By examining occupational therapy (OT) and physical therapy (PT) students' attitudes toward intellectual disability (ID), Vermeltfoort and colleagues draw our attention to the importance of training and educating health professionals to meet the rehabilitation needs of diverse populations.1 The authors used an online questionnaire to examine 225 Ontario MScOT and MScPT students' attitudes toward, experience with, and willingness and preparedness to work with the ID population. They found that while the majority of students were willing to work with adults living with ID, more than half did not feel adequately prepared to interact with this population in the rehabilitation setting. Furthermore, 75.4% of students reported inadequate knowledge as the main contributor to their feelings of unpreparedness. Vermeltfoort and colleagues conclude that further research is needed to address potential curriculum gaps in Ontario MScOT/PT programs.1

Intellectual disabilities are not uncommon; in fact, about 1% of the global population lives with an ID.2 ID is frequently associated with health complications such as epilepsy and other seizure disorders, abnormalities in motor function, impairments in hearing and vision, and psychopathology.3 Thanks to significant increases in life expectancy for people with ID, there is a need to better train and prepare health professionals to meet the health care needs of adults with ID.4 Rehabilitation practitioners will play an essential role in meeting these needs, and it is therefore troubling that OT and PT students do not feel adequately prepared to work with this population. Also, although it may seem encouraging that students report a "neutral" attitude toward people with ID, this finding warrants further explication. As both of these issues have significant implications for rehabilitation training and curriculum reform, I will further explore the concept of attitudes and knowledge (in relation to skills and competency) in this commentary.

People with ID experience many health conditions that are either under-recognized or inadequately managed.5 Research has established that health care workers' knowledge and attitudes have a significant impact on the health care experiences of people with ID.6 The study by Vermeltfoort and colleagues is particularly helpful because it identifies the major barrier that hinders OT/PT students in working with this population: they feel unprepared because they lack an adequate knowledge base.1 Other health disciplines have addressed similar knowledge-base issues by conducting surveys that identify the clinical skills used within their practice area; for example, the clinical skills needed for nurses working with the ID population include assessment, communication and consent, and violence prevention and management, as well as broader skills such as those required for managing epilepsy and mental health issues.7 Identifying core competencies for OT/PT may be the first step toward developing ID-specific rehabilitation curriculum content. Enhancing students' skill sets may improve their self-efficacy and competence, thus helping to decrease health care disparities between people with ID and the general population.

However, skills alone are not enough to ensure a positively impact on the care provided to people with ID; we must also recognize the correlation between attitudes and emotional responses to working with these clients. Because a less than positive attitude may evoke negative emotional responses from health professionals, ultimately affecting the quality of care they provide,8 it may not be sufficient for OT and PT students to express "neutral" attitudes toward working with the ID population; curricula may need to integrate purposeful, positive experiences. Face-to-face experience with people with ID is one way of generating more positive attitudes and increasing students' confidence in treating this population.9 Although Vermeltfoort and colleagues note that the majority of the students they surveyed reported prior exposure to people with ID neither the quality nor the type (positive or negative) of that exposure was reported. Nonetheless, evidence supports the inclusion of experiences for both students and clinicians to promote positive contact and to help to reduce any fear associated with working with people living with ID.10,11 This goal can be achieved through various means, including fieldwork experience, clinical placements, and interactive guest speakers. OT and PT curricula must incorporate a thoughtful range of varied experiences to enhance students' exposure to and familiarity with this population.

Vermeltfoort and colleagues draw our attention to the importance of establishing curricula that better prepare OT and PT students to work with the ID population.1 This is an important contribution to the literature because it raises awareness of the need to strengthen and enhance current curricula and training. If teaching is to be pedagogically and clinically valid in generating adequate knowledge to address the health care needs of the ID population, curricula must not only address the clinical skills required to work with people with ID but also create opportunities to develop positive attitudes toward this population. Clearly, OT and PT students need to be adequately prepared to work with diverse populations, including people living with ID, regardless of the clinical setting. Therefore, we must be diligent in keeping abreast of changing demographic needs and the evolving demands of the health care system, to ensure that OT and PT curricula are adequately preparing students for current and future practice.


Animal genetic resources (AnGR) are critical for global food security and livelihoods. Livestock products have high densities of energy, protein, and other critical nutrients, which are particularly beneficial for infants and expectant mothers. Around a billion people rely directly on livestock for their livelihoods, many of which are among the rural poor (FAO, 2009). Demand for animal products is foreseen to increase significantly in the future while competition for resources will intensify, dictating that livestock systems must increase both productivity and efficiency. Maintaining sufficient diversity of AnGR is necessary to ensure adaptation potential in times of uncertainty. In the future, climate change is expected to be a major force testing resilience of global food production systems (Thornton et al., 2009; Renaudeau et al., 2012). Ensuring that livestock systems remain productive and efficient while maintaining their flexibility will be a major challenge.

Adaptation to climate change is unlikely to be achieved with a single strategy (Hoffmann, 2010). Clearly, modifications will be needed in animals' housing, reproduction, nutrition, and health care. Genetic changes in the animals (both within and across species) will also play a role. Preparation for these transformations will require a significant research commitment and genomics will play a role in the genetic measures taken for adaptation of livestock to climate change.


Stakeholders might have diverging or conflicting expectations about the functions that peer review should fulfil. We aimed to explore how stakeholder groups perceive peer review and what they expect from it. We conducted qualitative focus group workshops with early‐, mid‐, and senior career scholars, editors, and publishers. We recruited participants following a purposive maximum variation sampling approach. To identify purposes of peer review, we conducted a thematic analysis. Stakeholders expected peer review (1) to assess the contributions of a manuscript, (2) to conduct quality control, (3) to improve manuscripts, (4) to assess the suitability of manuscripts for a journal, (5) to provide a decision‐making tool for editors, (6) to provide feedback by peers, (7) to curate a community, and (8) to provide a seal of accreditation for published articles. Stakeholders with different roles and tasks in the peer review process differed in the value they attached to the functions of peer review. Early‐ and mid‐career researchers valued social and feedback functions of peer review, while senior career researchers and editors expected it to instead perform a technical assessment of manuscripts and serve as a decision‐making tool. Publishers expected peer review to assess the suitability of manuscripts for their journals and to provide a seal of accreditation. This revealed a potential tension between functions of peer review. Stakeholder expectations are shaped by how stakeholders perceive their own roles both in relation to the peer review process and within their scientific community.


It is shown that neutrinos (massless or massive), produced with kinetic energies below \ensuremath{\sim}50 eV in a supernova, have bound orbits in the remnant neutron star. The binding is mediated by a radial weak-interaction force, caused by a gradient in the collective weak potential of the neutrons in the star. This force is also able to create spontaneously neutrino-antineutrino pairs. If the bound-neutrino sphere is not fully degenerate at low momenta, a cold neutron star will shine continuously antineutrinos with energies \ensuremath{\lesssim}50 eV, as a result of the density gradient in it. In principle, these effects can also be realized at smaller (e.g., solid) densities for sufficiently low neutrino energies.


Mountains have been an important part of environmental sciences. Understanding and effectively addressing the complex challenges; faced by mountain population in an era of global change requires carefully designed and implemented research involving scientists from a range of disciplines. To address the mountain problems associated with inaccessibility, fragility, and marginality; we can suggest a number of measures such as: improvement of road net; sustainability of natural resources and regulation of their usage. Furthermore, we can adopt consumption activities in order to fulfil the environmental and decentralized needs of the residents in order to develop ecotourism to a semi mountainous area. The aim of this paper is: a) to record the current situation of Cassandra's road net in a semi mountainous area, b) to propose places that can be further developed and; c) to develop an estimating method of parametric system based on environmental impact assessment. The results of our research are based on; how until now this area has been managed and how we are going to reform it by our proposals; by the usage of road net and the rural development. We used a route; which passes through several forest stands and is preferred compared to the provincial highway which is used as a connecting axis between the cities of Cassandra and Fourka. Another ultimate aim is to propose structures that could improve these sections of forest land to


Image guided surgery (IGS), or "Navigation," is now widely used in many areas of surgery including arthroplasty. However, the options for establishing, in real time, the veracity of the navigation ...


The analytical and conceptual matrix that marked scientific and technological policies after World War II is associated with a linear perspective on the relations between science, technology and development. This view is still popular among policy makers. There are, however, three approaches that criticize this particular view: the Evolutionary approach, the Latin American Thought in Science, Technology and Society (PLACTS), and what we call the Alternative View. In this paper, we argue that Latin American science and technology policy can be better understood by modelling these three distinct approaches, and that it is possible to make an association between them and some specific interests, which are linked to different political projects.


In this paper, we study an event-triggered consensus problem for a distributed first-order multi-agent system (MAS) considering three types of time delays. Each agent periodically and asynchronously samples its state with sensor measurement delays and calculates the integral-type triggering condition with event-detecting delays. The agent determines to sample its state again and to broadcast the data to neighbors if the triggering condition is satisfied, and controllers of the agent and its neighbors are updated with networked communication delays. We provide a sufficient condition for guaranteeing the average consensus for the MAS, and stability analysis is conducted by using Lyapunov approach. Numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method.


book reviews ISSN 1948-6596 A second look at fynbos biodiversity Fynbos: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation of a Megadiverse Region. Nicky Allsopp, Jonathan F. Colville & G. Anthony Verboom (Editors), 2014, Oxford University Press. 395 pp. £65.00 (hardback) ISBN 978-0-19-967958-4; http://global.oup.com/ The exceptional levels of plant diversity and ende- mism of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) in the southwestern corner of Africa continue to capti- vate scientists and naturalists from all over the world. Fynbos is the dominant vegetation type of the CFR—or the second-dominant if the CFR and the adjacent succulent karoo region are consid- ered together under the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR). Either way, fynbos is renowned as the epitome of plant biodiversity in this region. This by itself explains the title of this book, as the editors point out in their preface, and although the book deals with five major vegetation types within the GCFR, fynbos receives the main focus throughout. The title also highlights the connection of this volume to Cowling's (1992) influential book The Ecology of Fynbos: Nutrients, Fire and Diversi- ty, published more than 20 years ago and focused on ecological, evolutionary and biodiversity patterns of the CFR. The present book not only synthesises the knowledge gained on the topic since then, but it puts more emphasis on process- es than on patterns. By taking advantage of the rapid advances in DNA sequencing and molecular phylogenetic analyses in the last two decades, it aims at understanding how ecological and evolu- tionary processes affect the outstanding biodiver- sity of the CFR (or the GCFR) and how this can be preserved. It would be difficult, however, and probably unwise, to ignore the earlier book (Cowling 1992) in the review of this new volume. The new book describes the five major veg- etation types of the GCFR (fynbos, renosterveld, succulent karoo, thicket and forest) and the main environmental factors that determine their geo- graphical distribution: soils, topography, climate and fire. Although it is a very detailed description, complemented with a multivariate analysis to ex- plore floristic similarities between vegetation types, little is added to what was already known from the first book. However, thanks to more re- cent phylogenetic studies, the more recent book provides compelling new insights into the evolu- tionary history of the GCFR flora and vegetation. For instance, long-distance dispersal rather than vicariance can now explain the Australasian con- nections of the fynbos flora. Also, unlike the an- cient thicket and forest floras, a significant phylo- genetic clustering has been detected in fynbos, renosterveld and succulent karoo floras, sug- gesting either a recent origin or greater isolation through their evolutionary histories. While recent, rapid speciation seems to account for the high species richness of succulent karoo and renoster- veld vegetation, fynbos biodiversity is explained by less rapid speciation coupled with low extinc- tion due to long-term climatic and topographic stability. The extremely high species diversity of these vegetation types, particularly fynbos and succulent karoo, contrasts with their low levels of functional and structural diversity. Unquestionably the main novelty of this book, compared to the first fynbos book, is the incorporation of a rich body of knowledge on the evolutionary processes underlying the high biodi- versity of the GCFR flora through both phyloge- netic and population-level approaches. Several causes of plant speciation have been suggested, from topographic and edaphic (micro)habitat spe- cialisation to pollinator-driven diversification. Add to this the key role of fire in boosting plant diversi- fication in fynbos, which surprisingly was hardly mentioned in Cowling's (1992) book. Fire in that book was only used to explain the transition from fynbos to forest or thicket in fire refugia, to ac- count for key reproductive traits in fynbos plants and, at the end of the book, in a chapter on CFR ecosystem management. Another new aspect of this new book, alt- hough less resolved, is the incorporation of faunal data to explore consistencies of both flora and frontiers of biogeography 7.2, 2015 — © 2015 the authors; journal compilation © 2015 The International Biogeography Society


s of 5 National Congress on Medical Education Iranian Journal of Medical Education / No. 8, 2002 / 31 Evaluation of theory teaching point of view in students in Babol University of Medical Sciences 1 term of 2001-


According to limitations of existing mobile robot platforms, this paper proposes a low-cost, modular, universal multi-purpose mobile robot experimental platform. The hardware parts of the platform are made up of iRobot Create mobile chassis, microcomputer FitPC3, Laser Range Finder (LRF), and four types of cameras; Robot Operating System (ROS) is used in software portion to complete distributed computing, wireless communications and motion control. Experiment results show that the proposed mobile robot experimental platform is a kind of qualified and promising tool for mobile robot researches.


A serial line scan microscopic imaging system with 1 GHz scan rate is proposed and demonstrated. This method is based on optical time-stretch in dispersive fiber to realize superfast scan imaging. Furthermore, a wavelength division technique is utilized to overcome the trade-off between high frame rate and spatial resolution caused by dispersion-induced pulse overlap. Every single frame is carved into two channels by optical filters and is detected in different wavelength bands separately. Then, both channels are combined to reconstruct the whole frame. By this method, an imaging system with spatial resolution of 28 μm at line scan rate of 1 GHz with chromatic dispersion of 1377  ps/nm is realized. It has the potential to capture fast, nonrepetitive transient phenomena with a timescale of less than one nanosecond.


There are varieties of the puffer fish in the world. One of its varieties is the yellow puffer fish which is scientifically known as Lagocephalus Lunaris, and is available in Sarawak. This paper attempts to discuss biological, physical, and other attributes of the yellow puffer fish, which became the tourists' attraction in Betong, Sarawak. Using close observation technique of data collection, this paper finds that the yellow puffer fish contains a different chemical composition of poison that enables it to be eaten. It also finds that methods of catching the yellow puffer which are employed by the local inhabitants of Manggut Village in the banks of Saribas River in Sarawak which is known in the local terminology as membuntal, succeeded in attracting tourists to come from within and outside the country. During the celebration of "Yellow Puffer Fish Festival" which is sponsored by the Betong District Office of the Resident, as one of the programs in making the yellow puffer fish as one of the tourism products of Sarawak, there would be various dishes of the yellow puffer fish which become tourists favorites. As such, this paper finally argues that the yellow puffer fish is a successful tourism product in Sarawak.
Keywords: Lagocephalus Lunaris, tourism, festival, dishes, and Sarawak


A system able of imposing a fast ankle rotation during gait has been developed. The two-link system consists of a mechanical joint, strapped to the shin and the subjects' foot. The mechanical joint turns around the joint and is, by means of bowden wires, connected to a motor placed next to a treadmill where the subject is walking. It is possible with the attained system to investigate how the stretch reflex is modulated during gait and it makes it conceivable to examine to what extend the stretch reflex is contributing to the control of locomotion during normal and pathological motor behaviour. Preliminary results show that the modulation of the stretch reflex emerged with the same pattern during gait as described in the literature for the H-reflex.<<ETX>>


Emerging mobile sensing applications are changing the characteristics of smartphone workloads. Whereas typical mobile applications run alone in the foreground interacting with users, sensing applications concurrently run in the background, providing unobtrusive monitoring services. Such concurrent sensing workloads raise a new challenge incurring severe resource contention among themselves and with other foreground applications. To address the challenge, we develop SymPhoney, a coordinated sensing flow execution engine to support concurrent sensing applications. As its key approach, we develop a novel sensing-flow-aware coordination. We first introduce the new concept of frame externalization i.e., to identify and externalize semantic structures embedded in otherwise flat sensing data streams. Leveraging the identified frame structures, SymPhoney develops frame-based coordination and scheduling mechanisms, which effectively coordinates the resource use of concurrent contending applications and maximize their utilities even under severe resource contention. We implemented several sensing applications on top of the SymPhoney engine and performed extensive experiments, showing effective coordination capability of SymPhoney.


New prey items are reported in snakes that were found run over during night road trips, belonging to the families Colubridae, Dipsadidae, Elapidae and Viperidae from the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.


This paper analyzes the issue of moderate openness of trade in service of China by using committing openness. There are several problems as to existing methods and the paper improves them by introducing weights of second-degree industries and giving points according to supply mode. What's more,the paper calculates the committing openness of service industries of China and compares it with virtual openness and international competitiveness. By doing this,the paper finds out over-opened and less-opened industries and analyzes related causes.


From analysis on the characteristics,principle,method of WebGIS,this paper designed the project emission permit system implementation scheme based on WebGIS technology,discussed in detail from system design principles,overall design,key technology,system structure and other aspect,in order to realize the unified management of project emission data.


Excessive production of reactive oxygen species associated with deficient antioxidant defenses in preterm infants have been implicated in neonatal diseases such as periventricular leukomalacia, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, and necrotizing enterocolitis. Free radicals may be generated by exposure of preterm infants to high oxygen concentrations in resuscitation and mechanical ventilation and by hyperoxia during the reperfusion phase of a hypoxic-ischemic brain insult, primarily in the presence of high concentrations of nonprotein-bonded iron. In addition, free radicals are released by macrophage and neutrophil activation associated with infection and inflammation. The free radical aggression mechanisms in the pathogenesis of preterm neonatal diseases are discussed in this review. Although free radical injury is well recognized in neonatal disease pathogenesis, the effects of antioxidant therapy remain controversial. Careful and individualized control of oxygenation and blood flow perfusion, adequate intake of nutrients that have antioxidant functions, and steps to prevent infection seem to be the best recommendations for infant care in an attempt to prevent neonatal free radical aggression.


This paper presents a novel approach to identify the prediction interval associated with data using interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems with support vector regression. For such a purpose, a constrained quadratic objective function is defined which is then solved using well-established quadratic programming approaches. Not only does the output of interval type-2 fuzzy logic system replicates the measured value, but also it provides the lower bound and the upper bound for measured data values. In the proposed approach, to have more valuable information, a penalty term is added in the cost functions to have full control over the width of prediction interval. This method has been successfully applied to two benchmark identification problems. It is observed that by using the control parameter in the cost function, it is possible to obtain a narrower, yet inclusive prediction interval. Furthermore, superior prediction accuracy is obtained compared to existing methods in literature. Motivated by these results, the proposed approach is used to predict time series collected using a satellite from Urmia lake water level which resulted in high accuracy and an inclusive prediction interval. The graphical abstract presented for the paper illustrates the overall data gathering as well as data analysis made to estimate the prediction interval associated with Urmia lake water level data.


A new study reveals that different compounds can impact the function of the body's natural killer cells and provide clinicians with new tools in fighting cancer.


and set to work to plan my tour. I had until 1 April 1987 when my new job started. I learned very quickly that pre paring a travel schedule isa frustrating and irritating task. It took more than four weeks of telephone calls, with the aid of detective work by Directory Enquiries, before I had even a rough plan of campaign. I discovered several truths at this time. These were: (1) Anybody with any influence in Health or Social Services takes a month off over Christmas and New Year. They are also very susceptible to 'flu in the winter.


A b s t r a c t This paper examines the approach of Guilbert, a European stationery company , which has chosen a fast track strategy towards implementation of enterprise resource planning. A u t h o r s Nicola Gibson graduated from the University of Keele in management and computer sciences, where she subsequently gained her PhD for research into the quality of information in the National Health Service. Nicola is a research fellow at Manchester Business School, and her main research interests are the design and implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. working in product marketing for an IT firm, he joined Manchester Business School as ICL research associate. After lecturing at the IT Institute, University of Salford, Chris returned to MBS where he is Senior Lecturer in Information Management. His research interests are focused on a number of areas: information systems in global business; implementation of large-scale systems; new forms of organization and banking. He has published widely. He is chair of the IS in global business at the Hawaii International Conference on System Science, associate editor of Communications of the AIS and the International Journal of Electronic Markets. He regularly contributes to international academic and business conferences and has consulted with a wide range of international firms on IT strategy. The project is concerned with the strategies organizations employ to overcome legacy problems. Prior to embarking upon his academic career, Ben was employed in Human Resource Management. He has also undertaken consultancy and research within national and international firms.


Teaching effects of basic course play an important role in training students to master the basic theory and technology,structuring knowledge framework,and cultivating engineering idea and innovation spirit.Aiming at the teaching of circuit analysis fundamental,this paper illustrates that teaching effects can be efficiently improved through reorganizing knowledge system,revealing the courses intension to instruct the independent study,flexibly applying teaching method to enhance the creative abilities,strengthening the teaching management to foster the science attitude and innovating experiment method to train the special skills.


Objective Fibroadenoma ectomy by circum-areola incision(FECAI) have been applied in many domestic clinical centers for its notable advantage with excellent cosmetic results.Unfortunately,indications,contraindications,surgical procedures and cautious notes as well as complications prevention about FECAI have not been described in published literature in details.Therefore,this article gave a discussion in these aspects.Methods The authors present indications,contraindications,surgical procedures and cautious notes as well as complicatios prevention in details about FECAI by retrospectively analysised 35 patients with 40 breasts fibroadenoma(experimental group) who underwent FECAI and 28 patients with 32 breasts fibroadenoma(control group)who underwent fibroadenoma ectomy with the incision on the surface of mass by the same surgeon teams in the same period.Difference of bleeding volume,operation time between two groups was compared.Results Operation time of experimental group was(49±8) minutes(P0.05);the control group was(38±5) minutes(P0.05).Bleeding volume of experimental group was(20±5)ml;the control group was(31±6)ml.The indications of FECAI include:the diameter of areola is about 3.5~5.0cm;distance of outer margin of the mass to the areola margin ≤5.0cm;the diameter of the mass ≤3.0cm;fibroadenoma diagnosis should be consistently supported by physical examination,B type ultrasound,mammography,fine needle aspiration or core needle biopy.The contraindications of FECAI include:the diameter of the mass 5.0cm;distance between outer margin of the mass to the areola margin 6.0cm;malignant lesions suspicion.Conclusions An prominent advantage of FECAI is excellent cosmetic results with occult cicatricle.But,in order to avoid unnecessarily post-operation complications,the surgeons must have a good command on the indications and contradications of FECAI.


The scarcity of medical equipment has been inevitable since the Covid-19 pandemic emerged in 2020. Developing countries, part of the Global South, might have unfortunate conditions due to their lack of medical equipment. As part of the Global South, China has been providing assistance, having Indonesia as one of its main recipients. This study focuses on China's assistance and vaccine cooperation with Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the earlier outbreak, China has provided Indonesia with multiple assistance, such as PCR test kits, medical and N95 masks, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and then engaging on vaccine development. The study recognizes two types of interests, the normative and material ones, shaping China's motives. By analysing both interests, it is found that the cooperation between China and Indonesia shows that China has allowed Indonesia to be actively involved in dealing with the impact of the global pandemic. In addition to solidarity (normative interest), China's assistance is also a form of its effort to pursue economic expansion (material interest).


In The Chinese Worker after Socialism, William Hurst employs subnational comparison to explain different outcomes for workers in the process of reform of state-owned industry in China. In particular, Hurst provides in-depth analysis of regional variation of the sequencing and volume of layoffs, how the local state attempted to handle unemployment, actual outcomes in re-employment, and the dynamics of worker protest. By taking subnational regions as the unit of analysis, we see that the process of "smashing the iron rice bowl" has not been a unified and coherent project but rather one that has been messy, uneven, and subject to great variation in timing and outcomes. This variation is explained by differences in the political economy of each region. The regional approach to comparative research is one of the most significant features of this work, and Hurst frequently reminds us of the advantages of the method. The book focuses on four regions within China, namely, the Central Coast, North-Central, Northeast, and Upper Changjiang (Yangzi River). Additionally, and somewhat confusingly, "provincial capitals" are occasionally included as a virtual region. These regions are not delineated strictly according to formal jurisdictional boundaries but rather by commonalities in five features of political economy. These features are local state capacity, the general business environment for state-owned enterprises (SOE), working class society, labor market opportunities, and central-local relations. The term "working class society" is not immediately interpretable, but Hurst defines it as "a three-dimensional concept encompassing class identity . . . the structure of workers' social ties, and popular perceptions of the Maoist past" (27). Within each of 2the four regions, one representative city was then selected as the focus of research.


With the process of development from elite education to mass education,then to universal education of higher education in China,Chinese universities should focus on the sustained,comprehensire and harmonious development of students,adhere to the student-oriented principles and actively construct the working patterns of students involving the concepts of education,management,service and development,aiming to develop the students' talents.


It is reasonable that logistics organizational culture in universities must be connected with university culture and organizational culture. As for the logistics organizational culture in universities, its conception, thinking and culture must adapt the requirement of era. In order to offer a healthy cultural circumstance for the university's innovation and development, it is necessary to unite our thinking and form our own organizational culture, which needs the management conception of" tone up our ability inner, cultivate our image outer, people oriented, service foremost, seek verily and do practice, teachers and students primacy". The logistics organizational culture must integrate the practice together, and insist the conception of "three ways to serve people, three ways to educate people", study while research, exploration while practice; combine the theory with practice perfectly. The logistics is rather a career than science. Therefore, in order to help the university's logistics developing healthily, it is necessary that form our own characteristic of logistics organizational culture in universities, on the innovational way of university's logistics..


The problem of learning from noisy and high dimensional data is an important challenge that has received much attention in the modern machine learning and statistics literature. These problems arise in numerous applications: large scale collaborative filtering, learning gene regulatory networks and genome wide association studies to name a few. This thesis focuses on understanding the statistical and computational aspects of finding and leveraging structure in complex high-dimensional datasets. The main goal of this thesis is to show that exploiting the inherent structure of real datasets allows us to achieve statistical consistency in a variety of extremely noisy and high-dimensional problems. We begin with an empirical study of structure learning in discrete Markov Random Fields (MRFs) applied to learning statistical models from multiple sequence alignments (MSAs). Our main results show that despite the high dimensionality of the parameter space we are able to learn accurate and interpretable models by exploiting sparsity. However, sparsity is not the only notion of structure we can exploit. We then study the performance of spectral clustering on extremely noisy similarity matrices. Our main results establish the minimax rates for the clustering of certain hierarchically and flat (k-way) structured similarity matrices, and also establish rates for spectral clustering on these matrices. We continue with a study of bi-clustering, where the goal is to cluster both features and data points. We model this problem as a structured normal means problem and use minimax theory to characterize the tradeoffs between signal strength and computation. In both of these cases we show that exploiting our knowledge of the existence of a cluster structure allows us to reliably cluster much noisier problem instances. We then shift focus to the problem of learning the homology groups of manifolds from noisy samples. Once again our main results establish tight minimax rates under a variety of noise models. Here we show that by exploiting the (low-dimensional) manifold structure it is possible to learn its homology from relatively fewer samples under a variety of noise models. We finally turn our attention to the problem of high dimensional non-parametric canonical correlations analysis (CCA). We present two approaches to this problem, and establish theoretical properties of our estimators in the high dimensional setting. We conclude each chapter with a description of the proposed work and future research directions.


walk away capability. PAHs are environmental pollutants containing two or more fused aromatic rings. These have been identified in a wide range of food matrices worldwide originating with a variety of anthropogenic and natural sources. A recent review has summarized analytical methods and trends in food and beverages [1]. Due to the complexity of foodstuff matrices, traditional sample preparation procedures have involved a three-step process including saponification, liquid-liquid extraction, and cleanup by chromatography or solid-phase extraction. These purification procedures can also take time and copious amounts of solvents to complete, adding to the overall cost and time of the total analytical workflow. The addition of adsorbent material to the extraction cell along with the sample can instead produce extracts essentially free from interferences [2]. Flow-through extraction allows absorbents to be added directly to the extraction cell to remove interferences, for one-step extraction and cleanup (Fig. 1). Additionally, PAHs are known to decompose by photoirradiation and oxidaPolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mussel Tissue


This paper introduces the evolution, the current situation of administrative division about Xuancheng area in Anhuiprovince. Its influence to economic growth is asserted, and it also analyses the necessity and feasibility of changing administrativedivision. Depending on such research, the new scheme of administrative division is put forward.


As a widely used technology in the field of test and measurement, virtual instrument (VI) combines high-performance modular hardware with flexible software to perform a variety of experimental tasks. In order to perform the sound field test in laboratory, we build an specialized platform of VI, whose hardware system mainly consists of multi-channel data acquisition boards, independence analyzer, mechanical positioning device, and industrial personal computer equipped with PXI, GPIB, and Ethernet bus interface. Also, a graphical VI programming language (LabVIEW) is adopted to develop the corresponding software system. With this VI platform, we measure the impedance property of transducers and the sound field of a phased array composed of them. The results show that the transducers are positioned correctly by the mechanical positioning device, the excitation time of every transducer of the phased array is controlled accurately, and finally a set of high-quality waveforms are acquired.


ABSTRACT Loboixys ryukyuensis, a new genus and species of the family Notodelphyidae, is described based on females living in the compound ascidian Diplosoma virens (Hartmeyer). The host was collected on the coral reef in Okinawa, Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Among notodelphyids, most of which are associated with compound ascidians, the new copepod closely resembles, in morphology, species of Doroixys Kerschner, 1879. In comparison with all known species of Doroixys and two other allied notodelphyid genera, this copepod can be assigned to a new genus on the basis of the following characters: the inflated body is lobed, the antennule is indistinctly 7-segmented, the labrum has four lobes, the fifth leg consists of one inner seta and a 2-segmented outer lobe with one seta, and the setiferous caudal ramus is extremely reduced.


A large number of European countries still cope with historically high unemployment rates. One line of research that has been followed to explain European unemployment and the differences among European countries is the impact labour market institutions. One important channel through which labour market institutions may affect unemployment is the responsiveness of wages to unemployment, commonly referred to as (real) wage flexibility. It has been shown that cross-country differences in labour market institutions can account for differences in wage flexibility, but there is not any consistent econometric work that explores the relationship between changes in labour market institutions and wage flexibility over time within countries. This is the issue addressed in this paper. Wage flexibility is defined as the coefficient on unemployment in a 'bargaining-augmented' wage equation, explaining (real) wage growth. We investigate the role of unemployment benefits in determining the degree of (real) wage flexibility. To this end we estimated a wage equation in a time-varying parameter framework for five core EMU countries. In Italy the unemployment benefit system is very limited. For the four other countries, the results show that, except for Belgium, wage flexibility is not related in a significant way to the generosity of the unemployment benefit system. This insight runs counter to the conclusions offered by cross-section studies. We therefore tentatively conclude that we should not be too optimistic about the effect of reform of the unemployment benefit system on wage flexibility and that such reform – in order to be really effective– should be radical.


This study aims to elucidate the impact of inequality level in the middle-class income distribution on Indonesia's economic growth by using the 2004-2012 national socioeconomic survey data (Susenas) and 2008 Input-Output Table. The results of the 20-year GDP data estimation show that the value of Marginal Propensity to Consume (MPC) is 0.779 which means that 77.9 percent of income is utilised for consumption. Analysis results using I-O Table found that the inequality level of income distribution at the national level is higher than that in the middle-class level. This applies to both middle-class criteria used in this study; (1) income criteria USD10-USD100, and (2) criteria of 60% in the middle percentile (between 20 to 80 percentiles). In the province, income distribution inequality between the provincial level and the middle-class level is relatively varied as illustrated by the highest Gini index value that doubled the lowest Gini index. Analysis results also show that the increas in income of the middle-class has an impact on the increase of consumption, but has no significant influence on economic growth. The 20% increase in middle-class income can only boost economic growth by less than 1 percent. This suggests that the output changes in response to the shifts happening in the middle-class income are not flexible. From the two middle-class criteria used, the first criterion is not suitable for Indonesia because of the fluctuating exchange rates which cause the middle-class to fluctuate and to widen.


The relevance of the topic of personnel management in local self-government is due to the need for optimal use of human resources to achieve sustainable socio-economic development of territories. The aim of this study is to identify factors influencing the effectiveness of personnel in local self-government and to develop personnel management strategies to increase staff productivity. The study used methods of analysis of scientific literature and a survey of employees of local self-government. The results showed that for successful personnel management in local self-government, both material and non-material factors such as respect, recognition, and opportunities for professional and personal development must be considered. It is recommended to use a comprehensive approach to personnel management, including creating a favorable working environment, developing corporate culture, training and development of employees, as well as transparent systems for evaluation and stimulation of achieving goals.


It is the need of the times to build a"double-track system"for ordinary and vocational education's development and establish an interchange education system for talents.This paper voices some ideas about how to develop an open vocational education and how to establish an interchange education system for varied talents.


Brand equity has been highlighted as a crucial element in differentiating products and achieving competitive advantage. Recent studies reflect the gradual rise in interest in the importance of building brand equity linked to the store. However, empirical evidence about the antecedents of store brand equity is still scarce, particularly on the retailer's corporate social responsibility behavior. This chapter aims to analyze the influence of the retailer's commitment to sustainable development (RCSD) and the credibility of the retailer's communications on the overall store brand equity. Focusing on two samples of hypermarket customers in France and Spain, the findings provide evidence on the importance of the RCSD regarding employees, society, and environment, as well as the effectiveness of credible communications to generate store brand equity. Results are consistent for France and Spain.


The purpose of this study is to see the effect of PER and Dividend Yield on banking stock prices in 2020. The method used in this study is a quantitative type using secondary data using a target population of 44, while for the determination of the population of the Non-Sampling type. The probability is 16 and the analysis used is SPSS version 22. The results in this study found that PER partially has no effect on share prices, dividend yield partially has no effect on price Shares, PER and Dividend Yield simultaneously have no effect on Stock Prices.


In this Letter, we present a cylindrical conformal holographic impedance metasurface for orbital angular momentum (OAM) generation. The conformal holographic metasurface is designed by establishing the element library and deducing the formula of holographic tensor impedance modulation. The feasibility of the scheme is verified by simulations and experiments. Simulated and experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical analysis. The results show that OAM vortex wave energy can be generated efficiently by a cylindrical conformal impedance metasurface, which can provide a reference for OAM communication and vortex radars with conformal devices.


Being a primary school teacher, the author of the article is concerned with the problem of moral upbringing of children. The article reveals the fragment of life of L. Tolstoy that illustrates the educational experience of the writer.


Consider for a random walk on a group, the order from most to least likely element of the walk at each step, called the likelihood order. Up to periodicity issues, this order stabilizes after a sufficient number of steps. Here discrete Fourier analysis and the representations of the symmetric group, particularly formulas for the characters, are used to find the order after sufficient time for the random walks on the symmetric group generated by $p$-cycles for any $p$ fixed, $n$ sufficiently large. For the transposition walk, generated by all the $2$-cycles, at various levels of laziness, it is shown that order $n^2$ steps suffice for the order to stabilize.  Likelihood orders can aid in finding the total variation or separation distance mixing times.


In this article we briefly review the molecular exciton theory and apply it to photosynthetic light harvesting systems. We derive expressions for exciton relaxation rates using perturbation theory in Hilbert space representation and show how the Forster equation can be obtained from a general relaxation rate expression in case of well localized excitons. A detailed analysis of the exciton level structure and wavefunctions of the ring structure is presented for diagonal and nondiagonal disorder. We conclude that the latter plays only a minor role in light-harvesting systems. We emphasize the relaxation rate dependency on square of the energy gap, which makes the high frequency modes particularly important for the exciton relaxation. We found a reasonably good agreement between the measured and calculated relaxation rates in photosynthetic purple bacteria.


Influences of a thin In0.32Ga0.68As layer on the structural and optical properties of self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in an InAl(Ga)As matrix, which was lattice-matched to an InP substrate, were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. AFM and TEM images showed that the size of QDs grown on a thin In0.32Ga0.68As layer was increased, with a reduction in size fluctuation compared to that of QDs on an InAl(Ga)As layer. The shape of the QD was also more isotropic, indicating that the QD would be closer to an ideal zero-dimensional system. The PL peak position of the InAs QDs grown on a 1.5 nm In0.32Ga0.68As layer was 1.55 μm, with linewidth broadening of 64 meV that was somewhat narrower than those of the QD samples without the In0.32Ga0.68As layer, which agreed well with the AFM and TEM results.


This paper presents a model describing the evolution of preferences as a stochastic process. These preferences are represented by weak orders, i.e., rankings with possible ties, on a set of alternatives, and can be modified under the influence of 'tokens' of information delivered by the environment according to a stochastic mechanism. the parameters of this mechanism can be estimated from the data and are descriptive of the environment. the potential effect of a token is to move an alternative up or down in an agent's ranking. Attitude change is modeled by the stepwise transitions between the weak orders, which takes the form of a Markov process. The model permits exact predictions (up to a small number of parameters) of panel data in which the judges have been required to repeatedly evaluate the alternatives at items t1,...,tn. An illustrative application of this model is described in a companion paper (Regenwetter, Falmagne and Grofman, 1995.) That illustration uses NES Thermometer (Rating) data on the 1992 presidential candidates.


At the beginning of the twenty-first century, when Ireland and Britain are 'offshore islands' of an ostensibly ever-deepening European Union, it is, perhaps, relatively easy to overlook that imperial stage upon which both Irish partition in 1920 and the Anglo-Irish settlement of 1921 were enacted. Yet without this wider context, these momentous decisions are impossible to understand fully. Current questions about whether Ireland has essentially been a colony will inevitably continue to be debated, but the imperial circumstances of these events remain inescapable and essential to a full appreciation of the mindset of the leading participants in these affairs.


This article argues that recent scholarly attempts to prescribe creative agency to a user subject rarely consider how the user functions in a broader legal and cultural context. I suggest that the user is a complex subject defined by various cultural and legal discourses, following a critical body of scholarship that calls for a more nuanced approach to the issue of user production. I show how the user-a term often treated neutrally in the user production literature-is a subject that is already defined by extant legal discourses like copyright. This argument is developed in a detailed analysis of Canadian copyright law and the Copyright Modernization Act, a reform to Canadian copyright law, which attempted to address the phenomenon of user production. These examples show the user is embroiled in a broader set of creative politics where being defined as a user or an author can have commercial implications. I suggest greater specificity and qualification around the role and scope of the user is needed in future scholarship examining the phenomenon of user production.


Courts, brokers and brokerage in the medieval Mediterranean / Marc von der Hoh, Nikolas Jaspert, Jenny Oesterle -- Jews at the Mongol court in Iran : cultural brokers or minor actors in a cultural boom? / Reuven Amitai -- The emergence of an Islamic culture in early Abbasid Iraq : the role of non-Arab contributions / Wolfram Drews -- Missionaries as cultural brokers at the Fatimid court in Cairo / Jenny Oesterle -- Trujamanes and scribes : interpreting mediation in Iberian royal courts / Ana Echevarria -- Love without borders : Jewish and Muslim paramours in 13th and 14th century Castile / Barbara Schlieben -- Mendicants, Jews and Muslims at court in the Crown of Aragon : social practice and inter-religious communication / Nikolas Jaspert -- Experts, border-crossers and cultural brokers : the knowledge of Islam and contacts to Islamic cultures at the Curia in the 15th century / Claudia Martl -- Muslim embassies in Renaissance Venice : the framework of an intercultural dialogue / Marc von der Hoh -- Cultural brokers in relation with the Byzantine court in the later 14th and 15th centuries / Sebastian Kolditz -- The vice-chancellors of the Hospitallers on Rhodes / Jurgen Sarnowsky -- Cultural brokers at the court of Lusignan Cyprus / Nicholas Coureas -- Jews, Christians and Muslims in the Middle Ages / Michael Borgolte.


Recognition of expressions from speech has emerged as an important research area in the recent past. However, the scientific community still faces problems in differentiating between angry and lombard speech. The objective of this work is to analyze the differences between the Lombard and angry speech using the features representing the excitation source of speech production. The instantaneous fundamental frequency, the strength of excitation and loudness measure, reflecting the sharpness of the impulse-like excitation around the epochs are used as excitation source features. The distributions curves of these three parameters are next plotted. We employ the concept of Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) and KL divergence (a measure of relative entropy) to calculate an exact measure of difference between angry, lombard and neutral speech with context to the aforementioned parameters and successfully show differences among the Lombard and angry speech signals at the excitation source level.


The whole object of human resource management is to secure from the employees maximum performance in terms of the predetermined objective. Human being has got unlimited tremendous potential to achieve anything in the world. For this the employee should be committed, motivated and should have high morale. How does one, therefore, get this commitment from an individual employee towards organizational goals. We know that human beings have certain needs craving satisfaction on the job. In this regard it has been found that in today's fast changing technological advancement, execution of strategies to achieve organizational goals cannot be fulfilled only through motivation. What is required in this cutting age competition to stay formally in the market is to follow the concept of "employee empowerment". It is basically giving more power to the employee to take his decision himself. This is the need of the corporate world today. By adopting to this concept the top managers can insure not only progress and stability in the enterprise but also can devote their valuable time in an energy to in enhance further growth and give new vision for the all round development. The employee empowerment is a new concept and the corporate world is slowly accepting its importance and the concept is getting its root deeper in the competitive corporate business world.


This article uses a laboratory experiment to examine the question of whether justice and fairness are different motivational forces in the dictator game. ''Justice'' and ''fairness'' are often used interchangeably because their meanings and usages are so closely linked, despite their distinct connotations. Using four different treatments, our experimental design investigates the subtle differences between the two social concepts to explicate generosity in the dictator game. The results indicate that justice, not fairness, legitimizes property rights in the dictator game.


The invention falls within the field of welding. Welding device more optical fibers end to end by webs in a common welding plane, each fiber 31 having a stripped portion and a clad portion, comprising: a. a welding torch microplasma vertical axis 40, and moving means thereof in said sample plane; b. a holding block 39 provided with a plurality of parallel grooves for positioning stripped portions of the fibers, a relief 42 in the vicinity of said welding plane, and a plasma gas of the delay chamber 43 disposed below said clearance and connected thereto; and c. the gripping members of the sheathed portions of the fibers, characterized in that said gripping members are constituted by brackets 11, 12 provided with a plurality of parallel grooves for positioning optical fibers, associated with means 13, 14 setting a positive pressure difference between the upper part and the lower part of the fibers, as well as means 15, 16 of translation parallel to the axes of the optical fibers (fig. 3). welding Application of optical fibers.


We argue for music's power in promoting adult learning about democracy and social justice. Drawing from the literature and our own experiences conducting and studying music, we focus on community choirs to illustrate how the unique properties and experience of music can awaken personal creativity, reclaim voices, encourage wide and inclusive participation, and provoke radical visions of an alternate world. We describe examples of music used as a pedagogy for community building and critical education. Then we link these to social justice, examining the relation of music and particularly community choirs to activism and solidarity learning. We conclude with recommendations for educators interested in exploring musical expression and participation with learners.


Objective To investigate whether the release of fibroblast growth factor-1 ( FGF-1 ) was changed after inhibition of S100A13 gene (small hairpin RNA, shRNA)and serum-deprivation in human thyroid cancer cells (TT cells ). Methods The S100A13-shRNA pENTRTM/U6 entry vector was transfected into TT cells. The expression of S100A13 mRNA and protein was detected by immunoflurescence, real-time RT-PCR, and Western blot. Then TT cells were treated with S100A13 gene inhibition and serum-deprivation. The changes in release of FGF-1 were detected by indirect immunoflurescence, RT-PCR, and ELISA. Results S100A13 shRNA transfected TT cells (S100A13 RNAi cells)had a reduction of S100A13 gene and protein expression by 80%.Indirect immunofluorescence indicated FGF-1 was mostly localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus of TT cells in primary culture. When serum-deprivation stress was given to TT cells, FGF-1 in cytoplasm almost disappeared in the cells at 6 h. RT-PCR indicated that when serum-deprivation stress was given to TT cells the mRNA of FGF-1 was reduced. ELISA showed that with inhibition of S100A13, the release of FGF-1 was reduced (P<0.05).Conclusion S100A13-shRNA pENTRTM/U6 entry vector transfected TT cells may inhibit the expression of S100A13 and reduce the release of FGF-1.

Key words:
Thyroid cancer;  TT cells;  S100A13 gene;  Fibroblast growth factor-1


Improvisation is an essential aspect of Indian music and Indian culture. It is evident not only in music but in the other arts, literature, and in the folk tradition. Improvisation is a continuous process that has flourished from the past to the present in India.


We propose a prototype for displaying news media search results on a tablet device. The Infinite Canvas is intended to enrich the search experience by allowing users to take advantage of spatial relationships in a digital environment to understand connections between news articles. We describe how search results can appear along an X and Y axis. We present the results of evaluations of both the initial prototype and a revised prototype with participants using a tablet in order to (i) better understand user interaction through the completion of tasks and (ii) test assumptions regarding the display of search results by time, relevancy and popularity. Participants responded positively to the infinite canvas, and provided various suggestions for future iterations, which we discuss.


One of the most important pieces of equipment used in labs in culturing populations of fruit flies (Drosophila sp.) is that of the "CO2 gas plate", which is used to anesthesize individuals during "fly-pushing". This piece of equipment consists of a box with a porous top into which carbon-dioxide is pumped. Flies placed on its surface are left immobilized, permitting the sorting, categorizing and/or counting of flies during population culturing and experimental assays. Unfortunately, commercially available gas plates are typically expensive. Here, we describe a new design for a gas plate that can be easily produced using a 3D printer and a laser cutter, which we are making freely available to the fly community.


The results of a randomized comparison study (N9741) showed that oxaliplatin and infusional fluorouracil (FU) (FOLFOX) was superior to the previous standard of care in the United States, irinotecan and bolus FU (IFL), as first‐line therapy for patients with metastatic colon carcinoma. The trade‐offs between costs and survival for these two regimens have not been explored.


Aiming at the problem of insufficient development of electric vehicle charging facilities due to the rapid development of clean energy vehicle technology, an electric vehicle charging station with multiple energy conversion including electricity and heat, a multi-energy micro-grid model and its optimal scheduling strategy are proposed. Based on the above background, first study the input and output characteristic models of electric and thermal energy. Then, with the multi-energy micro-grid operating cost as the minimum goal, a model of multi-energy micro-grid coordination and optimization of electric vehicle charging stations is established, and the variable particle swarm algorithm is used to solve the problem. Finally, based on the data of the operation of a multi-energy micro-grid in a city in my country, a simulation model of the multi-micro-grid optimization operation of electric vehicle charging stations is established. The simulation results show that this paper proposes a multi-energy micro-grid that considers the charging and discharging of a large number of electric vehicles in different scenarios. Optimized operation model, the charging station has a certain peak-shaving capacity on the grid under the premise of charging the EV.


iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have had great support and guidance throughout my graduate work. Thomas Peters has been a great research advisor and has been a huge help in guiding me through this process. The wonderful frac sand team has been helpful in setting up sampling locations and providing valuable feedback. I would like to thank Nicole Grosland and Peter Thorne for being a part of my defense committee. I am appreciative of my lab group for providing constructive feedback, helping out coding MATLAB, and lending a helping hand when it was needed. My family and friends have been extremely supportive during my graduate work. My parents David and Annette Grant who have continuously encouraged me to keep working hard and reminding me there is an end even when I could not see it. I would like to thank my friends and Deirdre Encke for helping me unwind after difficult days at the lab, or after the long road trips to Wisconsin. None of this would not have been possible without great research funding. ABSTRACT Silica sand is used in the hydraulic fracturing process as a proppant—a material that holds open fissures in a rock formation to allow oil and gas to escape. Due to the increased demand for proppant sand, numerous sand mining and processing facilities have been constructed in the vicinity of small communities. Silica sand contains crystalline silica, which can cause chronic health problems such as silicosis. This study monitored airborne particulate matter at residences within 800 m from the property line of facilities with active mining, processing, and/or transport. Real-time particulate air monitoring with automated acquisition of explanatory variables: sound and motion to detect transportation; and wind speed and direction to attribute measured PM concentrations to specific sources. The highest daily mean concentrations were 37.3 µg/m³ for PM10 and 14.5 µg/m³ for PM2.5, both of which are well below the EPA National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Using conditional probability plots of PM relative to wind direction elevated short-term (20 second) elevated concentrations were more likely to occur when the wind was blowing from the sand facility. These elevated concentrations occurred infrequently, ranging from 0% to 3% of the sampling time. This study did not measure crystalline silica specifically, but low PM concentrations were observed so crystalline silica is expected to be low. Since PM concentrations were low near the facilities, it can be concluded that these facilities …


Megallapithato, hogy Magyarorszag Europa kukoricatermeleseben jelentős szerepet jatszik, annak ellenere is, hogy az 1980-as evek kozepetől nem tart lepest a hazai termesatlagok novekedese az EU-15 tagallamanak atlagaval. A buza jelentősege kisebb, itt a leszakadas az 1990-es evek elejen kezdődott. A termesat-lagok jelentősen ingadoznak. A termeles meghatarozo regioi: Eszak- es Del-Alfold, Del-Dunantul. A fedezeti termesatlag evről evre novekedett. A vizsgalt időszakban a buzat a fő regiokban tamogatasok nelkul is sikerult – jellemzően a 26 AK-nal jobb minősegű foldeken – nyeresegesen termelni. A buzatermeles ege-szere igaz, hogy a vizsgalt teruletek mindegyiken eredmennyel termelhető, a mel-lektermek koltsegcsokkentő, valamint a tamogatasok jovedelemnovelő hatasat figyelembe veve. Eszak- es Kozep-Magyarorszagon jellemzően csak tamogatassal jovedelmező a kukoricatermeles. A tamogatasok jelentősen javitanak a jovedelmi helyzeten, de Nyugat-Magyarorszag atlag alatti es Kozep-Magyarorszag gyenge minősegű teruletein meg igy sem varhato eredmenyes gazdalkodas. - Hungary can be said to play a significant role in Europe's corn production, de-spite the fact that since the mid-1980s, increases in domestic production averages cannot be said to have kept pace with the EU-15 member states' average. Wheat is less significant and its collapse began at the start of the 1990s. Production averages fluctuate significantly. The regions that determine production are the North and South Plains, and southern Transdanubia. The collateral production average has grown year on year. In the period under examination wheat was profitably cultivated in the main regions – generally on land of higher quality than 26 AK (Gold Crowns) - even without subsidies. It is true for wheat production as a whole that it can be carried out successfully in all the areas examined, taking into account that the by-products reduce costs and that the subsidies increase income. It is characteristic of northern and central Hungary that only subsidised corn cultivation is profitable. Subsidies significantly improve the income situation, but in areas of below-average quality in western Hungary and those of poor quality in central Hungary, even this cannot be expected to result in successful farming.


There will be described an electric machine (1) having a rotor (3), a stator (5), a housing (7) and two end windings (17). Each of the winding heads (17) comprises a casting (19) of an electrically insulating material such as plastic, in the axial end regions of the stator windings (15) are sealed at face ends (6) of the stator (5). According to the invention between each casting (19) of the winding heads (17) and an adjacent area of the housing (7) mounted between an insulating paper (21). This insulating paper (21) can adhere preferably a material fit on the encapsulation (19) but not be materially with the casing (7), so that it can come to a mechanical decoupling between the encapsulation (19) and the housing (7). This can prevent that mechanical tensions between these components can occur, for example due to different thermal coefficients of expansion (7, 19).


Magnetron-based marine radar technology is mature, affordable, reliable, and very effective for maritime safety applications. Commercial systems may be procured at a modest cost as compared to fully coherent solid-state systems. Magnetron oscillators inherently generate random phase signals. Phase instability on a pulse-to-pulse basis impedes this class of marine radars from success in applications requiring coherency such as moving target indication (MTI) or in generating target imagery. This limitation may be overcome by incorporating radio frequency sampling and cross-correlation of the transmit and receive signal technology to augment the current capability of available systems. In this research, the pulse train on transmit and receive is correlated in order to reject interference and detect image targets. Sampling the transmit signal and target echo on receive permits fully coherent processing. Marine radars traditionally operate non-coherently, and as such, offer limited surveillance in clutter rich environments. In this study, the authors report on a non-coherent marine radar that has been modified to produce a pseudo-coherent or coherent-on-receive sensor system. This is crucial to MTI and target image formation. In laboratory experiments, they employed a magnetron oscillator-based system to generate an inverse synthetic aperture radar image. The image was formed using four different algorithms: filtered back-projection (FBP), time domain back-projection (TDBP), an algebraic reconstruction technique, and frequency domain back-projection. In their research, TDBP produces exquisite imagery of steel rods, and it is the standard developed in this study. FBP performed poorly as compared to all other algorithms.


This paper demonstrates the feasibility and advantages of using a self-organizing map (SOM)-type neural network classifier for electromagnetic target recognition. The classifier is supported by a novel feature extraction unit in which the Wigner distribution (WD), a time–frequency representation, is utilized for the extraction of natural-resonance-related energy feature vectors from scattered fields. The proposed target classification technique is tested for a set of canonical targets, displaying an excellent performance in terms of both real-time classification speed and accuracy, even in the presence of noisy data. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 21: 63–69, 1999.


With the development of network technology, network traffic classification technology plays an increasingly important role in network service and management. In terms of classify traffic flows, Support vector machine (SVM) has shown that more effective than traditional methods. However, classification accuracy will have different performance due to different features. Therefore, we proposed a new method to choose the best combination of features. Moreover, a novel SVM is proposed, which can eliminate the influence of noise on classification accuracy. Experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has a better and more stable performance.


This monograph, which is a revised version of Zeljko Boskovic's Ph.D. dissertation submitted to the University of Connecticut in 1995, is a collection of interesting and ambitious case studies in minimalist syntax with special attention to infinitival and participial complement constructions. The wide variety of proposals made in this monograph have consequences that are of both empirical and theoretical importance. In the discussion that follows, I will concentrate on some selection of the proposals made by Boskovic (mainly from Chapters 2-4) and discuss three topics: issues on categorial selection and the structure of clauses, correlations between thematic role assignment and syntactic structures and their consequences, and issues on there-constructions.


Review(s) of: Risk assessment and management for living well with dementia, by Clarke, C. L., Keady, J., Wilkinson, H., and Gibb, C. E. (2011), Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 128 pages, Paperback.


Six of the sites are on the chalk, a soft form of limestone which is abundant in the south of England, and represent different types of vegetation young grassland, old grassland, heath, juniper thicket, ash wood, beech wood and yew wood. The other sites are on different formations; one at Dungeness is on a bank of shingle near the sea; Horn Heath is on dry sandy grass land and heath; Broomhill Burrows in Pembroke, Wales, is on stabilised sand dunes by the sea, and Skomer Island, Pembroke, is on wet grassland and heath. Records are repeated at the same fixed points, be .cause that gives greater accuracy than would random sampling. Transects are marked out to cross the diff e rent types of vegetation at each site with iron posts at intervals of 100 feet (30 m). When the recording is done, .a measuring chain is laid down between the posts, and records are made at 10 feet, 30 feet, 50 feet, 70 feet and 90 feet in each hundred. At each distance a standard point quadrat frame, with ten points 2 in. (5 cm) apart, is placed at right angles to the chain, and each species which touches each point is listed; the height of the turf is measured. It has been found that by this method records .are repeated at the same spot without the interference .of any permanent mark, and that the plants are not .damaged.


The selectivity principle development is continuing in a scope of the program evolution conception. The thesis of a biotic systems limited openness is based. There are discussed the definitions of a nature selection, a microevolution and a phylogenesis in the article. The "microevolution complexity" and "phylogenesis complexity" notions are offered. The selectivity conception are developed as the every biosystems principle of an universal importance. A data bank formation about the evolution ideas history are advisable for the scientific succession optimization.


A simulation model that estimates individual health care spending as a function of the structure of indemnity-type insurance plans is presented. The behavioral models that form the basis for this work were developed as part of RAND's Health Insurance ...


Coeliac disease is a life-long disorder characterised by small-intestinal mucosal damage caused by gluten. The treatment, gluten-free diet, leads to mucosal restoration and reduces the risk of malignant and non-malignant complications. According to our recent results, cumulative incidence in Croatian children is 1:519 life-births. Coeliac disease presents early, mostly with typical symptoms. We investigated possible influences of breast-feeding duration and time of gluten introduction on such presentation of the disease. Study included coeliacs born in Medimurje between 1985 and 1994 (N = 31). Patients' adherence to treatment was also studied. Although short breast-feeding (mean 2.9 months) and early gluten introduction (mean 4.9 months) were shown, no correlation was found between those factors and time of the disease presentation. Concerning adherence to gluten-free diet, only 50% of patients maintained it strictly, 23% irregularly, while 27% were on normal diet. In order to improve it, regular follow-ups are recommended.


ABSTRACTBackground: The bone marrow has been considered as a main source for isolation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). They are still the most frequently investigated cell type and often identified as the gold standard. However, a similar cell population has been also isolated from other tissues such as adipose tissue. Unlike bone marrow, the adipose tissue is abundantly accessible source of stem cell that can give a good yield in culture.Aim of the work: Was isolation of the rat bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue MSCs (AD-MSCs) and assessing their growth kinetics.Material and Methods: The rat bone marrow and adipose tissue were isolated from 10 male adult albino rats and cultured and expanded through 6 passages. BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs biological characteristics evaluated for cell therapy (morphology, flow cytometric analysis, colony-forming unit-fibroblast assay, proliferation capacity at passages 2, 4 and 6, population doubling time (PDT) and cell growth curves).Results: BM-MSCs and AD-MSCs attached to the culture flask and displayed spindle-shaped morphology, more evident in AD-MSCs. Proliferation rate of AD-MSCs in the analyzed passages was more than BM-MSCs. The increase in the PDT of both types of MSCs occurred with the increase in the number of passages.Conclusion: The rat AD- MSCs have growth kinetic advantages in the proliferative capacity, colony-forming unite fibroblast and population doubling time more than that of BM-MSCs. these advantages should be considered when choosing a stem cell source for specific clinical application.


Pyogenic granuloma is a common non-neoplastic soft tissue growth seen on a variety sites in the body including the oral cavity. It may also occur in pregnant subjects and is referred to as a granuloma gravidarum. Although the precise etio-pathogenesis is not established, it is regarded as a reactive lesion secondary to trauma or non-specific local irritation. Hormonal stimulation during puberty, pregnancy or oral contraceptive use may also be responsible. A variety of angiogenic factors may mediate exuberant endothelial proliferation. Mostly commonly it affects adolescents and young adults with preponderance in females. The most familiar site is anterior maxillary gingivae but may also affect the mandibular gingivae, lips, tongue and buccal mucosa. Conservative surgical excision is usually curative but recurrence is not unusual. Lasers and cryotherapy may also be employed. Granulam gravidarum, however, is best left untreated until parturition.


Methallibure prevents the onset ofpuberty and ovulation and inhibits pituitary gonadotrophic activity in 30-day-old rats (Walpole, 1968). The compound also reduces food intake (Benson & Zagni, 1965) and body weight in adult rats (Labhsetwar & Walpole, 1972). Restriction of food intake per se causes a deficiency in LH secretion in adult rats (Howland, 1971), but Labhsetwar & Walpole (1972) have shown that the reduction in pituitary and plasma LH produced by methallibure in adult spayed rats is not secondary to its effect on food intake. It is due, presumably, to a primary effect on the hypothalamohypophysial complex (Malven, 1971). In the present study, we explored the recurrence of delayed puberty in intact rats treated with methallibure (Ayerst). Twenty-eight-day-old female rats of Sprague-Dawley strain from the Charles River Company were housed under standard conditions of lighting (07.00 to 21.00 hours) and temperature (71 to 72\s=deg\F).One group, having free access to


African women delivering in the Maltese Islands are either regular or irregular migrants. The latter group presents significant socio-economic problems. Objective: This study sets out to compare the obstetric outcomes of African-nationals delivering in Malta to the general population. Study design: The obstetric data of three subgroups of women - those from the Maghreb region; the sub-Saharan and Horn of Africa; and the overall population registered for the Maltese Islands were obtained using the computerised National Obstetrics Information System. Results: Women from the sub-Saharan regions were statistically younger than those from the Maghreb region or the general population. African women from both regions were more likely to be multiparous; and were more likely to have experienced a previous perinatal loss. The multiple pregnancy rates were significantly higher in both African groups. Women from the sub-Saharan region were more likely to suffer from sexual and blood-borne infections. African women had lower obstetric intervention rates but higher operative deliveries. Infants born to African women were more likely to be premature and of low birth weight. Conclusion: Women originating from the African continent particularly from the sub-Saharan regions present socio- biological and cultural differences which can contribute towards adverse obstetric and perinatal outcomes.


In this article we report the most important results about the evaluation of TR-XLPE cables after an accelerated aging process under multiple stresses: temperature, AC voltage, impulse voltages and humidity. This work was developed at the Simon Bolivar University High Voltage Laboratory, Venezuela. 15 kV cables were subjected to thermal cycles between 55 - 130/spl deg/C, 26 kV AC voltage and (+/-) 88 kV impulse voltages applied periodically. The cables were aged in a duct filled with water. Dissipation factor and permittivity were evaluated periodically. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), crosslinked percentage, crystallinity and tree formations were evaluated periodically in a radial direction across the thickness of the samples and longitudinally along the cable. The most important observation was the increment in the dissipation factor after impulse applications and their corresponding reduction after thermal cycles. Important changes in DSC and considerable loss of crosslinked reticulation percentage, mainly in the region near the conductor and the termination zone, were detected. This research makes evident the nonuniformity of the properties according to the radial and longitudinal position. This is a result of different thermal-electric stress across the thickness and in the termination area. In consequence, at these points multiple stresses lead to premature degradation.


Abstract Populations of Henslow's Sparrows (Ammodramus henslowii) are declining, and loss of habitat is a likely factor. Coal mine reclamation has created grassland habitat in Kentucky and elsewhere, and information is needed concerning the use of these areas by Henslow's Sparrows. We compared the behavior and ecology of populations on reclaimed sites and non-mined sites in west-central Kentucky during the 2000 and 2001 breeding seasons. Territories were smaller on the reclaimed sites than unmined sites, perhaps due to differences in habitat quality. Insect sweeps revealed more prey biomass on reclaimed sites than unmined sites. Twenty-eight of 48 nests (58%) fledged at least one young, and nesting success was similar on reclaimed and unmined sites. Mean clutch size was 3.75, with no difference between reclaimed and unmined sites. Similarly, the mean number of fledglings per nest was similar on reclaimed and unmined sites. Multivariate analysis revealed differences in the characteristics of vegetation on reclaimed areas and unmined areas. Reclaimed areas had more grass cover and greater vegetation density, probably due to differences in management history (i.e., mowing or burning) and species composition. Our results indicate that the nesting success of Henslow's Sparrows on reclaimed surface mines in Kentucky is comparable to that on unmined areas. As such, the thousand of hectares of reclaimed surface mines in Kentucky and elsewhere could play an important role in stabilizing populations of Henslow's Sparrows.


Mixers are frequency conversion devices that are widely used in radio applications. This article presents an in-depth theoretical study on the parametric mixing and amplification performance of the time-varying transmission lines (TVTLs) and utilizes the concept to design two TVTL parametric mixers on a commercially available InGaP HBT process. Unlike traditional passive mixers, these parametric mixers can provide a mild conversion gain and achieve a relatively low-noise figure. For the traveling-wave TVTL, the theory of the parametric mixing with the single-sideband condition is reviewed and compared with the double-sideband mixing case. The noise performance analysis shows that the noise figure of the TVTL can be made arbitrarily low to the quantum noise limit through the input reactive termination. The theory serves as a guideline for the design of MMIC parametric mixers. Measurement results have shown that the MMIC traveling-wave TVTL can achieve a maximum of 2.1-dB conversion gain. The mean noise figure was 2.7 dB within the measured frequency band. For the reflective TVTL parametric mixer, the conversion gain and the pump power consumption can be significantly improved. The noise figure, however, is degraded due to the multiple reflections created in the matching circuit. These conclusions are supported by theoretical analyses, ADS harmonic balance simulations, and experiments in this article.


A frustrated, effective 1 2 ?> -filled band Hubbard–Heisenberg model has been proposed for describing the strongly dimerized charge-transfer solid families κ-(ET)2X and Z[Pd(dmit)2]2. In addition to showing unconventional superconductivity, these materials also exhibit antiferromagnetism, candidate spin-liquid phases, and, in the case of Z=EtMe3P, a spin-gapped phase that has sometimes been referred to as a valence bond solid. We show that neither superconductivity nor the valence bond order phase occurs within the Hubbard–Heisenberg model. We suggest that a description based on 1 4 ?> -filling, that is reached when the carrier concentration per molecule instead of per dimer is considered, thus may be appropriate.


In this paper, we analyze capacity and power scaling in multihop cooperative AF relay networks. An analytical framework for this task is developed by drawing a correspondence between random Fibonacci sequences and the end-to-end multihop system model. It turns out, the exponential growth rate of these interesting sequences can be employed to establish scaling laws, from which we conclude that it is possible to construct multihop cooperative AF networks that simultaneously avoid 1) exponential capacity decay and 2) exponential transmit power growth across the network. This is done by ensuring the network's Lyapunov exponent (a key observable studied in random dynamical system theory) is zero, which can be achieved by appropriately selecting the amplification factors at each of the relay nodes. Our results apply to both fixed-gain and variable-gain relaying. To conclude our work, we demonstrate the presented theory through numerical simulations.


The paper starts with the role of the Romanian fiscal and budgetary reform in the development and economical growth and has as purpose to emphasize the essential problems: the harmonization and fiscal coordination from the E.U. perspective; the Romanian fiscal and budgetary perspectives for period 2007-2009.


The detection of buried landmines is an important problem in regions where an army conflict has occurred. In particular, antipersonnel plastic mines cannot be detected with classical techniques, such as metal detectors. So a very promising detection technique based on a thermal model of the soil is applied to detect this kind of mines, in which infrared (IR) images of the soil are used. The core of this technique is the solution of the heat transfer process in the soil and at the soil-air interface, which is a very time consuming process. To overcome this problem we propose an analog circuit which can solve the equations that model the system reducing time cost by taking advantage of the inherent massive parallelism of the circuit. The description of the equations is made with VHDL--AMS and then an automatic synthesis tool generates a circuit which solves the equations.


A new tellurium polyoxomolybdate hydrate (NH4)2K2TeMo6O22·2H2O was synthesized via the hydrothermal reaction method at 190 °C. The compound crystallizes in a one-dimensional tellurium polymolybdate [TeMo6O22]4− chain structure. The anionic polymeric chain is composed of Mo6O22 hexamers bridged together through sharing four corner oxygen atoms on the electron lone-paired TeO4 group. The Mo6O22 hexamer cluster is assembled from six distorted MoO6 octahedra in an edge-sharing manner. The ammonium and potassium cations distribute around the [TeMo6O22]4− chains and separate them from each other and maintain the charge balance. The thermal stability and optical properties of the compound were also investigated. The optical absorption data reveal that the compound is a wide band semiconductor with an optical band gap of 3.4 eV.


Providing an oxygen saturation measuring sensor which can improve the reliability of the different parts of the information depths. Common center in the pad which can be pasted into the human body, a plurality of light sources for irradiating near infrared rays while positioned adjacent separated state to the pad, adjacent in the separated state to the pad and the innermost among the plurality of light sources was placed so as to correspond to a plurality of light sources and one-to-one basis, a plurality of light receiving elements for receiving the transmitted light from a corresponding plurality of light sources, stored as a reference value by measuring the transmitted light by pre phantom together comprising a ROM unit for storing the received light amount of the transmitted light received by the plurality of light receiving elements.


This research analyses the creation and use of online diagnostic tests to assess the linguistic competence of students at City University London. It examines the choices and approaches to designing this type of test and the effectiveness of the whole assessment process. Moreover, it highlights the importance of creating assessments testing the way learners mainly construct their knowledge regardless of the discipline or subject assessed. Finally the study recommends for the design of online assessments not to be led by the technology but to test the approaches learners use to map their own knowledge.


If there is one thing that unites the main parties in the forthcoming election, it is how they can overcome the widespread disaffection and disenchantment felt by many voters. Minority parties such as Ukip and the Green Party have capitalised on this disconnect to exploit the sense of antipathy felt by many that the big three are all the same. As the political landscape has changed and a more diverse and congested electoral battleground has emerged, campaign managers and spin doctors are refining their media strategies. In particular, they are planning to court local media as much as national media. Campaign managers have always built local media coverage into their battle plans, alongside the set-piece speeches, manifesto launches, television debates and rallies geared towards a national audience. The difference now is that local and regional newspapers are key targets in the mass political charm offensive. This is partly a strategic response to the damaging perception that the electorate sees them as an out-of-touch Westminster elite. One way of addressing this cynicism is to connect their policy pledges to local issues in local communities. The best vehicle for this is the local media, which they see not only as lacking the bias of national titles but also better informed about the issues that matter to their readers, and therefore voters. We had a taste of this new strategy during the byelection in Rochester and Strood, an acrimonious and bitterly contested fight. Within days of the defection of the Conservative MP Mark Reckless to Ukip and the news


Reinvesting in Africa during the years of embargo was the first step in al Qaddafi's Libyan strategy to break its international isolation (1992-1999). After the suspension of the embargo, Libya's foreign policy aimed at restoring economic and political ties with the West.But post-embargo Libya is also facing the rise of a large African migration, the result of Libyan diplomacy to reinvest in Africa. Traditionally considered a receiving country, Libya is now becoming a land of emigration.The study of migration to (and from) Libya offers an illustration of the way a southern Mediterranean country - and a former rogue state – puts it to use in the field of diplomacy, especially in its relations with the European Union. Meanwhile, Libya has to deal with the political and social challenge of African migrations. How migratory movements not only affect Libyan diplomacy but also reflect the domestic situation is what this paper is about.


The Global Financial Crisis has its origins in the surge in banking liquidity, which contributes to the volatility and instability of financial markets by affecting prices of financial instruments. This paper investigates the impact of banking liquidity, money supply and stock prices in ASEAN-3 economies. Although banking liquidity is widely attributed as one of the causes of financial instability, it is not fully verified or investigated despite earlier research attempts. The transmission channel of banking liquidity to banking credit is through net present value projects of firms. With higher net present value, this will support earnings and consequently share prices of firms will respond positively. This is the thesis statement of our paper and according to a major study, 52% of share returns emanate from macro-economic variables. To control for cross-section dependence and heterogeneity, this study use a panel data of 3 similar countries with 3 equations to study the relationship between money supply, liquidity and share prices over the period 2001:4 to 2012:2. Our findings show that banking liquidity is positively related to money supply with a positive impact on share prices.


Production of high-order harmonics excited by high-intensity laser pulses is a promising tool for the generation of coherent, extreme ultraviolet radiation. Properties of such radiation source are strongly affected by temporal and spatial behavior of the driving laser pulses. In this work we describe the generation of high-order harmonics using multi-cycle and few-cycle laser pulses; the nonlinear process is characterized as a function of focusing geometry and driving pulse duration; numerical simulations of harmonic generation are compared to experimental results, allowing to single out the unique properties that arise using driving pulses in the few-optical-cycle regime.


The kinetics of the acid hydrolysis of N-methyl-N-nitroso-p-toluenesulfonamide (MNTS) were studied in media containing different cationic micellar aggregates (lauryltrimethylammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The results were interpreted in terms of the pseudo-phase model. The model takes into account the formation of both β-CD–surfactant and β-CD–MNTS complexes. The presence of β-CD has no effect on existing micelles but raises the cmc. Complexation of surfactant by β-CD makes the cmc dependent on β-CD concentration because the cmc is now the sum of the concentrations of free and complexed surfactant when micelles begin to form. At surfactant concentrations above the cmc, competition between the micellization and complexation processes leads to the existence of a significant concentration of free cyclodextrin. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This thesis deals with juvenile crime, typical forms and reasons of criminality and importance of prevention and resocialization of the youth to the society on perpetration. The first part of this thesis includes description of the basic concepts, characteristics and forms of criminality, definition of legislation and basic forms of impacts on punishment of adolescents. The following main part is focused on prevention and intervention. In the last part I will analyse some cases of the probation and resocialization programme.