In this paper we propose a new local discontinuous Galerkin method to directly solve Hamilton-Jacobi equations. The scheme is a natural extension of the monotone scheme. For the linear case, the method is equivalent to the discontinuous Galerkin method for conservation laws. Thus, stability and error analysis are obtained under the framework of conservation laws. For both convex and nonconvex Hamiltonian, optimal (k+1)-th order of accuracy for smooth solutions are obtained with piecewise k-th order polynomial approximations. The scheme is numerically tested on a variety of one and two dimensional problems. The method works well to capture sharp corners (discontinuous derivatives) and converges to the viscosity solution. AMS subject classification: 35Q53


Objective To develop a rat corneal contact lens basing on simulation design and observe its primary effect for intravitreal injection.Methods The experiment was divided into 2 parts.Part 1:After the ocular physical parameters being measured,an adult SD rat eyeball model was designed by UG software.Then,the corresponding corneal contact lens model was designed by Light Tools software and manufactured.Part 2:Twenty healthy adult SD rats treating intravitreal injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMMSC) were randomly divided into 2 groups,the new corneal contact lens was used in group A(10 rats,10 eyes) and traditional methods of coverslip flattening the cornea in group B(10 rats,10 eyes).The experimental effect,complication and cost time were recorded and compared.All the operations were performed by the same person.Designed corneal contact lens was used in group A,and traditional cover glass was used to press cornea for completing operation in group B.Clear level of fundus image was recorded,the complete time and complications were compared between the two groups.Results The physical parameter of simulation-designed rat eyeball was similar to the results from foreign research works and the plastic contact lens was suit for all animals in this experiment.With the help of the new designed corneal contact lens,the posterior capsule of lens,vitreous and retina in rats were distinct and intravitreal injection was quickly achieved through two-hands assistance,the whole operation time cost(192.50±22.51)s in group A,whereas,the fundus images were not stable and the intravitreous injection was performed by single hand in group B,the operation time consumed(446.90±41.11)s.There was a significant difference(t=-17.17,P0.01),and the time saved 254.40 s in group A.In additional,no complication occurred in group A,but 2 cases of lens injury occurred in group B,although there was no statistical difference(P=0.273).Conclusions The corneal contact lens designed by UG 7.5 and Light Tools 7.0 simulation software is simple and quickly to observe the fundus image,most importantly,it can realize the two-hands operation and obviously improve the efficiency of animal experiments.


An inverse linear transversal equaliser algorithm (ILTE) which uses a non-iterative channel estimation and equalisation strategy is presented. It is shown to be more efficient in terms of computational load requirements as compared to the least mean squares (LMS) or recursive least squares (RLS) approaches or the linear solution using direct matrix inversion or solutions employing matrix decomposition algorithms such as Cholesky decomposition. The computational load of the ILTE approach is shown to be less than 1% that required when the taps are derived using iterative techniques such as LMS or RLS and of less than 5% that required when using direct matrix inversion to solve the equalisation linear equation problem. The significance of the results is seen when the technique is applied in distributed ad-hoc type digital radio networks where a channel has to be estimated and equalised on a packet-by-packet basis without buffering the received packets. Examples of equalisation of typical minimum and non-minimum phase three-ray channels using the technique are presented and show a good error rate performance with the PI/4 DQPSK detector. The ILTE method, which is based on inverse filter modelling, is compared with linear solution based on Cholesky decomposition and shown to perform much better in both minimum and non-minimum phase channels.


Abstract Objectives: The relationship of older adults with their adult children involves great emotional complexity and the quality of these relationships is associated with older adults' well-being. This qualitative study aims to examine how older adults conceptualize intergenerational relationships with adult children. Methods: The present study on qualitative data collected from in-depth interviews was conducted with English and Portuguese older adults living in the community, designed to address their perspectives on intergenerational relations with adult children. 316 older adults participated in our study. The mean age of this group was 71.2 years. 65.3% were women, and a majority (54.7%) had a partner. Results: Content analysis generated four themes: affection and integration; satisfaction in the relationship; privacy and boundaries; financial support. Conclusions: Intergenerational relationships are experienced by older adults with ambivalence and and stress the contradictory expectations of older adults with grandchildren.


Review of environmental risks associated with the use of tetracycline. Micro-contamination with tetracycline has both medical risks associated with the manifestation of antibiotic resistance in bacterial communities, and environmental risks associated with changes in the transformation of substances in ecosystems and the impact on biodiversity by inhibiting certain species of plants, animals and microorganisms.Micro-contamination with tetracycline antibiotics entails a number of environmental risks. Due to the widespread use, the spread of tetracycline antibiotics in the environment has a global scale. The effect of tetracycline is observed in many objects. The spread of tetracycline is promoted by veterinary use, both directly and as a result of the use of animal waste as fertilizers for agricultural crops and pastures. As a result of the study, the following possible environmental consequences of micro-contamination of the environment with tetracycline were identified:1. Disruption of the work of bacteria included in the bacterial complex of activated sludge at sewage treatment plants using this technology, as well as during composting and affecting the processes of denitrification;2. Impacts on soil microbial communities by suppressing a number of processes of substance biodegradation and changing the biodiversity of microorganisms;3. The risks of micro-contamination of plant communities with tetracycline coming from organic fertilizers are associated with the inhibition of a number of root nutrition processes, species-specific for different crops;4. Microcontamination of marine communities with tetracycline is primarily associated with the impact on producers - algae and cyanobacteria, inhibiting their growth. And secondly, to the subsequent food chains by bioaccumulation in the tissues of vertebrates;5. The toxic effect of small doses of tetracycline from the soil on certain invertebrate species has been shown.


The paper introduces the teaching exploration and reform measures in the process of the construction of "software foundation", which is a exquisite course of Zhejiang University City College, including the experience of team construction, teaching methods, teaching means, reform of teaching mode and construction of teaching material and website, etc.


: The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology has brought a series of challenges to the intellectual property system. In terms of the subject system, granting AI subject status will impact on the system centred on natural persons. In terms of the object system, AI creations are caught in the dilemma of identifying the objects of intellectual property protection and innovative standards. In terms of the content of rights, granting intellectual property protection to AI creations will face difficulties in the protection of personal rights, the duration of rights and the limitation of rights. In this regard, China's intellectual property system should be changed to expand the scope of the subject matter, improve the criteria for determining innovativeness, and improve the system for the content of rights, with a view to balancing the interests of all parties and promoting the development of artificial intelligence.


Sweden have faced decreasing groundwater storage with critical low groundwater levels for several years. Gotland is one example with issues of providing freshwater due to the low groundwater levels ...


To evaluate mortality among patients referred for suspected vestibular disorder and to examine whether specific symptoms or disorders predict long‐term survival among patients with dizziness or vertigo.


This paper presents an intelligent smart kitchen platform based on blockchain systems that are suited for intelligent kitchens. Different from traditional kitchen management systems that are deployed in single places in a duplicated way, the novel platform divides the related characters into distinct roles, namely, the data side, supply side, demand side, and platform side. This paper uses SSD multi-task learning algorithm to solve the problem that traditional plans usually need to train and deploy the model several times. This paper stores the data in BaaS and divides the data operation rules into different scenarios with different BaaS endorsement strategies according to the business process. With a combination with the k-anonymity mechanism, a smart kitchen platform solution that balances security, privacy, and efficiency is achieved. Business statistics give feedback that by implementing such a platform, users can save costs on buying heavy computers, instead, only thin clients are needed. So real-scene deployment and operation show that the proposed platform is quite environmental-friendly and effective.


Garnet-humite-hornblende schist is discovered in ophiolite suite in the Garze-Litang suture zone by 1:50,000 regional geological survey in the Litang and Cogsum quadrangles. The schist is characterized by plastic deformation and metamorphism.This discovery gives a new evidence for oceanic crustal property of the Garze-Litang suture zone.


A near vacuum low thermal desalination system was studied which evaporates freshwater from saline water at very low grade temperatures. The low pressure is achieved naturally in the head space of water columns of a height equal to the local barometric head. This paper presents the energy, exergy and emergy analyses of this process to evaluate thermodynamic and resource utilization efficiencies and identify the process elements that cause major exergy destruction and that help maximize resource utilization (emergy). For energy and exergy analysis, three different heat sources were considered. They are namely direct solar (SSV), photovoltaic energy (SSPV) and a low grade thermal energy source (SSL) were considered. Exergy analysis showed that most of exergy is destroyed in the condenser where the latent heat of the water vapor to produce freshwater is lost to the environment. The overall exergy efficiencies were 0.04%, 0.051%, and 0.78% respectively for SSV, SSP, and SSL configurations. Emergy analysis was performed on the three different configurations to assess resource utilization efficiencies, environmental impacts, and sustainability. The emergy analysis considered five factors such as renewable and nonrenewable energy input to the desalination process, process benefits to consumers, and capital and operating costs of different configurations. The emergy indices derived in this study indicated that the configuration utilizing thermal energy from low grade thermal energy source (such as a solar water heater) was found to be the most promising sustainable technology. Findings from this analysis suggest that more efforts should be dedicated to the configuration powered by low grade solar thermal energy source via a water heater and further refining the process components to function under multiple effects. OPEN ACCESS


This paper presents a developed design of a 3×4 circular polarization microstrip antenna patch array whose its resonance frequency is 2.45 GHz in the ISM band. This array is printed on a FR4 substrate of 1.58 mm thickness with a dielectric permittivity of 4.4. The basic antenna patch is a square shape inserted by a rectangular slot inclined positioned diagonally at the center to achieve circular polarization. In addition, a triangular-shaped slit is added at each of the four corners of the patch. The antenna array performance is tested numerically using two different software packages, CST MWS and HFSS. The antenna's array size is compacted to a 22.7 cm×13.5 cm. The simulated results give good performance results in terms of return loss and gain; directivity is found to be 9.66 dBi at 2.45 GHz; the axial ratio value is 1.69 dB; and total efficiency is about 95.55% at 2.45 GHz. Then, the simulated results obtained by these two programs are in good agreement, which makes this proposed array design very suitable for radio frequency energy harvesting and its various applications to power supply different devices in a clean way for our environment.


By adopting wireless communication techniques, such as SMS, GPRS etc, make mobile phone and computer contact with the Police General Information Net, by which we can look up the information of the resident population, the vehicle, the driver, the theft vehicle and the escaped people. Meanwhile, we can input the peccancy information about the driver. The Non-IP safe connection techniques can connect with the Police information net, the bank net, mobile net and internet. By the means of XML techniques, it can exchange the data between the interior net and exterior net at all times. The system has been successfully applied in Zhengzhou police, this techniques is really pioneer in domestic.


Through the analysis of problems and deficiencies of shipborne missile fire control system accuracy test,the method of appraisal of fire control system accuracy and performance is presented by using simulation technique in the range test.Based on the content and intent of accuracy test,a series of simulation models are founded.To improve the credibility of qualification test,models are validated and contrasted with the outfield test result.


Meander type antennas are shorter than conventional resonant straight-wire ones and when printed on dielectric substrates with a ground backing have the advantages of low-profile, small size, and increased directivity. Previously a moment method formulation was used to compute the characteristics of a printed meander antenna. In that formulation an infinite substrate and a bent wire printed on that substrate were assumed. In this paper an accurate characterization of planar printed meander antennas is presented. The FDTD is used because of its efficiency and flexibility in solving the complex heterogeneous geometry of the antenna. In our model the antenna consists of a bent metal strip printed on a dielectric substrate of finite extent.


The foundation of the Welsh National School of Medicine as a constituent college of the University of Wales might justly be regarded as somewhat belated when seen against the background of a medical tradition that stretches back to the beginnings of recorded Welsh history. This article provides brief biographical t sketches of some of the medical practitioners with Welsh connections who contributed to medicine or to science, though they did not necessarily practise within the Principality. As the subject is historical, the names of the former counties of Wales and Monmouthshire have been retained.


The transient natural convection flow through a fluid-saturated porous medium in a square enclosure with a partially cooling surface condition was investigated using Brinkmann-extended Darcy model. Physical problem consists of a rectangular cavity filled with porous medium. The cavity is insulated except the top wall that is partially exposed to an outside ambient. The exposed surface allows convective transport through the porous medium, generating a thermal stratification and flow circulations. The formulation of differential equations is nondimensionalized and then solved numerically under appropriate initial and boundary conditions using the finite difference method. The finite difference equations handling the convection boundary condition of the open top surface are derived for cooling condition. In addition to the negative density gradient in the direction of gravitation, a lateral temperature gradient in the region close to the top wall induces the buoyancy force under an unstable condition. The two-dimensional flow is characterized mainly by the clockwise and anti-clockwise symmetrical vortices driven by the effect of buoyancy. The directions of vortex rotation generated under the cooling condition are in the opposite direction as compared to the heating condition. Unsteady effects of associated parameters were examined. The modified Nusselt number (Nu) is systematically derived. This newly developed form of Nu captures the heat transfer behaviors reasonably accurately. It was found that the heat transfer coefficient, Rayleigh number, Darcy number as well as flow direction strongly influenced characteristics of flow and heat transfer mechanisms.


This is the fifth in a series of legal articles pertaining to Alzheimer's disease. Copies of previous articles are available upon request from the editor. They are as follows: Alzheimer's disease: The legal issues-an outline ofimportant considerations Vol. 1, No. 2 Spring 1986 Intervivos asset management Vol. 1, No. 3 Summer 1986 Legal issues: Health care and management of the Alzheimer's patient Vol. 1, No. 4, Fall 1986 Lifetime estate andflnancial planning Vol. 2, No. 3 May/June 1987


Twenty-four germfree and sixteen conventional mice of the ND-2 strain were given 700 rads whole-body irradiation and the pattern of radiation induced bone marrow damage was studied. The decrease in...


Textbook wisdom says that competition yields lower prices and higher consumer surplus than monopoly. We show in two versions of a simple location-product differentiation model with and without endogenous choice of products that these two results have to be qualified. In both models, more than half of the reasonable parameter values lead to higher prices with duopoly than with monopoly. If the product characteristics are exogenous to the firms, consumers may even be be better off with monopoly in average.


Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the moderating effects of residents' demographic attributes on the relationship between perceptions of hotels' social responsibility (HSR) practices and overall attitude toward tourism.

Design/methodology/approach
Perceptions of HSR were examined via social, economic and environmental dimensions. The research model was investigated with structural equation modeling and multigroup analyses.

Findings
The findings show that residents' perceptions of HSR had a positive impact on their attitude toward tourism and that their demographic attributes had a moderating effect on this relationship.

Originality/value
Although there have been many papers on stakeholders' returns to corporate social responsibility practices implemented by hotels, residents' returns to these practices are insufficiently investigated. Moreover, to the best of the authors' knowledge, there is no research on the moderating effect of residents' demographic attributes on the relationship between perceived social responsibility and overall attitude toward tourism.


The basis of this project is to make clothing tags using an appropriate font with a braille touch that is specially designed with complete clothing details and a guide to wearing clothes. The purpose of this study is to overcome the challenges of buying and wearing clothing. This study was conducted with an interview method that focuses on the target age range 25 to 35 years in the area of Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur.


For many industrial applications, the assumption of isotropic friction is unrealistic because of directional surface machining and finishing operations. For orthotropic frictional contact, Michalowski and Mroz pointed out the non-associated nature of the sliding rule. In the present work, their law is derived from a single non-differentiable function, called a bi-potential. On this ground, the time-integration of the contact law takes the form of a predictor/corrector scheme addressing all cases (sticking, sliding, no-contact) thanks to a projection onto the friction cone. 3D numerical applications show the strong influence of the slip rule.


We study dynamical behaviors of a system composed of two elastically coupled blocks on a moving rough plate both analytically and numerically. The system exhibits a rich variety of behaviors including chaos because of the nonlinearity involved in the friction. The behaviors are reminiscent of irregular motions observed in an earthquake fault model composed of many blocks, which suggests that some of the characteristics in the fault model originate in the nonlinearity of a dynamical system with a few degrees of freedom.


At the era of digital technologies the main points of journalist profession have change a lot. It is closely connected with an appearance of new processes of producing, using and spreading of the information. The article is about time challenge and journalists resistance to it. Author proves that the Internet does not deprive journalists of their advantages-high professional skills in collecting, systematizing and analyzing of the information. Journalist's activity should be based on the model of close cooperation with audience. The author of the article notices that French journalism reforms very slowly. Representatives of this profession should become an example of the high quality information.


significant phenomenon that these women seem to suffer comparatively little abuse and violence (136–138) is only discussed very briefly (the author does take this theme up in other publications), while the story of a fight between seamen a few pages later (147–150) receives twice the space. Even HIV/AIDS is only really discussed through the lens of risk management, as a virus rather than a societal problem. The lack of a nuanced interpretation of these women's lives and decision making, one that goes beyond the rules of the game, is illustrated by passages which seemingly reduce the decision to enter the profession to the experience of getting easy money from their first client (190), or which assume that older sex workers failed to get out because they "seem to lack the imagination or skills necessary for leaving the business" (194). Conscious of the wealth of fascinating ethnographic material that the author collected, this reviewer was mostly struck by the missed opportunities. This work could have been much more than a book about the game, but Trotter seems unwilling to look beyond the nightclubs. It presumably is not easy to write about a charged topic like prostitution, but there are some shining examples of how to discuss transactional sex while doing justice to the complexity of these women's lives. Strikingly, he does not refer to Mark Hunter's excellent work on the intimate connections between political economy, gender, and sexuality, or to Luise White's The Comforts of Home (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). These authors make connections between the wider political economic context and transactional sex (whether it is prostitution or the exchange of resources between boyfriends and girlfriends) central to their analysis. In Sugar Girls & Seamen, on the other hand, we only see glimpses of this context, which are consistently underexplored. It is telling that Trotter discusses prostitution in the context of a dockside game, where White treats it as labour. Of course, the author wants to reach the general reader, as opposed to Hunter or White. Accessibility is a laudable goal, but this bookmakes onewonder towhat endwewant to reach a wider audience. Its readers may have been entertained, but one would like to think that it is possible to reach an interested audience without reducing sex workers, who undoubtedly have very complex and remarkable lives, to players of a sexual game and vehicles for juicy stories. If we cannot do that, these workers may simply provide one more form of amusement for the readers. Surely, that is not the purpose of reaching a bigger audience.


It is well known that the majority of the potential profits are early in a products life. This is especially true in product segments such as system on a chip, graphics accelerators, microprocessors, and memory. The spoils in these segments go the company who gets its product to market first. At the same time, the investments required to produce the next generation products is going up at an accelerated pace. As a result, companies are sharing the investment by working with more third party suppliers. Today, a chip will be designed with 3rd party EDA tools and using commercial IP. It is often manufactured in commercial foundries, and tested and assembled a separate company. When the product is not meeting yield and performance, how are the issues resolved? Eventually, these yield issues are resolved, but often not before the profitable part of the product's life-style is complete. In this presentation we describe new methodologies, tools and services, which can help, turn designs into products. We will summarize the key technical issues, which make performance and yield targets difficult to meet given the product's life-style constraints and demonstrate how these new methodologies can greatly change the production ramp. Examples of these methods applied to advanced products such as microprocessors, embedded DRAM, and system on a chip, and DRAM will be provided.


The DEX gene encoding an extracellular dextranase was isolated from the genomic DNA library of Penicillium minioluteum by hybridization using the dextranase cDNA as a probe. Comparison of the gene and cDNA sequences revealed that the DEX gene does not contain introns. Amino acid sequences comparison of P. minioluteum dextranase with other reported dextranases reveals a significant homology (29% identity) with a dextranase from Arthrobacter sp. CB‐8. The DEX gene fragment encoding a mature protein of 574 amino acids was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris by using the SUC2 gene signal sequence from Saccharomyces cerevisiae under control of the alcohol oxidase‐1 (AOX1) promoter. Over 3·2g/l of enzymatically active dextranase was secreted into the medium after induction by methanol. The yeast product was indistinguishable from the native enzyme in specific activity and the N‐terminus of both proteins were identical.


Alan S Adams explains why building trust among patients (both current and prospective) is important and shares a number of core strategies that can be employed to not only develop that initial trust, but maintain it in the long term to ensure continued and sustainable success for you and those who put their faith in you


The aim of this study was to analyze the modifications of temporal parameters during slipping-like perturbations associated both with aging and perturbation intensities. Twelve participants equally distributed from two age groups (elderly and young) were recorded while, during steady locomotion, managing unexpected slipping-like perturbations, in forward direction, at different intensity and amplitude of foot shift. Two metrics were extrapolated from the analysis of the ground reaction force supplied by ad hoc platform aimed at destabilizing the balance control.


. Detailed knowledge on the formation of new aerosol particles in the atmosphere from precursor gases, and their subsequent growth, commonly known as new particle formation (NPF) events, is one of the largest challenges in atmospheric aerosol science.


The design of modern steam turbines for power plant applications is steering towards higher efficiencies. A considerable contribution to this aim is expected from a reduction of flow losses in turbine intakes and exhausts. The present study therefore deals with the optimisation of the exhaust of a high-pressure (HP) turbine. In the first part of this study a numerical model is presented which allows for a precise representation of the exhaust flow. This computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model has been validated with a fair amount of experimental data from a test rig. For the second part of the study comprehensive numerical investigations have been carried out, considering the major geometrical parameters of such a geometry. In order to minimize the effort in design time and preprocessing a fully parametric 3D model of the geometry is created to prepare the different design variations. The results of these simulations allow to assess the performance differences of given exhaust designs in the early design phase without the need for expensive CFD simulations. Finally a potential for improvement of 300 kW for a 800 MW power plant is shown by means of a comparison of an optimised design to the baseline geometry.


The influence of water on dielectric properties of a mica-glass fiber/epoxy composite has been studied with Thermally Stimulated Currents (TSC) in the temperature range [-130/spl deg/C,+30/spl deg/C]. Global spectra were recorded for hydrated and dehydrated states of the same sample. In the hydrated sample, two relaxation modes at 0/spl deg/C and -35/spl deg/C (/spl beta/) were observed. The 0/spl deg/C mode has been ascribed to the relaxation of free water molecules trapped into clusters. The /spl beta/ mode is found in the dehydrated sample global spectrum. In the two cases, a compensation phenomenon in the same temperature range is observed. Water acts like an antiplasticizer for this mode.


BACKGROUND: Monomers and polymers carrying pendent electro-active fragments are widely studied due to their application in various optoelectronic devices. Monomers containing triphenylamino, triphenyldiamino and carbazol-9-yl fragments with vinyl, epoxy or acryl functional groups are mostly used. The synthesized materials are used for preparation of hole transport layers as well as host materials for electrophosphorescent light-emitting diodes. Much fewer presentations are reported on the preparation of monomers containing other electro-active or functional groups.

RESULTS: Here we describe oxetane monomers and their oligomers containing various electro-active pendent groups. The weight-average molecular weights of the oligomers are in the range 1420–3250 g mol−1 with a molecular weight distribution of 1.7–4.1. The electron photoemission spectra of amorphous layers of the compounds established ionization potentials of 5.55–5.85 eV. Room temperature hole drift mobility in the layers of some oligomers exceeds 10−7 cm2 V−1 s−1 at high electric fields.

CONCLUSION: The synthesized oligomers exhibit promising thermal and film-forming properties. Amorphous layers of some of the materials demonstrate suitable ionization potentials and sufficient hole transport properties for their application in optoelectronic devices. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry


Relevance. The need to improve medical and psychological support for cadets of higher military educational institutions in order to reduce disease incidence and subsequent dismissal of military professionals for health reasons. Intention. To identify personality-associated predictors of stress-induced somatic diseases in cadets.Methodology. 433 male cadets aged 21-24 years in their 5-6th year of training were examined. We used the D. Keirsey personality questionnaire and the Giessen personality inventory. Somatic morbidity was analyzed based on the results of annual medical examinations and correlated with the International classification of diseases, injuries and behavioral disorders, 10th revision (ICD-10).Results and Discussion. The growth of somatic morbidity of cadets in the course of training was established. Diseases of the digestive system (K00–K93 according to ICD-10) were most common, their percentage increased from 0 % in the first year to 7.3 % in the 5-6th years of training. Diseases of the circulatory system (I00–I99) and diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (L00–L99) increased up to 2.7 %. Personality characteristics of cadets have been studied. Typological and psychosocial personality characteristics associated with the risk of health disorders in the learning process were identified.Conclusion. Typological and psychosocial personality traits can be predictors of stress-induced somatic diseases in cadets in the course of training. Vulnerability to cardiovascular diseases is closer associated with typological personality traits, to skin diseases – with psychosocial traits, and diseases of the digestive system correlated with both typological and psychosocial personality traits.


Objective—We have previously shown an increased expression of complement 3 (C3) in the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)–salt hypertensive model. This study aims to examine the role and underlying mechanism of C3 in PVAT for understanding the pathogenesis of hypertensive vascular remodeling further. Approach and Results—The role of C3 in macrophage polarization was investigated using peritoneal macrophages from wild-type and C3-deficient (C3KO) mice because we found that C3 was primarily expressed in macrophages in PVAT of blood vessels from DOCA-salt mice, and results showed a decreased expression of M1 phenotypic marker in contrast to an increased level of M2 marker in the C3KO macrophages. Bone marrow transplantation studies further showed in vivo that DOCA-salt recipient mice had fewer M1 but more M2 macrophages in PVAT when the donor bone marrows were from C3KO compared with those from wild-type mice. Of note, this macrophage polarization shift was accompani...


We calculate the optimal solutions of the fully heterogeneous Von Neumann expansion problem with N processes and P goods in the limit N → ∞. This model provides an elementary description of the growth of a production economy in the long run. The system turns from a contracting to an expanding phase as N increases beyond P. The solution is characterized by a universal behaviour, independent of the parameters of the disorder statistics. Associating technological innovation with an increase of N, we find that while such an increase has a large positive impact on long term growth when N << P, its effect on technologically advanced economies (N >> P) is very weak.


Dear Editor, We read the paper "Severe scoliosis associated with the WNT10A mutation" with great interest but feel compelled to disagree with the authors' conclusions about genotype– phenotype correlation.1 The authors described a patient with progressive scoliosis, severe osteoporosis, asymmetrical skull geometry, brachygnathia, and clinodactyly. He also had ectodermal anomalies with hypotrichosis and hypohidrosis, as well as vascular pathology with mild carotid artery stenosis and cutaneous cherry angiomas. Furthermore, he had multiple seborrheic keratoses and a basal cell carcinoma on his nose. The phenotype is clearly complex but the authors concluded that the skeletal disorders (including the scoliosis), and perhaps the vascular pathologies and basal cell carcinoma, might all be consequent to a germline heterozygous missense mutation they detected in WNT10A, p.Ser292Gly (c.874A>G; NM_025216.2),1 having excluded other potential variants in EDA1, EDAR, and EDARADD, which collectively comprise the four genes most commonly implicated in ectodermal dysplasia syndromes.2– 4 At the time of publication of this case in 2015, accessible databases on genomic variation in the general population were limited, and the authors reached their conclusion about likely pathogenicity of their WNT10A variant based on exclusion of its presence in 200 normal alleles, and by predicted abnormalities determined using in vitro protein modeling, perhaps all reasonable assumptions at the time. According to current gnomAD data (gnomad.broad insti tute. org), however, the p.Ser292Gly variant is seen in 38 of 183 346 alleles with an allele frequency of 0.0002073 (rs767665930). Moreover, this variant is reported exclusively in East Asian individuals, with an allele frequency of 0.002935. Thus, current data indicate that p.Ser292Gly in WNT10A is merely a nonpathogenic polymorphism which does not provide an explanation for the phenotypic abnormalities reported in the patient.1 The phenotypic consequences of WNT10A variants are protean and it is plausible that heterozygosity for p.Ser292Gly might be associated with minor ectodermal anomalies, but a recent comprehensive review of WNT10A mutations and phenotypes failed to document other examples of such profound developmental, ectodermal, or syndromic abnormalities resulting from a single heterozygous missense mutation in WNT10A.5 From the list of features described by the authors, we suggest that perhaps only the hypotrichosis and reduced sweating might be linked to the WNT10A pathology. Heterozygous WNT10A mutations may result in ectodermal derivative impairment,2– 4 and minor hair, tooth, and nail anomalies might therefore be associated with p.Ser292Gly. We note the authors mentioned misaligned teeth and we would recommend a more detailed dental examination in this patient. It is possible that the patient may have dental anomalies such as mild microdontia, short roots, or taurodontism, which might have been overlooked. Moreover, panoramic radiography is recommended to detect minor dental anomalies that may escape clinical assessment. At present, we do not find the evidence for this single heterozygous variant in WNT10A being responsible for the bony, vascular, or cutaneous lesions at all convincing. If the authors believe that single gene variants are truly the cause of the phenotype in their patient, then wholeexome sequencing would seem to be a more definitive means of establishing the true underlying molecular pathology.


Mark deWolfe Howe's classic, The Garden and the Wilderness: Religion and Government in American Constitutional History, was published in 1965. Notwithstanding the many subsequent judicial and scholarly developments in First Amendment religion clause jurisprudence, this slim volume remains among the best efforts to consider seriously the interrelated histories of law and religion in the United States. Beautifully written and economical in its expression, Howe's book is often cited but less often carefully read. Unlike many who write about the religion clauses, Howe understood the deeply contingent nature of the dependence of religion and law one upon the other.


Corresponding Author: Van der Heul TM – e-mail – email@example.com This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 10 Re:-Antibiofilm activity of Streptomyces toxytricini Fz94 against Candida albicans by Sheir and Hafez (2017)


Dates form an important product of Qatari agriculture and further constitute an icon of the identity and heritage of the Arab world. Along many Arab countries, Qatar is engaging active research into studying the biology of dates with the view of improving the quality of the fruit both for commercial reasons as well as impact on the human health. As part of a major initiative of date biology research project at WCMC-Q, we aim to deploy metabolomics techniques to discover the molecular basis for the phenotypic diversity in date subtypes. In addition to natural variation, we also explore the effect of environment on date metabolome. To this end, we collected 63 samples that are both phenotypically and geographically diverse; including countries such as Qatar, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Mauritania, Egypt, Israel, Pakistan, Djibouti, Iraq, United Arab Emirates and Oman. Metabolomics data for these samples were obtained from two independent platforms. Combining data from both sources has the advantage of reduci...


The economic burden of diabetes is driven by the management of vascular complications. Sodium–glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have demonstrated reductions in cardiovascular and renal complications, including hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) and renal disease progression, in randomized clinical trials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of the SGLT2i class versus standard of care in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using evidence from both clinical trial and real‐world studies.


Cotton is a crop of prosperity having a profound influence on men and matter. Cotton is one of the most important commercial crops and popularly known as the "White Gold". It is an industrial commodity of worldwide importance. India has been the traditional home of cotton and cotton textiles. It occupies the place of pride in Indian agriculture and economy by earning valuable foreign exchange. Four out of the 50 recognized cotton species in the world are cultivated. In India, all the four cultivated cotton species viz., Gossypium arboreum, G. herbaceum, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense are grown on a commercial scale. Genetic variability is pre-requisite for plant breeders to exercise selection. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were estimated using genotypic and phenotypic variances respectively. The coefficient of variation indicated only the extent of existing variability for various traits, but does not give any information about the heritable portion of it. Therefore, heritability accompanied by International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 11 (2017) pp. 104-111 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


The 3‐dimensional structure of inorganic pyrophosphatase from Thermus thermophilus (T‐PPase) has been determined by X‐ray diffraction at 2.0 Å resolution and refined to R = 15.3%. The structure consists of an antiparallel closed β‐sheet and 2 α‐helices and resembles that of the yeast enzyme in spite of the large difference in size (174 and 286 residues, respectively), little sequence similarity beyond the active center (about 20%), and different oligomeric organization (hexameric and dimeric, respectively). The similarity of the polypeptide folding in the 2 PPases provides a very strong argument in favor of an evolutionary relationship between the yeast and bacterial enzymes. The same Greek‐key topology of the 5‐stranded β‐barrel was found in the OB‐fold proteins, the bacteriophage gene‐5 DNA‐binding protein, toxic‐shock syndrome toxin‐1, and the major cold‐shock protein of Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, all known nucleotide‐binding sites in these proteins are located on the same side of the β‐barrel as the active center in T‐PPase. Analysis of the active center of T‐PPase revealed 17 residues of potential functional importance, 16 of which are strictly conserved in all sequences of soluble PPases. Their possible role in the catalytic mechanism is discussed on the basis of the present crystal structure and with respect to site‐directed mutagenesis studies on the Escherichia coli enzyme. The observed oligomeric organization of T‐PPase allows us to suggest a possible mechanism for the allosteric regulation of hexameric PPases.


Magnetic materials exhibiting giant magnetostriction, such as Terfenol, are currently widely used in fine positioning and active vibration damping devices. Obviously, using accurate magnetostriction simulation models during the various design stages of those devices can positively contribute to the enhancement of their precision. This paper presents an efficient approach, based on fuzzy inference systems, for modeling magnetostrictive media. More precisely, the proposed approach offers a computationally low-cost methodology to model interdependencies of strain and flux density on applied stress and magnetic field. The paper gives details of the modeling methodology and its experimental testing.


Computer Engineering, AIT, Pune. --------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract—In the present scenario, digital data generation, data consumption becoming necessary due to advancement in technology. The business process are taking advantage of the available data. The human data processing becoming important in various types of applications like person authentication, verifications automatically by the machines. One of the application is to identify the person automatically by the machine.


A method for integer ambiguity resolution in the global positioning system (GPS) multi-reference station network real time kinematic (RTK) is proposed. First, the barycenter of the triangle of reference stations for ambiguity resolution is taken as a reference point. The satellite which has the largest elevation angle with the reference point is selected as a reference satellite. The parameters for constructing the weight matrix of carrier phase observation and the criteria for checking the correctness of integer ambiguity resolution of a network are obtained. Then, the wide ambiguity is calculated by a linear combination method of dual-band observation. And the L1 ambiguity is obtained by a non-ionosphere combination method. The Kalman filter is introduced to refine the floating-point solution of ambiguity and estimate the real-time tropospheric delay. Finally, the cofactor matrix of ambiguity is de-correlated by Z-transformation to reduce the searching space of the integer ambiguity solution and improve the efficiency of the least-squares ambiguity decorrelation adjustment (LAMBDA) algorithm. The experimental results show that this method can reliably obtain the integer ambiguity solution among multi-reference stations with 40 epochs.


Hybrid powertrain for motor vehicles, comprising an internal combustion engine (4), an electric motor (6), a high voltage source (8), a separating clutch (10), an automated transmission (12), and at least one control device (18), wherein the internal combustion engine (4) having a motor shaft (20) connected to a first coupling element (22) of the separating clutch (10) and wherein a second coupling element (24) of the separating clutch (10) to a transmission input shaft (26) of the automatic transmission (12) is connected, is such that the internal combustion engine (4) and the electric motor (6) directly together or separately and / or indirectly to the transmission input shaft (26) act, and wherein a rotor of the electric motor in a rotationally fixed to the transmission input shaft (26), wherein the automated transmission ( 12) is designed as a dual clutch transmission having a first gear clutch (28) and a second gear clutch (30).


The national museums of both the United States and Canada marked the new millennium by opening exhibitions that rethink the ways that Native North Americans have been represented for more than a century. The National Museum of the American Indian's (NMAI) new exhibits invite comparison with the First Peoples Hall opened at the Canadian Museum of Civilization (CMC) in 2003 both because of their similarities and their differences.1 On the one hand, their shared features evidence the transnational impact of postcolonial critiques of the museum that began in the 1980s. On the other hand, their differences suggest the ways in which such critiques have been


Introduction: The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) ranks surgical wound infection among the most common hospital infections, which, as a result, can prolong the hospitalization time, requires additional surgical interventions, treatments and intensive therapy, or even increases mortality. Implementation of epidemiological monitoring reduces the incidence rate of surgical wound infections, and monitoring the incidence rate enables assessment of the quality of medical care. After increasing importance of verification levels of quality of medical care, the University Clinical Centre Department of Paediatric Surgery decided for the project of systematic prospective monitoring of surgical wound infections in children. Methods: A quantitative research method was used with a prospective and retrospective data analysis for certain interventions. The research project was divided into several phases. The research sample included children at the Department of Paediatric Surgery for planned and emergency surgical interventions. The children were monitored for 30 days after the intervention (in the case of an implant for 90 days). The goal of the research was to establish clinical practice of monitoring surgical wound infections in children, and the introduction of appropriate preventive measures for reducing the incidence of surgical wound infections. Results: In two months, 74 surgical interventions were analysed. Analyse showed a 4.05 % incidence of surgical wound infection. In all cases it was superficial incisional surgical wound infection. Discussion: Prevention of surgical wound infections is becoming an important part of the national health strategies in many developed countries. Expert knowledge teaches us, that a significant part of healthcare-related infections can be prevented, often by following simple rules. With the project of prospective monitoring of surgical wound infection, we first of all want to define the incidence of surgical wound infection after various surgical interventions in children, to recognize risk factors for the occurrence of surgical wound infection and introduce appropriate preventive measures to reduce the incidence of surgical wound infection.


This paper is the literature bibliography on computer graphics in China in 2001. Graphics engineering is an inter-subject on studying graphical theory, graphical techniques and graphical application. Its research content covers almost all aspects of the human life, including industry, visualization, education, entertainment, et al. In the early beginning of 1990's, some new graphics techniques are derived from traditional computer graphics, they are virtual reality, visualization, physical based simulation. Based on the current status of the research on graphics engineering as well as the distribution of related publications in China, we began this literature overview work from 1996, we collected and classified most of important papers in computer graphics field in every year,selecting 290 references from 11 important Chinese journals published in 2001 and classified these references into different categories according to their contents. We hope that the paper could provide readers with a general and up-to-date overview of graphics engineering in China.


Water recycling systems implies the initial treatment requirements for various water reuse schemes including unit process descriptions, performance and cost data. Several volumes of text are required for adequate coverage of the above subject and this paper will only attempt to highlight important areas, provide guidelines and give needed direction. Cost functions of one important U.S. Research/ Demonstration Facility (Water Factory 21) are given in more detail. Much of the data has been summarized from four important publications shown below and the reader seeking additional information is encouraged to examine these in detail.
 1. Water Reuse and Recycling - Volume 2 - Evaluation of Treactment Technology , 1979, U.S. Office of Water Research & Technology (OWRT). Report by Culp/Wesner/Culp Engineers, NTIS #PB 80-131469. 2. Guidelines for Water Reuse , August 1980, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report by Camp Dresser & McKee Engineers, NTIS #PB 81-105017. 3. Evaluation of, Membrane. Processes and Their Role in Wastewater Reclamation , 1981. OWRT sponsored report by Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, California, USA. 4. Municipal Wastewater Reuse News . OWRT sponsored monthly newsletter by AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, Colorado, USA.


The article is devoted to topical issues differentiation of criminal and administrative responsibility for unlawful access to computer information in view of recent changes in legislation.


This paper describes the use of the method of selective, weighted morphological research by dividing by inventics submorphologies to analyze the equipment for biocompost production. The selective morphological research method was used to find the optimal constructive solution which is then developed in the research, design and testing of an innovative piece of equipment. Using Bellman's principle and the method of morphological analysis, the known constructive solutions will be studied, their weighting will be achieved by dividing by submorphologies and the Bellman diagram will be constructed to determine the weighting coefficient of the optimal solution.


Bachelor thesis "Business Information Systems" focuses on the selection of the enterprise information system for small a businesses. This issue is addressed in the practical part of thesis. The theoretical part focuses on general characteristics of enterprise information systems, as well as on the proces before implementing the new system and what kind of methods are used to select system. The thesis describes the importance of small businesses, their characteristics and provides information on enterprise information systems in the Czech market.


The utility model provides a wireless iron device, comprising an electric iron (1) and a bracket (2). The utility model is characterized in that the upper part of the rear end of the electric iron (1) is connected with a plug socket box (4) whose lower part is provided with a connecting column (3) whose inner end is connected with an electric heater in the electric iron (1) through a conducting wire; the tail part of the bracket (2) is provided with a socket body box (5) which can be connected with the connecting column (3) on the plug socket box (4) on the rear end of the electric iron (1), and the socket body box (5) is connected to a power supply through a power wire. The utility model has the advantages of convenient operation, safety, etc.


The present study was ca period on adrenal, pituita Pregnant rats were treate from day 1 to 20 of pregna were no differences in dat of relative organ weights otherwise an increase of fi a lot of histopathological fi that, the octylphenol whi gland, thyroid + parathyro


A major educational program for sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS is being offered to Aboriginal health workers to provide them with the knowledge and skill to prevent STD and AIDS in their own settlements. Three videos in different dialects explaining the disease, the treatment and prevention are produced along with pamphlets using words and pictures explaining how the virus damages the white cells thus breaking down the body's defence system.


Electronic structure,density of states and complex dielectric function of wurtzite ZnO were investigated using a plane-wave ultrasoft pseudopotential technique based on the density functional theory(DFT).The calculated results were in agreement with the others values.The relationship was theoretically analyzed,showing that wurtzite ZnO possesses significant optical anisotropy in polarization direction,(100) and(001),rendering a theoretical basis for future application of wurtzite ZnO.


Accumulation of contextual data offers new opportunities to improve the preventative health and wellbeing interventions. In this paper, we discuss the importance of understanding the context elements of Behavior Change Support Systems (BCSSs) and present an Event model illustrating the Use, User and Technology Context factors of the Persuasion Context. The model is a conceptual tool for identifying potential meaningful context factors and serves as basis for future research activities.


This paper discusses a design of intelligent controller with time delay for Internet-based remote control. The finite Markovian process is adopted to model the input delay of the overall control system. It is assumed that the zero and hold devices are used for control input. The Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy system with uncertain input delay is utilized to represent nonlinear plant. The continuous-time T-S fuzzy system with the Markovian input delay is discretized for easy handling delay, accordingly, the discretized T-S fuzzy system is represented by a discrete-time T-S fuzzy system with jumping parameters. The robust stochastic stabilizibility of the jump T-S fuzzy system is derived and formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). An experimental results is provided to visualize the feasibility of the proposed method.


The great insight of federalism is that different levels of government have different competencies, and that wisely allocating responsibilities to those different levels of government can work significant benefits in terms of both citizen satisfaction and governmental efficiency. Federalism's great question, then, is not how to protect the states but how to create the conditions necessary to promote wise allocation decisions. At bottom, federalism is about the institutional choice, about deciding what level of government gets to decide what issues. But the debate over judicial enforcement of federalism is also about institutional choice – about who gets to make federalism's allocation decisions. This article critically examines the Supreme Court's efforts, in cases like United States v. Lopez, New York v. United States, and Printz v. United States, to become a player in the contemporary federalism debate. The article takes the position that few if any normative disputes about the desirable allocation of governmental power ought to be resolved by the courts. Indeed, the contemporary search for a judicially enforceable federalism has been not only irrelevant but also potentially counterproductive to the important and complex task of rationally allocating authority among national, state, and local governments.


The paper presents the results of radioecological examinations in the area of the Semipalatinsk testing site. The studies included measurements of gamma-emitting radionuclides (137Cs, 40K, 238 232 U, Th) at the surface of ground as well as in samples of soil up to the depth of 20 cm with the aim of evaluation of 238Pu, 239Pu, 240Pu, 90Sr activities. Another task consisted in analysing of forms of technologically originated long-lived radionuclides in the Semipalatinsk testing site soils and their comparison with the global fallout.


Particle size distribution is an important powder characteristic as it directly influences the powder properties and, therefore, the final powder material. For powder materials manufactured by hot ...


The in-water Light Behind Camera (LIBEC) technique permits order-of-magnitude increases in the area photographed by suspending the camera beneath the zone of range-limiting backscattered light. Mapping the sea floor with strips of overlapping LIBEC photographs obtained from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is shown to be valuable for: (a) showing relationships between major surface faunal populations and sediment characteristics (b) resolving features of relief intermediate in size (1 to 50 meters) between those revealed by conventional photography and those portrayed by narrow-beam sonar (c) producing improved-quality photomosaics (d) providing unambiguous navigational ties at track crossings


Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous units. Objective: To assess the presentation of acne vulgaris and to evaluate the efficacy of oral isotretinoin therapy, Materials and method: This was a retrospective chart review of patients presenting to the dermatology private clinic in Almansoora, Aden, over a 2-year period, who complained of acne vulgaris and were treated with oral isotretinoin. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS version 17. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The total study patients were 86 (68.6% females and 31.4% males). The mean age of patients was 25.6 ± 7.9 years. The difference between means related to sex shows statistically significant (p = 0.006). The patients of the age group 20 years were predominant with (70.9%). The most common side effects were cheilitis (54.7%) followed by dry-skin (12.8%), acne flaring (9.3%), hair loss (7.0%) and the lowest side effect was increased liver enzyme in (1.2%) patients. Papulonodular of acne vulgaris is the most common severity type (36.1%) followed by comedones, papules, pustules (32.5%). Comedones, papules, pustules are more common in the age group < 20 years of age (24.4%) while papulonodular are more common in the age group 20 years with (33.7%). The difference between values of severity types of acne vulgaris related to age groups is statistically highly significant (p = 0.000). Complete clearance occurred in (80.2%) patients followed by partial clearance. Partial clearance was found in (16.3%) patients, most of them treated within 16 weeks (12.8%). The difference between values of therapy response of patients in relation to therapy duration is statistically highly significant (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The results of our study show that isotretinoin is a safe and effective therapy for acne vulgaris with few side effects. Key words: Efficacy, isotretinoin, treatment, acne vulgaris, Aden


Small water storage dams are nowadays regarded as the ideal solution for the water-thirsty islands of the Greek Archipelago. Several of these dams have been already constructed and more are planned for the near future. However, dams can also create problems to coastal areas, particularly to the beaches found at the lower reaches of the dammed rivers. The present contribution reports the results of a study undertaken on the effects of such a dam located at Eressos, Lesbos (E. Mediterranean), using both morphological and sedimentological information and a GIS-based sediment erosion model. The results showed that Eressos Beach is currently under erosion, which however is spatially variable. The spatial variability of the beach erosion can only partly be explained by the patterns of longshore sediment transport, suggesting also a negative sedimentary balance. The results of the sediment erosion model showed that the dam retains more than half of the sediment produced in the basin, irrespective of the scenario used. Thus, it is likely that the effects of the dam on the downstream beach are already apparent.


Background: Occasionally the disease severity of CML, nay progress at an accelerated rate and the blast phase could be associated with a worse prognosis and a higher mortality rate. Exosomes are nanosized lipid vesicles with the ability to regulate various intra and extracellular mechanisms through transferring their content including proteins, RNAs, miRNAs and DNAs to the tumor microenvironment.
Methods: In this study, we aimed to review exosomes structure and biogenesis as well as different exosome sources like CML cells, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), and immune cells. Moreover, the effects of secreted exosomes on CML disease such as their impact on bone marrow niche, drug resistance, leukemic cells growth and CML disease progression is briefly described here.
Results: Since exosomes play extensive roles in the regulation of niche altered by cancer, they can be very valuable in the clinic and in investigating the causes of resistance to treatment. Therefore, one of the therapeutic strategies that can be useful in the recovery process of this group of relapsed patients are exosomes.
Conclusion: In order to prevent disease advancement to accelerated and blast phases, further investigations and clinical trials are required to identify the exact function of exosomes. Therefore, exploring the content of these exosomes and optimizing their application for disease treatment, is needed to prevent disease progression and drug resistance.


The automotive radiator is an important part for automotive engines regarding its direct influence on the thermal performance of the engine. This paper presents a theoretical parametrical sensitivity analysis of an automotive radiator based on the effectiveness-NTU method. In this manner, the paper firstly focuses on the influence of operating conditions of both the water and air including inlet temperatures and Reynolds numbers on the radiator effectiveness, heat transfer rate, and the pressure drop. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the radiator responses versus these operating conditions is provided. Given the obtained results, it is concludingly reported that the radiator effectiveness correlates significantly to the water Reynolds number and the water inlet temperature rather than its correlation to the air Reynolds number and air inlet temperature. While the heat transfer rate correlates strongly to the inlet temperatures of the water and air, respectively, while the heat transfer rate weakly responded to the Reynolds numbers of the water and air. On the third hand, the water pressure drop presented higher sensitivity change at lower water temperatures.


Neutral proteinases such as elastase and cathepsin G are liberated from secretory granules of PMN leukocytes in the course of diseases like septicemia, acute myelocytic leukemia or emphysema. Despite the presence of a high antiproteinase potential (α1-antitrypsin, α2-macroglobulin, anti-thrombin III, α2-antiplasmin, α1-antichymotrypsin) in plasma these proteinases are able to degrade clotting and other plasma factors unspecifically thus contributing to severe coagulation disorders. Evidence is presented that the plasma inhibitors (antithrombin III, α2-anti- plasmin and α1-antichymotrypsin) which are not able to inhibit granulocytic elastase, are rapidly inactivated by this proteinase and may thereby intensify consumption of clotting and other plasma proteins during inflammation.


Research consistently shows that both foster- and residential care leavers achieve lower levels of educational qualification in comparison to the general population. However, in Western society, education remains an important gateway to success in employment, income and housing opportunities. This study explores and predicts educational achievement of care leavers in Flanders and investigates the effect of educational attainment on other outcomes (employment, income and housing). The study involves 220 care leavers (both family foster care (n = 138) and residential care (n = 82)). Data was collected using a self-reporting questionnaire touching multiple domains. The participants of the study (77 male, 143 female) are between 21 and 27 years old. Both foster- and residential care leavers achieve significantly lower qualifications, earn less and more often experience homelessness than their peers from the general population. Residential care leavers achieve lower qualifications and are more often unemployed than foster care leavers. Multiple regression analyses indicate that the level of qualification is a key factor in determining the results on employment, income and education. More placements and less support during the time in care are significantly associated with lower educational achievements. This lower qualification brings significantly higher risks of unemployment, financial- and housing obstacles in the long term. It is therefore important to support young care leavers in attaining their qualification, therefore providing equal opportunities in our society. Policy makers should focus on increased support regarding education during the time in care. School- and placement changes should be minimized, and society ought to invest in psychological support during placement.


The serotonin transporter (5‐HTT) is the target of most antidepressant drugs, whose therapeutic action is related to their facilitatory influence on 5‐HT neurotransmission. In this study, we investigated the functional adaptive properties of 5‐HT1A autoreceptors, which regulate serotonergic neuronal firing, in knockout mice deficient in 5‐HTT. Neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) were recorded extracellularly under chloral hydrate anaesthesia in male and female knockout 5‐HTT mice and their wild‐type counterparts. The inhibitory response of DRN neurons to intravenous injection of the 5‐HT1A agonist 8‐OH‐DPAT was dramatically reduced in knockout 5‐HTT compared with wild‐type mice, especially in females. Changes in 8‐OH‐DPAT‐induced hypothermia and autoradiographic labelling of 5‐HT1A sites in the DRN confirmed a greater level of desensitization/down‐regulation of 5‐HT1A autoreceptors in female than in male knockout 5‐HTT mice. After gonadectomy, the functional status of 5‐HT1A autoreceptors was unchanged in wild‐type mice, whereas in knockout 5‐HTT, castrated males exhibited a down‐regulation, and ovariectomized females an up‐regulation of these receptors, as shown by electrophysiological recording and autoradiographic labelling in the DRN, as well as by changes in 8‐OH‐DPAT‐induced hypothermia. Finally, in gonadectomized knockout 5‐HTT mice, treatment with testosterone or estradiol restored the DRN neuronal firing sensitivity to 8‐OH‐DPAT back to sham control level in males or females, respectively. These data indicate that sexual hormones participate in the mechanisms responsible for the desensitization of 5‐HT1A autoreceptors in knockout 5‐HTT mice. The differential effects of testosterone and estradiol on 5‐HT1A‐mediated control of 5‐HT neurotransmission might be related to the well‐established gender differences in the vulnerability to depression.


We present high temperature (~1100°C) stability tests of, Ge-doped and F-doped, optical fibre sensors. Our analysis includes the variation in their behaviours within high temperature environments and how the dopant diffusion affects their long term stability.


Probably herbivorous fishes were visibility main body as aquatic substantial production in offshore and adjacent sea. It is a major problem to estimation of energy conversion rate by hervivores from primary production when to be measurement for potential productivity of herbivores as above meaning according to deductive method. This was deal with review of I index, with mean transfer efficiency from food in seawater to food in gut be eaten by a particular species. Yet was not settled with an established theory. In this review coefficients of food selection or electivity indices suggested by two Russian biologists, Ivlev and Sorygin, (r-p) /(r+p) and (r/p) were understand unsuitable to use with the transfer efficiency . But CCOS that is one of community resemblance chord is suggested to be possible with someone a treatment, as (CCOS)(Filtering rate).


Backgroud and Objectives: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive procedure for removing kidney stones but patients still suffer from moderate postoperative pain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the perioperative analgesic effect of ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block performed prior to PCNL procedure.

METHODS
Patients scheduled for elective percutaneous nephrolithotomy were randomized into two groups: Group TAP and Group IV. General anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl and rocuronium and maintained with sevoflurane, fentanyl and rocuronium. Unilateral ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block was performed with total of 30ml volume of local anesthetic solution (20ml Bupivacaine 0.125% plus 10ml Lidocaine 1%) after intubation but before surgery to the Group TAP patients. Paracetamol 1gr was given to the Group IV. Tramadol 100mg and morphine iv-patient-controlled analgesia was applied to both groups. Perioperative fentanyl consumption; postoperative Verbal Analog Scale, morphine consumption and additional analgesic drug requirement were assessed. Chi square with Yates correction and Mann Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS
Eighty patients were assessed for enrollment. One patient developed septicemia at the recovery room so data of 79 patients were collected for statistical analysis. Total morphine consumption at 48th hour after the surgery was lower at Group TAP (p=0.022). Perioperative fentanyl consumption was lower at Group TAP (p<0.001). Additional analgesic requirement and VAS were comparable between groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Preemptive unilateral ultrasound-guided subcostal transversus abdominis plane block decreases perioperative fentanyl and postoperative total morphine consumption in percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients compared to iv analgesic management.


Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a basic risk factor for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Little knowledge exists about the impact of HPV on clinical diagnostic and therapy of patients with HNSCC.


Aims  Our aim was to evaluate the usefulness of the total cholesterol/HDL‐cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL) in predicting the cardiovascular risk of Type 2 diabetic patients.


Interactions of drug molecules embedded within the pores of drug-delivery matrices significantly influence the drug-release rate and profile. In this Article, we used solid-state NMR experiments to inspect the interactions of indomethacin drug and tetrahydrofuran solvent molecules within mesoporous MIL-101 metal–organic framework materials. MIL-101 matrices were prepared using two types of linkers, terephthalic acid for MIL-101(Cr) and MIL-101(Fe), and amino-terephthalic acid for MIL-101(Al)-NH2 and MIL-101(Fe)-NH2. Loading MIL-101 matrices with indomethacin proved to be very efficient; the obtained delivery systems accommodated from 0.9 to 1.1 g of indomethacin per 1 g of MIL-101 material. NMR measurements showed that regardless of the type of the framework metal centers or the type of the organic linker indomethacin did not attach to the metal–organic framework. Interactions between indomethacin molecules themselves were also not detected. On the contrary, the smaller tetrahydrofuran solvent molecules d...


There are many instruments for heart rate measurements such as electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG), chest straps, and pulse oximeters. Since these devices are contact-based measurement, they may make the users feel not only uncomfortable but also have some pains. We present a method for a contact-free heart rate measurement on a video sequence using a webcam. The heart rate is measured by detecting the prominent frequency of the skin-color change in a human face. As color features in a video sequence, we utilize both green and hue signals. The frequencies of the two color signals are analyzed in multiple observing times. We select statistically the most reliable Fourier spectrum among all. The proposed method has been implemented using Simulink. Experimental results show that it can perform heart rate measurement accurately in real time.


Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) are attracting much attention as clean and efficient power sources. Pt-Ru alloy anode has been developed for industrial applications. However, the resources of both Pt and Ru are limited on our planet. In the present work, Pt-Ce0 2 composite anodes were prepared. We examined the influence of surface activity of substrate Ce0 2 on anode performance of Pt-Ce0 2 composites for development of high quality anodes in DMFCs. The surface area of Ce0 2 particles was changed by a control of dropping speed of cerium nitrate aqueous solution into ammonium carbonate aqueous solution. The peak current density of methanol oxidation on Pt(30wt% )-Ce0 2 composite anodes increased with an increase of surface area ofCe0 2 up to 51m 2 /g. The current density ofPt(30wt%)-Ce0 2 (Ce0 2: 51m 2 /g) composite anode was 1.8 times higher than that on commercially available Pt-Ru alloy anode. On the other hand, the current density ofPt(5wt%)-Ce0 2 (Ce0 2: 51m 2 /g) was also higher than that on Pt-Ru alloy anode. Those results indicate that the anode performance on Pt-Ce0 2 /CB can be maximized and Pt content in Pt-Ce0 2 /CB can be minimized by a design of interface between Pt and active Ce0 2.


In order to make 45° high reflection mirror at 1315nm and offer some experimental data, we discuss the following aspects-optimization of the design of the thin films, the control of the depth of the thin films, the improvement of the surface of the thin films and the balance of the stress in the thin films. we give some methods to improve the characteristic of the thin films, and finally get the satisfied results about the making high reflection mirror:R99.85%.


Objective
To analyze the risk factors of nosocomial infection at department of hematology and provide some nursing countermeasures for the prevention and control of nosocomial infection, so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection at the department of hematology.

Methods
The clinical data of the cases treated at the department of hematology of our hospital from May, 2013 to April, 2015 were collected. The reasons of nosocomial infection were analyzed. The risk factors caused nosocomial infection were summarized and multiple regression analysis was carried out. And nursing countermeasures were made.

Results
Among the 180 cases at the department of hematology, 21 got nosocomial infection, accounting for 11.7%. Among the 21 cases, 24.0% had leukemia. Age > 60 years, operative time > two weeks, taking ventilator (invasive procedures), chemotherapy, and using two or more than two antibiotics were independent risk factors for nosocomial infection.

Conclusion
Department of hematology is at high risk in occurring nosocomial infection and has more risk factors causing nosocomial infection, so the infectious source should be cut off and managed, so as to decrease the incidence of nosocomial infection and guarantee the treatment effect.

Key words:
Department of hematology; Nosocomial infection; Risk factors; Nursing countermeasures


The first tip is to recognise the risks we face. When an occupational group is exposed to hazards that increase their morbidity and mortality, we usually view this as a health and safety issue and take preventative measures. We need that approach with work-related stress, because GPs are exposed to higher than average levels. Linked to this, doctors are a high-risk group for depression, drug and alcohol problems, and suicide.


Acute, lethal effects of fenthion (an organophosphate insecticide) on mysids (Mysidopsis bahia), grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio), pink shrimp (Penaeus duorarum) and sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were determined in laboratory tests and after field applications. Exposures at four field sites ranged from short-term exposures (12 h or less) of rapidly decreasing fenthion concentrations to extended intervals (more than 72 h) with slowly increasing or decreasing fenthion concentrations. Laboratory-derived LC50s provided a reliable benchmark for predicting acute, lethal effects of fenthion on caged animals in the field when exposures persisted for 24 h or more but overestimated the toxicity for exposures of less than 24 h. Laboratory pulse-exposure tests with rapidly changing concentrations for 12 h were predictive of the nonlethal and lethal effects observed for short-term field exposures.


We present in this paper a comparison of audio signal codings that we have developed in order to study xiphoidal sounds. These sounds are produced by the lower oesophageal sphincter whose dysfonctionnement can be responsible for the gastro-eosophageal reflux phenomenon. Our goal is to extract pertinent information from audio signals in order to characterize the pathology of the patients and its intensity, which is generally realized by invasive and traumatic methods such as radiological and manometric investigations. Several codings of audio signals are presented and compared. They are based on different representations of signals: temporal, frequential and time-scale representations. Zipf and inverse Zipf analyses are then performed. They allow the extraction of pertinent primitives, not available from standard signal processing methods. Finally, a clustering step is realized in order to bring to the fore clusters, linked to pathology characteristics. Two clustering methods have been used: a linear discriminant analysis, and a neural network clustering method.


The patient had been having slurred speech and trouble swallowing and chewing. He had been using his hand to hold his jaw closed and to push his jaw up to help him chew.


Pesticides are widely used as bactericides and plant growth regulators. Despite their considerable benefit in
agriculture, most pesticides can persist in the environment over long period and consist severe harm to
humans and many other life forms. Their undesirable effect on living organisms has become a public
concern. Public concern has led to the development of various methods for the analysis of these compounds.
Although the traditional Gas Chromatographic methods have great advantages for qualitative and
quantitative analysis of pesticides in the environment and in food, they appear to be expensive, time
consuming and requires meticulous handling and large amount of sample. As the risk of contamination
becomes more important due to the massive use of pesticides, there was a need of developing rapid and easy
method to ensure environmental and food quality control. Biosensor technology is being widely developed in
this context. A biosensor for pesticides detection can be either based upon the measurements of the enzyme
inhibition or the measurement of compounds involved in the enzymatic reaction. The methods include
inhibition-based biosensors, catalytic biosensors, whole cell biosensors, immune sensors and DNA biosensors
and some new trends. Studies show that biosensors display storage stability between 30–60 days. Other
important factors determined are the limit of detection, response time and applications of innovative
biosensors for food, water and beverage samples. This review describes the available techniques using
enzyme based biosensors for pesticide detection with special reference to their detection limit and response
time.


Watermarking techniques for vector graphics dislocate vertices in order to embed imperceptible, yet detectable, statistical features into the input data. The embedding process may result in a change of the topology of the input data, e.g., by introducing self-intersections, which is undesirable or even disastrous for many applications. In this paper we present a watermarking framework for two-dimensional vector graphics that employs conventional watermarking techniques but still provides the guarantee that the topology of the input data is preserved. The geometric part of this framework computes so-called maximum perturbation regions (MPR) of vertices. We propose two efficient algorithms to compute MPRs based on Voronoi diagrams and constrained triangulations. Furthermore, we present two algorithms to conditionally correct the watermarked data in order to increase the watermark embedding capacity and still guarantee topological correctness. While we focus on the watermarking of input formed by straight-line segments, one of our approaches can also be extended to circular arcs. We conclude the paper by demonstrating and analyzing the applicability of our framework in conjunction with two well-known watermarking techniques.


The preparation of a dextran (Dex)-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) blend impregnated with ammonium bromide (NH4Br) is done via the solution cast method. The phases due to crystalline and amorphous regions were separated and used to estimate the degree of crystallinity. The most amorphous blend was discovered to be a blend of 40 wt% Dex and 60 wt% HEC. This polymer blend serves as the channel for ions to be conducted and electrodes separator. The conductivity has been optimized at (1.47 ± 0.12) × 10−4 S cm−1 with 20 wt% NH4Br. The EIS plots were fitted with EEC circuits. The DC conductivity against 1000/T follows the Arrhenius model. The highest conducting electrolyte possesses an ionic number density and mobility of 1.58 × 1021 cm−3 and 6.27 × 10−7 V−1s−1 cm2, respectively. The TNM and LSV investigations were carried out on the highest conducting system. A non-Faradic behavior was predicted from the CV pattern. The fabricated electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) achieved 8000 cycles, with a specific capacitance, internal resistance, energy density, and power density of 31.7 F g−1, 80 Ω, 3.18 Wh kg−1, and 922.22 W kg−1, respectively.


Spectrum sensing is an important techniques used in cognitive radio system which provides the knowledge of spectrum occupancy and also the activities of the licensed user. Energy detection technique depends upon the information of noise power and encounters the problem of noise uncertainty. Here, blind spatial method for spectrum sensing is used to overcome the noise uncertainty problem. An Electronically Steerable Parasitic Antenna Receptor (ESPAR) has been used that is able to distribute the space into various sectors. Moreover, the received beam pattern can be switched to individual sectors. The existence/non-existence of the licensed user signal depends upon the difference of the energy of the received signal in sectors. The maximum-minimum energy ratio is used to find out the existence/non-existence of the licensed user in a blind energy based algorithm. To remove the noise uncertainty issue and to improve the reliability with low complexity maximum-minimum energy detection (MMEN) sensing method is used. Simulation result indicates that as we increase the number of sectors, probability of detection increases. The reason behind this is that the signal strength depends upon the angular spread. Hence, when the angular spread increases, signal strength also increases which allows the number of sectors to be increased. Therefore, increasing the number of sectors, increase the detection probability.


Sir—In the policy context of assessing whether developing countries that want cheaper, more-plentiful meat would be well-advised to use animal antibiotics, Collignon and colleagues reported in a recent article that "Some persons argue that the routine addition of antibiotics to animal feed will help alleviate protein undernutrition in developing countries by increasing meat production. In contrast, we estimate that, if all routine antibiotic use in animal feed were ceased, there would be negligible effects in these countries. Poultry and pork production are unlikely to decrease by more than 2%" [1, p. 1007]. In support of these conclusions, the authors cite a US Department of Agriculture report that, they claim, "calculated that the US hog industry would have a net saving of $7 million if the use of antibiotic growth promoters ceased" [1, p. 1012]. But what the cited analysis actually says is that "Each producer is able to improve his or her net returns by feeding antimicrobial drugs. However, when all producers act in concert, feeding antimicrobial drugs, the collective result is to increase hog supplies; the increased supplies decrease hog prices" [2, p. 7]. Thus, this analysis supports the claim that feeding antimicrobial drugs to food animals (specifically hogs) expands supply and reduces prices; presumably, this is a significant finding for developing countries that desire these outcomes. Similarly, the conclusion that "Poultry and pork production are unlikely to decrease by more than 2%" [1, p. 1007] appears to be a misreading of available data that only considers weight gain among animals rather than prevention of disease and mortality (and consequent loss of production) among animals raised without antibiotics. For example, since the antibiotic growth promoter bans were imposed in Europe, "Denmark, the worldleading pork exporter, has seen the number of pigs that die from illnesses increase by 25 percent over the past decade to about seven million animals a year. Of the 32 million pigs born in the Scandinavian country last year, 21.2 percent died..." [3, p. 1]. An increase in mortality rates from ∼17% (prior to implementation of the animal antibiotic bans) to ∼21.2% (after implementation of the bans) clearly represents a decrease in pork production of 12%. Finally, Collignon and colleagues conclude that "Eliminating the routine use of in-feed antibiotics will improve human and animal health, by reducing the development and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria" [1, p. 1007]. However, sound risk management policy also requires consideration of whether eliminating in-feed antibiotics will harm human and animal health by increasing the spread of antibiotic-susceptible bacteria. Recent experience in Europe suggests that this is indeed the case, and quantitative modeling suggests that the potential harm to human health from increased microbial loads of susceptible bacteria may exceed the potential benefit to human health of a decreased prevalence of resistant bacteria by a ratio of 11000:1 [4]. Thus, prudent use of animal antibiotics may be effective in helping developing countries that seek safer, cheaper, more-plentiful meat supplies to achieve these goals.


To understand heavy metal content in soil of rural landfill in Chongqing,samples were collected at 10 sampling sites of different counties.Zn,Cr,Cu,Cd and Pb contents were analyzed,and their pollution degrees were evaluated by single-factor evaluation and index of geoaccumulation. Results displayed that there was no Cr pollution in soil of rural landfill in Chongqing,but Cd pollution was very serious. Pb,Zn and Cu showed spatial difference in different counties. Dispersion degrees of Zn and Pb pollution were lower,and their pollution degrees were also relatively lower.Dispersion degree of Cu pollution was higher,and its pollution degree was also relatively higher.


The clinical histories of 46 cases of chordoma seen and treated at Memorial Hospital from 1930 to 1965 are reviewed, including 30 cases of sacral origin, ten cases of vertebral origin, five sphenoidal and one extranotochordal, with an age range from 2 1/2 years to 71 and a male sex predominance of 32 to 14. Only three patients in this series are alive and free of disease 5, 13 and 16 years after diagnosis and treatment and the absolute 5‐year survival rate with freedom from disease is only 8.7%. Complete surgical excision can result in a cure in a few selected sacrococcygeal or sphenoidal cases but incomplete removal or tumor spillage in the wound are certain to lead to recurrence and probable metastasis and death. When radiation therapy is employed, either alone or preoperatively, symptomatic relief can be expected and some regression in the tumor at least for a time. In those tumors that show some radioresponsiveness repeat x‐ray dosages may prove of extended benefit. The authors conclude that distant metastasis and local recurrence are more common than ordinarily considered and therapeutic doses of supervoltage irradiation pre‐ or postoperatively could be of subtantial benefit in the management of this uncommon disease.


This study presents results from an experiment conducted to measure the impact of locally initializing an atmospheric computer model on the model's ability to predict precipitation. The study consisted of enhancing the Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System (AWIPS) Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) diagnostic analyses by using local mesonets, and then using these to locally initialize a mesoscale model. The mesoscale model used in the study was the Workstation Eta (WsEta). The experiment ran from 4 August 2003 to 11 October 11 2003. In addition to measuring the impact of using LAPS to initialize the workstation Eta, the impact of using different physical configurations on the model's performance was studied as well. Results show that, in general, LAPS had little impact overall on the WsEta's ability to forecast precipitation except within the first 12 hours of the forecast by the early morning runs (06 UTe) during a light wind regime. Results also show that among the different physical configurations tested, the non-hydrostatic and higher resolution runs were the most skillful in their ability to forecast diurnally driven daytime convection across South Florida.


This paper presents a novel approach to Electrical and Computer Engineering education at Ryerson University. First, the board is eliminated all together, using a Tablet PC. Handwriting recognition software is used to display any notes and diagrams that were originally intended on a board. Next, the lecture has its desktop video, and audio through a microphone, captured in real-time using CamStudio, an open source video capturing tool, while simultaneously addressing the class. After, the video captures are placed on a public video sharing website, where students may access the videos at any time, to review lectures as if they were physically in the lecture on that day. The overall averages for the courses currently taught by the author, in comparison to the previous years, has raised by roughly 8%, demonstrating that this method of education is sufficiently better, and significantly improves the learning process.


Both Spanish and French colonial education included several features that restricted education. Many of them persisted long after independence. Against this background, this paper econometrically studies whether in the recent past the colonial legacy still affected schooling in the ex‐colonies of these two former colonial powers – and, for comparison, in the ex‐colonies of Britain, the third of the former big three colonial powers. Using a large sample of countries and numerous controls, it finds substantial negative effects on both secondary enrollment and average years of schooling in former French and, especially, in former Spanish colonies. The negative effects on females are particularly large. By contrast, there are no effects in former British colonies.


The synchronization is the basic factor of analysis to the CDMA communication signal intercepted.According to the characteristic of the subscriber spread-spectrum-code in CDMA2000 mobile communication system,a new synchronization algorithm for CDMA communication system is proposed to CDMA communication system without central node.Firstly by inputting the users' propagation delays into the channel impulse response matrix,synchronizing to the users' signal is indirectly achieved by the channel estimation scheme.Then based on the channel estimation a simple and efficient propagation delays estimation method is also proposed in detail.The application of multi-user estimation and multi-antenna technology made the algorithm more immune to multi-access interference and multi-path fading.The result of simulation shows that the algorithm is simple,effective and feasible.


Capacitated minimax facility location-allocation (LA) is a type of facility problem which is of prime importance for emergency situation, since it directly affects the service response time to customers. Capacitated minimax LA problem is concerned with locating some new facilities and allocating their capacity to customers when the maximum travelled distance from customers to facilities is minimized. This study involves a fixed line barrier in a region with some border crossings along it which divides the area into two subregions. Although several studies have recently been done on this problem in which the customer locations are known with certainty, much less attention has been devoted to developing a comprehensive mathematical model for the probabilistic extension of customer locations when there are some restrictions in the region. In order to fill this gap, a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) model is proposed for facility LA when customer locations are randomly distributed according to a bivariate normal probability distribution. Finally, the BARON solver in the GAMS software is used to solve the model, and a numerical example is provided to demonstrate its efficiency.


The integration of heterogeneous systems is still an evolving research area. Due to the complexity of integration processes, there are challenges for the optimization of integration processes. Message-based integration systems, like EAI servers and workflow process engines, are mostly document-oriented, using XML technologies to achieve suitable data independence from the different and particular proprietary data representations of the supported external systems. However, such an approach causes large costs for single-value evaluations within the integration processes. At this point, message indexing, adapting extended database technologies, can be applied in order to achieve better performance. In this paper, we introduce our message indexing structure MIX and discuss and evaluate immediate as well as deferred indexing concepts.


The performance of optimum combining (OC) in decode-and forward (DF) relaying in the presence of a Poisson field of interferers is analyzed. An approximation for the outage probability of the OC receiver is derived by considering the temporal correlation of the interference. Despite the randomness of the number and the locations of the interferers, the OC receiver suppresses the interference at the destination node and diversity gains are achieved, provided that the relay nodes are noise limited. For single-antenna relay nodes, the end-to-end performance is vulnerable to interference at the relay nodes which is not canceled, resulting in zero diversity gains.


at time of capture building was a general store owned by g. griffiths.title and further information inscribed in pencil on verso. inscribed in pencil on verso: c. fox photo 20 melbourne streett geelong west victoria.


The present invention relates to a backlight unit. The backlight unit manufacturing method according to the present invention includes forming a plurality of recesses and the LED electrode groove on the upper surface of the lower glass plate-like and; Forming an electrode pattern for supplying a current to the LED and the electrode groove; Applying an adhesive to the grooves and the LED; The step of fixing the LED with the adhesive coated on the upper groove and the LED; Comprises; an upper glass of the plate-laminating the upper surface of the lower glass.