ABSTRACT Background. Exclusive breastfeeding is essential for the mother's wellbeing, fundamental for the newborn's development and indispensable for the reinforcement of bonding. According to the WHO, breastfeeding after childbirth should be initiated within the first 30 minutes following delivery. Early breastfeeding contributes to the reduction of neonatal morbidity and mortality but is oftentimes not respected. The objective of this survey was to determine the factors associated with breastfeeding initiation. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Yaounde Gynaeco-Obstetric and Paediatric Hospital from December 2018 to May 2019. We included women with livebirth infants > 2000g, without breastfeeding contraindications during the first hour of immediate postpartum. Results. We enrolled 250 mothers, mostly from the Centre region (40%), with a secondary school education level in 43%. The vaginal route was the main mode of delivery (70%). The newborns had a mean gestational age of 38.4±1.6 weeks with a male predominance. The average time of breastfeeding initiation was 120 minutes and only 40% of mothers had put the baby to breast within the first hour after birth. The factors associated with delayed breastfeeding initiation were delivery by caesarean section and the Centre region as origin or place of residence. Conclusion. The delay in the early initiation of breastfeeding was long, and influenced by a number of risk factors related to maternal, neonatal and interventional determinants. This may be reduced by the reinforcement of education and antenatal care in order to prevent complications and hence the delay of breastfeeding initiation. RESUME Introduction. L'allaitement exclusif est fondamental pour l'etat de sante et le bon developpement de la mere et de l'enfant. Selon l'OMS, la mise au sein apres l'accouchement doit se faire dans les 30 minutes suivant la naissance. La mise au sein precoce contribue a la reduction de la morbi-mortalite neonatale et n'est pas toujours respectee. Objectifs. L'objectif etait de determiner les facteurs influencant la mise au sein precoce. Moyens et methodes : Nous avons mene une etude transversale dans les services de gynecologie et obstetrique et de neonatologie, allant du 1er decembre 2018 au 31 mai 2019. Nous avons incluse toutes les meres vivantes ayant donne naissance a un nouveau-ne a terme ou premature > 2000g, sans contre-indication a la mise au sein, apres la premiere heure post partum. Resultats. Nous avons enrole 250 meres, originaires de la region du centre dans 44,40% et d'un niveau d'education secondaire dans 43%. La voie basse etait la principale voie d'accouchement (70% des cas). Les nouveau-nes avaient un âge gestationnel moyen de 38,4 ± 1,6 SA et un poids de naissance moyen de 3168,6 ± 508,7g ; une predominance masculine (sex ratio de 1,29). Le delai median de mise au sein etait de 120 minutes et seulement 40% des meres avaient mis le bebe au sein dans l'heure suivant la naissance. Les facteurs associes au retard a la mise au sein etaient l'accouchement par cesarienne et l'appartenance a la region du Centre. Conclusion. Le delai de mise au sein dans notre serie etait tres long apres la naissance, et il etait influence par l'appartenance a la region du Centre et l'accouchement par cesarienne.


A very high resolution infrared Fourier transform spectrometer has been used to record solar spectra at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. Spectra are normally taken one day a week at sunrise. These spectra have been analyzed for ozone and N2O total columns, and the ozone column compared with the value reported by the Mauna Loa Dobson spectrophotometer. Aside from the FTIR reporting about 5% lower values than the Dobson (which may be due to a systematic difference in the treatment of tropospheric ozone), the FTIR and Dobson agree to within 2.7% (RMS) during this period.


Abstract Stem rot (caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) is an important fungal disease of canola (Brassica napus), causing significant yield losses worldwide. Sources of genetic resistance to this disease in B. napus are scarce; however, Brassica species carrying the B-genome have been reported to possess high levels of resistance to stem rot. In order to transfer resistance from B. carinata to B. napus, an interspecific cross of B. napus × B. carinata was carried out and a doubled-haploid (DH) population was developed from BC2S3 plants. Fifty-eight DH lines, of which two carried B-genome linkage groups, and nine accessions of the diploid and amphidiploid Brassica species were screened in a growth chamber for resistance to stem rot. The B. napus parent ('Westar') and all B. rapa and B. oleracea reference lines were susceptible to sclerotinia stem rot, while the B. carinata parent as well as the B. nigra and B. juncea reference lines were resistant to this disease. Significant variation for the response to sclerotinia stem rot was found in the DH lines. The two DH lines carrying B-genome chromosomes showed significant (P < 0.01) resistance compared to the species without B-genome chromosomes. However, some of the DH lines, in which no B-genome introgression was apparent, also showed good resistance to this disease. Broad-sense heritability was estimated to be H = 54% for S. sclerotiorum-induced lesion length in this population.


Sodium borohydride is an attractive alternative fuel for application in fuel cells as alternative hydrogen sources (indirect borohydride fuel cells (IDBFC)) due to its advantages of high hydrogen storage efficiency (10.8 wt.%), stability in air at high pH values, easily controlled generation of hydrogen and high purity of hydrogen obtained from the catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride solution, nonflammability and side product recyclability [1,2]. Active search of effective catalysts for catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride solution to generate pure hydrogen is still in progress. Here we present the study of nanostructured Pt-Ni, PtCu and Pt-Co catalysts deposited on the titanium surface for the catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. The nanostructured catalysts with different Pt loadings were deposited on the titanium surface via galvanic displacement technique. Thin electroless films of Ni, Cu and Co were chosen as underlayers for the formation of immersion platinum overlayer onto the titanium surface. The morphology and composition of prepared catalysts were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of nanostructured Pt(Ni)/Ti, Pt(Cu)/Ti and Pt(Co)/Ti catalysts was determined by measuring the amount of hydrogen generated directly from aqueous alkaline solutions of sodium borohydride. The data on hydrogen generation volume with respect to time at different concentrations of sodium borohydride and different temperatures have been presented. It was found that the nanostructured Pt(Ni)/Ti, Pt(Cu)/Ti and Pt(Co)/Ti catalysts exhibit a higher catalytic activity for the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride as compared with those of Ni/Ti, Cu/Ti and Co/Ti catalysts.


In this study, we investigated the cause of compatibility problem between fine transferability and transmitted wavefront aberration which is a problem in injection molding of plastic optical element.The relationship between the processing parameters, the quality of the sample, and the pressure in the mold was investigated using a mold of an antireflection structure.As a result, mold temperature and holding pressure are important to obtain high transfer rate, but high holding pressure markedly deteriorates transmitted wavefront aberration.This reason is that the pressure remaining in the mold before the mold opening increased the resistance on ejection process and the surface was deformed.The low mold temperature caused a difference in cooling rate, the mold shrinkage became non-uniform, and the transmitted wavefront aberration deteriorated.


Eutectic compositions and temperatures in potassium thiocyanate mixtures with Li chloride and bromide, and with Na, K, Rb, Cs chlorides, bromides and iodides were determined. A detailed investigation performed on the accessible portion of the liquidus area of the system K+, Na+/CNS-, Cl- allowed to state the existence of five crystallization regions and three invariant points.


The Chandra Deep Fields (CDFs), being a major thrust among extragalactic X-ray surveys and complemented effectively by multiwavelength observations, have critically contributed to our dramatically improved characterization of the 0.5–8 keV cosmic X-ray background sources, the vast majority of which are distant active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and starburst and normal galaxies. In this review, I highlight some recent key observational results, mostly from the CDFs, on the AGN demography, the interactions between AGNs and their host galaxies, the evolution of non-active galaxy X-ray emission, and the census of X-ray galaxy groups and clusters through cosmic time, after providing the necessary background information. I then conclude by summarizing some significant open questions and discussing future prospects


The purpose of this review is to bring together results of recent biochemical analyses of normal human bone, dentin, and enamel. Studies on the recognizable structural elements by electron microscopy and histology invite the analyst to try to achieve a separation of these tissues before determining their chemical properties. Separation would be of special importance in the case of enamel, but the technical difficulties involved are considerable. These difficulties are due to a number of factors, such as the properties of the three types of tissue in regard to the cellular eIements and to remodelling. Other factors also require consideration when studying the amount of the organic matrix present in each tissue. Considerable variation in the degree of calcification is observed along bone and dentin, longitudinally, and bone Ca, " ratios increase markedly until adult life. Crown dentin samples from deciduous and permanent teeth show the same degree of calcification. Such crowns differ, however, in enamel organic content, but no correlation with type of tooth or with age was observed for dentin or enamel analyses. Summarizing the ranges of values, it is apparent that the organic content of bone normally ranges from 24 to 26 per cent, the values being I9 to 2 1 per cent in the case of dentin. With an organic content of 0.5 to 0.9 per cent, deciduous enamel differs significantly from permanent enamel, which has 0.4 to 0.8 per cent. The corresponding coefficients of variation are found to be about 4 per cent for bone and dentin, and 12 per cent for both types of enamel. TP~BLE 1 shows values calculated lately from the groups of samples analyzed by Hodge and his co-workers,' Yragiff and Karshan,2 (:ruickshank,s Le Fevre and Manly,4 Armstrong and B r e k h u G The fifth and seventh entries5' relate to the present studies; the difference between these organic content values was shown to be due only to the higher calcification of the crowns. The values for bone have been calculated from the nitrogen determinations described by Vogt and Tonsager,* and by Baker, Butterworth, and L a n g l e ~ , ~ who agreed on the nitrogen content of 4.7 per cent. Both sets, each of about 30 samples, show a distribution which does not appear to be quite normal, probably because of the continued calcification with age. Those for dentin and enamel, comprising four groups of 50 samples, appeared normally distributed with no age correlation.


Following a review of industries based in the UK, it was found that not many are involved in the use or handling of ultrafine powders, or are involved in processes which may produce ultrafine particles, or particles with high specific surface areas. A limited set of measurements of particle number concentration and size distribution was carried out in those industries where ultrafine particles were likely to be found. The findings were as follows: (i) There was no evidence that ultrafine powders or particles are aerosolized in an unagglomerated state, or remain so for a significant length of time during any of the processes investigated; (ii) the industrial processes investigated involving heat, such as welding, soldering and plasma spraying, produced high levels of aerosol in the ultrafine size region; (iii) the concentration and size distribution of ultrafine particles inside the factory could, at times, be dominated by levels in the ambient air outside the factory, where particles from local combustion sources such as vehicles and oil refineries emit massive numbers of ultrafine particles.


To minimize the damage caused by wildfires, a deep learning-based wildfire-detection technology that extracts features and patterns from surveillance camera images was developed. However, many studies related to wildfire-image classification based on deep learning have highlighted the problem of data imbalance between wildfire-image data and forest-image data. This data imbalance causes model performance degradation. In this study, wildfire images were generated using a cycle-consistent generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) to eliminate data imbalances. In addition, a densely-connected-convolutional-networks-based (DenseNet-based) framework was proposed and its performance was compared with pre-trained models. While training with a train set containing an image generated by a GAN in the proposed DenseNet-based model, the best performance result value was realized among the models with an accuracy of 98.27% and an F1 score of 98.16, obtained using the test dataset. Finally, this trained model was applied to high-quality drone images of wildfires. The experimental results showed that the proposed framework demonstrated high wildfire-detection accuracy.


In order to find the possibility for the corresponding marker genes to be used on the genetic manipulation of a Lactobacillus lactis, the inhibition effects on the growth of the Lactobacillus lactis strain RL01 were studied by three antibiotics including chloramphenicol, ampicillin and kanamycin and two carbohydrates such as Dmannose and D-xylose. Results showed: (1) Chloramphenicol and ampicillin with low concentration (5 mg/L) could inhibit and kill the Lactobacillus lacti notably, but kanamycin with concentrations among 5 mg/L-400 mg/L could not inhibit the growth of the strain. Thus the chloramphenicol resistant gene and ampicillin resistant gene (Ampr) are suitable to use as the selected marker genes for Lactobacillus lacti LR01 while kanamycin resistant gene (Kanr) not. (2) The Lactobacillus lacti LR01 could use D-mannose as carbon source and the phosphomannose isomerase gene (pmi) is not suitable to use as its selected marker. When D-xylose as carbon source, the growth of LR01 strain were inhibited notably. The xylose isomerase (xylA) may be used as the food-grade selected marker gene for this strain.


NEt3-mediated reaction of salicylaldehydes (I) with (Z)-butenoate (II) provides an easy access to 2-trifluoromethylchromenols (III), which can readily be oxidized to corresponding chromones (IV).


Industrial control systems are increasingly used for control and monitoring of important infrastructure. Machine learning algorithms have the ability to discover patterns in large amounts of data and to create diagnosis models based on these patterns. Since modelling a large amount of unlabeled data is costly and time-consuming, the automated machine learning methods have the ability to detect anomalies in industrial control systems effectively. In this paper, first, twenty-four machine learning algorithms are evaluated for anomaly detection in gas distribution control network. Then dimensionality reduction algorithms are used to improve the accuracy of anomaly detection. Finally, by using an evolutionary based optimization for training a neural network, a new algorithm for prediction of anomalies in the SCADA system with high accuracy is proposed. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has the ability to detect the anomalies in the gas distribution control network with 97.5% accuracy.


A male patient with a giant melanocytic nevus and multiple small ones is reported, who revealed a single episode of focal seizure at the age of 6 years. Thereafter, he remained free of any symptoms and signs until the age of 12 years when he developed the full spectrum of neurological manifestations of neurocutaneous melanosis. He died from a malignant meningeal melanoma at the age of 14 years. In view of the severity of the neurological manifestations and the poor prognosis of neurocutaneous melanosis, close monitoring of patients with giant and/or multiple congenital melanocytic nevi is of essential importance for the prompt diagnosis and management of this lethal syndrome.


OBS meeting/workshop at HMS Raleigh, Plymouth with John Allen (UoP), Charlotte Marcinko (NOCS), Cdr Kev Gomm OBE (OC RNSMS), Lt Nick Taylor (RNSMS WTOOC(E)), Lt Cdr Andy Taylor (ST18 to FOST), PO Si Withnall (WSTOAD5 (RNSMS Maintainer)), LS(SSM) Mike Hyde, LS(SSM) Peter Bradbury, LS(SSM) Stephen Williams. To discuss training in Ocean Biogeochemistry available to submariners.


Abstract The relationship between psychometric intelligence and Selective Reminding Test (SRT) performance was examined using the data from 60 college students, aged 18 to 35. Subjects were divided into four groups (Low Average, Average, High Average, and Superior) on the basis of their Satz-Mogel Full Scale WAIS-R IQ. MANOVA yielded significant group differences for five of the SRT scores wherein the Low Average group's performance was significantly lower than that of the High Average and Superior groups. Gender differences emerged for four of the SRT dependent measures, with women scoring higher than men independent of group membership. No significant gender differences emerged on IQ. Results suggest that psychometric intelligence is moderately related to SRT performance. The scores of the Low Average group fell approximately 1 SD below comparable SRT normative data. These results suggest that the use of SRT normative data which does not consider intellectual level may put clinicians at risk of overesti...


Objective: To observe the clinical effect of acupuncture on patients with hyperlipemia in theory of spleen and investigate the mechanism of regulating the lipid metabolism and preventing and treating atherosclerosis (AS) by acupuncture. Methods: Forty-five patients with hyperlipemia were divided into three groups at random (all were asked to take low lipid food) ; drug group, acupuncture group and control group. The elbow venous blood of all patients was collected to examine the level of blood lipid (TC, TG, HDL, LDL) and NO before and after treatment. The AI was calculated accordingly. Results: Except control group, all subjects in other groups demonstrated significant improvement in blood lipid, AI, NO ( P 0. 05 or 0. 01). Conclusion: Acupuncture in theory of spleen had reliable effect of regulating the metabolism of lipid and might be taken as an important measure to prevent and treat hyperlipemia and AS. Its regulatory mechanism may be relevant to increasing the level of blood NO of hyperlipemia patients so as to prevent the progress of AS.


Skeletal muscle tissue contains polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors that are coextracted by conventional nucleic acid extraction procedures. Myoglobin, a heme‐containing molecule, was shown to act as a potent Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase inhibitor and is likely to be involved in muscle tissue‐associated PCR inhibition. The use of Thermus thermophilus DNA polymerase avoids muscle tissue‐associated PCR inhibition, and should be used in case of small amounts or instability of the targeted nucleic acid. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 21:1064–1067, 1998.


No‐/slow‐reflow phenomenon (NRP) is a severe complication in patients with ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). This study aimed to explore the relationship between elevated serum uric acid (SUA) and NRP in patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI, focusing on inflammation and angiographic findings.


Papillary fibroelastomas are rare, benign primary heart neoplasms that mainly affect the heart valves. These neoplasms have the potential to cause serious, life threatening thromboembolic complications. Here we present the case of a 60-year-old asymptomatic woman with an aortic valve mass that was incidentally discovered via transthoracic echocardiography. There was no evidence of systemic thromboembolism. The mass was surgically excised and histologic examination led to a final diagnosis of papillary fibroelastoma.


This article explores how structures of feeling shape everyday life and local atmospheres in two industrial neighbourhoods located in the cities of Moscow and Yekaterinburg. Developing Raymond Williams's concept of structure of feeling, I conceptualise it as an affective principle regulating sensual experiences, spatial imaginaries and practical activities of local communities within socio-material infrastructures. I argue that Soviet (socialist/industrial/residual) and post-Soviet (neoliberal/post-industrial/emergent) structures of feeling co-exist in senses, imaginaries and the landscapes of Russia's deindustrialising urban areas. Working-class and long-standing middle-class residents show an affective attachment to place and tend to imagine their neighbourhoods with the help of an industrial structure of feeling comprising values of factory culture, communality and shared space, while an emergent structure of feeling is informed by values of neoliberal development, individual comfort and private space. Drawing on multi-sited ethnography in two locations, this article provides an empirically grounded theorisation of the concept of structure of feeling by bringing it in sociology of space and place and urban anthropology. It contributes to the debate about place attachment of deindustrialising communities and their vision of the past, present and future of their neighbourhoods by an extended understanding of structure of feeling not as a spirit of the time but as a multiple spirit of the time and place.


Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) is a medicinal mushroom which possesses numerous health benefits. With a view to popularize the cultivation of G. lucidum in Sri Lanka, a study was done to identify an appropriate substrate from local raw materials for its artificial cultivation in polypropylene bags. Sawdust of four woods viz. Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Jack (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and Lunumidella (Melia dubia) were used as substrates after mixing with other general ingredients. The mushroom was grown in 100% Rubber, 100% Mango, 100% Jack, 100% Lunumidella, 50% Rubber + 50% Mango, 50% Rubber + 50% Jack, and 50% Rubber + 50% Lunumidella sawdust combinations. The number of days taken for colonization and primordial formation, number of fruiting bodies per bag, yield per bag and Biological Efficiency (BE) were recorded. Substrates with Mango (100%), Rubber (100%), Rubber + Mango (50%:50%) and Rubber + Lunumidella (50%:50%) sawdust resulted in equally high yield per bag (49.3 g, 42.5 g, 45.7 g and 43.7 g, respectively) within 1 month after primordia formation, and higher BE of 5.4%, 5.1%, 5.3% and 5.7%, respectively. Higher predicted total yields for a duration of 3 months were resulted by 100% Mango sawdust (541.91 g/bag), Rubber + Mango sawdust (502.37 g/bag), and Rubber + Lunumidella sawdust (480.92 g/bag), followed by Rubber (467.39 g/bag) substrates while the minimum yield (289.08 g/bag) was given by Rubber + Jack sawdust mixture. Considering the scarcity of rubber and mango wood as a sole source for substrate, the mixture of rubber and mango (50%:50%) or rubber and Lunumidella (50%:50%) could be successfully used for cultivation of G. lucidum.


Dysfunction of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is associated with several psychopathological disorders, including drug addiction and neurodegenerative diseases. Herein we design, synthesize and evaluate several irreversible fluorine-containing MAGL inhibitors for positron emission tomography (PET) ligand development. Compound 6 (identified from a therapeutic agent) was advanced for 18F-labeling via a novel spirocyclic iodonium ylide (SCIDY) strategy, which demonstrated high brain permeability and excellent specific binding. This work supports further development of novel 18F-labeled MAGL PET probes.


Abstract Natural rubber latex was depolymerized by a phenylhydrazine-ferrous chloride system. The influence of phenylhydrazine, ferrous chloride, and ferric chloride at initial pH values of 7 and 10 on degree of depolymerization was investigated. The conversion from ferrous ion to ferric ion and vice versa, the consumption of phenylhydrazine, and the formation of radicals initiating the decomposition process have been suggested.


In this paper, the question of whether Christian preaching is implicated in the growing movement of populism is posed. The paper has identified three critical issues that call for investigation in homiletical hermeneutics. The first issue addresses the problem of biblical interpretation for homiletic practice. The second issue has to do with the impact of social media that often distorts the truth. Alarming dependence on the smart phone suggests that the task of the preacher in this rapidly changing visual and high tech culture is to deliver sermons that are critically aware of visual culture rather than literary culture. Finally, the paper calls for an approach to preaching that seeks to reveal missing, hidden and distorted truth as a way to speak against the demonic power of the profit-driven capitalism and the epidemic of gender-based violence against women and sexual minorities.


We investigate the long-time evolution of branching diffusion processes (starting with a single particle) in inhomogeneous media. The qualitative behavior of the processes depends on the intensity of the branching. We analyze the super-critical case, when the total number of particles growing exponentially with positive probability. We study the asymptotics of the number of particles in different regions of space and describe the growth of the region occupied by the particles.


With thankful hearts to Almighty God, the giver of all good, we meet to-day to celebrate this Seventeenth Anniversary of our Academy. I am not insensible to the high honor that you have conferred upon me in selecting me to deliver the Annual Address before you upon this occasion, and follow in the long line of eminent practicioners who have preceded me during the years that are past. I appreciate this compliment, coming as it does from a society which bears so high and honorable a record, and in which I have felt a lively interest from its earliest organization in 1867, down to the


The outcome of war wounds until the late 1800s was dismal, with most significant wounds showing "putrefication and suppuration" prompting surgeons to employ a high rate of amputation. At this time a "spontaneous generation theory" was popular – wound infection being attributed to toxins released by dying tissues. Pasteur's Germ Theory was yet to be published.

Billroth spent a summer vacation as a military surgeon during the Franco-Prussian war (1870–1), a campaign that marked the birth of Germany as a nation. By then Billroth, aged 41, was Professor of Surgery in Vienna, and had already published a book on gunshot wounds in which he had advocated primary closure.

He was posted behind the frontline in military hospitals, first in Weissenburg and then in Mannheim. His wartime observations included missile projectiles, prevention of suppuration, removal of bullets, and the impact of a fracture on the risk of infection. On arrival in Mannheim, the incidence of erysipelas had been alarming, but he reduced infection rates by simple hygienic measures, adopting, but modifying, some of Lister's principles of anti-sepsis. For amputation, he stressed haemostasis, approximation of layers, but allowing open drainage and healing by secondary intention. In October 1870 he had almost 100 patients transferred from Weissenburg to Mannheim so he could study their progress. There was only once case of gangrene.

Conclusion:   Billroth's involvement in the Franco-Prussian war resulted in progress in the treatment of war wounds. He changed his original management, established without much experience in Zurich, to advocate cleansing, dilute antiseptics, and open drainage.


We investigate the possibility of long range orbital order in low- dimensional systems. The study is performed within a two-orbital Hubbard model by means of the Bogoliubov's inequality. We show that, in one- and two-dimensions, and when a narrow conduction band is concerned, this model does not exhibit orbital order at any filling and any finite temperature.


Nowadays, Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) technologies attract a lot of attention in the Internet of Things (IoT) environment. The main reason is because they are able to connect devices that are much further apart than in traditional Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and with very low power consumption. Indeed, LPWA networks are being deployed and, at the same time, they coexist in the current paradigm with all kinds of wireless systems for IoT. In this context of heterogeneity, this work presents the options of combination of LPWA technologies with those used in WSNs so that the systems are designed together and take profit of the best of each one, and total performances are optimized by a proper design of their configuration parameters. A solution to combine IEEE 802.15.4g and Narrow Band-IoT (NB-IoT) technologies is explored and implemented. Through the addition of nodes with double connectivity, it is possible to optimize the communication links using several merit figures. Three possible NB-IoT transceivers have been tested with satisfactory results.


A considerable volume of information exists as to the mechanism of worsted drafting. This process is one that is reasonably amenable to mathematical analysis, since the ideal of perfectly parallel fibre orientation can be closely approached in practice, and sliver regularity is reasonably high. Apart from some pioneer work by Martindale and Angus, no comparable body of knowledge regarding the alternative process of woollen drafting. The present paper, in three parts, constitutes an attempt to enlarge on the findings of Martindale and Angus, and so lay the foundation for a more general approach to this importarit topic. Part I comprises an experimental examination of the tensile properties of woollen slivers, as a function both of their inherent fibre structure, diameter or counts, and of the twist inserted into them. It also deals with the loss of twist which is invariably found to occur when a woollen sliver is simultaneously twisted and extended. This information is essential to any attempt to forecast ...


Centaurs – planet-crossing bodies in the region of the giant planets that mainly originate in the Kuiper Belt/Scattered Disk [1, 2] – are thought to be the primary impactors on the giant planets and their satellites [3-8]. As part of an effort to interpret the cratering records of the saturnian satellites, we are developing a dynamical-physical model for the size distribution of potential impactors on the moons.

Most models of the orbital distribution of "observable" comets[1] assume that the size of the nucleus does not change with time. These models treat physical evolution only by assuming a lifetime, after which comets are considered inactive or "faded". These models do not specify a fading mechanism, but assume an expression for the probability that a comet remains active after some amount of time [10-14]. Fading can result from loss of all volatiles, formation of a nonvolatile mantle on the surface of the nucleus, or splitting [15, 16].

A model of the erosion of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and 46P/Wirtanen due to sublimation of water ice throughout their orbital evolution estimates that 67P’s nucleus has shrunk from a radius of 2.5 km to 2 km, while 46P’s has decreased from 1 km to 0.6 km [17]. This calculation assumes that 10% of the nucleus is active and that its density is 500 kg/m3. These estimates are uncertain because comets follow chaotic orbits, but in general, erosion has a bigger effect on smaller nuclei.

Some comets are active well beyond the water-ice sublimation zone within 3 au. Eighteen active Centaurs are currently known [18, 19]. 29P/Schwassmann-Wachmann, which follows a near-circular orbit at 6 au, is a copious source of dust and CO [20-22] and undergoes significant dust outbursts 7 or more times a year [23]. 174P/Echeclus underwent an outburst 13 au from the Sun that released ≈ 300 kg/s of dust for about two months [24], a rate comparable to the 530 kg/s of dust released by 67P at its peak near 1.3 au [25]. Echeclus also underwent several more outbursts near perihelion (≈6 au) with CO outgassing at ≈ 10% the rate of 29P at the same heliocentric distance and dust mass loss rates of 10 - 700 kg/s [20]. 2060 Chiron is another Centaur that is sporadically active in gas and dust, consistent with a more depleted state, like Echeclus [20].

Di Sisto et al. (2009) constructed a model of the orbital distributions of Jupiter-family comets (JFCs) that incorporated planetary perturbations, nongravitational forces, sublimation, and splitting. They considered nuclei with initial radii of 10, 5, and 1 km [26]. Di Sisto et al. found that 5- and 10-km comets usually evolved onto Centaur orbits, while 1-km comets were most likely to shrink below 100 m. Inspired by their work, we are developing a model for the dynamical-physical evolution of JFCs and Centaurs. We will use the orbital distribution found by Nesvorny et al. as our baseline model [14, 27].

We will first focus on modeling the evolution of the size distribution of JFCs. The model will eventually account for mass loss by both JFCs and Centaurs, with activity driven by H2O, CO, or other volatiles. The fraction of the nucleus that is active will be allowed to vary with size, since smaller nuclei are typically more active [28-30]. We will then implement a model for cometary splitting with these inputs: the frequency of splitting as a function of perihelion distance; the fraction of the comet’s mass released as fragments; the size distribution of the fragments; and the velocity imparted to the fragments by the splitting event. We will present preliminary results of our simulations.

We thank Raphael Marschall for discussions and the Cassini Data Analysis Program for support.

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[1] The simplest model used to compare simulated and observed orbital distributions assumes that comets that pass perihelion within a fixed distance from the Sun, such as 2.5 au, are "discovered" [9].


We introduce a powerful new framework for monotonic reasoning about general first-order default knowledge. It is based on an extension of standard predicate logic with a new generalized quantifier, called the rational default quantifier, whose meaning is grasped by quasi-probabilistic Kπ-ranking measure constraints over product domains. It subsumes and refines the original propositional notion of a rational default conditional, admits a sound and complete axiomatization, RDQ, and overcomes some basic problems of other first-order conditional approaches.


PURPOSE: A low alloy hot rolled steel sheet with the excellence abrasion resistance and workability and a method for producing the same are provided to obtain the excellent abrasion resistance and workability without using a high-cost alloy element by controlling the alloy component and the production condition. CONSTITUTION: A low alloy hot rolled steel sheet with the excellence abrasion resistance and workability includes 0.3 to 0.5 wt% of C, 0.5 to 2.0 wt% of Mn, 0.05 to 0.5 wt% of Si, 0.02 % or less of P, 0.01 wt% or less of S, and the remaining Fe and unavoidable impurities. A micro-structure includes a ferrite in which the average size of a pearlite and grain particle is 5 μm or less. The steel plate includes one selected from a group consisting of 0.2% or less of V (excluding 0), 0.2% or less of Nb (excluding 0), 0.2% or less of Ti (excluding 0), and 0.2% or less of Cr (excluding 0). [Reference numerals] (AA) Force gauge; (BB) Compressed air pump; (CC) Pressure by air


Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a persistent disorder of movement and posture caused by non-progressive pathological processes of the immature brain. This is the natural history of the gait disorder in children with more severe diplegia and in the majority of children with spastic quadriplegia. One of the most common movement abnormalities among children with cerebral palsy is a crouched gait. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is the application of electrical current transcutaneously to innervated, superficial muscle to stimulate muscle fibers, augment muscle contraction, increase range of motion (ROM), and increase sensory awareness. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of NMES on Gluteus maximus and Quadriceps strength in cerebral palsy children with crouch gait, and the subsequent effect on their gross motor function.
Methods: Total 40 children (13 females, 27 males, age group 5 years to 11 years) were recruited for study from the paediatric section of physiotherapy department of Swami Vivekanand National Institute of Rehabilitation Training and Research according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly allotted in 2 groups. All were randomly assigned to either the stimulation (group 1) or control group (group 2). The stimulation group received neuromuscular electrical stimulation to gluteus maximus and quadriceps muscles for 15 minutes each, 5 days/week for a period of 6 weeks.
Results: Both the groups showed significant improvement in strength of gluteus maximus and quadriceps of CP children with crouch gait, but experimental group showed significantly more improvement as compared to control group. There was also statistically significant difference in dimension D and E (standing and walking) of the gross motor function measure between the experimental group and control group.
Conclusion: This study has shown that neuromuscular electrical stimulation in addition to conventional exercise is found to be effective in improving strength and function than conventional exercise alone.


Earth is deficient in carbon and nitrogen by up to ∼4 orders of magnitude compared with the Sun. Destruction of (carbon- and nitrogen-rich) refractory organics in the high-temperature planet-forming regions could explain this deficiency. Assuming a refractory cometary composition for these grains, their destruction enhances nitrogen-containing, oxygen-poor molecules in the hot gas (≳300 K) after the initial formation and sublimation of these molecules from oxygen-rich ices in the warm gas (∼150 K). Using observations of 37 high-mass protostars with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, we find that oxygen-containing molecules (CH3OH and HNCO) systematically show no enhancement in their hot component. In contrast, nitrogen-containing, oxygen-poor molecules (CH3CN and C2H3CN) systematically show an enhancement of a factor ∼5 in their hot component, pointing to additional production of these molecules in the hot gas. Assuming only thermal excitation conditions, we interpret these results as a signature of destruction of refractory organics, consistent with the cometary composition. This destruction implies a higher C/O and N/O in the hot gas than the warm gas, while the exact values of these ratios depend on the fraction of grains that are effectively destroyed. This fraction can be found by future chemical models that constrain C/O and N/O from the abundances of minor carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen carriers presented here.


Neo-pragmatism focuses on communication as a democratic form of life. It therefore creates new visions for the relationship between democracy and education. Models for deliberative democracy inspired by neo-pragmatism are explicitly based on the need for education of citizens in deliberative capabilities and attitudes. The idea of deliberative democracy as an educational process is one where individuals bring different perspectives to on-going communication, which is here presented as an important way to interpret John Dewey, specifically his Democracy and Education. This approach to reading his work is compared initially with other and earlier ways of reading his work, i.e., the educational philosophies and movements of progressivism and reconstructionism.


Experiments are performed to provide an insight into the heat transfer aspects of a wavy liquid film. Local film thickness and liquid temperature are measured simultaneously using a thermal conductance thickness probe and fast response thermocouples as the wavy film falls over an electrically heated wall. Liquid temperature at a fixed distance from the wall generally increases in the thin substrate portion of the film and decreases within the large waves. Temperature shows complex excursions within the large waves due to turbulent eddies and to the relative liquid motion between the large wave and the surrounding substrate. The measurements are examined with the aid of statistical tools to investigate the relationship between film thickness and liquid temperature at various film Reynolds numbers and heat fluxes. The correlation between the two variables is stronger at higher heat fluxes compared to lower fluxes. A crossspectrum analysis shows a distinct band of dominant frequencies in the relationship between the two variables.


Forecasting the housing price trend plays an important role in making scientific real estate and macroeconomic policies,while constructing scientific and reasonable early-warning index system is the foundation of forecasting the trend of housing prices and early warning.The authors divided the indexes affecting housing prices into three types,which are leading indicators,coincident indicators and lagging indicators,using the time-difference correlation method,constructed early-warning index system of housing prices with six leading indicators,then gave weight to each indicator with the entropy weight method,lastly made the six leading indexes into the early-warning synthetic index of housing prices forecasting the trend of housing prices.The empirical result shows that,the earlywarning synthetic index of housing prices based on this way is capable of forecasting housing price trend in China,which has important reference value for government decision-making.


The chapter titled atelectasis and consolidation discusses these specific manifestations of lung cancer. Patients with lung cancer can present with postobstructive atelectasis and/or pneumonia secondary to centrally obstructive neoplasms. Typical central primary lung cancers are squamous cell and small cell carcinomas. Atelectasis may be sublobar, lobar or may involve the entire lung. Lobar atelectasis may exhibit the S-sign of Golden or the luftsichel sign, which suggest underlying malignancy and require further evaluation with chest CT or bronchoscopy. Central lung cancers may also manifest with postobstructive lipoid pneumonia, typically without active infection. In addition, some adenocarcinomas may manifest with imaging features of consolidation due to replacement of alveolar airspaces by tumor. Therefore, consolidations in adults should be followed to complete radiographic resolution to exclude underlying malignancy.


Nanostructured CuCo2S4, a mixed metal thiospinel, is found to be a benchmark electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in this study with a low overpotential, a low Tafel slope, a high durability, and a high turnover frequency (TOF) at lower mass loadings. Nanosheets of CuCo2S4 are realized from a hydrothermal synthesis method in which the average thickness of the sheets is found to be in the range of 8–15 nm. Aggregated nanosheets form a highly open hierarchical structure. When used as an electrocatalyst, CuCo2S4 nanosheets offer an overpotential value of 310 mV at a 10 mA cm–2 current density, which remains consistent for 10000 measured cycles in a 1 M KOH electrolyte. A chronoamperometric study reveals constant oxygen evolution for 12 h at a 10 mV s–1 scan rate without any degradation of the activity. Furthermore, the calculated mass activity of the CuCo2S4 electrocatalyst is found to be 14.29 A/g and to afford a TOF value of 0.1431 s–1 at 310 mV at a mass loading of 0.7 mg cm–2. For comparis...


Consideration of the eventual forced outage of individual power stations leads to a large number of possible states of the power generating system, all with their own probability. It is possible to design a stochastic method to properly take into account all of these possibilities and to weigh them accordingly. In broader energy models, instead of these stochastic techniques that require a considerable amount of calculation time, mostly approximative static simplified methods are applied.


The invention relates to a continuous sodium silicate pressurized dissolving method which comprises the following specific steps: (1) shattering sodium silicate in a molten state by quenching in a quenching bin when meeting water so as to form particles with the particle size of less than 1.5cm, continuously feeding sodium silicate particles into a dissolution kettle by virtue of a star-like rotary valve; (2) continuously pumping the water in the quenching bin into the dissolution kettle by virtue of a pump, and introducing steam into the kettle by virtue of a steam pipe of the dissolution kettle, wherein the sodium silicate particles are fully contacted with hot water in the kettle under the stirring effect in the kettle; and (3) fully dissolving the sodium silicate particles, delivering the particles into a re-dissolution kettle by virtue of a slurry pump, rapidly dissolving the sodium silicate particles in the re-dissolution kettle, and extracting the sodium silicate to be delivered into a liquid sodium silicate storage tank. The problems such as energy waste, intermittent operation, high labor intensity, high investment cost and the like existing in the conventional sodium silicate dissolving process are solved.


Hypocalcemia is common in the critically ill pediatric patients. However, the diagnosis of hypocalcemia in this population is complicated by interpretation of the total plasma calcium concentration. These limitations are principally the result of the effects of hypoalbuminemia and disorders of acid-base balance on the total calcium concentration. Thus, measurement of ionized calcium can be critical in determining an individual's true serum calcium status. In this review, we first described the regulation of normal calcium metabolism and then focus on the various etiologies of hypocalcemia, which are encountered in the pediatric critical care settings. The approach to the treatment of hypocalcemia and the current consensus on treatment of hypocalcemia in the critically ill pediatric patient is also presented.


Deng Liqun, or Little Deng (Xiaodeng) as he was called to distinguish him from Deng Xiaoping, or Old Deng (Lao Deng), was a leading ideological watchdog from the late 1970s. He honed his political skills as a disciple of Chen Boda, a leading Party "ghostwriter" and ideological hack, during the Yan'an purges of the early 1940s. By the early 1990s, Little Deng played the role of token Maoist in the central government, and in recent years one of his concerns has been concocting official histories of the People's Republic. In 1994, he was involved in the founding and publication of the journal Research into Contemporary Chinese History (Dangdai Zhongguoshi yanjiu). Deng's is the voice of ideological rectitude and stability. His comically stilted language has a certain nostalgic charm for those familiar with the heyday of the wooden language of Chinese communism. This interview first appeared in Zhongliu, a magazine established by ideological revanchists after the 1989 purge.


The former communist societies of Eastern Central Europe (e.g. Poland) repeatedly experience barriers and blockades on the road toward an open, democratic, market society of the Western type. The author claims that most of the problems are due to the deficiency of cultural resources, the central of which is trust. A theory of trust is proposed, informed by the author's earlier work on `social becoming'. The `culture of distrust' is found to pervade Polish society at all levels of social life. Part of that syndrome derives from the legacy of real socialism, but more attention should be focused on current conditions: the new `risk environments', widespread anomie, inefficiency of political elites, and an enhanced feeling of relative deprivation after revolutionary elation and unrealistic hopes. To restore trust, an indispensable component of robust social tissue, the consistency of reforms must be safeguarded, the rule of law meticulously observed, integration with Western democracies speeded up and trust itself turned into a recognized social value.


lines and e. m , f. of a ceramic ring under polarization9 . These analyses are , however, based on a linearized assumption of D −・E relation in the ceramic and the effect of adjacent electro − des is neglected . The present paper reports about a finite element approach for nonlinear problems, We have at first derived the expressions necessary for FEM in the n 。nlinear electrostatic field problems, secondly devised a method to reduce the instability that might cur in Newton −Raphson procedure , and finally obtained the following results after iterative


News recommendation aims to alleviate the big explosion of news information and helps users find their interesting news. Existing news recommendation models model users' historical click news as users' interests. Although they have achieved acceptable recommendation accuracy, they suffer from severe data sparse problems because of the limited news clicked by users. Further, the user's historical click sequence information has different effects on the user's interest, and simply combining them can not reflect this difference. Therefore, we propose an attention-based graph neural network news recommendation model. In our model, muti-channel convolutional neural network is used to generate news representations, and recurrent neural network is used to extract the news sequence information that users clicked on. Users, news, and topics are modeled as three types of nodes in a heterogeneous graph, and their relationships are modeled as edges. Graph neural network is used to effectively extract the structural information from heterogeneous graph, and helps to solve the problem of sparse data. Taking into account the different effects of different information on recommendation results, we use the attention mechanism to fuse this information distinctively. Extensive experiments conducted on the real online news datasets show that our model is superior to advanced deep learning-based recommendation methods.


Background Of 87 consecutive patients with cystic librosis treated with 859 courses of intravenous ceftazidime, 15 patients experienced reactions to drugs.


The fatal collision occurred just before midnight on Sunday 18 May 2014, on the A6055 Ferrensby to Knaresborough road, close to the entrance road to ...


Abstract The comet assay technique has been considered to be more efficient in the biomonitoring of aquatic environments that the micronucleus and sister chromatid exchange techniques. The comet assay has been used to determine breaks in the DNA strands of organisms exposed to pollutants with a genotoxic potential. The comet technique was applied to CHO-K1 cells in order to evaluate the genotoxic potential of the waters of the Sapucaizinho River (Municipality of Patrocínio Paulista, State of São Paulo, Brazil), which receive tannery effluents and therefore are contaminated with chromium. The results indicated high genotoxicity of the waters collected at sites located downstream from the emission of tannery effluents, where the concentration of chromium was found to be high.


The most challenging role that women in the ITES industry play is not just related to work but more about balancing the natural responsibilities of home and family with that of work. This trait, it is believed makes women effective multi-taskers in society.


Obnoxious (undesirable) location models is a class of location problems in which customers no longer consider the facility desirable, but instead avoid the facility and stay away from it. In these problems the objective is to maximize the distance between the facility and a set of input points. Such facilities include chemical plants, garbage disposal sites, nuclear power stations, plants for treatment of residual waters, airports, etc. In this research, we will concentrate on solving uncapacitated discrete obnoxious facility location problems by using Simulated Annealing (SA). SA is distinguished to allow hill-climbing moves to help the local search escape from local minimum which has the flexibility of accepting non-improving moves with a certain probability. Tabu Search procedure is used in the SA algorithm in order to avoid taking the same point as the location of obnoxious facilities. SA implementation on the 50-fixed point problems taken from Eilon et al. (1971) is done by using Excel 2003.


It has become increasingly difficult to predict the future of marketing education. The 1990s have seen a restructuring of marketing education based on declining enrollment and the availability of new information technology. With legislators and higher university administration anxious to provide a new direction for professors, it has become increasingly important to answer the challenges of changes in our environment. Faculty will compete in a worldwide competitive educational system that will rely less on traditional classrooms and more on knowledge and instruction that can be transported through cyberspace. These changes will require that marketing faculty engage in self-development and other activities to keep pace with these new developments.


In Korea, there is growing trend of the foreign population and the foreign illegal immigrants. The characteristic of the foreigner crime is...


The paper describes very efficient method for processing lungs images for detection of abnormality in images. The result of image shows the portion containing abnormality. The process combines various methods for image enhancement including histogram equalization, gabor and fast fourier transform for improving quality of image to optimize the result of segmentation to best configuration. The process further combines morphological functions including tophat, bottomhat and watershed segmentation to effectively separate the region of interest to detect abnormality in image. Finally the portion marked by segmentation is extracted using masking and binary thresholding to obtain the abnormal features from images.


Abstract The aim of this research is to develop a quantitative approach for supplier selection under a disaster environment. Because conflicting criteria co-exist in the industrial scenario it is difficult to satisfy all selection criteria simultaneously when designing supplier selection. The present work incorporates an analytical framework for supply chain design, which may help the decision makers to select a suitable supplier under a disruption scenario. In the four tier process, presented here, the supplier's weights are initially determined using the TOPSIS and AHP methodology for general selection criteria. A cut-off value for the supplier weight is assigned and the suppliers which are above this cut-off value are selected for the primary selection process. Using AHP-QFD methodology the manufacturer's critical criteria and resiliency criteria are integrated into the selection process, to determine the subjective factor measures (SFM) for each of the primary selected suppliers. Different cost factors are unified using a normalizing technique to determine the objective factor measure (OFM) for each of the suppliers. Finally, a supplier selection index is calculated in which the decision maker's attitude plays an important role.


The central question in this survey is to investigate the theory and methodology of creation and simulation strategic scenarios of water in basin. This theory is based on three elements of linear algebra: matrices, graph and games theory. The integration was used by methods of structural, of social actors and morphological analysis for planning and water management. To facilitate the understanding, the simulation brought important contributions through three software: MICMAC (matrix of impact Cross - multiplication applied to the classification), MACTOR (actors, objectives and ratios) and MORPHOL (morphological matrix). The field of study is the river basin Ararandeua, characterized by predominantly practice deforestation in the Amazon, with high incidence of conflicts by use of water. The work demonstrates the need for water use planning should consider the dynamic social, economic and environmental territory on the vision of sustainable development. From the field work carried out under the search could create and simulate scenarios river basin Ararandeua. Between scenarios created are two alternative for management of water resources: the scenario sustainable and scenario trend of exploitation of natural resources.


Wanti Lestari .Correlation Working Capital Turnover With Rentabilitas
Economic in Manufactury Company go public in 2011. Skripsi. Jakarta :
Concentration in Accounting Education, Department of Economics and
Administration, Faculty of Economic, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, 2013.

The purpose of this research is to get valid and reliable data about the
maintenance working capital turnover with profitability.

The method used in this research is a case study with a correlational approach.
The population affordable in this study are all manufacturing companies that
have gone public in 2011 as many as 83 companies. Of the total population of the
affordable used tables Issac and Michael with an error rate of 5% to determine
the number of samples that will be used as many as 65 companies. The sampling
using simple random sampling technique.

Regression equation in this research is Ŷ= 5,79 + 0,29X. From this equation test
requirements analysis conducted by the normality test error estimate the
regression of Y on X obtained by Liliefors Lhitung<Ltabel (0,0744<0,1099). It
mean the data are normally distributed. On the meaningful of regressions test we
got the result Fhitung (3,56) < Ftabel (4,00) which can be conclude that the
regression model is not means. As for the linierity test obtained Fhitung (1,58) <
Ftabel (3,32) indicating that the regression equation is linear. The test results by
using a correlation coefficient of Pearson product moment values obtained


Score‐P is a measurement infrastructure originally designed for the analysis and optimization of the performance of HPC codes. Recent extensions of Score‐P and its associated tools now also allow the investigation of energy‐related properties and support the user in the implementation of corresponding improvements. Since it would be counterproductive to completely ignore performance issues in this connection, the focus should not be laid exclusively on energy. We therefore aim to optimize software with respect to an objective function that takes into account energy and run time. (© 2016 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In the interests of clarification, I should like to point out chat Braun and Haven ( 1962), in reporting a significant difference in AM/M over different vaIues of M, present evidence bearing upon only one of the two criteria which I suggest (1760) for the existence of a Weber Fraction Analogue (WFA) in social perception. These two criteria were stated as: "(a) The difference in magnitudes, AM, between standard and comparison groups perceived as a difference should be some proportion of the magnitude, MI of the standard group, which remains fairly [italics added] invariant over various sizes of M. (b) Ss should demonstrate self-consistency in their individual judgments of differences or AM/M over various values of MJ1 (p. 233). With regard to my first criterion and Braun and Haven's data, I do not believe that a significant difference necessarily negates the existence of WFAs in social perception since one might well expect deviations in the magnitude of the proportion at extreme values as is commonly found in sensory psychophysics (Woodworth & Schlosberg, 1956). The question, as I see it, is whether the values of AM/M are fairly invariant, and from the data plotted in my Fig. 1 (p. 237), I see no cause for concern on this count. Braun and Haven present no data relevant to my second criterion but I might point out that in my research the odd-even correlations for the three groups studied were 36, .87, and .78, suggesting a high degree of self-consistency for AM/M.


Minor dermatologic surgery procedures performed on pediatric patients pose significant challenges not apparent in adult patients. Most pediatric patients are frightened when they enter the doctor's office, especially if they are expecting a painful procedure. Studies have shown that it is imperative to provide a workflow that is tailored to the child's needs, such as providing a comfortable ambiance and having an understanding of child development appropriate for a particular age group (1,2). The power of the child's mind is remarkable; therefore, it is advantageous to integrate distraction techniques while performing a painful procedure. These techniques are beneficial for dermatologists in order to perform minor surgical procedures on children more efficiently. We report a method of distraction anesthesia unique to pediatric patients. We feel our guidelines for distraction anesthesia can minimize pain and psychologic trauma, decrease the time of the average pediatric procedure by avoiding unnecessary steps such as bargaining or using further restraints, lower medical costs, and ultimately circumvent risky side effects by evading general anesthesia. These simple surgical pearls will provide effective perioperative pain therapy for minor, out-patient surgical dermatologic procedures on children.


The7A52 aluminum alloy of the 30mm thickness was welded by the friction stir welding. The structure and the mechanical property of the welded joint was researched by the optical microscope and SEM, etc. The results showed: the hardness distribution along the cross section weld zone is W shape, TMAZ/HAZ transition zone of the weld joint is the softening zone , The min micro-hardness occurs on the TMAZ/HAZ transition zone of the advancing side. The tensile strength of the weld is 85.8% of the base mental, and it fractured in the TMAZ/HAZ transition zone, and the fracture morphology is dimple morphology.


The invention discloses a manufacturing process for a chinlon filament high-strength wear-resistant fabric having a strong cotton touch feeling. The chinlon filament high-strength wear-resistant fabric having a strong cotton touch feeling is manufactured through steps of yarn selecting, sectional warping, sizing, re-beaming, weaving, desizing and washing, dyeing, centralizing, water-sprinkling and setting, calendaring, plastic dropping and the like. According to the invention, throwing, weaving, dyeing and finishing steps are designed in the manufacturing process for the chinlon filament high-strength wear-resistant fabric having a strong cotton touch feeling, so that a problem that a pure cotton fabric is lack of wear resistance is solved, the cotton touch feeling is remained to the largest extent, and therefore the fabric has a good touch feeling, is soft in texture and is high in wearability. The fabric having a strong cotton touch feeling and manufactured through the process can undergo more than 100000 times of wear-resistant tests carried out based on a Martindale method mentioned in the GB/T21196.2-2007(9KPA).


A study was undertaken to determine the nursery schools role in the transmission of sex role expectations. Analysis was made both of the schools policy on sex roles and the children's perceptions of them. It was found that though the particular school observed was vert committed to minimizing this type of socialization, a considerable amount nonetheless took place. In terms of the children themselves, it was noted that most of them had no fixed notions of appropriate behavior for males and females; the fact of sex categories rather was occasionally used by them as an attempted ideology of control. A minority of the children however did show interesting patterns of traditional sex-typed behavior. The paper concludes by pointing out the necessity of observing a wider range of pre-schools to fully understand the specific role played by such institutions in sex role socialization. A problem within the field of socialization that has recently been raised with new urgency is that of sex roles. This renewed attention is coming about in large part as a result of issues currently being raised in the women's' movement; a central theme of the analysis emanating from this movement is that American society demands the socialization of both men and women into fixed sex roles, at great cost to the individual needs of members ,of both sexes.' This


The study is to assess the relationships among the foreign exchange market, money market, and stock market in Ghana extending from January 2000 to March 2015, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag framework and error correction methodology. The results indicate that there is a long-run relationship among exchange rates, interest rates, stock prices, and inflation. The foreign exchange market has a statistically significant positive long-run effect on inflation in Ghana. Interest rates and stock prices were statistically insignificant. The error correction term indicates that deviations from the long-run equilibrium relationship are corrected. According to the impulse response functions, inflation responds to its own shocks and shocks from nominal exchange rates, while the rest of the shock-response patterns not statistically significant. Also, none of the variables has significant influence on exchange rates except consumer price index that is slightly significant. The findings suggest that the exchange rate variable is determined exogenously.


The present invention relates to a slider of a linear guide device for guiding a movable body such as a work table or an industrial robot or the like of a machine tool under load which moves along a track rail arranged at a fixed portion such as a bed, or a column. The block main body is made of a metal which becomes a core part of the slider in a predetermined shape and forming load rolling faces of balls on the block main body by machine. The block main body is inserted into a mold and injection molding of a synthetic resin is performed by which ball retaining portions are built on both sides of the load rolling faces of block main body. Pairs of smooth faces for shielding the molten synthetic resin are formed along the both edges in the longitudinal direction of the load rolling faces formed on block main body whereas the block main body is fixed at a predetermined position in the mold by bringing a projected support portion on the side of the mold into contact with the smooth faces for shielding the molten synthetic resin.


Coherence phenomena such as photon echoes, free induction, and nutation effects are easily detected in molecular iodine using a frequency-switched tunable cw dye laser. This technique is generally applicable to atoms, molecules, and solids and offers unique ways for probing dynamic interactions in a selective manner. Elastic and inelastic collision mechanisms for ${\mathrm{I}}_{2}$ are examined independently and compared with theory.


In recent years,land use / cover change(LUCC) has become one of the eight key fields of the global environmental change,which has been affected by both natural factors and socio-economic factors.Land use,land change and driving forces have been discussed in many papers.With the rapid development of urbanization,the land use in typical farming district of suburbs changes constantly.The land use change and the driving forces in Gaoping District of Nanchong City were explored with GIS and mathematical model based on the spatial data of land use,the land use maps,and the details of land investigation from 1985 to 2004.The transformed area is 12 050 hm~2,occupying 14.84 percent of the total during the past 20 years in Gaoping,which mainly includes the increasing area transformed from the garden land(131.11),the roadway land(33.75%),the urban and industry land(92.72%),and the decreasing area transformed from the unused land (15.67%) and the cultivated land(6.97%).The spatial pattern of land use in Gaoping has changed greatly;the amount of land use patches increased by 2921,but the average area per patch the decreased.The water area decreased by 48.38%,the urban and industry land area decreased by 57.23%,the unused land area decreased by 42.22%,the woodland area decreased by 41.86%,the cultivated land area decreased by 30.07%,and the area of other two increased by 15.36% and 11.46%,respectively.The diversity and the fragmentation of land use increased by 4.499% and 37.234%,respectively;but the dominant patches decreased by 1.417%.Except for the garden land and the roadway land,the others increased,especially the water area increased by 50.63% and the unused land by 41.37%.The center of the cultivated land moved away from the urban area and the main roads.For example,in the central and southern area,the center of the cultivated land shifted from the main urban area to southeast and southwest by 2.465km and 1.759km,respectively.The center of the garden land moved to the urban area and the main roads,especially in the central area,the center moved by 3.448km.The water area center was away from Jialing River and where the reservoirs were gathered.The urban and industry land center went east.The centers of the roadway land and the unused land changed towards different direction,but the movements were not obvious.It is clear that the rapid growth of population and economic development become the main driving forces of the land use changes in this area,and the relevant policy changes also play an important role.


The governor of Vermont, wishing to implement systemic health care reform to solve the intertwined problems of high and escalating health care costs and access to care for the swelling ranks of the uninsured, is turning toward a single-payer system.


This article is a study which under the name "Sonorous Art" gathers the different practices of contemporary art in the last decades. All have in common the use of sonorous language. Examples related to this practice are set out in contrast to the different definitions that have been made of the term, and those authors who defend a lack of definition are quoted also. The different types of practices that fall within this term are also mentioned. It also questions whether this category can only be framed in visual arts or in music too. The article later deals with the background of sonorous art in the historical vanguards through the use of noise by: the futurist Luigi Russolo, the dadaist Marcel Duchamp and the Spanish writer Ramon Gomez de la Serna, in addition to the contributions of other avant-garde artists of the so-called "visual music". Later, two main lines of sonorous art practice are studied, firstly materialized in the so-called sound sculpture that proposed a dialogue shape-sound, by means of the object and the absence of the interpreter (in a musical sense) in order to have the receiver become creator. In second place, the sound installation that develops a connection between sound-space-time-listener, as appear in various works ranging from the importance of space to the context in an active dialogue with the listener. Finally, it presents other extensions of Sonorous Art, which now opens other expression possibilities for sonorous language in other fields of creativeness.


Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is an uncommon fi nding in patients undergoing a coronary angiography, with an incidence of less than 5% [1]. CAA is defi ned as coronary dilation of more than 1,5 times the adjacent vessel diameter.


Ever since the introduction of Internet technologies to travel and tourism in the early 1990s, the rate of technology diffusion to the industry has been overwhelming. This effect, coupled with the competitive environment in the present global marketplace, has induced unprecedented challenges to the management of tourism-related businesses in various forms of ownership and operation. Inevitably, these challenges have led to the emergence of new business knowledge and management concepts that serve as the driving force for most tourism businesses to undergo restructuring on different scales in order to remain competitive. In other words, information technologies in general, and the Internet in particular, have created a new business environment that needs new strategies to replace old strategies. Still, the process of utilizing the power of the Internet for marketing and promotion remains mystical to many tourism practitioners. The timely introduction of the book Everything You Need to Know about Internet Marketing would surely benefit tourism managers as well as other interested readers to understand better different strategies and practices on the topic. Written by six authors who have experience in the industry and/or technical knowledge, the book (it can also be considered as a report) comprises a 50-page executive brief and nine interrelated chapters. In general, the book covers major topics on Internet marketing, such as its historical background and potential, as well as different elements that help a business attract customers. The book also has a list of acronyms and a glossary for readers to become familiar with the commonly used terms. According to the authors, the book is an essential text for readers to know a diverse range of topics on Internet marketing. In addition, the book aims to assist businesses at different scales to develop a sensible Internet marketing plan. To this reviewer, the content of this book is not simply a list of contents, but a summary of the essence of the text. As an introduction to the following chapters included in the book, the executive brief is an outline of key points of the Internet and their role in business success. Readers would be interested in the statistical data for different groups of users on Internet use, online activities and online spending categories. These data show the promising business market of the Internet, thus being online is a critical factor for success. Also included in the executive brief are the comparisons between old and new marketing approaches, technological Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, Vol. 17, No. 4, August 2012


A marine seismic source is described which produces a continuous low‐frequency (10–100 Hz) harmonic signal. High acoustic power levels (∼20 kW) are reached by using a resonant system. The seismic source has been successfully tested in lake and ocean environments. Geophysical applications are discussed and modifications are described which would allow the source to be operated in a swept‐frequency mode.


Abstract Nine 2-(9H-carbazol-1-yl)anilines with rings fused at the 3,4-position were acylated at the amino group with chloroacetyl, 3-chloropropanoyl, or 4-chlorobutyryl chloride, at yields of 85–99%. The resulting ω-chloroamides were exposed to potassium tert-butoxide in THF. All nine acetamides annulated exclusively at the carbazole N atom, giving benzodiazocinocarbazoles at 76–91% overall yield. The only propanamide prepared underwent α,β-elimination, giving the corresponding acrylamide at 70% overall yield. All nine butanamides annulated exclusively at the amide nitrogen, giving pyrrolidin-2-ones at 70–94% overall yield. Additionally, the 1-indanone derived carbazolylaniline followed the same annulation pattern, but the benzylic methylene group was oxidized, giving the corresponding fluorenones. The cyclohexanone-derived carbazolylaniline was also converted into a maleimide, which participated in a Diels-Alder reaction with cyclopentadiene. Attempts to replace the amino group in the starting material via diazotization were unsuccessful. Instead, a Widman-Stoermer reaction was observed, in which the diazonium group attacked the carbazole 2-position, giving the corresponding cinnoline. Graphical Abstract


Scope of the study is the calcification behavior of medical grade polyurethanes for cardiovascular devices. Within these applications, implant material calcification is a serious complication. The calcification behavior of these materials is investigated with a dynamic in vitro testing method for evaluating the influence of dynamic mechanical strain and parameters of the solubility of calcium salts.


In the modern age, information and communication technology has influenced all aspects of human life including education .Teacher education has been also influenced by the ICT. ICT is a powerful tool for problem solving, conceptual development and critical thinking that helps to make the learning process much easier for the trainee teacher. Das (2007) remarked that information and communication technology is an important instrument, which can transfer the present isolated, teacher-centred, book-centred learning environment into a rich student-centred environment. Actually the teaching-learning process has been transformed revolutionary with the growing application of ICT and thus the traditional teaching – learning system has been changed into modern ICT based teaching learning system. Substantiating these trends, today's teaching-learning is being conducted through e-learning, mobile-learning, web-based learning, multi-media learning, etc. In this context the present paper focuses on the role of ICT based approaches in teacher education programme. This paper tries to highlight the integration of ICT in teacher education programme and its importance for the professional development of the teachers.


This paper presents and discusses data from three of the qualitative questions in the international COVID-19 survey: What was the most important aspect of spiritual care that was lost during the pandemic? What was new to you during this pandemic? What are the new ways of delivering spiritual care you have experienced? Of these new experiences, what do you think was the most effective?


charged by cells without help from humoral factors, cells do serve, as functional entities, in the mediation and expression of an important mechanism of acquired resistance. They assume particular importance whenever the host is confronted by parasites that can survive and replicate in cells. This circumstance calls into play a mechanism of defense in which a specifically committed lymphocyte serves as the immunologic go-between that enables mononuclear phagocytes to perform their microbicidal function.


Document classification tasks can be divided into two sorts: supervised document classification and unsupervised document classification. Supervised learning algorithm always has a better performance than unsupervised learning. However, it is very difficult to assign enough teacher signal. In this study, we developed a customer intention aware system for document analysis. The system starts from an unlabeled document set, give out several cluster results. The user could fine tune the classifier by modifying some key documents' labels. After several circles of learning and feedback, the system will finally understand the users intention and generates a suitable expert system. This is a kind of semi-supervised learning. For clustering, we use weighted comparative advantage (WCA) algorithm for clustering and supervised WCA for classification algorithm, respectively.


The presence or absence of methylation at carbon 5 in the cytosine base (5-meC) of the CpG dinucleotide motif is a key epigenetic regulator of cellular and developmental processes in higher eukaryotes. Large scale NGS analysis of changes in DNA methylation patterns associated with cancer and other pathologies has led to the discovery of many genomic regions and specific loci where CpG methylation influences the cell physiology. These discoveries can be expanded and extended by analyzing discrete methylation state changes in the large number of archived samples. However, retrospective studies using the rich resource of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples are hampered by the degraded nature of DNA extracted from these samples. Here we present a workflow for DNA methylation analysis method that is compatible with FFPE tissues. We demonstrate the use of a method for bisulfite sequencing, termed the MethylSeq Direct workflow, using the PCR and sequencing reagents of the Applied Biosystems™ BigDye™ Direct Cycle Sequencing Kit to determine the methylation status in the p16 and MGMT gene promoters as examples. FFPE extracted DNA is bisulfite modified using the Thermo Scientific™ EpiJET™ Bisulfite Conversion Kit. PCR primers specific for bisulfite converted sequences are designed using Applied Biosystems™ Methyl Primer Express™ Software. PCR using these M13-tagged primers is then used to amplify the locus of interest. The amplicon is sequenced using BigDye Direct Sequencing Master Mix and purified using the Applied Biosystems™ BigDye XTerminator™ Purification Kit. The sequencing reaction can be analyzed on the Applied Biosystems™ SeqStudio™ Genetic Analyzer, 3500 Genetic Analyzer, or other Applied Biosystems™ CE instrument. The entire workflow for bisulfite conversion, PCR amplification, and DNA sequencing, takes about 7 hours, including about an hour of hands-on time enabling the use of archived FFPE samples for retrospective studies.


This research focuses on Ostrowski type inequality in the form of classical Mercer inequality via

 ψ

 -Riemann–Liouville fractional integral (F-I) operators. Using the

 ψ

 -Riemann–Liouville F-I operator, we first develop and demonstrate a new generalized lemma for differentiable functions. Based on this lemma, we derive some fractional Mercer–Ostrowski type inequalities by using the convexity theory. These new findings extend and recapture previous published results. Finally, we presented applications of our work via the known special functions of real numbers such as q-digamma functions and Bessel function.


Late in the season, the cotton plant ceases initiation of new branches, severely reduces fruit initiation on existing branches, and sheds many flower buds and small bolls. Plants exhibiting these characters are said to be cutout. The potential for additional harvestable bolls is restricted shortly before and after cutout. Management decisions to apply insecticides in late season should consider that many fruits will shed during plant cutout and that fruit already on the plants may not have sufficient growing conditions for maturation of fiber. One indication that plants are approaching cutout is white blooms on branches near the top of the plant. Use of the number of nodes between the uppermost white bloom and the first unexpanded mainstem leaf to assess cotton status and onset of cutout is described. The number of blooms retained (set) and the number of set blooms becoming harvestable bolls were summarized for intervals between average node counts. The interval between an average node count of four (rounded to nearest whole number) and the last bloom in a field had the lowest number of blooms, set blooms, and harvestable bolls than any other interval. The lint contribution to overall yield of harvestable bolls in the interval was estimated to be <1%. That percentage of yield would not return the cost of insecticide application(s) intended to protect blooms set during the interval between a node count of four and the last bloom in a field. Rather, late season insecticide applications should be made only to protect bolls set before an average node count of four. Use of node counts will help establish the timing of late season applications. Experience shows that a boll 16–18 days old is safe from attack by small and medium-sized Heliothis spp. larvae and safe from severe attack by boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, adults. With our proposed procedure, insecticide would be applied as needed during a 10-day period for control of established Heliothis spp. larvae and during a 16-day period as needed for control of boll weevil adults after the field averaged four nodes between uppermost white bloom and first unexpanded mainstem leaf. Use of the node count procedure would be a valuable addition to cotton pest management programs through more cost-effective use of insecticides late in the season without a major loss of yield.


The daggerfly, Tachypeza yinyang Papp & Földváry, 2002, originally described from Hungary is recorded for the first time in Croatia. Additional notes on its description and illustrations of habitus and male terminalia are provided.


To provide seamless real-time multimedia communications between Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) and the internet, we adopt the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) to handle terminal mobility. MANETs can be frequently disrupted, thus a P2P SIP is introduced over an overlay network on MANET, called Structured Mesh Overlay Network (SMON). To connect to the internet, we stretch SMON on MANET to include SMON on the internet and apply P2P SIP on top of this extended SMON, or SMON+. Handoff delays of our proposed scheme were compared with mobile-IP based network mobility approach, or MANEMO. It was found that the mid-call mobility handoff delay of P2P SIP on SMON+ were signicantly lower than that of MANEMO.


Nd_2O_3/TiO_2 photocatalysts were prepared by sol-gel method using neodymium nitrate and tetrabutyl titanate as precursors,and characterized by means of XRD and BET.After the doped with Nd_2O_3,the particle diameter of catalyst was decreased,the specific surface area was increased,the formation rate of hydroxyl radical on the catalyst was increased,and the catalytic activity was improved.Using methyl orange as the model compound of the photocatalytic degradation reaction,the activity of the prepared photocatalysts was investigated in suspension irradiated by high-pressure mercury lamp;and the hydroxyl radical produced in the supernatant of the irradiated catalyst suspension containing terephthalic acid were also investigated by measuring the fluorescence derived by the reaction with terephthalic acid.As a result,the addition of Nd_2O_3 to TiO_2 notably enhanced its photocatalytic activity.The adsorption constants of methyl orange on the Nd_2O_3 doped catalysts and the nonmodified TiO_2 catalyst were evaluated,and the result showed the adsorption of methyl orange on the Nd_2O_3/TiO_2 catalysts was improved.The optimum loading amount of Nd ion is 1.0%(molar ratio).


Advances in the use of virtual affective agents for therapeutic purposes in mental health opened a research avenue to improve the way patients interpret other's behavior as helpful instead of menacing. Here, the authors propose an original paradigm based on affective computing and virtual reality technologies requiring the assessment of helping intentions as well as self-monitoring metacognition. Sixteen healthy subjects played a 38-turns card games with a virtual affective agent MARC during which they had to guess between two cards the one that would be color-matched with another card. Their guesses could be oriented by the agent's emotional displays. Three subjective ratings on a percentage analog scale were recorded after each trial: helpfulness, self-monitoring, and sympathy. Help recognition and self-monitoring metacognitive ratings raise the question of the importance to enhance both components in therapeutic situations within psychiatric populations. Overall, this study exemplifies the promising use of virtual reality settings for future studies in the medical psychology field.


The hyperfine coupling constants obtained from the microwave spectrum of chlorine dioxide are discussed in terms of the electronic structure of chlorine dioxide. It is found that these constants can be reasonably interpreted in terms of a simple molecular orbital model of chlorine dioxide in which the odd electron is in a b1 antibonding orbital.


The direct cause of the organization of the Durham City Central Labor Union was the award on July z3, 192.5, of a huge construction contract to the George A. Fuller Company of New York City, a firm which specifically hired only union labor. The contract was for the building of the Woman's Campus of the new Duke University. It has been reported that James B. Duke, the individual who donated the funds for the university, strongly advised the selection of the Fuller Company because he claimed that this particular construction company was best equipped to complete the enormous building program. Thus it can be said that "Buck" Duke, who is alleged to have fought labor unions, was indirectly responsible for the organization of a city central in Durham. But the central did not immediately appear with the letting of the contract. On the contrary, its organization materialized after, and not until, the building-trades unions were solidly entrenched; and these local unions appeared because of the policy of the Fuller Company. That is to say, the Fuller engineers transported their equipment to the Duke campus and advertised for union building tradesmen; but the quantity of union labor in Durham and the surrounding territory was negligible. Hence, in


Historically, the law has based the philosophical justification of granting intellectual property rights on a utilitarian methodology. This methodology embraces the idea 'that property rights are necessary as a means to an end – the end being human happiness.'(Becker, 1977) The granting of a patent bestows private property rights in the form of a monopoly for a specified period of time, in return for the disclosure of an invention that benefits society. The pursuit of an appropriate balance between the protection of intellectual property rights and maximum public access has proven to be a difficult objective to achieve. Possibly the most controversial and emotive subject area in patent law is in relation to trying to achieve this balance in the context of pharmaceutical products.

International patent law (through the TRIPS Agreement) endeavours to find a balance between facilitating incentive for future innovation and providing developing nations with access to life-saving pharmaceuticals. However, even with the advent of many new pharmaceutical products in recent times, about one third of the world's population does not have adequate access to essential medicines for diseases that are preventable or treatable with existing medicines. This presentation will consider the historical rationale behind patent rights to establish whether the exemptions available in the TRIPS Agreement provide the appropriate balance between the competing interests. The creation and evolution of these exemptions will be examined to reach a determination about how effective international patent law has been in promoting 'human happiness' for all.


List of maps Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction 1. The Ptolemaic kingdom Dorothy J. Thompson 2. The Seleucid kingdom M. A. R. Colledge 3. The Greek kingdoms in Bactria and India M. A. R. Colledge 4. Asia Minor Susan M. Sherwin-White 5. Macedonia, Greece and the Cyclades R. A. Tomlinson 6. Sicily and Magna Graecia J. C. Carter 7. Hellenistic warfare Peter Connolly 8. Hellenistic civilization Roger Ling Epilogue.


The planetary ephemerides play a crucial role for spacecraft navigation, mission planning, reductionand analysis of the most precise astronomical observations. The construction of suchephemerides is highly constrained by the tracking observations, in particular range, of the spaceprobes collected by the tracking stations on the Earth. The present planetary ephemerides (DE,INPOP, EPM) are mainly based on such observations. However, the data used by the planetaryephemerides are not the direct raw tracking data, but measurements deduced after the analysisof raw data made by the space agencies and the access to such processed measurements remainsdifficult in terms of availability.The goal of the thesis is to use archives of past and present space missions data independentlyfrom the space agencies, and to provide data analysis tools for the improvement of theplanetary ephemerides INPOP, as well as to use improved ephemerides to perform tests ofphysics such as general relativity, solar corona studies, etc.The first part of the study deals with the analysis of the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS)tracking data as an academic case for understanding. The CNES orbit determination softwareGINS was used for such analysis. The tracking observations containing one-, two-, and threewayDoppler and two-way range are then used to reconstruct MGS orbit precisely and obtainedresults are consistent with those published in the literature. As a supplementary exploitationof MGS, we derived the solar corona model and estimated the average electron density alongthe line of sight separately for slow and fast wind regions. Estimated electron densities arecomparable with the one found in the literature. Fitting the planetary ephemerides, includingadditional data which were corrected for the solar corona perturbations, noticeably improves theextrapolation capability of the planetary ephemerides and the estimation of the asteroid masses(Verma et al., 2013a).The second part of the thesis deals with the complete analysis of the MESSENGER trackingdata. This analysis improved the Mercury ephemeris up to two order of magnitude comparedto any latest ephemerides. Such high precision ephemeris, INPOP13a, is then used to performgeneral relativity tests of PPN-formalism.[...]


In the general concept of temperature-resistant antifriction coatings, greate attention is paid to the growing use of multifunctional films. Epilams are polymer compositions, studying organic chemistry, namely to compositions (liquids), which, when applied to a solid surface, form on it nanosize multifunctional molecular film of a certain way of oriented molecules of surface-active agents (surfactants, SAA), which significantly changes the surface energy of the base (substrate).


Abstract Amino acids are important to all animal life. Termites rely mainly on microorganisms to retrieve these nitrogen sources from their food. One naturally occurring amino acid, m-tyrosine, has been reported to be toxic to bacteria and weeds. Its direct effects on termite survival are unknown however. Both no-choice and choice bioassays using five different doses of m-tyrosine were conducted to determine the feeding response and survival of Formosan subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), in the laboratory. In no-choice tests, although all doses of m-tyrosine tested reduced filter paper consumption, only the highest dose tested (0.05 M) had significantly lower consumption compared with the control. This dose also caused significantly high termite mortality. In a five-choice bioassay, all doses of m-tyrosine tested reduced filter paper consumption significantly compared with the control. No mortality was observed in the choice tests, and very little feeding of filter paper treated with m-tyrosine occurred. From these experiments, we conclude that m-tyrosine is toxic to Formosan subterranean termites and acts as a feeding deterrent, and therefore, may be a promising wood preservative.


This note shows how some density functions for continuous probability distributions can be constructed in a transparent manner to help students appreciate their development.