Diatomite and glass fiber are used for modifying asphalt concrete in this paper. Besides, wet and dry processes are adopted to achieve the composite modified asphalt concrete. Meanwhile, experimental investigation has been done on its fatigue properties and dynamic mechanical property, it indicates that diatomite-glass fiber modified asphalt concrete has a better capacity to resist fatigue damage. Compared with matrix asphalt concrete, the modified asphalt concrete has higher fatigue life. Thus, its mechanical parameter of fatigue property changes obviously so as to provide a reference basis for the durability design of pavement materials.


When legislation was enacted in 1983 establishing prospective payment for hospitals, the incentives for hospitals changed dramatically. Cost-based payments for hospital days and services were replaced with a set payment per admission that was based on the patient's diagnosis-related group. The goal of the legislation was to encourage shorter lengths of stay and more efficient care, but policymakers were also concerned about possible increases in readmissions. Higher rates of readmissions, they thought, might be a consequence of the legislation either because patients might be prematurely discharged from the index hospitalization or because services might be "unbundled" by hospitals in an . . .


Summary form only given. The enhanced MR ratio of over 10% and good thermal stability are strongly required for spin valve (SV) used in a read head in order to realize ultrahigh magnetic recording density beyond 40 Gbit/in/sup 2/. Recently, very applicable SVs with a pinned layer containing a nano-oxide layer (NOL) were suggested as a new technology for the improvement of MR ratio, where NOL enhances specular electron scattering. Several oxidation methods for NOL have been studied on the NOL interface control and MR improvement. Of these, plasma oxidation and ion beam oxidation can be hard to control the formation rate of very thin NOL. Accordingly natural oxidation is a good way to control the formation rate because of low oxidation rate. However, we found that natural oxidation in pure O/sub 2/ atmosphere did have a good reproducibility in our experiments. In order to improve the reproducibility of uniform NOL, we have investigated the natural oxidation conditions by mixed gases (O/sub 2//N/sub 2/ and O/sub 2//Ar) for the NOL formation. The SV samples used have the structure of Ta(5 nm)/NiFe(2.5 nm)/IrMn(7 nm)/CoFe(2.5 nm)/NOL/CoFe(1.5 nm)/Cu(2.6 nm)/CoFe(1.5 nm)/NiFe(4.5 nm)/Ta(5 nm).


The main competitive advantages of Uzbekistan in the context of the implementation of the "soft power" policy are the ancient history, rich original culture and architecture. Uzbekistan has consistently strengthened its position as an authoritative center of Islamic culture and spirituality. Measures are being implemented to promote national and tourist branding, expand diaspora ties, and use traditional methods of holding cultural days, festivals, and other events in the country and abroad.


Nata de coco is a fermented product by Acetobacter xylium. The formation of nata requires a source of Carbon (C) and Nitrogen (N). The nitrogen used in the production such as Urea or Ammonium Sulfate (ZA) causes some people to feel reluctant to consume nata de coco. One of the natural protein sources that have high nitrogen content is Moringa Leaf (Moringa oleifera). The research aims to determine the appropriate concentration of Moringa leaf extract to obtain nata de coco with good physical properties and favored by consumers. The research method used was completely randomized design consisting of four replications and two treatments. The treatment consisted of concentration of Moringa leaf extract and Amonium Zulfat (ZA), which were concentrated as follows 2.5%, 5%, 7.5 % and 10%. Analysis was carried out on the yield, thickness, crude fiber, and organoleptic tests for the best treatment (color, aroma, taste and texture) from 20 semi-trained panelists. The results showed the treatment with 10% of Moringa leaves concentration and Amonium Zulfat (ZA) were the best treatment with yield of 85.11%, thickness 0.66 cm and crude fiber 17.26% and the organoleptic test score were 3-4 (neutral-like)


The numbers of mitoses in the epithelial and stromal tissues of mouse uteri were recorded after treatment with various doses of progesterone (P), levonorgestrel (LN), and STS 557 (17 alpha-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4,9(10)-diene-3-one). All three progestins induced mitotic activity in the stromal tissue of the endometrium in which P and LN were much more active than STS 557. While the cell divisions in the luminal and glandular epithelium induced by P were only rare, LN and STS 557 enhanced the mitosis rates in these tissues significantly at a daily dose of 1.0 mg/animal on 5 consecutive days. The results are discussed with special regard to the post-coital antifertility effect of STS 557.


Objective: To explore the safety profile of the proposed polyherbal formulation LQ 14 which is composed of various antimicrobial ingredients in rodents according to OECD (423) for acute oral toxicity study and OECD (407) for 28-days repeated dose toxicity study. Materials and methods: Acute toxicity studies and 28-days repeated dose toxicity were done on male Swiss slbino mice and Wistar albino rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups of five animals each (n=20). In acute toxicity study, three doses of the extract (2.5-10 ml/kg body weights) were administered to 3 groups of the animals respectively. All animals were observed for 24 hours and general symptoms of toxicity and mortality were recorded. In 28-days repeated dose toxicity study, wistar male rats were grouped by randomized design and assigned to three groups of 6 animals each (n=18). Two doses of the extract (2.5, 5 ml/kg body weight) were administered daily to 2 groups. The last group was control in both and received 10, 5 ml/kg body weight of deionized water. Route of administration was oral in all the groups of animals. Results: No treatment related toxicity was found in both acute and repeated dose toxicity studies. Conclusion: The absence of biologically significant differences in the toxicological endpoints supports the safety of LQ14 in the treatment of diarrhea.


The article examines the processes of modeling and programming of industrial robots. As the object of investigation, the robot sorter, built on the basis of programmable controller LEGO NXT.


This article introduced chemical composition and mechanical properties of X80 grade high strength pipeline steel,which produced by some steel maker in Russia,studied welding processes(including hot forming and cold crack trend),structure hardness,and impact toughness of welding joints.It pointed out that adopting X80 grade high strength pipeline steel to produce steel pipes for transporting gas is an effective method to save cost and increase benefit.The perfect welding process and appropriate cooling rate of welding joints adjacent to weld are key factors to ensure welding joints properties and good phase structure.


We simulate the resolution power of a simple spectrometer with exemplificative magnetic fields for the \pi tagging in the $\Lambda \ \rightarrow \ p \pi $ decay for fixed target type experiments.


Possibility theory is an alternative to probability theory as a basis for security management in settings where information resources are elements of national information infrastructure. Probability theory is founded on the assumption that one cannot totally rule out an intrusion. Possibility theory operates under a contrasting assumption. While persistent, well-supported, and highly professional intrusion attacks will have a higher probability of success, operating instead against the possibility of intrusion places defenders in a theoretical framework more suitable for high-stakes protection. The purpose of this chapter is to introduce this alternative quantitative approach to information security evaluation. It is suitable for information resources that are potential targets of intensive professional attacks. This approach operates from the recognition that information resource security is only an opinion of officials responsible for security. IDEA GROUP PUBLISHING This chapter appears in the book, Advanced Topics in Database Research, vol. 4 edited by Keng Siau © 2005, Idea Group Inc. 701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Suite 200, Hershey PA 17033-1240, USA Tel: 717/533-8845; Fax 717/533-8661; URL-http://www.idea-group.com ITB11293


With the upcoming patent expiry of its best selling drug, Lexapro® (escitalopram), on the horizon, Forest has paid US$100 M to Nycomed for US rights to the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) drug, Daxas® (roflumilast). In the same week, AstraZeneca acquired non-US rights to Forest's antibiotic, ceftaroline.


HE Pajaro and Salinas rivers form the principal tributaries to Monterey Bay, along the coast of central California. The fish fauna of the Monterey basin has been treated in detail by Snyder (1913), who has shown that the strictly fluvial fishes are all derived from, and mostly identical with, those of the Sacramento River system to the north. During the routine identification of collections made by my father and me in the Pajaro and Salinas rivers in 1939, I noticed that my fin-ray counts for Lavinia ardesiaca Snyder (1913: 58-61, fig. 1), one of the endemic minnows, did not agree with those published by Dr. Snyder. His data showed that ardesiaca frequently had 9 dorsal and 9 anal rays, whereas my counts for these fins never fall below 10 (Tables V and VI). The range of variation given by Snyder (1913: table, page 59) in the dorsal and anal rays seems unusually extended for ardesiaca, as compared with exilicauda. In the two forms, the dorsal varied from 8 to 12 and 10 to 12, and the anal varied from 8 to 13 and 11 to 13, respectively. This led me to suspect that Snyder's material of ardesiaca did not comprise a genetic unit. In 1941, a preliminary analysis of critical material (kindly collected by R. G. Miller and W. I. Follett and donated to the University of Michigan) disclosed the probable source for Synder's low dorsal and anal ray counts. In those collections, hybrids between the Lavinia and another local minnow, Hesperoleucus symmetricus subditus2 Synder (1913: 67-70, fig. 3), were found. As demonstrated herein, the Hesperoleucus usually has 8 dorsal and 7 anal rays, in contrast to 10 or 11 dorsal and 11 or 12 anal rays in the Lavinia, whereas the number of rays in these fins in the presumed hybrids bridges the gap between those counts (Tables V and VI). The number of gill-rakers is also intermediate (Table VII). Circumstantial evidence for a hybrid interpretation of such intermediates is strong. This paper presents data showing: (1) that ardesiaca is preoccupied by Lavinia harengus Girard, described from Monterey; (2) that harengus cannot be specifically separated from Lavinia exilicauda Baird and Girard; and (3) that Lavinia and Hesperoleucus hybridize in the Monterey basin. The genus Lavinia (regarded herein as monotypic) is elsewhere known only from the Sacramento River system. The genus Hesperoleucus has a somewhat greater range for it is found from the Cuyama River basin (where introduced?), the next river system south of Monterey Bay, northward to the Navarro and Gualala rivers, throughout the Sacramento basin, and in the Warner Lakes drainage of south-eastern Oregon (Snyder, 1913: 63-70; Schultz and DeLacy, 1935: 379). The record for the Cuyama drainage is based on material at the University of Michigan. In both the original account of Lavinia harengus (Girard, 1856: 184),


This paper presents an effective strategy that enables the efficient propagation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) based on substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs). The dispersion property of SSPPs supported by a SIW-based unit cell is firstly analyzed and compared with that of traditional SSPPs. After which transmission characteristics of SSPPs as well as the corresponding field distributions are investigated to demonstrate the predicted bandpass features. Then, parametric analysis is performed to reveal the geometrical parameter effects on the passband. A smooth transition is designed for high-efficiency excitation based on quantitative extraction of dispersion property and impedance. A prototype of a SIW integrated with arrays of uniform holes on the top layer is fabricated and tested. The design is of simple geometry which enables easy and low-cost fabrication and overcomes the restriction of the limited depth of blind via hole. The measured results show that the upper and lower cut-off frequencies are in accordance with those in the dispersion diagram. Moreover, SSPPs can be inspired and propagated with very high efficiencies (return loss almost better than −10 dB) and good bandpass features (relative bandwidth as high as 93.9%), which validates the feasibility of the proposed strategy as well.


This article reports the process of a qualitative-interpretive research, carried out in order to reveal the social imaginary that parents and teachers perceive from male teachers in early childhood education, in a specific context, "Centro Acunar Arte…Sanos de Sonrisas", institution belonging to the public sector in Bogota, dedicated to comprehensive care of children in early childhood in the Colombian capital. This refers mainly to the findings obtained from the analysis of authors and dialogues built with two instruments, the survey and the interview, made for teachers and parents who face a non-traditional circumstance in Colombia, just as the male teacher in the role of the professional responsible for a classroom of this type. Finally, it describes the social imaginary found.


This study aimed to identify the information that should be implemented in Public Transparency Portals from the perspective of Public Governance, Fiscal Transparency and Access to Information Act. Therefore, the used methodology was descriptive, documentary, bibliographical and qualitative. Thus, the Fiscal Transparency, the Public Governance and the Access to Information Act, were analyzed and identified in this work, with the intention to contribute to the Public Administration and their representatives in the pursuit of accountability in disseminating updated information on a timely basis and spontaneously to the general public in their Transparency Portals, attempting to provide everyone a better understanding of the acts of public administration. Thereunto, there were listed information that can be provided seeking disclosure and leading to the reflection on the effectiveness of this information.


The industry life cycle (ILC) model "is so widely accepted and its basic premises so taken for granted that it has become conventional wisdom" (McGahan, Argyres et al. 2004). The ILC is a stylised characterization of observed regularities of how industries evolve from the initial development of a particular product, through the development of a mass market to a mature and stable industry. It is a model of industry behavior over time which provides insight to researchers, managers and policy actors. However, the theoretical underpinning for these dynamics is as yet incomplete (McGahan, Argyres et al. 2004), as there currently is neither an explanation of the observed regularities, nor a solid explanation why some industries do not follow the standard ILC model. Why is this so? One reason is that at the heart of the ILC is a focus on products, their development, production and sale (Barras 1986). While this product focus provides a powerful lens allowing empirical reality to be abstracted to a more conceptual level, it may miss the disparate factors that explain how actors coordinate their actions in an evolving, uncertain and dynamic environment. We argue that another more serious issue is that changes in the selection environment have not been fully elaborated. To deal with this, the paper draws on the signaling literature to explain the observed changes in coordination and actions in an ILC over time. Signals refer to the communication that transmits information between the actors in a particular economic system characterized by information asymmetry allowing for coordination of actions, including competition. Signals are used in neoclassical economics to allow coordination when information is asymmetric among actors (Akerlof 1970; Spence 1973). From this perspective, signals are defined as "a form of credible communication that transmit information from sellers to buyers" (Bergh and Gibbons 2011: 546). This specifies signals, in neoclassical theory, as being useful analytically where a seller can communicate false information (deliberately or unintendedly) to a buyer (Kirmani and Rao 2000) in an attempt to alter the equilibrium situation to their advantage, or the situation is beyond the information processing abilities of the actors involved. However, if we introduce true uncertainty (Knight 1921), that people are not rational decision makers in the economic sense (Loasby 2002), that economic dynamics involve systems of multiple actors (Freeman 1991), and that the economic system is a discovery process (Hayek 1945), characterised by economic experiments (Rosenberg 1992) then we find a different and wider role for signals. Signals then involve communication that transmits information between the actors in a particular economic system. From a heterodox economic perspective, signaling is how a sender, often but not always the seller, tries to influence the decision making of the receiver. To analyze how signals affect the industry life cycles, we introduce the concept of multi-attribute product space (MAPS), which is the informational space defined by a product's set of attributes (Lancaster (1966). Products are viewed as purchased for 'what they do for customers' rather than the technology or design that underlies the product. Products constitute an assembly of attributes; such as ability to perform a task, shape, colour, cost and so on. Thus, customers understand product attributes through signals, and derive the value of the product through comparison with competing products and the social situation via signals from MAPS. Firms interact with a range of actors in developing and producing their products; including suppliers, researchers, competitors, intermediaries and customers. Firms know which attributes to structure in the product because they learn from the signals observed in the industry MAPS. They use this understanding to guide their innovation and interaction with other actors in developing, producing and selling their products. Firms also try to influence the industry MAPS, by sending signals that other actors observe and use to derive their understanding of the MAPS. The signal literature stresses that the signals that are useful for the sender are the ones that are perceived as reliable by the receiver, and that are costly or hard to imitate. Hard to imitate signals (HIS) include, expensive advertising or brands, track record, reputation, or standards. Actors including the competing firms, suppliers, customers, innovation intermediaries and institutional actors such as government observe the signals in the MAPS. These actors may try to influence the MAPS, or use their understanding of the MAPS to improve their position. For example, a supplier may improve their ability to sell into the industry by understanding what customers value about particular product attributes. Another example is the common action of government in providing rules and regulations about the reduction of hazards to society. We use signals to account for the observed regularities in the ILC, and to explain why some industries do not follow the ILC. For each of the three phases of the ILC (Abernathy and Utterback 1978; McGahan, Argyres et al. 2004) the paper explains how signaling affects the ILC by discussing why industries may get stuck in certain phases, and why industries move from one phase to another. Our contribution is to provide a signal based lens that explains the observed dynamics in the ILC, and explains why some industries do not follow the ILC.


IN GREEK LANGUAGE] ............................................................................................................. III ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................... V.................................................................................................................................................. V ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................................. VII LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................... XII LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................................ XIV


The carbon black-filled powdered NR was prepared using the method of coagulation and co-precipitation.The surface morphology of non-contact staining P(NR/N330) particles and contact staining P(NR/N330) particles were studied using SEM analysis.And a powdering mechanism was put forward to describe the powdering process,which show that the key technical point consists in the surfactant with good emulsification and the polymer coating resin with good film forming properties.


Brand awareness on brand which constitutes the success of a brand. The present study is an attempt to update their understanding of the attributes of the products and the role of brand awareness of personal care brands among in Chennai district respondents. The questionnaires were distributed hundred respondents by using convenient sampling techniques. Data was analyzed by Simple percentage and one sample't' test for this study.


Twenty-four organophosphorus compounds, three carbamate insecticides and one chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide (Thiodan® have been screened in the laboratory as soil treatments against the eye gnat Hippelates collusor (Townsend). (Chemical definitions of proprietary materials are listed below.) Of the organophosphorus compounds, Co-Ral®, Bayer 25141, Experimental Nematocide 18133, Bayer 29493, GC-4072, Ethyl Guthion®, Trithion®, GC-3582, ronnel, G-30494, phorate, Bayer 22408, Methyl Trithion®, GC-3583, ethion, Guthion®, Di- Syston®, and Delnav® manifested a high degree of initial activity against the gnat. The first four compounds in this group had the greatest activity while Di-Syston and Delnav were less effective. Relatively moderate dosages of dimethoate and parathion were required for 90% reduction of the gnats. American Cyanamid Compound 18706, Dylox®, phosphamidon, and dicapthon proved effective only at higher dosages. Thiodan was ineffective at practical dosages.

Of the carbamate insecticides, AC-5727 was most efficient in reducing eye-gnat emergence from treated soil. Sevin® was effective, but only when applied in greater quantities, and m-tbutylphenyl N-methylcarbamate did not indicate appreciable activity at the rates used here.


Background: Irrigation is an essential step in root canal treatment (RCT). However, the complex structure of the root canal can limit the penetration of irrigants, causing RCT failure. Shock wave enhanced emission of photoacoustic streaming (SWEEPS) has been developed to improve root canal cleaning by increasing the penetration of irrigants. SWEEPS utilized the Er:YAG laser to generate micropulse, producing bubbles delivered in liquid, causing powerful photodynamic streaming. However, its superiority compared to conventional irrigation remains unclear. Thus, we aim to review the available evidence to assess the benefits of SWEEPS over conventional irrigation. Purpose: This study aims to review the available evidence to assess the benefits of SWEEPS over conventional irrigation. Reviewa: Article searches were conducted on Pubmed, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, and ProQuest using SWEEPS and root canal irrigation as keywords. Articles were included if they aim to assess the benefits of SWEEPS over conventional irrigation in removing smear layer, debris, pulp tissues, or bacteria. A total of 833 articles were initially retrieved from systemic search of literature and 6 articles following inclusion criteria were included in the review. Out of 6 articles, 4 articles suggested that SWEEPS could increase the removal of smear layer, debris, pulp tissues, and bacteria in the root canal compared to conventional irrigation. However, 2 articles found contradictory results, in which SWEEPS and conventional irrigation had similar outcomes in terms of penetration depth and could not completely eradicate biofilm. Conclusion: This review suggests that SWEEPS offers more benefits over conventional irrigation since it can improve the removal of smear layer, debris, pulp tissues, and bacteria in the root canal.


Investigation cooperation is an effective measure to respond to the current criminal characteristics and the development trend of criminal offence.However,at present,the investigation cooperation in our country is not optimistic.The paper introduces the concept of " fragmentation" in new public management to analyze the present investigation situation from six dimensions and puts forward the valid thoughts and ways of perfection for the investigation cooperation from the view of holistic governance,one social management mode.Holistic governance countermeasures of investigation cooperation include strengthening the overall investigation cooperation awareness,integration of investigation cooperation,cooperative governance between the subjects of investigation cooperation,the establishment and utilization of information system,establishing and improving the assessment,supervision and feedback mechanism of the investigation cooperation.


Aims: There is limited data on alterations in novel right ventricular (RV) function indices like tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and tricuspid annular systolic velocity (TASV) after transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. We aimed to evaluate RV function by echocardiography (ECG) with these novel indices in early period in patients with secundum‐type ASD that was closed percutaneously. Methods: Patients were enrolled to study if they had secundum‐type ASD that was suitable for percutaneous closure. Patient population consisted of 4 men and 16 women. Echocardiography was performed before and 1 month after closure. Results: Mean age was 37 ± 16. Mean diameter of ASD and total atrial septum length measured by ECG were 19 ± 6 mm and 49 ± 7 mm, respectively. Mean diameter of defect in transesophageal echocardiography was 20 ± 6 mm. Stretched mean diameter in catheterization was 23 ± 6 mm. One month after closure, there were statistically significant decreases in RV end‐diastolic diameters (43.3 ± 10.7 mm vs. 34.9 ± 5.5 mm; P < 0.001), RV/left ventricular (LV) end‐diastolic diameter ratio (1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 0.87 ± 0.1; P < 0.001), TASV (16.9 ± 3.2 cm/sec vs. 14.3 ± 3.3 cm/sec; P < 0.05), early diastolic tricuspid annular velocity (15.3 ± 3.1 cm/sec vs. 13.4 ± 2.4 cm/sec P <0.05), late diastolic tricuspid annular velocity (16.2 ± 5.4 cm/sec vs. 14.3 ± 6.3 cm/sec; P < 0.05), and TAPSE (29.9 ± 6.2 mm vs. 22.4 ± 7.4 mm; P < 0.001). LV end‐diastolic diameter (38.0 ± 6.9 mm and 40.0 ± 4.5 P < 0.05) was increased, whereas there was no change in LV ejection fraction. Conclusion: Closure of ASD by using Amplatzer devices led to decrease in right heart chamber size, tissue Doppler–derived tricuspid annular velocities and TAPSE in early period. (Echocardiography 2012;29:358‐362)


Although superb microvascular imaging (SMI) (Toshiba/Canon, Tokyo, Japan) has enabled routine characterization of intraplaque neovascularization (IPN) features in patients with carotid stenosis, no reports have been published on the multicenter and large sample size research in this aspect. The efficacy of SMI in detecting carotid IPN has not been concluded. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of SMI comparing with contrast‐enhanced carotid ultrasonography (CEUS) in the detection of carotid IPN or pathologic evaluations of IPN correlated with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).


Fifty-eight double-ring infiltrometer tests were conducted in a Yolo loam soil near the University of California, Davis campus to investigate the spatial variability of water infiltration data and to determine the minimum sample size necessary to determine infiltration parameters with a desired level of confidence. The cumulative infiltration was represented by: Q = A0(l – e –ct) + A1t in all cases tested, where Q is cumulative infiltration in mm; t is time in h; A0 (in mm), C (1/h), and A1(mm/h) are empirical coefficients. The parameters A0, C, and A1 were found to be normally distributed. Only the parameter A1 exhibited spatial variation. A sample size of 10 can be used to estimate the population mean of infiltration parameters A0, C, and A1 with 90% confidence and an accuracy of ± 9.7%, ± 15.5%, and ± 14%, respectively, provided the spatial variation in A1 is properly treated.


South Africa is challenged with an increased backlog of adequate subsidised affordable housing for the marginalised in well-located areas that provide access to urban amenities and places of employment. However, the perception of subsidised affordable housing developments built in the urban core in close proximity to bonded properties is significantly negative. This article seeks to address whether the presence of subsidised affordable housing provided through South Africa's Integrated Residential Development Programme (IRDP) impacts on the property value of bonded properties located nearby. This article examines the impact of the subsidised affordable housing development of Fleurhof, Johannesburg, on surrounding property values. It investigates, in particular, whether the IRDP housing development decreases property values. Using hedonic pricing models (HPM) with regressions, the housing attributes (characteristics) and property price data, dating from 2001 to 2017, were used to determine the effect on the value of Acta Structilia 2020: 27(1) 30 properties in the suburbs of Meadowlands East Zone 1 and Orlando West in Soweto and Florida in Roodepoort, as the two closest residential communities to Fleurhof. The article reveals that the close proximity of the housing development in the initial stages (2001-2010) of the development affected property values negatively. However, in the long run, the housing development does not affect property values.


Rapid identification of microbes which are accurate and cost effective is a necessity in clinical microbiology. There have been several systems developed in the past few years for rapid microbial identification. In the present study, two methods (GC FAME analysis and 16s rDNA sequencing) were compared for identification of bacteria. The results when compared, we found that the FAME results are equally similar to that of genotypic sequencing. Two bacterial samples obtained from soil were analyzed, wherein FAME analysis, the automated system identified sample 1 to be Citrobacter freundii with 0.74 SI. The genotypic analysis also showed similar results, after BLAST the organism was identified to be Citrobacter freundii with 97% identity match. In case of sample 2, FAME analysis identified the organism to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 0.92 SI and sequencing also identified the organism to be Pseudomonas aeruginosa with BLAST showing 98% identity.


It is shown an application of an inverse fuzzy model for voltage regulation in a buck-boost converter, the dc-dc converter supply a constant voltege even with fluctiations in the power supply or disturbances in the resistence load, thus when dusturbences are presented, the controller must change


In order to study the application of molybdenum in the shaped liner,the numerical simulation was conducted by FEM software ANSYS/LS-DYNA3 D for the structure parameters of shaped charge jet formation,and the process of penetrating steel target was simulated with the ALE method. The results show that for the cone-shaped liner with variable wall thickness and the charge diameter is 126 mm,the optimal thickness is as followings:top 2 mm,bottom 1.5 mm,the change rate of wall thickness0.7%. For the cone angle of 60 degrees,the head speed reaches 12.0 km/s,the maximum effective jet length is 1 161.09 mm. The optimum blasting height is 250 mm for penetrating steel target with 500 mm thickness. Compared with copper,jet formation and penetration capability of molybdenum shaped liner is better than that of copper shaped liner.


The invention relates to a vertebral pedicle drill which comprises a drill head, a drill rod and a drill tail. The drill head is columnar, the end face of the drill head is a coarse face, and the coarse degree of the coarse face is larger than 10 meshes and smaller than 1,000 meshes. The vertebral pedicle drill is extremely simple in structure, high in practicability and easy to popularize. Furthermore, an edge is not arranged at any part of the surface of the vertebral pedicle drill, the safety of a vertebral pedicle operation is greatly improved, and the risk that operation relies on the hand feeling traditionally is avoided.


Abstract : DIAL PACK Event of the MIDDLE NORTH Series, Bell Laboratories Project LN-318, involved the evaluation of the blast-induced response of the SA Manhole. The SA Manhole was a full-size, segmented, precast-concrete hardened structure, to be used by the Long Lines Department of American Telephone and Telegraph Company, to house electronic repeater equipment. Testing was designed to determine the extent of cracking, equipment environments, and overall structural response.


This paper is aimed at showing the advantages of an off-line urban canopy model with respect to a regional climate model coupled to an urban canopy model for urban heat island studies. It is undeniable that there is benefit in the use of application-specific models such as UrbClim, particularly in terms of computational costs. In such circumstances, even if they both show similar results, the computational costs associated with the regional climate model make the use of UrbClim very attractive. However, in order to justify the use of a standalone urban model, the authors compare completely different tools (i.e. a more like-to-like comparison would be to show benefits of UrbClim over the Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model, both running offline with the same boundary conditions) and do not fully acknowledge (only at the very end of the paper)


In network intrusion detection research, two characteristics are generally considered vital to building efficient intrusion detection systems (IDSs): an optimal feature selection technique and robust classification schemes. However, the emergence of sophisticated network attacks and the advent of big data concepts in intrusion detection domains require two more significant aspects to be addressed: employing an appropriate big data computing framework and utilizing a contemporary dataset to deal with ongoing advancements. As such, we present a comprehensive approach to building an efficient IDS with the aim of strengthening academic anomaly detection research in real-world operational environments. The proposed system has the following four characteristics: (i) it performs optimal feature selection using information gain and branch-and-bound algorithms; (ii) it employs machine learning techniques for classification, namely, Logistic Regression, Naïve Bayes, and Random Forest; (iii) it introduces bulk synchronous parallel processing to handle the computational requirements of large-scale networks; and (iv) it utilizes a real-time contemporary dataset generated by the Information Security Centre of Excellence at the University of Brunswick (ISCX-UNB) to validate its efficacy. Experimental analysis shows the effectiveness of the proposed framework, which is able to achieve high accuracy, low computational cost, and reduced false alarms.


There are five USA Outward Bound schools with an annual enrollment of 30000 students. The national office has general supervisory responsibility for safety, although each school has its own Safety Committee and local operating procedures. All safety incidents, including injuries, illnesses,'near misses', student dropouts, and incident-associated activities are reported to the national office annually. Overall injury rates for all schools from 1978–1988 were 0.75 per 1000 student days. The 1988 injury rate was 0.49 and illness rate 0.40 per 1000 student days. Since 1962 there have been 13 accidental student deaths, 3 instructor deaths, and 4 deaths unrelated to accidents. The last accidental death was in 1978. Statistics for 1988 and 1989 are reviewed in detail, and a comparison made between injury rates in Outward Bound and in common sports. The injury rates in Outward Bound compare favorably with those in other sports; well supervised wilderness experiential education is as safe as, or safer than, other activities of urban youth.


Cassia auriculata Linn. is a plant reported for use in the Ayurvedic and Siddha system of medicine for treating various diseases. The study presented was an attempt to screen the ethanol and aqueous extracts of the flowers for wound healing potency using chick embryo wound model developed as part of the study. As evident from the experimental data the ethanol extract showed good dose-dependent healing potency. The ethanol extract at 500 µg concentration showed increased wound contraction by 50% compared to the negative control model in the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane excision wound model. The results were statistically significant when compared to the control groups (p<0.05). The extract was also found to have better angiogenic properties from neovascularization studies. The chick embryo wound model has been reported to be a reliable model and could be used as an alternative to animal models for preliminary screening of compounds with wound healing potency.


In this paper, Diabetic related diseases and its symptoms are discussed and the different kinds of affected patients are analysed using fuzzy soft matrices based on reference function.


In this essay, the author provides an overview of some of the main themes of his book, The Geography of Insight: The Humanities, the Sciences, How They Differ, Why They Matter (2018). In particular, he argues that there are four core differences between the sciences and the humanities: (1) it is proper for the sciences but not the humanities to seek insights not limited to particular locations, times, or things; (2) the sciences but not the humanities value findings as independent as possible of the perspectives of the inquirers; (3) the sciences should be wholly descriptive, while the humanities can also be concerned with prescriptive claims, which give expression to values; and (4) the sciences are organized to increase collective knowledge, whereas in the humanities individual insight is highly valued independently of its ability to generate consensus. Associated with these differences are a set of secondary distinctions: different attitudes about the possibility of endpoint of inquiry; different notions of intellectual progress; different roles for expertise; and different working assumptions about simplicity and complexity.


Based on dedicated coupled field-circuit models, this paper investigates important parameters of a 300 kHz cold crucible induction furnace in its environment, where metallic water cooling pipes and protective components are present. The finite element computation uses the 3D scalar model of the electromagnetic field and the surface impedance model of the solid conductor regions. The current density, the associated losses, voltages between different parts of the furnace and electrical currents circulating through the pipes are evaluated.


This volume consists of three parts. Part 1, the literature review, examines 20 papers to describe the current understanding of the relationship between therapist alliance, therapist adherence and outcome in individual psychotherapy. Part 2, the empirical paper, uses data from participants in the Positive Reinforcement targeting Abstinence In Substance misuse (PRAISe) randomised control trial being conducted in south east England. This trial investigates the effectiveness of contingency management (CM) interventions in opiate substitution therapy to improve attendance and abstinence of heroin. The paper explores the impact of CM interventions on levels of attendance in opiate substitution therapy and investigates the relationship between client factors, therapeutic alliance, therapist adherence to the CM and levels of attendance. Part 3, the critical appraisal, is in two sections. The first section explores the debate between research that attributes therapeutic outcome to factors that are common across different types of psychotherapy such as the therapeutic alliance, and research that highlights the importance of the contribution of theory specific interventions, measured by therapist adherence. The second section considers some of the moral and ethical concerns about using incentives in health care and some of the implications for future research and clinical practice.


The article deals with instruments recommended for regulating financial imbalances of endogenous-oriented development of the regions of Ukraine as an integral part of the regional economy management mechanism, and also explored the ways of regulating regional socioeconomic processes in crisis conditions. The basic principles of selection of instruments for the regulation of financial imbalances of endogenous-oriented development of regions are determined. The classification of instruments of regulation of financial imbalances of endogenous-oriented development is considered. The basic tools used to support the development of regions and municipalities are analyzed: legal; related to the development of appropriate strategies and programs; based on the implementation of inter-municipal cooperation; financial. The three main directions of financial imbalance regulation tools for endogenous-oriented development of the regions are investigated, which are used to analyze the impact on the effectiveness of regional development at different stages of the economic cycle. The system of specially organized measures of regulation of financial imbalances of endogenously oriented development of regions is substantiated. In modern conditions, great attention is paid to the problems of regulation of financial imbalances of endogenously oriented development of regions of Ukraine, the implementation of which requires special instruments. A holistic presentation of the systemic mechanism of regulation of financial imbalances of endogenously oriented development of regions is offered. After all, ensuring endogenous-oriented development of regions in the current conditions of functioning of the economy of Ukraine requires the implementation of strategies of socioeconomic transformation, which will be aimed at changing the financial imbalances of development of regions and mechanisms for their implementation. Endogenously oriented regional development means increasing the level of overcoming adverse social, economic and environmental risks and trends, with the ability of regions to provide financial imbalances, self-regulation, self-improvement with maximum use of internal as well as external borrowing resources to meet the needs of the population of the regions. The endogenous-oriented development of the regions is conditioned by the identification of instruments for regulating the financial imbalances of the regions and the identification of conditions for their achievement, which are derivatives for ensuring the endogenously-oriented development of the regions as a whole.


Thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) spectra of polychlorotrifluoroethylene with relatively low crystallinity were measured in the range of 85 to 400 K. Three TSDC peaks were observed at 362.5 K, 275 K, and 197.5 K, corresponding to β, γa and γc relaxation processes, respectively. Each relaxation process was analyzed from elementary TSDC spectra obtained by the thermal sampling technique. In these relaxation processes, it was found that the distribution of relaxation times was interpreted as a distribution in activation energies and the temperature dependence of relaxation times was ruled by the compensation law.


Using multi-center resting-state fMRI databases under eyes closed (EC) and eyes open (EO), this study systematically investigated the intra- and inter-scanner reliability and validity of Wavelet-mALFF across multiple frequency bands. We found that Wavelet-mALFF outperformed FFT-mALFF in terms of intra- and inter-reliability and validity, particularly in the higher frequency band slow-2 (0.1992-0.25 Hz), where db2-mALFF is the top performer in Wavelet-mALFF. We propose that instead of FFT-ALFF, db2-ALFF can be employed to measure the spontaneous oscillations of local brain activity in future studies.


From the very beginning of the long-wave debate (interrupted several times in the past), at the forefront of interest has been the question of reliable proof of the existence of long waves as reflected in real economic data series. Once proved it would be easier to correlate them with other important economic variables and look for possible causal relations.

However simple this may seem in principle, this paper shows how difficult this problem is in practice. Even if no one questions the fluctuations of economic data, the problem of finding in them a coherent pattern is complicated. The novel method described here seems to be well suited for depicting trends in "long economic movements" -- an expression that draws less opposition than the simple idea of periodic cycles. Important insight is shown in the authors' analysis of the data of many countries.

This paper is a significant step in pursuit of the most important issue in the long-wave debate -- to produce reliable data and methods that will shed the necessary light on the question of the existence of long waves.


Through comparative research into technique statistics of China's men basketball team and its opponents in 2006 World Championship such as scoring ability,secondary attack,fast break,backboard ball of the frontcourt,the paper drew a conclusion that the China's team further established high level advantage but lacked complex offensive tactics.They relied excessively on internal line in the form of strong inside with weak outside.The findings show that there are obvious differences in offensive abilities between the China's men basketball players and opponents.


Motion is an essential and fundamental feature of any living organism. The evolved organisms have developed sophisticated and perfect machineries and highly delicate mechanisms to carry out directi ...


This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of parecoxib sodium for acute postoperative pain. PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EBSCO, Springer, Ovid and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched from January 1999 to January 2013 to comprehensively collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of parecoxib sodium for acute postoperative pain. The methodological quality of the included RCTs were assessed and the data were extracted by two reviewers independently according to the Cochrane Handbook. Efficacies and safety (respiratory depression, pruritus, fever, headache, and nausea and vomiting) were pooled using meta-analysis performed by Review Manager 5.1 software. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated in a fixed-effects model. Seven RCTs involving 1,939 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that the rate of 'effective' treatment as described by the patients' global evaluation of study medication (PGESM) was higher in the patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) combined with parecoxib sodium group 24, 48, and 72 h after the initial intravenous dose of 40 mg parecoxib compared with that in the control group [PCA alone; RR=1.41, 95% CI (1.13–1.75); RR=1.25, 95% CI (1.15–1.35); and RR=1.30, 95% CI (1.21–1.40), respectively]. The rate of 'ineffective' treatment in the PCA combined with parecoxib sodium group was lower compared with that of the control group [RR=0.43, 95% CI (0.26–0.72); RR= 0.44, 95% CI (0.34–0.57); and RR= 0.33, 95% CI (0.23–0.48), respectively]. Combination of PCA with parecoxib sodium reduced the incidence of postoperative fever [RR=0.34, 95% CI (0.22–0.53)], as well as nausea and vomiting [RR=0.69, 95% CI (0.57–0.83)]; however, it did not significantly reduce respiratory depression [RR= 0.84, 95% CI (0.38–1.83)], pruritus [RR= 0.91, 95% CI (0.54–1.52)] or headache [RR=0.77, 95% CI (0.47–1.28)]. The combination of PCA with parecoxib sodium successively injected for <3 days significantly increases the scores of PGESM and reduces the incidence of adverse effects and postoperative complications.


The lens design problem for the 2017 IODC is to design a lens which includes a "100 lens" to commemorate the OSA's 100th anniversary. Traditional lens specifications (focal length, f/number, field of view, etc.) are not specified; the goal of the problem is to maximize the used diameters of the ball lenses in the 100 lens while maintaining diffractionlimited optical performance. The winning entry from Takeshi Akiyama has 54 lens elements, is 19,443 mm long and 165 mm in diameter, yet has a focal length of only 0.02 mm; it has a merit function of 398.04 out of a maximum possible 400.


In fuzzy control and programming problems, the synthetic cutset of the fuzzy numbers is calculated for different cutset levels based on operation rules. This paper establishes a synthetic rule for fuzzy numbers in different cutset levels using the level weighted method. Then the Lebesgue measure of the symmetric difference between level cutsets is used to define the clearness of a fuzzy number within a level, to synthesize different levels of a cutset, and to define the synthetic level of a cutset for triangular fuzzy numbers. The results provide a synthesis of fuzzy information for different levels for fuzzy programming and optimization problems.


Age-dependent increment response of trees to climatic factor on example of European larch. The study identified the meteorological elements, which decided about similarity and differences of a short-term increment rhythm of European larch in different age. For this purpose one core was extracted from 30 trees in each of three-stands. The stands were growing close to each other, in similar habitat conditions. The principal component analysis of sensitivity series was used to study the climate-growth relationship. It was found that differences in the increment rhythm of sample subpopulation came from their different sensitivity to: solar conditions in October of previous year as well as solarthermal conditions in February and March and solar conditions of June and July in the year of tree-ring formation. Also precipitation of August and September in the year of tree-ring formation had influence on different incremental rhythm. On the other hand, the similar incremental response of trees from sample subpopulations was driven by similar sensitivity to the precipitations in the previous September as well as June in the year of tree-ring formation.


Although numerous surgical and percu-taneous techniques have been suggested for the man-agement of different IVC complications, there is noconsensus about a standard method of treatment.Here we describe a unique case in which a liverallograft caused kinking of the recipient's IVC andsubsequent thrombosis after piggyback livertransplantation.Our case involves a 48-year-old male with end-stageliver disease secondary to hepatitis C. He underwentpiggyback liver transplantation in which the suprahe-patic allograft IVC was anastomosed with 3 recipienthepatic veins.On postoperative day 3, the patient developed sig-nificant hemodynamic instability and was re-exploredthrough the same bilateral subcostal incision. Anintraoperative Doppler examination revealed patenthepatic veins with pulsatile flow but also a nearlyocclusive thrombus in the recipient's IVC extendingfrom the suprarenal IVC to the retrohepatic IVC infe-rior to the piggyback anastomosis. The absence of anoutflow obstruction was confirmed by the lack of apressure gradient across the piggyback anastomosis,which was demonstrated by the direct measurementof the pressures of the recipient's suprahepatic IVCand the donor's IVC. Graft rotation and IVC kinkinginferior to the piggyback anastomosis were alsoobserved to be causing IVC stenosis.The decision was made to perform a thrombectomythrough a venotomy on the suprarenal IVC withFogarty balloons. Once an adequate caval flow wasobtained, vascular clamps were applied inferior to thepiggyback anastomosis and slightly superior to therenal veins. The lower aspect of the donor's IVC wasuntied and anastomosed to the opening on the recipi-ent's IVC (the site of the thrombectomy) in an end-to-side fashion (Fig. 1). By anchoring the donor's IVC in2 separate locations, we were able to relieve the kink-ing of the IVC.Three days after the re-exploration, a Doppler ultra-sound examination revealed normal directional flowand patency of the hepatic vasculature. A retrievableGunther Tulip IVC filter was inserted to prevent anyfurther risk of a pulmonary embolism. The patient'sremaining postoperative course was unremarkable.The laboratory values on April 2011 were as follows:total bilirubin, 1.4 mg/dL; aspartate aminotransferase,


Segment markets of CNPC's polypropylene are obtained by applying STP theory.The promising segment markets which can meet the objective and capability of the company are chosen as the target market,afterwards,it is essential for the company to put its passion into a market position based on the target customer-oriented principle,and take a series of marketing activities to attract the target customers.


Introduction Post-processing of sonar data is a common task in ocean science. This includes the creation of bathymetric maps, the use of seafloor backscatter information to determine sediment types as well as the analysis of water column data, e.g. for the assessment of fish populations or the quantification of gas releases from the seafloor at methane seeps. Many commercial and free post processing tools for these tasks exist, but since there is a wide range of sonar manufactures with individual data formats not every format is supported by these applications. The DSM Sonar Software is a collection of software libraries and applications to facilitate access to sonar data of various formats and convert between different formats. The conversion of an unsupported format into a commonly supported one makes it possible to process sonar data with existing post processing tools. The target users for our converters are scientists and hydrographers. The different data format descriptions and sonar tool libraries are valuable for software developers in the field of automated sonar data analysis. The modular approach and structure of the DSM Sonar Software enables that developers pick only necessary components to include them in their own software project.


Water and electrolyte balances in 7 marasmic infants during the first 6 days of treatment for diarrheal dehydration, were studied. The fluid therapy IV was started with 100 ml/kg of half isotonic saline in 2, 5% glucose, administered at 20 ml/kg/h. There after the maintenance solution for 100 cal/day was: water - 100 ml, Na - 3 mEq and K - 7,5 mEq.The average solute load of 18 mOsm/100 cal/day was excreted at a concentration of 473 mOsm/1., in 38ml of obligatory water.An average of 65 ml/100 cal/day of insensible water loss was obtained. From these, the average figure for total loss of water is 103 ml/100 cal/day.The water of oxidation will provide nearly 10 ml, obtained from metabolism of proteins, fat and car-bohidrates. The balance, 93 ml/100 cal/day must be provided parenterally.The maintenance need for Na and K was respectively 3, 0 and 2, 5 mEq/100 cal/day.


An equipment cabinet (1) has a first compartment (3), a second compartment (5), and a ventilation system. The first compartment (3) may be an inner or electronic compartment and the second compartment(5) may be an outer or battery compartment. The ventilation system has at least one operating configuration which enables air to flow from outside the second compartment to the first compartment thento the second compartment, and which enables little or no air to flow from the second compartment to the first compartment. The ventilation system has another operating configuration in which littleor no air can flow from outside the second compartment to the first compartment, little or no air can flow from the second compartment to the first compartment, and air is able to substantially recirculate through or in the first compartment.


The creosote- and pentachlorophenol-contaminated aquifer at the Libby Superfund Site is being bioremediated using naturally occurring aerobic microorganisms. Water is injected into the aquifer downgradient from the major contaminant source area. Between January 1991 and May 1993, the injection water was amended with hydrogen peroxide at a delivered concentration of approximately 100 mg/L. Theoretically, this hydrogen peroxide decomposed in the aquifer to produce approximately 50 mg/L of biologically available dissolved oxygen. The use of hydrogen peroxide was successful in making portions of the aquifer aerobic, which reduced water-phase contaminant concentrations. In May 1993, the hydrogen peroxide system was replaced by an oxygen generation/dissolution system that reduced the operating costs for oxygenating the aquifer by about $35,000 annually. Oxygen is now generated on site by a pressure-swing absorption oxygen generator and is dissolved by four membrane oxygen dissolution devices. The membrane oxygen dissolution system has operated at the Libby Superfund site for more than 26 months with no loss in performance due to membrane fouling or membrane fatigue.


On the basis of analysis on the characteristics of "Mining Pressure and Strata Control",combined with our own teaching experience,this paper gave a useful discussion on teaching philosophy,teaching methods,teaching contents,interest and assessment in learning,which helps to constantly improve teaching effectiveness and quality.


We extend the theoretical basis of the empirical literature on the effects of R&D subsidies by providing an estimable model of strategic interaction among subsidy applicants, and public and private sector R&D financiers. Our model incorporates fixed R&D cost and a cost of external finance. We derive the optimal support rule. At the intensive (extensive) margin the costs of external funding reduce (increase) the optimal subsidy rate. We also establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of additionality. It turns out that additionality at the intensive margin is less likely with higher spillovers. Our results suggest that the relationship between additionality and welfare may not be straightforward.


Enterprise-Wide Agreements System-wide IT agreements are established to provide overall value to campuses and departments. These agreements typically deliver cost savings and other value by leveraging all the University's spend for IT goods and services, and the purchasing activity with these suppliers is streamlined with an efficient, effective, and standardized process across the system. Some of these suppliers have also been identified as strategic IT suppliers – vendors selected to establish product brand standardization across the entire University system. For example, Dell and Apple are strategic IT suppliers and as a result they are the established computer brands for University use. The contract terms and conditions, IT security risk and compliance review, and the review for legal sufficiency within a contract have already been processed and finalized when purchasing from a supplier with a system-wide IT agreement or enterprise license in place, as well as when purchasing from a Strategic IT Supplier.


One of the currently available approaches to the problem of t he accelerated expansion of the Universe is based on cosmological models with various types of scalar fields. In this paper we consider a cosmological model based on the modified Jordan-B r s-Dicke (JBD) theory with a cosmological scalar φ(y) playing the role of the variable cosmological constant. Spe cial cases are considered withφ(y) = αH2 andφ(y) = αH4. In particular, we show the possibility of the expansion with uniform acceleration.


Purpose: The aim of the case study is present of using tools Clock Drawing Test (CDT), Standardized Mini-Mental State Examination (SMMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS15) in planning nursing care, specifically for choosing tasks for cognitive rehabilitation of patient with dementia. Methods: In the case study are introduced using of measure tools in cognitive rehabilitation of patient with Dementia of the Alzheimer's type. CDT, SMMSE, GDS15 was administered before beginning cognitive rehabilitation and their scores influenced of choosing tasks for cognitive rehabilitation. Result: SMMSE provides objective data for diagnose of nursing diagnosing Chronic confusion 00129. Scores of CDT and SMMSE aren't identical with by physician appointed cognitive disorder. Choosing of tasks for cognitive rehabilitation according to scores SMMSE and CDT patient didn't accept positively in all range. Conclusion: Scores CDT, SMMSE, GDS15 have meaning as sources of objective data for cognitive rehabilitation, only with connection with another date about patient, e. g clinical status, examinee's health history, history of cognitive decline, physical examination, occupation, area of interests.


A new type of fuzzy inference chip adopting address-look-up and virtual paging method, i.e. sophisticated use of common digital memory devices, has been successfully developed. The characteristics of the inference chip are summarized first and then its theoretical background is introduced. This inference chip possessing robust noise immunity executes any kind of fuzzy operations and variables using a limitless number of fuzzy production rules with unlimited fuzzy linguistic labels and free-shaped membership functions in continuous valued mode at high-speed (more than 60 MFLIPS) and low-cost. It can be easily linked to the commonly used digital computer system and furthermore helps to pave the way for harmonizing fuzzy system with crisp system to construct the next generation computer system.


A cleaning procedure and a contamination method developed at NASA Langley to contaminate sample surfaces with a certain thickness of HD-2 grease are demonstrated. Varying levels of contamination are obtained. Optically stimulated electron emission (OSEE) measurements were performed using the parallel electric field cell and the Pat scan device for clean and contaminated samples with a known amount of common contaminant. The OSEE response is found to be more sensitive for the clean sample than for the contaminated one. It is concluded that the OSEE measurements obtained using these techniques are sensitive to surface conditions and the contaminant thickness variations. It is also shown that the wavelength of illuminating light can have a profound effect on OSEE current levels.


Compatibility of DiamondTemp (DT) radiofrequency (RF) catheter with the Rhythmia mapping system has not been manufacturer‐reported nor its tracking accuracy reported.


We studied whether the critical layers of 0.12 micrometer DRAM could be processed with optical lithography techniques assuming ArF excimer laser as a light source. To enhance the aerial image fidelity and process margin, phase shift mask (PSM) patterns as well as binary mask patterns are corrected with in-house developed optical proximity correction (OPC) software. As the result, we found that the aerial image of the critical layers of a DRAM cell with 0.12 micrometer design rule could not be reproduced with binary masks. But, if we use PSM or optical proximity corrected PSM, the fidelity of aerial image, resolution and process margin are so much enhanced that they could be processed with optical lithography.


Normal serum sodium, potassium, magnesium and the hematocrit were determined in 1-day-, 5-day- and 2-month-old white New Zealand rabbits. A significant increase in sodium and magnesium was observed...


This study presents the performance evaluation of wind turbine implementing the mathematical model based on Blade Element Momentum (BEM) theory. The investigation concentrates on the comparison of power producing characteristics of three types of rotors for a horizontal axis wind turbine. The rotors considered have rectangular plan form shape with sections fabricated from aerofoil sections of NACA families. The three families of NACA airfoils used in this investigation are NACA4424, NACA23024 and NACA62-206. The lift and drag characteristics, of the rotors were experimentally obtained using 250 mm span and 60 mm chord rotor blades in an Armfield 300×300 mm subsonic, suction type and closed jet wind tunnel. The wind speeds used in the investigation were in the range of 8 to 11 m/s, which is the range of wind speeds found near the coastal belt and the mountainous parts of Saudi Arabia. Three bladed rotor subscale models of the wind turbines rotors having 250 mm rotor diameter, 100 mm blade span and 30 mm chord were used for testing rotational behavior of the wind turbines in a Plinth 600×600 mm blow down wind tunnel facility. The parameters used for the comparison in this study include variations in setting angle, diameters, tip speed ratio, taper, wind speed and angle of attack. It is observed that rotors with NACA4424 aerofoil sectioned blades produce more power at lower wind speeds and lower angles of attack where as rotors with NACA23024 aerofoil sectioned blades generate better performance at higher wind speeds and higher angles of attack. Further the taper of the rotors produced more decrease in the mass of the rotors than the decrease power produced by these. The reduction in mass could drastically decrease the inertia of the rotors which could result in higher rotational motions. Results depict the dependence of power produced on the Cd/Cl characteristics of the rotors.


Goal: The need to discuss reverse logistics processes with a detailed and analytical approach, aiming at improving the reverse channel efficiency is notorious in the literature. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze and describe in detail the activities that make up the reverse logistics processes and, in addition, to propose a conceptual framework for a better understanding and definition of RL processes. . Design / Methodology / Approach: This was achieved through a systematic review, which considered 3.517 papers, analyzing the RL concepts, definitions and objectives, as well as identifying its processes and activities. The activities were categorized as information (I-RL process) or materials (M-RL process) related. Results: This research provides an entire RL activities blueprint. This approach promotes greater transparency, allowing to identify stages most impacted on the reverse channels, besides standardizing logistical procedures and also allowing to insert control points for measuring performance. Limitations of the investigation: It is possible for a paper that focuses on one of the activities of the framework not to have been shown during the database if it doesn't mention the keywords "reverse logistics", "green logistics" and "sustainable logistics". Practical implications: The concepts of reverse logistics activities presented in the framework can be implemented in reverse supply chains, serving as a basis for organizational strategies for managers involved with such processes. Originality / Value: The authors of this paper believe that the results achieved can greatly contribute to the expansion of debates in the RL area, as well as serve as a basis for managers involved with RL processes.


This thesis reports on an ethnographic investigation of the everyday lives of
Mexican transnational families living in the USA and Mexico. It gives an account
of how migrants and their families who stayed behind experienced and coped with
separations and how they negotiated, maintained and continually redefined their
family relationships and emotional exchanges. I look at, compare and analyse the
experiences of undocumented migrants and non-migrants from both a small town
and from a city, for whom migration was, respectively, a long-standing tradition or
a fairly recent way of life.
The observations herein discussed draw from more than seven months of multi
sited participant observation and interview research in two locations in the USA −
in Texas and California − as well as in both a small town and two cities in Mexico
from where the immigrant cohorts originated (and to where some migrants
occasionally returned). The participants were 'snowballed' from the families of
two cohorts of first-generation undocumented Mexican migrants in these locations.
These cohorts differed mainly in their demographic origin (rural/urban), social
class (working-class/middle-class origins in Mexico), level of education
(basic/high school and higher) and modes of crossing (entry without
inspection/visa overstayers).
The social and cultural differences between the participants resulted in contrasting
self-perceptions and meanings given to their everyday lived experiences as
undocumented / 'illegal' migrants, to the efforts made for their loved ones, to their
identities as 'camouflaged' migrants or as people living 'ambivalent loyalties'.
The above named topics are analysed in the framework of transnational family life
taking into account the interplay of gender relations, demographic origin, social
class, level of education, use of social networks and undocumented status.


The intrapair and interpair correlation energies of MF2 (M = Be, Mg, Ca) set molecules are calculated and analysed, and the transferability of inner core correlation effects of Mδ+ are investigated. A detailed analysis of the comparison of correlation energies of neutral atoms with their corresponding ions of Mδ+ and Fδ/2 is given in terms of the correlation contribution of this component. The study reveals that the total correlation energy of MF2 molecules can be obtained by summing the correlation contributions of Mδ+ and two Fδ-/2 components. This simple estimation method does shed light on the importance of searching useful means for the calculation of electron correlation energy for large biological systems.


Once the train leaves station, there is no communication between the running train and the station or controller. Hence, in case of failures or in emergencies in between stations immediate information cannot be given and a particular problem will escalate with valuable time lost. Hence, the introduction of a train radio communication system will not only improve the level of safety of Indian Railways (IR) but will also improve efficiency of train operations. Further, due to interference and other problems with copper cable in electrified territory, IR have decided to replace open wire lines by optical fibre cables along the electrified routes. The usage of optical fibre cables does not lend itself for presiding trackside communication as in the case of copper cable, which can be tapped at regular intervals along the track. Hence, another transmission medium is necessary for communication outside the station limits with drivers, guards, maintenance gangs, gateman etc. Obviously the medium of choice for such communication is wireless. With increasing speed and train density, adoption of train control methods such as automatic warning system, (AWS) or, automatic train stop (ATS), or positive train separation (PTS) is a must. Even though, these methods traditionally pick up their signals from track based beacons, radio based systems are emerging and are ideally suited for Indian conditions due to theft and vandalism of ground based equipment. Hence, the increasing demand for different applications of radio communication on railways, makes it necessary to provide a good basis for designing the coverage of radio system.


Fine point needles for field emissoin are conventionally produced by electrolytically or chemically etching tungsten wire. Points formed in this manner have a typical tip radius of about 0.5 microns and a cone angle of some 30 degrees. The construction of needle matrix detector chambers has created a need for tungsten needles whose specifications are: 20 mil tungsten wire, 1.5 inch total length, 3 mm-long taper (resulting in a cone angle of about 5 degrees), and 25 micron-radius point (similar to that found on sewing needles). In the process described here for producing such needles, tungsten wire, immersed in a NaOH solution and in the presence of an electrode, is connected first to an ac voltage and then to a dc supply, to form a taper and a point on the end of the wire immersed in the solution. The process parameters described here are for needles that will meet the above specifications. Possible variations will be discussed under each approprite heading.


Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are some of the most prevalent pollutants in the total environment and receive more and more concerns as a group of ubiquitous potential persistent organic pollutants. Using the variable selection and modeling based on prediction (VSMP), the molecular electronegativity distance vector (MEDV) derived directly from the molecular topological structures was employed to develop a quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (QSTR) model between the toxicity and MEDV descriptors of 22 OPs. The QSTR model showed a good estimation ability with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9781 and a high stability with a leave-one-out cross-validation correlation coefficient (q) of 0.9519. Main structural factors influencing the toxicity of OPs are the substructures expressed by three atomic groups —CH3、>N —、—O—(or—S—). The QSTR model was Internal validation and External validation, and was shown that the QSTR model was bootstrapping and high predictive ability.


The field of consumer behavior has always been the goal of marketing concern, a breakthrough in the study, a sensory field in recent years beyond the traditional five senses and the vestibular sensory systems (called the sixth kind of the senses), including body posture and balance, previous research on taste and vestibular sensory interaction affect the major findings, This study will explore the interplay between auditory and vestibular senses and expand the scope of sensory marketing. Join consumers' emotional experience as strain, the study of the interaction between the emotion to provide a reference for future retailers, and vestibular sensory systems in the field of marketing has not been sufficient research, this study through three experiments results show that although the court did not feel a significant interference influence on emotional experience, hearing from them, Vestibular sensory sitting position (relative standing) have higher positive influence to customers' emotional experience, and contains the auditory sense of music presents the fast rhythm, music, the greater the loudness, rock and roll style for customers have higher emotional experience positive emotions, these findings extend the sensory marketing as well as the interactions of the vestibular sense of hearing, To provide retailers, catering and other industries in the future design service area and rest area environment practical significance.


The authors have reduced the uncertainty inherent in timing analysis due to lack of proper signal interaction modeling and delay evaluation inaccuracy. They have refined the false path elimination algorithms which place upper or lower bounds on the maximum settling time of a network by generalizing the application of logical constraints to time intervals. The proposed method allows simultaneous changes on inputs for path excitation, identifies glitches which cannot propagate, and improves the handling of reconvergent paths. The algorithm presented is based on an evolution of the LSP (longest stability sensitizable path) algorithm and derives multiple test vectors to excite the path as part of the search and elimination process. The timing analyzer is tightly linked to an electrical simulator which is used for verification of candidate paths.<<ETX>>


The establishment of the policy"One Center,Two Bases"marks the initial shaping of Deng Xiaoping's theory.From our Party's 13th Congress to Deng Xiaoping's Talk in South till Party's 14th Congress,Deng Xiaoping's theory has developed into system,which the 15th congress of the Party saw taken into Party Constitution.


The settlements by liquefaction seldom occur uniformly because of soil homogeneity, however differential settlements are major cause of the damages to structures. From the past researches, author paid attention to the fact that stress history during undrained cyclic shear process affects greatly on the volumetric strains of the post-liquefaction. Therefore, the effect of the residual shear strain in cyclic shear process was examined in this study. The experiment apparatus based on strain control with volumetric strain control device was used for the study to investigate the effect of the residual strain on the relationship between volumetric strain and effective stress of clean and granite sandy soil. It could be seen an insignificant difference in the volumetric strain after liquefaction under various residual shear strain conditions in the case of clean sand. On the other hand, in granite sandy soil, the volumetric strain after liquefaction was small when the lower level of the residual shear strain was applied. And, the residual shear strain during cyclic shear affected the shape of the relation curve between effective stress and volumetric strain as well.


Active oxygen species (AOS) and peroxidase are believed to involve in many important processes in plants in general and in plant-pathogen interaction in particular. Using DAB (3,3'-diaminobenzidine) staining method, the subcellular localization of H 2O 2 and peroxidase in the inner epidermal cells of rice leaf sheaths infected with compatible and incompatible races of Magnaporthe grisea were detected successfully. DAB staining was detected at the wounding, guard cells and penetration sites of M. grisea. Compared with compatible interaction, H 2O 2 and peroxidase accumulated quickly at the fungal penetration sites in incompatible interaction during initial stage of infection. An increase in the level of H 2O 2 and peroxidase activities in the incompatible interaction was also observed. Histochemical analysis of peroxidase distribution by electron microscopy revealed a striking, highly localized increase in peroxidase activities in the cell wall, plasma membrane, vesicle membrane and around invading hyphae of M. grisea in the penetrated host cells. However, the accumulation of peroxidase activities was delayed and at a much lower level in the penetrated host cells in compatible interaction.


Accelerated discharge and enhanced recovery programs have had modest success in solid organ transplant,1-3 with liver transplantation (LT) being a difficult environment in which to implement change.


The information management can be considered to be the course of adding value to information through organization, reconstitution and other modes and then transfering it to the end-users through exchanging, sharing and other methods, so, there is a huge space in the field of information management. The key of lean information management is the understanding of the definition of the waste. According to the specific characteristics of information management,the waste in information management can be divided into the shortage of resources,the lack of analytical ability,the resources excess and the decision errors.


The study was carried out in 2008 in Dekina Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. Primary data which were obtained from randomly selected maize farmers were used for the study. Both socioeconomic characteristics of the farmers and production activities were studied. The socioeconomic characteristics were analyzed with descriptive statistics while the production aspect was analyzed with production function. The functional form used was Cobb Douglas production function. The results showed that most of the farmers were young, but poorly educated. Their major method of acquiring farmlands was inheritance and they owned small scale farms. All the farmers used personal savings to run their farms. The farmers operated in the region of increasing return to scale. Labour, capital and fertilizers were found to have significant influence on the output of maize. Recommendations made to boost maize production included putting a land reform policy which will make farmlands readily available to interested farmers in place and encouraging commercial banks to give loans to farmers at low interest rate among others. Keywords: Socioeconomics,Resource use,MaizeProduction


* The work was performed in accordance with the planned research of the department of pharmacotherapy of endocrine diseases of the SI «V. Danilevsky Institute for Endocrine Pathology Problems of the NAMS of Ukraine» «Specify the features of hormonal-metabolic and immunological disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease» (No of state registration 0114U001205). The research funding institution is the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The author assumes full responsibility for everything published in the article. The author guarantees the absence of a conflict of interest and his own financial interest in performing the work and writing an article. The manuscript came to the editorial office 15.11.2018. COMPLEX TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN PATIENTS WITH 2 TYPE DIABETES MELLITUS IN COMBINATION WITH NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE


Treats the propagation of longitudinal electric waves in a cold plasma, which can occur if the photon has a nonzero rest mass.


In 2016, the Flemish Government adopted the transversal policy paper "Vision 2050, a long term strategy for Flanders". It has set the ambition for Flanders for 2050 and has paved the way for a transition to a Circular Economy. It provided new objectives and confirmed the ambition to further reduce the total amount of (residual) waste by closing the loop and reducing the use of primary resources. More than before, prevention and reuse have been an integral part of materials management. The impact of waste behaviour needs to be measured against environmental and social priorities. In this context, the REPAiR project developed a multi-stakeholder and interdisciplinary methodology. Building on this methodology, this paper explores how governance in Flanders and Ghent has been affected by this transition and draws lessons to address these challenges.


In our bid to make knowledge and data freely accessible to everyone, the GOI Foundation has established an OER Platform. On the 21st of March


This paper describes an efficient image transformation method based on histogram information and some prior knowledge of tissue expression in different modalities for registration of images from different image aquisition methods, such as CT and MRI. The metric defined in this paper represents a computationally efficient alternative to traditional, mutual information based methods. The optimization step in the registration algorithm can be carried out either by using a normalized cross-correlation function or as a simple image subtraction, which makes it suitable for hardware implementations.


Times have changed: the threat today is not what it was 10 or even 5 years ago. Today the Navy has the same number of surface combatants as it did in the 1930's. Defense spending is down worldwide; yet the U.S. still represents 33% of worldwide defense spending, in contrast to Russia's now 7% representation. This has driven us to greatly extended life cycles for our systems and drives us to greatly reduce development times. There are many traps to schedule reduction; one of them is in the area of special test equipment (STE). Today we no longer buy black boxes or standalone weapons, but rather we buy integrated weapons system. This provides a great challenge to the STE community and hence the metrology community as well. The interactions between subsystems (and hence test equipment as well) produce conditions of tolerance stack up which can produce out of spec test results from subassemblies that are within spec. This paper discusses some of the problems we have seen with regard to STE and potential calibration problems. We will then discuss a potential model and solution to reduce these problems.


Regular interruptions to the power grid supply are common in many parts of the world, with frequent black- or brown-outs occurring on a weekly or even daily basis. Unreliability of a grid can be due to various reasons, such as issues related to power generation, weak network/infrastructure or harsh weather. However, the problems faced by Commercial and Industrial (C&I) sites due to an unreliable grid are generally the same: 1) production loss, lowering of workforce efficiency and possibility of damage to machines/equipment. In many cases power outages on critical manufacturing lines will also damage the work-in-process, further impacting operational costs. In this paper, a business case is presented to demonstrate how microgrids are offering a sustainable alternative to a glass factory in India affected by recurring outages. Four scenarios, which are simulated and optimized using the HOMER Pro microgrid modeling software, are developed for the business case. The scenarios are built considering various options a C&I plant (consisting of diesel generator) can be upgraded using a battery energy storage system (BESS) and/or solar PV generation. A sensitivity analysis has also been performed to analyze the impact of a range of input factors which can help in achieving the most cost effective micro-grid solutions.


This article analyses differences in participation in the formal curriculum by social class, gender and measured ability. It uses data on trends from a national survey to examine questions of (in)equality, including the relations between different dimensions of inequality. It shows the effects of the Sex Discrimination Act 1975 and the introduction of a common core curriculum after 1983. It shows differences between comprehensive and independent schools in levels of participation in each mode of the formal curriculum.


Ornaments are worn in order to enhance the natural beauty. The ornaments worn by the people of the Sangam period were in harmony with their life-style. While we know that both men and women wore ornaments, it is interesting to witness that an epic emerged centralising one particular ornament, i.e., Silambu. Knowing the ornaments wore by the different characters in Silappathikaram and through them understanding the course of the epic are the aim of this work.


Myxinidocotyle eptatreti n. sp. is described from the skin of the sixgill hagfish, Eptatretus hexatrema collected for exhibition at the Two Oceans Aquarium in Cape Town, South Africa. The new species is the first acanthocotylid described from South Africa and differs significantly from the only two known Myxinidocotyle species by the morphology of the sclerotised male copulatory tube and the presence of a diverticulated intestinal caecum. The subfamily diagnosis is amended to include a single seminal receptacle, found within the anterior concave portion of the ovary and excludes the vaginal seminis receptaculum which is considered the seminal vesicle. The vagina travels ventrally over the seminal vesicle and does not fuse with it bilaterally as originally proposed by Malmberg & Fernholm (1989). Myxinidocotyle spp. possess 8 or 9 testes. The proximal male accessory gland reservoirs are connected by an intricate network of fine ducts to the field of extensive male accessory gland cells extending along the length of the body proper. Observations on the locomotion and attachment of live worms in vitro are discussed and the presence of adhesive secretions is confirmed for the haptoral glands and anterior glands.


The Internet and the Web have quickly entered into habits and households. This breakthrough results from high technical ingenuity, find out how to respond effectively to the everincreasing user requests was a complex enigma. The performance of search engines needed to be improved to make them capable of quickly and automatically analyzing millions of web pages. What a challenge! At this stage, no Big Data concerns, in its current sense of massive data analysis. Nevertheless, the genesis of Big Data lies in this initial need to improve search engine efficiency; it is this link, named Hadoop, that we will discover in this mini-series of Posts #3. The following themes will be tackled:


Blast rice is a biological disaster in rice cultivation. Once it happens, it will reduce production at least up to 40-50%. In this study, the near-infrared hyper-spectral image was used to early detect blast rice at seedling stage. Samples were divided into two classes: infected samples and healthy samples. All of samples were imaged using Near-infrared hyper-spectral imaging system(900-1700nm). In order to detect disease, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model was built. The classification accuracy and precision of PCALDA model reach 0.92 and 0.862 on validation set. Meanwhile, five feature wavelengths (1188nm, 1339nm, 1377nm, 1432nm, 1614nm) were found and PCALDA classification model base on feature images was also built and discussed. The result showed it feasibility to early detect Rice Blast (Pyricularia) at seedling stage based on Near-infrared Hyper-Spectral Images in a quick and easy way.


DECLERATION I know the meaning of plagiarism and declare that all the work in the document, save for that which is properly acknowledged, is my own. This thesis/dissertation has been submitted to the Turnitin module (or equivalent similarity and originality checking software) and I confirm that my supervisor has seen my report and any concerns revealed by such have been resolved with my supervisor.


Remote operability and maintainability of vitrification equipment were assessed under shielded-cell conditions. The equipment tested will be applied to immobilize high-level and transuranic liquid waste slurries that resulted from plutonium production for defense weapons. Equipment tested included: (1) a turntable for handling waste canisters under the melter; (2) a removable discharge cone in the melter overflow section; (3) a thermocouple jumper that extends into a shielded cell; (4) remote instrument and electrical connectors; (5) remote, mechanical, and heat transfer aspects of the melter glass overflow section; (6) a reamer to clean out plugged nozzles in the melter top; (7) a closed circuit camera to view the melter interior; and (8) a device to retrieve samples of the glass product. 14 figs.


2 List of papers 4 Introduction 5 Purpose and objectives 8 Study area 9 Materials and methods 11 Approach 11 Selection of study areas and placement of plots within each study area 12 Recording of environmental variables 12 Recording of species composition and abundance 12 Recording of tree variables 13 Statistical analyses 13 Abstracts of Papers I – III 15s of Papers I – III 15 Paper I 15 Paper II 16 Paper III 17 Discussion of main results and general conclusions 18 Gradient structure of vegetation and the environmental variables 18 Changes in forest understorey vegetation, and underlying reasons 20 EFT models for single-tree influence on understorey vegetation 21 Conclusions and recommendations 22 References 25 Original papers I-III


Green, energy-saving, environmental protection and sustainable development have become the most popular buzzword and topic in science research. This paper presents the concept of generalized green computing and describes the limit and the range for it, including the research task and relationship. It analyzes and compares these researches on green computing. Problems of current topics are discussed, and finally future directions are proposed in this paper.


While double ion populations, with a cold population originating from the solar windand a hotter one from the magnetosphere, are frequently observed in the Earth's lowlatitudeboundary layers, simil ...


Biometric databases collect people's information and allow users to perform proximity searches (finding all records within a bounded distance of the query point) with few cryptographic protections. This work studies proximity searchable encryption applied to the iris biometric. Prior work proposed inner product functional encryption as a technique to build proximity biometric databases (Kim et al., SCN 2018). This is because binary Hamming distance is computable using an inner product. This work identifies and closes two gaps to using inner product encryption for biometric search: Biometrics naturally use long vectors often with thousands of bits. Many inner product encryption schemes generate a random matrix whose dimension scales with vector size and have to invert this matrix. As a result, setup is not feasible on commodity hardware unless we reduce the dimension of the vectors. We explore state of the art techniques to reduce the dimension of the iris biometric and show that all known techniques harm the accuracy of the resulting system. That is, for small vector sizes multiple unrelated biometrics are returned in the search. For length 64 vectors, at a 90% probability of the searched biometric being returned, 10% of stored records are erroneously returned on average. Rather than changing the feature extractor, we introduce a new cryptographic technique that allows one to generate several smaller matrices. For vectors of length 1024 this reduces time to run setup from 23 days to 4 minutes. At this vector length, for the same $90%$ probability of the searched biometric being returned, .02% of stored records are erroneously returned on average. Prior inner product approaches leak distance between the query and all stored records. We refer to these as distance-revealing. We show a natural construction from function hiding, secret-key, predicate, inner product encryption (Shen, Shi, and Waters, TCC 2009). Our construction only leaks access patterns, and which returned records are the same distance from the query. We refer to this scheme as distance-hiding. We implement and benchmark one distance-revealing and one distance-hiding scheme. The distance-revealing scheme can search a small (hundreds) database in 4 minutes while the distance-hiding scheme is not yet practical, requiring 3.5 hours.


Background: The levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) are increased in tubercular pleural effusion and its determination has acquired popularity as a diagnostic test which is inexpensive and is readily accessible. Pleural fluid ADA showed sensitivity (86.36%), specificity (61.54%), diagnostic accuracy (80.70%), positive predictive value (88.37%), and negative predictive value (82.42%) confirmed by pleural biopsy as a gold standard. Methodology: Our study was a prospective cross-sectional study which was conducted for three years at a tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan. The data were collected and analyzed using IBM statistics SPSS vs21. Results: There were 52 patients included in our study. Twenty one were males and thirty one were females. Most patients presented with shortness of breath. There was a significant association found between raised ADA levels and pulmonary tuberculosis (p < 0.05). The ADA levels are 12 times more likely to be raised in tubercular pleural effusion. Conclusion: The ADA level is an important marker for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in lymphocytic pleural effusion. It is a convenient and an inexpensive method. The ADA levels assessment is economical when compared to other diagnostic methods.


The optimum scheme of cabbage planting both in the first and the second year of plant life are determined. This scheme provides the high yield of cabbage and its seeds.


Over the last decade, there has been some evidence reported on humans from both field-based and laboratory-based research that exercise exerts phase-shifting effects on the body clock. Following a recently published update on whether exercise is a significant synchroniser of human circadian rhythms, the aims of this review are to consider the possibility that exercise acts as a zeitgeber in accord with a phase response curve, and suggest applications of this knowledge to investigate further rhythm disturbances such as shift-work and jet lag. The application of exercise as a treatment in the field for rhythm disruption (for example, after jet lag and when there is shift-work intolerance) has been hampered somewhat from lack of control of competing zeitgebers (e.g. light), exercise characteristics (such as mode, intensity and duration), and athletic status of the research participants (from sedentary individuals to Olympic athletes). Standardisation of these factors is needed for evidence-based advice of a practical nature to be provided to travellers or shift-workers. Data from laboratory-based experiments completed in the last 10 years have also been affected by lack of control of the above factors and have the additional problem of how best to control for the pronounced direct (masking) effects of exercise. Nevertheless, it is now known that exercise bouts of quite varied durations and intensities can mediate phase shifts, independently from those produced by light, in populations heterogeneous in terms of fitness and age. More research is still needed to elucidate more fully (i) a phase response curve for exercise that is robust and does not depend on the type of marker used for assessing phase (secretory products or body temperature) and (ii) the mechanisms producing any phase shifts.


Brachial and aortic cardiovascular pressure waveforms taken from the literature and from New York Hospital patients were subjected to Fourier analysis to determine the harmonic spectrum. The comput...