Abstract In the present paper, Nd, Nb co-doped La2Mo2O9 system is investigated to understand phase transition, ionic conductivity and dielectric relaxation phenomenon. X-ray diffraction study confirms order-disorder phase transition by disappearance of peak splitting of (231) in co-doped LMX system, which is associated with monoclinic phase and is observed for LMX-Pure at around 2θ = 47–48°. In co-doped system, two dielectric relaxation peaks are observed, which are associated with diffusion process between O(1)-O(2) and O(1)-O(3) oxygen ion ←→ vacancies sites, while diffusion process O(1)-O(3) is supposed to be occurred in parent system having single relaxation peak. Thus dielectric relaxation phenomenon indicates phase transition is proceeding with static-to-dynamic disorder transition. Electric modulus data are revealed to ascertain correlation of relaxation dynamics and oxy-ion conductivity in co-doped LMX system. The extracted data of activation energy of oxy-ion conductivity at intermediate temperature range (500–700 °C) of co-doped samples is found relatively lower than that of the parent sample. The study reveals that incorporation of Nd, Nb co-doped in LMX system successfully suppress the phase transition and enhanced ionic conductivity at intermediate temperature range and found suitable as electrolytes for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells.


When the Indian economy faced an unprecedented macroeconomic crisis in 1991, fiscal consolidation constituted a major objective of the policy response. For this purpose, it became necessary to: (a) enhance tax and non-tax revenue, (b) curtail current expenditure growth, (c) restructure public sector undertakings, including disinvestment, (d) improve fiscal-monetary co-ordination, and (e) deregulate financial system. The need for improvements in budgetary practices led to the enactment of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2003 which ushered the Indian economy in an era of fiscal consolidation based on fiscal policy rules. Tax reforms introduced by the Government since 1991 have helped to build a structure which is simple, relies on moderate tax rates but with a wider base and better enforcement. Moreover, they have helped in correcting structural imbalances in the tax system. They are soft on industry with a view to create new investment climate and make India internationally competitive. By lowering the tax rates, the Government expects speedy industrial development and hence buoyancy in tax revenues. The country is keenly awaiting implementation of Direct Taxes Code (DTC) and National Level Goods and Services Tax (GST). GST is India's most ambitious indirect tax reform. Lack of political consensus is holding up progress and implementation of GST. This paper gives a vivid account of recent reforms in the Indian tax system as a part of the on-going policy of liberalization and globalization of the Indian economy.


A polyacrylonitrile thin film composite membrane has been used as the outer covering barrier in an amperometric glucose oxidase enzyme electrode. The composite membrane was formed via the cathodic electropolymerization of acrylonitrile at gold sputter coated highly porous host alumina membranes. Membranes of this type served as diffusion limiting barriers to the enzyme substrates. Anionic interferents such as ascorbate were also excluded via the use of the membrane by means of a charge exclusion mechanism. Oxygen and glucose permeability coefficients were determined using diffusion chamber apparatus. On exposure to blood, a 25% signal drift was observed over a period of 1 h. Blood glucose determinations were performed following this initial exposure to blood since after this time the performance of the electrode remained almost stable. Glucose determinations within whole blood patient samples performed using the enzyme electrode sensor developed here compared favorably to standard hospital analyses with a correlation coefficient of r2=0.94.


At the beginning of this study I have determined the way in which have been taken the European Directive2006/43/CE concerning the International Standards of Audit in the national legislation in Romania and Spain. Next we have realised a comparative analyses between the International Standards of audit which refer to using the services of other professionals, which is applied in Romania and the Technical Audit Norms in Spain, analyses in which we have identified a series of differences.
 At the end of research we found out that the identified differences are not significant and therefore it has been demonstrated the research hypothesis, according to which in Romania and Spain have been made important steps in harmonising the financial audit process, so that the juridical and professional frame in the two countries presents several similitude.


Partly because both originate at the end of the last millennium there are many points at which they correspond and indeed are simultaneously interdependent. Both contend with localism, statehood, domestic jurisdiction and ideology, albeit in differing ways and at different levels. They profoundly enjoin and variably evolve cogent legal responses to normative extra-legal considerations from political, sociological, philosophical and other cultural contexts that feature prominently in each of their self-validating schemes of things. They are arguably at their most apparent within regional, or other international organisational spheres. They are perceived to entail different, perhaps equivocal, interpretations depending on the observer's standpoint sometimes rather like the proverbial elephant and the six blind men. Both involve the question of how formally to surmount structural limitations which exist in the area ot justiciability. Each makes fundamental claims to attributes and attractions of dynamism, universalism and relativism and has a common 'post-modernist counterpart1 as well as a foe in localism and local resistance (see Gunther Teubner (ed.), Global Law Without a State, Dartmouth, 1996, at p. xvii). Both are fraught with interpretive paradoxes deriving from questions of binarism and polarisation, but will each play an enormous role in the legal shape of things to be. They respectively involve multitudinous processes (both statal and non-statal), bear geographical burdens and have convergent high incidence areas, such as civil society and economic activity. As Andrea Bianchi has argued in 'Globalization of Human Rights: The Role of Non-State Actors' (in Teubner (ed.,) above, at pp. 179 212), true universalisation of legal human rights norms at the global level may likely result as 'the germ of the process of globalisation of human rights law via the dynamics of a transnational civil society'. Globalisation and human rights law respectively manifest an openness of content and of texture.


Direct converting X-ray line detectors might be a low-cost solution for inline X-ray inspection systems for electronics production and other industries. Possible detector materials are semiconductors in general, in our case GaAs.


The prevalence and clinical relevance of intracavitary coronary arteries coursing within the right ventricle (RV) or right atrial appendix are largely unknown. Only one study has described a prevalence of 17 cases on 31,748 patients (0,054%) by coronary CT angiography.

 The aim of the study was to assess in a population that underwent coronary CT (CCT) study, how many intra-chamber courses of coronary artery were observed.

 All patients underwent a CCT study from April 2021 to August 2022 in a single center were enrolled. The CCT was performed by a 128-slices system and analyzed by a single operator with over 3 years of experience.

 out of 807 patients (41% female, 61.4±10.2 years) who underwent a CCT study, 14 patients with an intra-chamber coronary course were observed, with a prevalence of 1,73%. In particular, 11 had an intra-right ventricle course of the left anterior descending artery and 3 patients had the right coronary artery coursing within the right atrial appendix.

 the intra-chamber course of coronary artery seems to be much more frequent than described in the scientific literature. The intra-right ventricle course of the left anterior descending artery may be the most frequently encountered anomaly.


Modern university does not have the role, which it once used to have, of enlightening the society, producing students and publishing research. It is becoming a place for communicating knowledge in society (Delanty, 2001). Development and promotion of entrepreneurship has been a strategic objective of the policies of both EU member states and pre-accession counties, and the European Commission has identified fostering a stronger culture of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial mindsets, particularly among young people, as one of the key activities. Influence that demographic factors, attributes, attitudes, beliefs and intentions have in the development of entrepreneurial behavior has substantially been documented in the literature. However, the role of education in previous models has been unjustly neglected. In order to define the impact that teaching has on the development of entrepreneurial behavior, an empirical research was carried out with a sample of 324 students of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University in Osijek. The results indicate that it is possible to stimulate the development of entrepreneurial behavior through teaching at universities, in particular by developing competences. The research has also highlighted the role of experience gathered during informal and non-formal education in influencing entrepreneurial behavior. It is suggested that in order to increase the competitiveness of universities and influence students' entrepreneurial behavior, it is necessary to consider ways of using the potential of informal and non-formal education, and supplement university courses with experiential teaching methods.


The aim of this paper is to establish and analyze the factors of competency, attitude, and school environment associated with use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among teachers in Brazil. It takes as a reference point the data gathered by the Brazilian team behind the project "Factors associated with the level of use of ICTs as a teaching and learning tool in state education institutions in Colombia and Brazil. The case of Barranquilla and Florianopolis", which provided the results presented here. 576 surveys were applied, with a 95 percent confidence level and a margin of error of ± 4, to public elementary school teachers in Florianopolis, Brazil. The principal results indicate a low level of use of ICTs in teaching and learning processes among teachers assessed.


Deletion of mTORC2 essential component Rictor by a Cre recombinase under control of the broad, non-adipocyte specific aP2/FABP4 promoter impairs thermoregulation and brown adipose tissue (BAT) glucose uptake upon acute cold exposure. We investigated herein whether adipocyte-specific mTORC2 deficiency affects BAT and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) signaling, metabolism and thermogenesis in cold-acclimated mice. For this, 8-weeks old male mice bearing Rictor deletion and therefore mTORC2 deficiency in adipocytes (adiponectin-Cre) and littermates controls were either kept at thermoneutrality (30 ± 1ºC) or cold-acclimated (10 ± 1ºC) for 14 days and evaluated for BAT and iWAT signaling, metabolism and thermogenesis. Cold acclimation inhibited mTORC2 in BAT and iWAT, but its residual activity is still required for the cold-induced increases in BAT adipocyte number, total UCP-1 content and mRNA levels of proliferation markers Ki67 and cyclin 1D and de novo lipogenesis enzymes ATP-citrate lyase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. In iWAT, mTORC2 residual activity is partially required for the cold-induced increases in multilocular adipocytes, mitochondrial mass and UCP-1 content. Conversely, BAT mTORC1 activity and BAT and iWAT glucose uptake were upregulated by cold independently of mTORC2. Noteworthy, the impairment in BAT and iWAT total UCP-1 content and thermogenic capacity induced by adipocyte mTORC2 deficiency had no major impact on whole-body energy expenditure in cold-acclimated mice due to a compensatory activation of muscle shivering. In conclusion, adipocyte mTORC2 deficiency impairs, through different mechanisms, BAT and iWAT total UCP-1 content and thermogenic capacity in cold-acclimated mice, without affecting glucose uptake and whole-body energy expenditure.


1. Two families are reported in which linkage between the gene controlling ovalocytosis and that of the Rhesus blood group complex is present. In those individuals where cross‐overs could have been detected none was in fact found in either family.


Objective To compare the clinical results of the treatment of distal fibula fracture with Herbert screws and anatomical plate.Methods We treated 25 patients with distal fibula fracture,from November 2009 to July 2010.All patients were randomLy divided into two groups.The group A consisted of twelve patients which treated with Herbert screws,and the group B consisted of thirteen patients which treated with anatomical plate.The patients in these two groups had similar demographic characteristics,skin and soft tissue conditions,and duration of follow-up.The evaluation parameters included the operative time,the volume of blood loss,radiographic assessment,the incidence of complication,and Baird-Jackson ankle scores.Results All the patients were followed up for a mean of 9 months(range,5-13 months).The final valuation was based on the documents of the last fellow up.The two groups had significant differences on surgical time,blood loss(P0.05).The Baird-Jackson ankle score were improved significantly in two groups.Conclusion Compared to anatomical plate,mini-invasive treatment of distal fibula fracture with Herbert screws have the merit of simplicity,shorter surgical time,less blood loss,fewer postoperative complications.It had better clinical effect.Herbert screws is an effective treatment of distal fibula fracture.


Early in the life of revalidation, medical royal colleges produced hugely prescriptive guidance about what constitutes proper appraisal,1 enough continuing professional development (CPD), and so on. Coincidentally, revalidation coincided with the genesis of the Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board (PMETB), …


Background: Operation note records are important tools for ensuring patients' continuity of care, for research purposes and medico-legal reasons. They can effectively serve these purposes only if well documented. The main objective of this study was to assess the practice of recording the operation notes among surgical trainees in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. Methods: Operation notes completed by doctors in the Surgery Department over a 2-month period were audited for completeness, legibility and conformity to the standards of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Results: There were 100 operation notes reviewed, two-thirds of these were written by Senior Registrars, majority of which were for elective operations (63%). Only 37 of the operation notes were appropriately completed with about two-thirds either incomplete or wrongly filled. The cadre of the surgical trainee did not significantly influence the completeness of the operation notes.  Legibility of the operation notes was associated significantly with completeness (p<0.04).   Conclusion: Standards of operation note writing in our practice needs to be improved upon. The challenges of legibility and completeness of documentation can be overcome by the use of an aide-memoire as well as computerized operation notes.


ABSTRACT This paper presents research on a theoretical approach to Logo as a programming language that creates a context for learning in which the process by which children learn and develop, using computers, is of greater interest "than the products, or outcomes, of learning. Concerned with the cultural context of Logo learning and principles upon which it is based, the first section reviews the developmental and cognitive theories of Papert, Donaldson, Cole, and Sternberg and Suben. Section two offers the theoretical premise of a reference model for learning. Logo based on research in anthropology, psychology, and sociolinguistics. Section three discusses the components of this model in relation to empirical data from a research project on the relationship between Logo programming and young children's self-monitoring and comprehension skills. Finally, the fourth section briefly summarizes the discussion and suggests areas for further research, including the questions of what cognitive prerequisites are needed to program successfully at different age levels, and the policy implications of providing children with such training. Eight reference notes, thirty-two references, two tables, and five figures complete the document. (a)


Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a global pandemic as announced by the World Health Organization Kidney transplant patients are thought to constitute a unique high risk group for severe COVID19 infection Furthermore, disparities in health care have led to COVID-19 disproportionately affecting minority groups including African Americans and Hispanics Methods: We identified adult kidney transplant recipients who were admitted with COVID-19 between March, 15th and May 1st, 2020 We evaluated the demographic, clinical and laboratory data of all admitted patients We also evaluated the presence of co-infections as well as decisions regarding immunosuppressant management Results: 23 kidney transplant recipients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 were evaluated 91% of our patients were of minority groups 35% of patients required ICU admission, and 30% required mechanical ventilation 40% of patients had associated coinfections in addition to COVID19 87% of patients had variable degrees of AKI, 26% of patients with AKI required renal replacement therapy Mortality rate in our population was 22% Upon admission to the hospital, our immunosuppressant therapeutic approach included stopping the antimetabolites and continuing with the calcineurin inhibitors (targeting trough level of 4 to 6 ng/dl for tacrolimus and 50 ng/dl for cyclosporine), and prednisone if patients were on steroids Conclusions: This report demonstrates higher rate of AKI, coinfection and mortality in kidney transplant patients in the setting of COVID19 as compared to general population


'Nature does not take leaps,' the scientist says, 'There are always overlaps, bridges or something else in between.' But why should Psyche – the most beautiful daughter of Physis (Nature) – take leaps, even when she is ill? 'Because Emil Kraepelin decided so 110 years ago', say some psychiatrists, and they add 'The Kraepelinian dichotomy is – as we hope – well known to all of you'. Yes, of course the Kraepelinian dichotomy – or at least that is what some psychiatrists call it – is well known to all of us. But did Kraepelin really think dichotomously? Definitely not – at least not as dogmatically as his epigones. In fact Kraepelin thought the Kraepelinian dichotomy was only a fiction. Anyone can see this in one of his most famous papers, published in 1920, 'Die Erscheinungsformen des Irreseins' or 'The manifestation types of insanity' (Kraepelin, 1920). I have translated two of the more important parts of this paper into English as follows.


Abstract:In 1989 the Salvadoran military murdered six Jesuit priests and two of their companions at the Universidad Centroamericana (UCA), the Jesuit university in San Salvador. The killings ignited international protests, and the victims, well-known for their advocacy of human rights and social justice, quickly became celebrated martyrs. The Jesuits of the United States, who maintained a strong relationship with their Central American counterparts, were especially active in mobilizing their network in remembrance of the UCA martyrs. In the decades since their deaths, these figures have become important symbols representing a social justice vision for Jesuit higher education in the U.S. The network's members often made use of aesthetic commemorations to invite others into the martyrs' ongoing legacy, thereby staking a position in the ongoing contest concerning the soul of U.S. Catholic higher education.


Non‐woody  biomass,  having  lower  cellulose  content  than  woody materials,  is  a  common  waste material  found  in agricultural processing plants and  fields. Non‐woody biomass  is often bulky and has a comparatively  low energy content. However, non‐woody materials sourced  from agricultural waste are abundant and cheap. Experimental studies  into gasification of non‐woody biomass have been conducted by various researchers. This paper reviews feedstock characteristics, pre‐treatments, gasification methods, and  future direction of  this  technology. Due  to  the heterogeneous nature of non‐woody biomass,  it  is  critical  to apply  suitable pre‐treatments prior  to gasification. Combining non‐woody biomass with a small percentage of high grade carbon sourced from biochar or coal into fuel pellets  for co‐gasification has  the potential  to  improve  fuel quality. Synergistic effects of non‐ woody biomass‐charcoal co‐gasification can also reduce tar formation and increase the occurrence of mineral based  catalytic  reactions.  Factors  influencing  these  effects are often  complex and  require further  investigation. 15‐20% of  fuel pellets energy  content may be needed  to power  the biomass pre‐treatment  process.  The  gasification  of  pelletised  non‐woody  waste  provides  an  attractive alternative fuel source to achieve agricultural energy self‐sufficiency and off‐grid operation.


In modern world, new emerging technologies are emerging on daily basis. As the technologies are increasing day by day, human is getting more and more dependent of it. ICT is one of the most advanced technology that is being used by millions of people worldwide. In this research work, impact of ICT, and its role in our daily life in different sectors has been studied in brief. A methodology is presented about how ICT works in online banking android application as these days, online payments is trending and widely used by millions of people to avoid cash payments during Covid-19 pandemic. In upcoming time, ICT will reduce 70% of the human efforts and automatic work done will be the new trend in many sectors such as education sector, daily life, administration, health care and hospitality etc. from future perspective this research work may help learners to better understand the facts about ICT.


base dm ethod ,b ut the corresponding chromogenic facto rXr esults were not supratherapeutic .F or th er emainin gp atients, differences between the plasma-based INR and the point-of-care INR results ranged from 0.2±0.2 to 0.4±0.3. Th ed ifference s were similar fo rp atient sw ith APS and atrial fibrillation fo ra ll INR comparisons with the exception of the plasma-based method compared with the ProTime ,w hich showed am ea n absolute difference of 0.4±0.3 fo rA PS patients and of 0.2±0.2 fo ra trial fibrillation patients (p=0.02) .I nas ubset of AP Sp atients, th eP roTime ® system will not yield an INR result and the HE Mochro n Signatur e (citrate and non-citrate whole-blood) IN R results will exhibit elevate dI NR results .F or this subse to fA PS patients ,w es ugges tu sing an alternativ em ethod to monitor warfarin.


Ariana Lins de Albuerque nd Jkob H ednskog This report analyses the Ukrainian defence sector in order to identify reform needs for the purposes of long-term, needs-based, locally owned security sector reform (SSR) and capacity building objectives. It identifi es fi ve broad issues recognized as being central to the development of a defence sector that upholds SSR ideals, namely democratic control of the armed forces, accountability, human rights, societal representativeness, and capacity and management. The fi ndings in the report are intended to serve as a resource for Sweden to consult when seeking to identify and assess the potential for future long-term, needs-based and locally owned SSR objectives, including capacity building, in the Ukrainian defence sector, and also as a resource that Ukraine and its international partners can use for the same purposes.


"Latin America" is an unusual research object. Perhaps more than with other objects of social inquiry, it is impossible to separate scholarly knowledge about Latin America from the conditions of production of that knowledge. In fact, the very process of doing research in and about the region changes and challenges the researcher. Latin America is an object that talks back, sometimes asking uncomfortable questions about the researcher's motivations and her social and political positionality. Latin American Studies and the Cold War was intended by its editor, Ronald Chilcote, as a "historical" and "pedagogical" collection of essays: "historical in providing background to the origins and evolution of Latin American studies and pedagogical as a foundation for those desiring to study Latin America" (15). The 10 contributions in this edited volume end up going far beyond the editor's intention. More than presenting the most complete global history of Latin American studies to date, they reveal the dialectical process of the constitution of a transdisciplinary and inherently critical field under the difficult conditions posed by the Cold War on both sides of the Iron Curtain. Recounting the origins and evolution of Latin American studies in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Germany, Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, China, and Cuba, this volume shows over and over again that narrow imperialist, colonial, or economically motivated scholarship has always been contested by newer generations of Latin Americanists committed to actually understanding Latin America in its complexity and contributing to its social and political emancipation rather than serving top-down imperialist, geopolitical, or commercial designs. As is candidly recognized by Chilcote, U.S. Latin American studies has imperialist roots in the Monroe Doctrine of 1823 and the annexation of former Mexican and Spanish territories and the creation of different forms of declared and undeclared colonies and protectorates in Central America and the Caribbean. Since its inception, the field has never been far from U.S. state power. It is no surprise, therefore, that the consolidation of Latin American studies as an academic field in the 1950s and 1960s went hand in hand with strategic geopolitical calculations in the context of the Cold War. Important centers for Latin American studies such as Stanford trained military personnel and contributed directly and indirectly to the CIA. Whereas the Cold War led to the expansion of government investment and interest in the field, opening new research possi-


We present eight new radiocarbon dates for endemic and invasive rodents from Trouing Jérémie #5, a paleontologically-rich sink hole on the Tiburon Peninsula, Haiti. This includes new dates for two species that have been previously directly dated (Isolobodon portoricensis and Brotomys voratus) as well as three endemic rodents which have no previous direct radiometric dates (Plagiodontia velozi, Hexolobodon phenax, and Rhizoplagiodontia lemkei). The radiocarbon date for P. velozi, the largest of these species, is from the very early Holocene (10,995 ± 190 calendar years before present; Cal BP). Specimens of medium-bodied species, H. phenax and R. lemkei date to the mid-Holocene, while specimens of smaller-bodied I. portoricencis and B. voratus have dates falling in the Late-Holocene. These dates confirm that several of the extinct rodent species coexisted with the first humans, who arrived on the island ca. 6000 years ago. In contrast, murid Rattus specimens date to the last few centuries. Rats arrived with Europeans in the late 15th or early 16th Century and a radiocarbon date of ca. 500 Cal BP for one individual suggests that they likely spread quickly across the island. Collectively, these dates establish that vertebrate accumulations at Trouing Jérémie #5 span the Holocene. Remains from this site may provide a useful time sequence for future work examining ecological change across the Holocene as well as regional extirpation patterns.


The present invention describes a kind of rebound wall, it is relative to the surface positioning of playing ball with zone of action, and it is configured to change the rebound for the ball being directed toward on the rebound wall, the rebound wall includes: wall, it is with resilient surface, and it is adapted to the surface perpendicular positioning of playing ball, so that the resilient surface is generally towards the zone of action;The resilient surface includes multiple impact zones, the impact zone hits back ball respectively for according to corresponding batting type, each impact zone includes at least one spring-back area, the spring-back area is respectively for after the pellet impact is on the spring-back area, the ball is sprung back towards the zone of action along corresponding rebound direction, and each spring-back area is the batting type in the respective impact area for according to corresponding rebound direction and wherein containing the spring-back area to set shape.


Softwood lignin produced by the LignoForce SystemTM was physically processed using different milling approaches to ascertain effective and scalable means to yield micro to submicron particles of controllable and uniform size. Our work suggests that wet ball-milling using a small milling medium is the most reliable method in terms of processing efficiency and particle-size controllability. Controllable particle size reduction would permit lignin to be used as an effective filler in polymer blends. We show that wet-milled lignin could, subsequently, be oven- or spray-dried, and, subsequently, blended with, for instance, polypropylene (PP) through co-extrusion. The spray-drying method produced spherical lignin aggregates smaller and more uniform than oven-dried ones. As a consequence, spray-dried lignin demonstrated a more uniform distribution within the polymer melt, leading to noticeable improvement in the strain—or flexibility—of the lignin-PP polymer blends. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the investigated drying methods had no effect on the thermal stability of the resulting lignin-PP blends. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44669.


We report on the decoherence of excitons in ZnSe single quantum wells by intensity dependent four‐wave‐mixing (FWM) experiments using 30 fs pulses. The FWM traces at the 11h exciton transition reveal marked quantum beats and a fast decay at pulse overlap that is attributed to a destructive interference of the polarization wavepacket and to an effective diffraction of the exciton polarization at an electron‐hole‐pair density grating. Three‐pulse FWM experiments are performed to study the formation of excitons from this electron‐hole‐pair grating.


The geometry structures of strained (Si)n/(Ge)n (1≤n≤6) superlattices grown pseudomorphically on (001) oriented Si1−xGex (0≤x≤1) substrates are studied. The calculations indicate that with proper choice of the Ge composition factor x symmetrically strained superlattices can be approximately obtained, which might render the growth of a superlattice with larger thickness possible.


Customer satisfaction in the electronic commerce environment has been conceptualized in a variety of ways. Studies in this area remain broad and appear relatively fragmented. This in part sets the motivation for the research. The aim of this paper is to identify the antecedents of customer satisfaction in repurchase intention in the electronic commerce environment. Searches were performed for relevant literature in online databases. Four theories i.e. the expectation confirmation theory (ECT), expectancy disconfirmation theory (EDT), technology acceptance model (TAM) and service quality model (SERVQUAL) have been commonly used to explain antecedents of customer satisfaction in repurchase intention. Some other antecedents were also discussed in the paper.


Based on the characteristics of gas-solid flow and structural characteristics of the transfer-lifter pipe,the pipe system was divided into three sections:section of solids accelerating,section of solids steady flow and the pipe elbow.The construction of the pressure drop of the lifter tube and the influences were investigated.The results indicated that the press drop was different in different sections as the experiment conditions changed:at the state of non-loading,the press drop of the pipe elbow took the heaviest effect;while at the state of loading,most pressure drop( 60%) existed in the acceleration section,and took key effect on decreasing pressure drop in the heat-exchange pipe.Based on the results,the influences of changing materials feeding point on the pressure drop of the lifter tube also was investigated.


Primary angioplasty is the reperfusion treatment of choice for the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) when performed at the right time (<120 min since diagnosis) and in highly experienced centers. In multiple clinical trials, the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has proven superior to fibrinolysis reducing mortality, reinfarction, and intracranial bleeding.1 Fibrinolysis is spared for cases that for whatever reason are not eligible to undergo a primary PCI. It should be performed as early as possible with fibrin-specific fibrinolytic agents2 and with immediate referral to a PCI capable center. It can be a rescue or a late (2--24 h) PCI depending on whether fibrinolysis failed or not.3,4 Although primary angioplasty is successful in most cases, higher Killip-Kimbal indices at admission, multivessel disease, clinical history of AMI, and longer disease progression times are some of the main causes for a failed PCI, which is associated with


......... 0.. 00.0.40 el Chapter 1 The Agricultural Impacts of Coal Mining an Introduction ........... 2 Chapter 2 Project Characteristics ...... Chapter 3 Control of Mining Operations ........... 44 Chapter 4 AgriculturaT Impacts Identification and Description ...... G.. ** ........ o. -o-85 Chapter 5 Forecasting the Agricultural Impacts of Coal Mining..... ............ 128 Chapter 6 The Components of an Impact Appraisal Methodology...... .... oo---oo---o--o---l56 Chapter 7 Project Appraisal in Practice..... o... 186 Chapter 8 Discussion, .................. o ........ 217 Appendix A Eleihents of the Baseline Survey ...... o233 Appendix B Elements of the Project Specification Report. -. -,, -, ...... o-oo-o--oo ... o--237 Appendix C Typology of Impact Classes.... ...... o. 240 Appendix D Summary of Baseline Conditions at Asfordby Mine Site, Leicestershire.... 245 Appendix E Summary of Project Specification for Asfordby Mine Site, Leicestershire..,. 251 Referenceso ... 0 ..... 0 ....... 0 ... O.. 00.000.00.. o. o257


The tendencies of development of researches on high-precision transfer of time and frequency based on use of modern multichannel geodesic receivers GPS/rROHACC such as SNR-8000 TurboRogue and Legacy-E GGD Javad are considered. The structure of the system of maintenance of measurements is indicated, the comparative analysis of obtained results is presented.


The phytochemical, antimicrobial and acute toxicity studies of the leaf and stem bark extracts of Syzygium cumini Linn. grown in Abuja, Nigeria was carried out. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, tannins, terpenes, volatile oil, sterols, resins balsam, phlobatanins and flavonoids in the leaves and stem bark of the species studied. Alkaloids and anthraquinones were absent in all the plant parts studied. 70% methanol extracts were used for antimicrobial and acute toxicity studies. The six test organisms used for antimicrobial studies were: Pseudomonas auriginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Bacillus subtilis and Salmonella typhii. The oil from the leaves showed activity on all the test organisms; the leaf extract showed activity on all test organisms except P. auriginosa while the stem bark extract showed no activity on any of the test organisms used. The oil had a saponification value of 363 and an acid value of 4.21. The lethal dose 50% (LD50) in mice was found to be >5000 mg/kg for the stem bark and at 3,873 mg/kg for the leaf extracts.


Abstract The colonization of Illinois streams by fishes was measured during late spring and early summer in 18 experimentally depopulated reaches that ranged from 46 to 113 m in length. Rates of colonization in terms of total fish numbers, number of species, individual species, and community structures were measured over time intervals ranging from 0.5 to 140 h. Both the proportion of original fish abundance (all species) and the proportion of original community structure (measured by a proportional similarity index) increased with time. Linear colonization models indicated that 0.70 of the maximum proportional similarity index would be reached in 60–140 h (90% confidence limits of the model) and that 0.90 of the original fish abundance would be reached in 100–270 h. The results of this and previous studies indicate that in drainages dominated by surface runoff, disturbed fish communities in short stream reaches can quickly return to their original structures and abundances without any aid, provided that ...


This study evaluated a smartphone-based program to promote independent leisure and communication engagement in five participants with visual impairment and mild intellectual disability. A smartphone with Android 5.1 Operating System and S-Voice application, Internet connection, contacts unit, and media player was used. The smartphone was fitted with MP3 files of leisure events and the names and telephone numbers of selected communication partners. The participants were taught to use the smartphone (open the files and reach the partners) through specific verbal utterances. The results showed that all participants learned to use the smartphone. Their independent engagement times (leisure plus communication combined) increased from baseline values of zero to means of between about 75% and 85% of the session lengths. These results indicate that a smartphone-based program may support independent leisure and communication engagement in people with visual impairment and intellectual disability who possess verbal skills.


The effects of global climate change threaten the availability of water resources worldwide and modify their tempo-spatial pattern. Properly quantifying the possible effects of climate change on water resources under different hydrological models is a great challenge in ungauged alpine regions. By using remote sensing data to support established models, this study aimed to reveal the effects of climate change using two models of hydrological processes including total water resources, peak flows, evapotranspiration, snowmelt and snow accumulation in the ungauged Hotan River Basin under future representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios. The results revealed that stream flow was much more sensitive to temperature variation than precipitation change and increased by 0.9–10.0% according to MIKE SHE or 6.5–10.5% according to SWAT. Increased evapotranspiration was similar for both models with a range of 7.6–31.3%. The snow-covered area shrank from 32.5% to 11.9% between the elevations of 4200–6400 m, respectively, and snow accumulation increased when the elevation exceeded 6400 m above sea level (asl). The results also suggested that the fully distributed and semi-distributed structures of these two models strongly influenced the responses to climate change. The study proposes a practical approach to assess the climate change effect in ungauged regions.


A Modern wireless broadband system of MIMO OFDM (multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) is more popular because of good data transmission rate, robustness against multipath fading and better spectral efficiency. This system provides reliable communication and wider coverage. A main challenge to MIMO OFDM system is the retrieval of channel state information (CSI) accurately and the synchronization between the transmitter section and receiver section. Proper estimation of synchronization impairments of the system increases the accuracy of Channel State Information obtained. Thus, the concept of joint estimation of system induced synchronization impairments and channel together is adopted. Hence, Maximum Likelihood Algorithms for the joint estimation of synchronization impairments and channel for MIMOOFDM Systems has been carried out in this work. Maximum Likelihood (ML) Algorithm using grid search method for joint parameter estimation has been carried out and results are analyzed. Higher computational complexity introduced by the method of grid search is a matter of concern in this method. Thus, the method of grid search is replaced by the concept of Newton Raphson that solves the optimization problem with reduced number of computations. Performance of the estimation algorithms is studied through numerical simulations and shows that ML using Newton-Raphson method (MLNR) offers better performance than the conventional ML using grid search method. Theory states that computational complexity is highly reduced on an average implementing Newton-Raphson method.


According to simulating different structure of large transformer tank, a reliable efficient analytic method is provied for analysing transformer tank strength.


Cadmium (1 {mu}M) or decreasing external pH (pH{sub o}) or Na concentration (Na{sub o}) transiently increased cytoplasmic free Ca (Ca{sub i}) by {approximately}5-fold as measured with fura-2 in endothelial cells grown on cover glasses. Cd or pH{sub o}=6 evoked similar peak Ca{sub i} increases in the presence or absence of external Ca indicating that they trigger the release of stored Ca. Cd or 4 mM Na{sub o}, but not pH{sub o} 6, caused sustained Ca{sub i} increases. The sustained phase of the Ca{sub i} response to Cd required external Ca. Decreasing intracellular pH with propionate had no effect on Ca{sub i}. Cd and some other divalent metals also stimulated 45Ca efflux. The potency order of the metals that stimulated efflux was Cd > Co > Ni > Fe(II) > Mn. Cd apparently acts at an extracellular site because loading the cells with a heavy metal chelator (TPEN) only slightly affected Cd- or ATP-stimulated 45Ca efflux. Addition of Zn or Cu(II) to the assay solution prevented the stimulation of efflux by Cd and had no effect on ATP-evoked efflux. Decreasing Na{sub o} stimulated 45Ca efflux {approximately}4-fold and slightly increased 45Ca influx. Decreasing Na{sub o} to 27 mM or pH{sub o} tomore » 6.4 half-maximally increased 45Ca efflux. The stimulation of efflux was independent of external Ca or the osmotic Na substitute. The release of stored Ca, not Ca influx via Na-Ca exchange, causes the increase in Ca{sub i} and 45Ca efflux evoked by decreasing Na{sub o}. Incubating the cells with Zn prior to assaying efflux in the absence of Zn strongly inhibited the stimulation of 45Ca efflux by Cd, pH{sub o} 6, and the Na{sub o} removal. Desensitization by Zn had no effect on ATP-stimulated efflux. These finding support the hypothesis proposed previously that the trace metals or decreasing external Na or pH release stored Ca by stimulating the same cell surface receptor.« less


Idling signatures of the resting brain have become a recent topic of interest in the functional MRI literature, wherein baseline activation signals are spatially localized and interpreted as a connected and synchronized neural network, instantiating a so-called default mode network (DMN). Further work is being done to couple MRI and EEG functional and structural connectivity analyses of this network. In contrast, little work has been done to examine the effective EEG connectivity of the DMN using causal information flow techniques, particularly in autism. The goal of this paper is to examine baseline EEG data of individuals with autism compared to non-autistic individuals to identify properties and changes of causal information flow among maximally independent components of the EEG signal in a default state. The qualitative analysis within this paper suggests greater information flow and activity during rest especially among local components in autism, although quantitative analyses are necessary and important. Future comparisons of functional and diffusion MRI data of the same subjects will provide a multimodal approach to extracting distinct features of the DMN across populations, in order to identify robust functional, structural, and effective, connectivity characterizations of neural deficits in autism.


. With the progress of teaching technology and the development of education concept, the mixed teaching mode has been more and more concerned and recognized by people. Its advantages lie in expanding the teaching time and space, enhancing the attraction of teaching, stimulating the learning enthusiasm and autonomy of learners, opening up the teaching and learning in the e-era, bringing new opportunities and challenges to the reform and development of education and teaching, and promoting the content, methods, the mode and teaching management system have undergone profound changes. Based on the intelligent learning platform, this paper designs a mixed teaching mode for the online course of Aviation Material Storage Management, realizes the main teaching functions of the online course - resource sharing, communication and interaction, feedback and evaluation, and deeply analyzes its role in cultivating students' self-study ability, improving students' thinking ability, and improving students' information literacy, which is of great significance for promoting students' in-depth learning.


Abstract This research delineates the change of Asian outbound travelers' consumption patterns due to the effect of the economic crisis prevailing in Asian countries since late 1997. The study populations are Japanese, Taiwanese, and South Korean travelers to the U.S. between 1997 and 1998. Four consumption patterns are examined by logit analyses. The resulting data reveal that Japanese travelers have significant changes in information acquisition; Taiwanese travelers exhibit significant change in the length of trip; and South Korean travelers show the changes of consumption patterns in three categories, including information acquisition, transportation mode, and length of trip. Tour package is the only consumption pattern that has not changed among the three groups of tourists after the crisis. In the conclusion, marketing strategies are provided for international tourism practitioners focusing on Japanese, Taiwanese, and South Korean outbound travelers to the U.S.


The review discusses the potential use of recombinant DNA technology to modify fermentation characteristics of rumen microorganisms with the objective of improving efficiency of meat, milk or wool production by ruminant livestock. Some of the genetic modification postulated are enhanced cellulolysis, reduced methanogenesis and decreased proteolysis/deamination. The technical difficulties involved in carrying out the gene modifications in terms of vector construction, uptake of DNA and expression of heterologous genes are discussed. Finally, the feasibility of introducing a genetically altered microorganism into a complex symbiotic ecosystem is questioned.


We construct and classify the possible tangent cones at points of limit spaces of non-collapsed sequences of K\"ahler-Einstein metrics with cone singularities.


ABSTRACT A pocket microscope with a special reticle pattern for measuring grain size, thickness of laminae, angle of foreset beds and others in the field is described.


A histochemical procedure has been developed for the demonstration of choline acetyltransferase activity. This procedure is based upon the formation of an insoluble lead mercaptide from coenzyme A (CoASH), a product of the enzymatic reaction. Optimal conditions for the precipitation of the lead mercaptide are defined. The localization of the reaction product in the rat spinal cord is restricted to the neuronal element. Heavy deposition of reaction product in the perikaryon was noted for the anterior motor neurons; some of the other neurons were negative. Boutons terminaux were visible on the surface of all neurons studied. A combination of quantitative radiochemical data, enzyme solubilization, copper inhibition and the histologic distribution of the reaction product is discussed in relation to the specificity of the procedure for the differential localization of choline acetyltransferase and nonspecific acetyl-CoA hydrolase activities.


Chalcogenide amorphous threshold switching devices have been pulse switched and studied in the on‐regime by applying cw functions. A 1‐MHz square, sine, or triangular test wave of maximum amplitude ±7 V applied to a device which is then pulse switched (65, 30, or 10 V threshold), will cause the device to remain in the on‐regime after the set pulse turns off. Lowering the cw frequency or lowering the wave amplitude beneath critical values causes the specimen to turn off. At frequencies significantly above the turn‐off value, the positive and negative high‐current segments of the V‐I on‐regime curve are connected by a very high‐resistance essentially linear region passing through zero. The on‐regime can be preserved in this manner at ambient temperatures varying from at least −196 to + 150 °C; however, increasing ambient temperature causes a decrease in the turn‐off frequency. Decreasing the wave amplitude causes an increase in the turn‐off frequency.


While macroscopic properties of spin glasses have been thoroughly investigated, their manifestation in the corresponding microscopic configurations is much less understood. Cases where both descriptions have been provided, such as constraint satisfaction problems, are limited to their ground state properties. To identify the emerging microscopic structures with macroscopic phases at different temperatures, we study the p-spin model with p= 3. We investigate the properties of self-sustained clusters, defined as variable sets where in-cluster induced fields dominate over the field induced by out-cluster spins, giving rise to stable configurations with respect to fluctuations. We compute the entropy of self-sustained clusters as a function of temperature and their sizes. In-cluster fields properties and the difference between in-cluster and out-cluster fields support the observation of slow-evolving spins in spin models. The findings are corroborated by observations in finite dimensional lattices at low temperatures.


Manufacture of White Soft Cheese from Ultrafiltered Whole Milk Retentate by Khalid Mohamed Shammet, Master of Science Utah State University, 1986 Major Professor: Dr. Carl Anthon Ernstrom Department: Nutrition and Food Sciences viii Manufacture of white soft cheese from ultrafiltered whole cows• milk involved acidification of pasturized homogenized whole milk to pH 6.0 with phosphoric or citric acid. The preacidified milk was ultrafiltered at 54 °C until 60% of original milk weight was removed as permeate, diafiltered with deionized water equal to 38.5% of the original milk and concentrated by UF (4.8 fold) to pre-cheese (38% total solid). The pre-cheese was heated to 76.7°C/16 sec, 71 .l°C/l6 sec (HTST) and 7l.l°C/l5 min (controlled water bath), inoculated with 2% starter culture (Streptococcus cremoris), renneted (10 ml/100 lb retentate) and placed in one pound plastic containers in which coagulation took place (8-10 min). Salt (1 .5%) was added on the top of parchment paper placed under the lid, and the curd was incubated at 85°F. The most acceptable cheese was from ultrafiltered retentate heated for 16 sec at 76.7°C before cheese making. Organoleptic tests showed that samples highest in calcium content ranked highest in acceptability. Acidification with citric acid removed more calcium than phosphoric acid and resulted in softer cheese than the control cheese (non-acidified). Slight


In recent years there has been a rapid development of display technologies, with ever higher pixel density and ever smaller feature sizes being achieved. For example, modern smartphone displays now have densities of more than 800 pixels per inch (ppi) and have pattern elements down to 1.5 m (and they are likely to become even denser in the future).1, 2 These display improvements, however, have also given rise to dramatically higher photomask technology requirements. Indeed, in high-volume production for state-of-the-art displays, many mobile screens are exposed simultaneously from a meter-sized photomask.2 The associated requirements for the overlay precision (i.e., accuracy of lateral dimensions) are quite formidable. To verify the geometry of photomasks used for the production of smartphone screens, we have previously developed a metrology tool—known as the Prexision Mask Metrology System (Prexision-MMS)—which can be used for mask sizes up to that of Generation 8 (G8), i.e., 120


Search a representative picture that is stored on the hard disk at high speed and enables to display. A hard disk 51, and the inputted AV signal is recorded, is created on the basis of the recording position on the hard disk 52. The hard disk 51 is the GOP number of the input image signal and the first data of the GOP numbers is recorded comparison table and T2 are recorded, a hard disk 53, a representative table that is created on the basis of the distance between the intra-picture and the representative picture included in the picture in the GOP number and the corresponding GOP of the GOP which includes the intra-picture necessary to play T3 It is recorded. Image reproduction, recording, GOP, picture signal, an intra picture


The invention provides an ethoxyl starch 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection, in which, 20-80g of ethoxyl starch 130/0.4 and 5-13g of sodium chloride is include in per litre injection. The invention further provides the preparing method and application of the injection. The ethoxyl starch 130/0.4 in the raw material of the medicine in the invention is an improved product of 'heas' used clinically for treating and preventing hypovolemia, acute normovolemic hemodilution and so on. A better normovolemic therapeutic effect is achieved by optimizing molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, reducing displacement grade and changing displacement manner (C2/C6); it can stays in blood for longer time after intravenous drip, consequently, can increase plasma osmotic pressure, tissue fluid back-flow and blood volume, can improve oxygenation condition in or after major operation evidently, and can increase tissue oxygen partial pressure and improve tissue oxygenation faster and earlier, thereby can satisfy the clinic demand better.


The debate surrounding IP care has persisted for two decades--and intensifies as the demands for quality, accessible home care and client self-directed care grow. Policymakers must make every effort to thoroughly examine the issues related to IP care--from ambiguous employment status to competent care delivery--if a reasonable resolution is to be achieved.


In a series of four experiments, African isolates of the hyphomycete fungus Beauveria bassiana were tested for their ability to provide protection against larvae of the stem-borer Sesamia calamistis in maize. Fungus was applied by dressing seeds with dry conidia, by topical application of conidial suspensions into leaf axils, and by injecting conidia into plant stems. Larvae were introduced to treated plants between 3 and 4 weeks after treatment, and the effect of treatment was assessed 1 or 2 weeks later. The frequency of dead plants was significantly reduced in experiments one and two, and there were non-significant reductions in recovery of live larvae. Stem-borer tunnel length was significantly reduced in experiment three, and a non-significant reduction in mean larval weight was observed. In the fourth experiment mean tunnel lengths and larval weights were reduced but the effects were non-significant. Few dead larvae were recovered and none exhibited symptoms of fungal infection. Fungal metabolites may mediate the observed effects and we conclude that the capacity of these isolates to reduce stem-borer damage in maize over an extended period is an encouraging step towards developing alternative pesticides for stem-borer control.


A ducted current meter, which was mounted on the bottom in 6.3 meters of water off the coast of the Florida panhandle, was operative during much of the activity of Hurricane Camille. Before the arrival of the storm an unexpected outward extension of the wave-driven longshore current was recorded. During the storm bottom current speeds ranged up to 160 cm/sec, and their direction rotated from alongshore parallel to the wind to seaward against the wind.


Stochastic Multi‐states First‐order Markov Chain (SMFOMC) models have been used to describe occurrence of daily rainfall. This paper describes optimization of SMFOMC parameters through the generation of synthetic daily rainfall sequences. Three SMFOMC parameters were the number of states (NS), the preserved proportion in the last state (PPL) and the state divider (SD). The multi‐objective differential evolution (MODE) was used to find the Pareto‐optimal line (POL) of two conflicting objectives; (1) minimization of total monthly absolute total relative error (TMATRE), and, (2) minimization of NS. Three probability distributions functions (PDFs) for generating daily rainfall amounts in the last Markov Chain state were compared. They were: (1) the shifted exponential distribution (SE), (2) the exponential distribution (E), and, (3) the two‐parameter gamma distribution (G‐2). The optimal SMFOMC parameters were applied to generate the daily rainfall sequences of 44 rainfall stations located in five regions of Thailand. Reliability of the optimal SMFOMC parameters for each PDF was measured by TMATRE and coefficient of determination (R2). Performance of PDFs was analysed by a ranking method. Results showed that the three PDFs were mostly found to be fitted well with the synthetic daily rainfall sequences. However, highest error was found in case of monthly average minimum daily rainfall values. Out of the three PDFs, the SE demonstrated the lowest performance, while G‐2 performed the best. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society


Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT), cylindrical tubules formed by wrapping a graphene sheet, exhibit novel mechanical and electronic properties. The unique electronic properties of SWNTs, make them an ideal system for studying correlated electron behavior in one-dimension [1]. A breakdown of the Fermi liquid theory is generally expected in 1D systems [2] and a Luttinger liquid can be used to calculate the ground state and low-energy excited states of such 1D systems. There is some evidence, based on transport experiments, that a Luttinger behavior may be present in SWNTs [3]. Because the spin degree of freedom has characteristic properties and plays a key role in a Luttinger liquid, the study of the spin degree of freedom in such systems can shed further light on this matter and NMR is well suited for this purpose. There are theoretical predictions on how the nuclear spin relaxation times (T


AIM: To design and synthesize α-ketothiolester derivatives,and to study their in vitro neurotrophic activities.METHOD:Based on the former work,a series of α-ketothiolester derivatives were designed and synthesized according to the function-activity relationship. To use in vitro successful model for the PC12 cells in anoxic condition,their in vitro neurotrophic activities were observed. RESULT AND CONCLUSION:Ten compounds were designed and synthesized,and their structures were determined by spectral data. The research results showed that most of the compounds have markedly protective effect of anoxic damage of PC12 cells. A further study was worth undertaking.


Website design process of agriculture website group in Dalian was introduced.Design aims and ideas of the website group were summarized.Designs on management platform,function and performance security of website group were discussed.


Given the slow structural transformation of employment in rural areas in India, this paper tries to probe into the structural transformation in semi-arid tropics of India, by using high frequency longitudinal panel data from 1975 to 2010. The results show that, up to early 1980s, structural transformation was very slow and most of the workers dependent on agriculture for their livelihoods. Most of the workers are spent more days in self-employment in agriculture with very few days in paid work. Both men and women have more leisure time during the 1970s compared to early 2000s. However, from 2001 onwards, there has been an increase in non-farm employment opportunities in both self-employment and also paid work mostly for rural male, but most of the rural women remained in farm sector. Results also shows that even though education improves chances of getting higher remunerative employment, still rural labour markets are segmented based on social groups to some extent. The high unemployment among educated youth indicates that the skills acquired by the educational system are not meeting the needs of the rural economy. However, many parents are investing heavily in children's education with the expectation of getting higher paid urban jobs. Over the period, gender and caste differences in wage rates decreased slightly, but are not eliminated wholly. Men work days are more than women work days per year, however If we take domestic work into consideration women work more days than men. Attached labourer are almost eliminated with the implementation of bonded labour abolition act and most of them shifted to different occupations including cultivation or casual agricultural labourer or took up petty businesses. There is significant increase in farm mechanisation in recent years due to scarcity of labour and higher wage rates. The results also show that the real wage rates started increasing much before the introduction of a major employment guarantee program (MGNREGA) and mostly driven by increased non-farm employment opportunities, rural-urban linkages, migration and increased agricultural productivity.


Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease in Caucasians, with an incidence of 1 in 2500 live births and a carriage rate of 1 in 20 individuals. Patients with CF suffer from recurrent and chronic respiratory tract infections and the majority of the associated morbidity and mortality is due to such infections. These infections are usually dominated by Gram-negative organisms, especially the pseudomonads, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, although various other species within the genus Pseudomonas have been identified as clinically significant in such patients, relatively few studies have examined prevalence, either by conventional culture or by molecular techniques, of such species in patients' sputa. The aim of this study is to use a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to determine the presence of genomic DNA from Pseudomonas spp. and P. aeruginosa directly from the sputa of CF patients. Sputum (1 mL, minimum) specimens were collected from 116 children and 57 adult patients who had a wellcharacterised history of CF and placed in sterile (100 mL) plastic disposable containers. Sputum was collected immediately after a standardised session of physiotherapy, stored at ambient temperature and processed within 4 h of collection. Fresh sputum (1 mL, minimum) was mixed with an equal mass of Sputasol (Oxoid SR089A, Oxoid, Poole, England) and incubated in a water bath at 37 ̊C for 15 min, before further qualitative processing for the molecular detection of P. aeruginosa and Pseudomonas spp. All DNA isolation procedures were carried out in a class II biological safety cabinet (MicroFlow, England) in a room physically separate from that used to set up nucleic acid amplification reaction mixes and also from the 'post-PCR' room, in accordance with the good molecular diagnostic procedures (GMDP) guidelines proposed by Millar et al., in order to minimise contamination and hence the possibility of false-positive results. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted directly from patients' sputa, as well as from the P. aeruginosa reference strain ATCC 27853 (Schroeter; Migula), using the Roche High Purity PCR Template Preparation Kit (Roche, England), following the manufacturer's instructions. Extracted DNA was stored at –80 ̊C prior to PCR amplification. With each batch of extractions, a negative extraction control containing all reagents but no sputum was performed, as well as an BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE IN BRIEF


This paper presents the results of a comparative experimental study of low-temperature Zn and Cu line plasmas created on slab targets by 400-ps laser pulse producing irradiance from $4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ to ${10}^{11}{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{}\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}.$ The aim was to examine the nanosecond-scale postpulse evolution of plasmas created in conditions equivalent to those produced by prepulses in collisional x-ray lasers, of elements that have neighboring atomic numbers but very different material properties. The plasmas were interferometrically probed at 4 and 10 ns next to the driving pulse, using geometry that made it possible to obtain an authentic two-dimensional (2D) electron density pattern in the plane perpendicular to the plasma axis. VIS-IR spectroscopy and imaging were used to provide an indication of the electron temperature and volume of the plasma layer near the target. We observe that over the whole range of the applied irradiances the characteristics and/or the expansion history of the Zn and Cu plasmas are very different. For irradiance exceeding a threshold specific to each element the density patterns exhibit an unexpected structure characterized by symmetrical flanks strongly localized in space, suggesting plasma is generated in addition to that produced within the laser pulse duration. The results imply that during the postpulse time the energy coupling between the plasma and the target is substantial for the plasma flow that exhibits a complex 2D character. A comparison of the data and results of a 1.5D hydrodynamic simulation for ${10}^{11}{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{}\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ is made, indicating reasons for problems of such models in the treatment of the plasmas in question, and thus in the treatment of small-prepulse action in some x-ray laser systems.


Gifted students with learning disabilities are becoming more prevalent in the education system. Students with these characteris tics have been filtering through the system for years, but just now being noticed. Gifted students with learning disabilities excel in one are a, while struggling in another. Educators commonly overlook their abilities, which deny these students the chance to reach their full potential. In this paper an attempt has been made to compare creatively learning disabled with academically talented children in relation to their Achievement Motivation, and Cognitive Style. This study was conducted on a represented sample 280 students of grade VI-VIII dra wn from 500 schools of Bareilly and Pilibhit district of U.P, India. It is evident from the present study that academically talented st udents are more achievement motivated than creatively learning disabled and it was also observed that there is no significant difference on cog nitive style between the two said groups.


Glycosyl-transferases respond to a Bi-Bi ordered mechanism, with two substrates and two products, completed by positive or negative cooperativity in relation to substrates concentration.


In this paper, we present a study on the characterization and the classification of binary digital objects. This study is performed using a set of values obtained by the computation of "shape and texture indexes". To get the shape indexes, we extract a set of data called "measures" from 2D shapes, like for example surface and perimeter. These indexes are then used as parameters of a function returning a real value that gives information about geometrical and morphological features of the shape to analyze. A model characterizing the shape (and the texture) of objects is subsequently built. An application to the classification of cell nuclei (in order to diagnose patients affected by the Progeria syndrome) is proposed.


Image de-noising is an important step to improve the AOI (automated optical inspection) image quality of automobile work piece. After analyzing the theory of wavelet transform and the characteristics of traditional soft and hard wavelet threshold de-noising methods, an improved threshold de-noising method was proposed. The new method overcomes the discontinuous in hard threshold de-noising method and reduces the permanent bias in soft threshold de-noising method. At last hard threshold de-noising, soft threshold de-noising method and improved threshold de-noising are used to reduce noises in the same image of workpiece. The results show that the improved threshold method is superior to the traditional soft and hard wavelet threshold de-noising methods in decreasing RMSE and improving PSNR.


— Agencies such as US Geological Survey (USGS), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) offer considerable amount of data on climate, hydrometry and water quality in the United States spanning from 1860s to the current day. While accessible through a web browser, data from these sources typically cannot be directly ingested by modeling or analysis tools without human intervention. Different input/output formats, syntax and terminology, and different analysis scenarios the systems were designed to support, make data discovery and retrieval a major time sink. This paper examines the web services developed as a part of Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI) Hydrologic Information System (HIS) project as a means to standardize access to hydrologic data repositories, facilitate data discovery and enable direct machine-to-machine communication, and the efforts in larger scale to create a standard which is more flexible and generic yet capable of capturing the domain semantics such that interoperability with other scientific domains can be achieved losslessly.


Electrophysiological abnormalities play a role in occurrence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia in patients with structural heart disease. However, risk stratification of patients with impl...


Abstract A. sensitive and precise ion pair reversed phase liquid chromatographic (IP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of zoledronic acid in the presence of its impurities and degradants in parental sterile dosage form. The chromatograph employs octadecyl silane chemically bonded to porous silica, stainless steel analytical column with mobile phase of methanol, and buffer at column flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1, temperature thermo stated to 50°C, and a UV-vis detector wavelength of 215 nm. The buffer used in the mobile phase contains phosphate buffer and tetra butyl ammonium hydrogen sulphate as ion pair, and the pH of the buffer adjusted to 7.2 with dilute orthophosphoric acid. The proposed method was established to have sufficient intermediate precision as a similar separation was achieved on another instrument handled by a different operator, and the method was validated for precision, specificity, linearity, range, accuracy, LOQ, ruggedness, and robustness. The method was also successful in the analysis of the drug in marketed samples subjected to stability testing under stressed conditions of pH hydrolysis, oxidation, and temperature stress as per ICH guidelines. Statistical analysis of the data proved that the method is precise and accurate and can be applied for quantification of impurities and actives in pharmaceutical dosage formulation.


A new type of coaxial millimeter-wave extended interaction oscillator is developed.The MAGIC particle simulation software is uesd to investigate the dependence of the output power on the operation parameters and the optimum operation parameters for the device are obtained.The simulation results show that this device can generate microwave power of 17.5 kW in 8 mm wave band.


An improved image coding algorithm,which is based on embedded zerotree wavelet(EZW),is proposed in this paper.The ideas of the improved algorithm mainly include: The lowest frequency subband is coded without loss;the reverse Morton scan order is adopted;and running length coding is carried out of symbol bitstream to reduce the redundancy among zerotrees.Making full use of the characteristics of wavelet coefficients,the algorithm demands less time in coding and offers better PSNR values in the same Bpp.The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has not increased code bit rate and benefits real-time coding.


The primary goal of this project was to identify the biological sources of fecal contamination within and around the Mission tunnel of SLO Creek. Fecal coliform bacteria are used as an indication of fecal contamination that may include disease‐causing bacteria and viruses. Using a library‐based approach, we were able to track the possible sources of this contamination by analyzing specific regions of DNA within isolated E. coli samples. Environmental samples were collected from the Mission Tunnel mouth and underneath the Marsh Street Bridge and E. coli was isolated and identified using biochemical tests. Two regions of DNA (16‐23 and 23‐5 ITS) were amplified from each bacterial isolate and analyzed by a novel bacterial strain typing method known as pyroprinting. These pyroprints were matched to the Cal Poly Library of Pyroprints, which contains data for approximately 7000 E. coli isolates from various wildlife, human, domesticated animal, and environmental sources. Out of a total 843 isolates collected from SLO Creek, 25% matched isolates in the database. Approximately 72% of these matches were to unique hosts, with the majority of unique matches being to cow (51%) and pigeon (25%) isolates. Other matches include those to samples from humans (7%), horses (5%), turkeys (4%), and chickens (3%). The bias toward cow isolates (despite the absence of cows in the immediate area) and the low percentage of total matches indicates that more samples from different hosts need to be collected for the pyroprint library in order to gain a better picture of fecal contamination sources.


A chromium-loaded ash originating from incineration of tannery sludge under anoxic conditions was mixed with low grade soda-lime glass powder coming from commercial glass bottles. The relative weight proportions of ash over glass powder tested were 30/70, 40/60 and 50/50. The solid mixtures, formed in green state compacts, were sintered at the temperature range of 800C up to 1200C. The resulting products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) and micro-indentation. The above methods were employed to characterize the various phases, microstructure and hardness of the produced materials. Thermal treatment at 800C and 1000C produced opaque ceramic products composed of a variety of chromium-containing and chromium-free crystalline phases. Thermal treatment at 1200C gave rise to composite products, where only chromium-containing crystalline phases were detected. Hardness results suggest that specific products are serious candidates for structural applications. Keywords—Chromium-rich tannery residues, glass-ceramic materials, mechanical properties, microstructure.


This paper investigates discrete type shock semi-Markov decision processes (SMDP for short) with Borel state and action space. The discrete type shock SMDP describes a system which behaves like a discrete type SMDP, except that the system is subject to random shocks from its environment. Following each shock, an instantaneous state transition occurs and the parameters of the SMDP are changed. After presenting the model, we transform the discrete type shock SMDP into an equivalent discrete time Markov decision process under the condition that one of the assumptions P, N, D, holds. So the most results from discrete time Markov decision processes can be generalized directly to hold for the discrete type shock SMDP.


No question about it, the world wide web is a boon to preachers—and perhaps especially to busy preachers on a budget. The challenge is finding sites that serve biblical interpretation, congregational and cultural analysis, and interaction with other preachers—without giving over to canned sermons or other (sometimes expensive) quick fixes. The following annotated list of preaching websites is by no means exhaustive. Yet, it can help serious preachers to sample several available resources and bookmark a few tried and true study resources on their computer. A few tips for preaching preparation with the use of these resources could be the following:


Results of research of metamaterials based on planar structures with possibility of electronic control of their effective constitutive parameters are presented. Numerical and experimental demonstration of the Tamm State peak formation for the planar photonic crystal is presented. The spatial distribution of the electric and magnetic components of EHF field in the mue-near-zero planar hyperbolic metamaterial is detected and analyzed.


Taxation e-system is a modernization of taxation using information technology. With the use of information technology in taxation, it is expected to be able to improve service to taxpayers, both in terms of quality and time so that it is more effective. But the knowledge of most taxpayers, especially students about the tax e-system is still low, so the Directorate General pf Taxes needs to socialize the existence of this tax e-system. The research objective is to determine the effect of the use of taxation e-system in the form of e-registration, e-spt, e-filling, e-billing to the understanding of accounting students. The research method used in this study is a quantitative descriptive approach. This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to students who took the 2015 tax accountingconcentration at Bina Bangsa University, Banten. The results of this study indicate that partially e-registration and e-filling affect the understanding of accounting students. While e-spt and e-billing have no effect on the understanding of accounting students. But  simultaneously all e-registration, e-spt, e-filling and e-billing variables affect the understanding of accounting student.


In this paper, we prove that each injective simplicial map of the arc complex of a compact, connected, orientable surface with nonempty boundary is induced by a homeomorphism of the surface. We deduce, from this result, that the group of automorphisms of the arc complex is naturally isomorphic to the extended mapping class group of the surface, provided the surface is not a disc, an annulus, a pair of pants, or a torus with one hole. We also show, for each of these special exceptions, that the group of automorphisms of the arc complex is naturally isomorphic to the quotient of the extended mapping class group of the surface by its center.


This paper treats the physical environments influence on the spritual experience that comes with pilgrimage. The paper deals with a case study on a two-day pilgrimage in Sweden. The method triangulating has been used in the forms; participating observation, interviews and one poll. The question at issue has also included what spiritualism really is for the persons in the paper. The interviews are also concerned with the general environmental significance on pilgrimages.

The study shows that the wide open landscape and the fact that you can see so far ahead has helped the spiritual experience most. The persons are also affected generally of details in the environment as water, plants and animals.
The fact that there were churches on the way were very important to the spiritual experience and the length of the road was also of great importance.
The spiritual experiences environmental influence also has to do with how the pepole define spiritualism.
To sum everything up; the simple environment and the context that the Pilgrimagecenter has
for its walkings has affected the participants spiritual experience on this walking (pilgrimage).


This paper goes deep into according to not overall type combination beam and overall type combination beam two types for its mechanics function and design calculation to discuss,the calculation that aims at making up section in curtain wall structural design offers scientific basis,and listsa concrete example to analyze and calculate.


Pyrene-labeled amphiphilic hyperbranched poly(sulfone−amine)s (Py-Am-HPSA) with a hydrophilic hyperbranched core and different amounts of hydrophobic tails were synthesized by end-capping of pyrene-labeled hyperbranched poly(sulfone−amine) (Py-HPSA) with palmitoyl chloride. The characterization of fluorescence showed that the excimer-to-monomer intensity ratio (IE/IM) increased with increasing content of hydrophobic units in polymers. In the range pH below 7, Py-Am-HPSA displayed the ordinary concentration-quenching effect of fluorescence for monomer emission and excimer emission, while the ratio of IE/IM monotonically increases with the increase of polymer concentration. With the rise of concentration of Py-Am-HPSA, IE/IM increases slightly and then significantly as it reaches the critical point where the concentration is 2−5 g/L. The acidity (or pH) of the aqueous solution has a great influence on the association behavior of Py-Am-HPSA. In the range pH 6.5−8, the ratio of IE/IM for Py-Am-HPSA increases ...


Hybrid 2D nanofibers based on poly(ethylene oxide)/ polystyrene matrix and poly(ferrocenylphosphinoboranes) as Abstract Template smart inorganic polymers within an organic polymeric matrix to form hybrid nanostructured materials are a unique approach to induce novel multi-functionality. In particular, the fabrication of one-dimensional materials via electrospinning is an advanced tool, which has gained success in fulfilling the purpose to fabricate two-dimensional nanostructured materials. We have explored the formation of novel hybrid nanofibers by co-spinning of poly (ferrocenylphosphinoboranes) Fe A [{Fe(C 5 H 5 )(C 5 H 4 CH 2 PHBH 2 )} n ] and Fe B [{Fe (C 5 H 5 )(C 5 H 4 PHBH 2 )} n ] with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and polystyrene (PS). Fe A and Fe B contain main-group elements and a ferrocene moiety as pendent group and have different properties compared to their only carbon-containing


Objective: To investigate the level of HSP60 in gastric cancer and its relationship with angiogenesis.Methods: The protein expression of HSP60 were detected in 85 gastric cancer tissues and 35 normal adjacent tissues by immunohistochemistry respectively.Microvessel density(MVD) was evaluated by testing the expression of CD34.Results: The protein expression of HSP60 was higher in gastric cancer tissues than in normal adjacent tissues(P0.01),and the increased HSP60 expression was Significant correlation with the size,differentiation and invasion of tumor(P0.05),while the microvessel density in gastric cancer tissues was strong related to the size and invasion of tumor(P0.05).In addition,significant association were seen between microvessel density and HSP60 expression in gastric cancer tissues((r=0.404,P0.05).Conclusion: The higher expression of HSP60 is signi?cantly involved in angiogenesis and progression of gastric cancer,suggesting a role for HSP60 as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.


. This study investigates the influence relationship between emotional intelligence and social support on work stress in nurses during the post-pandemic situation. This study uses Multidimensional Instrument of Perceived Social Support ( α = 0,870), Work Stress ( α = 0,904), and Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS) ( α = 0,910). Hypothesis testing using multiple linear regression analysis. The total sample of the research are 41 nurses (78% female) age from 24–54 who filled out an online questionnaire. The results of the regression test showed that emotional intelligence and social support was found to be unable to predict work stress of nurses. We found that all three dimensions of emotional intelligence did not predict nurse work stress, henceforth, the fourth dimension of emotional intelligence (regulation of emotion) (sig. 0.015 < 0.05) significantly predicted work stress on nurses in a negative direction. This shows that the higher the emotional management ability of nurses, the lower their work stress. Social support was found to be unable to predict the work stress of nurses maybe because of the different source of social support and source of work stress. In post-pandemic conditions and the increasing pressure felt by nurses, health service providers need to provide training to improve emotional regulation which will ultimately reduce nurses' work stress.


Based on the symptom check list 90,EPQ scale and the simplified coping style questionaire,the author made a relative study on psychological health, personality character and coping style of 267 prison guard of police bureau in Xi'an city . The study shows this: ①The mental health, personality character and coping style could be effected by many factors, such as gender,age,educational background,income, origin,satisfactory degree of working enviroment and some others. The mental health, personality character and coping style could effect each other. ②The psychological health state of 267 prison guard is much worse than that of domestic common people. ③The personality character of 267 prison guard shows much higher hostility and lower nervous than that of domestic common people. ④The coping style of 267 prison guard often take positive coping styles. ⑤Psycholggical health, personality character and coping style of prison guard are closely related.


Object and relational technology have conflicting architectural and design principles. Storing objects in a relational database takes considerable amount of time and effort in an overall project development schedule. One approach to implement object-relational mapping is to use a persistence framework. Smalltalk and Java have in built runtime features like Reflection and Introspection to assist in building such a framework. C++ runtime support does not go beyond type identification and its strong type checking imposes additional complexity in implementing a persistence framework. This paper demonstrates an approach for implementing a persistence framework (O-R Link) in C++.


SUMMARY In this paper we discuss collapsibility of logistic regression coefficients over a background variable and present necessary and sufficient conditions for collapsibility.


A theoretical method to analyze the strong turbulence in far-nonequilibrium plasmas is discussed. In this approach, a test mode is treated being dressed with interactions with other modes. In this article, nonlinear dispersion relation of the dressed mode and statistical treatment of turbulence is brie‡y reviewed. Application to the problem of abrupt onset oh global MHD mode is explained. Foundation based on the Mori method (projection operator method) is also described. Analogue to the method of dressed particle, which has given Balescu-Lenard collision operator for inter-particle collisions, is mentioned.


Household management is a process of using the required resources to attain the families' goals through planning and taking the necessary steps to meet these goals. The aim of this article is to determine, the level of managerial functions practiced by the families, and the relationship between the levels of managerial functions practiced and family economic status. Management functions include five dimensions (planning, coordinating, organizing, directing and controlling). Family economic status included three dimensions (income, expenditure, and ownership of physical asset). The instrument used for this study is a questionnaire survey; the researcher selected 390 households, out of a total of 127,892 families in Kerman City. Data collection was through face-to-face interviews to obtain information from the heads of households. The relationship between household expenditure, income, ownership of physical asset, and management functions was investigated using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. Findings indicated that elements of management functions have effect on family economic status, but the affected is not considerable, and there is a weak relationship between management functions and family economic status. It may be interesting for future studies to look at the effect of other elements on family economic status.


We revisit chi_{QJ}->l^+l^- (with J=0,1,2 and Q=b,c) within the Standard Model (SM). The electro-magnetic contributions are given in color-singlet model with non-vanishing lepton masses at the leading order of $v$. Numerically, the branching ratios of chi_{QJ} -> l^+l^- predicted within the SM are so small that such decays are barely possible to be detected at future BESIII and SuperB experiments. We investigate chi_{b0}->l^+l^- in Type-II 2HDM with large tan beta, and chi_{b2}->l^+l^- in the Randall-Sundrum model, to see their chance to be observed in future experiments.


In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for decision making and object recognition problems involving vague soft sets and demonstrate the application of this algorithm in a decision making problem set in an imprecise environment. Mathematics Subject Classifications: 68T10, 68T20


PIETOOLS 2022 manual is a document that describes all the features of the MATLAB toolbox for the analysis and control of Partial Integral Equations (PIEs). The manual is aimed to guide, with examples, the first time users to three fundamental features of PIETOOLS: converting coupled ODE-PDEs, DDEs, DDFs, etc., to PIE representation; analysis of stability and input-output properties of PIEs; design of optimal observers and controllers for PIEs. The use of PIETOOLS is not limited to the features described above. However, the manual focuses on these features to provide a holistic understanding of the workflow of PIETOOLS, which will serve as a foundation to develop more complicated programs, for example, the design of boundary feedback controllers, robust observers, robust controllers, etc.


. Using the example of a large batch of baptized Dzungarian Kalmyks, the article examines the resettlement process of Dzungarian refugees to the southern Urals and further to the Volga, which has not yet been viewed historiographically. The measures of the authorities aimed at ensuring the food and other needs of the settlers, their accommodation in winter apartments in the border fortresses of the Uysk line are characterized. Attention is also drawn to the response of the Dzungarian settlers, which affected their behavior and adaptation to the conditions of Russian society: adaptation to a settled life in winter, the disintegration of the usual class structure, which was marked by the adoption of Christianity, which allowed the Dzungarian nobility to exploit the "black bone" Oirats subject to them. All the noted trends in the way of life of the baptized Dzungarian Kalmyks will be further developed after their inclusion in the Stavropol baptized


The paper by Jelinek and colleagues1 in this issue examines the short-term immunogenicity of an accelerated Vero cell-derived Japanese encephalitis vaccine (JE-VC) regimen administered at Days 1 and 8. This regimen is compared with the conventional Days 1 and 29 administration schedule;2 this latter interval frustrates many pre-travel advisors who well know of the high proportion of travelers presenting in close proximity to departure.

In an increasingly fast-paced world, this study addresses part of a long-standing larger desire to prepare all travelers for their trips if there is only a week to do so prior to departure. With much of the adult population in many countries already immunized against hepatitis B,3 the remaining usual travel vaccines that require more than a single dose are then restricted to Japanese encephalitis and rabies.

It is a well-established principle of vaccinology that once you find an appropriate vaccine antigen and if you administer a large quantity of antigen in a single dose or multiple doses very quickly, you will get an antibody response, and often at very high-titers, very rapidly.4,5 The issue then becomes how long that antibody response will last at protective levels. Conventional vaccine regimens are typically designed to give a durable antibody response, ideally for life, or at least for an interval of several years before boosting is required. …

Corresponding Author: David O. Freedman, MD, W.C. Gorgas Center for Geographic Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 845 19th St. S. #203, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170, USA. E-mail: dfreedman{at}shoreland.com


Protocols that express functional materials in a way that amplifies their surface-to-volume ratio offer a means to probe the structural ambiguity and surface-mediated reactivity of technologically important materials. We previously reported that three-dimensional (3D) ultraporous scaffolds, such as silica aerogels, silica fiber paper, and carbon nanofoam paper (CNF), provide a form factor that expresses energy-storing, catalytic ruthenium oxide (RuOx) as essentially all-surface—and a highly disordered one at that. To track the chemical state and solid-state structure of the 3D-expressed RuOx nanoskins as a function of thermal processing, we use X-ray near-edge structure (XANES), extended X-ray fine structure (EXAFS), and differential pair-distribution function (DPDF) analyses. We find that a Ru-centered ∼2.4 A correlation present in the as-deposited oxide, also observed in PDF analysis of RuO2·nH2O but previously unassigned, fits the metastable corundum-like Ru2O3 structure. This corundum-like feature dim...


We extend the model of ferromagnetic superexchange in dilute magnetic semiconductors to the ferromagnetically ordered highly insulating compounds (dilute magnetic dielectrics). The intrinsic ferromagnetism without free carriers is observed in oxygen-deficient films of anatase TiO2 doped with the transition metal impurities in cation sublattice. We suppose that ferromagnetic order arises due to superexchange between the complexes [oxygen vacancies+magnetic impurities], which are stabilized by a charge transfer from the vacancies to impurities. The Hund rule controls the superexchange via the empty vacancy related levels in the energy gap, so that it becomes possible only for the parallel orientation of impurity magnetic moments. The percolation threshold for magnetic ordering is determined by the radius of vacancy levels, but the exchange mechanism does not require free carriers. The crucial role of the nonstoichiometry in the formation of the ferromagnetism makes the Curie temperature extremely sensitive ...


Contact: Dr. Kwang-Cheol Lee (email@example.com) Since the last meeting, the discrepancy in the results between weighing and moving mode experiments has been resolved through improved alignment. KRISS acquired 1st measurement data with respect to one Pt-Ir prototype and one stainless steel (E1) artefact in the beginning of 2020 using Kibble Balance (KB-1). As a result, KRISS joined 1st key comparison of kilogram realization (CCM.M-K8.2019) after mass redefinition with the uncertainty of 1.2×10-7. But we still have problem related to commercial weighing cell, reacting with respect to the parasitic force and torque. Even if compensating its effect and solving additional several minor problems, our KB-1's ultimate uncertainty is expected to be around 5×10-8. Apart from improving the KB-1's performance, at the same time, we decided to develop the 2nd version Kibble balance (KB-2) to achieve our target goal of 1×10-8 level uncertainty. Regarding weighing cell in KB-2, monolithic flexure beam balance will be fabricated to minimize the effect of parasitic force and torque. Regarding permanent magnet system, to make uniform magnetic field (targeting less than 4 × 10-4 in the air gap) Sm2Co17 and Ni-Fe alloy which has high permeability will be used for magnet and yoke, each. For optical system in KB-2, we decided to introduce optical heterodyne interferometer for precise measurement of velocity of coil. And also frequency-doubled, frequency stabilized 532nm laser will replace frequency stabilized He-Ne laser. In electrical measurement system, we have bought new standard resistor that has better long term stability than our old standard resistor. We have plan to compare the performance of two standard resistors in our system. We are developing low noise programmable current source that will be used for KB-2.