1. Soybean oils, having the peroxide value of 10 and 290 respectively, were heated at 250°C under a stream of nitrogen. Volatile substances coming therefrom were caught in a trap cooled by dry ice-acetone, and then identified by gas chromatography. There were very little decomposition products from the soybean oil of the peroxide value of 10, most of which was hydrocarbons, contaminated with a small amount of carbonyls. As for the hydrocarbons, contents of olefins were higher than saturated hydrocarbons. In the case of the soybean oil of the peroxide value of 290, decomposition occurred mostly at an earlier stage of heating. The amount of decomposition products was much higher than that of the soybean oil of lower peroxide value. The gas chromatogram of the decomposition products at an earlier stage of heating was similar to that of thermal oxidation, and had large peaks due to n-pentane, propionic aldehyde and capronic aldehyde. The gas chromatogram of the decomposition products of the higher peroxide value soybean oil at later stage of heating was similar to that of the lower peroxide value soybean oil.2. Volatile substances produced by heating safflower oil and olive oil in a stream of air at 250°C were identified by gas chromatography. As a result, some sorts of hydrocarbons and carbonyls were found in these volatile products, and their quantitative proportions were found to differ in accordance with the kind and quantity of fatty acids composing these oils-safflower, olive and soybean oil.3. The quantitative proportions of these compounds in the volatile decomposition products obtained from these vegetable oils by heating at 250°C suggest that the decomposition of vegetable oil by heating at such high temperatures as 250°C is accompanied firstly by the formation of hydroperoxides and then followed by their cleavages on either side of the carbon atom containing the hydroperoxide group.


In order to apply their computing knowledge to everyday situations, students first need to be able to identify those situations in which computing even plays a role. This task becomes increasingly difficult, however, as computing systems become more and more ubiquitous and invisible. Based on the analysis of 28 semi-structured focus interviews, we aim to develop a grounded theory of students' conceptions and reasoning related to this identification process. In this paper, we outline our motivation and study design.


To take up Professor Machlup's argument and analyze it in detail would mean in part to rehash the content of my papers which he quotes and in part to deal with extraneous issues. The main point I have raised has to do with the interpretation of quantity of capital as a time period of any sort. In this connection, Professor Machlup seems to me merely to substitute one phrase for another, "consumption distance" for "production period," and to assert or assume over and over, without attempting to show any connection, that the "distance" corresponds with and explains capital quantity. I deny that any such interval has practical significance or even determinate meaning. Passing over the case of a society in the course of liquidation, the interval by which production precedes consumption is either zero or infinity. It is zero for the production of final product (services) currently consumed, which production includes the maintenance of capital goods used, maintenance in turn including any replacements necessary. The interval is infinity, as regards the consumable product, for that "production" in which present services of productive agents are used to create new productive agents to be used in the future to produce consumable services. For, as Professor Machlup observes, it is a truism that the agents maintain themselves until they are liquidated, but he prefers to ignore the fact that, as capital, they are not liquidated short of a general liquidation of society. This means that the product-stream must be considered as perpetual. ("New productive agents" means an addition to the social total, a concept which cannot be accurately measured; but the accuracy of all economic planning for the future is limited to the accuracy with which it is estimated.) If in any instance the new capital good is taken as the product, the interval between any increment of productive outlay and its value result is again zero. Assuming that productive effort is intelligently applied, it results


conference research 1) Creating Innovative Sustainable Materials, 2) Structural BIM Integration, 3) 4D/5D BIM, 4) Virtual Testing Lab, 5) Innovative Construction Demolition, and 6) Carbon Footprint Analysis on Roadways. Construction Management students are the future driving forces of the construction industry advancement. The purpose of this research is to analyze the students' perception of the Building Information Modeling (BIM) application in the construction management program in a university. This study investigates five major aspects of students' perceptions toward a BIM application including, (1) the source of knowledge of BIM; (2) the perception of the BIM software applications with a level of competency; (3) the awareness level of BIM to get a job in the construction industry; (4) the perception of BIM-related jobs; the perception of the future of BIM in the construction industry; and (5) the importance of BIM education within the CM degree program and CM undergraduate capstone projects. Thus, this study conducted a survey with different levels of construction management students. Adopting the student population from Kennesaw State University as the case study, this research initiated a questionnaire-based approach followed by statistical analysis. The research from the student perspective would address perceptions of BIM implementation, especially construction management students' opinions related to BIM implementation and help to get feedback from industry opinion to implement into the curriculum. This study conducted a survey with the different levels of students (i.e., freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior levels) in the construction management (CM) department in the university to identify the importance of BIM coursework familiarity and competency. The survey was developed to examine five major aspects of students' perceptions toward a BIM application including: (1) the source of knowledge of BIM; (2) the perception of the BIM software applications with a level of competency; (3) the awareness level of BIM to get a job in the construction industry; (4) the perception of BIM-related jobs; the perception of the future of BIM in the construction industry; and (5) the importance of BIM education within the CM degree program and CM undergraduate capstone projects.


This essay summarizes and synthesizes the author's previously published work on rhetorical metaphor and depiction and relates personal stories behind this research. The essay also explores points of connection that tie this research together into an oeuvre. These points of connection trace a trajectory from the initial microscopic view of metaphor to the later panoramic view of functions sketched in the rhetorical depiction essay. The present essay pinpoints a vital over-statement in the original formulation of archetypal metaphor, the claim that such metaphor is "immune" rather than "resistant" to change. The gradual evolution of certain archetypal metaphors, despite their enduring nature, is perhaps the most fascinating thing about them. This essay also identifies a basic question left unanswered, concerning how the experience of metaphor can be so meaningful, and further complicates the explanation of rhetorical depiction. At the heart of both metaphor and depiction there remain mysteries.


Cell-materials interactions are deeply related to physicochemical nature of the surfaces. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) exhibits a transition from hydrophobic to hydrophilic across its lower-critical solution temperature (LCST) of 32oC.The surfaces on which PIPAAm is covalently grafted with the thickness of 15-20 nm achieve temperaturedependent cell adhesion/detachment control. When the temperature is reduced below 32oC, the surface becomes hydrophilic and swells, allowing cells to spontaneously detach from the surface without the need for enzymatic treatments. With this method, confluently cultured cells are harvested as tissue-like cell sheets with simply reducing temperature. In this review, we describe the clinical applications in regenerative medicine with cell sheet engineering using these intelligent ther morespoinsive surfaces.


Two out‐of‐plane buckling criteria for paper honeycomb are proposed by analysing the structure properties and the collapse mechanism of paper honeycomb: these are based on the peeling strength and ring crush strength of the chipboard wall. Taking into account the orthotropic, initial deflection and large deflection properties of the chipboard wall, the two new mechanical models and the calculation methods are developed to represent the out‐of‐plane critical load of paper honeycomb. Theoretical calculations and test results show that the models are suitable for describing the collapse mechanism of paper honeycomb. The peeling strength and ring crush strength determine the critical buckling load of paper honeycomb in different stretch phases. The out‐of‐plane critical buckling load can be predicted when the two models are integrated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


I n the current costand resource-constrained healthcare environment in the United States, characterized by declining government reimbursement and increased utilization scrutiny by managed care plans, providers are challenged to continue delivering quality care to more patients while also more effectively managing practice economics. Employing technology to improve practice efficiency is one of the most promising solutions to this dilemma. We have demonstrated that the integration of ultra-widefield (UWF) retinal imaging in our practice is cost-effective. It has allowed us to increase the number of patient encounters while simultaneously raising the quality of care, and increasing patient satisfaction.


The invention relates to calcium phosphate composite layers which are electrochemically deposited on bone implants. Implants which are coated in such a way are implanted without cement and are characterised by improved growing-in behaviour. Said highly porous composite layers on implants are made of at least two calcium phosphate phases of different solubility. The highly porous structure of said layers facilitates the immobilisation of cells from which new bone tissue can be made. The different solubility of the individual layer components ensures local concentration of calcium and phosphate ions which accelerates the incorporation process and which adapts to said process over the course of time.


Our work describes a model and an application to present the car traffic simulation on the Popocatepetl Volcano zone. Since 1994, Risk Management Office in Mexico has declared around 30 km from the Popocatepetl Volcano crater a danger zone. This office defined several roads to evacuate the people when a Volcano event can be presented. Our application takes data from Geography Markup Language (GML) format describing the simulation car traffic. The system which constructs the simulation was developed for the Fraunhofer FIRST team in Berlin, Germany. The data are translated to Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) format to be visualised in a browser and to produce in an animated cartography environment the car traffic simulation on the Popocatepetl Volcano area. A new approach based on Answer Set Programming (ASP) is introduced as a proposal to work with incomplete and uncertain data.


This chapter seeks to examine the expectations, dispositions, and experiences of international graduate students in a publicly funded university in Singapore. Using a qualitative research design, a total of 4 focus groups involving some 33 graduate international students from 8 countries were conducted. It was found that their expectations were set mainly in economic dimensions. These included good job opportunities, attractive salaries, and good career development prospects in Singapore. In terms of dispositions, participants' considerations for studying overseas were tied closely to the aspiration for graduate education as well as the perceived appeal of an educational qualification from Singapore. In terms of experiences, participants enjoyed pleasant encounters both on-campus and off-campus. Most felt welcomed and could cope well with their studies. This chapter paints a number of future trends before it concludes with a few implications for policy makers as well as suggestions for future research.


45 Cognitive control deficits are associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and may explain how 46 reminders of past traumatic events intrude upon daily experiences of people who have experienced 47 trauma. Lateralized somatomotor beta-band desynchronization, an electrophysiological signature of 48 controlled movement, indexes the downstream output of cognitive control processes. Recent evidence 49 suggests that somatomotor beta activity does not manifest as rhythmic oscillations, but instead as discrete 50 and stochastic burst-like events. Here, we quantified the rates of lateralized somatomotor beta bursts (beta 51 burst rates; BBR) evoked during a flanker cognitive control paradigm among United States military 52 veterans from Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom (OEF/OIF) who show varying degrees of PTSD. 53 We found BBR reflected both response direction and conflict monitoring during processing of stimuli that 54 evoked response conflict. Impaired behavioral performance and increased peri-response BBR were 55 related to greater posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS). Critically, increased BBR mediated the 56 link between PTSS and decreased conflict monitoring accuracy. Results suggest that poor cognitive 57 control in PTSS reflects a failure to adaptively disinhibit target motor representations, rather than a failure 58 to inhibit distractor representations. Thus, BBR reveal limited representation of target stimuli as a primary 59 contributor to impaired cognitive control in PTSD. Because BBR were robustly associated with 60 behavioral performance and exhibited high statistical reliability the index may carry utility for appraising 61 individual differences in cognitive control in other brain disorders. 62


Aim: To describe the frequency of oral and para-oral lymphomas in Cairo governorate's educational hospitals and institutions between 2010 and 2019. Methods : Histopathological reports of patients diagnosed with oral and para-oral lymphomas from 2010 to 2019 were retrospectively retrieved from archives of educational hospitals and institutions in Cairo governorate. Data regarding age, gender, site and diagnosis was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Results: 362 cases of lymphomas were found which constituted 2.86 % of oral and para-oral lesions. The mean age of patients was 54 (standard deviation 18.5), the median age was 56 (range 3.5-92 years). Tonsil was the most common site, followed by parotid gland. Intra-oral affection was less frequent, with the hard palate being the most common intra-oral site. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was more common than Hodgkin lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma The findings of the current study were consistent with majority of other studies held in different geographic regions. Since there were no previous studies that described the epidemiology of oral and para-oral lymphomas in Egypt, this study serves as a stepping-stone towards understanding their prevalence in Egypt.


One of the most important aspects of today's dentistry is to restore the patient's natural appearance in addition to function and phonation [1]. Color, shape, structure and position abnormalities of the teeth lead to important aesthetic problems for the patients [2]. Often preferred methods for this purpose are prosthetic restorations [3]. However, these restorations have many disadvantages, such as excessive preparation of teeth and damage of surrounding tissues such as gums [4]. Dentists have gone directly to expand the indications of composite resin restorations, as patients' have increased demands for aesthetic restorations and their desire to protect healthy tooth structure [5]. Together with improvements in modern adhesive techniques, the properties of composite resins have been increased and clinicians have introduced a safe and direct method to restore teeth [6,7]. Thus, one of the basic goals of restorative dentistry is to complete the treatment of single seance anterior region with this method. Over the last decade, ongoing advances in composite resins, adhesive systems, and restorative techniques have led to significant improvements in aesthetic dentistry [8]. The most important advantages of composite restorations are their minimum preparation size with their adhesive properties, their aesthetic appearance and strengthening the remaining tooth structure [9]. Dental discolorations, fractures, caries lesions, and disorders in tooth alignment affect not only quality of life, but also aesthetic appearance and deterioration of the harmony in the smile [9,10]. Direct composite veneers used to restore the aesthetics of damaged teeth for this purpose are good treatment options [11]. Laminate veneers are restorations designed to correct existing abnormalities, aesthetic disorders and color changes [12]. The main indications for these restorations are colored teeth, chronical fractures, palatal position teeth, congenital or acquired malformations, rotational teeth, diastemas, colorless restorations, absence of lateral incisors, abrasions and erosions [1-3]. These restorations, which offer quite good aesthetic results, are based on the principle that a composite resin is applied directly to the tooth surfaces.when compared with prosthetic approaches and indirect laminate veneer except for the necessity of tooth preparation, this technique is very cost, the treatment is reversible and an additional adhesive system is not required [13,14]. The irregular morphology of the enamel causes serious problems in the aesthetic appearance [15]. Treatment options are determined by the severity of the loss of enamel. In these studies, three patients who applied to our clinic with loss of enamel were restored with a direct composite laminate veneer.


Bifunctional membrane exchange assembly(MEA) for unitized regenerative polymer electrolyte fuel cell(URFC) was developed.MEA preparation technology,bifunctional electrocatalyst and gas diffusion layer materials were examined.The morphology and structure of MEA were characterized by SEM.The results show that bifunctional MEA preparation by catalyst coated on membrane(CCM) technology with bifunctional electrocatalyst and the corrosion-resistive gas diffusion layer(GDL) exhibited the promising URFC performance.The working voltage was 0.708 V@1 000 mA/cm2 under fuel cell mode;the working voltage was 1.623 V@1 000 mA/cm2 under water electrolysis mode.The URFC performance was stable during cycling operating 100 h of the URFC system.The SEM characterization of MEA and polarization curves of URFC results demonstrate that CCM technology enhances the contact between the catalyst layer and proton membrane and stabilizes the catalyst layer and improves the durability of MEA.The protective diffusion layer enhances the corrosion-resistive performance in water electrolysis mode and improves the cycle stability of MEA.


Problems related with the modeling and dynamic response to blast loadings of doublycurved sandwich panels with laminated face sheets are developed. In this respect, the implications the panel curvature, of anisotropy and stacking sequence of face sheets, as well as of transverse orthotropy of the core, and of structural damping ratio are highlighted. As concerns that blast pulses considered in this analysis, these are due to either in-air explosions or of traveling shock-waves. Other parameters, mainly geometrical ones are also considered in the numerical simulations, and their implications on the dynamic response are put into evidence. Due to the absence of similar results in the specialized literature, this paper is likely to ll a gap in the state of the art of this problem, and provide pertinent results that are instrumental in the design of advanced sandwich shells operating in a dynamic environment.


The most common site of disease is in the liver (50% to 80%), followed by the lung (5% to 30%). The life cycle of Echinococcus requires a definitive host, which is often a dog, and an intermediate host, which is commonly sheep. Humans become accidental intermediate hosts when they become infected after ingesting ova passed in dog feces. Pelvic disease is rare, with a 20 year old study reporting an incidence of 0.37% occurring in broad ligament.


The aim of the study was to determine the impact of various methods of oil mixing with wastewater on properties of synthetic municipal wastewater containing edible oil (SMW+0.02% m/v rapeseed oil). The study was carried out in 3L glass, cylindrical reactors to which SMW+0.02% were introduced. Various methods of its mixing with water were applied: mechanical mixing (SMW+0.02%+mixing) and sonication (SMW+0.02%+ultrasounds). The wastewater was sonicated at 35 kHz for 30 min. The constant temperature conditions were maintained during the experiment for each mixing method (15°C, 20°C and 30°C). The analysis of parameters (pH, COD, BOD5 and long chain free fatty acids concentration) of raw wastewater and after 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours of inoculation was performed to determine the effect of mixing method. The most signifi cant changes in wastewater chemical parameters after the introduction of the oil were observed in the case of COD. For SMW+0.02%+ mixing a slow increase in COD within 24 hours of the process was observed. In the case of SMW+0.02%+ultrasounds the increase and the decrease of COD value were observed in reference to the initial value. The changes in acids concentrations observed in reactors with SMW+0.02%+ultrasounds were referred to the ones observed in reactors with SMW+0.02%+mixing but changes were more intense in the fi rst reactor. The use of ultrasounds in pre-treatment of wastewater resulted in the intense appearance of palmitic acid for 6 hours. Regardless of the emulsion formation method (mixing or ultrasounds), the concentration of oleic acid and linoleic acid was reduced. The biggest changes in free fatty acids concentration were observed for palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids after 24 hours. The application of ultrasounds in oily wastewater pre-treatment 25 treatment, the sonication process allows for the destruction of non-biodegradable (Yang et al. 2016), hardly biodegradable (Ramteke et al. 2015) and toxic organic compounds (Bonyadi et al. 2012, Wang & Liu 2014, Kwarciak-Kozłowska et al. 2015, Yang et al. 2016), formation of soluble organic compounds (Nasseri et al. 2006), destruction of pathogen cells (Antoniadis et al. 2007). The maximum decomposition of cyanide (high toxicity) was performed at frequency of 130 kHz for 90 minutes i.e. 74%, but the effi ciency of treatment at 35 kHz and lasting 90 minutes was only slightly lower and amounted to about 71% (Bonyadi et al. 2012). The use of ultrasounds as a single stage process is not economically justifi ed. The combination of ultrasounds and Fenton's reagent has been used to effectively degrade refractory compounds (Wang & Liu 2014), i.e. the degradation (100% alachlor) and mineralization (46,8% TOC) of alachlor (herbicide) was obtained with using the frequency of 20 kHz (Wang & Liu 2014), the pre-treatment (22 kHz) was applied to improve biological treatment of wastewater containing benzene, toluene, naphthalene and o-xylene (Ramteke et al. 2015) and the ammunition wastewater was treated at the frequency of 20 kHz (Li et al. 2013). Ultrasounds as pre-treatment and SBR were used to increase the quality of treated wastewater from fi breboard industry (Grosser et al 2009). In the case of pharmaceutical wastewater the optimum COD removal (94%) at the frequency of 45 kHz (Yang et al. 2016) was obtained. Low frequency ultrasounds, i.e. 20–24 kHz were also suffi cient for disinfection of treated wastewater or wastewater obtained by vegetable washing (Antoniadis et al. 2007, Anese et al. 2015). Considering the technological aspect, there is a list of advantages resulting from the use of ultrasounds in excess sludge management, e.g. the breakage of extracellular polymeric substances and destruction of waste activated sludge cells (Liu et al. 2015), decomposition of organic compounds and formation of soluble substances (Zhuo et al. 2012, Parkitna et al. 2013) as well as the enhancement of the formation of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) with the dominance of acetic and propionic acids (Liu et al. 2014, Liu et al. 2015) and VFA (Zawieja et al. 2009). All these phenomena reduce the time of anaerobic digestion. Some authors shorten the range of frequency from 20 to 25 kHz for the processing of excess sludge (Zielewicz 2007). Hence, in the discussed study sonication applied to waste activated sludge pretreatment was carried out at the frequency of 20 kHz for 10–15 minutes (Yan et al. 2010, Liu et al. 2014, Liu et al. 2015). In the case of sunfl ower oil cake fermentation carried out at the same frequency, the processes were run from 16.6 to 331.2 minutes (Fernández-Cegrí V et al. 2012). In water degummed of soybean gum higher frequency equal to 28 kHz was used (Jiang et al. 2014). The practical use of the sonication possesses many benefi ts, i.e. the effi cient run of the process with no additional use of chemicals, the performance of the process at low/ medium temperature and pressure conditions, the possibility of installation hermetization, and the introduction of the sonication unit to the existing installation (Zielewicz 2007, Zielewicz and Tytła 2015). Also, the economic aspect of using ultrasounds on the industrial scale is important. The consumption of energy is given as per volume unit of wastewater/sludge [kWh/m3] (density of energy) or per unit of dry substance in sludge [kWh/kg d.w.] (specifi c energy) (Zielewicz-Madej and Sorys 2007). For those reasons the method is found to be environmentally friendly and the method is considered as green technology (Rokhina et al. 2009, Yan et al. 2010, Zielewicz 2007). In the study, the possibility of using ultrasounds already in the wastewater pre-treatment stage was discussed. Although oily contaminants do not appear in municipal wastewater in as high amounts as in industrial wastewater, in the case of municipal wastewater treatment plants localized in tourist areas, especially during the high season, the use of additional treatment process in the form of sonication may signifi cantly improve the operation of the plant as well as the quality of the purifi ed stream. The preliminary treatment of synthetic wastewater by means of sonication is aimed to decompose oils. The process was observed by the formation of four long chain fatty acids (LChFA): palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic ones. The stream enriched in that acid was next introduced to high performance bioreactors. Materials and Methods Simulated municipal wastewater SMW prepared from organic components: 0.32 g peptone/L, 0.22 g extract/L, 0.06 g urea/L, and mineral components: 0.056 g K2HPO4/L, 0.014 g NaCl/L, 0.008 g CaCl2×2H2O/L and 0.004 g MgSO4×7H2O/L was used in the study. The components of the SMW were chosen according to the standard for biodegradation of organic compounds in water environment but their concentrations were modifi ed (PN-EN ISO 11733). In order to determine the changes in the presence of fatty acids, the additional contamination was one type of edible oil – rape oil (popular grocery product widely used in Poland) which was introduced at a concentration of 0.02%. Equipment and methodology The study was carried out in 3L glass, cylindrical reactors to which oil and SMW were introduced. Two methods were used to introduce the oil into the water: conventional mixing (SMW+0.02%+mixing) and with using ultrasounds (SMW+0.02%+ultrasounds). Sonication was achieved at operating frequency of 35 kHz and ultrasonic time of 30 minutes (IS-5,5 InterSonic). Consumption of energy per volume unit of wastewater was 25 kWh/m3. In the study, the sonication process was run for a long time in order to obtain the emulsifi ed solution of high stability. On the basis of non-public results of preceding studies on the change of TC and TOC in the sonicated sample it was determined that the stability of such emulsions reached the minimum of 24 hours. Next, the reactors were placed on magnetic stirrer (IKA) and kept in thermostatic chamber (TermCon2, ELKAR) to provide constant working conditions. The temperature conditions, i.e. 15°C, 20°C and 30°C were applied during the whole experiment. The temperature in the thermostatic chamber was automatically kept constant with the accuracy of +/–0.1°C. Sample analysis The aim of the study was to determine the impact of mechanical mixing and sonication on the properties of SMW with oil component. The analysis of parameters of raw wastewater (0 h) and pre-treated wastewater (after 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours of


Differential settlement of underground pipelines is one of the major causes responsible for pipeline failures in the U.S. Due to the invisibility of underground pipeline deformation and the requirement for long-range monitoring of underground pipelines, most of the underground pipeline motions are currently undetected. In this paper, a novel long-range sensing technique using fiber optic sensors is proposed for the structural health monitoring (SHM) the deformation and motion of underground pipelines. Two laboratory 304.8x1.7cm HDPE (high-density polyethylene) pipe specimens were manufactured and tested under four-point bending for damage detection. Single mode optical fibers (10.4 ± 0.8 μm) were installed on the surface of these two HDPE pipes for distributed sensing. Four-point bending test was carried out on two HDPE pipes in the range of 445 N to 2670 N at an increment of 445 N. A BOTDR (Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometer) system was applied in collecting distributed strain measurements (spatial resolution =1m, sampling interval =0.5m) from the two HDPE pipes. Fourteen conventional coil-type strain gauges (gauge factor: 2) were also instrumented on each HDPE pipe for validation purpose. From our laboratory results, it was found that the longitudinal BOTDR strain measurements near the neutral axis of the HDPE pipes can be used for detecting pipe rotation. It was also found that the longitudinal BOTDR strains at the bottom of the pipes can be used to detect pipe bending and damage detection.


The INSPIRE infrastructure and its implementation could be considered as mainly a legal and practical implementation issue. However it also tends to be a topic dealt with on a scientific research and educational level, because of its highly innovative character. This paper presents the findings of a research project on 'INSPIRE compliant web services'. Main objective of the project is to assess the quality and feasibility (in the sense of completeness, consistency and ease-of-implementation) of the guidelines for INSPIRE Network Services. Part of this assessment is also the question: how can INSPIRE compliance be tested and measured?


Background: Dislocation remains at the forefront of complications after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). In our study, we talk about the use of constrained liners and its outcomes in an unstable hip.

Methods: The total number of patients included in the study was 15. The total number of hips in the study were 15. The age group of the patients varied between 51 years and 89 years with mean age group of 73 years. The most common indication in our study was dislocation contributing 60% (n=9) of the hips.

Results: The post-operative mean Harris hip score (HHS) at immediate post-operative was 67.6. There was a gradual improvement in the HHS through 6 months (77.6), one year (83.3), two years (86.7) and 3 years (90.33). There were no cases with post-operative septic or aseptic loosening in the radiological analysis. The mean cup inclination was 34.3. Out of the 13 hips, in eight hips the femoral stem was in varus. Five hips had a centrally placed femoral stem. Stability management in THA have seen the component design take centre stage, primarily with the use of larger diameter femoral heads and the rise in popularity of constrained acetabular liners (CAL). Several authors have done studies which talk about the stability of this implant design and the reliability of this implant in unstable hips and in hips where instability was expected.

Conclusions: In our study, proximal femur tumours, dislocated total hips, abductor insufficiencies and aseptic loosening all showed good results.


Patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or stroke caused by extracranial or intracranial atherosclerotic lesions are at increased risk for


Prosthetic hands can be used to support upper-body amputees. Myoelectric prosthesis, one of the externally-powered active prosthesis categories, requires proper processing units in addition to recording electrodes and instrumentation amplifiers. In this paper, the following myoelectric prosthesis control methods were discussed in detail: On-off and finite-state, proportional, direct, and posture, simultaneous, classification and regression-based control, and deep learning methods. Myoelectric control performance indices, such as completion time and rate, throughput, lag, and path length, were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the control methods were also discussed. Some of myoelectric prosthesis control's significant challenges are comfort, durability, cost, the application of under-sampled signals, and electrode shift. Moreover, the proposed algorithms must be usually tuned after each don and doff, which is not comfortable for the users. Realtime simultaneous and proportional myoelectric control, resampling human's arm, has brought much attention. However, increasing the degree of freedom reduces the overall performance. Applying a 3D printed prosthesis arm and under-sampled electromyographic signals could reduce the fabrication cost and improve the application of such methods in practice. There are many technological and clinical challenges in this area to reduce the prosthesis rejection rate.


Demethylchlorpromazine (DMCPZ) is one of the main metabolites of chlorpromazine (CPZ). DMCPZ has only one methyl less than CPZ. The structural difference between them is too small to separate them by conventional capillary electrophoresis (CE).However, proper addition of additives in the separation buffer can improve their separation performance. The parameters related to CE separation were carefully studied. The optimized CE conditions were separation buffer of 17.50% iso-propyl alcohol aqueous solution (v/v) containing 21mmol/L phosphate (pH 5.3), separation voltage of 13.1 kV, sample injection time of 6 s and sample injection voltage of 11.5 kV. Combined with electrochemiluminescence (CEL) detection technology, a separation and analysis method of CPZ and DMCPZ by improved CE coupled with end-column CEL was established. The limits of detection (3σ) of this method were 8.1×10 -7 mg/mL for CPZ and 8.9×10 -6 mg/mL for DMCPZ. The relative standard deviations were less than 2.5% for ECL intensity and less than 1.2% for migration time. This method had many advantages, such as fast speed, high sensitivity, small sample injection, and free from interference, and was successfully applied to simultaneously determine CPZ and DMCPZ in whole urine sample of pet dog.


The article is based on the analysis of ethnographic literature of the late 19th – early 20th centuries, folklore and archival sources and examines the historical and cultural context and the current existence of a specific subjective concept of social justice in the economy of a traditional household, historically formed by the local Arctic population – the Sámi of the Kola Peninsula. When thinking on this concept, criteria of strict equality in distribution, productivity and principles of satisfaction of needs were identified. It is noted that in the conditions of the state colonization policy of the Murmansk coast of the Kola Peninsula, starting with 1860, the region initiated new economic relations, governed by the norms of all-Russian legislation and "colonization" legal acts prepared speculatively, without taking into account the specific rights of the indigenous people. By the example of analysis of archival sources deposited in the funds of the State Archive of the Murmansk region, it is shown that in 1870-1871 in the case of legal way of upholding their ideas about social justice in the process of resolving possessory conflicts the Sámi of the Kola-Lopar district had declarative justice on their side, unlike the colonists though they had state resettlement privileges.


A note on the truth commissions whose primary aim was to break the cycles of politically inspired violence that so often and so easily repeat themselves, is presented. Questions that have arisen about the nature of reconciliation as a tool of moral and political regeneration of the South African Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) are discussed.


In his articles from 2003 and 2004, titled Families of recorders in the baroque period, Andrew Robinson ran a description of the preserved recorder repertoire and preserved instruments of the baroque period.1 It was the data pertaining to the bass recorder that proved to be particularly interesting for us. Based on Philip T. Young's book, 4900 historical woodwind instruments,2 Robinson states that eighty baroque instruments of this type have been preserved until now, which – as Robinson points out – amounts to 17,3% of all the preserved baroque recorders. The author also remarks that – as stated in the online Catalogue of Historical Recorder Repertoire – merely twenty three compositions featuring bass recorder parts, which – as of today – adds up to 1,2% of the entire catalogued recorder repertoire. Nearly all of these pieces utilize the bass recorder as the lowest voice instrument in a recorder consort. According to Robinson, the sole preserved piece in which the bass recorder plays either a solo or a concertante part is Carl Phillip Emanuel Bach's Trio in F-major for bass recorder, viola or bassoon, and basso continuo H 588 (1755). During our research within the Scientific and Editorial Team of Music at Jasna Góra, we acknowledged the uniqueness of a certain composition deposited in the archives of Jasna Góra monastery. It seems fitting here to briefly introduce the place where this work has been composed and performed. For centuries, not only has the Pauline monastery of Jasna Góra been the cradle of Polish spirituality but it has also diligently participated in the shaping of Polish musical culture. It was here, in Poland's primary Marian sanctuary that – from the end of the 16th century till the beginning of 1915 – the order's leaders maintained a vocal-instrumental ensemble, catering for proper preservation of music and taking utmost care of their musicians' education. The ensemble of Jasna Góra featured both clerical and secular musicians.


Summary. The serum level of IL‐6 was reported to reflect disease severity in patients with multiple myeloma. We used a specific radioimmunoassay to measure the level of IL‐6 in 239 serum samples in which a monoclonal gammopathy was identified for the first time. The same sample was used for the measurement of serum C reactive protein and serum albumin. Then, an inventory of clinical and biological features allowed us to classify these patients into five groups: monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS: 128), multiple myeloma (MM:66), Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia (WM:27), non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL: 11) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL: 7). The number of patients with serum IL‐6 (S‐IL‐6) level >0.335 ng/ml (upper limit in normal sera) was significantly higher in the MM group (35%; Confidence Interval (CI) 23.5–46.5) compared with the MGUS group (15%; CI 8.8–21.2). The distribution of S‐IL‐6 levels was also significantly different between the groups (Mann‐Whitney test: P< 0.01). High S‐IL‐6 levels were measured in 5/11 patients with NHL and 9/27 patients with WM. The distribution of S‐IL‐6 levels in these groups was the same as that in MGUS or MM groups. In patients with MM, elevated S‐IL‐6 levels were associated with haemoglobin level <100 g/l (P< 0.005). bone marrow plasmocytosis >50% (P<0.05) and stages II and III in the Durie & Salmon staging system (P< 0.005). The S‐IL‐6 level was also related to light chain component excretion in urine (P<0.01) and M component serum level for IgA (P<0.01). In patients with MGUS, the S‐IL‐6 level correlated with serum CRP level (P<0.05). serum lactate dehydrogenase (P< 0.05) and serum ferritin (P < 0.01). We conclude that the S‐IL‐6 level is a marker of high tumour burden in multiple myeloma. However, S‐IL‐6 level can be increased in patients with MGUS in relation to inflammatory parameters. Therefore the S‐IL‐6 level does not demonstrate high predictive value for the diagnosis of MM in patients with newly identified monoclonal gammopathy.


The paper investigates a novel configuration of a linear oscillating actuator (LOA) with permanent magnet (PM) mover for a totally artificial heart (TAH). This electromagnetic device integrates a dual motion effect driving two independent movers connected to two chambers that emulate the left and the right ventricles, respectively. After an overview of formerly proposed configurations, the specific design targets of this TAH project are presented, evidencing its demanding constraints as for its sizes and performances. On this basis, a preliminarily devised LOA configuration is refined by 2D finite element analyses, according to the force profiles, the energy consumption being the same. The consistency with the expected targets is confirmed, identifying a suitable supply strategy to enhance the thrust performance. Afterward, a parametric analysis, taking into account the thrust profile evenness by suitable indices, leads to further performance improvements.


In a method and apparatus for automatically identifying a program broadcast by a radio station or by a television channel, or recorded on a medium, by adding an inaudible encoded message to the sound signal of the program, the message identifies the broadcasting channel or station, the program, and/or the exact date. In one embodiment the sound signal is transmitted via an analog-to-digital converter 12 to a digital data processor 14 enabling frequency ranges to be split up, enabling the energy in some of the frequency ranges to be altered in a predetermined manner to form an encoded identification message, and with the output from the data processor being connected via a digital-to-analog converter 26 to an audio output 28 for broadcasting or recording the sound signal. The invention is particularly applicable to measuring the audiences of programs that are broadcast by radio or television, or that are recorded.


The participant states shall pledge to protect the child against all forms of sexual exploitation and sexual perversion…. (From the Convention on the Rights of the Child) With an easy, charming walk she went from the door to the corner of the office, stopped at the window next to a chair, but instead of sitting down she stood absolutely still and lowered her eyes.


The effects of rapid development have increased pressures on these places exacerbated by the competition between two key industry sectors, commercial base and tourism development. This, in supplement with urbanisation and industrialisation, has posted a high demand for the uses of these spaces.

The political scenario and lack of adaptation on ecological principles and public participations in its design approach have sparked stiff environmental, historical and cultural constraint towards its landscape character as well as the ecological system. Therefore, a holistic approach towards improving the landscape design process is extremely necessary to protect human well being, cultural, environmental and historical values of these places. Limited research also has been carried out to overcome this situation. This further has created an urgent need to explore better ways to improve the landscape design process of Malaysian heritage urban river corridor developments that encompass the needs and aspirations of the Malaysian multi-ethnic society without making any drastic changes to the landscape character of the rivers.

This paper presents a methodology to develop an advanced Landscape Character Assessment (aLCA) framework for evaluating the landscape character of the places, derived from the perception of two keys yet oppositional stakeholders: urban design team and special interest public. The triangulation of subjectivist paradigm methodologies: the psychophysical approach; the psychological approach; and, the phenomenological approach will be employed. The outcome will be used to improve the present landscape design process for future development of these places. Unless a range of perspectives can be brought to bear on enhancing the form and function of their future development and management, urban river corridors in the Malaysian context will continue to decline.


This paper presents new results about confidence bounds on the generalization performances of linear combination of functions belonging to a set H. It is shown that when learning with monomial loss functions, the probability that the generalization error be greater than the empirical error plus /spl epsiv/, depends on the covering number of H and the magnitude of the coefficients of the combination. The classification case is studied by approximating a step function with polynomials.


This paper proposes, in the context of the physical form of sustainable compact city, a GIS-based quantitative model to estimate total carbon emission amount primarily affected by the spatial arrangements of street layout and building height. The model is composed of the two parts: carbon emission directly caused by horizontal vehicular movements and that which is transformed from electricity consumption through vertical elevator movements. The performativity of hypothetical arrangements is examined in terms of their compactness and local grid intensification conditions. The simulated results are then compared with those from a case study of the development of Wangsimni New Town in Seoul.


A further contrast between text and the visual arts can be found in the third part of the book. Patricia Becher-Ketterer, a biologist and staff member of Greenpeace, Germany, contributes a fifty-page article on "Walfang im Zeichen von Unvernunft und Verantwortungslosigkeit" ("Whaling under the Banner of Unreasonableness and Irresponsibility"). Her treatise presents a critical view of whaling in modern times and a negative perspective on the efforts of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and other international bodies to protect the various species. The author offers an introduction to the biology of these mammals and to the killing methods of industrial whaling, while also describing the activities of the IWC and efforts to prevent nations such as Japan, Norway and Iceland from resuming the killing of whales. The article closes with an appeal for the termination of commercial whaling and with an account of the first Greenpeace campaigns of the early 1970s. The latter seems somewhat out of place here and can be better appreciated in books such as Robert L. Hunter's To Save a Whale The Voyages of Greenpeace (Oakland: Scrimshaw Press, 1978).


The study aimed to assess the technological competence and pedagogical content knowledge practices of Junior High School Science Teachers in Southeast Butuan District 1, Division of Butuan City. A descriptive-correlational design was used, and data were collected from 31 science teachers in the district. A survey questionnaire was administered to assess the participants' level of technological competence in terms of using ICT in teaching, as well as their level of PCK practices in terms of Subject Matter Knowledge (SMK), Instructional Representation Strategies (IRS), Instructional Objective and Context (IOC), and Evaluation of Students Learning (ESU). The Net Agreement Rating (NAR) for their responses on the different areas of TPACK was recorded and cross-tabulated. The findings of the study indicated that the participants demonstrated high levels of technological competence in using ICT in teaching and high levels of PCK practices in relation to SMK, IRS, IOC, and ESU. The study also revealed a moderate positive correlation between the level of technological competence and pedagogical content knowledge practices of the teachers. This suggests that while technological competence may contribute to the enhancement of pedagogical content knowledge practices, there are other factors that can also influence effective teaching. Based on these results, it is recommended that further research be conducted to explore the impact of technology integration on the development of pedagogical content knowledge among teachers. Additionally, identifying other factors that may influence their PCK practices would be beneficial.


Objective
To observe the clinical effect of horizontal stretch of external canthus in the treatment of severe degenerative lower eyelid ectropion.

Methods
A retrospective clinical case study; 46 cases (68 eyes) of degenerative eyelid were randomly divided into treatment group and control group according to admission order, each for 23 cases (34 eyes). The treatment group underwent lateral canthal level pull operation, the control group underwent resection under the eyelid level, lower eyelid surgery according to the position of shortened lateral canthal ligament length. The location of the lower lacrimal gland, the location of the lower eyelid, the overflow of tears, foreign body sensation and conjunctival congestion after surgery were observed.

Results
The treatment group of 23 cases (34 eyes) of lower eyelid ectropion correction in 21 days, 2 cases (2 eyes) on the seventh day after surgery for lacrimal punctum ectropion underwent medial fusiform conjunctival resection, postoperative lower eyelid function improved, foreign body sensation, epiphora symptoms subsided. The control group of 23 cases (34 eyes) of lower eyelid ectropion in 21 days was corrected in 14 cases (21 eyes), 5 cases (7 eyes) of lower eyelid function improved, palpebral margin irregular, corneal irritation and affect the appearance of 4 cases (6 eyes) to open and close the lower eyelid could not close to the ocular surface. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P >0.05). There was no significant difference in the lower lacrimal spot and eyelid position between the two groups after surgery: P >0.05. There were significant differences in lacrimal overflow, foreign body sensation and conjunctival congestion P <0.05.

Conclusions
Adopting the horizontal stretch of external canthus in the treatment of degenerative ectropion would be aimed more pertinently at the primary problem of anatomy, with the advantage of less trauma and quick wound healing, without causing the eyelid defects and improving facial appearance.

Key words:
Degenerative ectropion; Horizontal stretch of external Canthus; Clinical observation


The international requirement of Swedish healthcare today is high and due to a good reputation and a long history of reliable methods through extended experience. For those Swedish companies within ...


In a paper from a distinguished collection of papers prepared for a 1959 course entitled "Computer Programming and Artificial Intelligence," Paul Garvin described two types of machine translation problems "in terms of the two components of the term: machine problems, and translation problems." While the machine problems made us crazy, the translation problems made us think differently about language than we might otherwise have done, which has had some advantages and some disadvantages in the long run. I will save anecdotes about the former and comments about the latter for the discussion.


As plasmas with extremely reduced dimensionality, proper ties of one-dimensional classical plasmas are analyzed in the do main of strong coupling and static and dynamic structure factors and the plasmon dispersion relation are obtained. These plas mas may be realized in Penning traps with sufficiently strong confinement and also in semiconductor quantum wires under appropriate conditions.


Background: Every institution which provides food for a large group of consumers has the responsibility to keep the safety and wholesomeness of food otherwise it may result outbreaks of food borne illness. The most identified contributing factors of food borne illness in mass catering establishments were cross contamination, dirty work environment and poor personal hygiene practice by food handlers. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the sanitary conditions of catering establishments and food safety knowledge and practices of food handlers in Addis Ababa University students' cafeterias. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January, 2014 to May, 2014. A total of 12 student catering establishments from 7 campuses were studied for sanitary condition of premises and a total of 302 food handlers were assessed for knowledge and practice statuses. For data collection questionnaires and appropriate checklists were used. Bacteriological examination was made from all catering premises following appropriate standard procedures. The data was entered by using EPI INFO version 3.5.1 and cleaned before transferring to SPSS version 17 statistical packages which was used for data management and analysis. Results: Majority, 212(70.2%), of food handlers were females and their median age were 29. Among the 302 subjects, 197 (65.2%) of them had food hygiene training. All, 302 (100%), of food handlers were literate and 283 (93.7%) of them had adequate knowledge of food borne diseases. Twelve of premises had a clean wall and ceiling in their kitchen and dining rooms. Similarly all premises had openable window, adequate light and adequate ventilation. E. coli were not identified at all and in 1 (2.8%) of swabbed utensils S. aureus were identified. Practice scores revealed that 52.3% of food handlers had a poor food handling practice. Conclusion: This study revealed that the repair and sanitary conditions of premises were in a good condition. Nearly half of food handlers had a poor food handling practice. Provision of training and basic sanitary facilities by management is recommended


It seems to be an odd consequence of the resurgence of interest by philosophers and psychologists in the intersection of everyday reasoning tasks and formal models that much of what philosophers have done has been misinterpreted by the social sciences. Although work in pragmatics, sociolinguistics, anthropology and psychology itself urges concern for the relationship between the verbal and the nonverbal, many experiments within the domain of cognitive psychology have been designed as if relevant distinctions with regard to causation, conditionals and reasoning had not already been made antecedently by philosophers and linguists. Recent work by Cummins et al} offers us the following conclusion:


To gain insight into how animals respond to resource patchiness at different spatial scales, we envision their responses in environments comprised of nested, self-similar patches. In these environments, all resources reside within the smallest patches, and resource density declines as a constant exponent of patch size. Accordingly, we use simple mathematical formulations to describe a self-similar environment and a null model of how animals should respond to this environment if they do not perceive resource distribution. We then argue that animals that can perceive resource distribution should partition space by reducing the relative time searching between patches as patch size increases. On an experimental landscape, we found that woolly bear caterpillars Grammia geneura could partition space in this manner, but the range of patch sizes over which they did so tended to increase with resource aggregation. Nevertheless, scaling efficiency (i.e. the scaling of search time versus the scaling or resource density) was similar in all distributions when averaged over all patch sizes. These disparate patterns with similar outcomes resulted from differences in caterpillars' abilities to discriminate spatially among patches of different sizes via their movement pathways, and differences in their use of speed to detect resource items. Our work is relevant to the characterization of resource availability from an animal's perspective, and to the linking of optimal foraging theory to the modeling of search behavior.


Solid-state reaction processes in Fe/Si multilayer nanofilms have been studied in situ by the methods of transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction in the process of heating from room temperature up to 900ºС at a heating rate of 8-10ºС/min. The solid-state reaction between the nanolayers of iron and silicon has been established to begin at 350-450ºС increasing with the thickness of the iron layer.


There is many ways to detect the moving object. A common method is by comparing two or more image sequences. Comparing image by analysing all of image pixel is known as frame differences method. Template matching is a technique that used to determine the reference image. Reference image that determined dynamically is known a dynamic template matching. This research proposes an algorithm to determine the reference image by using dynamic template matching adaptively. In the system, there are three ways to determine the reference image base on environment condition. This algorithm is implemented using web-based system and IP Camera as the capturing device. The algorithm provides detection accuracy of 95.5%.


Cooperative Learning are one of the better teaching strategies with very beautif ul prospects. While Internet becomes popular, Cooperative Learning at the differ ent places and at the different time is becoming more acceptable. In order to co ntrol the students' study quality effectively, to check the achievement of the t eaching object, it is necessary to set up a available evaluating system. In this paper, The cooperative learning evaluating system is discussed in comb ination with the characteristics of engineering drawing,a relatively reasonable evaluating system is put forward.


Laser surface hardening is beneficially used for surface treatment of structural steel. Due to very rapid heating and cooling rates, structural low-alloy steel(SCM4) can be hardened as self quenching. The aim of this research project is to improve the influence of the process laser parameters: laser power, spot size, surface roughness, and traverse speed. The laser beam is allowed to scan on the surface of the workpiece at the constant power(1095W), varying the traverse speed at 0.3m/min, 0.5m/min and 0.8m/min. The optical lens with the elliptical profile is designed to obtain a wide surface hardening area with uniform hardness. From the results of the experiment, it has been shown that the stable hardness is about 600~700Hv, when the laser power, focal position and the traverse speed are P=1095W, z=0㎜ and v=0.3m/min.


Assessment of non-mydriatic fundus photography in detection of diabetic retinopathy T Barrie, FRCS, and A C MacCuish, MD ...... 1304 Informed consent and the newborn W Tarnow-Mordi, MRCP ....... .......... 1305 Computer aided diagnosis of acute abdominal pain G J Brooks, MB, and D G Cramp, PHD; J Wyatt, MRCP, and others; D G Swain, MRCP; M Tabone-Vassallo, FRcs ....... ......... 1305 Trace element analysis of hair C Lanigan, MRCPI, and Lumina Lanigan, MB 1306 Use of serum cotinine to assess the accuracy of self reported non-smoking J E Haddow, MD, and others .... ......... 1306 Private nursing homes: contribution to long stay care of the elderly W R Primrose, MRCP, and Anne E Capewell, MRCP; P V Knight, MRCP, and G P Canning, MRCP ................................. 1306 Platelet function defects in chronic alcoholism E W Jones, mRcp; D P Mikhailidis, MB, and others ................................ 1307


Objective To observe the change of blood rheology and the clinical effects of compound xuejie enema on patients with chronic nonspecific ulcerative colitis (UC) before and after the treatment.Methods Compound xuejie enema made of xuejie and bletilla hyacinthine was used to treat 47 patients with UC,the blood rheology index such as blood viscosity,plasma viscosity,hematocrit and fibrinogen was monitored.In the control group,enema was done with xileisan and yunnanbaiyao solution.The difference of blood rheology index before and after the treatment in two groups were compared.Results There was significant difference in the curative effect between the treatment group and the control group (P0.05);there was significant difference in the difference of blood rheology index before and after the treatment (P0.05).Conclusion Compound xuejie enema can ameliorate the clinical symptoms of UC by improving the blood rheology.


An orientation measurement mechani sm with 3-DOF is presented.It is connected with position mea-surement mechanism to measure the position and orientations over full 6-DOF of parallel machine tools.The explicit formulation of parallel ma chine tool's orientation is given by mechanism analysis and the explicit formu-lation of the measuring errors are derived based on the presented mechani sm so that the design parameters can b e optimized.


In order to study the characteristics of HCl emission and removal of MSW(municipal solid waste) during incineration, some kinds of typical MSW components are selected to do experiments in 150 mm fluidized bed. The effect of temperature on Cl→HCl conversion are discussed, the influence of concentration of HCl to the CO,NO,SO_2 during incineration are discussed. Finally the effect of CaO on dechloriantion is discussed.Results show, the concversion of Cl→HCl increased with temperature;with the increasing of HCl concentration,the concentration of NO decreased,and the concentration of SO_2 as parabola;from 820~930 ℃,removal of HCl decreased as temperature increased.


The post-colonial theorist Homi K. Bhabha describes how colonialism creates structures which are often decried as inferior but are fascinating and complex mixtures of cultural practices interwoven to form new systems, different and no less interesting than their original sources. This study demonstrates this in action, looking at the relationship between Chinese native and Western methods in the development of construction in China during 1840-1937. Based on Chinese and British sources, it focuses particularly on building materials and different aspects of the construction processes. The article shows that the complex interactions at work in shaping the architecture of China led to a mixture, a new building trade that combined features of both systems in the supply and use of materials, in the building techniques, in the organisations of builders, in the tools they used, and in the education they received. This article then examines the conservation of Chinese Modern buildings as built heritage from 1840-1937. It argues that, in its aspects pertaining to mixing and conflicts, the development of the emerging industry of architectural conservation in present-day China resembles the history of Chinese Modern building construction.


The concept of an Integrated Service Center is reviewed in the article; the author analyzes existing domestic and foreign perspectives on the definition and evaluation of cultural services. The integrating innovative component of the culture industry is revealed. The proposed method allows responding quickly to changes in the environment and adapting to the economy of a particular subject. The research method involves the use of logistics principles in the culture industry, integrated and systematic approaches that determine the need to take into account all factors and their dynamics, a synergetic approach involving the integration of elements that form a comprehensive (integrated) potential of the culture industry. The method proposed in the article allows reducing expenditures on culture, controlling the ratio and quality of free and paid services, making a profit and realizing the internal reserves of cultural enterprises. According to the results of the study, a matrix of SWOT-analysis of the cultural sector has been formed. The relevance of the results consists in the development that allows finding solutions to organizational, economic and financial problems of the cultural sector and will help to increase its contribution to the economic development of the regions and the Russian economy as a whole. The approach to the formation of complex (integrated) potential can include indicators: social potential, economic potential, information potential, resource (infrastructure) potential and cultural potential. Each of the potentials requires assessment (calculation and measurement) and further specific solutions for each subject of the culture industry.


Vertical flow cells (VFCs) are key components of passive acid mine drainage (AMD) treatment systems and require organic substrates that create anaerobic conditions and encourage bacterial sulfate reduction. Sustainable and economical substrate options are often locally available organic waste materials. In the high elevation desert of Potosi, Bolivia, the low productivity landscape limits their availability. In this study, several locally available organic wastes were identified and evaluated as potential VFC substrates in a preliminary laboratory batch study to assist in passive treatment system design. Brewery waste, llama manure and cow manure were collected from three nearby locations. Two abandoned mine water discharges with different properties were collected near Cerro Rico de Potosi. Discharge water A had an initial pH of 2.96, a specific conductivity of 3.310 mS/cm and acidity of 1350 mg/L as CaCO3 equivalent. Discharge water B had an initial pH of 3.85, specific conductivity of 1.867 mS/cm and acidity of 1000 mg/L. Triplicate batch reactors were set up in 1-L cubitainers with each potential substrate exposed to each AMD, yielding a total of 18 bioreactors which were exposed for 9 days and sampled two times for analysis of anions and dissolved metals. Substrate samples were collected for microbial analysis including iron reducing bacteria (IRB), sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), fermenters and nitrifiers. Cow manure reactors exhibited the greatest pH, alkalinity and specific conductance increases. Brewery waste reactors did not show any increase in pH. However, sulfate concentrations only decreased in brewery waste reactors, from 2595 mg/L in discharge water A and 1105 mg/L discharge water B to 1350±202 mg/L and 669±31 mg/L respectively. Discharge water A had a minimal impact on microbial groups tested. SRB populations were higher for brewery and cow manure reactors. Fermentative bacteria were higher in llama and cow manure reactors. Results from this short-term experiment suggest that llama and cow manure may be appropriate locally available substrates. Additional longer-term studies are needed to determine the best mix of substrates to be used in a VFC in Potosi, Bolivia.


The discovery of insulin in 1920s revolutionized the management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. The evolution of insulin over the last nine decades has seen three phases, namely discovery and understanding of the molecule, advances in synthesis of the molecule and advancements in the optimization of insulin structure and delivery. These advances aim to minimize hypoglycemia while simultaneously improving anti-hyperglycemic efficacy. Glucose-responsive insulin (GRI) systems were first conceptualized in 1979. These are novel insulin formulations that provide anti hyperglycemic activity appropriate to circulating glucose levels but with a mechanism to avoid hypoglycemia, that often accompanies stringent glycemic control. GRIs are of three major typesalgorithm-based mechanical, polymer-based, molecular GRI analog systems. They differ in the mechanisms of achieving glucose responsiveness. Algorithm-based systems are closed loop insulin pumps that adjust insulin delivery commensurate with blood glucose levels on the basis of predetermined algorithms, that terminate or increase insulin delivery according to blood glucose trends. The second category of GRI includes glucose-responsive polymer-based matrices that house insulin, releasing insulin as needed based on ambient glucose levels. The third approach is to incorporate glucose sensitive motifs in the insulin molecule itself that would decrease or increase insulin availability based on blood glucose levels. The mechanisms behind these novel approaches to insulin delivery and action will be the focus of this review article. Correspondence: Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All Dr. Aishwarya Krishnamurthy, India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi-110029. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Introduction The prognosis for patients with youth-onset diabetes mellitus was poor till the discovery of insulin in the early 1920s. This was preceded by several other complementary discoveries. Paul Langerhans identified islet cells in the pancreas while pursuing doctoral studies in 1869 (1). Twenty years later, in 1889, German researchers Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering observed that removal of pancreas in dogs led to them developing symptoms suggestive of diabetes mellitus (2). In 1921, Frederick Grant Banting, an orthopedic surgeon and Charles Herbert Best, a medical student were able to extract insulin from dog's pancreas. They received the Nobel Prize for Medicine /Physiology in 1923 (3) for the discovery. Mayer et al have described the chemical aspects of insulin's history in three distinct phases (4). Initial phase of 30 years culminated in protein sequencing of the insulin molecule by Sanger et al in 1954 (5). In the second phase, developments were related to advances in insulin synthesis in the laboratory by chemical synthesis, semi-synthesis and rDNA technology in 1970s (6). This provided unlimited amounts of pure insulin as an alternative to animal insulin. The third phase of insulin development Published online: 2020-05-08


The hazardous psychoactive designer drugs are compounds in which part of the molecular structure of a stimulant or narcotic has been modified. A quantitative structure-retention relationship (QSRR) study based on a Levenberg-Marquardt artificial neural network (L-M ANN) was carried out for the prediction of the capacity factor (k′) of hazardous psychoactive designer drugs that contain Tryptamine, Phenylethylamine and Piperazine. The genetic algorithm-partial least squares (GA-PLS) method was used as a variable selection tool. A PLS method was used to select the best descriptors and the selected descriptors were used as input neurons in neural network model. For choosing the best predictive model from among comparable models, square correlation coefficient (R2) for the whole set is suggested to be a good criterion. Finally, to improve the results, structure-retention relationships were followed by nonlinear approach using artificial neural networks and consequently better results were obtained. Also this demonstrates the advantages of L-M ANN. This is the first research on the QSRR of the designer drugs using the GA-PLS and L-M ANN.


Improving aperture utilization is one of the most concerned problems in the research of reflector-based compact antenna test range (CATR). Coaxial cavity feed with a shaped pattern has been used to obtain a higher aperture efficiency than the edge processing on the reflector in single parabolic reflector CATR. But the cross-polarization isolation needs to be further improved when higher aperture efficiency is obtained. The conjugate matched feed can effectively reduce the cross-polarization level in secondary field radiation pattern of an offset parabolic reflector antenna system. In this paper, a conjugate matched coaxial cavity horn feed is designed to achieve a higher cross-polarization isolation when a high quiet zone (QZ) usage is obtained in a single parabolic reflector CATR. The simulation results demonstrate that the QZ usage can reach up to 70% and the cross-polarization isolation is greater than 33 dB at 106 GHz in a single reflector CATR.


A new signal source for electric impedance tomography system is developed to improve the high-frequency performance and to reduce the noise level of the old one. Complex programmable logic device is employed to replace all of general ones in this signal source. The signal source can work well when clock frequency is increased to 60MHz, and thus the system can generate the single-frequency signals from 0 to 117kHz. The glitches in output are also less than 4mVp-p. So, complex programmable logic device can improve the system's high-frequency performance and signal to noise ratio.


In this paper we describe the recent advances in the field of Power Transformer (PT) diagnostic using both Montecarlo Simulation Techniques (MCT) and Fit Tech- niques (FT), such that the monitoring and diagnostic results can assist people for problem solving purposes.


One of the major controversies in neurotology is the bewilder ing multiplication of terminology. Terms are used to denominate presence or absence, the plane, direction, intensity, the environ mental condition, and the eliciting factor of vestibular nystag mus. In addition to one and the same nystagmic phenomenon, new ad hoc expressions or terms are created by the individual observer or investigator, resulting in a jungle of words and phrases of Latin-Greek-English origin.


Software employing Eppler's improved table look-up approach to pattern recognition has been developed, and results from this software are presented. The look-up table for each class is a computer representation of a hyperellipsoid in four dimensional space. During implementation of the software Eppler's look-up procedure was modified to include multiple ranges in order to accommodate hollow regions in the ellipsoids. In a typical ERTS classification run less than 6000 36-bit computer words were required to store tables for 24 classes. Classification results from the improved table look-up are identical with those produced by the conventional method, i.e., by calculation of the maximum likelihood decision rule at the moment of classification. With the new look-up approach an entire ERTS MSS frame can be classified into 24 classes in 1.3 hours, compared to 22.5 hours required by the conventional method. The new software is coded completely in FORTRAN to facilitate transfer to other digital computers.


Phenobarbitone, prominal and primidone protect mice from insulin convulsions and raise their lowered cerebral hemisphere GABA content. Phenobarbitone and primidone are superior to prominal and produce a significant increase in the insulin depleted GABA content. Isoniazid potentiates insulin convulsions and significantly lowers the insulin depleted GABA content. It is probable that insulin depletion of cerebral hemisphere GABA content is a rationale of hypolgycaemic convulsions.


This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the academic advising program in guiding registered students enrolled at Abu Dhabi Education and Vocational Training Institute in the areas of: admission and registration procedures; the academic advisor; induction and orientation programs in view of variables of gender; level of study; academic major; and students' suggestions about the academic advising program. The sample consisted of 226 male and female students from Al Ain branch. The study was condicted during the academic year 2015-2016. The researcher used a survey questionnaire and conducted interviews with a focus group as instruments to


In fact, information literacy is the basic network media support quality that students must have in the current large data analysis period. It can also be considered as one of the comprehensive qualities that contemporary comprehensive talents should possess[1]. Especially in the current large data analysis technology environment, the ability of information integration and processing has become the basic literacy of network media talents. In order to help the society fully cope with the pressure of data and information generated by data on economic development, we must cultivate the information literacy ability of today's students as soon as possible. How to develop a set of perfect training program has become the focus of contemporary network media workers.


This study utilized a case study approach to assess the performance of Chewaka resettlement scheme in attaining food security. Primary data were collected using pre-tested questionnaires, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and personal observations while secondary data were mainly from reports from various government departments and organizations involved in resettlement. Study results showed that beneficiaries of Chewaka resettlement scheme had relatively larger and productive landholdings than in their areas of origin. While access to food generally improved, some households still faced food shortages and suffered from food shortage related illnesses. Major challenges that they faced included lack of access to technology such as improved farm implements, improved seed varieties, use of fertilizers, provision of extension services and irrigation facilities. The study concluded by noting that the resettlement program had the potential to improve the food security situation of resettlers if only it were fully supported by all stakeholders.


Competition for highly qualified African American faculty members among elite universities in the United States remains keen. Two of the most successful research universities at recruiting African American faculty members are located in the Southeast. Employing a conceptual framework grounded in organizational culture and climate literature, in this qualitative study the authors identified sets of tangible, intangible, and non-work-related factors that influenced the decisions of 12 African American faculty members in several disciplines to accept positions at an elite private research university in the Southeast. Study participants identified other factors not included in the original conceptual framework that also played significant roles in their decisions to accept positions at this university. Understanding such factors may assist other elite research universities in developing recruiting strategies to compete more effectively for African American faculty members.


STIs in prepubertal children are uncommon. As in adults, sexually transmitted organisms can be carried asymptomatically. In children considered at risk of sexual abuse, best practice is to exclude sexually transmitted organisms. The presence of a sexually transmitted organism does not prove sexual contact, but may, with other findings, be used for evidential purposes. Some organisms may be transmitted vertically and through non-sexual means, making the significance of diagnosing such infections problematic. Adolescents have the highest prevalences of STIs. With changes in sexual behaviour over the last decade, sexual intercourse under the age of 16 years is often consensual. Issues of coercion should be considered and appropriate action taken in cases where there are concerns. Chlamydia trachomatis remains the most common STI. Young people are more susceptible to contracting STIs, probably through physiology but also sexual behaviour. Confidentiality remains a key consideration for young people using sexual health services.


Apparent molar heat capacities and volumes at 25 /sup 0/C have been determined for aqueous H/sub 2/EDTA/sup 2 -/ and for the complexes of aqueous EDTA/sup 4 -/ with Ca/sup 2 +/, Mg/sup 2 +/, Al/sup 3 +/, Fe/sup 3 +/, Mn/sup 2 +/, Co/sup 2 +/, Ni/sup 2 +/, Cu/sup 2 +/, and Zn/sup 2 +/, all as the sodium salts. The standard-state partial molar heat capacities, anti C/sub p//sup 0/, and volumes, anti V/sup 0/, derived from these measurements were treated by using the simple Born model to calculate the coulombic effects on the surrounding water. The non-Coulombic contributions to anti C/sub p//sup 0/ and anti V/sup 0/ are very similar for all the complexes, and small systematic variations are consistent with known structures of the aqueous complexes. Values for the partial molar properties anti C/sub p/ and anti V were combined with critically evaluated literature data to calculate the temperature dependence of the stability constants at 0.1 m ionic strength. The relative stability of the complex ions MgEDTA/sup 2 -/(aq), FeEDTA/sup -/(aq), and AlEDTA/sup -/(aq) increase sharply relative to CaEDTA/sup 2 -/(aq) and the complexes with other M/sup 2 +/ ions. 58 references, 6 figures, 7 tables.


: The crystals of copper sulfate pentahydrate prepared from laboratories have different shapes and crystallographic planes. Based on the theory of crystal growth and the symmetry theory, this manuscript makes a rough explanation. According to crystallographic data, the microstructures of the currently known copper sulfate pentahydrate, trihydrate, and monohydrate are discussed. A new dehydration process and the microstructure of copper sulfate dihydrate are also proposed.


A 62-year-old woman, was admitted to our hospital complaining of tarry stool, lower abdominal pain and abdominal dilatation. Gastrographin enema, abdominal CT, and colon fiber revealed intussusception of the sigmoid colon. The patient was treated with conservative reduction with Ba enema. After conservative reduction, Ba enema and colon fiber revealed a sigmoid colon cancer (Borrman-1 type).The patient underwent surgery for the sigmoid colon cancer. The operation revealed that the tumor, about 6 cm in size and about 12 cm from the paritoneal reflection, was S1P0H0M0 in Stage II, R3 resection was performed. The microscopic examination established the diagnosis of papillo-tubular adenocarcinoma, ssB, n(-), ly3, v1aw(-), ow(-), Dukes-B. Adult intussusception is a compartively rare disease as compared to child. It matters whether tussusception is associated with cancer or not, in view of treating and predicting the prognosis. This paper discribes our recent experience of a case of sigmoid colon cancer with intussuception in light of the related literature.


Hydrogen-deuterium exchange reaction of 2-methylpyridine has been studied by using several carboxylic acids as a catalyst in deuterium oxide. The reaction was carried out in a sealed pyrex tube at 120°C, and the contents of the product were determined by mass spectrometry. The exchange rate catalyzed by acids (DCl, RCO2H : R=CH3, ClCH2, Cl2CH, Cl3C, CF3, Ar) is larger than that by bases (NaOD, NaOAc). At lower acid concentrations, strong acids (DCl, RCO2H : R=CF3, Cl2CH, ClCH2) are more effective than acetic acid, while at higher acid concentrations vice versa. For the acetic acid catalyzed exchange, the rate increases with increasing the initial concentrations of the substrate and acid. For the reaction by the strong acids, the rate increases up to a maximum and then decreases with increasing the acid concentration, higher conversion being observed at higher concentration of the substrare. A possible reaction mechanism is proposed and discussed.


The simulation and design process of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filters need accurate models for their used components. Common mode chokes, which are essential filter components, exhibit a complex behavior that is usually hard to model for the purpose of transient circuit simulation. This article gives an easy method of modeling such components as long as hysteretic effects can be neglected. The process presented produces an easy to setup and easy to use SPICE model. The incorporated effects are the frequency dependent impedance behavior as well as the nonlinear effect from saturation processes. Both effects are well separated in the model and require only data from the manufacturer, thereby circumventing data fitting methods and measurements on samples with their lead and shipping time efforts. The frequency dependent behavior is modeled via a discrete RL-ladder model whereas the nonlinear effects are integrated via treating the saturation as a phase transition. The choke modeling technique was verified for a typical current pulse shape. The comparison between the measurement and the simulation model showed a good match, especially for the maximum amplitude of the current pulse shape, which is essential to determine saturation.


An homologous in vitro assay for yeast nonsense suppressors was used to examine the effect of the cytoplasmically inherited genetic determinant [psi] on the efficiency of in vitro nonsense suppression. The efficiency of all three types of yeast tRNA-mediated nonsense suppressor (ochre, amber, and UGA) is much greater in celkfree lysates prepared from a sup' [psi'] strain than in lysates prepared from an isogeneic sup' [psi-] strain. Lysates prepared from a [psi-] strain, into which the [psi'] determinant was reintroduced by karl-mediated cytoduction, support efficient suppression. Evidence is also presented that [psi-] lysates contain an inhibitor of in vitro nonsense suppression. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nonsense suppressors that are specific for ochre, amber, or UGA nonsense mutations have been genetically identified (for recent reviews, see refs. 1 and 2). Biochemical studies have demonstrated that both ochre and amber suppression in S. cerevisiae is mediated by mutant tRNAs (3-5) and that the suppressor tRNAs contain the predicted single base pair changes within the anticodon (610). No detailed biochemical studies have been carried out on S. cerevisiae UGA suppressors although at least one codes for a mutant tRNA (11). Extensive studies with the Schizosaccharomyces pombe UGA suppressors SUP3-e and SUP8-e have clearly demonstrated that they code for mutant tRNAs (12-14). A number of genetic modifiers alter the efficiency of S. cerevisiae nonsense suppressors, in particular ochre suppressors. These are the nuclear antisuppressors that decrease the efficiency of ochre suppression (15, 16) and the nuclear allosuppressors that increase the efficiency of ochre suppression (17, 18). A third genetic modifier is the cytoplasmically inherited [psi] factor; ochre suppression is much more efficient in [psi'] strains than in [psi-] strains (19-21). [psi] has no effect on the efficiency of amber suppressors (22) and its effect on UGA suppressors has not been examined. The biochemical alterations caused by these mutations are unknown with the exception of one antisuppressor (designated mod 5). Strains carrying this mutation lack the isopentyladenosine (i6A) modification normally found adjacent to the anticodon of certain yeast tRNAs (23). An identical antisuppressor mutant (designated sin 1) has been described in Sch. pombe (24). It is anticipated. that the other suppressor-modifying mutants contain either altered translational components (e.g., ribosomes, termination factors) or have some other defect in tRNA biosynthesis. To facilitate a detailed biochemical study of these genetic modifiers, we recently developed an in vitro assay system for yeast nonsense suppressors that uses an homologous cell-free translation system (5). The assay is based on the ability of yeast suppressor tRNAs to allow translational read-through of defined natural termination codons, a technique that has been successfully used to assay S. cerevisiae (3, 4, 11) and Sch. pombe (12) suppressor tRNAs in heterologous cell-free systems. In this communication we describe use of this homologous suppressor assay to study the effect of [psi] on in vitro nonsense suppression mediated by yeast suppressor tRNAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preparation of Cell-Free Lysates. Cell-free lysates were prepared from the haploid S. cerevisiae strain 465/4d (a ade 21 lys 1-1 can 1-100 ura 3-1 [rho']). This strain was originally [psi']. [psi-] derivatives were made by guanidine hydrochloride treatment (see below) and these in turn were made [psi'] again by Kar-mediated cytoduction (see below). Either 4 or 8 liters of cells, grown to logarithmic phase (ca. 1 x 107 cells per ml) in YEPD (1% bactopeptone, 1% yeast extract, 2% glucose), was used to prepare a modified S100 lysate as described (25, 26). In Vitro Assay for Nonsense Suppression. Translation assays were carried out, in 12.5 or 25 1.l, as described (5, 26) with [35S]_ methionine (7.5 or 15 ,uCi, respectively; 1,000 Ci/mmol; 1 Ci = 3.7 x 1010 Bq; Amersham) to label in vitro synthesized products. Preparation of translation products and their analysis by one-dimensional NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were as described (26). Dried gels were exposed to either Kodak No-Screen or Kodak X-Omat AR5 x-ray film at room temperature for 2-7 days. To determine relative amounts.of translation products, autoradiograms were subjected to densitometric analysis as described (5). Isolation of RNA. The origin and isolation of the mRNAs and tRNAs used in this study have been described (5, 26). Guanidine Hydrochloride Mutagenesis. [psi-] mutants of 465/4d [psi+] were induced by guanidine hydrochloride mutagenesis as follows. Logarithmic-phase cells grown in YEPD *were spread onto YEPD/2% agar plates containing 5mM guanidine hydrochloride, at a density of approximately 50 cells per plate. After 5 days of growth at 280C, colonies were isolated and their [psi] phenotype was determined by complementation analysis as described (27); 95% of the colonies that were examined were [psi-]. Cytoduction of the [psi'] Determinant. The haploid karl-i mutant allows cell fusion and therefore cytoplasmic mixing, without nuclear fusion, when mated to a haploid KARI + strain of the opposite mating type (28). A kar 1-1 [psi+] strain (MT 152/3c, a ade 2-1 his 5-2 can 1-100 leu 2 kar 1-1 [psi+]) was used to reintroduce the [psi'] determinant into a guanidine hydroAbbreviation: BMV, brome mosaic virus. t Present address: Dept. of Biochemistry, Univ. of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, England. 2824 The publication costs ofthis article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80 (1983) 2825 chloride-induced [psi-] mutant of 465/4d. The two strains were mated, and four individual zygotes were isolated by standard micromanipulation techniques (29). One of the zygotic clones that arose was replated onto YEPD/agar plates (100-150 colonies per plate). The mating type of 20 colonies was determined by complementation with a and a ade 1 strains (27). The [psi] phenotype of the a strains (i.e., cytoductants containing the 465/4d nucleus) was determined by complementation analysis (27). All 10 a strains examined were [psi'] and uracil-requiring, confirming that they contained the 465/4d nucleus.


"Kut" is the most ancient and ariginal form of Korean theatre. This study aimes at illustrating that the shamanistic theatre in Korea is not a museum item but an active source of inspiration as a rich theatrical heritage. Lee Hyun-hwa`s "Sansitkim"(Purification for the Alive, 1981) is a play about a modern ritual seeking for eternal life by eliminating mundane impurity through purification rites for the alive, not the dead. The "Woman" in the play is reborn as a new human being after her spiritual experience of death in encountering a series of hardships. It is a kind of initiation ritual. In this play the audience can experience a certain kind of ecstasy and spiritual purification in the process of ritual, even though they actually do not believe in the spiritual power of the shaman. Lee youn-taek`s "Ogu-Jukumui Hyungshik"(Ogu-A Form of Death, 1988) deals with sacrificial rites for the dead and has plentiful ritual elements in it. It emphasizes, however, not the sacred aspect of "Kut" or rites but the significance of its playfulness and the people enjoying it. The "Kut" in Korea may easily be constructed as an activity supplication for the welfare after death. In reality it is the rites praying for beattitude of the people living here and now. The play takes rituals as something routine and at the same time elevates the routine to the level of theatre. In short, "Ogu-A Form of Death" intends to show us a turmoil or feast of life packed with vitality. Oh Tae-suk`s "Baekmakang Dalbamae"(In the Moonlight at the Baekma River, 1993) presents exquisite mixture of this world and the other world, or reality and history, crossing freely over the barrier of the time and space in the process of "Pyulshin Kut" which tries to console vengeful sprits at the time of downfall of Baekjae Dynasty. It materializes visually the traditional Korean thinking that the lives of this world and the other world and the lives of the past and the present are not divided but exist together in the eternal continum of life. The play effectively employs the alternation of tension and release, a traditional technique resorted generously to in the Korean traditional performing arts including "Kut". By deconstructing and rearranging the history of the downfall period of the Baekjae Dynasty, the play succeeds in transcending the grudge of internecine feud to composite rituals for reconciliation and blessing. The "Kut" does not have much significance as religious rites to the modern Koreans any more, but it exerts much influence on the arts and theatre of today. It is true that the "Kut" itself has been waning, but instead it has become a very important subject for today`s theatre with the substance and playfulness it has adhered to. The form of play, excitiment, and ecstasy existing in the "Kut" can be effectively employed for the mpdem drama which seeks for positive interchange and participation of the audience. The "Kut" which used to restore broken order of Nature and to reconcilliate peace between man and God can function as a momentum to instill healthy life power into the highly civilized society of today which is maimed in spirit because of extreme materialism.


It appears that much that has been supposed about The Mysterious Stranger , and indeed about Twain's later period, may have to be reconsidered. The theory that he "saved himself in the end" by writing the story that has been published (actually the "EseldorP' version and the "Print Shop" conclusion) has been widely accepted as a basis for explaining what happened to him and to his literary work. The findings do not support that theory, and there seems to be a need for reappraisal and reinterpretation. It is hoped that this study of Mark Twain's writing of the several versions of The Mysterious Stranger will to some degree contribute toward a better understanding of the direction and the tendency of his later writings. John S. Tuckey, Mark Twain and Little Satan: The Writing of The Mysterious Stranger


ABSTRACT This study offers a prescriptive review of the current status of Reddit in communication research. We analyze the characteristics of studies utilizing Reddit in the field of communication, examine the functions of Reddit within those studies, and identify future directions emerging from the analysis. Findings describe characteristics (e.g. methodologies, publication outlets, disciplinary affiliations, and use of theory) of communication studies utilizing Reddit. Findings also indicate three functions of Reddit in communication research and four future directions, one of which is the increased uptake of automated data sampling techniques. Thus, we supply a model script for scraping Reddit data using R. The discussion includes six best practices which assist scholars of communication seeking to utilize Reddit within their own research programs.


Penn State — For binaries whose sky position, orientation, and chirp mass M c are known, the observed gravitational wave amplitude of the binary system is a direct measure of the distance to the binary. In a similar spirit, the distance to radio pulsars can be inferred from pulsar observations from the disper-sion measure, the integrated column density of electrons along the line of sight to a pulsar that causes an observational broadening of a radio pulse. This talk considers a multi-messenger observation of galactic binary systems that contain a pulsar com-ponent detectable in the electromagnetic spectrum, and a detectable gravitational wave signal, and demonstrates how the two independent distance measures can be used to measure the electron column density along the line of sight to the pulsar.


Parents? reports are accepted in practice and can be a valid and reliable
 source of information in research on children?s communicative development
 and any delays in this. Nevertheless, parents? reports may have important
 limitations that need to be considered: parental positive bias; parents?
 understanding of the child language comprehension; and parents? education
 and limited linguistic knowledge. In this paper, we take the stance that
 parents are most interested in an adequate assessment, and obtaining
 reliable input from them is certainly important. We amplify the voice of
 parents by synthesizing their experiences with a parental report inventory
 as a method based on the usage of the adapted version of the MacArthur-Bates
 Communicative Development Inventory. With that aim, we conducted a
 qualitative inductive thematic analysis of focus group discussions and
 additional open-ended validation questions. Six emerging themes and
 sub-themes were identified and presented with illustrative quotations.
 Results revealed that the adaptation of original CDIs to languages with
 radically different morpho-syntactic structures may produce items that are
 hard to recognize and understand without a context. We bring to light
 parent-specific difficulties in performing this task and provide a critical
 understanding of parents? reports as a method of language development
 assessment. We discuss potential solutions to parents? dilemmas that
 inevitably arise when reporting on their child?s communication, as well as
 answers to researchers?/practitioners? dilemmas regarding the validity and
 reliability of parental reporting.