Mesoporous silica composites filling densely peptide assemblies (Proteosilica) were newly synthesized as transparent films. Spiropyran guest was co-doped in the films and photo-isomerization between spiropyran form and merocyanine form was repeated by alternate irradiation of visible and UV lights. Circular dichroism (CD) active spectra were observed only for the spiropyran form in the Proteosilica with hexagonal geometry. However, the CD active behavior was absent for the spiropyran in lamellar Proteosilica. Difference in peptide assembling structures would affect chiral sensitivity of the doped spiropyran guest.


Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the polymyxin B (PmB)-sensitive variant of Serratia marcescens smooth-type strain 111 (senLPS) binds significantly more PmB than that of the resistant variant (resLPS), following mild acid hydrolysis this difference is abolished. The main compositional differences between these strains are: (i) the amount of 4-amino-4-deoxy-arabinose (Ara4N); and (ii) the substitution patterns of the phosphate groups. ResLPS contains three times more Ara4N than senLPS, mainly phosphodiesters, whereas senLPS contains mainly (di)-phosphomonoesters. Thus, the senLPS, and the bacterial surface, contain a higher negative charge density. Mild acid hydrolysis decreases the PmB-binding capacity of senLPS and increases that of resLPS. The resulting change in LPS composition was a reduction in the amount of phosphate (about 40%) and a loss of nearly all the Ara4N residues, from both LPS. Mild alkaline hydrolysis removes Ara4N from both LPS, and the hydrolysate contains Ara4N-phosphate, but no Ara4N-(1 →8)-Kdo was detected. The results suggest that the 4'-phosphate of lipid A mediates the binding of PmB, whereas its substitution by Ara4N prevents it.


The work presents age-related data on changes in the digestive enzymes of the blood in pheasants in ontogeny. The research is devoted to the artificial breeding of one of the subspecies of pheasants of our wild fauna (the emerald pheasant - Phasianus versicolor). The aim of the work was to determine the digestive enzyme amylasecontent in the blood plasma of pheasants in post-embryogenesis in comparison with the indicators in the chicks of the original line when using a complex of vitamins and anti-stress drugs. As a result of experimental studies, a change in the blood plasma digestive enzyme amylaseof pheasants from the moment of hatching and up to 2 months of age was revealed, with the complex use of vitamins (A-20000 IU, D3 -1250 IU, E-50 mg), as well as anti-stress preparations of succinic acid at a dose of 0.02 g, 0.03 g, 0.05 g per 1 kg of body weight per day. The determination of activity of the digestive enzyme amylase of the blood was carried out spectrophotometrically according to the method of Karavea, Spectrophotometer Specol 1500 (Analitik Jena), at a wavelength of 690 nm. Amylase activity indices in 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 60-day-old pheasants correspond to 517.8 ± 12.3, 402.5 ± 9.6, 273.1 ± 10.5, 161.6 ± 12.8, 254.5 ± 23.4, 210.7 ± 14.3 U/l. It was found that the activity of the enzyme in 1-day-old pheasants significantly exceeds the activity of amylase in 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60-day-old pheasants by 1.3, 1.9, 3.2, 2.0, 2.5 times, respectively.


nemia of chronic disease (ACD) defined as the anemia occurring in chronic infections and inflammatory conditions is not due to marrow deficiencies or other diseases and occurs in the presence of adequate iron stores and vitamins.¹ The ACD is a prevalent, poorly understood condition that afflicts patients with a wide variety of diseases, including infections, malignancies and rheumatologic disorders. It is characterized by blunted erythropoietin response by erythroid precursors, decreased red blood cell survival and a defect in iron absorption and macrophage iron retention, which interrupts iron delivery to erythroid precursor cells.


The Parent and Child Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (PCUAV) is the second project to originate from the MIT / Draper Technology Development Partnership, which aims to develop first-of-a-kind systems. The PCUAV proposes a low-cost solution to long distance closeup observation, using the cooperative action of a fleet of small UAVs. The project team will prove the potential of the system by demonstrating key enablers such as autonomous air rendezvous. This thesis presents the design of the project's vehicles, namely the Mini and Parent vehicles, and the Avionics Testbed Airplane. The avionics architecture is discussed including a detailed description of its components and their selection. The approach to obtain reliable estimates of aircraft attitude using low-cost gyroscopes is introduced. The planning and execution of several flight tests is presented. Thesis Supervisor: John J. Deyst Title: Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics Thesis Supervisor: James D. Paduano Title: Principal Research Engineer of Aeronautics and Astronautics


Provided are conductive particles with insulating particles, which are capable of increasing insulation reliability in cases where electrodes are connected with each other using the conductive particles with insulating particles. Each conductive particle (1) with insulating particles according to the present invention is provided with: a conductive particle (2) that has a conducive part (12) at least on the surface; a plurality of first insulating particles (3) that are arranged on the surface of the conductive particle (2); and a plurality of second insulating particles (4) that are arranged on the surface of the conductive particle (2). The average particle diameter of the second insulating particles (4) is smaller than the average particle diameter of the first insulating particles (3). Not less than 50% of all the second insulating particles (4) are arranged on the surface of the conductive particle (2) so as not to be in contact with the first insulating particles (3).


No trend in modern antitrust law is more striking than the global acceptance of a norm that condemns cartels as the market's most dangerous competitive vice. As the 1990s began, only the United States and a few other jurisdictions actively challenged horizontal price fixing, bid rigging, and market allocations. By the decade's end, lysine, leniency, and vitamins had changed all of that. Today, more and more antitrust systems treat cartels as serious offenses, and many single out cartels as the preeminent focus of enforcement.1 Expanded prosecution of cartels with increasingly powerful sanctions has inspired an abundance of excellent books about collusion. Superb volumes from recent years include collections of essays on the operation, detection, and punishment of cartels.2 With The Economics of Collusion, Robert Marshall and Leslie Marx have surpassed a formidable field.3 Economics of Collusion is the best single volume yet written about the formation and operation of cartels and bidding rings. As described below, five features of the book stand out.


The effects of melatonin on the pituitary LH and FSH responses to LHRH were studied in culture with the use of pituitary cells from female rats 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 days of age and from adult male and female rats, long term ovariectomized rats, and ovariectomized animals pretreated with estradiol benzoate (5 μg/day for 5 days). Dispersed anterior pituitary cells were prepared by enzymatic dissociation with collagenase and hyaluronidase and were cultured in serum-containing medium for 22 h before use. After removal of serum, the cells were incubated for an additional 3 h in either control medium or medium containing LHRH (10-8 M), melatonin (10-6 M), or LHRH (10-8 M) and melatonin (10-10-10-66 M). Medium LH and FSH concentrations were determined by double antibody RIA. Melatonin significantly inhibited LHRH-induced LH and FSH release by pituitary cells from 5-, 10-, and 15-day-old animals. The minimal effective dose of melatonin was generally between 10-10-10-9 M, and maximal suppression to approximately ...


There are 30026 symmetry-distinct ways to arrange 20 water molecules in a dodecahedral cage with nearly optimum hydrogen bond lengths and angles, analogous to the arrangements that give rise to the zero-point entropy in ice-Ih. The energy of hydrogen bond isomers in (H2O)20, assumed to be similar in the past, differs by up to 70 kcal/mol. The isomers differ widely in their hydrogen bond lengths, some exhibiting bond lengths as short as ∼2.4 A. The differences among the isomers extends to their chemical properties: In some arrangements one or more water molecules spontaneously self-dissociate, giving rise to spatially separated excess proton and hydroxyl ion units in the cluster. Isomers that exhibit these unusual properties can be identified by features of their hydrogen bond topology.


* Corresponding author: Assistant Professor and Head, International Enteric Vaccine Research Program, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Medical Center North D6201, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-2581, USA. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com (O.G. Gomez Duarte). Metabolic syndrome is a reality based on five clinical criteria, associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus.1 The metabolic syndrome was originally described several decades ago and its definition has been the object of controversies and disagreement throughout its history. So much so, that several European and US health organizations have been arguing about the validity of their diagnostic criteria and definitions. Moreover, some trials have questioned its validity as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.2-4 Despite the controversy about the definition of metabolic syndrome and its usefulness for identifying cardiovascular risk, it is evident that the number of cases of metabolic syndrome among the global population has been increasing, as well as the number of reports associating this entity with a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and complications during general anesthesia. In 2009 a consensus between the American Heart Association (AHA) and renowned international organizations (International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, World Heart Federation, International Atherosclerosis Society and International Association for the Study of Obesity) agreed to define the metabolic syndrome as a clinical condition characterized by the presence of at least three of the following factors: a) large abdominal circumference; b) increased triglycerides (>150 mg/dL); c) reduced HDL (<40 mg/ dL in females and <50 in males); d) high blood pressure (>130/85 mmHg), and e) fasting glucose >100 mg/dL.5 Among these factors, the abdominal circumference measurement was the only factor requiring special considerations, considering that such measurement could vary significantly, depending on the population. While the parameters for abdominal circumference have been defined for populations in industrialized countries, the parameters according to age, gender and ethnicity in other developing countries are yet to be defined. In the United States, 31% of the population meet the criteria for metabolic syndrome and it is estimated to be the most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease, even more so than cigarette smoking.6 The metabolic syndrome has been reported in most industrialized countries as well as in developing countries, including Latin America, Africa and Asia.7-9 The increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome worldwide is related to the global trend to sedentary life styles and obesity. Metabolic syndrome in Colombia has been the object of epidemiological studies in different populations and its prevalence has been reported to depend on multiple factors including age, geography and comorbidity of the population studied. While among the 15 to 20 age group the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is 9%, in the 20 to 55 year old group it is 21%, and among the 22 to 73 years old, the prevalence is 34%.10-13 Studies in young HIV positive patients receiving retroviral therapy, indicate a prevalence of 20%.14 Similar studies in hypertensive patients showed that the prevalence of the condition is significantly higher at around 81%.15 The increase in the number of metabolic syndrome cases and the risk that the pathology may represent for the general population during surgery under general anesthesia makes it compelling to make clinical prospective studies for its


A double-power supply loop automatic switching circuit system is to supply a first power supply to an output end through a first output voltage loop. And a second power supply is supplied to the output end through a second output voltage loop. A loop switching control circuit is used for sensing the power supply condition of the supplied loop of the first power supply. When the first power supply supplies normally, the first power is supplied to the output end through the first output voltage loop. And the switch element open circuit is controlled by switch driving signals which are generated from the loop switching control circuit, and the second output voltage loop supplies no power. And when the first power supply supplies no power, the switch element is closed and the second power supply is supplied to the output end through the second output voltage loop.


This study was aimed to figure out the exchange patterns during classroom interaction and its relation to the shift of roles of serving primary knower between a teacher and students. Thirty nine students of twelfth grade and an English teacher in a public senior high school in Bandung were involved as the participants. This study employed a descriptive-qualitative method, and the main data were classroom observation transcript and teacher's interview transcript. The data analysis was done by applying classroom discourse analysis through coding and categorizing utterances of teacher and students into exchange categories proposed by Suherdi (2009). The findings reveal that both Non-Anomalous (Knowledge-Oriented and Action-Oriented) and Anomalous Exchanges (Elliptical, Defective, and Broken) were found in the interaction between the teacher and the students, therefore the exchange categories affect the shift of roles of serving primary knower between teacher and students. With regard to the findings, two exchanges were likely to be dominant among other exchanges throughout four meetings of the lesson; those are DK1-initiated exchanges (30.19%) and A1-initiated exchanges (34.57%).


Abstract We describe work in modelling pitting corrosion of 300 series stainless steel during exposure to chloride containing environments, with a focus on atmospheric conditions. It is well known that, under certain conditions of temperature and humidity, pitting corrosion can initiate on stainless steel if sufficient quantities of chloride containing salts are deposited on its surface. One of the key hypotheses that this work intended to test is the existence of bounds on maximum pit depths in the presence of fixed and possibly limited amounts of cathodic current. In the presence of the relatively high cathodic currents associated with high relative humidity and high surface contamination by hygroscopic salts, which are most likely to be representative of outdoor environments, maximum pit depths are predicted to be of the order of 150–300 μm, developed over periods of several months. In conditions more likely to be representative of indoor conditions with corrosion occurring under thin moisture layers, pit propagation is severely inhibited and very high chloride concentrations are required that favour the development of shallow, dish shaped pits.


In the first days of WZ Sge-type dwarf nova (DN) outbursts, the 2:1 resonance induces a spiral arm structure in the accretion disk, which is observed as early superhumps in optical light curves. This paper reports our optical observations of an eclipsing WZ Sge-type DN PNV J00444033+4113068 during its 2021 superoutburst with the 3.8m Seimei telescope and through VSNET collaboration. The eclipse analysis gave its orbital period as 0.055425534(1) d. Our observations confirmed early superhumps with an amplitude of 0.7 mag, the largest amplitude among known WZ Sge-type DNe. More interestingly, its early superhumps became the reddest around their secondary minimum, whereas other WZ Sge-type DNe show the reddest color around the early superhump maximum. The spectrum around the peak of the outburst showed the double-peaked emission lines of He II 4686\AA~ and H$\alpha$ with a peak separation of $\ge 700$ km/s, supporting a very high-inclination system. With the early superhump mapping, the unique profile and color of the early superhump of PNV J00444033+4113068 are successfully reproduced by the accretion disk with vertically extended double arm structure. Therefore, the large amplitude and unique color behavior of the early superhumps in PNV J00444033+4113068 can be explained by the 2:1 resonance model along with other WZ Sge-type DNe.


Abstract Verb phrases seem to be head initial in affirmative sentences in Lokạạ (a Niger-Congo language of the Cross River area of Nigeria) but head final in negative clauses and gerunds. This article aspires to give a comprehensive description of this phenomenon, together with a theoretical analysis. It considers how a full range of grammatical elements are ordered in both kinds of clauses – including direct objects, second objects, particles, weak pronouns, complement clauses, serial verbs, adverbs, prepositional phrases, tense/mood particles, and auxiliary verbs. The pattern that emerges is a bit different from the one found in some superficially similar languages, such as Vata, Bambara, Nupe, and Nweh. I argue that the details are correctly explained by a "remnant movement" theory in which the Lokạạ verb first moves out of the verb phrase to combine with tense/agreement inflection, and then the rest of the verb phrase moves as a unit into a specifier position at the top of the clause. This position is available because the notional subject undergoes dislocation in Lokạạ, as has been claimed for many of its Bantu kin.


The multiplicity distribution of charged particles produced from proton–proton collisions at energies s = 2.36, 2.76, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13 and 14 TeV were studied in the present work. Furthermore, multiplicity distribution was studied in different pseudorapidity regions ∣η∣ < 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5. KNO scaling was studied at the same pseudorapidity regions. This is valid in the pseudorapidity region ∣η∣ < 0.5, but with increasing pseudorapidity, the violation increases. The influence of MPI and color reconnection in violation of KNO scaling were studied. The relation between mean multiplicity and collisions energy was explored, noted that it increases with the increasing energy of collisions.


Reduced pyridine(diimine) molybdenum olefin complexes have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Examples with 1,5-cyclooctadiene, (PDI)Mo(η2:η2-1,5-COD) (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) adopt a distorted-trigonal-bipyramidal geometry and are best described as low-spin Mo(II) compounds arising from significant π back-donation to the ligand from a reduced molybdenum center. With the 2,6-diisopropyl N-aryl-substituted variant of the pyridine(diimine) ligand, a molybdenum bis(ethylene) complex was obtained. Reducing the size of the N-aryl substituents to 2,4,6-trimethyl resulted in isolation of (MesPDI)Mo(η4-butadiene)(η2-ethylene) following sodium amalgam reduction of the corresponding molybdenum(III) trichloride complex in the presence of excess ethylene. Analysis of the byproducts of the reaction and olefin addition experiments demonstrate that butadiene formation is consistent with a pathway involving ethylene coupling to form 1-butene followed by allylic dehydrogenation to produce butadiene. Excess...


Understanding of the Internet evolution is important for many research topics, such as network planning, optimal routing design, etc. In this paper, we try to analyze CAIDA AS-level topology dataset from 2004 to 2010 to validate two conjectures on the Internet evolution, i.e., the Internet flattening trend and the preferential attachment rule. Our analysis shows that the evolvement of the Internet core is different from the edge of Internet. We classify the Internet into several layers using different layering methods, i.e., Rich Club coefficient based method, k-core decomposition method and SARK hierarchy model, and then study the changes of the features of these layers. Under all of these laying methods, we find that the boundaries between neighboring layers in the Internet core are more and more blurred; ASes in the core distribute more evenly and different layers are closer to each other in size, while the Internet edge still has a distinct hierarchical characteristic. It is more evident in Asia and Europe than North America. The other difference between Internet core and Internet edge is that link births/deaths in the Internet core follow the "Preferential Attachment/de-attachment" rule, while link births/deaths in the Internet edge follow a super linear preferential attachment/de-attachement rule. On the other hand, in both Internet core and Internet edge, link births caused by AS births present stronger preference than link rewiring.


Background/Aim: We performed multimodality therapy comprising preoperative chemotherapy, extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP), and radiation therapy for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Although multimodality therapy resulted in good prognosis, further improvement is required. Therefore, herein, we analysed the prognostic factors using surgical specimens and searched for suitable molecular targets to improve the prognosis after multidisciplinary treatment. Patients and Methods: Forty-six patients with MPM underwent multimodality therapy. Paraffin-embedded surgical samples were used for immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of phosphorylated (p-) AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), and S6 ribosomal protein (S6RP). Results: On univariate and multivariate analyses, significant differences were observed according to the histological type, pathological stage, and p-mTOR expression rate. Conclusion: The prognosis of MPM is affected by p-mTOR expression, suggesting that molecular-targeted treatment might be used during multimodal therapy for MPM.


We introduce a new type of utility that we call "process utility," which pertains to individuals' preference about how they want to obtain an outcome. We posit that decision makers derive utility n...


We demonstrate high Q RF and Microwave filters based on a transversal filter with a 49GHz soliton crystal microcomb source.


Approximately five tyrosine residues of ricin D were iodinated preferentially under appropriate conditions probably forming diiodotyrosine. Iodination of this toxin carried out in 0.1 m phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 and 0°C for 60 min with a 20 fold molar excess of iodine per mole of protein, yielded a main component which appeared as a single band on polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. Analysis of protein-bound radioactivity and the content of diiodotyrosine of 181I-labeled ricin D revealed that two tyrosine residues in the isoleucyl chain and three in the alanyl chain were substituted. The toxicity of iodinated ricin D decreased to one hundredth of that of native protein, However, the hemagglutinating activity of this protein was not affected by the iodination reaction.


Histopathology can be a key tool for practitioners, providing a diagnosis or assisting with treatment. This article outlines the importance of correct sample submission in histopathology and provides a brief summary of best practice to produce optimum results. These are general outlines and it is always recommended that specific laboratories are contacted to discuss sample submission.


System and method of interpretation of sign language. # Stands primarily for its bidirectional, allowing the translation of sign language (LS) to speech and vice versa, said fully portable system for use in any location or situation, comprising a pair of gloves (10, 10?) intended to be worn by the person with speech impairment, each of which is provided with flexion sensors (11, 12) and at least one accelerometer (13) adapted to collect information on the position and movements performed; and wherein each glove (10, 10?) also has a microcontroller (14) receiving information from sensors (11, 12, 13) and converts it into a digital signal for subsequent shipment by? bluetooth? to a mobile device (20) which it is provided with processing means, transcription and 3D animation message playback in spoken and vice versa, oral leguaje LS.


Objective: To study the infrared irradiation combined electric acupuncture plus acupoint sticking nursing clinical effect for the treatment of 53 cases of facial paralysis. Methods: Selection January 2011-March 2014 at chongqing jiangbei huaxin street community health service center for treatment of 106 patients with facial nerve paralysis, and randomly divided into control group and observation group, control group to implement the curative treatment, on the basis of the observation group was treated in the control group used infrared irradiation and acupoint sticking therapy, and take corresponding nursing measures. Compare two groups of patients' satisfaction and therapeutic effect. Results: The control group total effective rate 74.36%, the observation group was 96.23%, comparing the two groups(P 0.05), the difference was statistically significant. The control group patients recovery average treatment time was(37.31 + 6.62) d,(26.23-4.61) for observation group d, comparing the two groups(P 0.05), the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: Infrared irradiation combined electric acupuncture plus facial paralysis with obvious therapeutic effect of acupoint sticking nursing, high safety, can shorten the duration of symptoms, worth clinical promotion use.


The Swedish micro-satellite Astrid-2 was successfully launched into a near polar orbit in December 1998. Despite the fact that its primary mission was the research of Auroral phenomena, the magnetic instrumentation has been designed to accomplish high resolution vector field magnetic measurements, and therefore mapping of the Earth's magnetic field is possible. The spinning of the spacecraft about a certain axis makes stabilisation in space possible. This fact and the well distributed data over the globe makes the magnetic data well suited for the estimation of the magnetic field model at the spacecraft altitude (circa 1000km). This paper describes the initial analysis of the Astrid-2 magnetic data. As a result of the study of a single day (February 7, 1999) magnetically fairly quiet, it was possible to calibrate the magnetometer and find a magnetic field model that fitted the scalar component of the measurements to less than 5nTRMS (for latitudes equatorward of 50o). Several methods for field modelling are presented in this paper with the assumption that the direction of the spin axis is nearly constant. The orientation of the magnetometer might be determined simultaneously with the instrument calibration and the main field model coefficients. Hence, apart from the scientific use of the magnetic data, the attitude of the spacecraft may be estimated with high precision.


quasi-split reductive algebraic group defined over R and is named as an endoscopic group for G in [8, p. 390]. One of these character identities can be stated as follows. Let T be a Cartan subgroup of G and assume that there holds the condition (N) that no Cartan subgroups of H originate from T. Roughly speaking, this condition means that H does not contain a Cartan subgroup isomorphic to T. Then the analytic function on Greg corresponding to the distribution Lift ƒ¦H is identically zero on T•¿Greg, where Greg denotes the totality of regular ele ments in G. Now we would like to consider the converse problem. That is, let 'c be a tempered invariant eigendistribution on G such that corresponding func tion zr' is identically zero on T•¿Rreg. Then is it true that rc is a linear com bination of Lift ƒ¦H's for various H's satisfying the condition (N)? In this note, we treat the above problem for the case G=Sp(n,R), T its split Cartan subgroup. Furthermore we assume that it' is not identically zero on T0•¿Greg for a compact Cartan subgroup To of G, and ir has a regular infinitesimal character. Then the above problem is solved affirmatively and moreover we get another characterization of such it (condition (B) below).


We study small-parameter asymptotics of eigenelements of a boundary-value problem for the Laplace operator in a thick cascade junction with concentrated masses. There are five qualitatively different cases in the asymptotic behaviour of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions as the small parameter tends to zero (`light', `intermediate', `slightly heavy', `intermediate heavy' and `very heavy' concentrated masses). We study the influence of concentrated masses on the asymptotics of eigenvibrations in the last two cases. We construct the leading terms of asymptotic expansions for eigenfunctions and eigenvalues and rigorously justify them by appropriate asymptotic estimates. We also find new types of high-frequency eigenvibrations.


Benthic macroinvertebrate communities and environments at the upper and lower sites of levees in the middle reaches of paenae stream, a tributary of the naktong river,were investigated in four seasons from August 1989 to may 1990. Current velocities were significantly fast at the loer sites than the upper sites of levees. Substratum compositions were also different between these two sites. Abundances of major species of benthic macroinvertebrates occurring in four seasons were primarily dtermined by temperature. in each location of levees, however, current velocities and substratum particle sizrs were important in determining species were generally higher than upper sites of levees. Biological indices were also high at the lower sites of levees. diversity, evenness and dominance indices were positively correlated with the quantity of the middle-sized large pebbles(3∼5cm in diameter) in stream bed.


This paper describes calculations using the mass balance method on aluminum alloy scraps, including soft drink cans, aluminum engine components, low alloy aluminum materials, and aluminum computer disks, to formulate A380.0 casting alloy. All recycled aluminum alloys from the same source were considered to be identical. Six approaches of mixing by weight percent, with the aid of an X-ray fluorescence technique, were successfully completed. A380.0 electrical conduit fittings were produced using the die casting technique. Mechanical tests including compression, impact, tensile, and suspended load indicated that die cast recycled aluminum alloy conduit fittings under classification 4 (heavy load condition) satisfied the requirements as stated in BSEN 50086-1: 1993.


Many colorectal cancers are thought to be original from adenomatous polyps in the colon.Colonoscopy is a preferred diagnosis option for adenomatous polyps.Advances in colonoscopy technology improve the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy.The treatment of adenomatous polyps includes polypectomy,surveillance,and drug therapy.Polypectomy under colonoscopy is safe and effective,which replaces the traditional open surgery.However,colonoscopy surveillance interval after polypectomy and drug therapy are still controversial.


The objective
 of this study was to refine quantitative trait loci (QTL) for osteochondrosis (OC) in Hanoverian warmblood
 horses in order to identify candidate genes with influence on the development
 of OC. From a
 high number of QTL identified in a previous whole genome scan, genome-wide
 significant QTL located on ECA5 and ECA16 and a chromosome-wide significant
 QTL located on ECA21 were chosen for further fine mapping. The release of the
 horse genome assembly EquCab2 made it possible to develop new microsatellites which enabled a decrease of the marker
 distances in QTL regions of less than 1 Mb. Microsatellites
 were genotyped for 104 progeny of 14 paternal half-sib families of Hanoverian
 warmblood horses, their dams and eight sires. Data
 was analysed using non-parametric linkage analysis based on identical by
 descent (IBD) mapping. Traits used were OC (fetlock and/or hock joints
 affected), OCD (fetlock and/or hock joints affected), fetlock OC, fetlock
 OCD, hock OC and hock OCD. On ECA5, a total of 49 new microsatellites
 were used, which could narrow down the QTL for fetlock OCD to an interval at
 76.69 to 92.77 Mb. For fetlock OC, the QTL could be refined to a region from
 79.65 to 89.31 Mb. On ECA16, altogether 56 microsatellites
 and 15 SNPs were genotyped in order to refine the
 putative QTL. The analysis revealed a delimitation of the QTL for hock OCD to
 an interval between 17.60 and 45.80 Mb. The QTL for fetlock OC could be
 narrowed down to a region from 6.55 to 24.26 Mb. Furthermore, the analysis
 revealed a QTL for OC in fetlock and/or hock joints at 14.38 Mb and in the
 region from 12.10 to 24.26 Mb for OCD in fetlock and/or hock joints. The
 refinement of the QTL on ECA21 using 22 microsatellites
 allowed a verification of the QTL for hock OC and hock OCD at 5.45 to 17.14
 Mb. On ECA18, a new QTL for osteochondrosis in
 fetlock and/or hock joints could be detected between 74.94 and 82.25 Mb after
 increasing the marker density from seven microsatellites
 in the whole genome scan to a total of 27 markers. Due to the availability of
 an equine SNP chip, which assays ~50,000 SNPs
 simultaneously, a whole genome association analysis was performed with 154
 unrelated Hanoverian warmblood horses. Focussing on
 the refined QTL on ECA5, 16, 18 and 21, single marker and haplotype
 association was performed for SNPs being located in
 the QTL and nearby. Haplotype association of SNPs could narrow down the genomic regions to intervals
 between 76.79 and 81.10 Mb on ECA5, between 17.57 and 20.1 Mb on ECA16 for
 the QTL for hock OCD, between 79.36 and 80.84 Mb on ECA18 and between 8.97
 and 16.18 Mb on ECA21. Furthermore, six QTL on ECA1, 4, 14, 16, 18 and 30
 were detected for the trait OC in fetlock and/or hock joints and four QTL for
 OCD in fetlock and/or hock joints on ECA1, 3, 30 and X. For the trait OC in
 fetlock joints, five different QTL on ECA2, 16, 26, 30 and X were identified,
 for the trait OCD in fetlock joints five QTL were observed on ECA2, 3, 13, 22
 and 30. For hock OC five QTL were discovered being significant on ECA1, 4,
 14, 29 and 30, for hock OCD three QTL were identified on ECA1, 6 and 30. The
 refinement and identification of QTL was a first step towards the discovery
 of genes responsible for equine osteochondrosis. It
 is unlikely that any of the SNP found associated with osteochondrosis
 represent causal mutations, as most of them are located in intergenic regions. In order to develop a marker test,
 significant associated SNPs should be verified in a
 large sample of horses.


Objective:To observe bovine aortic endothelial cells(BAECs) proliferation after they were seeded on decellu-lar porcine heart valve leaflets pre-conditioned by different methods. Methods: Decellular porcine aortic In-art valve leaflets were used as scaffold. They were pre-conditioned by fibronectin(Fn) fetal calf serum(FCS) and Dulbecco minimum essential medium(DMEM) without FCS for 12 h.then BAECs were seeded onto them at 24 h interval for 3 times. On 4 and 7 d after seeding, the proliferations of BAECs were observed by cell counting,MTT,3H-thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation. Results: There were significant differences in endothelial cell proliferation between group Fn,group FCS and group DMEM (P0. 01) by cell counting, MTT, and 3H-TdR incorporation. As for histology,the endothelial cell proliferations of group Fn and FCS were better than group DMEM. Conculsion:Decellular porcine heart valve leaflets pre-conditioned by Fn and FCS can enhance the cell proliferation on the scaffold. These methods are helpful for creating tissue-engineered heart valve in vitro.


The introduction of student primary teachers to elementary algebraic reasoning is a long and complex process (Van Dooren, Verschaffel and Onghema, 2003). It is considered that primary teachers should be able to recognize and to foster the algebraic reasoning manifested spontaneously by their students (Carraher and Schlieman, 2007). Therefore, research about fostering elementary algebraic reasoning in student teachers is of great relevance to initial teacher education (Borko et al, 2005).


This paper describes work done to develop an intelligent decision support system and associated display for marine pilots. This system is based around the concept of an electronic chart with DGPS positioning and provides real time advice to pilots and ships masters in confined port approach areas. The system is intended to demonstrate how advanced Electronic Chart equipment can provide added value to ship safety in restricted waters. The questions that had to be resolved in developing an interface to such a system may provide some stimulus to those involved in the design of coastal navigation systems.


The effectiveness of ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, calcium nitrate and urea for winter grown head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was evaluated. N source did not affect yield, quality factors, head size or total N accumulation. Applications of fertilizers containing NO3-N resulted in slightly higher NO3-N concentrations in the midribs. Plant growth and N accumulation were similar with all N sources at low temperatures. Air temperature below 13°C for a week or more sharply reduced N uptake and plant growth with all sources. About 80% of the total N is taken up by the plants in the 4 weeks before harvest. N source did not affect quality.


Long distance travel is associated with travel fatigue and jet lag (1). Travel for leisure, business or both is similarly affected, and a premium class of travel does not alleviate the problem totally. The jet lag syndrome includes the symptoms of sleep disturbance, increased levels of fatigue compared with the usual irritability during the arrival daytime and variable loss of concentration. Jet lag is a result of the body clock not being adjusted immediately to the new time zone. As the body clock adjusts, jet lag resolves. The number of time zones crossed significantly affects jet lag – as the number increases the severity of the jet lag increases, and travelling over three time zones invariably leads to jet lag, with sleep being the body rhythm most affected. The world is divided into 24 time zones based on the Greenwich meridian in England. The time changes by 1 h every 15 travelled in either direction, with jet lag more of a problem flying eastwards compared with flights to the west. By flying east, the body struggles to adjust to a longer day, so that the duration of jet lag in days can be calculated to be two-thirds the number of time zones crossed eastwards, compared with half the number of zones crossed westwards. Speeding up the time frame may help or reduce jet lag, so direct flights are preferable, but sadly we no longer have Concorde. Although no cure is available, jet lag can be alleviated by trying to adjust the body clock to maximise the synchronisation of the circadian phase to the rhythm and sequence of light and dark at the destination (2). In practice, this means on travelling west staying awake as long as it is light and if possible to the bed time hour in the new destination, and on travelling east staying awake but avoiding bright light in the morning. Showering and then being out and about as much as is feasible in the afternoon is recommended, with drinking plenty of water and avoiding excess caffeine or alcoholic drinks to promote rehydration. Take a brief nap if needed, but not long enough to stop getting to sleep at night. Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and is turned off by light, so that its release is associated with the time for sleep. The pattern of behaviour advocated above is designed to turn it back on naturally at the correct time. Melatonin replacement is frequently advocated to reduce jet lag, and short-acting hypnotics such as zolpidem are also prescribed. Melatonin is considered to be a food additive in the United States of America, Singapore and Thailand so its purity is not regulated. In some countries (not the UK), it is considered a medication requiring a license, but no preparation is marketed which means it is often sourced from the Internet where counterfeit 'medications' abound. Melatonin (2–5 mg) is taken at bedtime and is believed to benefit the time phase as well as being a hypnotic. In a Cochrane review of ten randomised trials comparing melatonin with placebo, eight showed a clear benefit in reduced jet lag by taking melatonin (3). Using a jet lag scoring system (0 = none to 100 = extreme), five studies recorded a mean score of 48 for placebo and 25 for melatonin. The authors felt melatonin was remarkably effective and short-term use appeared to be safe. The dose regime recommended was 2–5 mg up to 4 days after arrival, with no evidence of benefit from pretreatment. There are no safety data for children or pregnant women, and melatonin should be avoided if taking oral anticoagulants such as warfarin, and in epileptics. From the cardiac pathophysiology aspect, melatonin has many potential benefits including the treatment of hypertension, ischaemic reperfusion injury, drug toxicity and cardiac hypertrophy (4). So next time you fly crossing fewer than three time zones should not be associated with significant jet lag. If you are away for 3 days or less try to stay on your home time zone (not easy with meetings scheduled at local times). Travelling more than three time zones, use light to promote body clock adjustment, and melatonin may help both the clock and sleep.


THE DILEMMA over how best to satisfy unlimited demand with limited resources is the core problem of health care funding, management and politics. Governments and health authorities have struggled with the conflict throughout history and dealt with it with varying degrees of sophistication and success. Current strategies in Australia predominantly involve limiting supply by limiting access, most commonly by limiting workforce, physical facilities, equipment, pharmaceuticals and operating funding, in any combination. Application of these strategies inevitably results in delays in service or non-provision of service for some. While such a pragmatic approach to the problem is effective for the purpose of financial control, it causes funding tensions and is a weak system for ensuring that the limited resources are used to best effect. Casemix funding is well established in Australia, but is primarily used in an attempt to equitably distribute available resources. Although it is touted as a system for funding output, it is a simplistic and inaccurate system based on weighted throughput of patients and makes no attempt to take into account the effectiveness of services provided.


The Iranian revolution of 1978-1979, which toppled the Pahlavi dynasty, came to fruition as a result of massive participation by diverse elements and groups in the social order. Similar to previous riots and uprisings in Iran, the locus of revolutionary activities centered in the country's towns and cities. The urban areas once again emerged as the focal points for demonstrations, riots, strikes, and other antiregime activities. Included among the participants in the revolution were large groups of urban dwellers who had migrated from Iran's villages and towns to its principal cities. The term urban migrants, then, encompasses a wide array of people with diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and political orientations. For the purposes of this paper, however, the term is used to refer to the urban poor who had migrated from the rural areas to Iran's dominant and largest urban center, the capital city of Tehran. The poor migrants' departure from the countryside was, for the most part, a result of the dislocation in Iranian agriculture in the wake of the


The electron paramagnetic resonances of CsCo x Mg 1- x Cl 3 ( x =0.2, 0.4 and 0.6) have been observed at 220, 370, 585, 693.6 and 762.2 GHz in pulsed magnetic fields from 4.2 to 50 K. Paired spin excitations of intrachain and interchain pairs have been observed. Both intrachain and interchain exchange interactions are determined and our results suggest that there are at least two kinds of interchain exchange interactions in this system. The detailed analysis and the comparison of exchange interactions with those obtained by other measurements for CsCoCl 3 are discussed.


We examined 1,270 elderly residents aged 60 years and over in a cross-sectional study of a standardized clinical examination to determine the frequency of 'abnormal' neurological findings in 27 randomly selected communities in the town of Mifune, Japan. The survey showed one or more neurological symptoms in 89.1%, and one or more signs in 94.4% of the examined elderly. Most of the symptoms and signs increased with age, especially after 70 years, indicating the importance of neurological afflictions in the community health of the elderly.


Approaches to working with school personnel to enlist their involvement and assistance in fluency assessment and treatment programs in their schools are described. An environmental approach to the ...


This paper concerns the problem on the fuzzy synchronization for a kind of disturbed memristive chaotic system. First, based on fuzzy theory, the fuzzy model for a memristive chaotic system is presented; next, based on H-infinity technique, a multidimensional fuzzy controller and a single-dimensional fuzzy controller are designed to realize the synchronization of master-slave chaotic systems with disturbances. Finally, some typical examples are included to illuminate the correctness of the given control method.


ABSTRACT The influence of addition sequence of Mg, La and Ca on the characteristics of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) were investigated. Results show that inclusions mainly consisted of La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O+MnS in the steel. There was no change to types of inclusions while the layered structure of inclusions was different under different alloy elements addition sequence. The number density of inclusions was the largest in case of Mg was added first, while the average size of inclusions was the smallest. The main type of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was oxide with MnS shell. The statistical results indicated that the proportion of effective inclusions in case of Mg addition first was the largest among the three samples, which induced more AF formation.


In transmission lines we come across different types of faults. Some are severe which LG faults (short circuit faults) are. These faults cause a great disturbance to the consumers. So there is a need to clear these type of disturbances. The technique used to correct these disturbances is using distance relays. By using these distance relays we can clear the disturbances under severe faults that occur. But the major disadvantage associated with this distance relay is during sub synchronous condition the relay may misoperate. In order to overcome this disadvantage here in this paper the shunt FACTS devices (SVC & STATCOM) are introduced which are connected in long transmission lines. These Shunt FACTS devices stabilize the system voltage and current under fault conditions. Here In order to give gate pulses to the thyristors present in these shunt FACTS devices, we use neural networks. By using these neural networks we can maintain the relay current stable under fault condition through which we can eliminate the sub synchronous condition.


The present invention is a novel method for the synthesis of 2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoic acid (I), and easy to operate, avoiding the use of hydrogen fluoride and anti-corrosion equipment, adapted to large-scale industrial production. (I) producing quinolonecarboxylic acids is an important intermediate for antibiotics, it can produce with ciprofloxacin. The main raw material (I) is an intermediate formed norfloxacin, so also in the production of norfloxacin ciprofloxacin production.


This article examines the various programmes that British television and radio broadcast to mark Holocaust Memorial Day, between 2002 and 2016. Adopting a content analytic methodology, I quantified the broadcast schedules of 15 successive Holocaust Memorial Days, as recorded in archived copies of the Radio Times. My analysis reveals significant variations in mass-mediated Holocaust commemoration. Principally, I found a decrease in programming, despite a significant increase in the number of television channels; a tendency towards 'anniversarism' in the form and frequency of broadcast programmes; a stress on Auschwitz, as metonym of the Holocaust, and on survivors, children and music; and that commercial channels were significantly more likely to broadcast documentaries (and repeats) than the BBC's more varied and original outputs. These variations appear to be the result of three interlinked factors: First, a sense that the audience had grown weary of World War II commemoration, following saturation broadcasting of anniversaries in 2004 to 2005; changes in the management and programming priorities of key broadcasters, particularly the BBC; and that Holocaust Memorial Day has not yet become an established day for broadcasters in the nation's commemorative calendar.


Cloud environments are being increasingly used for deploying and executing workflow composed from cloud services. In this paper, we propose a meta-model transformation for the specification and the execution of cloud service flexible workflows. To built workflow abstract models, the proposed approach uses a BPMN model for the specification of the cloud service workflow structure and the state-chart diagram for the specification of the cloud service workflow behavior. In addition, workflow models should be translated into BPEL4WS language which will be executed by the BPEL4WS engine, the latter is driven by the behavior described by the state-chart diagram. To fulfill, we define a set of meta-model transformations from the platform independent model (BPMN) to the platform specific model (BPEL4WS).


In studying the imaging quality of holographic lenses, many studies confine their scope to the examination of the third-order aberration theory and pay special attention to the possibility of coma correction. By a suitable choice of the recording geometry of the holo-lens it is possible to obtain aplanatic correction. However, the analysis of imaging quality based on numerical modeling of imaging which enables calculation of the aberration spot shape suggests that such correction does not necessarily give satisfactory results. Better imaging quality can be obtained for the other (nonaplanatic) holo-lens of the same spherical aberration and astigmatism, in spite of some non-zero coma. Further improvement can be achieved by slight compensation of coma obtained by curving of the holo-lens substrate and simultaneous correction of astigmatism following from the input pupil shift. The conclusions are confirmed by calculated aberration spots and incoherent transfer functions.


Ayurveda is a traditional medical practise that emphasises both preventive and therapeutic care for a person's health. The significance of taking care of the mother before, during, and after pregnancy is heavily emphasised. The reproductive cycle is very significant to a woman's existence. Every woman in the world has the most wonderful dream of being a mother. The most important and difficult time in a woman's life is during pregnancy. Numerous factors, including as eating habits, lifestyle choices, and psychological considerations, might have an impact on pregnancy. Throughout its intrauterine life, the foetus depends on its mother for both nutrition and development. The great Ayurvedic authorities described the Garbhopaghatakara Bhavas, or things to avoid during pregnancy, while describing Garbhini Paricharya. When present during pregnancy, Garbhopaghatakara Bhavas are such variables that have the potential to injure or destroy the foetus or its development. One of the saddest elements of pregnancy is a deformed living foetus. Due to carelessness or ignorance, all women in today's fast-paced society accidentally do some behaviours that are advised against during pregnancy, which can result in miscarriages, abortions, and other obstetrical issues. Here, an attempt has been made to examine the mother and offspring's Garbhopaghatakara Bhavas.


Vertebrates, overall, present a daily activity pattern when managing their needs, such as foraging, resting or searching for sexual partners. Most of the available information regarding the circadian rhythm in birds comes from controlled laboratory conditions, and little is known about these patterns in the wild. In this study we used camera traps to describe the daily activity patterns of three cracid species in the Pantanal of Rio Negro, Brazil. We had a sampling effort of 9,617 camera trap-days along 231 days (5,544 hours) from September 2013 to May 2014. This resulted in 4,833 independent records of cracids from a total of 7,713 individuals. Crax fasciolata was the species with the most records (nrec = 3,792) and individuals (nind = 5,781), followed by Ortalis canicollis (nrec = 934; nind = 1,758) and Aburria grayi (nrec = 107; nind = 174). None of the species was uniformly distributed throughout the day, thus evidencing a periodization of their activities. The mean vectors of the activity patterns of C. fasciolata, O. canicollis and A. grayi were, respectively, mμ = 10:36 ± 04:26 (SD), mμ = 11:42 ± 03:57 and mμ = 11:44 ± 03:47. We observed a temporal overlap between A. grayi and O. canicollis, whereas C. fasciolata significantly differed from them. Because of their large home ranges, cracids are important indicators of environmental quality, and, as frugivores, they play key roles in the ecological dynamics of forests. In this sense, and given that cracids are notably more susceptible to extinction, the knowledge on their circadian activity patterns may be useful when establishing effective management and conservation strategies.


Healthcare is a highly collaborative environment, where the active sharing of information is central to the care process. Due to the sensitive nature of medical information, care providers are responsible for protecting data, controlling the circumstances in which it is released to others. The publish/subscribe (pub/sub) communication paradigm is useful for data dissemination, as it allows parties to specify their interest in receiving particular information. However, general pub/sub implementation frameworks lack mechanisms to control the flow of data. This paper describes the details of a model to define and enforce fine-grained information sharing policies in an active notification environment. The model, built above a pub/sub middleware, allows policy definitions to control information flow by 1) specifying the conditions for data access, and 2) tailoring information to suit particular circumstances.


Three stages can be distinguished in the history of Christian music – the early Christian, medieval and modern, each of which, with a plurality of styles, genres and forms, has internal integrity and unity. The integrity of each historical type of sacred music is based on a common understanding of the sacred as a key category of religious art. The sacred in the early Christian liturgy appears as a unity of text, music and rite in the sacrament of the Eucharist as the pinnacle of religious communication, while music aimed at conveying religious emotions was not considered an autonomous, and therefore an aesthetic object. In the medieval liturgy, the sacrament of the Eucharist as the pinnacle of religious communication is inextricably linked with aesthetic categories: solemnity, prayerfulness, concentration of liturgical music, the exaltation of liturgical texts using exclusively archaic languages, become the main markers of the sacred. In Modern Period, Protestant theology rethinks the doctrine of church sacraments, which is reflected in the liturgical practice of other Christian denominations. As a result, the syncretic unity of text, music and ritual is lost in the sacred art of the Modern Period, which leads to a transformation of the relationship between its aesthetic and sacred components. This contributed to the formation of a multiplicity of forms of liturgical music in various Christian denominations, where the verbal (Protestant tradition) or the musical-aesthetic (Catholic and Orthodox traditions) component could be priorities. The autonomization of music in worship led to the emergence of non-liturgical, quasi-sacred music, which at a new historical stage actualizes medieval genres and forms, as well as meditation as the basis of musical dramaturgy, while refusing the key category of religious art – religious communication. The characterization of the historical stages of development of Christian music will allow the reader to understand both the internal mechanisms of its external transformation in the process of evolution, and to understand the reason for the diversity of its modern forms, including the appearance of those that have lost their direct connection with worship.


Polypyrrole (PPy) is a type of potential organic thermoelectric material that has attracted extensive attention in recent years. Its application is mainly limited by the relatively low intrinsic electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient, so it is necessary to find an effective way to improve the electrical transport properties of PPy. In this work, lamellar PPy doped with β-naphthalene sulfonic acid (β-NSA) was synthesized chemically using ferric chloride (FeCl3) as the oxidant, and the thermoelectric performance of β-NSA doped PPy was significantly enhanced. FTIR, XRD, Raman and FESEM analyses indicated that the presence of β-NSA and FeCl3 could effectively control the morphology of PPy to form a lamellar structure during the polymerization process, which improves the thermoelectric properties of PPy greatly. The highest thermoelectric figure of merit ZT, 0.62 × 10−3, was obtained with the molar ratio of monomer pyrrole (py) to β-NSA of 1.0 : 0.45 at 300 K, and was 10 times higher than that of pure PPy. Furthermore, the TGA, elastic modulus, Vickers hardness results showed that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of β-NSA doped PPy was better than that of pure PPy.


Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been blended with thermoplastic starch (TPS) which was prepared from corn starch with glycerol using twin-screw extruder. The mechanical, thermal and biodegradability of blends was examined. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies revealed that PCL/TPS blends are immiscible blend but the surface adhesion was very good. Biodegradability of blends increased with increasing TPS content.


Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex and heterogeneous disease that involves menstrual dysfunction and reproductive difficulty as well as metabolic problems. Therefore, it was proposed that insulin resistance is the pathophysiological basis for this syndrome. Insulin resistance, as a metabolic disorder linked to anovulation, should be studied in patients who meet with a gynecologist. For this purpose, simple methods to quantify insulin sensitivity are available, and we propose reasonable treatment with dietary or pharmaceutical measures to improve not only the metabolic changes but also clinical hyperandrogenism and fertility. J o u r na l o f D iabetes & Mabol i s m ISSN: 2155-6156 Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism Citation: Mendoza N (2012) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Insulin Resistance. J Diabetes Metab S2:005. doi:10.4172/2155-6156.S2-005


The purpose of this research is to provide basic data suggesting the direction of disabled taekwondo player's healthy leisure activity through...


Objective To study the phenomena of platelet aggregation in patients with EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP),and to reduce the rate of clinical misdiagnosis. Methods Use syemsx-5000 hematology analyzer to analyze EDTA-PTCP-positive patients' blood samples,count the platelet in blood samples anticoagulated with EDTA at different time points,test the same patients' blood samples anticoagulated with heparin and sodium citrate,and use the manual counting method. Results There were statistically significant differences between the results of counting platelets in blood samples anticoagulated with heparin and sodium citrate,and manual counting method and the results of counting platelets in blood samples anticoagulated with EDTA in 30min on a machine (t=13.24,t=14.36,t=14.22,P0.05). There were statistically significant differences between the results of counting platelets in blood samples anticoagulated with EDTA in 30min on a machine and the results of counting platelets in blood samples anticoagulated with EDTA within 10min on a machine (t=13.34,P0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the results of counting platelets in blood samples anticoagulated with heparin and sodium citrate,and manual counting method and the results of counting platelets in blood samples anticoagulated with EDTA within 10min on a machine (t=0.06,t=0.07,t=0.21,P0.05). Conclusions For EDTA-PTPC-positive patients,counting platelets in blood samples anticoagulated with EDTA in 30min on a machine is quite different from those anticoagulated with heparin and sodium citrate,and manual counting method. Manual counting method or blood smear method should be used in the patient with low value of platelets in the first detection in order to confirm the existence of the phenomenon of platelets aggregation induced by anticoagulants and to reduce the clinical misdiagnosis rate.


Objective To provide anatomical basis for the treatment of humeral supracondylar fracture of children with the anterior transposition of ulnar nerve.Methods 20 elbow specimens from 10 children cadaveric upper limbs(aged from 6 to 8) were used in this study.Anatomic features of ulnar nerve and its accompanying vessels,and ulnar groove were explored,while,anatomic position of the nerve after anterior transposition were analyzed.Results Ulnar nerve was supplied mainly by superior ulnar collteral artery,however,this nerve was nourished mainly by ulnar artery when it passed through the foream.Ulnar nerve was always accompanied by superior and inferior ulnar collteral arteries,and the posterior branch of ulnar recurrent artery during its course,which would not be interfered during the approach of anterior transposition of ulnar nerve.Transferred ulnar nerve located on the soft tissue bed,easy to be slided,and escaped from the drag injury caused by flexion movement of elbow joint.Conclusions Anterior transpostion of the ulnar nerve is favorable for blood supply of the nerve,and the slide movement.


Place makes a difference. This statement is highlighted in the Handbook of Theories of Aging (Gans, Putney, Bengtson, & Silverstein, 2009), whose editors write in the concluding article: "There appears to be a consensus across disciplines in gerontology that understanding the environment and the individual's place within it is crucial for understanding the aging process" (p. 732). The authors go on to state that "despite recognition of the importance of integrating personal and environmental factors in aging research . . . prior to today there have been few attempts to develop aging theory by integrating comparable concepts of individual and environment across disciplines" (p. 732). This is a surprising statement for anyone who is immersed in the field of environmental gerontology because research on aging and environment has existed as a significant line of inquiry within the wide array of gerontological research since the late 1960s. Gerontologists have recognized that although the inherent genetic and biological program drives the aging process of each organism, aging is equally dependent on the soicophysical environment in which the individual resides. Researchers have acknowledged the role of place in the aging process and the manner in which it affects aging as it unfolds and manifests itself in different contexts. Contrary to the above statement, various theories have been suggested since the inception of the field to address the complex interaction of elderly people with the environment on a range of scales from private homes to neighborhoods and complete cities (Scheidt & Windley, 1998; Wahl, 2001). However, "the in-depth understanding of person–environment processes and outcomes has so far not been achieved by one major theory; rather, a multitude of conceptual approaches that augment and build on each other in a pluralistic manner infuse the field" (Wahl & Gitlin, 2007, p. 497). Environmental gerontology strives to understand the continually changing interrelations between aging people and their sociophysical environment and how these relationships shape the human aging progression. The underlying assumption of the field is that as people age and their competencies decline, they become particularly vulnerable to features of their environments. As a result, place makes a difference in connection with individuals' sociocultural background, somatic and psychic health, and cognitive and


The electrical properties of polyester filled with ZnO, Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ or SiC have been investigated including electrical conduction, electrical tree growth and surge absorption. It was found that the J-V characteristics of the ZnO filled polyester are non-ohmic, exhibiting good insulation at low field and semi-conduction at high fields. The maximum safe current, the threshold strength and breakdown strength can be controlled by the concentration of ZnO. A sheet of ZnO filled polyester has been used as a barrier in polyester with point-plane electrodes. The tree growth is sensitive to the presence of the barrier; the tree growth time and breakdown time being significantly extended when barriers were used. The ZnO filled polyester also performed well as a surge absorber, successfully dissipating and absorbing transient currents, resulting from impulse voltage application.


Weeds in agricultural production is one of the most important factors affecting yield. They causes yield lose ranging from 25%  to 35%  by competing with cultivated plants  especially for nutrient, water, light and place. This data show the significance of weeds in agricultural areas. It is necessary to control the weeds to remove their harm. Principally the meaning of control is to know their biology. With this research the germination biology conditions (minimum, optimum and maximum germination temperature, germination period and germination rate) of some common weeds that are widespread in the agriculture in Turkey have been examined. According to the research results, minimum, optimum and maximum germination temperatures were 7-10 °C, 30-40 °C and 43-45 °C (no germination at 45 °C) for Amaranthus retroflexus L., respectively. These parameters for Chenopodium album L. were 0-2 °C, 15-25 °C and 40 °C; for Alhagi camelorum Fisch. (without fruit) they were 7-10 °C, 25-40 °C and 40-43 °C (no germination at 43 °C); for Galium aparine L. they were 0-2 °C, 5-25 °C and 25-30 °C ( no germination at 30 °C); for Taraxacum officinale Weber. they were 0-2 °C, 10-30 °C and 40 °C; for Heliotropium europaeum L. they were 20-35 °C, 40 °C and 40-43 °C (no germination at 43 °C); for Peganum harmala L. they were 7-10 °C, 20-30 °C and 43-45 °C. There was no germination in Alhagi camelorum Fisch. seeds at any temperatures.


Aims/Introduction:  Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARB) are regarded as first‐line treatment for type 2 diabetes with hypertension. However, lowering blood pressure to the target level often requires more than one antihypertensive agent as recommended by the guideline. In this open‐label, prospective, crossover clinical trial, we compared the effects of combination treatment of ARB with a calcium channel blocker (CCB) or with a low‐dose thiazide diuretic on blood pressure (BP) and various metabolic parameters in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes.


A partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism is dynamically coherent if its center, center-stable and center-unstable invariant distributions are integrable, i.e. tangent to foliations. Dynamical coherence is a key assumption in the theory of stable ergodicity. The main result: a partially hyperbolic diffeomorphism f\colon M\to M is dynamically coherent if the strong stable and unstable foliations are quasi-isometric in the universal cover \widetilde{M}, i.e. for any two points in the same leaf, the distance between them in \widetilde{M} is bounded from below by a linear function of the distance along the leaf.


ven when we restrict ourselves to considering only how effectively microcomputer packages teach standard music concepts and skills, we are still left with an enormous topic. Nevertheless, an approach that may hold promise for the typical teacher is to look at a piece of software and see that it before the emergence of the receives scrutiny similar to that microcomputer, institutions such as given any new textbook or teachthe University of Illinois and Staning device. We want to know which ford University were developing a concepts the program teaches and philosophy for the new concept of which behaviors it elicits so we can computer-assisted instruction observe progress being made (CAI). Among its principles was the toward selected skills and undernotion that teachers, or specialists standings We want to know who in various teaching areas, should can use this program effectively, control the content and design of which prerequisite tasks are asCAI materials. Also, CAI was in7r[ ^sumed, and which kinds of instructended to instruct and not just to :^ .B _ ^ <~ tional modes involve the student amuse, so CAI lessons should be


Objective: High concentrations of nitric oxide cause a neurotoxic effect on nerve action potentials. Although glucocorticoids can decrease that effect, the degree of mediation is not known. This study determined the effect of dexamethasone on frog sci atic nerve axon fibers subjected to in vitro oxidative stress. Methods: Frog sciatic nerves were isolated into Groups: -Control Group-incubation in Ringer's solution; SNP Group- incubation in 10-² M sodium nitroprusside solution; SNP+DEX Group-incubation in 10-² M sodium nitroprusside solution followed by incubation in 10-³ M dexamethasone solution; DEX group- incubation in 10-³ M dexamethasone solution. Results: In the SNP group, significant changes were observed in the action potential velocity of propagation (p<0.01), the action potential maximum amplitude (p<0.01), the slope of the emerging phase (p<0.01), and the area under the signal curve (p<0.05). Considering electrophysiological parameters, conduction velocity; maximum amplitude; and signal area values increased above normal by dexamethasone incubation after sodium nitroprusside exposure. In biochemical parameters, the group that received sodium nitroprusside increased the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration (p<0.001) and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p<0.01).


Tomato (S. lycopersicum) is an economically important vegetable food crop and threatened by TYLCV, a devastating pathogen throughout the world. In the present study, we analyzed differential gene expression in response to TYLCV-IL and TYLCV-Mld (Begomovirus, Geminiviridae) viral strains infection in the Ty-1 tomato hybrids (Esns1) and non-hybrid tomato (P1788) accessions. cDNA microarray hybridization was used to detect a group of genes that were differentially expressed in Esns1infected with TYLCV strains at 18 days post inoculation. The microarray analysis recognized significantly changed expression of different gene targets. Additional analysis confirmed that 43 genes were significantly up-regulated and 7 were down-regulated in the Esns1against compared to P1788 with TYLCV strains. Overall, major differences in gene expression were characterized by major physiological functions containing pathogen, defense, photosynthesis, cell wall or growth, metabolic, stress, biosynthetic and signaling-related responses. This is the first comparative genome-wide transcriptional study of the expression of Esns1plants depicting diverse responses to biotic stress induced by TYLCV-IL and TYLCV-Mld. Additionally, this study also provides sufficient knowledge into the identification of key defense-related genes in tomato for TYLCV disease management.


The corrosion behaviour of aluminium and6063 aluminium alloy was investigated in phosphoric acid of different concentrations at different temperatures. The study was done by electrochemical method, using Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The kinetic parameters and thermodynamic parameters were calculated using Arrhenius theory and transition state theory. The surface morphology was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The corrosion rate of both the materials increased with increase in the concentration of acid as well as with temperature. The rate of corrosion of 6063 aluminium alloy was found to be higher than that of pure aluminium. Suitable mechanism was proposed for the corrosion of aluminium and 6063 aluminium alloy in
phosphoric acid medium. The results obtained by Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were in good agreement with each other


In this contribution, we analyze list constructions as pre-established schemas in Quechua, Andean Spanish and peninsular Spanish, focusing on the role of their prosodic patterns. In a language contact scenario we consider routinization in form and function of theses units as a process of grammaticalization in a broad perspective. Our data suggests a strong entanglement of Andean Spanish syntactic patterns and the prosodic patterns from Quechua. This leads to new list construction types in this variety: one more pragmaticalized version, through the strengthening of the iconic function in the vocal lengthening of the second to last syllable of every list item; another one that follows a new subjectivization path through the development of aspects of negotiation of epistemic authority by the accentuation of the first syllables of the last word of every list item. In comparison to the subjectivization process that we find in peninsular Spanish lists constructions, these observations can be considered as processes of constructional change (Traugott/Trousdale 2013) that foster new grammaticalization paths for lists in Andean Spanish (in the sense of Traugott 2010).


This chapter reflects on the other chapters in the book with an emphasis on turmoil and flux in both higher education and business. Major concerns include self-preservation, resource management, and transformational purposes. Separately, the academy and for-profit realms are facing complex issues. Once involved in inter-organizational partnerships, maintenance of successful relationships is promoted through organizational learning, collaborative cognition, and ethics. Again, issues and viewpoints from each direction are summarized and discussed: a business perspective and the academy's perspective. With fewer than 50 years of attention in this area and minimal organized research, the need for more and deeper exploration and inquiry are paramount and outlined.


Manipur including the capital city of Imphal is facing the water crisis. The government is struggling hard to provide potable water. For instance, government is able to provide only 70 million litres per day (MLD) against the required 101.9 MLD. Quite contrary to the situation, a village in Imphal East District of Manipur namely Haraorou village avails uninterrupted supply of potable water through the plant located in the village. The said plant was inaugurated on 26 October 2013. It was implemented under the Accelerated Rural Drinking Water Supply programme which is now renamed as National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP).  The source of the water supply plant is the ground water. Besides, reforestation of the hill range, the villager water and sanitation committee in consultation with the PHED develop an artificial recharge structure to make the source sustainable. By virtue of it, villagers were availed with potable water through the public hydrant as well as domestic connections at a reasonable cost of Rs 40 per household for public hydrant and Rs 150 for domestic connection. The water tax remains unchanged so far. The water supply plant is now a model for rural water supply scheme in Manipur and a number of visitors are increasing everyday to learn about the plant and to see the feasibility of replicating it. The most recent visitors are the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Rural Development, comprising 20 Member of Parliament and five officers. This paper tries to examine the model cited herein and also tries to understand why it could not be replicated in other villages including its immediate neighbouring village in Manipur.


Due to the position-dependent nature of electrostatic forces, many microelectromechanical (MEM) oscillators inherently feature parametric excitation. This work considers the nonlinear response of one such oscillator, which is electrostatically actuated via non-interdigitated comb drives. Unlike other parametricallyexcited systems, which feature only linear parametric excitation in their equation of motion, the oscillator in question here exhibits parametric excitation in both its linear and nonlinear terms. This complication proves to significantly enrich the system's dynamics. Amongst the interesting consequences is the fact that the system's nonlinear response proves to be qualitatively dependent on the system's excitation amplitude. This paper includes an introduction to the equation of motion of interest, a brief, yet systematic, analysis of the equation's nonlinear response, and experimental evidence of the predicted behavior as measured from an actual MEM oscillator. ∗Please address all correspondence to this author. †Currently at Hewlett-Packard Research Labs, Palo Alto, CA INTRODUCTION The emergence of practical uses for electrostaticallyactuated microelectromechanical (MEM) oscillators coupled with the inherent existence of parametric excitation (due to the position-dependent nature of electrostatic forces) in many such devices, has led the authors, amongst others, to consider both the modeling and response of systems involving generalized forms of parametric excitation and its associated resonances [1–7]. In this paper the response of a simple model of a representative parametrically-excited MEM oscillator is considered. Unlike most parametrically-excited systems, which feature only linear parametric excitation, the system of interest features parametric excitation in both the linear and nonlinear terms of its equation of motion. This simple, yet fundamental, difference proves to have a dramatic effect on the system's dynamics [1, 8]. In particular, it can be shown that such systems fail to feature a single effective nonlinearity which characterizes the nonlinear behavior of the system. Rather, such systems exhibit branchspecific nonlinearities which, when collectively analyzed, yield the system characteristics. One result of this complication is that 1 Copyright c © 2005 by ASME such systems can exhibit not only typical softening or hardening behavior, but also mixed behavior which corresponds to the nontrivial response branches bending toward or away from one another near resonance [1, 8]. In addition, it can be shown that the qualitative nature of their nonlinear frequency response depends on the amplitude of excitation. This paper begins with a brief introduction to the equation of motion of interest and a summary of the analytical procedure used to reach the results summarized in this work. The relevant nonlinear behavior is discussed in the context of the motivating example, a parametrically-excited MEM oscillator, and experimental evidence of the predicted behavior is presented. The paper then concludes with some closing remarks and an outline of ongoing and future work. It should be noted that, where relevant, issues pertaining to the practical design of MEM oscillators are included. The full details of this work can be found in [8]. THE EQUATION OF MOTION AND PERTURBATION ANALYSIS As mentioned above, the equation of motion examined in this work was originally formulated by the authors to model a parametrically-excited MEM oscillator. It is worth noting, however, that such equations naturally arise in other problems as well, including the analysis of parametrically-excited columns fabricated from nonlinear elastic materials [9, 10] and Paul trap mass spectrometers [11]. Accordingly, the principal motivation for this study is treated only as an example here. The equation of motion of interest in this work is of the form z′′+2εζz′+ z(1+ εν1 + ελ1 cosΩτ)+ εz3 (γ3 +λ3 cosΩτ) = 0, (1) where ε represents a 'small' scaling parameter introduced solely for the sake of analysis and prime designates the derivative with respect to τ [1, 5, 7, 8]. In order to simplify the analysis of Eq. (1), it is convenient to employ standard perturbation techniques, in this case, the method of averaging. To assist with this approach, a standard coordinate transformation is first introduced which transforms the equation into amplitude and phase coordinates: z(τ) = a(τ)cos ( Ωτ 2 +ψ(τ) ) , (2) z′(τ) =−a(τ) 2 sin ( Ωτ 2 +ψ(τ) ) . (3) In addition, since near resonant behavior is of primary interest, a detuning parameter σ is introduced, which is defined with respect to the principal parametric resonance condition, namely,


The mechanism of the radical-chain decomposition of persulfate in an aqueous medium in the presence of organic compounds was analyzed in an inert atmosphere. It was found that with variation in the substrate or persulfate concentration over wide limits, there is a regular change in the partial orders of the reaction: The reaction order with respect to persulfate varies from 3/2 to 1, and that with respect to the substrate from 0 to 1.


: Preprocessor directives are usually omitted from the analysis of C/C++ software, yet they play an important role especially in program transformations. Here a method is presented for refactoring preprocessor constructs at the model level. Refactorings are carried out on program models derived from a reverse engineering process of real-life software. We present a metamodel of preprocessing on which a graph transformation approach is used to elaborate refactorings. The method is presented through the elaboration of the add parameter refactoring both at schematic and concrete level. Safe transformations are assured by visual control and validated by the evaluation of OCL expressions. The usability of the idea is validated by successful experiments.


Solid-state NMR has emerged as a potent technique in structural biology, suitable for the study of fibrillar, micro-crystalline, and membrane proteins. Recent developments in fast-magic-angle-spinning and proton-detected methods have enabled detailed insights into structure and dynamics, but molecular-weight limitations for the asymmetric part of target proteins have remained at ~30-40 kDa. Here we employ solid-state NMR for atom-specific characterization of the 72 kDa (asymmetric unit) microcrystalline protein tryptophan synthase, an important target in pharmacology and biotechnology, chemical-shift assignments of which we obtain via higher-dimensionality, 4D and 5D solid-state NMR experiments. The assignments for the first time provide comprehensive data for assessment of side chain chemical properties involved in the catalytic turnover, and, in conjunction with first-principles calculations, precise determination of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters is demonstrated for the essential acid-base catalytic residue βK87. The insights provided by this study expand by nearly a factor of two the size limitations widely accepted for NMR today, demonstrating the applicability of solid-state NMR to systems that have been thought to be out of reach due to their complexity.


The singularity of strain field at crack tip is analyzed by finite element method. The singularity deviates from HRR singularity to γ-(0.5∼0.7) (γ: distance from crack tip) with increasing plastic deformation. The reasons why low-cycle fatigue law is expressed by ΔePNfα=C as pointed out by Coffin and Manson and why the exponent αranges from 0.5 to 0.7 for various materials are explained by considering that fatigue life is mostly occupied by the crack propagation process and that the singularity of strain field at crack tip under overall plastic deformation is γ-(0.5∼0.7) regardless of materials. The material properties which influence the value of C in ΔePNfα=C are also discussed.


Tone River is a shallow, tidal estuary with a controllable upstream freshwater discharge via a barrage. The mixing characteristics in the benthic and interfacial regions of the Tone River estuary were investigated during a time window of maximum freshwater discharge and high shear, using temperature and velocity microstructure measurements. Although the production of turbulent kinetic energy from mean shear was high throughout the water column, the intermittency of both up- and down-gradient buoyancy fluxes resulted in negligible net down-gradient mixing. These opposing fluxes were incorporated into a turbulent closure scheme by using the concept of percentage down-gradient flux. A comparison of vertical diffusivity from two alternative closures suggests that the stratification imposed a length scale limitation on the vertical turbulent excursions that proved crucial for the transition region between the benthic and interfacial regions; it is argued that a Richardson-number based closure is both conceptually and practically adequate to represent the effect of length-scale limitation and percentage down-gradient flux.


Objective To determine the influence of the earthquake rescue on the acute psychological stress state of surgery staffs and investigate the associated factors.Method SRQ-20 and TCSQ were distributed to 37 relieving surgical staffs and 43 surgical staffs(the control group)in aftershock zone after tow weeks of Wenchuan earthquake.The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance,correlation analysis and the multiple stepwise regression analysis.Result Occupation had a more effect than gender.The total score of SRQ-20 revealed significantly negative correlation with the score of negative coping factor.Age occupation and the total score of negative coping factor can predict the acute psychological stress state.Conclusion Reliving surgical staffs,especially nurses,had more intensive acute stress reaction.Those who was elder of adopted negative coping strategy had more intensive acute stress reaction.It is essential to publicize psychological knowledge in order to make surgical staffs(especially surgical nurses)decrease adopting negative coping.We should improve personnel administration to protect mental health of surgical staffs.


Radical trachelectomy is an established method of fertility sparing in female patients with early stage cervical cancer. This paper aims to review the series of obstetric and reproductive challenges that may arise following trachelectomy. Additionally, the article emphasized the pregnancy rates achieved after radical abdominal trachelectomy, as presented in studies conducted worldwide, since patients who undergo trachelectomy usually need assisted reproductive technologies to conceive and the pregnancy have a higher risk of preterm birth therefore, the patients should be monitored carefuly by a multidisciplinary team composed of obstetricians, neonatologists and oncologists. Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer affecting women of reproductive age. In women of reproductive age, cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer diagnosed, however nowdays, women diagnosed in early stage who want to conceive children have the opportunity to do so due to the minimum invasive, fertility-sparing procedure such as trachelectomy.


The value of the human capital as well as sociocultural specificities considered by the Russian venture company and Institute of national projects to be an important factors of technological development of the society and individual innovation activity. Despite existing demand for people creative, tolerant to uncertainty and able to be productive in the hard and unstable VUCA-world, there are problematic tendency in crisis to reject creative potential in favor of more pragmatic or hedonistic lifestyle. In the context of development of creative life path, it's important to study high school student's attitude towards creative person. The purpose of this research is to identify peculiarities of the role identification and tolerance towards different types of creative people among high school students. The sample consisted of 66 high school students from Chelyabinsk city. For the research purpose we used «Role Relations between Social Subjects and Creative Personalities» (RRSSCP) methodology, developed by Gryazeva-Dobshinskaya V.G., Bakunchik N.Y., Glukhova V.A., Maltseva A.S., based on Kelly's Repertory Grid Technique. Results calculated through method of factor analysis.Following peculiarities of high school student's tolerance towards creative person were identified: high level of tolerance towards the role of «Creator» in organizational structure and towards those creative people, who either show leadership potential or already hold high-status positions; identification of own self with creative persons with low levels of intolerance.The analyzed data shows necessity of development of vocational guidance programs and trainings, focused on development of attractive images of creative person with differential life strategies.


Abstract. Objective: In order to meet the requirements of large-scale testing in China, the TGMD-2 (Test of Gross Motor Development) was used to screen the simplifying indicators so as to test the gross motor development of preschoolers more accurately, conveniently and efficiently in the future. Methods: A total of 140 children aged 3-6 years (mean 4.8 ± 0.92 years old) from a Beijing kindergarten were selected as participants in the present research. TGMD-2 was used to test and score their gross motor development levels. Firstly, multivariate variance was used to analyse the effects of age and gender. Then, the Pearson coefficient, discrimination D and difficulty coefficient L were used for secondary screening. Finally, the stepwise regression was used to get the optimal equation, and then the reserved data (obtained from testing another 150 children) were substituted to predict the total score. The consistency test was conducted with the actual score to verify the effectiveness of the indicators. Results: Hop was selected as the primary motor indicator, and the equation to predict the total score of TGMD-2 was "TGMD-2 total score = 43.634 + 3.250* Hop score". Conclusion: The simplifying indicator screened in this study is Hop, which has moderate difficulty and good differentiation, can better predict the total score and can be used for a wide range of tests in China.


microRNAs(miRNAs) are a group of evolutionally conserved single chain non-coding RNA molecules of 17-25 nucleotides in length regulating targeted gene expression post-transcriptionally.miRNAs are involved in the regulation of physiological processes including cell differentiation,proliferation,apoptosis and metabolism,and some of them may function as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes,which are implicated in the genesis and progress of cancer. Now miRNAs are expected to be used as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis,prognosis assessment and targeted treatment of esophageal carcinoma.This article reviewed the characteristics of miRNAs and the progress in the study of miRNAs in esophageal carcinoma.


In some circumstances, the mass accretion rate Ṁ* onto a compact star may depend not only on external boundary conditions but also on the radius R* of the accreting star. Writing the dependence as Ṁ* ∝ R, we estimate p for transient binary systems in a quiescent state. We use the observed luminosities L of binary accreting white dwarfs (R* ~ 109 cm) and neutron stars (R* ~ 106 cm) under similar quiescent conditions and estimate Ṁ* in each system through the relation L ≈ GM*Ṁ*/R*, where M* is the mass of the star. From the limited data available, we infer that p ~ 0.9 ± 0.5 for quiescent binaries. This radial dependence is consistent with radiatively inefficient accretion flows that either are convective or lose mass via a wind.


Culinary tourism as part of a tourism strategy for a locale has received growing support. Though the literature seems to support a connection between tourism and gastronomy, little is known about its value in traditional gastronomic regions versus nontraditional locales. To explore these differences, this study uses case study methods to evaluate culinary tourism in Lyon and the Rhône-Alpes region. The findings have important implications on culinary tourism strategy development and implementation, particularly for tourism product life cycle issues.


Статья посвящена результатам изучения отзывов пользователей о ГПНТБ СО РАН в интернете.The article is devoted to the results of studying of user reviews in the internet about the Siberian Branch of the State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences.


We prove undecidability and pinpoint the place in the arithmetical hierarchy for commutative action logic, that is, the equational theory of commutative residuated Kleene lattices (action lattices), and infinitary commutative action logic, the equational theory of *-continuous action lattices. Namely, we prove that the former is Σ1-complete and the latter is Π1-complete. Thus, the situation is the same as in the more well-studied non-commutative case. The methods used, however, are different: we encode infinite and circular computations of counter (Minsky) machines. 1 Action Lattices and Their Theories The concept of action lattice, introduced by Pratt [19] and Kozen [7], combines several algebraic structures: a partially ordered monoid with residuals ("multiplicative structure"), a lattice ("additive structure") sharing the same partial order, and Kleene star. (Pratt introduced the notion of action algebra, which bears only a semi-lattice structure with join, but not meet. Action lattices are due to Kozen.) Definition. An action lattice is a structure 〈A; , ·,0,1,⊸, ,∨,∧, 〉, where: 1. is a partial order on A; 2. 0 is the smallest element for , that is, 0 a for any a ∈ A; 3. 〈A; ·,1〉 is a monoid; 4. ⊸ and ⊸ are residuals of the product (·) w.r.t. , that is: b a ⊸ c ⇐⇒ a · b c ⇐⇒ a c b; 5. 〈A; ,∨,∧〉 is a lattice; 6. for each a ∈ A, a = min {b | 1 b and a · b b}.


International maritime strategic thoroughfare is the fortress of the strategy of the world.From economic view,it is the corridor and pivot of international trade;from military view,it`s simultaneous an easy place for defense and offence.Based on geopolitics of international maritime strategic thoroughfare,this article is focusing on traditional and non-traditional threats to security.Then we intend to point out that international cooperation is the only way to protect the security of international maritime strategic thoroughfare.On the premise of peaceful development,we need more international conventions and system perfection.We also look for diverse methods for a good cooperation platform in order to achieve mutual confidence,make more cooperation,and promote the effectiveness of combating maritime terrorism.


A plasma fluid model is being developed for the simulation of a direct current plasma discharge simulation including the sheath regions. The code uses a second order centered finite difference scheme and time integration is done by strong stability preserving third order Runge-Kutta method. The separation of scalar and vectorial quantities in two different grids gives stable results. After validation by comparison with theoretical ion sheath profiles, a one dimensional direct current argon discharge was simulated and compared to 1D3v particle-in-cell simulation results. It is shown that the inclusion of a non constant ion temperature profile is mandatory in fluid models in order to recover correct increase of ion velocity in sheaths and thus to simulate direct current (DC) discharges where collisions are not negligible in the sheaths.


A proper theoretical analysis implies that with high probability, the RCT returns a proper query lead to time that will depend very competitively on the way of measuring the intrinsic dimensionality from the data set. Objects are selected based on their ranks with regards to the query object, allowing much tighter control around the overall execution costs. This paper introduces an information structure for k-NN search, the Rank Cover Tree (RCT), whose pruning tests depend exclusively around the comparison of similarity values other qualities from the underlying space, like the triangular inequality, aren't employed. Additionally they reveal that the RCT is capable of doing meeting or exceeding the amount of performance of condition-of-the-art techniques that utilize metric pruning or any other selection tests involving statistical constraints on distance values. The experimental recent results for the RCT reveal that non-metric pruning techniques for similarity search could be practical even if your representational dimension from the information is very high. Experimental evidence indicating that for practical k-NN search applications, our rank-based technique is very as good as approaches which make explicit utilization of similarity constraints.