lifted to R n in the Poisson case. This gives the simplest construction for a nonrandomized extra head scheme in higher dimensions, yet the method has been overlooked in previous work on the subject.


In this article the author offers a new classification of the information technologies affecting the mass consciousness through regional periodical press; he reveals the peculiarities of their application in the political process, gives an assessment to their functionality and efficiency. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the technological mass-media impact in the Saratov region.


THE rate of flow of venous blood in a relaxed and recumbent person depends upon the mean pressure gradient between the venules and the right atrium. One factor which can alter the gradient is the intra-thoracic


We consider the nth-order parameter dependent differential equation satisfying Dirichlet conditions and nonlocal boundary conditions. After imposing continuity and uniqueness conditions, solutions of the boundary value problem are differentiated with respect to the parameter. This new equation is shown to solve a nonhomogeneous boundary value problem similar to the associated variational equation. AMS Subject Classifications: 34B10, 34B15.


We study anisotropic surface diusion ow of hypersurfaces in n . We present a nite volume numerical scheme for the graph and the level-set formulation. The graph formulation is applied on surfaces in 3 and with the level-set formulation we evolve curves in 2 . The discretisation in time is done by mean of the method of lines which gives us a system of ordinary dierential equations. To solve this system we apply the Merson modication of the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. We show several qualitative results for both, the graph and the level-set formulation. x 2 ( t). The change of ( t) is given by a movement of each x 2 ( t) in the normal direction. The speed of this movement is so called normal velocity which we denote by V. To explain our notation of what will follow, we rst assume having a function f2 C 2 ( ( t)) dened on a hypersurface ( t) and its arbitrary C 2 -extension i.e. f 2 C 2 ( n ) such that f = f on { see Kimura (10). We dene gradient of f on ( t) as r( t)f (x) :=r f (x) r f (x);n (x) n (x) for x2 ( t) and the Laplace-Beltrami operator as ( t)f :=r( t)r ( t) f for x2 ( t): We consider an energy functional


'Like all artists of his period, Poussin placed great weight on the clarity and legibility of an allegory.'1 Thus the verdict of Otto Grautoff, in his 1914 monograph on Nicolas Poussin (1594–1665), describing speci!cally the artist's portrayal of earthly transience and vanity, 'The Dance of Human Life'. Clarity was already a catchphrase in Poussin scholarship in Grautoff's day, used most often in response to the artist's technical precision and eye for compositional balance, as if his paintings' classical symmetry and limpid light indicated a correspondingly lucid meaning. Classical transparency and rationality as an antidote to Baroque convolution and obscurity – this neat formulation breaks down before an intricate allegorical invention like 'A Dance to the Music of Time', as 'The Dance of Human Life' is now known (Fig. 1).2 Confusion, not clarity, best characterizes the litany of responses to this picture over the last three and a half centuries, and there are no letters or recorded dialogues that shed light on the artist's intentions or programme. But this confusion is not primarily due to a lack of such sources, or to a growing distance from the time of the picture's creation. It was there from the very beginning, for central to the painting's conception is the mystery of life's liminal stages, in all their persistent changeableness. The work's resonance derives, and derived, from its resistance to legibility – from the complex circuit of meaning it stages for the viewer. Poussin's allegory, I will argue, is riddled with paradox and ambiguity, hinging on the provocative and elusive !gure of earthly Pleasure. 'A Dance to the Music of Time' was commissioned in Rome by the learned Catholic prelate Giulio Rospigliosi (1600–69), the future Pope Clement IX (1667–69).3 Its date has been debated, but scholars most often opt for the mid-late 1630s, before Poussin's brief interlude in Paris (1640–42).4 Four !gures personifying different phases in the drama of human fortune – Poverty, Labour, Wealth, and Pleasure – dance in a circle to the music of Father Time's lyre. The conceit seems to be a unique blending of two sources: the Wheel of Fortune, represented in medieval and Renaissance art with four or more people attached to its spokes, all subject to the rise-and-fall of the


concepts of "rhetorical timing," iconicity, and imitation, this essay theorizes a hermeneutic republicanism. In practice the essay treats Sumner's "Crime Against Kansas" as both a rhetorical confrontation with, and representation of, the republican "problem of time." The "Crime" is structured by organic tropes of political community and its organizing temporal themes systematically ebb and flow iconically to represent the life cycle of the republic within the life cycle of the textual performance. The essay concludes with ruminations on the role such a hermeneutic republicanism might play in ongoing scholarly debates.


Welcome to a richly diverse collection of articles in this last issue of 2016. In the first paper, Johan Malmqvist engages with the thorny issue of the inclusion/exclusion debate for young people whose behaviour causes concern in school. This Swedish study carries some provocative arguments that transcend national boundaries. Paulo Tan provides a very helpful review of the literature on developing mathematical understanding in students with emotional and behavioural disorders. Unlike many reviews that have been undertaken in the past, which mostly focused on the outcomes and the rigour of existing studies, this review uses a teaching-for-understanding lens to examine existing research interventions in mathematics. Silje Hukkelberg and Terje Ogden (a member of our editorial board) report the investigation of dimensionality in the Home and Community Social Behaviour Scales that assess social competence (Peer relations and Self-management/Compliance) and antisocial behaviour (Defiant/Disruptive and Antisocial/Aggressive behaviour) in children and adolescents. This technical paper will be of great value to readers who are engaged in practices of assessment. In the next paper, Julia Ryan, Samantha Ross, Rebeca Reyes, Stacey Kosmerly and Maria Rogers discuss social functioning among college students with ADHD diagnoses. Whilst this topic has been considered in school settings there is little research in college settings. This is a very welcome contribution. Steve Cobbett provides a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of school-based art therapies with young people with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties. He suggests that justification for their use would seem to be largely based on the subjective experience of education managers and anecdotal evidence as empirical evidence for their effectiveness with this client group is scarce. This article provides an important step towards objective justification. There will be a special issue of the journal concerned with Drama published next year. In the next paper, David Granot discusses the significance of teacher–student attachment-like relationships with respect to the socioemotional and behavioural adaptation of students with disabilities; another important and under explored issue. In the final paper of this issue, Nicos A. Georgiou, Panayiotis Stavrinides and Stelios Georgiou consider the mediating role of self-esteem and peer relations. They do so in the context of parenting and children's adjustment problems. So, as I suggested at the outset, this issue engages with a wide range of issues all of which are relevant to the readership in one way or another. This could be taken as a testament to the breadth and complexity of the challenge that faces researchers and practitioners in this field.


The purpose of this paper is to identify the effect of Auditor Ethics, Auditor Experience, Audit Fees, and Auditor's Motivation on Audit Quality. The population of this research is the Auditor at the Public Accountant Office in Semarang. The sampling technique uses Simple Random Sampling. The data used in this study are primary data taken by distributing questionnaires. The analysis model uses multiple linear regression analysis models, while the analysis technique uses the Statistical Test F, the Coefficient of Determination (R, and the Statistical test t. The results of the analysis and discussion showed that the auditor's ethical variables, auditor's experience, audit fees, and auditor's motivation simultaneously had a significant effect on audit quality. Auditor ethics, auditor experience, and Auditor Motivation on the quality of each audit partially significant effect on audit quality. Whereas Audit Fee partially has no significant effect on Audit Quality.


The input power per unit volume of the restrike channel of thin exploding wires reaches its maximum slightly before the electrical conductivity has reached its maximum. In its turn, the electrical conductivity reaches its maximum before the current and the total power input, ui, have reached their maxima but slightly after the ledge observed on the voltage oscillograms. The reason why the input power per unit volume and the electrical conductivity reach their maxima much earlier than the current and the total power input reach theirs seems to be closely connected with the magnetogasdynamics of the restrike channel, which have not yet been satisfactorily treated because of the complexity of the problem.


Resonant interaction between a finite-amplitude marginally unstable mode and two neutral modes is investigated in a system consisting of two semi-infinite inviscid incompressible fluids moving with uniform velocities parallel to their interface at the critical velocity difference. By employing a multiple scaling method, coupled equations are obtained governing the temporal evolution of the amplitudes and phases of the triad.


In terms of the gap between expectation and result of supervision,cases at different times show that "national fire wall" of Chinese internet still has intermittent disorder and people still have flexible space for their expression whether it's impulsive admission,rights protection or rage.Based on their free values and life experience,western politicians and intellectual elite have strongly criticized our supervision on the content while those defenders have noticed the real balance of Chinese government.The critics are focusing on the tension between private freedom and public power while the defenders are paying attention to the harmony between public power and ruling order.


This is what we wear perpetually over our bones and next to our under-garments. As every one knows, it is the outer covering of the body, a sort of a protection that stretch es over the whole frame, tough, pliable and strong, holding in their places, as the silk of ap umbrella holds its bones and ribs, the bones, muscles and sinews of the human body. But every one must not suppose that because he has heard of people who are said to be " thickskinned " or " thin-skinned," that they are in reality so, although indeed, there are different kinds of skin af different thicknesses. All animals and vegetables have what we may call a skin, and possesses it from the instant of their formation. It covers equally the seed and the egg. Any seed, if examined, will show a thin, but stout and almost impervious coating, and any onecan see, between the shell and the meat of a boiled egg, if they choose to look, a thin sort of a membrane that tears like wet pa per, which is the skin. Possessing a nature far less corruptible than that which it encloses, the skin is able to pre serve egg or seed for a long time from decay or destruction. In some instances, this power of preservation is exerted in a lamentable manner. It protects the eggs of the gnat, the seventeen year locuss', and the palmer worm, which appears once only in thirty years, until a good warm place is found for them in which to hatch, and then it lets go its hold and the animal comes forth. It protects, too, the caterpillar in its chrysalid state, enabling it after many weeks to be trans formed into a butterfly. A curious instance of its power is shown in the egg of the horse gad-fly, that little winged devil which is such a pest to horses. Hard to believe as it may be, it is nevertheless a fact that this fly can never be hatched except inside the stomach of a horse I The average horse is not such a fool as to open its mouth and let a Mrs. Gadfly go down into its stomach for pur pose^ of maternity, and the query would na turally follow: How does the egg get to its ap pointed place ? It must go there somehow, for every summer sees the birth of many a gadfly. This is the modus operandi


The study described the extent of knowledge in ICT skills of 180 teachers as a basis for a training plan in a selected schools division in Region 3. A descriptive survey method was utilized having a weighted mean and standard deviation to treat the data collected. It was concluded that the teachers displayed a proficient extent of knowledge in basic ICT skills. However, some of the skills enumerated have a low mean and were close to the adjacent group scale of the lower level of knowledge. Furthermore, they showed limited knowledge in some advanced computer applications which are necessary for the construction of instructional materials. The self-assessment revealed that they are knowledgeable in ICT skills, but they do not know how to use it in complex applications. The skills for development based on the training needs assessment reiterated a combination of skills which further clarified that not all skills under a certain application are known. It is then recommended that training needs assessment should always be conducted by school administrators to gather data on the actual needs of the teachers as a basis in planning a thorough training matrix to ensure that the development and training provided are based on the needs of the teachers.


Several studies at Kentucky power plants and at other utilities burning Kentucky coals have demonstrated a relationship between the amount of carbon in the fly ash, the flue gas temperature at the collection point, the form of fly ash carbon, and the amount of mercury captured. Early studies at a plant burning a high volatile C bituminous coal demonstrated a clear increase in Hg capture with an increase in carbon. In the latter case, the fly ash carbons were generally an isotropic coke. At a plant with a more complex mix of fly ash carbons, studies of density-gradient centrifugation fractions showed that Hg capture generally increased from inertinite to isotropic coke to anisotropic coke. Density and BET surface area also increased along the same path. Studies of a plant burning a single-mine source coal suggest that the relationship is much more complex than suggested by early studies. Factors such as the thickness of the carbons and blinding of carbon surfaces by less-adsorbent carbons and inorganics may serve to complicate relationships predicted by chemical and petrographic studies.


Mucormycosis are pathogenic moulds of the mucorales species usually occurring in immunocompromised patients or in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Aspergillosis is the clinical condition caused by Aspergillus species and may cause an invasive disease with high case fatality rate, especially in immunosuppressed patients. A 46-year-old male patient with Type 2 diabetes mellitus with underlying malignancy presented with proptosis of left eye. Combined infections of Mucor and Aspergillus were diagnosed by means of computed tomography (CT) scan and biopsy. Treatment with Amphotericin B and Voriconazole was started, the patient died within 3 months, from multi-organ failure.


Preface The Theory: Communitarianism, Multiculturalism and Gandhi The History The Characters: The Ali Brothers 'Love at First Sight' Troubled Alliance Journey Downhill End of the Road Conclusion: Multiculturalism Before Its Time Index


The systemic skeletal disease of osteoporosis defines a reduction of bone mass and is associated with a loss of bone microstructure. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporosis is one of the ten most frequent scoring diseases in the world. It has been associated with the expression of specific miRNA profiles. Various studies address the issue of miRNAs as positive or negative regulators of bone cell proliferation, differentiation and for bone-strength essential mineralization by targeting critical osteogenic factors.
These studies detected a potential correlation between upregulated miRNA expression levels in serum and increased skeletal fracture risk in patients with osteoporosis. Summarizing, it is yet unclear whether miRNAs directly trigger an increased fracture risk in osteoporosis.
One aim of the research was to determine the possible cell source of miRNA expression levels; i.e. intracellularly in primary human osteoblasts and osteoclasts in an in vitro environment besides serum and bone tissue analysis. Accordingly, the next step for us was to determine whether or not there is a divergent gender-dependent circulating miRNA expression characteristic in osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic patients. Secondly, we compared miRNA expression levels from bone tissue and radiographically measured BMD values of osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic samples. In the final third step, intracellular miRNA concentrations of 9 bone-related miRNAs were examined and compared from osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic patients.
Our findings display that, in the synopsis of our miRNA expression analysis in serum, bone tissue, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, four up-regulated miRNAs (miR‑21, miR-24, miR-93, miR-100) are correlated to BMD values showing a simultaneous gender-independency. Irrespective of gender, these four miRNAs are associated with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Affirmatively, decreasing BMD and miRNA overexpression seem as a likely pathological interdependence for the increased fracture risk. This cognizance of gender-independent and BMD value-correlated overexpressed miRNAs provides a commencement for further generation of a supplemental classification disposition and new diagnostic biomarkers.
Since the regulatory influences of the overexpressed identified miRNAs in the cell culture are not yet known and in view of the lack of knowledge on the impact of an expression manipulation regarding the effects on cell differentiation, further studies were carried out in this work to reveal underlying pathomechanisms. High concentrations of miR-100 and miR-148a were correlated to osteoporosis. Therefore, the effects of their inhibition with antagomirs was investigated. They showed no major cellular toxicity. Osteogenic potential was increased in osteoporotic cells under antagomir treatment.
Our results provide the basis for possible miR-based diagnosis as well as for future therapeutic medications using antagomiRs, permitting accelerated osteoblast differentiation with increased bone formation rates. Further experimental and clinical studies are required to implement serum diagnostic and classification based on miRNA profiles in the clinical setting. Further experimental in vitro studies are also needed in osteoclasts and co-culture settings to adequately assess antagomiR transfection safety for prospective in vivo application.


The wide array of risks facing institutions of higher learning is presented. Risk is a multi-faceted concept that can be addressed through avoidance, assumption, reduction, transfer, and sharing using a variety of institutional arrangements. A key contribution of the book is the analysis of social and psychological traps that confront decision makers in academia.


Nowadays, the industrial world has developed awareness to risk and risk management especially to major risks with catastrophic consequences. Because of this; great efforts has been put to prevent and protect against these risks. The analysis and evaluation of risks are an essential steps to prevent the occurrence or to the reduce severity of the accidents, several methods are used to analyze and evaluate risk, they are divided into three categories qualitative, semi quantitative and quantitative. These methods differ in when, where and why to apply them, qualitative methods are generally easy to apply and fast in identifying the risks, quantitative methods are not as easy but provide a numerical value to the risk that helps in risk comparison in the case of evaluation or decision-making, and semi quantitative methods falls in between. In this framework the objective is to evaluate the performance of the safety barriers using layer of protection analysis (LOPA). It was applied on Haoud Berkaoui in Sonatrach one of the leading companies in oil and gas industry in Africa, we have chosen the new flared gas recovery project as the subject of our study as it is new and no previous work has been done on this subject, we have identified its most critical system and it was the separator V-160, this separator is crucial to the hole operating station, as it holds all the condensate at the end of the operation. We established a HAZOP study and we rely on it to realize LOPA that should be a step for organizations to move towards more semiquantitative and quantitative analysis. So we will try to realize this abstract method in the field. Hopefully this work can contribute to the company applied upon.


The field of cognitive computational neuroscience addresses open questions regarding the complex relation between cognitive functions and the dynamic coordination of neural activity over large-scale and hierarchical brain networks. State-of-the-art approaches involve the characterization of brain regions and inter-areal interactions that participate in cognitive processes (Battaglia & Brovelli, 2020). More precisely, the study of cognitive brain networks underlies linking local neural activity or interactions between brain regions to experimental variables, such as sensory stimuli or behavioral responses. The relation between the brain data and external variables might take complex forms (e.g. non-linear relationships) with strong variations across brain regions and participants. Therefore, powerful measures of information are required to detect complex relations and the statistical relevance at the population level should be able to adapt to the inter subject variability.


Prices of European call options in a regime-switching local volatility model can be computed by solving a parabolic system which generalises the classical Black and Scholes equation, giving these prices as functionals of the local volatilities. We prove Lipschitz stability for the inverse problem of determining the local volatilities from quoted call option prices for a range of strikes, if the calls are indexed by the different states of the continuous Markov chain which governs the regime switches.


Visualization of scientific results using networks has become popular in scientometric research. We provide base maps for Mendeley reader count data using the publication year 2012 from the Web of Science data. Example networks are shown and explained. The reader can use our base maps to visualize other results with the VOSViewer. The proposed overlay maps are able to show the impact of publications in terms of readership data. The advantage of using our base maps is that it is not necessary for the user to produce a network based on all data (e.g., from 1 year), but can collect the Mendeley data for a single institution (or journals, topics) and can match them with our already produced information. Generation of such large‐scale networks is still a demanding task despite the available computer power and digital data availability. Therefore, it is very useful to have base maps and create the network with the overlay technique.


A comprehensive self-consistent thermal-electrical model is described and used to investigate thermal properties of GaAs-AlGaAs etched-well double-heterostructure vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with dielectric mirrors. Special attention is paid to effects of varying the active-region diameter on thermal behavior of the device. The active-region diameter is optimized with the goal of reducing the relative power loss due to heating and maximizing the optical output power. The optimal diameter, at which the excess of pumping current over the CW lasing threshold at the corresponding active-region temperature is maximum, is 16 mu m. >


In this paper, a power consumption optimization in multi-granular optical network based on particle swarm intelligence is described. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is evocated in order to solve the signal-to-noise plus interference ratio (SNIR) optimization to regulate the transmitted power in order to minimize the power consumption. The main results have showed, even with only 10%-20% of the total PSO convergence, the network is able to operate within a approximately saving of 10% of consumed power compared to network operation without power optimization policy. The utilization of bypass technique with PSO results in saving approximately 35% of the consumed power and should be strategically utilized in optical networks.


The influence of non-uniform delay lines on the parasitic effect of power holes in helix traveling-wave tubes is investigated. For the analysis, we introduce a helix geometry which favors power hole occurrence. The harmonic backward-wave is assumed to be excited through output-coupler mismatch. Whereas homogeneous delay lines can only cause a single power hole, the analysis shows that tapered helices may lead to multiple gain dips at different frequencies where each power hole can be assigned to a section of the delay line.


Calibration is currently becoming a topic in machine learning. In particular, there have been many attempts to realize fair recommendation through the calibration in recommender systems. However, current research on the calibration in recommender systems has been realized by using genres in the film domain. Few studies have been conducted to generalize the calibration method to other recommendation domains. In this paper, we extend the calibration to other recommendation domains using the attributes of knowledge graphs, which are globalized and standardized knowledge source. We conducted extensive experiments using the weighted matrix factorization algorithm and the graph networks of Amazon and Yelp2018 datasets. The results show that calibration based on knowledge graph attributes improves the accuracy and diversity of the recommendation system and is applicable to all recommendation domains. This method is based on the re-ranking method and can be used with all recommended algorithms.


. The paper considers mathematical reasoning of solving the problem of scanned non-format documents retro-conversion (documents recovery), as applied to the task of filling and publishing collections of digital libraries. It also describes the algorithms of automatic clustering and forming auto-adaptive fonts for documents retro-conversion. As a mechanism for working with clustered objects, the authors use a classical approach to form a feature vector based on the estimates calculating algorithm model that describes each object under consideration. The algorithm for automatic clustering is based on a statistical approach to forming characteristic vectors of each cluster and to the dynamic correction of separating hyperplanes. Due to the specifics of the tasks being solved, the authors use a contour approach to graphic objects processing, which allows applying frequency analysis methods based on the Fourier transform. The paper presents estimates of the necessary and sufficient dimension of a feature vector used both for describing graphic objects and for their recovery with minimal distortion after generating output documents during a retro-conversion procedure. Finally, the article shows possible prospects for development of the described method of non-format documents retro-conversion in the field of organization of contextual search within graphic documents.


This paper examines reasons why animal existences can be regarded as subjects of moral concern. This debate is examined in conjunction with contemporary discussion on this issue, with Aristotle's thinking on animals in the background. The change in thought brought about by thinking on sentience is taken account of. The issue whether animals are moral agents like humans, as argued in Aristotle and contemporary thinkers, is addressed. In particular the recent views of Bekoff and Cohen are examined. With reference to Irvin and Bekoff, the moral relevance of cognitive capacities in animals is considered. The article concludes that higher capacities, especially self consciousness, are indeed morally relevant to the issue.


The Shield tunnels driven in a water-saturated soil are different from the tunnels driven in a dry soil,especially excavating in the high groundwater area,since the instability of tunnel work face may occur.When the water table is above the tunnel,the seepage force acting on the tunnel work face is an important factor on workface instability.In the practical engineering application, the influence of seepage force was rarely taken account into the workface stability analysis of shield tunnel excavation,which may underestimate the danger during the shield tunnel construction.In this paper,according to similarity of the fundamental equations and boundary conditions between the temperature field and seepage flow field,the Numerical Simulation of the seepage flow field is carried out by the FEM software ANSYS function of temperature field analysis,and a seepage program is developed using program redevelopment language APDL of ANSYS.The seepage force will be calculated first in the flow field and then will be added to the stress field.Subsequently,the deformation around the tunnel workface can be achieved and the work face stability was analyzed considering the seepage.Based on the above procedure,the authors propose a newly method of face stability analysis considering the seepage flow which can make the design more suitable for underwater shield tunnel excavation.


A transient grounding grid numerical model is developed in this paper for calculation of grounding grip transient response fast and accurately. This model considers the ground as some conductor segments, each conductor section as a grounding unit. The transmission-line modeling method was used to this model. That is, each unit of grounding grid considered as a grounding body which contain inductance resistance and capacitance. Several cases with different energized position and excitation power are presented in this paper. This model is suitable for practical applications related to fault diagnosis.


Objective To discuss the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of Chediak-Higashi syndrome,and to improve the recognition of the disease.Methods The clinical data of two cases of Chediak-Higashi syndrome were analyzed and the pertinent literature was reviewed.Result Two cases were definitely diagnosed,and this disease was autosomal recessive inherited disease.Conclusion The key point to prevent the disease is to carry out the antepartum diagnosis.


The success of using mathematical models that determine the behavior of quantum field systems in parametric spaces critically depends on the level of optimization of the procedure of finding the solution. The paper considers the problem of calculating the density of carriers arising in graphene as a result of the action of a pulsed electric field. The basis of the model is a system of kinetic equations that provide the calculation of the residual distribution function. Its integration over momentum space gives the desired carrier density.
 The problem lies in the high computational complexity of covering the momentum space with a uniform mesh, which provides an accurate calculation of the density for various parameters of the field momentum. Moreover, the model does not contain criteria for determining satisfactory mesh parameters. The article proposes and implements a procedure for constructing an adaptive mesh in the form of a quadtree having a variable size of covering squares. The procedure is iterative and combined with the process of calculating the values of the distribution function.


Abstract : The lack of air delivery use in operational environments is neither the fault of the logistician nor the aviators who deliver the supplies. The responsibility falls on the ground commander; he must know his available capabilities. Training with air delivery while in garrison, prior to deployment, will increase the ability of a ground commander to accomplish the mission by effectively utilizing all of his support assets. In this age of irregular warfare, the major battle is not always enemy. Often, the greatest challenge is the ability to support the forces. If commanders maintain their myopic view of trucking logistics throughout every fight, then they are failing to utilize all tools at their disposal. A culture void of creativity and flexibility then develops that lacks the mind set to utilize all assets for generating tempo on the battlefield, whether conventional or irregular.


Consensus is one of the most fundamental problems in distributed computing. This paper studies the consensus problem in a synchronous dynamic directed network, in which communication is controlled by an oblivious message adversary. The question when consensus is possible in this model has already been studied thoroughly in the literature from a combinatorial perspective, and is known to be challenging. This paper presents a topological perspective on consensus solvability under oblivious message adversaries, which provides interesting new insights. Our main contribution is a topological characterization of consensus solvability, which also leads to explicit decision procedures. Our approach is based on the novel notion of a communication pseudosphere, which can be seen as the message-passing analog of the well-known standard chromatic subdivision for wait-free shared memory systems. We further push the elegance and expressiveness of the"geometric"reasoning enabled by the topological approach by dealing with uninterpreted complexes, which considerably reduce the size of the protocol complex, and by labeling facets with information flow arrows, which give an intuitive meaning to the implicit epistemic status of the faces in a protocol complex.


We read with interest the first instalment of the CMAJ series on the musculoskeletal system.[1][1] As musculoskeletal imagers, we agree wholeheartedly with Stephanie Ensworth's opinion of the importance of the musculoskeletal examination in diagnosing disorders that affect such a large segment of


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to value put option contracts in hedging the risks in a supply chain consisting of a component supplier with random yield and a manufacturer facing stochastic demand for end products.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts stochastic inventory theory, game theory, optimization theory and algorithm and MATLAB numerical simulation to investigate the manufacturer's ordering and the supplier's production strategies, and to study the coordination and optimization strategies in the context of random yield and demand.

Findings
The authors find that put options can not only facilitate the manufacturer's order but also the supplier's production, that is, the manufacturer and the supplier can effectively manage their involved risks and earn more expected profits by adopting put options. Further, the authors find that the single put option contract fails to coordinate such a supply chain. However, when combined with a protocol, it is able to coordinate the supply chain.

Originality/value
This paper is the first effort to study the intersection of put option contracts and random yield in the presence of a spot market. From a new perspective, the authors explore the supply chain coordination. The authors propose a mechanism to coordinate the supply chain under put option contracts.


University–enterprise cooperation considers an active and efficient cooperation of the scientists, industry and the government. The university is a significant actor in this model as it not only produces knowledge, but also creates new opportunities, protects intellectual property and converts the research outcomes into a market attractive product. This cooperation ensures that educational programs equip students with the relevant competences, and entails research suited to the demand of the market and the government. This implementation helps the university realize its third mission – serve the country and support its economic development. This paper presents our attempt to describe the role of the regional government in the university– enterprise cooperation based on a regional university in Georgia. Despite the various studies regarding university–enterprise cooperation implemented in Georgia mainly dealing with single components of the cooperation, we tried to highlight the significance of the government in this cooperation and its authentic character.


In the years 1974—1976, during the course of archaeological and architectural explorations at the Cistercian abbey of Wąchock, Krystyna Białoskórska discovered fragments of pre-Cistercian buildings in the area occupied by monastery buildings from the years 1218—1239.1 In the discoverer's opinion we have here the remains of a residential complex, consisting of two structures: a sacred one — i.e. a palace chapel (length of building, about 20.5 m., width, up to 17 m.), and a secular palatium. The latter building probably consisted of two elements of different width. Within the broader segment, a room 11.3 m. by 8.1 m. has been identified, while two chambers have been discovered within the narrower segment — one 10 m. in length, the other 8 m. in width. The two buildings were situated next to each other, the axis of the chapel being at right angles to the axis of the palace building. If we accept that we are dealing at Wąchock with the remains of a residential complex, then — irrespective of the question of detailed reconstruction — we have to agree with Bialo-


The study addressed a cognitive-affective gap in a primary English curriculum and noticed whether the curriculum, texts and class activities utilized empathetic and pro-social themes in teaching English language. The findings from the document review, interviews and observations revealed that the said themes were underrepresented in the curriculum, textual content and class activities. Moreover, the teachers also did not demonstrate the required empathetic and pro-social skills in classrooms. The regular English lessons depicted a highly cognitive focus and proved teachers as inadequate role models for the said skills. Data from parents' questionnaires revealed that the stated skills were taught in theory and not in practice. However, when integrated cognitive-affective lessons were used, they brought forth a significant increase in student interest in academic work and raised awareness about the stated themes. The study was significant in terms of raising the importance of the stated skills in an educational set up and proved that a cognitive-affective approach in schools could prepare helpful and caring individuals for the society.


We study the production of a heavy charged Higgs boson at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in $gb\to H^{-} t$ within a Two Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM). The chiral structure of the $H^{-} t \bar{b}$ coupling can trigger a particular spin state of the top quark produced in the decay of a charged Higgs boson and, therefore, is sensitive to the underlying mechanism of the Electro-Weak Symmetry Breaking (EWSB). Taking two benchmark models (2HDM type-I and 2HDM type-Y) as an example, we show that inclusive rates, differential distributions as well as forward-backward asymmetries of the top quark's decay products can be used to search for heavy charged Higgs bosons as well as a model discriminators.


To provide reference values of intrarenal venous impedance index (VII) measured with duplex Doppler ultrasonography in a healthy adult population and to assess the usefulness this index for evaluating the functional status of kidney in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN).


The magnetoimpedance (MI) of amorphous soft magnetic Co68.15Fe4.35Si12.5B15 wires produced by the in-rotating water quenching technique was systematically studied. The behavior of the MI-element designed for magnetic sensors was examined in an external longitudinal dc magnetic field in the low-frequency range (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${f} \le $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 1 MHz) and at the beginning of the intermediate-frequency range (2 MHz <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\le {f} \le $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 5 MHz). A critical frequency of about 5–7 kHz was observed with an initial increase in the MI effect. A maximum MI ratio of 334% was recorded at 0.95 MHz in a magnetically saturated MI element. The intermediate-frequency range is explored using the magnetoresistive (MR) and magnetoreactive (MX) components of MI <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${Z}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The MI anisotropy field profile occurs in the MHz operating frequency range with values increasing up to 25 A/m, exhibiting frequency dependence. The magnetic penetration depth was calculated using experimental magnetoresistance data, and the values obtained were about 3–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> for 5 MHz, showing a saturation trend. The magnetic permeability is analyzed in the framework of the electromagnetic classical high limit model of a cylinder, which includes penetration depth and magnetoreactance. In our experiments and calculations, the classical high limit is satisfied in the operating frequency range of a few MHz. The magnetic permeability peak value is about 35% lower than the comparable data of amorphous CoFeNiMoSiB glass-coated microwires.


The invention discloses an aluminum alloy material suitable for manufacturing large-section products and a preparation method thereof. Accounted in weight percentage, the alloy components are as follows: 7.4 to 8.4wt percent of Zn, 1.4 to 2.2wt percent of Mg, 1.1 to 1.7 percent of Cu, 0.18 to 0.3 percent of Zr and Al as the rest. The aluminum alloy material has higher intensity, excellent toughness and excellent corrosion resistance performance (conductance rate); the most important point is that the aluminum alloy material has extremely excellent heat treatment harden ability performance, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing the large-section products. The material can be applied to the key large type main bearing structure parts in the fields of aerospace, transportation, war industry, and the like.


Let G be a locally compact abelian group, M0(G) be a closed regular subalgebra of the convolution measure algebra M(G) which contains the group algebra L1(G) and ω: M0(G) → B be a continuous homomorphism of M0(G) into the unital Banach algebra B (possibly noncommutative) such that ω(L1(G)) is without order with respect to B in the sense that if for all b ∈ B, b.ω(L1(G)) = {0} implies b = 0. We prove that if sp(ω) is a synthesis set for L1(G) then the equality holds for each μ ∈ M0(G), where sp(ω) denotes the Arveson spectrum of ω, σB(.) the usual spectrum in B, the Fourier-Stieltjes transform of μ.


This research is intended to find a strategy model for developing a dairy farm in North Sulawesi. This is considered important since it will only be developed by the local government in response to the increasing demand for milk and beef, while the availability of production decreases. The results of the analysis state that the long-term management strategy for developing a dairy farm in North Sulawesi is largely determined by building the driving forces of production and markets.


Abstract Certain fatigued structures must be inspected in order to detect fatigue damages that would otherwise not be apparent. A technique for obtaining optimal inspection strategies is proposed for situations where it is difficult to quantify the costs associated with inspections and undetected failure. For fatigued structures for which failures (fatigue damages) are only detected at the time of inspection, it is important to be able to determine the optimal times of inspection. Fewer inspections will lead to lower fatigue reliability of the structure upon demand, and frequent inspection will lead to higher cost. When there is a fatigue reliability requirement, the problem is usually to develop an inspection strategy that meets the reliability requirements. It is assumed that only the functional form of the underlying invariant distribution of time-to-failure is specified, but some or all of its parameters are unspecified. The invariant embedding technique proposed in this paper allows one to construct an optimal inspection strategy under parametric uncertainty. This strategy represents a sequence of inspection times satisfying the specific criterion, which takes into account the predetermined value of the conditional fatigue reliability of the structure. The numerical examples are given.


Sustaining viable populations of any wildlife species requires a combination of adequate habitat protection as well as a good understanding of environmental and biological factors (including reproductive mechanisms) that ensure species survival. Thousands of species are under threat of extinction due to habitat loss/degradation, over-exploitation, pollution, disease, alien species invasions and urban sprawl. This has served as incentive for intensive management of animal populations, both ex situ (in captivity) and in situ (living in their natural habitat). Assisted reproductive technologies developed for addressing human infertility and enhancing livestock production have shown encouraging promise for wildlife species. However, species-specific physiological variations and a general lack of fundamental knowledge have limited how these tools can be used to help rapidly re-build sustainable populations of endangered species. Despite limitations, there is enormous potential in applying human-related fertility preservation strategies to wild animals, especially approaches that could assist managing or 'rescuing' the genomes of genetically valuable individuals. Indeed, one of the highest priorities in wildlife ex situ management is sustaining all existing genetic diversity to (1) preserve heterozygosity to avoid inbreeding depression and (2) ensure species integrity and the persistence of genomic adaptability to environmental changes. There are specific components of the rapidly emerging field of fertility preservation in men and women that are highly compatible with preserving valuable genomes of individuals or populations of threatened wildlife. Besides the more 'classical' approaches focusing on sperm and oocyte freezing, strategies associated with gonadal tissue cryopreservation and in vitro culture are especially attractive for better protecting and extending fertility for rare and endangered individuals. Likewise, lessons learned over the last decades in wildlife reproductive biology (either from wild or captive populations) are highly relevant to the advancement of human health and fertility. Additionally, studies conducted at the molecular or cellular level always are linked to physiological investigations in wild individuals or entire populations and take into account the interactions with the environment. The substantial amount of scholarly knowledge generated by multispecies and comparative approaches therefore is critical to better understand and mitigate complex issues affecting human beings (fertility, contraception, impact of the environmental changes). Comparative approaches in fertility preservation could benefit to the intensive and practical management of gene diversity in endangered species and lead to translational tools for human reproductive medicine.


By means of an energy selecting electron microscope (H. Watanabe: Japan. J. appl. Phys. 3 (1964) 480), energy analysis was carried out for the electrons forming a special dark-field image, which was obtained by shifting the objective aperture slightly from the optical axis (Y. Kamiya and R. Uyeda: J. Phys. Soc. Japan 16 (1961) 1361). In the no-loss image of aluminum, equal thickness fringes were observed and the intensity averaged over the period was proportional to that in 23 eV loss image which is characteristic to the surface layers. The small angle no-loss scattering by surface layer was concluded to have a major contribution to the no-loss special dark field image, contrasting to the conclusion by Castaing et al. (C.R. Acad. Sci. (Paris), 262 (1966) 1051) that the thermal scattering plays the role. In case of magnesium oxide a definite conclusion was not derived because of the overlapping of two energy loss peaks characteristic to magnesium oxide and surface layers.


In the present research a simple, accurate, precise and cost-effective High-performance thin layer chromatographic method for the estimation of clobazam, in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form was illustrated. The RF value of the drug was found to be 0.74 in the mobile phase, acetone: toluene: formic acid (1: 1: 0.05 v/v/v). A linear response was observed in the range of 100-700 ng with a regression coefficient of 0.999. Validation parameters were carried out as per the guidelines of International Conference for Harmonization (ICH). This method can be used in the industries for determination of clobazam to analyze the quality of formulation without interference of the excipients.


Aims: Physicians' high dropout rate is a significant problem in primary care in many countries. One solution to this issue is to recruit internationally mobile physicians. This study explores the role of psychosocial factors in explaining intention to leave among GPs including potential differences between foreign-born and Finnish GPs. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire was sent to randomly-selected Finnish physicians (n = 7000) and all foreign-born physicians (n = 1297) living in Finland in the year 2010. The questionnaire was returned by 4333 physicians, of whom 832 were GPs. Of those 176 were foreign-born GPs. Results: Intention to leave was more common among foreign-born GPs (59%) than among Finnish GPs (52%). High job demands were associated with higher intention to leave from primary care both in foreign-born (OR 1.90) and Finnish GPs (OR 2.20). This association remained among foreign-born GPs after adjusted the model for the country of origin or the reason for migration (OR 1.80, 1.82). Lack of job control, patient-related stress, and stresses related to teamwork were associated with higher intention to leave only among Finnish GPs (ORs 0.45, 1.75 and 1.99). Conclusions: There may be cultural differences in the psychosocial factors that enhance or prevent job involvement among physicians. Thus, novel thinking is needed in organizational development of GP work in order to better understand foreign-born physicians' specific needs in a target country. This study also suggests that lightening workload could help to attract more GPs, both foreign-born and Finnish, to primary care.


Vehicle brake (10), especially brake caliper, having - a housing (12), - a brake piston (18) housed in the casing (12) and linearly displaceable relative thereto for displacing a brake lining (16 ) and - a mechanical actuator arrangement for displacing the brake piston (18) being displaceable brake piston (18) in the housing (12) for feeding a hydraulic chamber (22) through a hydraulic circuit braking, and wherein the mechanical actuator arrangement a threaded spindle (32) drivable in rotation and is mounted rotatably in the housing (12), being displaceable brake piston (18) linearly with respect to the housing (12) as a result of a rotary movement of the threaded spindle (32), characterized in that the threaded spindle (32) is provided with a self-locking thread with N turns, having chosen the number n and the thread so that the thread is near the limit self-locking.


This study was conducted to develop a high throughput system for screening acetolactate synthase(ALS) inhibitors, and to detect basic mother molecules for developing new novel herbicide candidates. The high throughput screening (HTS) method using 96-well plate and microplate reader was developed. This method is 8 times more effective than basic technique in one cycle per person. Futhermore, considering for less than 1/10 volume of materials required for ALS test and enzyme kinetics with 16 times faster speed compared to those of former procedure, this HTS method has more than 100 times higher efficacy than basic system in a consecutive procedure. We discovered 11 new ALS inhibitors such as 2-oxoglutaric acid, aminooxyacetic acid, azelaic acid, citric acid, cyanuric fluoride, itaconic acid, malonic acid, niclosamide, oxalic acid, glyoxylic acid, and suramin from 107 commercial plant-specific inhibitors using this technique. We hope these results might be useful to discover lead compounds for developing new novel herbicide candidate.


The field experiment with three ameliorative rates of P (kg P2O5/ha: 250 = P1, 500 = P2 and 750 = P3), rate of K (500 kg K2O/ha = K2) and their combination (P2K2: 500 kg both P2O5 and K2O ha) was conducted on soil of moderate fertility. Maize was grown for 4-year period 2003-2006. Precipitation and temperature regimes were resposible for considerable differences of maize yield among years. For example, under drought stress of 2003 annualy yield was from 21 to 45% lower than annualy yields for remaining three years. In general, applied fertilization resulted by significant but moderate yield increases for 14% (2003: PKtreatment), 7% (2004: K-treatment), and up to 16% (2005 and 2006: PK and P-3, respectively). K fertilization resulted by decrease of leaf Mg for third part compared to the control. However, for the applied fertilization and the control nutritional status of maize (leaf and grain P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn) remained in normal ranges.


AbstractIt is shown that the Fermi velocity of electrons is a natural characteristic of gapless graphene and cumulene modification of carbyne weakly coupled with the substrate. At the same time, in the presence of gap (graphene with a gap and polyyne modification of carbyne), the corresponding characteristic is the effective electron mass. The corresponding analytical estimations have been performed.


Despite her earlier, unpleasant experience, the correspondent who called herself `Fair Play' had not given up writing letters to newspapers; instead she elected to hide her identity from the newspapers' readership. However, she did not hide her sex. Indeed, she felt that she spoke for all women when she assured her readers `We women have felt deeply the disgrace that this violent and prolonged attack of hysteria, largely stimulated by the disease of self-advertisementÐa disease very dif®cult to get cured fromÐhas brought upon our sex' [3]. During the nineteenth century, women authors frequently used pseudonyms in order to achieve publication. Many of the pseudonyms used suggested a male author, such as Charlotte BronteÈ's Currer Bell, Marian Evans' George Eliot or Elizabeth Gaskell's Cotton Mather Mills. In direct contrast, as Elaine Showalter explains in her book on gender and culture at the ®n de sieÁcle, New Woman writers might choose to use a self-consciously feminist pen name, such as Sarah Grand [4]. This article considers the use of pen names by a group of women who were just beginning to bravely venture into print in local newspapers during the early years of the twentieth century. It asks whether their use of noms de plume was purely to conceal their identities or their sex from their readership or whether such pen names were used for other purposes, for example, to construct a civic identity. Such an identity, it is argued, was then used to justify the writers' intrusion into the public sphere of newspaper correspondence


In this paper, a new method of recognizing one-dimensional range profiles of high resolution radar targets is proposed. The algorithms of image processing are used in this method. First, we code one-dimensional range profiles, then, use Fourier transformation to extract a series of formal features which can be recognized by neural networks. The experimental results show that, in some aspect angle interval .the recognition is good.


?At the intersection of the conceptual history of the indigenous subject, the history of anthropological thought, and the history of indigenism, this paper reconstructs a long debate that took place between 1940 and 1948 in the anthropological and indigenista milieu in Mexico. The analysis show how those years were determining in the process of establishing a fixed signification to the category "Indian", which has survived until today.


We discuss a characteristic free version of Frobenius splittings for toric varieties and give a polyhedral criterion for a toric variety to be diagonally split. We apply this criterion to show that section rings of nef line bundles on diagonally split toric varieties are normally presented and Koszul, and that Schubert varieties are not diagonally split in general.


This article introduces the results of measurements and analysis of the impact of laser marking process characteristics on the colour achieved. The study was conducted for AISI 304 multifunctional stainless steel using two different types of fibre lasers with a pulse width of 10 μs for the first laser and 81ns for the second one. There were different process parameters such as scanning speed and power, that affect the repeatability of the colours obtained. Numerous instruments were used to objectively measure colour changes, including an optical microscope, FESEM, XRD, a roughness surface tester, an EDS, and a hand colourimeter. Different ranges of colour obtained by both types of laser with higher surface roughness when using microsecond pulse width.


efforts everywhere. Naor presents only a cursory comparison of Israeli and Palestinian society with respect to the issue of overcoming the challenges of war. Nevertheless, his volume implicitly addresses the question of why Israeli society withstood the challenges and Palestinian society did not do so. The answer largely boils down to the creation of institutions. Israeli society painstakingly constructed both governmental and non-governmental institutions during the period of the British Mandate. Palestinian society, on the other hand, devoted few resources to the creation of comparable institutions. Hence, when war broke out, Israeli society had an effective support structure in place with which to weather the storm. Palestinian society did not possess a remotely similar structure, which constitutes the central reason for its rapid disintegration. Naor's volume, in sum, furnishes a wealth of data, as well as a lucid interpretation of this data, which combine to shine much light on a heretofore under-researched dimension of the War of Independence. This pioneering work deserves to occupy a prominent place in the literature about the war.


Davidson Award for Service of the National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialists (NACNS). This award is given in honor of Dr Sue Davidson, who served 2 terms as president of the organization in its early years, facilitated the development of the first Statement on Clinical Nurse Specialist Practice and Education, and was instrumental in developing the organization's membership survey process. In the spirit of Dr Davidson, Dr Hazard was recognized for a long-standing commitment to the education of clinical nurse specialists, her role as associate editor for research for the NACNS journal, and her work to strengthen the research of clinical nurse specialists. In 1980, a year after receiving her PhD, Dr Hazard joined the faculty at the Yale School of Nursing, where she began her work in helping to educate clinical nurse specialists. She was responsible for teaching research methods and statistics and was so impressed with the students and their understanding of the need to advance the science of the profession. Because the students and their professors were actively engaged in practice, their research questions were relevant, timely, and focused on improving outcomes for their clients. They were clearly engaged in developing what is now called evidence-based practice. During her time at Yale, she was asked to become the first associate editor for research for the journal Clinical Nurse Specialist. She continued in that role until her retirement, more than 20 years later. Through editorials and feedback to authors, she advocated for more clinical research aimed at improving patient outcomes. While at Yale, she also published the first edition of her textbook, Statistical Methods for Health Care Research. Moving to the University of Pennsylvania 6 years later, Dr Hazard continued to teach methods and statistics, but now to doctoral students. She was also the research director at the hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, where she assisted practicing nurses with their research projects. Once again, she was working with clinical nurse specialists as they identified problems and tested new approaches to improve client care. She has always said that this was one of the most satisfying roles she ever had. In 1991, Dr Hazard became the dean of the William F. Connell School of Nursing at Boston College. One of her major efforts was to strengthen the curriculum for the preparation of advanced practice nurses. She encouraged nurses to enroll in doctoral programs where they would gain the skills they needed to become principal investigators on important studies. She continued as associate editor of the journal Clinical Nurse Specialist and was elected to a term on the Board of NACNS. Dr Hazard has contributed to the continued development of the science of nursing through work with students, feedback to hundreds of authors, 5 editions of her book and other publications, and her administrative support for excellence in the preparation of clinical nurse specialists. Jo Ellen Rust, MSN, RN


Androgen deprivation therapy, one of the standard treatments for prostate cancer (PCa) induces apoptosis, as well as autophagy in androgen‐responsive PCa cells. As autophagy can promote either cell survival or death, it is important to understand its role in PCa treatment. The objective of this study was to elucidate the function of autophagy in lipid droplet (LD) homeostasis and survival in androgen‐sensitive PCa cells.


The author elaborates on some political aspects of global problems as discussed at the International Congress "Global Future 2045" held in Moscow on 17 February 20, 2012. The main tenet of the article is any countering eventual disastrous effects of global problems is doomed to failure without a respective changes in collective consciousness and public opinion and fundamental transformation in the modern world order based on the primacy of state sovereignty. These changed require the formation of international civil society and the principle of a new ideology based on the primacy of human values.


Many recent publications have highlighted the need for, and value of, concept assessments (also called inventories) in undergraduate biology education. Current interest in such assessments is primarily due to the emergence of a community of science education researchers in biology, who both approach teaching from a scientific perspective and want to measure the potential successes of their teaching reforms. Well-designed, valid and reliable assessment tools that allow instructors to capture student learning of the main concepts of biology are becoming an essential way to inform biology instructors about what students learn in college biology courses. This review summarises the general approaches taken in creating such concept assessment tools and presents some of the ways to effectively use them.


Resolution of conflicts between local development and protection of the global climate is difficult. In the United States, policies in the energy‐rich state of Alaska favour development of resources rather than protection, and, further, most state policies are not based on jurisprudence principles that consider the problem of global climate change. In our article, we describe a proposal to develop a large coal strip mine that raises conflicts between local development and protection of the global climate. We suggest that application of the Public Trust Doctrine might better protect the global climate. We believe our study has import for similar situations elsewhere.


M r = 3041.84, orthorhombic, Fdd2, a = 18.272(6), b = 1 8 . 6 1 3 ( 6 ) , c = 6 . 5 9 3 ( 2 ) A , V = 2242 (2) A 3, z = 8, D x = 2.25 g c m -3, Ge(331)-monochromatized neutrons, 2 = 0.8263 (I) A, fl = 0 . 4 0 4 c m -~, 2 0 K , R ( F 2 ) = 0 . 0 4 4 (1976 reflections). The tetrahedral sites have complete A12Si 3 order. Although the S i O and A1-O distances correlate inversely with the S i O A 1 angle as for other ordered fibrous zeolites, there are differences which may relate to the ionic potential of the extraframework cations. 0108-2701/84/101658-05501.50 © 1984 International Union of Crystallography GILBERTO ARTIOLI, JOSEPH V. SMITH AND AKE KVICK 1659 The hydrogen bonds follow the inverse relation between O(water ) -H and O(framework)-H found in thomsonite and edingtonite. Introduction. This fourth paper on the bonding of water molecules in fibrous zeolites [edingtonite (Kvick & Smith, 1983); scolecite (Smith, Pluth, Artioli & Ross, 1984); thomsonite (Pluth, Smith & Kvick, 1984)] provides precise coordinates for natrolite at 20 K. Positions of framework atoms, sodium atoms and water atoms at room temperature were determined with lower precision by Taylor, Meek & Jackson (1933), Meier (1960) and Torrie, Brown & Petch (1964). Most natrolite crystals are almost pure Na2A12Si3010.2H20 with essentially complete AI2Si 3 ordering (Alberti, Pongiluppi & Vezzalini, 1982), but some have minor AI, Si disorder (Pabst, 1971; Alberti & Vezzalini, 1981; Hesse, 1983). The highest symmetry of the TsO~0 tetrahedral framework of natrolite is I41/a2/m2/d (Smith, 1983), but the rotation of the 4-1 chains in the 0246 arrangement (Alberti & Gottardi, 1975) and the topochemistry of the AI2Si 3 type of ordering result in space group Fdd2. Heating above room temperature causes loss of water, rotation of the 4-1 chains, and movement of the sodium atom (Peacor, 1973; Alberti & Vezzalini, 1983). Experimental. Square prism (5.3 × 5.3 x 3.1 mm) with six faces from the {001 } and { 110} forms was cut from a crystal from Dutoitspan, South Africa (Cambridge University collection No. 193466). Electron microprobe analysis of a small fragment of the crystal from Dutoitspan confirmed that chemical composition is Na2AI2Si3010.2H20; in particular, no Ca was detected at the 0. lwt% level. This confirms the usually pure Na composition of natrolites (Alberti et al., 1982) and the hypothesis that zeolites with ordered framework have a relatively narrow compositional field (Alberti, 1979). Prism mounted on aluminum pin with e slightly off the ~0 axis of a four-circle diffractometer at the Brookhaven High Flux Beam Reactor. Crystal temperature held at 20 (0.5) K with closed-cycle refrigerator (Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., model CS-202 Displex) within He-filled aluminum can. Cell dimensions at 20 K determined by least-squares fit to sin20 data from 32 reflections with 46 < 20 < 53 °. Reflection intensities measured by 0/20 step scans through Bragg peaks, scan interval A20= 3.4 ° for 2 0 < 58 ° and A20= (3.4 + 3.06 tan 0) ° for 2 0 > 58 ° . Between 75 and 100 steps adjusted per scan with 7-10 steps representing background on either side. Each step counted for about 2 s until a preset number of counts was accumulated in direct-beam monitor. Reciprocal space explored for +h +k +l for 20 < 120 °. Gaussian integration for 6 x 6 x 6 grid gave transmission factors between 0.76 and 0.90. Averaging of 2276 intensities out to sin 0 / 2 = 1.05 A -1 gave 2176 Fo 2 values for Table 1. Atomic coordinates and equivalent isotropic thermal parameters (expressed as average amplitude) r.m.s. x y z t)(A) si(1) 0 0 0 0.058 si(2) o. 15274 (4) 0.21171 (4) 0.62264 (19) 0.058 AI 0.03683 (4) 0.09422 (4) 0.61509 (21) 0.059 O(1) 0.02206 (3) 0.06903 (3) 0.86671 (19) 0.075 0(2) 0.06922 (3) 0.18280 (3) 0.60942 (19) 0.068 0(3) 0.09839 (3) 0.03544 (3) 0.50079 (19) 0.074 0(4) 0.20566 (3) 0.15246 (3) 0.72465 (18) 0.073 0(5) 0.17986 (3) 0.22790 (3) 0.38987 (18) 0.074 Na 0.22072 (5) 0.03063 (5) 0.61735 (22) 0.081 OW 0.05631 (3) 0-18948 (3) 0.11087 (19) 0.089 H(I) 0.05139 (9) 0.14423 (8) 0.03797 (31) 0.154 H(2) 0.10291 (8) 0.18912(10) 0.17941 (34) 0.163 structure refinement: Rin t = 0 . 0 1 9 . h 0-34, k0 -35 , 10-11. Two standard reflections, intensity variation <2.8%. Refinement followed procedure for edingtonite (Kvick & Smith, 1983). Neutron scattering lengths given by Koester, Rauch, Herkens & Schroder (1981). Refinement of neutron scattering lengths for Si, A1, Na and water atoms consistent with A1/Si order and full occupancy of non-framework atoms. One scale factor, six extinction parameters, 33 positional and 70 anisotropic thermal parameters varied in final cycles of least-squares refinement. Full-matrix procedure minimized YcO[Fo 2 (kFJl2; k is overall scale factor and o)-~=ac2(Fo2)+(O.O2FoZ) 2. Extinction effects corrected using Becker & Coppens (1974, 1975) formalism assuming anisotropic type I model with Lorentzian mosaic-spread distribution. This model was significantly better than an isotropic type I or anisotropic type II model. Primary extinction may be significant for type-I-dominated extinction, and the present formalism is unreliable here for large corrections (Becker, 1977). Hence reflections with an arbitrarily chosen extinction correction larger than 1.40 were given zero weight in final cycles of refinement to avoid bias in thermal parameters. Resulting anisotropic extinction parameters are 0.118 (2), 0.248 (7), 0.071 (1), --0.041 (3), 0.072 (1), and 0 . 0 7 7 (3) × 109. Final R(F2)=0 .044 and Rw(F2)=0.059 for 1976 reflections [R(F 2) = 0.054 including 200 zero-weight reflections]. Final difference-Fourier synthesis essentially featureless with largest residual < 4% of oxygen atom. Max. A/a=O.05. All calculations used a crystallographic program package from the University of Uppsala (to be published). Discussion. The final atomic coordinates (Table 1)* have e.s.d.'s ten times smaller than those given by Torrie et al. (1964) for ordered natrolite at room temperature, * Lists of structure factors and anisotropic thermal parameters have been deposited with the British Library Lending Division as Supplementary Publication No. SUP 39491 (24 pp.). Copies may be obtained through The Executive Secretary, International Union of Crystallography, 5 Abbey Square, Chester CH l 2HU, England. 1660 N A T R O L I T E and agree within 3a. The small equivalent isotropic temperature factors observed at 20 K (Table 1) are consistent with the lack of substitutional disorder and the presence of only weak thermal disorder governed by atomic mass and bonding forces. The present discussion relies on the stereoview of Hesse (1983, Fig. 1). Complete A12Si 3 ordering for the present natrolite was demonstrated by the refinement of scattering lengths, and is confirmed by the large value (0.34 ,/~) of b a which depends on the degree of ordering and associated rotation of the 4-1 chains (Alberti & Vezzalini, 1981). The inverse correlation of A1-O and S i O distances with the A 1 O S i , S i O A 1 and S i O S i angles for natrolite and other ordered fibrous zeolites (Fig. 1) and particularly the different trends for S i O A 1 vs S i O in natrolite and thomsonite provide yet another illustration of the well known rule that an Si ,AI-O distance is not governed just by the Si,AI substitution (Gibbs, Meagher, Newton & Swanson, 1981). Even the mean of the four T O distances in a tetrahedron is not a sufficient indicator of the Si,A1 substitution, and the present values of 1.620 and 1.622 A for mean S i O and 1.747 A for mean A1-O (Table 2) are different from the 1.612 and 1.751 A assumed by Hesse (1983). Although there is some uncertainty in the degree of Si,AI order in albite, NaA1Si30 8, from Amelia, Virginia (Harlow & Brown, 1980), it is quite certain from the mean distances (1.609, 1.614, 1.616, 1.743 A) for albite that the T O distances in albite and natrolite are affected by more than the Si,A1 substitution and the type of extraframework cation. Gibbs (1982) reviewed the progress in understanding the chemical and structural features of the bonding in aluminosilicates. The negative correlation of the T O distance with the T O T angle is similar to that found for mordenite (Gibbs, Meagher, Smith & Pluth, 1977); it can be related to the s character of the bridging oxygen atom (Newton & Gibbs, 1980). However, each


The fundamental concept of mental model has three containing types which are mental model (MM), shared mental model (SMM), and organizational mental model (OMM). It has reciprocal relationship among these three elements. This paper is purpose to analyze the reciprocal relationships of the elements, and also to analyze the reciprocal mechanism of mental model itself. This paper is also willing to illustrate the potential value to the development of enterprise by the reciprocal mental model.


The purpose of the study was to find out how the meaning of promotional media design as a marketing strategy at Setia Negara Vocational School was in order to meet the target in the acceptance of new students. The research method used in this research is to see the visual meaning of a promotional video that shows all activities and facilities and infrastructure at SMK Setia Negara, using a qualitative method with a Roland Barthes semiotic study approach. The results achieved in this study are by making scientific articles with the title Study of Promotional Media Design as a Marketing Strategy at SMK Setia Negara which will be published in 2022. The results of this research are expected to be useful both in concept and practice as well as one of the requirements to achieve a bachelor's degree and can also be useful for all parties involved in this study, especially at SMK Setia Negara. It is hoped that this research will also become a study of learning about how the content of the promotional video shown in the promotional video of Setia Negara Vocational School is related to social reality.


The purpose of this paper is to set forth the Village Church of Barrington's position on gender roles. We do so for at least three reasons. First, though gender roles is not an essential doctrine of the Christian faith on par with the deity of Christ or the atonement, it is nevertheless indispensable for Christian practice. A church's position on this issue affects how women serve in the church. It also affects how husbands and wives relate to one another in the home. So a church cannot remain neutral; it must draw the line somewhere.


This invention relates to a process and installation for plasma heat treatment of a gas mixture for its use in thermal and electric power generation plants. According to the invention, the procedure consists in the feeding of a cylindrical reaction room with a gas mixture divided into at least two different flows, tangentially to the direction of a jet of plasma, so as to create a vortex around the jet of plasma, followed by the decrease of the primary gas speed by its expansion in a cham ber with increased Volume and area; cooling of the primary gas to a temperature of 800... 1000° C. due to endothermic reactions, Solidification and gravity separation from the cooled primary gas of vitrified inorganic particles; the cooling of the primary gas up to 60° C. followed by its barbotage into a NaOH solution to remove unwanted chemical elements, resulting in a final gas mixture, and the transport of the final gas mixture thus obtained, to end user to produce heatenergy and electricity. The installation corresponding to the proce dure according to the invention consists of a reactor (1) formed of a cylindrical room (2) with an intake system (3) to treat gas and a plasma cannon (4), an expansion room (5) provided with a hydraulic lock (6), for the evacuation of vitrified materials and a discharge outlet (7) of the treated gas to a heat exchanger (8) for cooling the resulted gas, a scrubber (9) for chemical treatment of gas, a CO analyzer (10) and a gas-moving system (11) for its delivery to the equipment (12) for producing cogeneration/trigeneration electricity.