In the digital age, the practical possibility of engaging inequalities as political problems, that is, as problems related to the competition for the control over the distribution of values in society, is undermined by the digital invisibility of reality
In the current state of affairs, the digitalization of society reflects the influence of capitalist interpellation and brings about the invisibility of the real. The invisibility of the real through capitalist digitalization, in turn, conflates digitization and digitalization subordinating the latter to the former. Construed as a process inspired by technological rationality, capitalist digitalization undermines the possibility of mobilizing knowledge and legitimizing practices in support of the interpretation of invisibilities in relation to inequalities and injustice.
In line with the critical perspective of Andrew Feenberg and others, my approach is that the influence of capitalism in the digital age results from an epistemic appropriation of a technological development. This appropriation is the source of invisibilities that support inequalities and ultimately injustices that can and should be opposed. Leading on from this, my point is that opposition to this influence depends on the possibility of establishing alternative epistemic grounds and the formulation of alternative interpellations for the production of digital subjectivity.
To foster the normative agenda of critical theory, I discuss this possibility in terms of the 'dialectics of the real', the re-politicization of the social construction of reality in the digital age and the role of critical media literacy.


Similar to ethylene process technology,in order to control water content in equipment and pipe and prevent freezing in separation unit,MTP process of Lurgi adopts absorbent to eliminate water content for compression downstream stream.The article introduced absorbent regeneration operation process of methanol to propylene in aspect of process.


Academic library collections and services have contributed to the development of education in journalism and mass communication for almost a century in North America. Their character has followed the lead of academic programs, beginning in midwestern state universities, where a small number of departmental libraries developed to support on-site needs of journalism instruction and academic study of the journalism profession, and to encourage current periodicals reading (Wilhoit, 1993). Today, the traditional role of journalism/communication libraries is changing radically with the availability of CD-ROM and on-line database services (see Wilhoit, 1991).(1)While academic libraries operate in an era of shrinking budgets and struggle to maintain their book and serial collections (Cummings et al. 1992), they are challenged to accommodate the expansion of electronic-based services that would supply extensive bibliographic or full-text sources of information. Some academic libraries are progressing toward a "cybrary" model with the development of local area networks (LANs) and digitalization processes, in which users would access library materials and databases anywhere on- or off-campus (see Bauwens, 1994; Kurzweil, 1993).(2) Students could consult reserve materials directly at their terminals in residence halls or apartments instead of reviewing them on-site in the library.Here lies the dilemma for library decision-makers in a time of budgetary cutbacks or stagnation: As some sources of information shift from print to cyberspace,(3) academic libraries are reallocating funds and stretching their staff resources to provide access to electronic sources. This "do more with less" strategy has led some libraries to consider alternatives to buying expensive serials subscriptions, such as electronic delivery of articles.Guideposts on how to create optimum journalism/communication library services are needed, but to date no research has even assessed how faculty and students in journalism and mass communication programs use the library. The few studies that surveyed U.S. journalism libraries deal exclusively with administration and operation matters (Allcorn, 1987; Paine & Paine, 1987; Wilhoit, 1991), not with patrons' uses, needs, or attitudes. The only study that shed some light on library usage reported that communications respondents use magazines more frequently and visit the library more frequently than the average respondent (Prather & Clemons, 1981). This article attempts to fill this gap found in the literature by surveying users of the Journalism Library at Indiana University.(4)The Journalism Library,(5) a branch library housed in the School of Journalism, serves the needs of three populations (faculty, graduate students, and undergraduate students) from three departments (journalism, speech communication, and telecommunications). The special qualities of the IU Journalism Library--its multidisciplinary mission and central location--make it an ideal case for the study of communication(6) library patrons. Furthermore, although the Journalism Library, like any other library, has specific characteristics, the data reported here can be useful to other communication libraries, as well as to communication programs, throughout the country.This study will provide communication educators with an understanding of how a journalism library is being used, as well as help library administrators establish priorities to meet communication faculty and students' needs better. As indicated above, most academic libraries are under severe budgetary pressures to contain costs while still being expected to offer the best resources to their users.Review of the LiteratureAlthough there is virtually no research investigating user services and resources in journalism/communication libraries, there is a growing body of literature that has surveyed users at large institutions, suggesting several general trends (for a review of early studies, see Prather & Clemons, 1981). …


A 2D UWB localization technique based on joint ToA/DoA in indoor dense multipath environment is proposed. In this method, direction of arrival (DoA) is estimated from time of arrival (ToA). The joint usage of ToA and DoA results in an accurate localization of the mobile node (MN). Unlike conventional methods, the proposed localization technique needs only one access point (AP) with an array structure. This consequently eases the synchronization requirement of the proposed localization scheme when compared to the classical ToA-based technique requiring 3 of more synchronized APs. To verify the proposed method real time UWB measurements in dense indoor multipath environment covering 2-6 GHz band were carried out. The results show that accurate 2D localization can be achieved using the proposed scheme. Furthermore, the accuracy performance of the proposed technique is compared to the classical ToA localization technique using more than 3 APs. The results, in terms of average range error, show that the ToA method slightly outperforms the proposed scheme for the LOS. However, for the NLOS the proposed scheme always provides a better position estimation (i.e. less average range error). For instance, the proposed technique provides an average range error of less than 2.3 cm for LOS and 12.3 cm for NLOS situations. The angular error is less than 0.5° and 1.48° for LOS and NLOS scenarios, respectively.


Weinstein's principle for an energy level, 〈H〉—Q≤Ej≤〈H〉+Q, gives both a lower and an upper bound and is applicable to both ground and excited states. Here, Q2=〈(H—〈H〉)2〉, all expectation values being calculated with respect to the same approximate wavefunction. An iterative method is proposed for solution of the necessary nonlinear equations. In tests on H2+ and H2, it is shown that the iterative method is workable, and that fair lower bounds are obtained. A formal perturbation theory is used to partly explain our results. Comparisons are made with the conventional variation method.


An apparatus and a method for resource allocation in a multi-hop relay BWA(Broadband Wireless Access) communication system are provided to allocate resources dynamically according to a frame structure for supporting multiple frequency bandwidths and the traffic load of each link, thereby supporting a relay service using the multiple frequency bandwidths and solving the efficiency deterioration of resources caused by the unbalance of load by each link. An i-numbered frame(300) is divided into a downlink sub frame(310) and an uplink sub frame(320) as time resources. The downlink sub frame and the uplink sub frame are divided into a first section(311,321) and a second section(313,323) by using the time resources. A TTG(Transmit/Receive Transition Gap)(331) of a time protection area exists between the downlink sub frame and the uplink sub frame. An RTG(Receive/Transmit Transition Gap)(333) of a time protection area exists between the i-numbered frame and an (i+1)-numbered frame. A BS(Base Station)(350) transmits a preamble, control information and a downlink burst successively to a terminal 1 connected by a link during the first section of the downlink sub frame. The BS transmits control information, a downlink burst, and a post amble to an RS(Relay Station)(360) successively during the second section. The control information included in the second section includes the resource allocation information of the control information about the resource allocation information of a control information area which the RS transmits to the terminal 1. The BS receives an uplink burst from the terminal 1 during the first section of the uplink sub frame. The BS receives the uplink burst from the RS during the second section. The RS transmits a preamble, control information, and a downlink burst successively to a terminal 2 connected by a relay link during the first section of the downlink sub frame. The RS receives control information, a downlink burst, and a post preamble from the BS during the second section successively. The RS receives the uplink burst from the terminal 2 during the first section of the uplink sub frame. The RS transmits the uplink burst received from the terminal 2 during the first section to the BS during the second section. An R-TTG(Relay TTG)(335) of a time protection area exists between the first section and second section of the downlink sub frame. An R-RTG(Relay RTG)(337) of a time protection area exists between the first section and second section of the uplink sub frame.


The relative goodness of fit of four competing factor models of the Counselor Rating FormShort was examined across client (N = 191) and nonclient (N = 111) samples by confirmatory factor analysis. The four models tested were (a) the single, general, positive-evaluation factor, (b) the three orthogonal factors (expertness, trustworthiness, and attractiveness); (c) the three oblique factors; and (d) a two-step hierarchical-factor model consisting of the three independent firstorder factors and an independent second-order general factor. Results of the confirmatory factor analyses supported the validity of the two-step hierarchical-factor model for both the client and nonclient samples. The factor structure of this two-step hierarchical-factor model was found to be invariant across the two samples.


Three commercially available digital galvanic isolation devices were evaluated for use on a low-earth orbit space mission with a seven year operational life. They were pre-screened for destructive single event effects before being tested for their total ionizing dose (TID) sensitivity.


A new approach to community-based nutritional surveillance has potential for improving programmes for growth promotion by focusing on the children at greatest risk and increasing the capacity for appropriate action. First, cross-sectional surveys can help to identify where malnutrition is distributed in the community so that high-risk groups can be targeted for intensive monitoring. Second, field studies can be conducted in parallel with general implementation to help define causal factors influencing local patterns of growth faltering and guide selection of an appropriate mix of interventions and methods to suit local conditions. This information can provide a better basis for training mothers, volunteers, and service personnel. Cultural, ecological, and economic constraints need to be identified as part of stimulating self-reliant community action. Demonstration of locally relevant and simplified procedures by a field research unit in each region should be linked with systematic extension to all parts of that region. These field research units should themselves be linked in a mutually supportive national and international network. Feedback of information from community-based surveillance can assist policy and administrative decisions for programme correction. These methods may provide our most direct means of introducing and measuring "adjustment with a human face."


$2K^+.C_6H_{11} O_9 P_{2-}. 5H_2O, M_r = 426.4$, monoclinic, $P2_1$, a=6"228 (1), b = 14.600(2), c = 8.982 (1) $\AA,\beta$ = 102.01 $(1)^0$, V= 798.4 $\AA^3$, Z= 2, $D_m$ = 1.756, $D_x = 1.773 Mg m^{-3}$, $\lambda(Cu K\alpha) = 1.5418 \AA, \mu = 7 mm^{-l}$, F(000) = 444, T= 293 K, R = 0.033, wR=0.035 for 1549 unique reflections with $I> 3\sigma(I)$. The ugar ring adopts a $^4C_1$ conformation. The conformation about the exocyclic C5-C6 bond is gauche-trans. The phosphate group exists as adianion with charges localized on 07 and 08 atoms. One of the metal ions binds to the phosphate group directly. All the hydroxyl O atoms, except O4-H, are involved in hydrogen bonding with the water O atoms


The solar power capacity depends on orientation angle of the solar panel. This study evaluates the angle dependence of solar power capacity for a summer season in 2017. Using three solar panels, with 10 Watt capacity each placed on a metallic frame to facilitate changing tilt and azimuth angles independently. Experiments were done for the first six days of three months, and the first three days of each month were used to measure voltages for different tilt angles by changing from 0° to 26° in steps of 2o. The remaining three days of a week of every month, the middle solar panel was fixed at a tilt angle that yielded maximum power while the two panels were moved with azimuth angles from 0o to 270 in steps of 3o to clockwise and counterclockwise with respect to the middle solar panel. A digital multimeter was used to record the circuit voltage of the solar panels with 10 ohms resistor serving as a load. Data gathering was done every ten minutes, during the daytime from 9:30 am to 16:30 pm. The study has shown that the maximum power output was obtained at the tilt angle of 4o in June and July, 2o in August and a season tilt was found at 4o. Maximum solar power outputs were obtained when solar panels facing east and west were oriented between 0o and 3o. This recommends that the maximum solar power production depends on the tilt angle of 4o and clockwise and counterclockwise of 3o orientation for this geographical location.


Objective To evaluate of venlafaxine extended-release tablets on the efficacy of functional recovery after stroke cases.Methods 50 stroke patients in the basic premise of the treatment and symptomatic treatment plus treatment with venlafaxine was observed on 7d,14d and 21d on European Stroke Scale(ESS)and Barhel index(BI)score,and compared with the control group.Results In venlafaxine group,the ESS score was significantly higher(P0.05)on 7d,14d and 21d.Compared with the control group,significant effective and efficient prognosis was observed(P0.05).Conclusion Early venlafaxine intervention have a role in promoting rehabilitation of stroke.


fiov The reactions 77 —» 27r+27r 27r° and 77 —* T+TT 7r°7r° have bcen studied by using the ARGUS detector at thc e+e~ storage ring DORIS II at DESY. In the 27r+27r~27r° final state the production of w-mesons is observed and in particular the reaction 77 —* wu; is seen for the first tirne. The cross section for 77 —t uw is found to have an enhancement at ~ 1.9GeV/c2 of about 12 nb. The topological cross sections for the reactions 77 —* 27r+27r~27r° and 77 —» u)7r+7r~7r° are also mcasured. The production of charged /3-mcsons is observed in the 7r+7r~Tr°7r0 final state. The cross section for the reaction 77 —> p+p~ is measured for the first tirne. The cross section did not show a threshold enhancement similar to that fonnd in the reaction 77 -+ p°p° and is about a factor of four smaller. A spin parity analysis of the p+p~ systern shows that the cross section is dominated by the t wo am pl i tu des JF — 0+ and J = 2+ wit l i helicity 2.


The SQL injection attack is a most common Internet website invasion method in the recent years.The theory of SQL injection attacks and the process of implementation and defensive measures are introduced in this paper.Then a kind of ASP.NET's URL Rewriting technology is used to establish an defense policy for it.


Hydrogen hectorite-water sol was prepared using mixed-bed ion-exchange resins. At 25° C., the rate of change of concentration with respect to time was determined for (a) strong-and weak-acid hydrogen ions; (b) low molecular weight, unassociated silicates; and (c) soluble, unassociated magnesium ion.


In this work, three passive techniques (ferrofluid, porous zone, curved surfaces) have been merged with one active technique (electric force) to enhance the convective rate. The permeable enclosure contains two curved walls and two straight walls which are not stationary. The concentration of ferrofluid within the domain is constant and associated formulations for properties of ferrofluid have been applied in modeling in which no slip velocity exists among particles. With define, measure, analyze, improve and control (DMAIC), the vorticity equation for partial equations which contain the source terms of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) and permeability, final equations have been achieved and for finding the solution combination of two basic techniques were utilized. Low deviation with a prior article in the validation procedure indicated a good agreement. Nu can augment around 0.49% if platelet particles were applied rather than sphere. Utilizing radiation in simulation makes Nu augment around 82.27%. Elevating Da in the absence and appearance of EHD leads to an augment of Nu around 145.01% and 393.38%. Appearance of EHD enhances the Nu about 96.04%.


Synthesis of a series of bismuth and oxyboron addition complexes of ful1erene through solid-state reaction between C60 and a (zinc. bismuth) borate glass at 6S0-700°C under argon atmosphere is reported here. Depending on the reaction conditions, different complexes are formed in different proportions which remain encased in the matrix of the glass imparting different colours to the composite. By controlling the reaction conditions, two composite glasses , one of green colour and the other of red colour have been obtained. Relatively better stability of these complexes enabled us to extract at least. the relativel y low molecular weight species of these complexes of the composites by eluting the latter with toluene. The complexes are characterized by UV -Vis-NIR absorption , mass and IR studies. It is observed that the bismuth ions of the glass add directly to the C60 cage, while borate ions, like osmate ions, add through oxygen. The composite glasses exhibit good non-linear optical properties and enhanced electrical conductivity showing a possibility of their use in different device applications .


Gondwana, with East Antarctica as its center, began to fragment during Late Triassic to Early Jurassic time. With the exception of the Permian or older convergent Pacific margin of the Antarctic Peninsula and Thurston Island, the margins of Antarctic are rifted or transform margins. The earliest seaway around the present-day margin of Antarctica developed during the Late Jurassic along the western part of Queen Maud Land of East Antarctica and may have included parts of the Weddell Sea margin of the Antarctic Peninsula. The next significant change occurred i130 Ma, with the opening of the South Atlantic and rifting of India from East Antarctica. Circulation of deep water into the South Atlantic was blocked by the Falkland Plateau, and open, deep water circulation between India and Antarctica was blocked by Sri Lanka. The Falkland Plateau cleared the southern tip of Africa i100 Ma, but circulation from the South Atlantic northward into the Central Atlantic probably did not begin until Santonian time. Slow spreading between Australia and Antarctica, and a complicated spreading regime between various New Zealand plates, may have opened a seaway as early as 80 Ma. However, major circulation was probably delayed until as late as 40 Ma, when Tasmania and the South Tasman Rise finally cleared north Victoria Land of East Antarctica. The final barrier to circumpolar circulation was in the region of southern South America and the northern Antarctic Peninsula. There, various continental fragments may have partially blocked Drake Passage until the Miocene. General cooling of the world's oceans accompanied early Tertiary opening between Australia and Antarctica and the later opening of Drake Passage.


ABSTRACT Caregivers to Alzheimer's patients are at risk for depression, partly due to restriction of self-oriented activities. This study tested if having more diversity in activities, doing activities more frequently, and/or engaging in more social or active activities predicted less negative and more positive affect. Caregivers (n = 25) completed an ecological momentary assessment questionnaire four times a day for two weeks – a total of 1,298 assessments – measuring engagement in self-oriented activities and affect at each assessment. Multilevel models revealed that more diversity in activities and more frequent engagement predicted better affect, particularly social activities. Bidirectional relationships were observed in which positive and negative affect carried forward to predict more subsequent activity engagement, particularly active activities. The reciprocal relationship between self-oriented activities and affect provides support for the Activity Restrictions Model for how depression develops in caregivers, and the potential for Behavioral Activation Therapy to reduce depressive mood.


As hydrologists, we seek to understand how ground water systems function and how they respond to natural and human stimuli. Over the past 30 years, numerical modeling has become a powerful component in our quest to understand ground water systems by providing a unifying framework to synthesize and organize information. Numerical modeling, when done correctly, leads to scientifically defensible answers to specific questions about ground water systems. Even though the field of ground water modeling is relatively mature, many modeling studies we encounter are poorly documented and some are just plain nonsensical. For example, we have seen models for which the sources of water are not consistent with the field system: constant-head boundaries are conveniently located on property lines, a ground water divide is represented as a constant-head boundary providing the main source of water to the system, recharge from precipitation far exceeds the amount of precipitation, and ponds are represented as constant-head boundaries with unlimited water. Such studies create skepticism about the value of the modeling exercise among investigators, legal representatives, water managers, and the general public. Increasingly, we find these groups proposing that, rather than rely on a model, we should rely on what they refer to as ''Hydro 101,'' the subjective evaluation of data with elementary hydrogeologic concepts. We feel this would be a step backward in our science. We believe that poorly documented models and nonsensical models are related. Both reflect the fact that many investigators treat models as computational tools rather than as elements of a scientific approach. Such investigators ''plug'' parameters and boundary conditions into a model code and ''chug'' out results. The results of such plug and chug models have an aura of scientific accuracy yet may fail to correspond to the actual physical system. A scientific approach is generally understood to be systematic and orderly. It is based on physical laws and is characterized by a lack of bias. Most importantly, the scientific approach produces results that are capable of being tested and reproduced (Schumm, S.A. 1991. To Interpret the Earth—Ten Ways to Be Wrong. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, p. 133). Such an approach is necessary to demonstrate that there is a scientific basis for conclusions. In order for the ground water model to be understandable, capable of being tested, and reproducible, a complete report is required. Incomplete documentation of a model makes it difficult if not impossible for a reader to determine if the boundary conditions and initial conditions are reasonable, if the calibration is adequate, and if the features and properties in the model are consistent with observations. There are well known standards for conducting and documenting models. Although we object to blind adherence to such standards, we object even more to the practice of citing yet ignoring such standards. We see reports in which code modifications are not adequately documented, the objectives of the study are not stated (or are so vague as to be useless), arbitrary boundaries are specified without justification for location or conditions, steady initial conditions are represented with no evidence that field conditions actually were steady, and the description of the conceptual model does not provide any idea of the relative magnitudes of sources and sinks for water. The practice of providing a computer storage medium with numerous files does not fulfill the need for a report. Following a scientific approach not only helps the reviewer but also helps the modeler. By following a scientific approach (and thoroughly documenting that approach in a report), the hydrologist is likely to discover errors that might cause embarrassment when the model is released for evaluation. One of the studies that prompted this editorial was so poorly documented that the modeler (as well as two consulting companies that had conducted reviews of the model) failed to notice that mixed units of meters and feet were used inconsistently as input for the model. Modeling is a powerful approach for conducting ground water studies. To be regarded as a scientific basis for drawing conclusions, however, modeling must be conducted in accordance with a scientific approach and the resulting model must be documented for review and testing. We challenge the ground water community to insist that model studies be properly documented and grounded in the scientific approach. Poor models and poorly documented models cause modeling as a practice and ground water hydrology as a science to be diminished.


In this paper, we exploit the second amendment to China's patent law in 2000, which for the first time affirmed equal treatment of state- and privately-owned enterprises in obtaining and enforcing ...


♦ Objective: There are various causes of halitosis, one of which is chronic renal failure. The objective of this study was to investigate halitosis levels in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients before and after peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy. ♦ Methods: 42 subjects with ESRD were included in this study. The presence of halitosis was assessed using an organoleptic measurement and compared with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and salivary flow rates. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and Community Periodontal Index (CPI) were calculated. All measurements were done before and after patients had received 3 months of PD therapy. ♦ Results: Mean serum BUN level was found to be lower (46.05 ± 13.30 vs 91.24 ± 31.28 mg/dL), salivary flow rate higher (0.34 ± 0.07 vs 0.26 ± 0.04 mL/minute), and halitosis level lower (2.39 ± 0.60 vs 3.90 ± 0.37) at the end of 3 months of PD therapy than at the beginning of PD therapy. There was no significant difference in CPI or DMFT index before and after PD therapy (p > 0.05). There was statistically significant positive correlation between the presence of halitosis and BUN levels (r = 0.702, p = 0.001 before PD; r = 0.45, p = 0.002 after PD) and a negative correlation between the presence of halitosis and salivary flow rates (r = –0.69, p = 0.000 before PD; r = –0.37, p = 0.01 after PD). ♦ Conclusion: High BUN levels and low salivary flow rates were found to be associated with halitosis. PD may play an important role in decreasing the level of halitosis in ESRD patients.


A human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02-restricted tumor associated antigen in the neuroligin 4 X-linked (NLGN4X) protein was found to be specifically overexpressed in human gliomas. Individualized multipeptide vaccination targeted NLGN4X and induced specific cytotoxic T cells responses in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.

 Post vaccination NLGN4X-tetramer-sorted T cells were subjected to single cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing for TCR discovery. The identified TCR was delivered to human T cells (NLGN4X-TCR-T) and functional profiling was performed by flow cytometry and in vitro cytotoxicity assays. NOD scid gamma (NSG) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I/II knockout (KO) (NSG MHC I/II KO) mice were challenged with NLGN4X-expressing experimental gliomas and treated with intracerebroventricular injection of NLGN4X-TCR-T to assess its therapeutic potential.

 We apply for the first time for therapeutic use of an HLA-A*02 restricted vaccine-induced TCR that binds to the NLGN4X antigen. We show the cytotoxic and polyfunctional phenotype of NLGN4X-TCR-T in various cellular models. Intracerebroventricular delivery of NLGN4X-TCR-T prolongs survival and leads to objective radiographic responses in experimental gliomas-bearing NSG MHC I/II KO mice.

 NLGN4X-TCR-T demonstrates efficacy in a preclinical experimental glioblastoma model. On a global scale, we provide first evidence for the therapeutic retrieval of vaccine-induced human TCRs for the off-the-shelf treatment of glioblastoma patients.


The influence of temperature (110 and 120 °C) on the ageing of piping made from polyamide 11 (PA-11) containing 10–12% of plasticizer was studied using deionized water (pH ≈ 7.0). A clean analytical methodology has been employed for quality control of polymeric materials: energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-XRF). It provides a fast and suitable technique to characterize chemical elements because of its multielemental capability, good sensitivity, high precision, short analytical time, and nondestructive nature. Herein, the content of additive in PA-11 was monitored from ED-XRF measurements where the abundance of the S line is directly related to the ageing time, agreeing with the thermogravimetric analysis. The XRF data were allied to chemometric treatment to classify PA-11 samples according to the amount of additive and weight average molar mass change, predicting the ageing time, and viscosity values of PA-11. Therefore, the XRF can be used as a clean analytical methodology to monitor the PA-11 degradation, thus eliminating the use of toxic organic solvents (necessary to viscosity measurements) and reducing the working time. Also, the effect of hydrolysis on the structure over time and the material morphology were monitored through measurements of dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The debate on conservation laws in general relativity eighty years ago is reviewed and restudied. The physical meaning of the identities T μ (M)ν(x) + T μ (G)ν(x) = 0 is reexamined and new interpretations for gravitational wave are given. The conclusions of these studies are distinct from the prevalent views, it can be demonstrated that gravitational wave does not transmit energy (and momentum) but only transmits information. An experimental test is offered to decide which conservation laws are correct. PACS 04.20.Cv, 04.30+x, 04.20.Me Typeset using REVTEX


Present paper deals with the calculations on the coupled torsion-horizontal bending vibrations of the beam of variable cross section having ship-like form in which the motion is considered as the shearing vibration that has been investigated in the preceding paper. One of the results of the measurements of the coupled frequencies of the vibration of a cargo vessel is shown for comparisons with numerical results of the present theory.


Three hundred (300) accessions of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc) among the 1973 maintained in the global repository at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, genebank were selected for this study. Two to three seeds of each accession were planted during the 2014 / 2015 planting season at IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. Seedlings were thinned to a single plant prior to flowering. Thirty - seven (37) agro-morphological parameters, representing 28 quantitative and 9 qualitative traits were recorded on each plant (IPGRI, 2000). The data were subjected to analysis using the statistics application system (SAS) software, version 9.3, both to depict correlation among parameters and eigen values with principal component on scree plot and dendrogram construction. The results revealed lines (e.g TVSu – 293, TVSu – 395, TVSu – 1243) that had high yield potentials. Also, TVSu -397 and TVSu – 1168 had the highest number of leaves while TVSu – 520 and TVSu – 1022 had the least. The least number of seeds per plant was given by TVSu – 1, TVSu – 353 and TVSu – 454, while TVSu – 395, TVSu – 618 and TVSu – 1897 gave the highest number of seeds at harvest. The result provides information necessary for future nutrition and breeding studies on Bambara groundnut and its improvement.


The properties of bituminous binders should meet specific requirements resulting from the load in the road pavement construction. The bituminous binder is expected to have the properties to ensure the durability of the asphalt mixture, the resistance of the asphalt mixture to permanent deformations at high temperatures (elastoplastic behaviour, stiffness) and at low temperatures to sufficiently stiffness and relaxation properties to resist low temperature cracking (cohesion and tensile strength of the binder). In order to improve the qualitative properties of bitumen and/or asphalt mixtures, additives and modifiers are applied e.g. to increase elasticity, improve adhesion to aggregate, reduce viscosity, increase ageing process resistance, prevent binder drainage from the surface of aggregate, etc. In some cases, the required properties can be modified by adding "natural" bitumen. Additives to improve adhesion are surfactants that reduce surface tension at the bitumen/aggregate phase and thus improve wetting. The results of the tested additives show their positive effect on the adhesion of bitumen to the aggregate determined according EN 12697-11 after 6 and 24 hours rolling in particular on the adhesion of paving grade bitumen to acidic and neutral aggregates (granodiorite, andesite, melaphyre). However, the results show that these additives also affect basic properties of bitumen binder as penetration, softening point, viscosity. The most significant changes have been made with the use of the Licomont BS100 and Sasobit wax additives (increase in the softening point of 13 to 43 oC) which move the bitumen to the values typical for the modified bitumen. By adding CWM and Wetfix BE additives, the bitumen became softer. In most cases, the additive has reduced the bitumen viscosity, the bitumen was less viscous, that allow better workability of the mixture and the possibility of lowering the working temperatures.


In allusion to the pressure compensation valve of LUDV multi-way valve,what a key role it played in the system and established its simulation model in AMESim was described.The model was proved to be accurate by simulation and experimental results.The results show that it would weaken the hydraulic shock by addding a small stiffness spring to the LS chamber of the pressure compensation valve,and by appropriately increasing the diameter of the orifice in the pressure compensation valve would not affect the valve's response speed either reduced hydraulic shock.


Jakarta as capital city of lndonesia has some environmental and energy sustainability problems. Someenvironmental problems at Jakarta are highly populated city and highly potential for natural disaster and energy resources due to geology condition of Jakarta area as an active island arc Indonesia. These matter cause the natural disaster, such as subsidence and groundwater level lowering. In this research, we lmproved geophysical methods, time-lapse microgravity to analyze and to make a model of subsidence source inJakarta. Using striping filter we can extract anomaly caused by subsidence and combined it with groundwater level changes data we got subsidence value based on it's sources such as groundwater withdrawal and other sources except ones. Based on time-lapse microgravity data and groundwater level changes data, we can analysize source of subsidence at all part of Jakarta.


The soybean protein as the raw material was hydrolyzed by enzymes to the largest degree with the product for maillard reaction. The ether-soluble components in the reaction products of the malliard reaction was detected by the GC-MS. The results show that there are more flavor compounds in the ether-soluble components (relative mass fraction is 86.3%), including:2-butenoic anhydride, methyl maltol, ethylhexyl phthalate, methyl tetradecane, palm methyl, methyl oleate, palm oil methyl ester etc. fourteen kinds of compounds with aromatic and esters.


The quantum dot of the present invention comprises a core-shell structure having at least one stabilizing layer, wherein the quantum dot has a stability index of about 90% or above.


This bachelor thesis deals with the development of social services in the region of Hradec Kralove. Opening chapters are devoted to definition of the basic terms and methods of the funding of social services according to Act of Social Services. Another part surveys the development of social services and their funding in the region of Hradec Kralove focusing on the contributory organizations established by self-government. In the final part, the transformation process of the residential social services is described.


In order to design six-bar linkage of shaper easily,the interface software about design and calculation was developed on the basis of VB6. 0. The software could be used to realize design calculation of sports diagram parametric drawing,working principle animation and the generating of movement characteristic curves of planer tool. At the same time,secondary development about SolidWorks software was carried out throught VB language. Using the API interfaces provided by SolidWorks,the three dimensional parametric model and automatic assembly of five kinds of transmission scheme for the six-bar linkage of shaper were realized. Finally database was established for the related design data. The development of the software has some significance on the design of six-bar linkage of shaper.


In the present work, the surface temperature history of a metal shell of the blunt nose of supersonic launch vehicle which is covered by a thermal protection coating is numerically predicted and compared with experimental data. The full Navier-Stokes equations are used to estimate the aerodynamic heat flux during flight, coupled with the governing equations for the thermal protection system to study the erosion rate and temperature variations. The results show the importance of the properties of the coating on accuracy of the numerical predictions.


The Diskursethik of Jurgen Habermas is analysed in order to consider, in the field of Ethical reflection, the change that Science and Technology drive into Society. It is pointed out that  Diskursethik  does not take into account the historicity of human being and suscribes a kantian position that separate rationality from phenomenology. Facing Habermas´s denial to recognize a value to science different from its submission to dictum of theoretical reason, this paper offers the main features of a dynamical ethics which sees the future of humanity and nature as its own object.


Several different designs for low-noise transimpedance amplifiers (TIA) are presented and discussed. Comparison of main performance characteristics of the approaches is provided based on the available literature in order to determine the one best suited for the target application. Discussion on typical performance numbers achievable using the discussed approaches is supported by analysis of the results reported in previous works. Conclusions are drawn and suggestions are made regarding the suitability of reference topologies for implementation of low-noise CMOS TIA.


: We reviewed recent reports related to trigeminal neuralgia. Radiological examination was not required, however, patient interview and physical examination were necessary for diagnosis alone. Considering that many patients were referred by oral-dental surgeons, trigeminal neuralgia is likely to be a disorder commonly encoun-tered by these specialists. They play an important role in the diagnosis of it. The differential diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia is important in order to initiate appropriate treatment. The patients with trigeminal neuralgia are usually treated with Tegretol at first. When Tegretol Ⓡ therapy is not applicable or proved to be less effective, the patients undergo other therapy, that are surgical therapy, gamma knife radiosurgery, and trigeminal nerve block. In the treatment of the patients with trigeminal neuralgia, the med-ical cooperation within neurosurgeons, oral-dentist surgeons, neurologists, and pain clinicians should be required.


In this paper, the recent advances of sensors incorporated in pacemakers are presented. Based on the functions and operations of modern pacemakers, a variety of sensors are described with their rationales, features and applications. Further improvements and future trend of body sensors are pointed out. The comparison of the sensors' features is performed.


We develop a general method for turning a primal-dual algorithm into a group strategy proof cost-sharing mechanism. We use our method to design approximately budget balanced cost sharing mechanisms for two NP-complete problems: metric facility location, and single source rent-or-buy network design. Both mechanisms are competitive, group strategyproof and recover a constant fraction of the cost. For the facility location game our cost-sharing method recovers a 1/3rd of the total cost, while in the network design game the cost shares pay for a 1/15 fraction of the cost of the solution.


With the growth of the Internet of Things and the rapid progress of social networks, everything appears to generate data. The ever-increasingnumberofconnecteddevicesisaccompaniedbyagrowthofthevolumeofdata, producedatanever-increasing rate, and this massive flow includes data types that are difficult to process using standard database techniques. One of the most critical scenarios is healthcare, whose activities need to store and manage a variety of data types – reports written in natural language, medical images, genomic data and waveforms of vital signs – which do not have a well-defined structure. In order to benefit from this large amount of complex data, Data Lakes have recently emerged as a solution to grant central storage and flexible analysis for all types of data. However, there is no Data Lake architecture that fits all the possible scenarios, since the architecture depends heavily on the application domain and, so far, there are no Data Lake architectures that support the specific needs of the healthcare domain. This work proposes HEALER: a Data Lake architecture that effectively performs data ingestion, data storage, and data access with the aim of providing a single central repository for efficient storage of different types of healthcare data. The architecture also enables the analysis and querying of the data, which can be loaded into the Data Lake regardless of their format and type. To verify the effectiveness of the architecture, a proof-of-concept of HEALER has been developed, that allows ingestion of various data, performs waveforms processing to make them more interpretable to researchers and analysts, grants access to the saved data and allows the analysis of natural language reports. Finally we studied the performance of the system in each of its main phases: ingestion, processing, data access and analysis. The results lead us to some important considerations to be taken into account when using and configuring the system components


This study aims to clarify the current state of the law regarding the prohibition of dismissal in the context of transfers of undertakings in Sweden and Germany. The prohibition of dismissal originates from Article 4.1 of the Transfer Directive (2001/23/EC) and is an integral part of the European Union's employment protection framework, primarily aimed to protect employments by restricting dismissals grounded in transfers.

The study analyses the subject matter through a comparative perspective, as well as reflects on its results in light of the European Union's flexicurity strategy. In order to functionally compare the two jurisdictions, a broad account of the national employment protection systems has been employed, detailing primarily the requirements for ordinary dismissal, re-engagement norms, and the principles for selection in dismissal of employees. The underlying Union law is also thoroughly illuminated as the principle of primacy and the obligation of conform interpretation makes its understanding essential for the interpretation of national law.

The prohibition of dismissal as prescribed in Union law establishes an order where a transfer in itself must be the sole reason for dismissal in order for the prohibition to be invoked. The exemption for economic, technical and organisational reasons also detailed in Article 4.1 is in the study concluded to primarily constitute an illumination of the prohibition, intended to clarify that lawful grounds for dismissals of such character, already prescribed in the Member States national legal order, do not invoke the prohibition.

The German national implementation in § 613a para. 4 BGB closely adheres to the order prescribed by the Union. The Swedish implementation in 7 § 3 para. LAS in contrast, divergences from the Union order by constructing an absolute prohibition of dismissal, invoked at a point in time of the transfer process. The divergence from Union law favours employment protection over the freedom to conduct business and the managerial prerogative, potentially in conflict with the Directive's dual purpose as reformulated through the case Alemo-Herron, and in breach of the obligation to conform interpretation.

In light of flexicurity, the study concludes that the German implementation of the prohibition better balances the two interests of flexibility and security. The Swedish order, while it temporarily leads to slightly prolonged employments in the transfer situation, significantly infringes on the managerial prerogative and the flexibility of the transferor and transferee.


The holotypes of the Cenozoic fossil wasps attributed to the family Figitidae, which were described in the first half of the 20 th century by Charles T. Brues and Georg Statz from Florissant (USA) and Rott-am-Siebengebirge (Germany) sites respectively, have been restudied. The following new taxonomic changes are proposed: Palaeogronotoma ? sola (Brues) n. comb ., Aulacidea rotundata (Statz) n. comb ., A. plana (Statz) n. comb . and A. spiniger (Statz) n. comb . The three last species listed have changed their taxonomic position, as the extant genus Aulacidea belongs to family Cynipidae, not Figitidae as was considered originally in 1938. The revision of one Baltic amber fossil species originally described in 1919, shows that it has a unique set of characters within Cynipidae, allowing the description of a new tribe: Kinseycynipsini n. tribe . Taxonomical comments about other three fossil cynipid species are provided. The correct taxonomical placement of the figitid and cynipid fossil species described ca. one century ago is important for understanding the evolution of these two cynipoid families, which play an important ecological role in the extant terrestrial ecosystems. In addition, updated lists of figitid and cynipid fossil species known are also provided.


The course of Technology in Environmental Management has the purpose of training professionals to work in several environmental areas, including public administration. With the objective of analyzing the contents from the National Examination of Performance (ENADE) and from some public tenders related to the performance of environmental management technologist, it was developed a database with ENADE examinations applied in 2010 and 2013, and 30 examinations of public tenders for positions of environmental manager applied in a national scope from 2004 to 2013. Next, based on the database, themes were identified according to the Table of Knowledge Areas of CNPq, followed by the analysis of approaches and proportions of the themes used in the examinations. Finally, themes were compared with the core curriculum of the educational project of the Environmental Management Technology Course of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul , as a case study. The results showed that the most prominent area was Environmental Sciences, with about 50% of questions, both in ENADE and in public tenders. Regarding the educational project of the institution, all major areas are addressed, but not all areas and sub-areas identified in this investigation are directly addressed during the training of the environmental manager.


The Hirschberg algorithm is commonly used for protein sequence alignment, which is a very important task in bioinformatics. This article presents the AFMC framework for using the Hirschberg method to perform sequence alignment in multiple cloud computing services of different models, such as Infrastructure‐as‐a‐Service and Function‐as‐a‐Service (FaaS). Experiments were carried out in which several instances of AWS EC2, Azure VMs and Google Compute Engine as well as varied configurations of AWS Lambda, Azure Function, and Google Cloud Function were used to pairwise align COVID‐19 spike proteins. The services were submitted to different levels of simultaneity to align the genetic sequences. The findings reveal that there is a tradeoff between predicted execution time and cost for this application, for example, FaaS‐oriented cloud service models generally took less time to process the workloads. On the other hand, it was observed that, as the level of concurrence increased, there was a marked augmentation in cost. In this context, a framework that provides multi cloud solutions for bioinformatics such as AFMC is essential.


Quinoxaline constitutes a fused heterocycle compoundcontaining pyrazine and benzene moieties, has gained a significant attention in the field of bioorganic and medicinal chemistry. Quinoxaline derivatives have demonstrated numerous pharmacological activities and are used as building blocks in pharmaceuticals, agrochimicals, inhibitors, pigments, herbicides and fine chemicals. This review aims to be a comprehensive and general summary of the different quinoxaline syntheses. We are also interested in their reactivity towards several reagents, as well as their biological activities.


Drosophila ether-à-go-go (eag) is the founding member of a large family of voltage-gated potassium channels, the KCNH family, which includes Kv10, 11 and 12, (Ganetzky et al. 1999). Concurrent binding of calcium/calmodulin (Ca+2/CaM) to N- and C-terminal sites inhibits mammalian EAG1 channels by causing pore constriction (Whicher and MacKinnon 2016) at sub-micromolar Ca2+ concentrations (Schonherr et al. 2000). Although the Drosophila EAG channel was believed to be Ca2+-insensitive (Schonherr et al. 2000), both the N- and C-terminal sites are conserved. Here we show that Drosophila EAG is inhibited by high Ca2+ concentrations that are likely only present at plasma membrane Ca2+ channel microdomains. To test the role of this regulation in vivo, we engineered mutations that block CaM-binding to the major C-terminal site of the endogenous eag locus, disrupting Ca2+-dependent gating. eag CaMBD mutants have reduced evoked release from larval motor neuron presynaptic terminals and show decreased Ca2+ influx in stimulated adult projection neuron presynaptic terminals. These results are consistent with a conductance-based multi-compartment model of the presynaptic terminal. The reduction of release in the larval neuromuscular junction drives a homeostatic increase in motor neuron somatic excitability. This misregulation of synaptic and somatic excitability has consequences for systems-level processes and leads to defects in associative memory formation in adults. Significance Statement Regulation of excitability is critical to tuning the nervous system for complex behaviors. We demonstrate here that the EAG family of voltage-gated potassium channels exhibit conserved gating by Ca2+/CaM. Disruption of this regulation in Drosophila results in a decreased evoked neurotransmitter release due to truncated Ca2+ influx in presynaptic terminals. In the larval motor system, the blunting of evoked responses triggers a homeostatic increase in somatic excitability, which would act to compensate for the decrease in muscle stimulation. In adults, disrupted Ca2+ dynamics lead to defects in memory formation. These data demonstrate that the biophysical details of channels can have widespread effects on behavior at the level of cellular compartments and circuits.


This research aims to determine the effect of team cohesion on work engagement with the mediating role of psychological empowerment. JD-R model is used to explain the phenomenon. We learn about how people who are engaged in ongoing working in team give an impact on people work engagement. Based on quantitative research from 557 participants from Indonesian military forces that were temporarily placed to carry out peace missions on conflict countries. By using Process to analyze data, we found that psychological empowerment partially mediate the relationship of team cohesion on work engagement (path a: Coeff = .29, SE = .04, p < .01, 95%CL .22 to .37; path b: Coeff = .23, SE = .03, p < .01, 95%CL .17 to .30; path c', Coeff = .10, SE = .03, p < .01, 95%CL .04 to .17).


An experimental microwave troposcatter communication link established between the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, and the Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, is described briefly in the paper. The link, which spans 158 km, operates in the C-band.The fading nature of the signal received over a spread of a few months is analysed with the help of a computerized data acquisition system. Space-diversity signals are analysed in terms of correlation between them, their rate of fading, fade depth, probability distribution function, etc. The median levels and cross-correlation for morning hours are found to be generally higher than those for afternoon hours. No significant variation is found in the density distribution plots upto the minimum sampling rate of 10 Hz for signals received over a period of six minutes. Spectral analysis of the fading signals is also reported.


We report formation of polycarbazole (PCz)–graphene nanocomposite over indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate using electrochemical technique for fabrication of high performance Schottky diodes. The synthesized nanocomposite is characterized before fabrication of devices for confirmation of uniform distribution of graphene nanosheets in the polymer matrix. Pure PCz and PCz-graphene nanocomposites based Schottky diodes are fabricated of configuration Al/PCz/ITO and Al/PCz-graphene nanocomposite/ITO, respectively. The current density–voltage (J-V) characteristics and diode performance parameters (such as the ideality factor, barrier height, and reverse saturation current density) are compared under ambient condition. Al/PCz-graphene nanocomposite/ITO device exhibits better ideality factor in comparison to the device formed using pure PCz. It is also observed that the Al/PCz-graphene nanocomposite/ITO device shows large forward current density and low turn on voltage in comparison to Al/PCz/ITO device.


The paper systematically reviews and summarizes the problems and achievements, which are found in dynamic parameter based structural health diagnosis in the past two decades. Some popular structural health diagnosis methods which are model based and model free are expanded and improved. A series of novel structural health diagnosis formula are proposed. This paper discovers that ① and (0, where, and are the global stiffness matrix, modal eigenvalue, and modal shape of structure, respectively.② With respect of damaged structure, the event of emerging=0 and=0 at the same time is impossible. So it is certain that structural damage can be expressed completely by the change of . This discovery provides answers for the first time a longtime for the debate in the world whether the structural inner dynamical feature is sufficient to be the basis of structural damage recognition and localization. And our answer is positive.③ Strain type dynamic parameters are usually more sensitive to structural damages than displacement type. ④It is feasible to design a mixed type dynamic parameter based structure intelligent health diagnosis system. This system is based on the integration of the generalized genetic algorithm and artificial neural network, which use self learning function of artificial neural network and the global optimization capability of the generalized genetic algorithm. What is more, the knowledge bank is capable to realize self revolution.


A vectorial coupled mode theory is used to analyze sol-gel ridge waveguides with UV-light imprinted Bragg grating. The effect of device parameters on grating reflectivity is investigated. It is shown that 100% reflectivity for both TE and TM modes can be achieved using short (1 - 2 mm) gratings. The measured reflectivity in a ridge waveguide with grating agrees with the theoretical predictions for TE and TM modes.


The main objective of the present chapter is to analyze the structure and features governing the relations between Iran and Russia in different political, economic, and social spheres in the period from the fall of Isfahan (1722) to the rise of the Qajar dynasty (1796) and to study the reasons for the difference in these relations compared to previous periods and Russia's actions in Iran's territory (the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus) with an emphasis on the developments in both countries, the role of ethnic minorities and local khanates, and the effect of regional and international conditions on the relations between the two countries.


1523 emifacial microsomia is the second most common developmental craniofacial anomaly after cleft lip and palate and affects one of every 5600 live births [1]. More than 15 terms, including Goldenhar's syndrome and oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia, have been applied to this disease, with each term representing the perspectives of different specialists. Diagnostic imaging is important in the presurgical evaluation of patients with this anomaly; however, the broad spectrum of abnormalities encountered in patients with hemifacial microsomia can be confusing. Hemifacial Microsomia in Pediatric Patients: Asymmetric Abnormal Development of the First and Second Branchial Arches Raymond W. Sze 1 , Angelisa M. Paladin 1 , Samson Lee 2 , Michael L. Cunningham 3


INTEREST AND ATTENTION AS CATEGORIES OF POLITICAL SCIENCE ANALYSIS
The concept of interest is used in describing and explaining political activities in various aspects: in terms of motive, intention, calculation. An individual participating in political activity represents a tangle of interests requiring coordination and selection: self-interest (personal and separate), self-interest as its share in the interest of the community, common interest with partners, allies, superior interest of society, group, party, church requiring sacrifices at one's own expense. Thus, following an interest is a choice in a situation of tension, conflict of interests, not only external, but also internal. Interest materializes in the decisions and actions of the subject on the basis of the fact that at a given moment and in a given case, he is interested in something. The willingness of individuals to participate in the community, to identify with it, to be active and to make sacrifices for the common good, and to perform common tasks, depends on whether it has a sense of influence, a satisfying share of the benefits. An individual takes action if there is a correspondence between what is expected of him and what he himself is interested in.


A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of different composts with different maturities and inoculation on tomato growth and soilborne disease suppression in the greenhouse.The regulating functions of different composts on soil microbial community were studied by Biolog method.The results showed that all composts could increase the plant height and biomass obviously,and the disease severity was reduced.The effect of two-time inoculated compost on controlling bacterial wilt was better than those of one-time inoculated and non-inoculated composts.The effects of the composts with different composting time were not significantly different.Average well color development(AWCD) and soil microbial functional diversity indices(Shannon index,Simpson index and McIntosh index) of 30-day composts were increased at early stage,while those of 20-day composts were increased at middle and late stages.Compared to one-time inoculated and non-inoculated composts,two-time inoculated composts could increase AWCD and soil microbial diversity indices more rapidly.


Although metal marking behavior of dinnerware glaze has been a persistent problem in the industry, a clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains elusive. Metal marks are defined as dark lines, often accompanied by damage in the glaze, caused by the deposition of metal during the use of metal utensils. It has been reported that certain types of glazes metal mark to a greater degree than other glazes. In this study, the mechanism of metal marking generation is proposed based on microstructural observations and friction measurements of matte, gloss, and zircon-opacified gloss glazes. Zircon crystallization was also evaluated to verify the effects of crystallization on the glaze properties including surface roughness and friction against metal. Severe metal marking was found in the zircon-opacified glaze; no glaze damage was observed in the matte and gloss glazes. Zircon increases the glaze's coefficient of friction, by the presence of protruding micron-sized zircon particles, resulting in crack formation on the glaze surface and allowing metal particles to be imbedded.


In this paper we propose an interactive user friendly tool to design tree models. Our tool enables more flexible and rapid construction of procedural models by use of graphs to design local branch parameters as vector data. Our obtained procedural models can also be shaped by placing them in natur al environments. Built procedural models can be used in up to pe rleaf precision animation for simulation of afforestation.


The spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of seismic activity before 2008 Wenchuan M(subscript s)8.0 earthquake are studied. Some results are as follows: ① background gap of M≥5.0 earthquakes formed in the area of Longmenshan fault zone and its vicinity 38 years before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. A seismogenic gap of ML 4.0 earthquakes appeared in the same area 6.5 years prior to the Wenchuan earthquake. It is noticed that one year before the Wenchuan earthquake some particular earthquakes with M(subscript L)4.0-5.0 occurred successively in Longmenshan fault zone and its two end regions, and the original gap was reduced. ② Western China mainland and its adjacent area has been in the seismically active period since 2001, while the inner land of China is seismically inactive, with remarkable quiescence of M≥7.0, M≥6.0 and M≥5.0 earthquakes. ③ The activity of M≥7.0 earthquakes in the South-North Seismic Zone showed temporally quasi-cyclic variation and spatial migration from south to north. The occurrence of the Wenchuan earthquake itself followed this feature. A quiescence area of M7.0 earthquakes formed in the middle and northern part of the South-North Seismic Zone since 1988 and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred in it. ④ The seismic activity obviously strengthened and a doughnut-shape pattern of M≥4.6 earthquakes appeared in the middle and southern part of the South-North Seismic Zone after the 2003 Dayao, Yunnan, earthquake. Sichuan province and its vicinity in the middle of the doughnut-shape pattern were obviously quiescent. In the same time, earthquake swarms were often seen and showed heterogeneous temporal and spatial distribution. A swarm gap appeared in the quiet area of M4. 6 earthquakes and the Wenchuan earthquake occurred just on the margin of the gap. Earthquake swarms occurred quite frequently during the 8 months before Wenchuan earthquake. ⑤Quiescence of ML4.0 earthquakes appeared in Qinghai-Xizang block 7 months before Wenchuan earthquake and the quiescence state gradually disappeared since 13 January 2008. Before the Wenchuan earthquake the quiescence area reduced to the region of Bayankala block and the Wenchuan mainshock occurred just in eastern boundary zone of the block. A belt of ML3.0 earthquakes striking in NW-SE direction, which obliquely crosses to the Longmenshan fault zone, formed 3 months before the Wenchuan earthquake in the seismogenic gap.


The technology of automatic recognition of geomorphologic landscape based on raw images captured by aerial craft has an extensive future. A new method called SARICIT (SAR Image Classification using Inquiry Table) is put forward which utilizes texture features based on Gabor filter banks and local binary pattern to classify the SAR images. In the first place,images in the training set to train the hybrid neural network (HNN) is used. After that,a two-dimensional classification inquiry table by using a new set of labeled training images is made of. In the phase of classifying a new image is made,two kinds of texture features is extracted,got category labels from two classifiers and gave the category result using a voting mechanism based on the classification inquiry table. The experimental results with the ground truth data bore out that our method can give more accurate result compared to the traditional approach that uses only one kind of texture feature thus justifying the applicability to SAR images.


A new synthesis of the thiadiazocine ring is reported together with an investigation of the diverse chemical reactions of pyrrolo[1,2-a][3,1,6]benzothiadiazocines.


This paper questions whether the spread between long and short-term interests rates is a good cyclical indicator of US economic activity. Probit regressions using the term spread as an independent variable are used to forecast the probability of a recession and the forecasts are evaluated. Using alternative probability thresholds, the turns that were predicted, their timing and the number of recessions that were not forecast were identified and the tradeoff between the number of missed and false predictions is examined. A quantitative measure of the forecast errors is also used to compare the accuracy of probit forecasts with those of two naive standards. Finally, the term spread is evaluated purely as an indicator. It is concluded that this series, by itself, is not a reliable predictor of economic activity.


Ephraim Asculai worked at the Israel Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) for over 40 years, mainly on issues of nuclear and environmental safety. In 1986, he went to work at the International Atomic Energy Agency in Vienna on issues of radiation protection of the public. During 1990 91, he was the Scientific Secretary of the International Chernobyl Project. In 1992, Asculai returned to Israel and became heavily involved in the deliberations leading to the conclusion of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. In his final period at the IAEC, he served as the Director of External Relations. During his sabbatical at the Institute for Science and International Security in Washington, DC he authored Verification Revisited: The Nuclear Case. Dr. Asculai retired from the civil service in 2001. In 2002, he joined the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies (now incorporated into the Institute for National Security Studies). He has since published several papers dealing with WMD nonproliferation in general, and Middle East issues in particular, including the monograph Rethinking the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Regime in 2004. He received his PhD in Atmospheric Sciences from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.


Crossing the borders of religion presents challenges and provides opportunities. This article presents a contextualized case study from Aotearoa New Zealand, examining the lifelong relationship between Presbyterian missionary Rev. John "Hoani" Laughton (1891–1965) and Māori leader Rua Kēnana (1869–1937). Photography, as a tool in discerning lived theologies, suggests a side-by-side relationship of reciprocity and particularity. Relationships across differences are revealed not in theory but in lived practices of education, worship and prayer, life and death. The argument is that Kēnana and Laughton enacted theologies of fulfillment, grounded in different epistemologies: mātauranga Māori and Enlightenment thinking.


The importance of career guidance for secondary school students has received considerable attention during the first decade of the 21st century from the Organisation for Economic and Cultural Development (OECD), and the Australian and New South Wales Governments. However such attention prompts the question as to whether the significant providers of such guidance are receiving the career management that they require for themselves. These providers are identified for the purpose of this paper as secondary school careers advisers in New South Wales Department of Education and Training (NSWDET) schools. However, it is acknowledged that similar providers exist in other State and Territory government-run secondary schools and both Catholic and private secondary schools throughout Australia. This paper uses a stakeholder perspective to investigate whether the secondary careers advisers in NSWDET schools are able to sustain their careers based on the career management that they currently receive.


Vocabulary learning is very necessary and an indispensable part of any language learning process. In the ESL context, vocabulary not only supports the four language skills; listening, speaking, reading, and writing, but also mediates between ESL students and content-area classes in that the students often find that lack of vocabulary knowledge is an obstacle to learning. This article focuses on and discusses effective  strategies  for teaching vocabulary to young learners which greatly assist English language learners in their journey of language acquisition and also expedite the language learning process Kata kunci : effective strategies, vocabulary, young learners


Nurse initiated x-rays have been introduced to Emergency Departments in order to decrease lengthy waiting times for patients with minor injuries. This practice was commenced at the Royal Brisbane Hospital in May 2000 for a trial period of three months. Protocols and a training program were established for clinical nurses permitting them to request x-rays on patients with isolated limb injuries. The Royal Brisbane experience has shown positive results with waiting times being cut by an average of 56 minutes during the trial period. This trial has demonstrated that a clinical nurse with experience and training has the ability to competently order x-rays on patients with isolated limb injuries. Radiographer acceptance of the system is increasing after participation in a trial with positive results but it likely to diminish if the system is not continued with such enthusiasm. (author abstract)


1,3-Diaryltriazenes, ArN:N·NHAr, react with hydrido or low-oxidation state phosphine complexes of the platinum metals to afford products containing monodentate or chelate 1,3-diaryltriazenido (ArNNNAr–) ligands. Highly coloured, air stable, crystalline products synthesised in this manner include 1,3-diaryltriazenido derivatives of ruthenium :Ru(ArNNNAr)2(PPh3)2, RuH(ArNNNAr)(CO)(PPh3)2, RuCl(ArNNNAr)(CO)(PPh3)2; osmium: Os-(ArNNNAr)2(PPh3)2, OsH(ArNNNAr)(CO)(PPh3)2, OsH3(ArNNNAr)(PPh3)2; rhodium: RhH2(ArNNNAr)(PPh3)2, Rh(ArNNNAr)3, RhCl(ArNNNAr)2(PPh3), Rh(NO)(ArNNNAr)2(PPh3), Rh(ArNNNAr)(CO)(PPh3)2[Rh(Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2)2][ArNNNAr]; iridium: IrH2(ArNNNAr)(PPh3)2, IrHCl(ArNNNAr)(PPh3)2; palladium; cis- and trans-Pd(ArNNNAr)2(PPh3)2; and platinum: cis- and trans-Pt(ArNNNAr)2(PPh3)2, Pt(ArNNNAr)2[Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2](n= 2–4), and PtCl(ArNNNAr)(PR3)2(R = Et or Ph). The new complexes are characterised, and their stereochemistry determined, by i.r. and n.m.r. spectroscopy.


Purpose - This study is intended to look into the influences of restaurant consumers e-WOM information communication on product perception risk,...


Classically, molecular phylogenetic trees of Phyllostomidae have been inferred using a combination of a few mitochondrial and nuclear markers. However, there is still uncertainty in the relationships, especially among deep clades within the family. In this study, we provide newly sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes from 26 bat species, including genomes of 23 species reported here for the first time. By carefully analysing these genomes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods and different ingroup and outgroup samples, partition schemes and data types, we investigated the robustness and sensitivity of our phylogenetic results. The optimal topologies were those inferred from the complete data matrix of nucleotides, with complex and highly parameterized substitution models and partition schemes. Our results show a statistically robust picture of the evolutionary relationships between phyllostomid subfamilies and clarify hitherto uncertain relationships of Lonchorhininae and Macrotinae.


Based on rural as research object, this paper mainly combines the local rural development present situation to measure rural carbon emissions, and with the help of Kaya model respectively. The rural residents' energy consumption and carbon emissions are generated by the impact factors of agricultural production LMDI decomposition. And it established the cointegration model of influence factors of the carbon in the empirical analysis. It seek a accord with the actual situation of rural low carbon economy development path.


Abstract Thermosyphon based evacuated tube solar collectors have seen exponential growth in the last few decades for domestic hot water applications. The output temperatures of such collectors can be increased by integrating evacuated tube receivers with compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs) to meet many industrial heat loads. This paper presents a new concept of increasing concentration of solar radiation along the length of an evacuated tube receiver coupled with a modified CPC with 52.5° and 38.5° acceptance half-angles at the inlet and outlet sides respectively. The effect of varying concentration ratio in the longitudinal direction is analyzed in terms of increasing heat flux and temperature gradient between the inlet and outlet of the receiver. Monte Carlo ray-tracing analysis confirmed a gradual increase of power density along the length of the receiver paired with the modified CPC. The daily average energy collection by the modified CPC was comparable with that of equal aperture area CPC with a fixed concentration ratio along its length. The experimental results demonstrated about a 15% higher temperature gradient in the case of CPC with a varying concentration ratio as compared to equal aperture area CPC with a fixed concentration ratio single-phase thermosyphon flow.


Hans Berger, considered as the father of electroencephalography, described in 1930 the blockage of alpha activity due to sound stimulation in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the awake human. Later, Loomis'" and Davis! reported the changes produced by sound stimuli in the EEG of man during sleep. Davis" also described the effects of sound stimuli on the EEG of wake subjects. Recently Doerfler," Marcus.l" Marcus;" Gidoll.l! Perl,23 Derbyshire" and Withrow and Goldstein'" have used the above mentioned findings to try to evaluate hearing in children and adults with different degrees of hypoacusis, in simulators and in individuals with normal hearing. Other researchers such as Suzuki and Asawa,25 Rosenblut'" and Mills I 9 have studied the changes of the EEG produced by sound stimuli in adults during wakefulness and sleep with other purposes.


When assessing effects of advertisements on themselves and on people in their mid-40s and 70s, more than 30% of respondents drew upon negative stereotypes when making estimates about effects of advertising messages on the elderly. There was no difference between first-year university students and seniors majoring in advertising in the rate of stereotyping. Results of earlier studies have suggested that greater levels of education and more in-depth knowledge of advertising might account for differences between them. Those not using stereotyping were more apt to have cited an exemplar.


In this work, we propose methods for speeding up linear regression distributively, while ensuring security. We leverage randomized sketching techniques, and improve straggler resilience in asynchronous systems. Specifically, we apply a random orthonormal matrix and then subsample \textit{blocks}, to simultaneously secure the information and reduce the dimension of the regression problem. In our setup, the transformation corresponds to an encoded encryption in an \textit{approximate gradient coding scheme}, and the subsampling corresponds to the responses of the non-straggling workers; in a centralized coded computing network. This results in a distributive \textit{iterative sketching} approach for an $\ell_2$-subspace embedding, \textit{i.e.} a new sketch is considered at each iteration. We also focus on the special case of the \textit{Subsampled Randomized Hadamard Transform}, which we generalize to block sampling; and discuss how it can be modified in order to secure the data.


Innovation has been at the forefront of procurement policy in Denmark in recent years. The policy incentives emphasize public procurement of innovation as a way to accelerate the development and application of environmental and health technologies, but also as a way to achieve a competitive advantage, growth and job creation. This paper uses a single case study to illustrate the procurement of a chemical-free cleaning system by the local government in Denmark. It describes the public procurement of innovation project in the response to an unsolicited bid from the supplier, and highlights the importance of innovation-friendly procurement practice for supporting innovation. The study identified indirect innovation effects of public procurement and number of conditions that have supported success of public procurement of innovation project such as close and early engagement with supplier; role of supplier acting as a technology champion; competence for applying functional specification; political support; sufficient resource allocation and institutional match between involved organizations. These findings lend support to the idea that public procurement of innovation may have occurred as a result of innovation-friendly procurement practice regardless of the lack of an explicit intention to promote innovation and challenge assumptions on which emerging policy initiatives are based on. These findings also suggest that the local government procurement may have a role to play in supporting innovation that goes beyond current definition of public procurement as a mission-oriented instrument to be exploited for resolving social challenges. These understandings could contribute to further policy development that may lead to a situation where public procurement of innovation is utilized to a greater extent than it is today in Denmark.


In a paper the mode and a procedure of accounts of lifecycle for systems of catching of light fractions of a hydrocarbon on the basis of an ejector heat exchangers are reduce. Thinness of accounts for different systems that it is necessary to allow at projection of devices is display. The introduced procedure of lifecycle allowed evaluating qualitatively a plant at projection and maintenance.


We studied the depth and residence time of migrating juvenile salmonids in the forebays of hydropower dams before their passage through turbines or Juvenile Bypass Systems. This valuable information will increase our understanding of fish passage and help us identify possible management operations or better turbine designs.


Numerous physical processes are modeled by partial differential equations and are often instrumented with boundary actuators and sensors. A major new effort has been underway in recent years to develop constructive designs of boundary control laws for unstable PDE systems. This development draws upon the ideas of "backstepping" synthesis for nonlinear ODEs from the 1990s and is an infinite-dimensional, continuum extension of backstepping. Initial efforts on infinite-dimensional backstepping focused on linear PDEs and produced a set of methodologies, for all of the major classes of PDEs, that results in elegant formulae for the gain functions of the feedback laws, which do not require the solution of operator Riccati equations. The most recent efforts pushed even further, into developing an adaptive control approach for PDEs, with unknown functional parameters and output feedback, and into developing feedback linearizing control designs for nonlinear PDEs. The most significant application-driven results in this expanding area of research have so far been for turbulent and magnetohydrodynamic flows, such as those that arise in aerodynamics applications, and in plasma and liquid metal flow problems in tokamak fusion reactors. This talk will present highlights of various methods and applications of infinite-dimensional backstepping.


utterly, with the original villains, corrupt police officials, becoming 'irredeemable' civilian 'bad apples'. The frustrating thing about ANT is that it is hard to generalize, let alone draw conclusions, from the specific example, and other methodologies, and some context, are needed. Though present in the room, Lam was not party to everything that happened – as she notes, she didn't overhear the phone calls – and fascinating though the analysis of the transformation of the script is, it only provides the traces of network power play, with no names attached. There are, then, some illuminating moments in this book, mostly in Chapters three and four, but much of the rest seems overextended. In placing these three books alongside each other, questions of method are inevitably foregrounded. Genre as an interpretative framework emerges well from the comparison, providing one accepts that genre is a flexible, capacious – in Turnbull's words, promiscuous – term. All three books make a clear case for the importance of crime dramas both to TV itself (where would prime-time TV be without them?) and to the nature of the conversation that societies have with themselves. In this, crime drama, even at its most stylized and extravagant, remains true to its realist roots, showing 'how things really are' whilst demonstrating that 'how' is complex and variable.


In this paper, a tracking control algorithm based on sliding mode prediction for a class of discrete‐time uncertain systems is presented. By creating a special model to predict the future sliding mode function value and by combining feedback correction and receding horizon optimization approaches, which are extensively applied in predictive control strategy, a discrete‐time sliding mode control law for tracking problem is constructed. With the designed control law, closed‐loop systems have strong robustness to matched or unmatched uncertainties as they eliminate chattering. Besides, in the robustness analysis, the boundary condition for uncertainties, which is a universal presupposition in sliding mode control method, is not required. Numerical simulation and cart‐pendulum experiment results illustrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.


Resistance to oxidation and blanching is a key issue for advanced copper alloys under development for NASA's next generation of reusable launch vehicles. Candidate alloys, including dispersion-strengthened Cu-Cr-Nb, solution-strengthened Cu-Ag-Zr, and ODS Cu-Al2O3, are being evaluated for oxidation resistance by static TGA exposures in low-p(O2) and cyclic oxidation in air, and by cyclic oxidation-reduction exposures (using air for oxidation and CO/CO2 or H2/Ar for reduction) to simulate expected service environments. The test protocol and results are presented.


Abstract Objective: This study was conducted to assess treatment decision-making capacity (TDMC) in a child and adolescent psychiatric sample and to verify possible associations between TDMC, psychiatric symptom severity, and cognitive functioning. Methods: Twenty-two consecutively recruited patients hospitalized for an acute mental disorder, aged 11–18 years, underwent measurement of TDMC by the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T). The MacCAT-T interview focused on patients' current treatment, which comprised second-generation antipsychotics (45.5%), first-generation antipsychotics (13.6%), antiepileptic drugs used as mood stabilizers or lithium carbonate (45.5%), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (32%), and benzodiazepines (18%). We moreover measured cognitive functioning (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children III) and psychiatric symptom severity (Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale v 4.0). Results: Patients' TDMC varied within the sample, but MacCAT-T scores were good in the sample overall, suggesting that children and adolescents with severe mental disorders could be competent to consent to treatment. The TDMC proved independent of psychiatric diagnosis while being positively associated with cognitive functioning and negatively with excitement. Conclusion: The MacCAT-T proved feasible for measuring TDMC in a child and adolescent psychiatric sample. TDMC in minors with severe mental disorders was not necessarily impaired. These results deserve reconsidering the interplay between minors and surrogate decision-makers as concerning treatment decisions.


Despite growing interest in publicly preferred punishments for criminal offenses, investigators have paid relatively little attention to the criteria used by the public to determine appropriate pun...


Objective To observe the clinical effect of pedicle screw-lamina hook system applied for treatment of lumbar spondylolysis.Methods Thirty seven cases with lumbar spondylolysis were treated with local bone graft and fixation by pedicle screw-lamina hook system.Results All patients were followed up for an average of 9 months,the preoperative JOA scores were19.08±2.54 and postoperative scores were 27.05±1.73.The spondylolysis got fusion in all patients.No looseness of internal fixator or breakage was found.Conclusion The pedicle screw-lamina hook system is a kind of single segment fixation for lumbar spondylolysis,it has been proved being safe and effective,and it is more suitable for spondylolysis in youth with no disc herniation.


On the basis of newly discovered factual material, this paper analyses the issue of the reassigning the position of the southern border of distribution of the Dnieper (Riss) glacial tongue, which is considered the southernmost glacier tongue of the glacial period in Europe. The article provides critical analysis of the history of glacial theory and the contribution of scientists from different countries.  The article analyses the evolution of the views of researchers - from the drift origin of boulder-loam deposits, described in works by R Murchison, C Lyell, D Tilas and C Darwin, to the idea of glacial origin, the first supporters of which included Pierre Martel, Jean-Andre Deluc, Bernhard Friedrich Kuhn, Ignaz Venets , Albrecht Bernardi, Louis Agassiz and others. The paper evaluates the contribution of Russian scientists who studied continental glaciations, including P O Kropotkin, S M Nikitin, O O Inostrantsev, P Y Armashevsky, N I Krishtofovich, G E Shurovsky, F B Schmidt and others. The article also presents the position of V G Pazynych, an opponent of glacier theory, on the numerous differences of opinion in the interpretation of the framework of the theory and on the necessity of developing a complex model of glaciations, which would include consideration of both exaration and drift. This article presents for the first time the results of solving the problem of restoring the geological relic, the "Domotkanski valuny" [lit. Domotkan boulders – translator`s note] as an important object of geological heritage on the southern border of the Dnieper glacial tongue. The paper presents a study of Kalytva mountain as a terminal moraine formation, which was formed during the Dnieper glacial epoch. Kalytva mountain is a fine example of manifestations of glaciotectonic activities, moraine,fluvio- and  limno - glacial deposits with erratic boulders and paleogenic outliers. The article proves the possibility of division of the Dnieper climatolith into lower, -middle, and upper Dnieper stadials and shows the correspondence of limno-glacial deposits, moraine and fluvio-glacial deposits of the middle Dnieper stadials to the upper part of the "Shevchenkivska suite". We have shown that the periglacial zone situated to the south of the line Volnohorsk-Petrykivka-Yurivka is characterized by absence of boulder loams, by much more homogenous and weathered section of sub-aerial Quaternary deposits and by a lens of fluvio-glacial deposits. The discovery of the artificial outcrop of limno glacial moraine deposits between Spasske and Podhorodne villages enables us not only to determine the main clearly-manifested differences between eolian and limnetic loams but also to delineate more precisely the borders of the periglacial zone of the Dnieper glaciations, which was earlier marked almost 100 km to the north – in the region of the Orel river far from its confluence with the Dnieper. Field studies in the interfluve between the Dnieper, Kilchen and Samara found significant evidence for proving that the southern border of the periglacial zone of the Dnieper Glacial Epoch lies considerably further south than had been assumed previously.


A quantitative approach was used to assess the knowledge regarding prevention and management of water borne diseases among mothers of under five children. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the mothers of under five children for study.100 samples collected from selected areas of mehsana. The duration of data collection was 1 day. The results of the study revealed that majority of the study sample (58.63%) have average knowledge regarding water borne diseases, 71.5% of the study sample having knowledge about causes and risk factors of Water borne diseases, 68.22% of the study sample having knowledge about prevention of Water borne diseases and 70.36% of the study sample having knowledge about management of Water borne diseases.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the recognition for improvement of the Korean Dental Hygienists' Licensing Examination(KDHLE). The subjects were 1,048 dental hygienists were surveyed, either in person or through mail. Data was collected using a self administrated questionnaire from July 1 to July 20, 2008. The data were analysed with frequency and χ 2 -test using the SPSS 15.0 windows. For the inquiry where adequacy of subjects of the KDHLE regarding to evaluation of standard duty achievement ability in the real field was asked, 404(39.5%) answered 'Yes', and 680(66.9%) was answered 'Yes' for necessity of changing current subjects of the KDHLE. For the inquiry about the number of questions in the KDHLE, 353(34.6%) answered that current number of questions is 'Inappropriate' and advisable way of improving KDHLE subjects, 463 (45.4%) answered 'enhancing problem solving ability through unifying subjects', the highest of all. About practical examination methods, 647(67.3%) was answered 'Should be modified'. For methods of dental hygienist practical examination, 'clinical demonstration on patients' received the highest number of votes 628(63.6%). According to the above results, most of active dental hygienists at presence expect the alteration of current KDHLE and new items which are reliable for globalization by testing problem solving ability through unified subjects must be introduced.


A linear polarized patch antenna structure is provided to improve signal receiving quality by offsetting polarized loss generated in receiving circularly polarized signal. A linear polarized patch antenna structure(1) comprises a main body(10), a main plate(12), a ground plate(14), and a signal transmitting terminal(16). The main body is made of ceramics. The main plate is installed in a top side of the main body. The ground plate is installed in a bottom side of the main body, and is insulated from the main plate. The signal transmitting terminal passes through the main body, and is connected to the main plate. The main plate and the ground plate are metal layers, and are silver layers. The signal transmitting terminal is soldered in the main plate, and includes a first connection part(161) and a second connection part(162). The first connection part is connected to the main plate. The second connection part is connected to a connection part of a circuit board.


A method is proposed to estimate the strength of a healing fractured bone. A four-port electrical network model of the low-frequency (50 Hz-1 kHz) transverse vibration response of a healing fractured bone is derived using Timoshenko beam theory. A back-propagation neural net with one hidden layer processes computer simulated bone fracture model data, and classifies it with respect to the fracture gap stiffness, relative to intact bone. The effect on classification accuracy of the number of hidden units and preprocessing of the data is evaluated. Vibration measurements from a rabbit fracture model and clinical patient data are also presented


Citation for published version (APA): Jacobs, J. Y. H. A., Blei, K., & van Eijk, T. (2008). The local and the universal dimensions of the church: Reformation-catholic dialogue commission: A report offered to the leadership of the Uniting Protestant Churches in the Netherlands, Old Catholic Church and the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands. Exchange: Journal of Missiological and Ecumenical Research, 37(4), 396-443.


Marginating PMNs roll along the post-capillary wall prior to stopping and emigrating. This process is mediated in part by P-SEL on the endothelial cell and its ligand, PSGL-1, and requires the presence of sialyl Lewisx and sulfation of one or more tyrosine in N-terminal sequence. We have previously shown that while P-SEL supports adult PMN (A-PMN) rolling, N-PMNs demonstrate an impairment in their ability to roll, and require CD11a/CD18 to resist detachment to increased shear stress (Ped Res 1996;39:302A). We hypothesize that these findings are in part due to differences in neonatal PSGL-1. Here we investigate N-PMN rolling on a confluent cell line expressing human P-SEL under two conditions: 1)attachment under continuous flow at a wall shear stress of 2 dyn/cm2; 2)detachment with step-wise increases in shear stress (0.6-22 dyn/cm2) in the presence of an anti-CD11a MoAb after a two minute stationary contact between PMNs and monolayer. We developed and purified a polyclonal antibody directed against the N-terminal sequence of PSGL-1 (anti-PSGL Ig) containing the putative sulfation sites. Using flow cytometry we could detect no statistical differences in the amount of PSGL-1 on N-PMNs compared to A-PMNs (173±43 and 210±60, respectively). In the attachment assay under continuous flow, anti-PSGL Ig inhibited the number of rolling N-PMNs (109±33) and A-PMNs (125±94) significantly compared to control Ig (N-PMN: 599±108; A-PMN: 651±57, p<0.01). In the detachment assay, anti-PSGL Ig decreased the number of both N-PMNs and A-PMNs at 0.6 dyn/cm2 compared to control Ig by 80% and 60% respectively. With anti-PSGL Ig treatment the number of A-PMN rolling was not statistically different than N-PMNs at each shear stress. However, A-PMN and N-PMN rolling after stationary adhesion could be discriminated by two conditions: 1) the number of control Ig treated N-PMNs significantly decreased at shear stress of 12 and 22 dyn/cm2; 2) with anti-PSGL Ig treatment the number of N-PMNs significantly decreased at the highest shear stress. Adult PMN adhesion was not affected. PSGL-1 supports the rolling of both N- and A-PMNs on P-SEL. Nonetheless, there appear to be functional differences in either neonatal PSGL-1 or other ligands for P-SEL which become manifested at increased shear stress.