Within the conservation and production objectives that form the current Farm Bill, there are a range of options that encourage uniquely tailored farm plans for each farm and landowner (LO) situation. In this attempt to predict use of one option, the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), three broad setP of farm structure variables were employed. These were farming scale, planning horizon, and farm specialization. A two-stage systematic sample of 437 farm parcels from county ASCS lists resulted in 187 land own^ interviews for discriminant analysis. Participation in CRP was most discriminated by two farm size variables--crop acres and gross farm income. Among CRP participants, prediction of forestry versus permanent pasture options was dominated by planning horizon variables. Among non-users, lack of information was most discriminated by LOs specializing in nonruminant animal production, and farms located in the most urbanized county (Montgomery). However, the poorly informed were negatively discriminated by crop and soybean acres. While the discriminating variables were different in each analysis, about 80 percent of the cases were correctly classified in each of the three dimensions of CRP participation by the discriminant function based on the seven independent variables. While farmers may have fewer degrees-of-freedom to farm as they please under the 1985 and subsequent farm bills, there are still several "voluntary" options combining conservation and production objectives. Participation in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) rather than an alternative is therefore still likely to depend heavily upon farm and farmer characteristics. Farm owners


The most widely held view is that there is a transient reduction in blood flow due to vasospasm. Migraine is strongly associated with ischaemic stroke in women, particularly amongst current heavy smokers (odds ratio 10.2) and amongst those using oral contraceptives (odds ratio 13.9)3. Smoking may promote platelet aggregation4. The retina can be thought of as part of the central nervous system and these odds ratios may be applicable here. Vascular complications such as myocardial infarction and central retinal vein thrombosis have been found to occur almost four times as often in patients with purely monocular visual symptoms in migraine as in patients with more classical migraine symptoms5. Systemic beta-adrenergic blocking agents have been used in migraine prophylaxis despite their peripheral vasoconstrictive side-effects, and the apparent absence of adrenergic receptors in the retinal arterioles6. The overall effect on ocular blood flow of reduction in systemic blood pressure and intraocular pressure has yet to be elucidated. It is probable that patients with ocular migraine are at increased risk of developing permanent visual loss, especially if there are other risk factors for vascular complications. These have to be quantified but patients should certainly be warned to stop smoking.


This work introduces a class of voltage references able to operate down to 3.2 pW and 0.2-V supply for energy harvesting with relaxed or suppressed voltage regulation (direct harvesting). Inherent wafer-to-wafer process sensitivity limitations and effect of process corners in deep sub-threshold are mitigated via a selection/combination of circuit replicas driven by a process sensor, at zero testing effort and trimming. A 180-nm testchip shows 1.6% process sensitivity (including wafer-to-wafer variations), 60.7-µV/V line sensitivity, and 34.9-µ V/°C temperature coefficient, leading to 1.4-mV overall accuracy across corner wafers.


By means of Grobner basis techniques algorithms for solving various problems concerning subfields K(g):=K(g1, ?,gm) of a rational function field K(x):=K(x1, ?,xn) are derived: computing canonical generating sets, deciding field membership, computing the degree and separability degree resp. the transcendence degree and a transcendence basis of K(x)/K(g), deciding whetherf?K(x) is algebraic or transcendental over K(g), computing minimal polynomials, and deciding whether K(g) contains elements of a "particular structure", e.g. monic univariate polynomials of fixed degree. The essential idea is to reduce these problems to questions concerning an ideal of a polynomial ring; connections between minimal primary decompositions over K(x) of this ideal and intermediate fields of K(g) and K(x) are given. In the last section some practical considerations concerning the use of the algorithms are discussed.


In modern days, person-computer communication systems have gradually penetrated our lives. One of the crucial technologies in person-computer communication systems, Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) technology, permits machines to correctly recognize emotions and greater understand users' intent and human-computer interlinkage. The main objective of the SER is to improve the human-machine interface.It is also used to observe a person's psychological condition by lie detectors. Speech recognition has been used in medicine and forensic medicine.Automatic Speech Emotion Recognition(SER) is vital in the person-computer interface, but SER has challenges for accurate recognition.In this work to resolve the above problem, automatic Speech enhancement shows that deep learning techniques effectively eliminate background noise.Using Deep leaning models for four states were created: happy, sad, angry, and intoxicated. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) algorithm used to reduce the possibility of over fitting by randomly omitting neurons in the hidden layers. For accurate classification results, preprocessing filters extract voice and non-voice features from speech. Then feature selection is extracting the speech relevant features to predict accurate results.The proposed RNN method could be implemented in personal assistant systems to give better and more appropriate state-based interactions between humans. In the simulation results shows Improving accuracy, Time complexity, Error rate is also reduced to using the proposed method.


We would like to thank the Board of Directors of the Spanish Association of Digestive Ultrasound (AEED) for their interest in our paper. We agree with them about the relevance of digestive ultrasound in the management of patients with a digestive pathology. In our article, we stated as follows: "These standards do not include all digestive units, processes and procedures within the scope of gastroenterology and hepatology. This report is focused on the most relevant quality standards or those with available standards developed by other national or international scientific-medical societies. The process of developing standards for UD units, processes and procedures must be progressive, based on the scientific evidence available at the time. The scope of these standards will also be extended to a greater number of monographic units, processes and procedures."


Cyberdyne is a distributed system that discovers vulnerabilities in third-party, off-the-shelf binary programs. It competed in all rounds of DARPA's Cyber Grand Challenge (CGC). In the qualifying event, Cyberdyne was the second most effective bug-finding system. In the final event, it was the bug-finding arm of the fourth-place team. Since then, Cyberdyne has been successfully applied during commercial code audits. The first half of this article describes the evolution and implementation of Cyberdyne and its bug-finding tools. The second half of the article looks at what it took to have Cyberdyne audit real applications and how we performed the first paid automated security audit for the Mozilla Secure Open Source Fund. We conclude with a discussion about the future of automated security audits.


The largest outbreak of Ebola virus continues unabated in West Africa. With the recent death of a patient with Ebola virus disease at a hospital in Dallas, Texas, and the sobering reality that nosocomial spread has occurred in a U.S. facility, U.S. medical centers are coming to grips with the need to prepare for care of patients with this devastating disease. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has developed a hospital preparedness checklist, and the latest guidelines continue to express confidence that patients with Ebola can be cared for safely in a conventional medical facility by using barrier methods (standard, contact, and droplet precautions) as the primary means of protecting medical staff (1, 2). Recent experience with several Ebola-infected patients in the United States provides validation that such patients can be cared for safely in a facility that is adequately prepared. Since the first reported outbreaks of Marburg (1967) and Ebola (1976), there has been an evolution in our thinking about the optimal personal protective measures for medical staff caring for patients infected with these viruses. From 1972 to 2010, a high-level containment care (HLCC) unit at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), often called the slammer, was considered the gold standard for such care. The unit's engineering controls were modeled after a biosafety level4 (BSL-4) laboratory, with positive-pressure space suits, compressed in-line air, HEPA filtration, a decontamination shower, ultraviolet light pass boxes, an airlock, and antiseptic dunk tanks for movement of items in and out of the containment area. Toilet waste was discharged into the laboratory sewer system, and the facility possessed its own autoclave, operating room, and bedside laboratory. These built-in capabilities significantly reduced logistics challenges and provided reassurance that nosocomial spread could be reduced to near zero. Given the relatively high percentage of caregivers who have died of filoviral and other BSL-4 virus infections in the field, and the prior uncertainty in whether such high infection rates might be caused by droplet or airborne spread, utilization of such a containment facility seemed reasonable. Although used on occasion to quarantine field workers potentially exposed to highly hazardous viruses, the unit was used primarily for isolating individuals exposed to a BSL-4 virus in the laboratory. During the unit's 38 years of operation, 21 patients were quarantined after potential exposuresand none became ill (3). Over time, we learned that the spread of filoviruses occurs primarily by direct contact with blood and body fluids (1). Thus, it was determined that a patient care facility with the full panoply of BSL-4 laboratorylike features was no longer needed. The facility was decommissioned and refurbished as a training facility for scientists working in the institute's containment laboratories. If the USAMRIID HLCC is no longer needed because patients with filoviruses may be managed safely using barrier methods, one might ask whether any HLCC or biocontainment patient facilities are needed at all (4). Currently, 4 such facilities exist in the United States, operating at a higher level of containment (and possessing more sophisticated engineering controls) than a conventional hospital isolation room but lacking some BSL-4 features present in the USAMRIID HLCC: Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; Saint Patrick's Hospital, Missoula, Montana; and the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland. All except the University of Nebraska serve as referral centers for laboratories that work with BSL-4 viruses. Although patients infected with such diseases as Lassa and Marburg have been safely managed in conventional settings, the serious nature of filoviral and arenaviral infections, their rarity and unfamiliarity to clinicians in developed settings, the lack of effective treatments and vaccines, their propensity to infect health care staff, and the infection control challenges they present argue for, in our opinion, specialized containment and treatment facilities. As many medical centers are no doubt learning in their preparation drills, caring for patients with filovirus and arenavirus infections in a conventional setting presents enormous challenges (5), many of which can be mitigated through the use of specialized facilities with highly trained staff practiced in the nuanced art of safely delivering HLCC. However, even in such facilities, it is impossible to completely engineer out human error, eliminate the risk for sharps or needlestick injury, or prevent inadvertent contact contamination. Care for such patients in a conventional setting, therefore, is more than checklists and standard operating procedures. The training, policies, procedures, and logistics necessary for the provision of such care are significant, cannot be assumed, are optimally in place well in advance of actual need, and must be continually reinforced through repetitious training. Every piece of the care continuum must be well-choreographed with significant attention to detail. At a minimum, preparations must be made for patient entry and movement pathways, optimal patient location and access control, safe donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE), handling and testing laboratory specimens, disposal of significant volumes of waste, safe and unexpected cleanup of spills and bodily waste, and minimizing use of sharps. Donning and doffing PPE need to be regimented and monitored, with plans in place for peer policing. Lapses inevitably occur in infection control routines in conventional medical settings, but once a patient enters the facility, there is no margin for error. Significant risk for infection control errors occurs especially during doffing potentially contaminated PPE (6). While the physical features of high-containment isolation units like that previously housed at USAMRIID (3) are formidable, low-tech measures, such as checklists and the use of doffing partners, may be as important to optimizing the safety of health care workers, whether in an HLCC unit or in a conventional facility. Owing to the very limited number of existing HLCC beds and the fact that patients with highly contagious diseases can present unannounced, conventional facilities may be required to triage these patients and even provide definitive care, despite the enormous challenges they would inevitably face. Immediate and thorough preparation is thus imperative. Despite this necessary reliance on conventional facilities, we recognize the challenges inherent in maintaining a high nationwide state of readiness over the long term. Hence, we envision the need for a network of strategically located regional referral centers serving designated catchment areas tied to BSL-4 laboratories or airport quarantine stations. As such, transport of patients to these referral centers would constitute the preferred clinical option (4). These units would be associated with major medical centers and provide day-to-day routine care, but they would have the capability for rapid conversion to an HLCC unit without adversely affecting their primary activities. These could serve as national resources, coordinated through the Department of Health and Human Services and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with certification (much like trauma centers) to provide a higher level of care. As such, their focus would be on continuous preparation for the next emerging outbreak.


This paper describes a corporate sector vulnerability indicator, the expected number of defaults (END), based on the joint occurrence of defaults among a number of firms and/or institutions. The END indicator is general enough to assess systemic risk in the corporate and financial sectors, as well as systemic sovereign risk; and is also forward looking as it is constructed using information implied by financial securities prices. Using equity prices and balance-sheet data, we calculate the END to assess systemic risk in the corporate sector in Korea, Malaysia, and Thailand. We also discuss how the END systemic risk indicator overcomes some of the shortcomings of other vulnerability indicators.


The $\boldsymbol{\beta}$-model for random graphs is commonly used for representing pairwise interactions in a network with degree heterogeneity. Going beyond pairwise interactions, Stasi et al. (2014) introduced the hypergraph $\boldsymbol{\beta}$-model for capturing degree heterogeneity in networks with higher-order (multi-way) interactions. In this paper we initiate the rigorous study of the hypergraph $\boldsymbol{\beta}$-model with multiple layers, which allows for hyperedges of different sizes across the layers. To begin with, we derive the rates of convergence of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimate and establish their minimax rate optimality. We also derive the limiting distribution of the ML estimate and construct asymptotically valid confidence intervals for the model parameters. Next, we consider the goodness-of-fit problem in the hypergraph $\boldsymbol{\beta}$-model. Specifically, we establish the asymptotic normality of the likelihood ratio (LR) test under the null hypothesis, derive its detection threshold, and also its limiting power at the threshold. Interestingly, the detection threshold of the LR test turns out to be minimax optimal, that is, all tests are asymptotically powerless below this threshold. The theoretical results are further validated in numerical experiments. In addition to developing the theoretical framework for estimation and inference for hypergraph $\boldsymbol{\beta}$-models, the above results fill a number of gaps in the graph $\boldsymbol{\beta}$-model literature, such as the minimax optimality of the ML estimates and the non-null properties of the LR test, which, to the best of our knowledge, have not been studied before.


Three ae gene donor parents and eight maize inbred lines BC1F1,BC1F2 of 24 cross were used to test the kilo-grain weightiness and amylase starch content of inbred lines and BC1F1,BC1F2 of different donor backcross.The results showed that amylase starch content of most cross increased in BC1F2,instead,kilo-grain weightiness decreased in BC1F2.In the front material of backcross,there was no significant difference.Different donor gene ae had noticeable expression with difference recurrent parent under different genetic background.It was initial to select recurrent parent which was beneficial to express gene ae.


Amodiaquine (AQ) is routinely prescribed as an anti‐malarial drug. Here, we evaluated AQ‐induced toxicity in the male reproductive system. Eighty adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups that received distilled water (control) or daily doses of 5 mg/kg body weight, 10 mg/kg, or 15 mg/kg AQ for 2 weeks. Testes morphology was analyzed using hematoxylin‐and‐eosin staining, terminal dUTP nicked‐end labeling (TUNEL), and immunostaining whereas protein expression was determined by Western blotting. AQ dose‐dependently led to abnormal spermatogenesis. Disruption of the blood‐testis barrier and increased germ cell apoptosis were observed in all three AQ‐treated groups. Interestingly, AQ‐induced damage of spermatogenesis recovered over time, based on the survival of promyelocytic leukemia zinc‐finger (PLZF)‐positive, undifferentiated spermatogonia. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as testicular testosterone levels, were not significantly altered in AQ‐treated groups compared with controls. Collectively, our study suggests that AQ exerts substantial acute side effects on the reproductive systems of adult male rats by inducing the apoptosis of differentiating spermatogenic cells and disruption of blood‐testis barrier function. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 174–182, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Connivance of cellular factors during virus‐host cell membrane fusion is poorly understood. We have recently shown that cellular villin plays an important role during membrane fusion of reconstituted Sendai virosomes with hepatocytes. Here, we employed villin‐null Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, where villin expression led to an increased fusion with virosomes, which was further enhanced due to tyrosine phosphorylation in the presence of c‐src. However, the villin RRI mutant, lacking actin‐severing function, failed to augment membrane fusion. Furthermore, quantitative mass spectrometry and detailed analysis revealed Tyr499 to be the key phosphorylation site of villin responsible for the enhancement of virosome‐CHO cell fusion. Overall, our results demonstrate a critical role for villin and its cell‐type dependent phosphorylation in regulating membrane fusion.


The rhizome of Cyperus rotundus was assessed for its cytoprotective effects against ethanol induced gastric damage. Decoctions of Rhizoma Cyperi were given orally (1.25, 2.5, 4.0 g crude drug/kg) to rats 30 min before ethanol (40% v/v, 10 mL/kg) was administered. The decoction showed an ulcer inhibitory effect in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, the activity was also observed when the decoction was given subcutaneously (0.3–0.6 g/kg), suggesting that the herb possessed systemic effects on protecting the stomach. Compared with controls, gastric motility of the ethanol‐treated rats was delayed significantly by either oral (2.5–4.0 g/kg) or subcutaneous (0.3 g/kg) administration of the decoction. Pretreatment of rats with indomethacin (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced the gastric protective action of C. rotundus. Mucus content in the stomach was not affected by administration of the docoction. The findings in this study suggest that the protective action of C. rotundus is related to its inhibition of gastric motility and endogeneous prostaglandins may play an important role. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Urdu poetry has an extensive  history of Elegiac literature .Mohsin Naqvi is a great name in Urdu poetry.  Along with the diversity of topics in his poetry, a beautiful style and softness of tone is also prominent. He tried all genres of poetry but Elegy is his speciality. He is considered one of the great poets of  elegy. In his elegies, the element of love and devotion to the Prophet(PBUH) and his family is prominent. The effects of the elegy on  his all genres of poetry are significant. Mohsin,s entire poetry is embded in the elegiac environment,as his system of symbolism, metaphorical representation and similes point out towards new meaningness associated with Elegies.
 In this article, an attempt has been made to shed light on the same poetic influences in Mohsin Naqvi's poetry


Abstract The importance is discussed of experimental studies of the metal-insulator transition induced by a magnetic field in systems that exhibit an anomalous critical exponent in the absence of a field. Comments are presented on the search for the intrinsic field-driven behaviour in an example of such a system (Ge:Sb), including some of the difficulties.


Space position-fixing techniques have been investigated by collecting data on the observable phenomena of space flight that could be used to solve the problem of autonomous navigation by the use of optical data and manual computations to calculate the position of a spacecraft. After completion of the developmental and test phases, the product of the experiment would be a manual-optical technique of orbital space navigation that could be used as a backup to onboard and ground-based spacecraft-navigation systems.


The objective of this communication is to present the most significant aspects of the teaching experience carried out in the Geography of Europe of the first year in Geography and Territory Management degree in the Seville University during the year 2014/2015. The experiment consisted in designing, implementing and evaluating a new methodology for the teaching and learning of active character, autonomous and based on problems (in English New Education in Works, paraphrasing, New Method based on jobs). The NEW methodology is opposed and replaces Traditional Teaching Methods (MDT) that is commonly used in the teaching of the subjects of Geography of descriptive type or general.


We report on our recent approaches focused on the formation of a new class of subwavelength scale self-bending light beams, discovered in 2015, in application to in-plane surface plasmon. For the particle with broken symmetry (Janus particle) the morphology of the field localization area depends on the orientation of the particle that resembles the two faces of "Janus bifrons". Photonic hook (PH) light do not propagate along straight line but instead follow curved trajectory. Wavefront analysis of such asymmetric mesoscale structure reveals that the unequal phase of the transmitted plane wave results in the irregularly concave deformation of the wavefront inside the structure that then leads to creation of the PH. Such dielectric structures enabling the realization of ultracompact wavelength-scaled and wavelength selective new inplane nanophotonic components.


A clinical and radiological study has been carried out to highlight signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction in a sample of 66 adult patients suffering from chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Data were quantified on the basis of Helkimo indices. Prevalence proved significantly high, particularly as regards joint crepitus, reduced mandibular mobility, pain in the masticatory muscles and macroglossia. It did not seem to be linked to age. Rather it presented a definite predominance of the female sex, confirmed by comparison with a sample of nonrheumatic controls. Contemporaneous X-ray examination showed a bilateral location, in many cases remodelling and reabsorption of the condyle, an increase in the articular space and erosion of the fossa, at times reduction in the space and sclerosis, dependent on a superimposed degenerative arthrosis (usually more painful). Generally speaking, however, there was a coincidence between severity of clinical dysfunction and seriousness of the morphological lesions whereas subjective symptoms were relatively independent. The need for polyspecialistic cooperation and a multidisciplinary therapeutic approach is reiterated.


ABSTRACT The evolution of starch synthase (SS) has been extensively analysed in the model plant rice, but there have been few detailed studies directed towards exploring the intron splicing variant effect on the divergence of the SS gene. We report here an example that the alternative splicing of a GC-AG intron induced a new splicing isoform of SSII-1 expressed in Oryza sativa japonica cultivar Zhonghua-15. In addition, a GT-AG intron flanking the alternative splicing GC-AG intron was simultaneously spliced at an incorrect position, inducing another intron fragment gained in mature SSII-1 RNA. Moreover, when a GT-AG intron from SSII-3 was artificially mutated into the GC-AG intron, a 28 bp fragment from the intron added to the mature RNA could be observed in transgenic rice. In this study, the alternative intron splicing of the GC-AG intron might offer more variants for genetic divergence of the starch synthase gene family in rice.


Large grains in gravel-bed rivers exert a distinctive influence upon fluvial morphodynamics and flow resistance. Lag deposits are immobile during channel-forming flows. They are products of historical contingency; sourced from river geomorphic and anthropogenic disturbance events that supply atypically coarse material to a river. Such materials cannot be reworked by a river's contemporary processes. Lag deposits from material sourced from the reworking of material deposited during lahars are emblematic attributes of the Tongariro River, New Zealand. The influence of large grain lag deposits on fluvial morphodynamics at bar heads can be conceptualised across time and space. These materials influence sediment entrainment and transport, hydraulics and habitat, geomorphic unit assemblage and persistence, and long profile evolution. Further recognition of the role of large grain lag deposits is required when assessing landform stability, incorporating the influence of past events within multi-grain size numerical morphodynamic models of landscape evolution


Regional magnetic, gravity, and gamma‐ray data in Nevada were analyzed using a multivariate statistical method. The algorithms used are part of the public‐domain Geographical Resource Analysis Support System (GRASS). Twenty‐seven statistical groups (clusters) were found to be the optimum number that best represents the geophysical data. The resulting map of the distribution of these groups shows linear features which define a geophysical trend not previously recognized. This trend is clearly related to the northern Nevada rift and extends from near the northern border of Nevada to the southern part of the State with a northwest‐southeast trend to about 37°N latitude, where a change of direction occurs to a northeast‐southwest trend. Although not spatially coincident, the Roberts Mountains Thrust, the Golconda Thrust, and the 0.706 contour of the 87Sr/86Sr ratio exhibit similar trends over part of their lengths. The significance of this geophysical trend is uncertain. One possible interpretation is that it...


Chemistry is an important part of the curriculum for pharmacy students, as there are many disciplines within chemistry that are actually involved in the design and development of drugs, namely; general chemistry, synthetic organic chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry (or therapeutic chemistry), pharma-cognosy and materials chemistry for the design of dosage forms. The learning of chemistry by pharmacy students is generally in fl uenced by their perception of theoretical courses, tutorials or practical work. In order to evaluate this perception, we conducted a cross-sectional study based on an anonymous electronic questionnaire distributed to students of all the Moroccan Faculty of Pharmacy over a period between January and March 2022. A total of 151 responses were received of which 78.1% were women. The results show that the majority of students are satis fi ed with theoretical courses (68.2%), tutorials (75.5%) and practical work (91.4%), lectures (74.2%), and fl ipped classrooms (33.1%). Pharmacy students also see a logical and coherent progression of theoretical teaching from one year to the next (72.1%). The majority of pharmacy students are satis fi ed with the chemistry courses they have received, but they are not very motivated by the e-learning methods, especially the fl ipped classrooms.


The paper is a technical analysis of the security infrastructure in the field of RFID technology. The paper briefly discusses the architecture of the RFID technology. Then it analyses the various features and advantages RFID technology has over the existing technologies like bar codes. This is followed by a discussion of the various disadvantages and security drawbacks of RFID technology that prevents its widespread adoption in the mainstream market. The paper concludes with a brief analysis of some of the security measures that are implemented within the RFID technology for securing up the whole infrastructure. The main aim of the paper is to focus on the drawbacks of the pre-existing security measures in RFID technology as well as to discuss the direction in which further research has to be carried out without the compromise on its unique features.


Analysis techniques, a design procedure and design data are described for passenger vehicle, simply supported, single span and multiple span elevated guideway structures. Analyses and computer programs are developed to determine guideway deflections, moments and stresses and vehicle accelerations resulting from a two-dimensional vehicle with finite pad length front and rear suspensions traversing a multispan elevated guideway. A preliminary design procedure is described to estimate guideway beam structural requirements so that a vehicle-guideway system will meet specified levels of passenger comfort. Design data for 150 mph and 300 mph intercity 40,000, 80,000 and 120,000 lb. air cushion vehicle single and multiple span (span lengths of 50 to 150 ft.) guideways is summarized. For both urban and intercity operating regimes, the data indicate that improvements in the vehicle suspension and the use of multiple span structures rather than single span structures may result in reduced guideway material requirements.


In the Ryukyu Island Arc, bioclastic sands containing foraminifera, e.g. Baculogypsina and Calcarina with spines on their tests, are abundant in sands of beaches and reefs. Attrition of the spines of Baculogypsina and Calcarina clarifies habitat and dispersion of these foraminifera at Yoshihara reef in Ishigakijima, where water flow clearly exists due to a distinct channel in the reef flat. At Sesokojima reef where no distinct channel exists, the method of using the attrition of spines on these bioclastic sands is applicable for evaluating transport courses of the bioclastic sands. This method provides a clue to elucidate gain and loss of beach sands in reefal coasts of the Ryukyu Island Arc.


Aiming at papers published in Hydrographic Surveying and Charting in 2010,this paper concluded and analyzed the development status about each subject of hydrographic surveying and charting such as hydrographic surveying,charting and geographic spatial information,coast and ocean remote sensing,tide observation et al.Wish to provide references for the engineers in hydrographic surveying and charting.


Requirements and Resources for All New Jersey Districts (Non-Pilot) (pp. 2-6) o Deadlines (p. 2) o Educator Practice Evaluation Instruments: State Approval/District Selection (pp. 2-3) o TEACHNJ Act (Tenure Law) Items (pp. 3-5)  New Timelines: Who is Covered (p. 3)  Mentoring for New and Experienced Teachers (pp. 3-4)  School Improvement Panel Formation, Activities, and Links to Professional Development (p. 4) Appendix A: Snapshot of District and School Committees (p. 9)  FAQ (p. 4) o Update on Additional Policy Guidance (pp. 4-5) o Best Practices from the Field: Hunterdon County (p. 5)


The purpose of the work is to analyze the specific features of a widow's image and status on the Bible pages, to consider semantic contexts of an image, to follow the parallels between the images of an orphan and a widow, to conceive a loneliness phenomenon and orphans' and widows' protection in Biblical tradition. Axiological variety and poly vector spiritual and semantic representation of Biblical women'images are the main focuses of the issue. Methodologically the issue is based on the original source of the Bible. The work is based on methodical description of the women'images, who are selected from the Old and New Testament in order to highlight valued features of each image. Moreover, the methods of semantic analysis and hermeneutics are applied to consider semantic differences. The principles of comparative analysis are applied in order to reveal the traits of a widow's image in the blocks of historical texts and compare Ukrainian context of widows' existence with biblical one. Scientific novelty is in the poly semantic analysis of the women'Biblical context and widows' images separation with further analysis of their fates, valued statuses, which allowed them to embody the problems of motherhood and marriage, future children birth and solitude, the problem of divine protection in different ways. The issue is devoted to the consideration of symbolic and axiological poly vector transformations of the mentioned problems. Conclusions. The social polarity and spiritual separation of a widow's place and role in ancient tradition, and poly vector semantics of a widow's Biblical context are conceived. The attention is drawn to the varied …


1. A case of solitary plasmocytoma of bone with survival for twenty-two years after amputation is described. 2. Recent follow-up of a previous tumour reported from this department by Stewart and Taylor in 1932 has shown survival for thirty-five years after amputation. 3. These two instances of long survival, together with three culled from the literature, substantiate the hitherto doubted concept of a true solitary plasmocytoma of bone.


Ms. Fafard describes two major legislative changes in Massachusetts that have the potential to deal effectively with growing concerns about special and general education in that state. In 1972 the educational services provided by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts for students with disabilities could best be described as fragmented, underfunded, highly segregated, unreliable, and driven by professional interest. Three thousand students with mental retardation had been placed in large state institutions where they were receiving minimal educational support. Public schools were unclear about their responsibility to educate students with disabilities and, too often, had insufficient numbers of professionals, programs. and classrooms to provide the necessary services. A shared sense of alarm about these educational conditions united parents, teachers, legislators, and advocates to work together to create Chapter 766. Chapter 766, the Massachusetts special education law. was hailed as a national model for meeting the educational needs of children and youths with disabilities. The basic tenets of the law were praised as progressive, if not revolutionary, in remedying past inadequacies and inequities. Today, more than 20 years later, the results of the law's implementation are impressive. Of all students with special needs, 96.5% receive educational services in public schools, 3.5% attend private day or residential programs, and no students with mental retardation under the age of 21 are in state institutions. These conditions were achieved while fiscal support for education in the Commonwealth was slowly diminishing as a result of caps on property taxes and the state budget. Yet, despite such changes, there remains strong and pervasive concern over special education. Many people appear dissatisfied with what Chapter 766 has - or hasn't - accomplished. There are those today who believe that the law has not yet achieved its basic promise of ensuring that students with special needs are educated together with their peers in regular education. Others, however, contend that Chapter 766 has done too much, at too great a cost, and has negatively affected the quality of education available to regular education students. Driving these crosscurrents of opinion is the fact that the number of students identified as in need of special education has grown 1% to 2% per year since 1981. Today, 17% of the school-age population is served in special education - the highest percentage in the nation. Not surprisingly, the cost of special education continues to increase steadily, with transportation and residential tuition costs becoming alarmingly high. In 1992 state and local expenditures were $70 million for transportation, while approximately $53 million went for residential costs for 830 students. Finally, enrollment data indicate that nearly one of every four students in special education is attending special classes or special day or residential schools for 60% or more of his or her day, a 209% increase in the number of students in such settings in the past 15 years. All of this has caused a serious backlash at local and state levels and has put pressure on state leaders to "fix" special education. Since the mid-1980s, there have been four major state-sponsored studies of special education carried out by various levels of government. While some believe that simple solutions exist (e.g., stricter eligibility criteria. increased funding, full inclusion, elimination of rules and regulations), all the state-sponsored studies noted that special education problems were intricately tied to the health and well-being of general education. In 1991 the legislature passed Proposition 2 1/2. …


Building a secure system requires proactive, rigorous analysis of the threats to which it might be exposed, followed by systematic transformation of those threats into security-related requirements. These requirements can then be tracked throughout the development life cycle. The Web extra at https://youtu.be/77FTWWj1clk is an audio podcast of author Jane Cleland-Huang reading her column.


MONTREAL, QUEBEC (GlobeNewswire – September 22, 2020) PyroGenesis Canada Inc. (http://pyrogenesis.com) (TSX-V: PYR) (OTCQB: PYRNF) (FRA: 8PY), a high-tech company, (the "Company", the "Corporation" or "PyroGenesis") that designs, develops, manufactures and commercializes plasma atomized metal powder, plasma waste-to-energy systems and plasma torch systems, unveils today, at its Annual and Special Meeting of Shareholders, a strategy to become a global on-site dross processor delivering zero-landfill/reduced carbon, and further underscored how DROSRITETM reduces greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.


The problem of identifying the k-Nearest Neighbors (kNNS) of a point has proven to be very useful both as a standalone application and as a subroutine in larger applications. Given its far-reaching applicability in areas such as machine learning and point clouds, extensive research has gone into leveraging GPU acceleration to solve this problem. Recent work has shown that using Ray Tracing cores in recent GPUs to accelerate kNNS is much more efficient compared to traditional acceleration using shader cores. However, the existing translation of kNNS to a ray tracing problem imposes a constraint on the search space for neighbors. Due to this, we can only use RT cores to accelerate fixed-radius kNNS, which requires the user to set a search radius a priori and hence can miss neighbors. In this work, we propose TrueKNN, the first unbounded RT-accelerated neighbor search. TrueKNN adopts an iterative approach where we incrementally grow the search space until all points have found their k neighbors. We show that our approach is orders of magnitude faster than existing approaches and can even be used to accelerate fixed-radius neighbor searches.


In this thesis I describe the development of an apparatus for performing attosecond photoelectron measurements in condensed matter, and the completion of attosecond streaking measurements on metal films using the apparatus. A commercial Ti:sapphire chirped pulse amplification laser system was used to generate 28 fs, 2.5mJ pulses with a central wavelength of 790 nm and a 1 kHz repetition rate. These pulses were post-compressed using a hollow fibre system. The resulting few-cycle pulses had sub-4 fs duration, and 0.4mJ energy. Diagnostics performed on the hollow fibre system revealed ionisation induced carrier-envelope phase fluctuations at input pulse energies in excess of 1mJ. These fluctuations were avoided for attosecond experiments by careful choice of the experimental parameters. The few-cycle pulses were used to generate isolated attosecond pulses through high-harmonic generation, in an amplitude-gating scheme. An ultra-high vacuum compatible two-part extreme-ultraviolet multilayer mirror setup was developed for attosecond streaking measurements on surfaces. The base pressure in the experimental chamber is 3× 10−9 mbar. Attosecond streaking measurements were performed on amorphous WO3 and polycrystalline Au, without any prior surface cleaning. The results indicate the applicability of attosecond streaking to a very general class of solid state samples. In WO3 the 4f photoemission precedes the valence photoemission by 140 ± 190 as. In gold, possible signatures of plasmon dynamics were detected.


death. The primary gross lesion noted in the chicks submitted was moderate to severe pulmonary congestion. The lungs of four of these chicks sank in formalin, and blood-tinged fluid was noted in the mouth and nares of two chicks. The microscopic lesions noted in the affected chicks were moderate to severe pulmonary edema and congestion. The diagnosis indicated to the submitter was that pulmonary edema caused by exposure to an unidentified noxious gas caused the death of the chicks. The poultry house environment was tested for sulfur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and volatile organic compounds (as produced by combustion engines); all tests were negative for significant levels of these compounds. A second broiler flock was placed in the same facility and the mortality at 6 wk was 11%, which was greater than the 2.5%-4.7% mortality seen in the previous four flocks on the farm. Further investigation revealed that the only change in management practice in this facility prior to the onset of the severe mortality problem was the replacement of 48 heat lamp bulbs (one for each pen). The new heat lamp bulbs were polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated. PTFE gas intoxication has been reported in several exotic avian species, but this intoxication has not been previously reported in a poultry flock.


【Studies on landscape ecology have focused on conceptual aspects, while empirical focus for spatial planning has been rarely conducted. This study conducted an empirical analysis to enhance landscape ecological performance of urban developments using landscape ecology. To do so, concrete criteria and standards to analyze structural, functional and variational mechanisms of urban landscape ecology were developed. An integrated landscape ecology assessment model that can be applied to urban development planning was established by combining the criteria. Next, Landscape Ecological Management System (LEMS) was developed to implement an integrated assessment using GIS. To verify the effectiveness of the system, a case study was conducted using LEMS on Byulnae City in the Seoul Metropolitan Area. The LEMS can be useful for urban planners and policy makers in their selection of desirable planning alternatives. Moreover, the LEMS developed in this study can be a useful tool for academia in terms of the implementation of further related studies, and for planning professionals in their environmental impact assessment tasks.】


Swift heavy ions (SHI) have velocities around or above the velocity of K-shell electrons, which corresponds to energies ranging from a few MeV/amu to about 100 MeV/amu. They interact with matter mainly by inelastic collision processes leading to ionization of the target atoms and excitations of the target electrons: Nearly all of the SHI energy is lost in the electronic stopping power (dE/dx)e range. Most of the work concerning SHI effects in materials concern biological matter and materials insensitive to radiation damage processes such as metals or metallic oxides. On the contrary, few studies have been published concerning high (dE/dx)e effects in radiolysis sensitive materials such as polymers. This contribution deals with the chemical effects induced by SHI in polymers, but also other fluorinated polymers, polyethylene, polystyrene. Several kind of defects are created. The influence of irradiation parameters is presented. Different evolutions when (dE/dx)e increases is observed. Some defects are specific of SHI and thus appear only at high (dE/dx)e. Some see the yield of creation increased on high (dX/dx)e while others are so easily formed that increasing the (dE/dx)e does not affect their yield.


This article examines the emerging challenges in modeling and analyzing the electric power system due to the widespread growth of variable renewable energy (VRE), particularly in the form of distributed energy resources (DERs), which are displacing traditional large power plants. Many of these resources are connected to the system through power electronic interfaces, also known as inverter-based resources (IBRs), which are reshaping the system dynamics and lowering the grid strength and inertia. Understanding the dynamic behavior of the power system should be critical to addressing the potential stability concerns, refining the grid requirements, and developing effective and reliable measures among many alternatives. However, conventional methodologies for resource integration and network expansion studies, as well as application-specific electromagnetic transient (EMT) studies, need to be improved. This article thus presents recent academic and industrial efforts to advance the existing approaches, especially by incorporating the uncertainty in model parameters of DERs, variability of VRE, and EMT dynamics of IBRs for the grid planning and operations studies such as the impact of DERs on load modeling and system-wide dynamic performance. In addition, this article showcases recent developments to expand the study boundaries by synergizing the strengths of the industry-accepted approaches along with real system studies for Korea's electric power systems in particular.


PurposeThis paper empirically provides information on community-driven infrastructure provision through the collective efforts of community-based organizations (CBOs). It offers an insight into emerging events on community-based infrastructure procurement, scholarship and, creating gaps for new frontiers of knowledge on community development research agenda in the emerging economies.Design/methodology/approachIt is drawn upon community-based associations, herein referred to as landlords-landladies community association (LLCAs) – representatives of households in the communities. After interviewing the key members of the groups, we administered copies of the semi-structured questionnaire randomly on the enumerated regular members of sampled seventeen LLCAs. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.FindingsPlanning for a sustainable community, protection and security necessity and Government inadequate attention on emerging communities over the years are the main reasons for the joint decision. Electrification, drainage and road top the lists of the projects executed. Major challenges included diversity and inclusiveness. Development projects' design, execution and commission contribute to performance. Also, LLCAs' clarity of duties and purposes and tenure/duration of officials contribute to the overall membership satisfaction on governance structure and leadership.Research limitations/implicationsIt is limited to the specific reasons for collective efforts, challenges of the participatory movement, membership satisfaction on governance and infrastructure recently procured in the communities. Frontier of studies should be extended to enabling factors.Practical implicationsFindings from this study indicate that community-driven governance with the support of the government enhances community-based infrastructure.Social implicationsPotential values of collective action embellished in the concepts of a social movement, active engagement, communalism, grassroots efforts, social cohesion and planning in bringing peoples of diversities together for common goals with less rigorous formalization.Originality/valueThe novelty of the research is the exposition on the evidence-based innovative concept of integrating the social practice of participatory design, representing a bottom-up model into infrastructure procurement in community settings.


This paper proposes the use of Coded- Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (C-OFDM) to detect a large number of vehicles on the road. The C-OFDM technique enables a high doppler tolerance over the conventional radar. It is very important to determine the moving vehicle and road-side parked vehicle to take the proper reaction according to the diverse traffic situation. Day-by-day growing vehicular speed and traffic congestion make the task more difficult to detect a large number of surrounding cars on road. More number of the vehicles lined up in a row also makes the situation challenging, as it creates a blind zone in a lane over the road. Various remote sensing systems are being evaluated in the present road traffic scenario. Authors have successfully developed the model to get the desired performance by utilizing the concept of coded-OFDM technology in RADAR signal processing. It also combats the interference while detecting multiple vehicles.


Given the importance of olive oil as a food product worldwide and given the exposure of many productive olive orchards to many pollution sources, this work is a contribution to the clarification of atmospheric metal pollution effects on the quality of olive oil and its possible toxicity for human beings. This work is carried out on olive orchards (Olea europaea L., cv. Chemlali) situated in a polluted region close to a fertilizer factory and in a controlled, unpolluted area, managed with comparable cultivation techniques during two successive years (2015/2016 and 2016/2017). Pollution negatively affects the oxidative stability and nutritional value of olive oil, especially by decreasing the contents of antioxidant compounds and the fatty acid composition. Atmospheric metals are confirmed to have a negative effect on olive oil chemicals; oils show a disruption of their squalene, tocopherols, and triglyceride composition in comparison with control oils. Practical Applications: This study is carried out in two olive orchards (Olea europaea L., cv. Chemlali) located in a polluted area near a fertilizer factory and in a control unpolluted site, managed with similar cultivation techniques. The aim is to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of polluted oils (PO), exposed to atmospheric metal contamination as compared to control oils (CO). The results of this study emanate from the accidental exposure to contamination sources, such as the direct contact of olives, with an elevated polluted environment that might be made more severe by gaseous air pollutants emitted by the factory. Then, air contamination avoidance from factories should be examined together with any possible probable methodologies to decrease plant tissue contamination.


Antimicrobial resistance has grown exponentially in the last decade and become a global health threat. The antibiotic resistance crisis has guided the scientific community to explore non-conventional interventions to target resistant bacteria. Development of new technologies, such as aptamers-based treatment and diagnosis, has shown to be promising with remarkable advantages over the past five years. This narrative review aims on what is already known regarding application of aptamer technology in enterobacteria and non-fermenters, and the prospects for future achievements. A systematic search of the English literature was performed on the 7th of December 2021 to identify papers on aptamer discovery, with a focus on gram negative isolates, published from January 01, 1993, to December 07, 2021, under the topics: (aptamer OR aptamers OR SELEX) AND (bacteria OR sepsis OR non-fermenter OR Enterobacteriaceae OR infection)). The reference lists of included articles were also searched, in addition to hand-searching of various relevant high-impact journals. Out of 2,474 articles, 30 experimental studies were recruited for review, and are chronologically described. Although the number of publications regarding development of aptamers to target these pathogenic agents has increased over the years, the recent publications are mostly around diagnostic devices manufactured using previously described aptamers. There have been less than one-third of the studies describing new and specific aptamers. From the 30 selected papers, 18 are regarding non-fermenters, seven approaching multi-species of bacteria and only five regarding a single enterobacteria. Even for the newly described aptamers, most of the published papers pertain to diagnostic aptamers and only seven focus on aptamers for therapeutics. The number of aptamers with strong and specific binding capacity are still limited. Improving the current SELEX and developing more APT remains the major hurdle for aptamer related studies.


The main goal of this study was to look at food insecurity and its major determinant factors of households in Girar Jarso Woreda, North Shoa Zone, and Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. In order to achieve this goal, demographic and socioeconomic data were collected from 110 randomly selected farm households in the Girar Jarso Woreda's as a special name Torban Ashe and Koticho Kebeles. Two kebeles were chosen using a purposive sampling method. A survey was done to collect primary data from sampled household in the study areas using a structured questionnaire to acquire qualitative and quantitative data on household demographic characteristics. Secondary data was gathered from a variety of sources, including Woreda and kebeles documents, as well as academic research publications, to supplement primary data. The collected data was analyzed using both descriptive and econometric models of analysis. The current household's food insecurity level was determined using the total kilocalorie consumption per adult equivalency per day. A bivariate analysis was used to examine the effect of each predictor variable on the household food insecurity status. Finally, the descriptive analysis revealed that approximately 28 household (25.45%) were food insecure, while 82 households (74.55%) were food secure. Furthermore, the logistic regression model estimates that six of the 13 variables in the logistic model were significant at various probability levels (1, 5, and 10). The age of the household head, the size of the household, the annual farm income, the size of the farm land, the adoption of technology, and the frequency with which the home receives extension services are all factors to consider. Generally, the direction of policy implication and governments has to emphasis on strengthening farmer's knowledge on adoption of technology by arranging farmer training, field visit and demonstration, and increasing awareness of effective family planning and impact of a high family size on food security.


Turnover phenomenon is the last option for employees in company when they find the working conditions are no longer suitable as expected. However, most of the turnover brought an adverse influence on the organization, both in terms of cost and in loss of time and chance to take advantage of opportunities. If the turnover occurs in a company, ompany will lose a number of employees and should replace them with the new ones. Some negative affect such as uninterested to the job, a lack of concern for the organization, or a loss of responsibility can occur. It may cause a decrease in job satisfaction of employees and this condition will certainly lead to job stress. Present study is focused to analyis the effect of among Job Stress, Work Environment and Workload on Employee Turnover Intention. This research used quantitaitve method. The sample of this research is all of the employee in PT. Wika Realty Manado consist of 56 employees. This research used probability sampling and the date filled by the questionaire. The result of this research shows that there is a significant effect of Job Stress, work environment and workload on employee turnover intention. PT. Wika Realty must pay attention and manage well amount of job that they give to their workers. Keywords : turnover intention, job stress, work environment, workload


Experiments were conducted during 2017-19 at the Integrated Farming System Research Station, Karamana, Kerala Agricultural University for assessing the impact of quantity of potting media, foliar application of multinutrient mixture IISR Power Mix G and microbial inoculants Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) and Trichoderma on the growth, nutrient uptake and yield of ginger variety Karthika grown as pot culture. The study revealed that 12 and 15 kg of potting media filled grow bags could produce comparable yields of ginger significantly higher than that obtained with 9 kg of potting media. Application of IISR Power Mix G @ 0.5% at 2 and 3 months of planting enhanced the yield of ginger to the tune of 11 per cent in comparison to control. Microbial inoculants AMF (5 g plant-1) and Trichoderma (1 kg mixed with 90 kg FYM and 10 kg neem cake and 250 g of the mixture used) applied at planting time followed by Trichoderma at 1 month after planting resulted in higher fresh ginger yield of 596.67 g bag-1 and was comparable to 550 g of fresh ginger obtained with application of AMF and Trichoderma at planting.


In order to promulgate the influence of different amount of N,P,K and planting density on fresh roots yield and dry matter content of the Sushu14 and identify the relationship between the fertilizer and density application levels with fresh roots yield and dry matter content,the experiments were carried out with Sushu 14,with the design for canonical analysis.The results showed that the dry matter content and fresh roots yield could be augmented significantly if K and N,P were applied at optimum rates,the application of adequate potassium increased the dry matter content and fresh roots yield in sweet potato.The effect of each factor on dry matter content and fresh roots yield was K fertilizerP fertilizerplanting densityN fertilizer.And under the experimental condition,the main agronomic measures for yield more than 3.75×104 kg/ha and dry matter content more than 25% include 5.40×104 plants/ha,N:129.06-142.26 kg/ha,P2O5:36.21-65.82 kg/ha,K2O:245.88-289.89 kg/ha.Therefore,the effects of K fertilizer were stronger than that of N and P fertilizer on dry matter content and fresh roots yield,it was reversed for the effects of the two fertilizers on application.The applied proportion of N fertilizer and P fertilizer could be adjusted as needed for increased yield and dry matter content on sweetpotato.


Cardiac-related diseases take the lives of more than 17 million lives around the world. Among the most cardiac vital signs used in clinics and hospitals are Standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Nonetheless, due to many electrodes having be connected in order to acquire all 12 signals, Standard (ECG) remains highly sensitive to ambient and body noise which strongly degrades the signal quality. To meet the need for a reliable ECG system with fewer signal interferences. A reduction of recorded leads should be performed to improve the signal quality. For this purpose, An ECG reconstruction technique using an optimized Long-Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model employing the genetic algorithm will be introduced in this study. The genetic algorithm will be used to optimize the hyper-parameters of the LSTM network such as the activation function, number of units, etc. Subsequently, the optimized LSTM network will be trained using a subset of the PTB diagnostic ECG database. The evaluation of the LSTM model will be carried out using performance measures, in particular root mean square error (RMSE) and the correlation coefficient (CC). The results will be detailed and compared with traditional linear regression and standard LSTM deep learning model.


3, 4‐Dihydroxyphenyl‐l‐alanine (l‐DOPA) is a compound of high medical value and is considered effective as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. Currently, bioproduction of l‐DOPA is mainly carried out by whole‐cell catalysis mediated by recombinant Escherichia coli carrying heterogeneous tyrosine phenol lyase. Vibrio natriegens is increasingly attracting attention owing to its superiority, including extremely rapid growth and high soluble protein expression capacity. In this study, we attempt to develop an efficient whole‐cell catalyst for l‐DOPA production using V. natriegens as the chassis. The maximum soluble protein expression by V. natriegens was accomplished in 4 h at 37°C, which was equivalent to that achieved by E. coli in 16 h at 16°C. Furthermore, the maximum productivity reached over 10.0 g l−1 h−1 in the early stage of biocatalysis, nearly two‐fold higher than previously reported. Approximately 54.0 g l−1 l‐DOPA was obtained with a catechol conversion rate greater than 95%. In conclusion, V. natriegens displays advantages, including rapid protein expression and catalytic rate in the catalysis process for l‐DOPA production. These findings strongly suggest that V. natriegens has remarkable potential as a whole‐cell catalysis chassis for the production of valuable chemicals.


Objective To study curative effect of hyperbaric oxygen(HBO)on super-early cerebral infarction and effects on neurone specific enolase(NSE)in serum and endothelin(ET)in plasma.Methods Sixty-eight cases with super-early cerebral infarction were randomized into two groups,HBO treatment group(35 cases)and control group(33 cases).Both groups received the same western medicines.In addition,the treatment group received HBO treatment with 0.2 MPa by type of GY-3.2 machine.The levels of NSE and ET and the scores of nerve function defect were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results Thirty days after treatment,the total effective rate were 88.6% in HBO treatment group,and 63.6% in control group.The results of NSE,ET and defect of nerve function in HBO treatment group were better than those of control group.There was significant difference(P0.05 ).Conclusions HBO can decrease the levels of NSE in serum and ET in plasma and improve the nerve functions through supplying oxygen and adjusting the vascular contraction in patients with super-early cerebral infarction.


SUMMARYMeiosis in the teliospores of Hemileia vastatrix is seen to differ from the rust fungi where the basidium is external. The chromosome number is larger than has been reported for most of the Basidiomycetes. The irregularities recorded under natural conditions suggest some disturbance in the important phase in the life cycle of the fungus. Occurrence of uninucleate and binucleate basidiospores, the later being frequent and persistence of the same nuclear status even after germination and formation of secondary basidiospores points out that the role of each of these have to be fully elucidated. Hence work in various lines is suggested to understand the nature and behaviour of the fungus.


Detrimental effects of poorly controlled acute pain after abdominal surgery range from patient suffering, distress, respiratory complications, delirium, myocardial ischaemia, prolonged hospital stay and an increased likelihood of chronic pain. Traditionally, patients undergoing major abdominal surgery have received systemic drugs, such as opioids, ketamine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alpha-2 agonists and paracetamol or epidural analgesia as part of their postoperative pain management. Peripheral nerve blockade is an alternative means of providing analgesia, by anesthetising the sensory nerves conveying pain impulses from the incision site to the spinal cord and brain. The purpose of this study is to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis of ultrasound (US) guidance for postoperative bilateral transversus abdominal plane (TAP) block vs landmark-guided epidural block in elective patients undergoing major gynaecologic oncological surgery. The hypothesis was that US guidance for TAP block is cost-effective compared with continuous epidural infusion in managing postoperative analgesia. Our study is the first health economic evaluation of USG guided TAP block vs landmark guided epidural block for the first 24 hours postoperatively. USG guided bilateral TAP blocks are more cost-effective than continuous epidurals in the first 24 hours postoperatively in patients undergoing midline laparotomy for gynaecologic oncologic surgeries. Thus, in patients with contraindications to epidural blocks can have them as a part of their multimodal analgesia plan.


Map showing main roads in Uganda, Kenya, Belgian Congo, Angola, Tanganyika, Northern and Southern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, Mozambique, Bechuanaland Protectorate, South-West Africa and South Africa and frontiers, with place names, mileages, river, lakes and national parks. Scale 1 : 4,000,000.


Professor Davis joins the distinguished juvenile defense attorney, Elsie Chandler, and a Richard Dudley, a psychiatrist whose work in death penalty cases has been referenced with approval by the Supreme Court, to discuss the importance of analyzing family histories and ties in the defense of young people accused of serious crimes.


This study analyses the determinants of the rate of temporary employment in various OECD countries using both macro-level data drawn from the OECD and EUROSTAT databases, as well as micro-level data drawn from the 8 wave of the European Household Panel. The analysis shows that the high levels of temporary employment observed in Spain cannot be explained by the characteristics of its productive structure. As an alternative, two types of supply-side factors are tested: crowding-out effects and educational gaps in the workforce. The former seems insignificant whilst the effects of the latter disappear after controlling for the levels of institutional protection in standard employment during the 1980s. Multivariate analysis shows that only this latter institutional variable, together with the degree of centralised coordination of the collective bargaining system, seem to have a significant impact on the distribution of temporary employment in the countries examined. On the basis of this observation, an explanation of the high levels of temporary employment in Spain is proposed. This explanation focuses on the interplay of institutional factors at the macro level and employers' optimisation strategies at the micro level.


This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact email@example.com. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank everyone who has helped me make this thesis possible. My mentor, Dr. Edward Campbell, has always encouraged me to think deeply and logically about scientific problems, and he really taught me the value of how much hard work can pay off. The training and support provided by Dr. Campbell has strengthened my confidence and helped me develop into a young, ambitious scientist. I would also like to thank the Department of Microbiology and Immunology for giving me numerous opportunities to publicly present my research and receive feedback from other faculty and students in the department. I also thank my friends for always supporting me and helping me through the graduate school process by constantly reminding me how proud they are of me. I also thank my parents for always being there for me and supporting me. They continuously made me believe in my academic success and myself. Without their support, I would not be where I am today. Additionally, I thank the rest of my family for their love and support as well as their interest in my success. There are things known and things unknown and in between are the doors.


Welfare state theory the political context of the welfare state in Taiwan the development of the Taiwanese welfare state the impact of the 1997 elections on social policy the impact of the 1998 elections on social policy.


Various embodiments provide an apparatus for a diaper. The apparatus has two electrodes and an electronic device. The electronic device is coupled to the two electrodes. The two electrodes are operable to generate a potential difference when they are electrically connected together by ionized liquid. The electronic device is operable to generate an alarm signal when the potential difference is generated. Various other embodiments relate to a corresponding system, diaper and method of manufacturing an electrode.


In this paper we suggest to use quasi-optical resonator withdielectric inclusion for moisture measurements of gases. This methodemployes the electromagnetic frequency in the range of 35 to 150 GHz.The main idea of the approach is a registration of moment of dew pointor phase transitions on cooling dielectric element of the resonatorusing the changes of resonator characteristics. The results of moisturemeasurements of air at atmospheric pressure using a barrel-shapedresonator with a dielectric bar are given. It is shown that suchelectrodynamical structures allow to registrate the dew point and phasetransitions as "water-ice" and "ice-water" at cooling dielectric bar byPeltier element. The experiments were carried out at frequenciesfc=136 GHz.


The paper presents some of the perspectives opened up by ethnographic approach of an ongoing investigation about the election of Anthropological Sciences in the University of Buenos Aires as a career, the later biographic-intellectual development of their students and the contents that conform the representations about the success and the failure in it, in an institutional culture that tends to naturalize their practices, symbolic values and traits of identity.


One of the main management elements in the development and implementation of innovation is the various organizational and economic interactions aimed at acquiring and transferring knowledge and technology between developing, productive, scientific and educational organizations. The quality, intensity, and early timing of the developing enterprises entering into the interaction network determine the achievement of "breakthrough" improvements, the long-term efficiency and desired performance of the final high-tech products. The model of innovation management change process in the early stages of the product development cycle is based on systematic and coordination-oriented approaches using Robust Portfolio Modeling. The results of the study are as follows: the main stages of project evaluation and selection, management procedures for developing the process of selecting the potential scientific and innovative networks, the tools for their implementation, and the system of interrelation between the major stages of the innovation development cycle. The field of application of the research results is management and planning systems of enterprises working in the early stages of the innovation cycle, where originators and sources of innovation may be the users themselves.


In this thesis a technique to estimate the risk of Colles' fracture using ordinary radiographs, instead of performing expensive DXA scans is described. The risk of fracture was estimated by maximum stress of the bone which was modelled as a parallel sided tube. Grey-level profiles across the radius bone were sectioned into seven line-piece segments to create a model. The collected profiles were used to construct gender specific models from 68 male subjects and 48 female subjects. These models were used to interpret unseen images and locate the internal and external radius of the radius bone. The internal and external radius were measured using the model-based interpretation. The error of the detection compared to manual measurements was less than 2%. The stress on the radius bone was derived, and used as a measure for the risk of fracture. Results showed a bivariate distribution of values between fractured and non-fractured subjects with 92% confidence in population different. With further development this technique could be used to screen those at high-risk of a Colles' fracture by gauging the thickness of the wall of the radius bone using model-based image interpretation.


Abstract The electric conductivity of NaI solutions in water-isobutanol mixtures in the complete miscibility range of the alcohol has been measured and analysed using the Fuoss-Justice equation. The electromotive force of the cell: glass electrode (Na)Nal|AgI, Ag in the same binary mixtures has been determined. The standard enthalpies of solution of NaI have been recalculated and the thermodynamic functions ΔG° t and ΔS° t have also been calculated taking into account ion association.


Objective
To study the clinicopathologic features of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor.

Methods
The clinical and pathologic data of ten cases with phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor were evaluated, in the ten patients, six were males and four were females.Their age at the time of operation ranged from 23 to 55 years old.All cases had a history of chronic bone pain, arthralgia, limitation in movement for 1 to 13 years.Morphology and immune phenotype of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor were observed.

Results
Hypophosphatemia and byperphosphaturia were found in all patients.The diameters of tumor ranged from 0.8 cm to 5.0 cm.Microscopically, the tumors were composed of various mesenchymal cells, including spindled fibroblast-like cells, adipocytes, chondroid cells and mucinous cells, the tumor cells were rich in blood vessels.Four cases were also dystrophic calcification with an unusual flocculent or "grungy" pattern.Bone shell was formed surrounding the tumors which occured in soft tissue in three cases.Mitotic figures were rare in eight cases.In two cases however, mitotic figures and bizarre cells were commonly encountered.On immunohistochemical study, the tumor cells were all positive to vimentin and CD56.NSE was positive in seven and Bcl-2 was positive in three cases.The staining for desmin, S-100 and AE1/AE3 was negative.Ki67 proliferation index was 1%~5% in eight cases and 20%~30% in two case.

Conclusions
Most of the phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors are either benign or low grade malignant mesenchymal tumors.They can be mistaken as other neoplasms due to the morphologic heterogeneity.Clinical features and laboratory investigation results are helpful correct diagnosis phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor.

Key words:
Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor; Hypophosphatemia; Diagnosis


This paper presents a 360° scanning circular microwave lens based on the Bootlace lens design concepts. However, instead of allocating the beam ports and receiving ports on two opposite sides of the lens, the polygon lens alternates the beam and receiving ports in an interleaving order on all sides and allows the use of circular symmetry to cover 360° scanning. In this paper, a new analytical approach is proposed which minimizes the phase errors for the "perfect" focal points of the lens to design the polygon lens. In order to evaluate the proposed method, an octagonal lens was designed and fabricated. Each facet of the lens feeds a four-element rectangular patch array. The results show a full 360° coverage in the band of interest. Comparisons between measurements and simulations show a good agreement.


Despite the high demand for dental care professionals, high turnover of dental hygienists have been reported, especially among workers in the dental clinics. This study aimed to examine job satisfaction factors affecting dental hygienist`s service year in Seoul using cross-sectional data. The questionnaire survey was conducted from August 26, 2013 to September 13, 2013. Data were collected from 296 employees of dental clinics and hospitals located in Seoul. Logistic regression analysis was applied for parameter estimates, using PASW Statistics 18.0 and R software version 3.0.3. The Cronbach.s 꺫 for the total job satisfaction factors was 0.922. In descriptive statistics, the group (that less than four years of working and over four years of working) had a statistically significant difference in age, religion, experience of turnover and autonomous factor among job satisfaction factors. In multiple logistic regression model, autonomy in job satisfaction was an important factor to predict the length of service in dental hygienist (odds ratio, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 1.06∼6.60). Autonomous factor was a significant predictor of length of service for dental hygienist. This study encourages future investigations of the role of job satisfaction of service year using better analytical frameworks.


Reliability, both of the circuitry itself and of the control algorithm, has now reached the stage where satisfactory Automatic Cutter Controllers can be employed. A recent installation is described.


Serum sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and testosterone were measured in 52 samples from 15 female patients with anorexia nervosa. There was a significant correlation between body weight and serum levels of SHBG and testosterone. Moreover, the correlation between serum SHBG and relative weight 1055 suggests that serial measurement of serum SHBG might be a useful parameter in the management of patients with anorexia nervosa.


Brazil and Colombia are considered countries with high water availability. They currently present great advances in the effort of Integrated Water Resource Management, although they still exhibit common problems in relation to the various users and uses within their territories. This work comparatively analyzes five management instruments (planning, classification of water bodies, concessions and charges for water use and finally the use of information systems on water resources), renewing the discussion about the established management models, denoting deficiencies in the application of the regulations for both countries. In Brazil, the system is more mature and has more guarantees of citizen participation. The Colombian system is at an earlier stage of development, with a strong connection to environmental management. The adoption of the watershed as a management unit is a conflict point for not coinciding with the traditional political-administrative limits. The Alto Lebrija river basin, in Colombia and the Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiai basins, in Brazil, are taken as local examples for a better understanding of the proposed comparison.


The use of traditional industry-level profitability indicators for assessing the state of competition is problematic for two reasons. First, short-term variation reflects business cycles more than it does the impact of competition policy. Second, rough industry-level indicators hide different mechanisms that are dependent on competition but may affect profitability in opposite directions. In this analysis both problems are avoided by using firm-level Financial Statement Statistics of Statistics Finland over the years 1995-2006 and by applying a decomposition method. With these tools the micro-level sources of industry-level profitability changes have been examined over a long-run period. The findings provide support to the general view having emerged from the earlier micro-level analysis that competition has developed in a favorable way in Finland until the end of the 1990s. On the other hand, the results reveal interesting differences between periods, sectors and regions, which describe challenges of competition policy in the future


Chapter 1: Aracataca Chapter 2: Apprenticeship Chapter 3: Mamador de gallos Chapter 4: New Horizons Chapter 5: Lo real maravilloso Chapter 6: The Silver Screen Chapter 7: Sleepless in Macondo Chapter 8: Convergences


In this paper we present the detailed results of a series of experiments designed to study the coherent backscatter of 50-MHz radar waves from the mid-latitude F region. Data were obtained with the active phased-array MU radar in Japan and include some auxiliary E region coherent echoes as well. As in other turbulent ionospheric phenomena the intense nonthermal scatter comes from irregularities oriented parallel to B. The strongest echoes correspond to irregularities at least 20 dB stronger than thermal backscatter at the same frequency from typical F region densities at the same range. Simultaneous observations with ionosondes show that these echoes occur during strong mid-latitude spread F. As defined by ionosondes, the latter phenomenon is certainly much more widespread than the turbulent upwelling events described here, but we believe that in some sense these correspond to the most violent mid-latitude spread F. The strongest echoes occur in large patches which display away Doppler shifts corresponding to irregularity motion upward and northward from the radar. At the edges of these patches there is often a brief period of toward Doppler before the echoing region ceases. On rare occasions comparable patches of strong away and toward Doppler are detected, although in such cases the Doppler width of the toward echoes is much narrower than that of the away echoes. The away patches often are characterized by mean velocities well over 250 m/s and Doppler widths (full width at half maximum) of 50 m/s. The multiple beam capability at MU allowed us to track the patches in the zonal direction on two days. The patches moved east to west in both cases at velocities of 125 m/s and 185 m/s, respectively. There is a distinct tendency for the bottom contour of the scattering region to be modulated at the same period as the patch occurrence frequency as well as at higher frequencies. This higher-frequency component may correspond to substructures in the large patches and to the E region coherent scatter patches which were detected simultaneously in several multiple beam experiments. In the companion paper (Kelley and Fukao, this issue), we explore a number of possible explanations for this phenomenon in more detail.


SUMMARYAn Eichhorn-type hydrometer has been constructed and subjected to a preliminary evaluation for the determination of moisture in honey. This instrument, in contrast to the conventional type, encloses a fixed volume of honey and is suspended in water. The data obtained indicate that it can be used to determine the moisture content of honey with at least the accuracy of the hand refractometer.


The current research is part of the European project ECLIPS (Extended Collaborative Integrated Lifecycle Planning System). The ECLIPS project is partially funded by the European Commission in the context of its Research Framework Program 6. For more information see http ://www.eclipsproject.com/portal/. The overall goal of this project is to extend supply chain expertise to recent evolutions : globalisation, products diversification, and shortening of products life cycles. We consider that any life cycle can be divided into three phases : introduction, maturity and end-of-life. Three main issues are considered : – Improve the prediction at the beginning and at the end of a product life. – Increase the profit during maturity phase by making cyclic the production at all levels of the process. Theoretically, Multi-Echelon Cyclic Planning induces an additional cost. However, simplification of production management and increase of the manufacturing efficiency should counterbalance this cost. – More generally, to improve the whole life cycle management of products in supply chain, including switches between the three phases.


The Summer Somali Jet(SSMJ) onset dates during the period from 1948 to 2002 are decided by a defined index for SSMJ onset.Then the processes of SSMJ onset and the influence of anomalies of the winter land-sea surface temperature and the East Asia winter monsoon are analyzed in this paper.The results show that the onset of SSMJ is the earliest signal of the Asia summer monsoon;the onset of SSMJ is caused by the African-Indian Ocean System,including Mascarene High,Middle African Low and Arabian High;the developing Indian Low can force SSMJ eastward after crossing equator.The interannual anomaly of SSMJ onset dates reflects the interannual anomaly of prophase winter temperature difference between land and sea.When the winter monsoon is stronger(weaker),the onset of SSMJ is later(earlier) in the coming spring.


1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 2 CHAPTER 2: BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW 9 2.1 Motivations to decompose earnings expectations management 9 2.2 Earnings expectations management literature 11 2.3 Earnings and cash flows management literature 15 2.4 Analysts' cash flow forecasts literature 16 CHAPTER 3: HYPOTHESIS DEVELOPMENT 19 CHAPTER 4: SAMPLE SELECTION AND RESEARCH DESIGN 26 4.1 Sample selection 26 4.2 Measures of cash flow and accrual expectations management 26 4.3 Measures of determinants of cash flow and/or accrual expectations management 27 4.4 Measures of upward cash flow and accrual management 28 4.5 Empirical models for testing H1-H3 28 CHAPTER 5: EMPIRICAL ANALYSES 32 5.1 Descriptive statistics and univariate analyses 32 5.2 Multivariate analyses 33 5.2.1 OLS regression results for H1 and H2 33 5.2.2 Logistic regression results for H3 35 CHAPTER 6: SENSITIVITY ANALYSES 37 6.1 Logistic regression analyses for H1 and H2 37 6.2 Alternative measure of cash flow and accrual expectations management 38 6.3 Heckman two-stage analyses for H1 and H2 41 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSIONS 45


There are five general approaches to managing di-verse interests; these approaches are characterized bydifferent mixes of assertiveness and cooperativeness.'Fig. 1 showsthe rangeofapproachesalongthe twoaxes.The appropriateness of the approach will depend on itsfit with personal style and the demands ofthe situation.Suchdemandsinclude the nature ofthe issue, the impor-tance of the relationship, the nature of the formal rela-tionship (relative power) and the time pressures in-volved."' Investigators agree that effective managers usedifferent approaches, in accordance with their assess-ment ofthe


The utility model provides an input device which is used to match an electronic device, and including at least one fingertip to brace a body part of one user. The fingertip is composed of a mobile detector to detect moving of the body part and emit a corresponding moving signal according to moving mode of the body part, a processing unit connected with the mobile detector to receive the moving signal and convert the moving signal into an operating signal, a signal transmission module communicated with the processing unit to receive the operating signal and transmit the operating signal to the electronic device, and an identification module connected with the processing unit to identify the user.


All worldng groups, including, of course, the classroom group, have certain characteristics in common. All groups, for example, have a goal they seek to achieve; they have participants who are joined together for the purpose of achieving the goal; the activities of the group are founded in some type of control or leadership; the group has explicit or implicit relationships to other groups or institutions. These parameters are applicable to all working groups. But in addition to these general qualities, each group, like each individual, has its own unique character. Wherein does the uniqueness of the classroom group lie? It lies not so much in any single differentiating feature, for we know of no single quality of the classroom group that cannot be found in other groups. Rather, the unique character of the classroom group lies in the peculiar configuration of the specific characteristics. To communicate this unique configuration, we must describe, first, the separate characteristics and, then, seek to construct from these descriptions the unique over-all pattern. Accordingly, we shall divide our presentation into two sections: (a) We shall attempt first to describe in rather broad terms the nature of the goals of the classroom group, the nature of its participants, its leadership, and its relationship to other groups and institutions. (b) We shall then attempt to formulate a conceptual framework within which we may systematize and clarify the phenomena we have described and point to the pattern they provide.


Traps are used extensively by artisanal fishers in the Caribbean for catching fishes and crustaceans in diverse habitats. An interdisciplinary study incorporating fisher knowledge and quantitative field surveys was employed to study current trap fishing practices in Puerto Rico in order to provide up to date information to managers and researchers. Here, we report on trap fishing methods today and fishers' perception of current trends and some problems affecting the resource of Puerto Rico. Forty-seven trap fishers representing 5 regions (North, South, East, West, and Islands) were interviewed on site about gear construction, effort, habitat preferences and fishers' perceptions of the main problems in the fishery and their possible solutions. Materials used in fish trap construction have been changing, over time; however, the main routine for setting traps remains generally the same with some localized variations. Despite its traditional dominance, more than half of fishers have reduced their number of traps; therefore individual effort seems to be declining. Coral reefs were not reported as a preferred fish trap location, but rather areas adjacent to reefs (sand, seagrass, hard-bottom, and algal habitats) are targeted. The main problems reported by fishers in Puerto Rico are trap loss and habitat degradation, problems that correspond to increasing coastal development. Additionally, conflicts among users have promoted the use of unbuoyed traps, which in turn may lead to an increase in ghost fishing impacts. Ghost traps are known to continue fishing long after they are lost and may be causing undetermined effects on fishing grounds. Suggestions to alleviate some problems include enforcement of environmental regulations and zoning schemes.


We discuss the metal–insulator transition phenomenon in two dimensions in terms of a quantum critical point that controls a range of the low temperature insulator region as well as the usual quantum critical sector. We show that this extended range of criticality permits a determination of both the dynamical critical exponent z and the correlation length critical exponent ν from published data from a single experiment in the insulator critical region. The resulting value of the product zν is consistent with the temperature dependence of the resistance in the quantum critical sector. This provides strong quantitative evidence for the presence of a quantum critical point.


Soybean phospholipids were widely used as an nature emulsifier in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals industries. This paper reviews drying technology for high-pure powder soybean phospholipids in details. All kinds of drying methods for high-pure powder soybean phospholipids were evaluated and some examples were presented. Three effective drying methods include supercritical CO_2 drying, vacuum freeze drying and inert gas protected spray drying for high-pure powder soybean phospholipids were also suggested.


In the present article a review of the doctoral thesis Gender and management within the neoliberal framework. A critical analysis for feminist leaderships to emerge is presented. This thesis builds a dialectic space among business ethics, feminist philosophy, sociology, critical management studies and leadership studies to reflect on the possibilities of articulating a feminist leadership in a framework of accused neoliberalism. The objective is to identify this model and to reflect on the possibility of configuring principles of action which, based on the gender perspective, allow us to rethink the space of organizations to achieve equality. The hypothesis is that the women leader model, divulged through the popular management literature, contains an essentialist character that reproduces the gender dichotomies and the homo oeconomicus rationality. The results reveal that a neoliberal drift prevails in the women's leadership model disclosed in popular management literature.


Transient aerodynamic response of an airfoil to a rapidly deploying spoiler is numerically investigated by solving two-dimensional unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations.The spoiler moving relative to a stationary airfoil is treated by a dynamic overset grid method.The mechanism of the adverse lift caused by the rapidly deploying spoiler is analyzed.Also,the effects of angle of attack,height of spoiler and rapidly deplo- ying rate on the adverse lift are investigated.


Consider a compact manifold with boundary, homeomorphic to the N-dimensional disk, and a Tonelli Lagrangian function defined on the tangent bundle. In this paper, we study the multiplicity problem for Euler-Lagrange orbits that satisfy the conormal boundary conditions and that lay on the boundary only in their extreme points. In particular, for suitable values of the energy function and under mild hypotheses, if the Tonelli Lagrangian is reversible then the minimal number of Euler-Lagrange orbits with prescribed energy that satisfies the conormal boundary conditions is N. If L is not reversible, then this number is two.


ABSTRACT: Transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins have a great potential for controlling target pest insects, but there is a growing concern about unintended influences on non-target species. In the present study, the preferences and performance of non -targetgreen peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), on transgenic cabbages ( Brassica oleracea ) that produce Bt toxin (Cry1Ac1) and untransforme dcontrol plants were investigated as a part of risk assessment. In a free-choice situation, the number of nymphs larviposited by 10 winge dadults over 3 days was 21.9±1.8 and 22. 5±2.2 on transgenic and the control plants, respectively, indicating that the aphids did not discriminate between the two types of plants. In a performance assay, the development time (D) and intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) of wingless aphids reared on transgenic and control plants were also similar (D, 5.8±0.2 and 5.9±0.1 (days) and r m , 0.7±0.1 and 0.8±0.1,for transgenic and control plants, respectively). These results suggest that M. persicae is not significantly affected by transgenic Bt cabbage. Key words: Environmental risk assessment, Bt cabbage, Host preference, Myzus persicae, Transgenic crop초 록: 해충저항성 유전자변형 작물은 대상 해충에 대한 방제 효과를 증진시킬 수 있는 효과적인 수단이 될 수 있지만 , 생태계 내의 다른 비표적 생물에 부정적인 영향을 줄 가능성 또한 있기 때문에 상업적인 재배에 앞서 이에 대한 충분한 연구가 이루어져야 한다 . 본 연구에서는 배추좀나방 내성 유전자변형 Bt (Cry1Ac1)양배추가 비표적 곤충인 복숭아혹진딧물에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 기초적인 실험으로서 기주선택실험 및 성장실험을 실시하였다. 기주선택실험에서, 두 개체씩의 Bt 양배추와 모본 양배추에 각각 10마리의 유시 성충(alate virginoparae)을 접종하고, 사흘간 생식(reproduction) 기회를 제공한 후 생산한 약충의 마리수를 측정한 결과, Bt 양배추와 모본 양배추에 낳은 약충의 수가 각각 21.9±1.8와 22.5±2.2로 비슷하였다. 성장실험에서, 갓 태어난 무시 약충(apterous virginoparae)을 Bt 양배추 및 모본 양배추를 기주로 하여 키웠을 때, 성충이 될 때까지 걸린 시간은 Bt 양배추와 모본 양배추에서 각각 5.8±0.2, 5.9±0.1 일(day)로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었고, 개체군 생장률(r


Considering the deteriorating health condition of Malaysia society (Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2008), a new alternative should be sought after as a guideline for a better and improve health. This study is aiming at researching in details the practised of Allah's Apostle (PBUH) that contributed in developing the health of the Prophet (PBUH) as a role model for an ideal, simple and balance healthcare. This study is a qualitative study using library data. Library data are acquired by gathering hadiths related to the Prophet's (PBUH) healthcare practised from the books of hadiths, books of 'syamail', history of the Prophet (PBUH) and any writings associated with this topic, reviewed and evaluated according to the suitability. The outcome establishes that the integration of 11 (eleven) healthcare principles was the solid core to the development of Allah's Apostle (PBUH) excellent health. Amongst them is a lifestyle which is fit, energetic and took part in jihad. The Prophet (PBUH) manner of walking in His daily life as if He was performing an exercise routine. The Prophet (PBUH) also performed routines suiting to its time, live according to innate nature and high life discipline which had encouraged ideal health development. This study also furnished an alternative model for a healthy yet complete lifestyle towards developing perfect health which should be an interest and a guideline to those who look for a model of a healthy lifestyle.