The article is devoted to digital differentiation of the largest cities in Russia. The study was conducted using a methodology for assessing the level of development of the technology of «Smart City», prepared by the National Research Institute of technology and communications. The study identified the trend towards increasing digital distortions in the operating model for the creation of a «smart» cities, as well as the factors affecting the impact of the introduction of digital technologies in the largest cities of Russia. The study recommendations complement techniques to assess the digitalization of the largest Russian cities indicators characterizing the financial security technology «smart» cities, the ratio of supply and demand for digital technology and the objectives for the development of the digital economy in Russia in the municipal programmes. The results of this research can be used for analysis of digital programs and projects, as well as in the formulation of the strategy for the development of Russia's major cities.


FIELD: machine engineering. SUBSTANCE: piston compressor plant is presented comprising a turbine, a piston compressor, driven by said turbine, and a reducer located between turbine and said piston compressor. Said turbine is provided with a shaft rotation device designed to provide its slow rotation during the shaft rotation mode. In this case, there is a coupling between the turbine and the compressor providing mechanical disconnection of the turbine from the piston compressor during transient operation mode of said plant. EFFECT: improved reliability of the turbine plant in transient modes. 22 cl, 7 dwg


We report a single patient with acute intermittent porphyria whose porphyria was successfully treated with orthotopic liver transplantation. She had a very poor quality of life as a result of years of frequent acute porphyria symptoms manifesting as abdominal pain crises. After transplantation, clinical signs of porphyria resolved as expected. This case adds to a growing body of literature which is assisting to formulate the indications for, and the timing of, transplantation for AIP.


In July of this year the SEG, in partnership with the Oil & Gas Journal, began a new effort to gather and publish monthly statistics on world-wide seismic exploration activity. You can see the first result of that effort on page 1180. For success, this project needs the long-term cooperation of all organizations that operate seismic exploration field crews. To encourage that cooperation, on this "President's Page" I will describe the new crew-count effort, explain how it works, and look at the important issue of data confidentiality.


A solvothermal process was used to synthesize LiFePO4 nanomaterials for lithium ion batteries. Reaction parameters such as reaction temperature and residence time were explored to obtain the optimal LiFePO4 sample. A three-stage reaction mechanism is proposed to better understand the solvothermal synthesis process. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy were used to investigate the prepared samples under different conditions. The LiFePO4 formation reaction occurred at a temperature as low as 89 °C. Defect analysis results showed that after 4 h of solvothermal treatment the concentration of lithium vacancy and Li–Fe antisite defects was too low to be detected. The charge–discharge data of the obtained LiFePO4 showed that the carbon-coated LiFePO4 samples prepared at 180 °C after 4 h of solvothermal treatment had a discharge capacity of 160.6 mA h g–1 at a discharge rate of 0.1C and 129.6 mA h g–1 at 10C.


A panel of experts gathered in San Francisco in February to ask, can 100 million transistors in a 100-square-millimeter die be designed in 100 days? And the answer was … maybe. The good news is that the notorious productivity gap is being closed by re-use and platform-based design, but only for digital and memory-intensive circuits, as industry is increasingly looking to integrate and re-use analog circuits. The gap exists between the slower growth in design productivity over manufacturing productivity, and analog circuits are proving resistant to design automation and still require — and get — much handcrafting. These were the observations of the panel of EDA and System-On-Chip experts gathered at International Solid-State Circuits Conference.


[Extract]: The concept of active and empowered patients able to effectively partake in the management of their health requires insights into the diverse range of potential information and how this information is used and integrated into the decision-making. Uses and Gratification Theory suggests that people actively seek out information from specific media such as the internet to satisfy specific needs or achieve specific goals which may extend beyond information to encompass social and psychological needs(Hou & Shim, 2010). Current focus has been on post-consultation information seeking (Li, Orrange, Kravitz, & Bell, 2014) particularly if the consultation was evaluated as unsatisfactory by the patient (Bell, Hu, Orrange, & Kravitz, 2011). Motivations for, and extent of online searches pre-consultation is not well understood, despite it being claimed to result in more productive visits (Lee, 2008). Doctors may view patients who have accessed online information pre-consultation as a burden due to the time needed to evaluate the information, correct misconceptions and modify unrealistic patient expectations, even if patients themselves feel empowered by their prior information gathering (Massey, 2013; Tustin, 2010). It is likely that there are diverse patient segments with differing information acquisition strategies and resulting outcomes (Acosta-Deprez et al., 2013). There is thus a clear need to understand the use of digital media such as the Internet as a health information source across patient segments and to understand the consequences, both positive and negative, of information seeking behaviours using such sources for both the patient and the medical practitioner. From this understanding, strategies to help medical practitioners respond effectively to patients who have gathered online health information can be developed.


Six hundred fifty‐eight students graduating from the University of Arizona between 1983 and 1990 were included in an analysis of specialty selection (family practice vs. non‐family practice) and academic achievement as measured by undergraduate science and nonscience grade point averages, Medical College Admissions Test scores, National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Part I and Part II scores, and family practice clerkship evaluations. Students choosing family practice scored lower on NBME Parts I and II than students who did not choose family practice. These differences were stable over time. However, there were no differences in scores among students choosing family practice, pediatrics, and internal medicine. Students choosing family practice and non‐family practice specialties did not differ on scores received in the family practice clerkship evaluations.


The Utility Fuel Inventory Model UFIM is an inventory modeling system designed to help electric utilities set long-term fuel inventory strategy. It is currently in use by more than 50 utilities. This paper describes the model, its use and one of its first applications. The paper has several objectives: i to illustrate the value of integrating different model forms-both analytical and simulation-to solve a complex multiple-issue decision problem; ii to illustrate a process for using the model to help the user understand the inventory problem; iii to illustrate the use of auxiliary simplified models to build insight and to complement judgment; and iv to document an application demonstrating significant cost savings for the electric utility industry.


We introduce a new class of metamaterials that allow simultaneous spatial and temporal control of electromagnetic waveforms and present for the first time the generation of flying doughnuts, single-cycle pulses of toroidal topology.


In order to study the combined operating characteristics of solar water-source heat pump under heating conditions,renewable energy construction project evaluation criteria method was introduced.The heating efficiency of the solar collector system and water source heat pump system in different conditions are obtained according to the simulation studies and analysis of Changsha in winter conditions.The results show that introduction of solar energy can avoid the emergence of water source heat pump units winter long-running decline in the performance of the heating and frequently into the phenomenon of protective conditions.When the evaporator inlet water temperature is around 22 ℃,the unit COP increase by 9.13% than the evaporator inlet water temperature is 10 ℃and it reach an optimal value.


Performance with prompt ignition and steady combustion is the most important assessment for a hypergolic bipropellant based on hydrogen peroxide and kerosene (alcohol). In this paper, approaches for acquiring self-ignitable H2O2/kerosene (alcohol) bipropellants and their ignition and combustion performances with a specially designed dropping-test equipment and three kinds of thrust engines are presented. Effects such as fuel composition, oxidant to fuel ratio, entry sequence, ignition delay and hydrogen peroxide concentration on propulsive performance were evaluated. The results show that an improved performance has obtained on H2O2/kerosene bipropellant, and the hypergolic fuel could even self-ignite with 90% H2O2. Meanwhile, a novel performance was also obtained by combining hydrogen peroxide with methanol and ethanol fuel. A highly promising potential has been revealed for the application of hypergolic bipropellants based on hydrogen peroxide.


Maintenance of the plasma glucose concentration is crucial to survival of the brain and, therefore, the organism. Rapidly induced hypoglycaemia elicits an array of neuroendocrine responses that includes increased secretion of pancreatic glucagon and adrenomedullary epinephrine [ I , 21. Recent studies in humans indicate that glucagon plays a primary role in promoting glucose recovery, that epinephrine compensates largely for deficient glucagon secretion and that recovery from hypoglycaemia fails to occur only in the absence of both glucagon and epinephrine secretion [3-51. To the extent that they have deficient glucagon secretory responses, as they commonly do [6], patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus are dependent upon epinephrine to promote recovery from hypoglycaemia [7]. I f deficient epinephrine secretory responses develop as the result ofdiabetic adrenergic neuropathy [8]. such patients become defenceless against hypoglycaemia [9]. Glucagon acts primarily. perhaps exclusively, on the liver to increase glucose production under physiologic conditions. The mechanisms by which epinephrine raises the plasma glucose concentration are more complex. They involve both direct and indirect actions and are mediated through both aand Y-adrenergic receptors [ 10-12]. Alpha-adrenergic limitation of insulin secretion is an important indirect hyperglycaemic action of epinephrine. Beta-adrenergic stimulation of glucagon secretion also occurs (131 although its contribution to the hyperglycaemic response has been questioned [14]. Epinephrine acts directly to increase hepatic glucose production, an effect mediated predominantly, but not exclusively, through 8-adrenergic mechanisms in humans. In addition, it limits glucose utilization, also through 8-adrenergic mechanisms. Epinephrine induced increments in hepatic glucose production, like those produced by glucagon, are transient over about 90 min although both hormones continue to support glucose production at basal rates. In contrast, epinephrine induced limitation of glucose utilization is persistent. Thus, epinephrine induced increments in plasma glucose are sustained whereas glucagon induced increments are transient. The neuroendocrine responses to hypoglycaemia also result in a variety of physiologic changes unrelated to glucoregulation. Tachycardia, resulting in part from sympathoadrenal activation, is well recognized. Other haemodynamic effects are partially masked by the


To locate a prey a predator may rely on information originating from the habitat or the food of the prey, from the prey itself or its feeding activities. This study examines the origin of information used by the soil living predatory mite Hypoaspis aculeifer (Canestrini) when foraging for a fungivorous collembolan prey Folsomia f metaria (L.). Preference experiments were performed in Petri dishes, where the mite chose between fungal or agar cores with or without prey traces. The mite was attracted to fungi, but not to prey-related cues or other cues induced by grazing of collembolans. This suggests a foraging strategy of a generalist predator that mainly relies on fungal stimuli that lead to an area, where the probability of encountering fungivorous prey is high.


We propose, following Langacker (2000, 2009), that the core difference in the distinct interpretation of adverbially-qualified sentences in Spanish is related to the aspectual conceptualization of habituality and iterativity. That is, the perfective signals that the component events of individual instances of the event are anchored to particular points in time, whereas the imperfective signals that the component events are not anchored to any particular points in time. We qualify the previous assertion, however, with empirical data that shows that native speakers of Spanish tend to judge the imperfective form more felicitous than the perfective form, irrespective of the adverbial nature of the context that frames the verbal predicate. For that purpose, we analyze the proposed effect of accidental versus non-accidental contexts (cf. Menéndez-Benito 2001). Furthermore, we argue that type of adverbial does not seem to have a differential effect on the judgments of native speakers either. We conclude that tense, seems to be the factor that most clearly affects the selection of past tense morphological marker, with the use of remote past tense contexts favoring the use of the Imperfect.


Proof. Let p ∈ D be a point. We already saw in one of the early exercises that Kp = StabHol(D)+(p) is compact. The map g ∈ Hol(D)+ 7→ gp ∈ D gives a homeomorphism Hol(D)/Kp ' D. Note that Kp ∩ Γ is finite since Γ is discrete and Kp is compact. This already shows that if Γ is torsion-free then Γ acts freely on D. Next, we need to show that D(Γ) = Γ\D equipped with the quotient topology for π : D → Γ\D is Hausdorff. Let x, y ∈ D be two points not in the same Γ-orbit. Then there exist opens U 3 x and V 3 y such that U ∩ gV = ∅ for any g ∈ Γ. This shows that π(x) and π(y) are separated by π(U) and π(V ), hence, D(Γ) is Hausdorff. To show that D(Γ) is a manifold, we note that p has a neighborhood U 3 p such that gU∩U = ∅ for any g ∈ Γ (which means that U → π(U) is a local homeomorphism at p). To get the complex structure on D(Γ), declare a function f : D(Γ)→ C to be homeomorphic if f◦ π is homeomorphic. The holomorphic functions on D(Γ) form a sheaf and π is a local isomorphism of ringed spaces. Thus, the sheaf defines complex structure on D(Γ) for which π is a local isomorphism of complex manifolds.


Various models of the X-ray background are discussed. It is postulated that the only explanation consistent with all the existing data is discrete sources. Present observational material suggests that known classes of active galactic nuclei also dominate the source counts below the lowest detectable flux levels.


Glenohumeral bone defects are a typical finding in shoulder dislocation and they are intensely connected with the reappearance of dislocation and failure following arthroscopic Bankart repair. Advanced imaging assessment should subsequently be performed in order to recognize, quantify and portray the bone defects. Despite the fact that magnetic resonance has significant value in the appraisal of the glenoid labrum and rotator cuff, computed tomography scan is the examination of choice for studying bone defects. The imaging methodology selected for shoulder dislocation relies upon its accessibility and the treatment plan for a specific patient. Radiography is economical and is promptly accessible. It ought to be executed as the underlying imaging examination in patients giving a clinical issue identified with the shoulder. It complements the other advanced methods and gives an outline of the bony components of the shoulder joint. In few patients, radiography obviates additional imaging.


The Yoruba: from Prehistory to the Present by Aribidesi Usman and Toyin Falola (2019) and The Yoruba: A New History (2020) by Akinwunmi Ogundiran are two monumental contributions to the history of the Yoruba written in the twenty-first century. In addition to earlier works on the Yoruba by scholars such as Samuel Johnson (1921) and Akin Akinjogbin (2002), amongst others, these two books, published a year apart, both provide unique perspectives on the Yoruba in the long durée drawing on continued archaeological work done in the area. Nevertheless, these are two very different books. Aribidesi and Falola's work explores the development of Yoruba as a cultural complex within a cultural-historical framework. Ogundiran's work examines the different processes that shape Yoruba lifeways and communal practices up to the 1840s with relevance to the present. Here, the focus is on the development of lived experiences of the group, analysed with a more post-processual theoretical outlook.


Image processing is a method that takes image as input and performs some operation on it and gives image as output. It takes input as photograph or video frame and gives output as the parameters related to that image. Image processing will enhance the image by taking the useful information from it .Image processing will take the image as two dimensional signals. Two methods are used for image processing analog and digital image processing. Image processing is a growing technology and can be used in a various fields like optical imaging, medical imaging, computer vision, computer graphics etc. This paper gives a broad view of various digital image processing techniques.


Abstract : Defense Department requirements for aviation fuels are met with purchases made in the usual competitive bidding environment. This large-scale contract bidding and selection problem is modeled as a mixed integer linear program with a special structure. The solution of this large optimization problem is approached via an algorithm employing decomposition and implicit enumeration techniques which exploit the special structure of the underlying formulation. Computational results are discussed, and a FORTRAN computer program which implements the basic algorithm (POLKA) is exhibited. (Author)


Background: Smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia are major components in in-stent restenosis. In smooth muscle cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to mediate cell proliferation. We investigated whether antioxidants inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia after carotid artery injury in a rat model. Methods: Rat aortic smooth muscle cells were stimulated by PDGF (80 ng/mL) with or without N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 1 mM. Intracellular ROS levels were measured by carboxyl-2', 7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate confocal microscopy, and cellular proliferation was evaluated by cell counting and XTT assay. Rat carotid arteries were injured with a balloon and with NAC 100 mM, pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) 100 uM, catalase 5000 u/mL, or superoxide dismutase (SOD) 2,000 u/mL. All agents were applied in pluronic gel on the periadventitial side of the injured artery. At 21 days after, the intima/media (I/M) ratios were measured. Results: In rat aortic smooth muscle cells culture, NAC inhibited PDGF-induced increase of ROS by 77% and PDGF-induced cellular growth by 45%. In balloon injured rat carotid artery, PDTC showed the most prominent effect and reduced the I/M ratio by 51% (0.94±0.32 vs. 1.96±0.14, p<0.05) versus the control. Catalase, SOD, and NAC treatments also reduced the I/M ratio (1.08±0.43, 1.30±0.31, 1.43±0.34, respectively, versus the control (1.96±0.14), all p<0.05). Conclusions: Antioxidant treatment may inhibit the proliferation of RASMC stimulated by PDGF by reducing intracellular ROS in vitro and neointimal hyperplasia


Malignant growths in the Bantu child are uncommon. The Paediatric Service of the Coronation Hospital deals with 1,500 medical paediatric in-patients a year and in five years we have encountered only four cases of embryoma of the kidney, two cases of reticulum cell sarcoma, and only one case of neuroblastoma. Ladd and Gross (1941), quoting Wyatt and Farber (1941), say that neuroblastoma is the commonest abdominal tumour in childhood. This, our only case of neuroblastoma, was admitted with the diagnosis of ' diarrhoea and an abdominal mass for investigation.' Within four weeks of admission the case showed extensive skeletal changes, including fractures. It is reported because it presents the unusual features of neuroblastoma proved to be of extrarenal origin.


This talk will look at the effects of transnational funding during four periods from 1978 to 2013 in Ecuador to illustrate its consequences for the national environmental organizations, and the secondary effects it has on the state's development trajectory. Transnational environmental funding has significantly affected Ecuador's national environmental organizations, including non -governmental organizations (NGOs) and social movement actors (together "environmentalists"). NGOs' strength ebbs and flows with transnational funding. The national environmental agenda shift to reflect the purposes of the transnational funding. During times of low transnational funding, grassroots social movement actors, who have operated independently from the transnational funding structure, have been able to shape the national environmental agenda. Environmentalists have differed in their agendas and in their support of the state's plans for natural resource use. Through environmental organizations, transnational funding affects the state's environmental and resource development policies.


This paper presents a methodology for optimal Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) sizing in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The method is based on an established mathematical relationship between generated energy, demand and storage, allowing one to determine energy deficit and supply interruption periods. Autoregressive and time series models were used to generate daily synthetic series data from a set of hourly estimated global irradiance for the city of Petrolina in Brazil. The proposed method facilitates the assessment of the performance of several possible BESS, indicate the risk of energy deficit and the possible frequency of energy interruption.


The economic situation in Russia continues to worsen because of multiple factors. Analysis of the economic situation of the Arkhangelsk region 1999-2015 reveals an earlier manifestation of the negative effects of the economic recession. Currently, the crisis is manifesting itself in the reduction of investment, increase in unemployment rates, fluctuations of prices for some industrial products. Also the forecast for the end of the year 2015 and for 2016 is not encouraging.


Objectives : This study investigated the influence of post type and loading condition on the failure resistance and primary failure mode of flared canal roots. Materials and methods : Flared post holes were prepared in 40 sound human lower premolar roots. Twenty roots received glass fiber posts with resin core (fiber specimens) and 20 received cast post-and-core (cast specimens). After cementation with resin cement, in 10 fiber and 10 cast specimens, a quasi-static bending test was performed by an Instron-type testing machine. In the other specimens, before the bending test, a bucco-lingual load was applied for 900,000 cycles using a lever-type device. Failure resistance and primary failure mode in relation with post type and loading condition were statistically analyzed (significance level: 0.05). Results : After cyclic loading, all specimens were intact; therefore, they underwent the bending test. Failure resistance showed a significant difference only for the post type (p = 0.002) (two-way ANOVA). In the presence of cyclic loading, the post type significantly influenced failure resistance (p = 0.010), whereas in its absence, it showed only a tendency to influence failure resistance (p = 0.054) (Tukey test). In the cycled specimens, significantly fewer root fractures and more frequent debonding without root fracture were found in the fiber than in the cast specimens (p = 0.02) (Fisher's exact test). Conclusions : Rather than cast post-and-cores, the use of glass fiber-reinforced posts and resin core for the restoration of flared canal teeth may prevent root fracture, but debonding may occur under high loads. Niigata Dent. J. 39(1):15 24, 2009 15 ORIGINAL ARTICLE -


A population-wide study of prescriptions to treat chlamydia in Australia throughout the COVID-19 pandemic found a 26% reduction in prescription rate in April to May 2020, and the prescription rate remained an average of 21% below 2019 levels from June 2020 to July 2021. Background The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the sexual health and well-being of individuals, directly through risk of contracting COVID-19, and indirectly through government lockdowns. Government restrictions were especially strict and long-lasting in Australia, they also varied by state, offering an interesting opportunity to study the impacts of varying restrictions. This study compares the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting restrictions on chlamydia treatment prescriptions during 2020, through to July 2021 between different states and demographic groups in Australia. Methods The rate of prescriptions per 100,000 population filled each month from January 2017 to July 2021 from Australia's Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme for Azithromycin with a restricted indication to treat Chlamydia trachomatis was used to measure chlamydia treatment. The impact of COVID-19 lockdowns was modeled using an interrupted time-series Poisson regression model. Results The data included 520,025 prescriptions to treat chlamydia, averaging 37.5 prescriptions per month per 100,000 population. Prescriptions declined 26% in April to May 2020 when initial COVID-19 lockdowns began in Australia; prescriptions increased in the following months but remained on average 21% below prepandemic (2017–2019) levels through to July 2021. Prescriptions declined the most in 1 Australian state, Victoria, both in the initial lockdown and the following period; generally, states with more COVID-19 cases saw bigger reductions in prescriptions. Conclusions This is the first study to examine how treatment for chlamydia in Australia was impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions not only in the immediate-term, but also ongoing up to July 2021, providing important information for planning for sexual health services in future pandemics.


ciency of this vitamin leads to a loss of copper from the body, known as pellagra disease. The nicotinic acid derivative, N,N-diethylnicotinamide (DENA), is an important respiratory stimulant. The title compound was prepared by dissolving CoSO4·7(H2O) (2.81 g, 0.01 mol) and NA (2.44 g, 0.02 mol) in water (75 ml) and sodium-3-aminobenzoate (3.18 g, 0.02 mol) in water (25 ml) and then adding the solutions. The mixture was set aside for crystallization at ambient temperature for a few days. A structure determination of the title compound was undertaken in order to determine the ligand properties of NA and benzoate ligands, and to compare the coordination geometries when the NA ligands are substituted for water in complexes [Co(p-O2NC6H4COO)2(H2O)4] (I) and [Co(p-H2NC6H4COO)2(H2O)4] ( ). The title compound is a monomeric complex with cobalt in a center of symmetry. All ligands are monodentate and the O atoms of each water molecule and benzoate group form a slightly distorted square-planar coordination around the Co atom, which is completed to a Jahn-Teller distorted octahedron by the pyridine N atoms of NA at 2.153(3)A (Fig. 2). There are intraand inter-molecular hydrogen bonds between the nicotinamide N3 and O4 atoms [N O 2.236(6)A], and the non-coordinated O3i atom and the water O2 atom [O O 2.583(6)A, symmetry code: (i) –x, –y, –z], respectively. Similar hydrogen bonds are observed in (I) [2.59 A], ( ) [2.592(3) A], [Co(C7H5O2)2(C6H6N2O)2(H2O)2] ( ) [2.580(2)A] and [Co(C7H4NO4)2(C6H6N2O)2(H2O)2] ( ) [2.634(5)A]. The configuration around the Co atom is given by the torsion angles (Table 4). The Co atom is out of the C1, O1, O3 plane by 0.645(2)A. The dihedral angle between the carboxyl group and the phenyl ring is 24.1(4) . The corresponding ones are 13.0(2) and 23.7(3) in complexes ( ) and ( ), respectively. Most 1043 ANALYTICAL SCIENCES OCTOBER 1999, VOL. 15


This article reflects the effectiveness of the use of neural analysis in control systems of powerful devices. The features of neural network modeling in the Matlab Simulink Neural Network Toolbox software package are presented. The state of the neural network in the field of error construction in event of a change in the operating mode of an electrical installation is clearly reflected. The application of the "Adaptive Linear Prediction" function in control systems of reactive power compensation devices is proposed. The positive aspects of the application are indicated, which in combination give a positive economic effect in the field of energy efficiency industrial enterprise.


Traditional circuit analysis defines the power gain of an oscillator to be finite, since there is an output without an input. By defining power gain as the ratio of output power to input power, however, finite power gain can be characterized. Several simple circuit equations which can be used to find power gain in an oscillator circuit are presented and discussed.


In this present study, the influence of isothermal aging temperature and duration on microstructural and mechanical properties of a hot-deformed UNS S32750 super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) alloy was investigated by SEM-EBSD (scanning electron microscopy-electron backscatter diffraction) and tensile testing techniques. An isothermal aging treatment, at temperatures between 400 and 600 °C and treatment duration between 3 and 120 h, was applied to a commercial UNS S32750 SDSS alloy. Microstructural characteristics of all thermomechanical (TM) processed states, such as distribution and morphology of constituent phases, grain's modal orientation (MO), and obtained mechanical properties were analysed correlated with the TM processing conditions. The obtained experimental results show that the constituent phases, in all TM processed states, are represented by elongated γ-phase grains within the δ-phase matrix. The R-phase was observed in the case of aging treatment performed at 600 °C for 120 h. Within the δ-phase matrix, dynamically recrystallized grains were identified as a result of applying hot deformation and isothermal aging treatments. Also, it was observed that aging treatment parameters can significantly influence the mechanical behaviour exhibited by the UNS S32750 SDSS alloy, in terms of elongation to fracture and absorbed energy during impact testing.


Standard finite control set model predictive controllers (FCS–MPC) suffer from a deteriorated current quality when applied to multiphase drives. This problem has been recently mitigated with the concept of virtual voltage vectors. Its application ensures reduced current harmonics by limiting the x–y voltage injection. An intensive research effort has been done seeking for the best vector combination to provide an optimized performance in FCS–MPC. On one hand, multivector strategies including a null vector refine the effective voltage production with enhanced current quality but the dc-link utilization decreases. On the other hand, the exclusive use of large virtual vectors (LVVs) ensures a higher dc-link utilization at the price of a poorer current quality at low-voltage operation. This article first proposes an extended version of multivector strategies using a zero vector by including a quartet of voltage vectors. The usage of five switching states into the predictive approach (MV5–MPC) improves the current quality but still lacks a suitable utilization of the dc-link voltage. To overcome this limitation, the proposed MV5–MPC is combined with LVV–MPC to provide a hybrid solution that simultaneously achieves a higher current quality and a satisfactory dc-link utilization. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposal.


Long time.Sex occupational segregation is a distinct phenomenon in police administration for a It affects not only the number of the recruit, but also the position and the job content they take. It is common that policewomen receive office duty which people pay less attention to. There are some factions that improve the policemen's position in police organization: women's liberation movement, the rise of the Feminist, the marital marriage problems and the importance of the security of children and women. Moreover, according to indication of Mr. Yu, who is the ex-Minister of Interior Ministry, when he visited the " Land Area People Jinmen Processing Station" which is being preparing on December 2003, it is necessary to adjust the female police policy to solve the insufficient protection problem, and policewomen may have to on front line when they are on duty. This council, which is composed by the scholars from Commission on Women's Rights Promotion Executive Yuan, National Police Agency, Central Police University, and Taiwan Police Collage, discusses the topic about the police authority female police policy and plan the time table of the female police policy. The target in the short-term is raising the policewomen-rate from 3.4% up to 4% in 2007, and up to 4.5% in 2009, and there is no limitation in policewomen-rate after 2010. It is expected that not only the policewomen quantity will increase substantially, but also more policewomen will participate the front line duty. It's getting harder to arrange all policewomen in office duty when their number is keeping increasing. In other words, more policewomen will participate the front line duty. It is a topic to discuss the rationality of their duty in a local police station when been confront with the radical change. The methodological approach is a qualitative research design. In- depth interviews and document analysis are used to collect empirical data. The following conclusions were made in this research: 1.The interviewees believe that patrolling duty is more suitable for policemen. On the other hand, all the interviewees believe that case-reporting duty is more suitable for policewomen. With different characteristic of duties, such as high-pressure, dangerous, strenuous, uncertainty, mobility, and ministrant, the interviewees have different point of view about which duty is suitable for policemen or policewomen. 2.When it comes to a team-work duty which is a combination police forces one, such as inspect in some special business place, stop and frisk and drunk driving enforcement, a lot of interviewees believe that duty is suitable for policemen, while others think that duty is suitable for both policemen and policewomen because the different characteristics of male and female policemen may make them cooperate together well. 3.The village chiefs have same impression about the policemen and policewomen when they are on their duty. These three village chiefs all agree that both policemen and policewomen work hard and well coordinate, and they all accept both male and female policemen. The village chiefs think that policemen are brave, good physical conditions, powerful and majestic, while the policewomen are tender, mice, euphemistic, and easy to communicate with. All of these chief believe that the policewomen-rate should not be too high. They think 7:3 or 6:4 will be a suitable rate. 4.We found that all the interviewees have same point of view about the different characters of the policemen and policewomen. The following conclusions were made in this research: Characteristic of Policemen 1.Good physical conditions 2.Brave 3.Ambition 4.Majestic and tough 5.Good social skill Characteristic of Policewomen 1.Follow the rules 2.Patient, tender, and carefully 3.Good-looking and serve well 4.High emotional intelligence 5.Nice and friendly Our research also found that some issues, such as physical and psychical conditions, less-experience and insufficient education, bother policewomen when they on their duty, and these also increase policemen's pressure and loading. Here are some suggestions as follow 1.Policemen and Policewomen should coordinate to complete the night shift duty and offensive duty. 2.Policewomen should take over the police beat 3.Policemen and Policewomen should serve in turn. 4.The less-experience police should serve in an uncomplicated organization. 5.Policewomen should improve their police skill and practice more. 6.The policewomen rate should keep in a proper range. 7.Policemen and Policewomen should cooperate in a right attitude. 8.Policewomen should break the traditional sex discrimination. Keywords: police station, police beat, police operation, suitable duty


Since Markowitz [15, pp. 98–101] and Sharpe [19] developed the single-index market model (SIMM hereafter) it has received considerable research attention. Empirical tests have established the model's econometric significance [3, 12, 13] in partial equilibrim analysis. However, research into the relationship between the SIMM and its macroeconomic environment has been meager. It has been shown that the market factor changes intertemporally [13, 16, 18, 20]. However, whether these changes in the market factor and, more basically, changes in the macroeconomic situation affect the SIMM is unknown.


Inspired by the ideas of co-evolution of natural and artificial systems, we present the Co-evolutionary Ant Algorithm. The improved algorithm can weaken the contradiction between premature and converging efficiency, and is more convenient to use by the adaptive adjustment of the controlling parameters. We give the procedure of Co-evolutionary Ant Colony System (CoeACS) to settle Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a classical combinatorial optimization problem. The analysis of the computational complexity of CoeACS shows that this improved algorithm will not increase the complexity. This paper applies the CoeACS to the problem of the path planning of rock-drilling machine that can be viewed as a typical multi-objective optimization problem in discrete space, and the results validates the effectiveness of the improved algorithmic model.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


Migration of skilled health workers could result in shortage of human resources and rising inequalities in service provision in source countries. To date, most of relevant papers are focused on rate and reasons of migration while the need for conducting studies on modelling of factors is more vividly felt. The aim of this review was to determine the factors influencing the migration decisions of medical and dental graduates migrating from developing countries and to introduce a practical conceptual framework for health worker migration.

 Electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar and relevant Journals were systematically searched for English language publications from January 2009 to April 2019. The inclusion criteria were: 1) article stated factors affecting migration decisions of medical doctors and/or dentists, 2) the source country in the study was a developing country, 3) participants' primary qualification country was in a developing country,4) the study used primary data both qualitative or quantitative.

 The search identified 814 articles from which we included 23 full-text studies after applying eligibility checklist. Push and pull theory was the most popular model to describe the migration driving factors. Poor socio-economic situation, political instability, lack of professional and educational opportunities together with family concerns found as strong common push factors that perpetuate migration. The most influencing pull factors were desire for better quality of life, career and training opportunities and financial gain.

 Despite the fact that health workers migrate for different reasons, they follow a same route for decision to stay or leave their own countries. Un-fulfillment of expectations in mother land in addition to media reconstructed reality of life in foreign land can develop a positive attitude for migration Which should be considered before weighing up the push and pull factors of both sides.

 A better understanding of the migration motives of health professionals will help health authorities to improve their workforce recruitment and retention strategies and health service planning. Our simple yet comprehensive framework can mainly identify the development of migration desire through combining different models and concepts of migration, behavioral change, values, needs and so on.


The biocontrol potential of Paecilomyces lilacinus was evaluated in field conditions in two seasons during 2005-2008 at Annamalainagar and Vallambadugai of Cuddalore district of Tamilnadu, India. In the field evaluation of different doses and application methods of P. lilacinus viz ., seed treatment, seedling treatments, soil application treatments and the integration treatments produced mixed results on the growth of okra in both Annamalainagar and Vallambadugai. In two field trials of okra at two locations, shoot length, shoot weight and root length were significantly increased in mixture treatments compared to individual treatments, principally combination of seedling treatment (10g/l water) + soil application treatment (5.0 kg/acre) documented maximum shoot length (60 and 90 DAS), shoot weight (90 DAS) and root length (90 DAS) and they were positively correlated with fruit yield of okra.


Pile foundations are widely used to support high‐rise buildings, in which piles transmit foundation loads to soil strata with higher bearing capacity and stiffness. This process alters the dynamic characteristics of the pile–soil–structure system in seismically active areas, especially at a liquefiable site. A series of shaking table tests on liquefiable soils in pile group foundations of tall buildings were performed to evaluate the liquefaction process and dynamic responses of the pile, soil, and structure. The soil was composed of two layers: the upper layer was a clay layer and the lower layer was saturated sand. These layers were placed in a flexible container that was excited by El Centro earthquake events and Shanghai Bedrock waves at different levels. The test results indicate that the pore pressure ratio is gradually enhanced as the amplitude of the input acceleration increases. The liquefied sand has a filtering effect on the vibration with a high frequency and an amplified effect on the vibration with a low frequency. With increased excitation, contact pressure and strain amplitudes of the pile increase, whereas the peak acceleration magnification coefficient decreases. The seismic responses of a structure with pile–soil–structure interaction are generally smaller than those on a rigid foundation.


The dc-excited argon ion laser in an optical ring resonator has been found to oscillate spontaneously in one circulatory direction, for all but a relatively narrow range of gain levels above threshold. Near threshold the TW oscillations occur in the direction opposite that of the ionic drift motion, whereas at high excitation levels they can occur in either direction. The direction of TW oscillations at any level can be controlled or switched, either by means of an external mirror or a weakly resonant loss element which can be tuned to favor either direction. The tendency of the ion ring laser to oscillate in a single direction s attributed in part to the Doppler shift associated with the ion drift velocity, and chiefly to its large natural linewidth. Hole widths burnt in the gain-velocity profile, which are significant in mode competition, usually exceeded the mode spacing of the resonator by large margins. Physical arguments have been advanced to show that, when such large hole widths prevail, and spatial cross-relaxation depends only on ion motions, only running waves can oscillate in a ring resonator, and moreover they will all oscillate in the same direction. Close to threshold, the preferred direction for TW oscillations corresponds to that for which the gain profile is Doppler-shifted to longer wavelengths, possibly because of slightly smaller scattering losses.


This study analyses the technical characteristics of two 900 MW steam turbines installed for Phase II Project of the Waigaoqiao thermal power plant. The turbine is designed without the governing stage and its overall blade profile and steam admission are optimised. As a result, its efficiency is greatly improved, the quick start-up is guaranteed under cold, warm and hot conditions, and the vibration is minimised and stabilised under various conditions


The present invention provides a menthol and / or hydrogen peroxide and TRPA1 and / TRPV1 receptor antagonists or personal care compositions and methods of using the personal care composition.


Modular and panelized construction techniques have the potential of significantly reducing environmental impact – although much of that potential is unrealized among prefab homebuilders in the United States today. The ecoMOD project at the University of Virginia School of Architecture is intended to create a series of ecological, modular and affordable house prototypes. The goal is to demonstrate the environmental potential of prefabrication, and to challenge the modular and manufactured housing industry in the U.S. to explore this potential. In the context of this research and design/build project, an interdisciplinary group of architecture, engineering, landscape architecture, business, environmental science, planning and economics students are participating in the design, construction and evaluation phases of the project. The project is imbedded in the curriculum of the university. Working with non-profit affordable housing organizations, the built homes will be sold to low-income families with subsidies for down payments and financing. The first completed house is currently being evaluated as part of a process to determine the environmental impact of the homes during their life cycle; perceptions of the homes by the owners and neighbors; the energy efficiency of the design and equipment; the feasibility of their transfer to the modular housing industry; the life cycle costs; and the financial viability of taking the prototypes into production. The results of the evaluations will influence later designs, and the evaluation methods and recommendations will be made publicly available. The project is mostly funded, and will continue through to 2010 at a minimum.


Tests presented in our research work as an example give look into the wear and friction behaviour of some typical polymer sealing compound (POM, PEEK, PA). The measurements examine above all the effect of surface roughness onto the wear and friction behaviour wear in case of optimal loading relations. We have carried out the test in pin-on -disc system. Based on the test results we have classified the polymers on the basis of wear and friction factors. Keywords polymer tribology, sliding seals, surface roughnes, pin on disc


We examine explosive nucleosynthesis during neutrino-driven, aspherical supernovae of Population III stars, based on two-dimensional (2D) hydrodynamic simulations of the explosion of 11-40M⊙ stars with zero metallicity. The magnitude and asymmetry of the explosion energy are estimated with the simulations. By post-processing calculations with a large nuclear reaction network, we have evaluated abundances and masses of ejecta from the aspherical SNe. We find that the evaluated abundance patterns are similar to those observed in extremely metal poor stars, as shown in spherical and 2D models, in which the explosion is manually and spherically initiated. Matter mixing induced via standing accretion shock instability is important for the abundances and masses of the SN ejecta.


Pastoral agriculture in New Zealand has a long history of improving the efficiency with which fresh pasture is converted into meat, wool and dairy products. New Zealanders live in a temperate climate where rainfall and pasture growth are the main driving forces in low-input pastoral systems. The process whereby protein in fresh pasture is broken down in the rumen and reassimilated into microbial protein for use by the animal is consequently of fundamental importance to ruminant nutrition in New Zealand, and indeed elsewhere. The article appearing in a previous issue of the British Journal of Nutrition by Kingston-Smith et al. (2005) provides further evidence for a role of plant proteinases in protein breakdown in the rumen and is therefore of interest. A scan of the literature in the area of ruminal protein degradation reveals numerous reports from the points of view of animal nutrition and rumen microbiology but very few on the contributions of plants to their own demise once ingested into the rumen. Up until 1996, the generally accepted version of events in the initial stages of degradation of soluble plant protein in the rumen involved the release of proteins from masticated plant tissue, the adsorption of protein to the surface of rumen bacteria and their subsequent hydrolysis by mainly cysteine proteinases (Wallace et al. 1997). Much of the information on this process was derived from the study of animals receiving dried or ensiled forage or concentrate diets (Brock et al. 1982; Kopecny & Wallace, 1982; Prins et al. 1983; Falconer & Wallace, 1998), and protein solubility, degree of folding and cross-linking were found to be important determinants of degradability. Under these circumstances, protein breakdown was mediated by rumen microbes, principally the bacteria, while protozoa were also important in degrading insoluble protein and recycling N within the rumen by predation of bacteria (Nugent & Mangan, 1981; Brock et al. 1982). Detailed studies on rumen proteinases followed and defined the main enzymatic types found in rumen contents and correlated these with their occurrence in rumen microbial species (summarised in Wallace et al. 1997). Since 1996, a series of publications from the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research in Aberystwyth, Wales, have promoted the concept that plant proteinases may play an important role in the breakdown of protein in fresh forage diets. Theodorou et al. (1996) first raised this possibility, arguing that pasture-grazed ruminants ingest plant material that is largely composed of intact cells that are still metabolically active. Plant cell vacuoles contain proteinases that are known to be involved in proteolysis during ensilage and it was proposed that conditions found in the rumen (elevated temperature, pH and lack of O2) favoured plant cell death and increased plant proteinase activity. They also pointed out that those rumen microbes most closely associated with plant material in the rumen (cellulolytic bacteria and fungi) were either not proteolytic or had very low proteolytic activity. Subsequently, Zhu et al. (1999) examined ryegrass, red clover, white clover and bird's-foot trefoil in vitro in the presence and absence of rumen micro-organisms and measured volatile fatty acid (VFA) production and the disappearance of the large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). They found similar patterns of protein degradation both in the presence and absence of rumen micro-organisms and concluded that plant proteinases contributed significantly to plant protein breakdown in the rumen. However, significant amounts of VFA (mainly acetate) were produced during these incubations, suggesting at least some growth of microbes associated with the plant material had occurred, thus raising the possibility of protein degradation by the epiphytic microbial population. In response to these observations, Wallace et al. (2001) tested the plant proteinase hypothesis by autoclaving fresh ryegrass to rule out the action of plant-associated microbes and to inactivate plant proteinases. They found that autoclaving markedly decreased the rate of NH3 release in vitro from both chopped and blended grass compared with non-autoclaved material. However, the rate of protein breakdown in blended grass as measured by C-labelled casein hydrolysis was approximately 10 % of that usually observed in rumen fluid. They concluded that although plant proteinases had low activity, their co-location with their protein substrate within plant cells gave them a disproportional contribution to the initial stages of protein breakdown in the rumen. Further in vitro experiments by Beha et al. (2002) examined a number of plant protein and senescence parameters in ryegrass under temperature and anoxic stresses. Leaf blades incubated under rumen-like conditions in the absence of microbes released protein and amino acids, which subsequently appeared in the incubation buffer. The amount of amino acids appearing in the buffer exceeded that originally observed in the plant material, suggesting breakdown of protein in the plant tissue and release of amino acids. Proteinase zymograms indicated that the main activity in mature leaf samples was a non-cysteine proteinase. Measurement of in situ protein degradation using Rubisco antisera indicated that some of the large and small subunit proteins were lost from the chloroplast after 6 h incubation. The authors concluded that ingested plant cells in the rumen entered a metabolic state similar to, but not exactly the same as, senescence, where protein was lost at a greater rate than either cell nuclei or chlorophyll. More recently, Kingston-Smith et al. (2003a) made similar observations in white and red clover leaves. The protein content of leaves decreased rapidly over the first 6 h of incubation and was accompanied by increased proteinase activity and more proteinase isoforms. These clovers also British Journal of Nutrition (2005), 93, 421–423 DOI: 10.1079/BJN20041360 q The Authors 2005


An energy transport model has been numerically implemented in the device simulator HFIELDS. The transport parameters for the standard hydrodynamic model and the energy transport model are calibrated by means of DAMOCLES, a two‐dimensional Monte Carlo Boltzmann equation solver. We analyse the relative merits of these two models by comparing their predictions of the energy and velocity distributions for a bipolar transistor and a ballistic diode. In the cases presented, the hydrodynamic model is found to agree with the Monte Carlo results more closely than the energy transport model.


Liapunov functions are constructed and used to prove stability theorems for critical autonomous systems in which the linear part of the right-hand side has a zero eigenvalue.


The cycloaddition of indol-3-ones (I) and 2,4-dienals (II) via trienamine catalysis of a chiral secondary amine yields multifunctional tricyclic pyrido[1,2-a]indoles (III) bearing a quaternary chiral center in good stereoselectivities.


This Technical Memorandum describes a process for selecting an appropriate antenna for monitoring radio signals from airborne transmitters. A mathematical formula for the optimal receiver antenna gain is presented. This formula takes into account the factors of minimal required signal-to-noise ratio of signals in a monitoring receiver, airborne radio transmitted power and antenna gain, airborne radio height and resulting maximal line-of-sight coverage, free-space propagation loss, airborne radio signal bandwidth, monitoring system bandwidth, and the sensitivity of the monitoring system's receiver. The optimal monitoring antenna gain is calculated as a function of elevation angle above the local horizon. That function is used to select an antenna type that will receive signals from as many airborne radios as possible. A worked example of the selection process is presented. Although it is assumed that a terrestrial system will be used for monitoring, the process can be applied to antennas for marine and airborne monitoring systems as well.


Android versions of mobile operating systems have names like Ice Cream Sandwich, Jelly Bean, and even KitKat. But what is really added to our favourite flavour of Android?


Solar-driven evaporation of water is a simple and "green" way to achieve fresh water and water purification, yet evaporation of bulk liquid using solar energy is rather low in efficiency and may re...


: This paper presents the problem of the increasing negative impact of urban heat islands (UHI) on urban residents based on land surface temperature (LST). It is assumed that water bodies in the agglomeration remain cooler than the air and surrounding urban areas. The study aimed to determine the impact of water bodies and surrounding areas covered by trees on the temperature of an urban area and to minimise the impact of UHI on the life quality of people in the temperate climate zone at day temperatures 25°C (W day) and 29°C (H day). In the adopted research methodology, 167 reservoirs, larger than 1 ha, located within 300 m of urban areas, were analysed. Satellite thermal imagery, spatial land use data (Corine Land Cover), and local land characteristics were used. The average temperature of the reservoirs was appropriately at 4.69°C on W day and 1.9°C for H day lower than in residential areas. The average temperature of areas at a distance of 30 m from the reservoirs was 2.69°C higher on W and 0.32°C higher on H than the water of the reservoirs. The area covered by trees was 0.52°C lower on W day and 0.39°C lower on H day than the residential areas located at a distance of 300 m from the reservoir. On terrestrial areas, the lowest temperature was observed in the area covered by trees within 0–30 m from reservoirs both on warm and hot days. Based on the results of this study, UHI mitigation solutions can be suggested.


A very efficient multiobjective (MO) design technique for complex antenna structures involving a large number of design parameters is presented. This design technique, multiobjective‐fractional factorial design (MO‐FFD), is very different from conventional Pareto‐based MO algorithms, which take a great deal of effort to balance the trade‐off between all the design specifications. By performing one single combination of simulations, all the response surface models of design goals are simultaneously built, and Derringer's desirability functions are readily applied to these models so that the optimum structure is obtained. Compared to classical MO algorithms such as Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2, nondominated sorting particle swarm optimizer, and cultural MO particle swarm optimization, MO‐FFD yields more desirable performances yet the required number of simulations is reduced by 97%. This article thoroughly illustrates the mathematical development of MO‐FFD, deriving a novel application of ultrawideband (UWB) antennas because of its MO optimization capability. More explicitly, MO‐FFD overcomes all the design challenges of dual band‐notched UWB antennas including desired impedance characteristics, enhanced fidelity factors, and uniform peak gains over the passband, which are what conventional Pareto‐based algorithms cannot attain. The measured results show that all the performance criteria are met; especially, the time‐domain signal distortion is minimized. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 26:62–71, 2016.


Instance segmentation is a challenging issue in remote sensing. The existing state-of-the-art methods use horizontal bounding box (HBB) to infer the instance mask of object. However, the objects in the aerial images have the characteristics of being distributed in arbitrary orientation, densely packed, and so on. In this case, the HBB usually contains a lot of background information and several neighboring objects, leading to coarse and inaccurate mask prediction. To solve the aforementioned problems, we propose a new instance segmentation method, ISOP, by inferring the mask on oriented bounding box (OBB) instead of HBB. We show that the proposed method leading to more accurate mask predictions, especially for densely packed objects. We evaluate our method in the iSAID dataset, and compared to the baseline, the ISOP has achieved around 17% improvement in terms of mAP and 11% for densely packed objects.


Kawasaki disease (KD) is a pediatric vasculitis with coronary artery aneurysms as its main complication, often occurs in children under 5 years of age. The diagnosis is based on the presence of persistent fever and clinical features including exanthema, lymphadenopathy, bilateral conjunctivitis, and changes to the mucosae and extremities. Although the etiology is still unknown, it is believed that it is probably caused by an infectious trigger that initiates an inadequate immune response in genetically predisposed children. The article discusses the diagnostic criteria of not only the full form of KD, but also of partial one, taking into account the results of general and biochemical blood tests. Cardiological findings are described.There are presented infectious and somatic diseases, with which differential diagnosis should be carried out. Timely diagnosis and treatment of KD can improve the prognosis of the disease, prevent the development of coronary artery aneurysms.


The article considers some methodological aspects of interaction between economic theory and applied economic research. It is shown that to use theoretical conceptions and principles directly in applied studies does not make sense since one always needs specific forms of knowledge as an intermediate level. The reason for relative autonomy of theoretical and applied economic knowledge is that a theoretician and an applied researcher face different types of entities in cognition and entertain different types of practice.


The combination of CSA and cinchonidine results in an effective organic catalyst for efficient activation of α,β-unsaturated ketones via iminium intermediates.


Niccolo Machiavelli (1469 -1527) was an Italian statesman and political writer. He was employed on diplomatic missions as a defense secretary for his nation. When he retired from his public life, he wrote one of his famous books, The Prince in 1513, which describes the mechanisms through which political power is gained and maintained. The prince is the most revolutionary work that opens a new chapter as far as the realm of modern political philosophy is concerned. Unlike the conventional understanding about political power during the ancient as well as medieval periods, Machiavelli's political analysis does not associate the end of the state power to some extra- political (moral, religious and cultural) standards so that it has been defined as an end in itself. Accordingly, he confines his inquiries in to the means that are best suited to acquire, retain and expand political power. At the final analysis, he separates the discourse on political power as well as the means to acquire and sustain it from basic religious and conventional moral maxims. There is a white fact that the purpose of moral philosophy is to avoid evil and appreciate good acts through creating awareness in the minds of the society on what ought to /ought not to be done. In the prince, however, Machiavelli clearly reflects on how those evil acts from the standpoints of conventional morality and religion may not similarly be interpreted in the practical political or public lives of those who are in power. For him, the quest for political power is responded in effective and efficient manner when the prince knows the difference between private and public life and acts in accordance with 'the reason of the state'. To sum up, the question of political power and the strategies to sustain it are the central issues which are to be correctly understood by any political personality. The question, how can a prince /a ruler acquire and sustain his political life with reference to his public and private morality, has been the theme of the paper. And, its departure has been developing a critical review of the writing of Machiavelli's The Prince ,which reflects on the fundamental quest for those viable options of political power which may usually be indifferent to religious and moral guidelines. Accordingly, I have shown as to how much those good acts from the perspective of private religious and moral standards may not usually be working in the political lives of those who are in power. To this effect, different domestic and international experiences have been critically illustrated to substantiate the predominately Machiavellian nature of political leadership in the domestic as well as international arena. However, I have also tried to critically review and rebut Machiavelli's ambitious quest for a pure, objective, descriptive and realistic analysis of political power which is free from relative sociocultural values and normative judgments.


As global concerns regarding climate change are increasing worldwide, the transition towards clean energy sources has accelerated. Accounting for a large share of energy consumption, the electricity sector is experiencing a significant shift towards renewable energy sources. To accommodate this rapid shift, the transmission system requires major upgrades. Although enhancing grid capacity through transmission system expansion is always a solution, this solution is very costly and requires a protracted permitting process. The concept of flexible transmission encompasses a broad range of technologies and market tools that enable effective reconfiguration and manipulation of the power grid for leveraged dispatch of renewable energy resources. The proliferation of such technologies allows for enhanced transfer capability over the current transmission network, thus reducing the need for grid expansion projects. This paper comprehensively reviews flexible transmission technologies and their role in achieving a net-zero carbon emission grid vision. Flexible transmission definitions from different viewpoints are discussed, and mathematical measures to quantify grid flexibility are reviewed. An extensive range of technologies enhancing flexibility across the grid is introduced and explored in detail. The environmental impacts of flexible transmission, including renewable energy utilization and carbon emission reduction, are presented. Finally, market models required for creating proper incentives for the deployment of flexible transmission and regulatory barriers and challenges are discussed.


The hydraulic behavior of a residual gneiss soil compacted at conditions that produce collapsible characteristics was studied using a triaxial permeameter system that allows independent control of net stresses and matric suction. Wetting paths under differing but constant loads were utilized to reflect field conditions associated with a collapsing soil earth fill dam. The experimental results showed that different stress paths produce different amounts of volumetric collapse and distinct variations in the coefficient of permeability, which at relatively high matric suctions was mainly affected by the increase in degree of saturation. However, as the soil approached saturation, the coefficient of permeability became dependent on void ratio and net mean stress, with the saturated coefficient of permeability being reduced at larger amounts of collapse. The results also suggested that entrapped air in the soil voids may produce a significant reduction in the coefficient of permeability. A constitutive relationship for the coefficient of permeability that takes net mean stress changes into account was proposed based on best-fit analyses.


The objective of this work is to show that fresh and minimally processed vegetables sold in selected retail outlets in Durban South Africa may contain unacceptable level of pathogenic microorganisms and that L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 may be resistant to combinations of sanitizers. Selected vegetables were purchased from three retail outlets in Durban and examined for the presence of aerobic bacteria (AB), aerobic sporeformers (ASF), anaerobic sporeformers (AnSF), S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes using ISO methods. Cucumber was also inoculated with 10 8 cfu/ml of L. monocytogenes ATCC 7688 and later washed with 200 ppm chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, hot water and combination of hot water and chlorine; and also hot water and hydrogen peroxide. Analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference between mean values of AB, ASF and AnSF in vegetables from the three retail outlets. The mean values of AB, ASF and AnSF in the sampled vegetables from the retail outlets were of 6.01 log cfu/g, 3.62 log cfu/g and 2.91 log cfu/g, respectively. Presence of S. aureus was noticeably low; however, L. monocytogenes was present in 75% of the samples tested, 200 ppm chlorine was found to be most effective in reducing the level of L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 although it was found like other sanitizers not to eradicate all the inoculated pathogens. Combination of heat treatment and chemical treatment proved not to be significantly effective when compared to the chemical treatments alone. This research indicated that sampled vegetables constitute public health risk and that sanitizers are not 100% effective as an intervention for produce safety.


A major objective of the Junior and Senior Engineering Clinics at Rowan University is to introduce students to open-ended design projects. The purpose of the clinic classes is to provide engineering students with a hands-on, multidisciplinary experience throughout their college education. This type of innovative approach for allowing students to become involved in realistic open-ended design problems is beneficial for enhancing their problem solving skills and encourages them to pursue graduate studies. The engineering clinics emphasize multidisciplinary design on projects of progressive complexity. This paper focuses on the design and development of experiments to illustrate membrane technology for pollution prevention. A multidisciplinary student team conducted a thorough literature search and developed innovative membrane experiments to demonstrate pollution prevention. These experiments can be used by various disciplines in engineering such as environmental and chemical engineering.


In the paper some considerations about dynamic measurement scenarios aspects are discussed. The Dynamic Measurement Scenarios are used for creating and managing job workflow in the Virtual Laboratory system. It facilitate defining and monitoring measurement process which quite often consists of many tasks connected between themselves.


In recent years, psychologists and psychiatrists in the field of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder have been researching for measurement of validity and efficiency of psycho educational interventions and drug treatments. In this regard, meta-analysis integrates the results of different studies, then determine the effect size of method`s of treatments.This study wants to study the effective rate of psycho educational interventions and drug treatmens on reducing ADHD symptoms, with following of meta-analysis model. So 46 Studies which were methodology accepted were selected and meta-analysis was done on it. The research tool was meta-analysis check list. study findings showed the rate of effect size of psycho educational intervention on reducing ADHD symptoms were 0/54, on ADD was 0/48, on Hyperactivity was 0/59 and the rate of effect size of drug treatments was 0/76. So it was gathered the effect size of drug treatments are more than psychological intervention.


during birth-related trauma. Calcified cephalohematomas can permanently deform the infant cranium, and significant deformities often require correction. Although several reconstructive techniques have been proposed, there is no consensus on their management. In this study, we present a technique for the excision and reconstruction of calcified cephalohematoma of the infant calvarium, in the context of long-term follow-up over the past 25 years.


Analytical methods based on mass spectrometry (MS) have been successfully applied in biomarker discovery studies, while the role of MS in translating biomarker candidates to clinical diagnostics is less pronounced. MALDImmunoassays – methods that combine immunoaffinity enrichment with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric detection – are attractive analytical approaches for large-scale sample analysis by virtue of their ease of operation and high-throughput capabilities. Despite this fact, MALDImmunoassays are not widely used in clinical diagnostics, which is mainly due to the limited availability of internal standards that can adequately correct for variability in sample preparation and the MALDI process itself. Here we present a novel MALDImmunoassay for quantification of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in human plasma. Reliable IGF1 quantification in the range of 10-1,000 ng/mL using 20 μL of plasma was achieved by employing 15N-IGF1 as internal standard. The method was validated according to FDA guidelines fulfilling all relevant criteria, and was subsequently tested on > 1,000 samples from a cohort of renal transplant recipients to assess its performance in a clinical setting. Based on this study, we identified readouts to monitor the quality of the measurements. Our work shows that MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is suitable for quantitative biomarker analysis provided that an appropriate internal standard is used and that readouts are monitored to assess the quality of the measurements.


Antigenic stimulation of T cells initiates a change from the resting state into an activated one mediated by triggering the T cell receptor (TCR). This change is characterized by rapid proliferation, differentiation and acquisition of effector functions. To maintain the energetic needs accompanied by this processes, T cells are able to adapt their uptake and utilization of extracellular nutrients. Proliferation and differentiation into distinct subsets of T lymphocytes like effector-, regulatory-, and memory T cells is mediated by antigens, various cytokines and growth factors through their respective signaling pathways they trigger. Since these subsets acquire different functions in the immune system, their metabolic profiles also differ. Throughout the last decade the role metabolism was intensively investigated and evolved into one major part in understanding activation and differentiation processes in T cells. Key molecules like AKT and AMPK were described to be major regulators of metabolism. Therefore, we discuss in this review which signaling molecules are known regulate metabolic pathways in T cells and we give an overview over the mechanisms how they accomplish this task.


In Recent days, the most critical and important issue of Internal Combustion Engines are the Exhaust Emission. In now days, the big concern is about to reduce the exhaust emission, in particular of CO2 and the replacement of Fossil fuel with renewable sources. The recent technologies are focusing on using the Dual Fuel technology. In engine, for reducing the exhaust emission, blending fuel has been used. Oxygenated fuels such as alcohols are recognized as an effective way to reduce soot emission and to improve the combustion process. Among the alcohols, ethanol has been suggested as one of the most promising blending components for diesel fuel. Developing renewable energy has become an important part of a worldwide energy policy to reduce greenhouse gas emission caused by fossil fuel.


The 4-H Junior Livestock program is one of the oldest and largest experiential education programs for youth in the United States (Lance, 1997). As 4H members participate in 4-H junior livestock programs they acquire livestock knowledge, develop life skills, and form attitudes of confidence and responsibility. These "hands-on" programs are supported by Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) research and curriculum developed by University Extension functions in areas of agriculture, family and consumer science, 4-H youth development, and other related areas (Asunda, 2011). The value of 4-H livestock programs is evident through educational opportunities for 4-H livestock youth and through competitive activities by providing activities that motivate 4-H youth to set goals, complete tasks, and strive for excellence (Lance, 1997).


Capital costs of a MBR (Membrane Bio-Reactor) process are substantially influenced by the membrane cost itself, which contributes around 50% of the total process capital cost. The feasibility of a submerged MBR fitted with three pore-sized NWPP (Non-Woven Poly-Propylene) membranes has been studied. The performance was compared with that of a conventional polysulfone (PS) membrane material. Both the PS and NWPP membranes demonstrated a drastic reduction in permeate flux at the start of operation. Although the NWPP membrane showed a greater fouling propensity than the PS membrane, the difference in flux decline between the two membranes was not great. All membranes produced an effluent extremely low in organic matter and with a low permeate turbidity (


This article proceeds from the contention that rural spaces present particular challenges for teaching principals of small schools. These challenges are compounded for the novice principal in the first few months of appointment (and perhaps even more so for females) when it can often appear that "extraordinary spaces are emerging in ordinary places" (Buchanan, 1997). We employ narrative accounts written in the voice of a novice teaching principal to chronicle ways in which the (female) incumbent deals with and makes sense of the spatial influences on her work. We also examine how the incumbent's construction of her professional identity is affected by her experiences in the first few months of performing the role. The work concludes with a discussion of the implications for the preparation and development of teaching principals who might encounter such challenging spaces.


With the rapid development of computer-based multimedia technology,modern remote education has come into application.This paper discusses the advantages of modern remote education and its influence upon traditional education.


BACKGROUND
An 'audit engine' allows critical appraisal of clinical practice without necessitating cumbersome data input, editing or analysis. This is achieved by capturing data from an otherwise necessary task, in this case writing discharge summaries, and using standardised analyses to illustrate the effects of operational changes.

DESIGN AND SETTING
Retrospective analysis of clinical outcome of 1,829 sequential discharges from one consultant's team in two geriatric medicine departments.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Mortality, discharge destination and functional performance.

RESULTS
Median length of stay in the two departments differed significantly (8 vs 13 days; p < 0.0001), but patients in the latter department were more disabled, with almost twice as many needing domiciliary services after discharge and suffering impaired mobility or incontinence. Despite this disparity, a similar proportion of survivors was placed in institutional care (31/300 (10%) vs 94/1,100 (8%); NS).

CONCLUSIONS
This audit engine demonstrated that apparently worse performance indicators were explained by adverse case mix in one department, and the similar institutionalisation rates suggest superior care there.


The invention relates to a method for producing a doped readily volatile impurity single crystal of Silicum by pulling the single crystal from a held in a crucible melt under predetermined process conditions, with an amount of the impurity N The amount .DELTA.N (t) of the foreign matter is according to the equation .DELTA.N (t) = N or according to the approximate equation .DELTA.N (t) = N calculated, where λ according to the equation R (t) = is obtained, wherein R


Abstract. The Philippine monetary system and data from 1903-1948are examined, using general observations and statistical tests to determine to what extent the system operated as a currency board. This paper makes detailed annual balance sheets of the monetary system available in machine-readable form for the first time, in a companion Excel workbook. Keywords. Philippines, Currency board, Gold standard fund, Currency reserve fund, Exchange standard fund. JEL. E59, N15.


The learning process was monotonous or less varied. This meant that the learning outcomes of students were still low, hence the learning process was less attractive to students.. This article was to apply a varied learning model that can improve student learning outcomes in the lessons of Al-Qur'an Hadith for Class X. IPA.1 Students MA Darul A'mal Metro City. The techniques collecting data used observation, questionnaires, interviews and documentation. An analysis of the data used product moment with statistical analysis techniques. From the calculation it can be seen showed that the correlation of teacher performance and learning methods to the learning outcomes of the Al-Qur'an Hadith for Class X. IPA.1 Students MA Darul A'mal Metro City, with a high correlation, namely total value of 0.811. If this value was correlated with r count = 0.811 if consulted with the value of r table, then the coefficient was a high influence, because rcount = 0.811 with db = n-2 = 22 greater than r table 5% = 0.423, or rcount = 0.811 was greater than rtable 1% = 0.537. r table 5% 0.423 smaller than r count 0.811 greater than 1% 0.537 can be written as 0.423 <0.811> 0.537.
Keywords: Teacher Performance, Learning Method, Learning Outcome


Malignant hyperpyrexia, as its name suggests, is a condition characterised by a potentially fatal rise in body temperature which occurs during certain types of anaesthesia in genetically susceptible individuals. The rise in body core temperature may be at an alarming rate of.-greater than 5°C per hour and indicates the presence of an appreciable and inappropriate metabolic stimulation. If left untreated the temperature will rise progressively towards 43 to 45°C at which death occurs. The pyrexia is accompanied by a tachycardia, a progressive rise in oxygen consumption with cyanosis, and a rise in CO2 production with respiratory acidosis. A second feature of malignant hyperpyrexia is muscle spasm which may occur in response to suxamethonium given at induction of anaesthesia or which may develop slowly in response to halothane or any of the other inhalational anaesthetic vapours including diethyl ether, chloroform, and ethrane. Muscle tissue in spasm liberates potassium causing a noticeable hyperkalaemia which may prove fatal, releases creatine kinase which may reach astronomical values, and myoglobin which can induce renal failure due to tubular obstruction. Severe metabolic acidosis is due to lacticacidaemia; shortly before death arterial pH often falls below pH 7 0. Other acute features include a consumptive coagulopathy with diffuse bleeding from wounds and into mucous membranes.


The recent controversy over the National Institutes of Health review of 138 condom studies may indicate that it's time to educate patients about the possibility that condoms might not protect them from all sexually transmitted diseases. But at the same time, HIV providers and others have to remind patients that if they engage in sexual activity, condoms are the best protection available against transmission of HIV.


Intervention fidelity is a key component of the design and conduct of physical therapy research; however, it currently does not receive the attention it deserves. Intervention fidelity is defined as the 'the methodological strategies used to enhance and monitor the reliability and validity of behavioural interventions'. In other words, intervention fidelity includes enhancing and assessing the extent to which an intervention is implemented as intended by its developers, including how they envisage the participants or patients to interact with the intervention. While this concept of intervention fidelity encompasses the fidelity of training given to the providers of physical therapy interventions, and aspects such as participants' receipt and enactment of intervention skills, the focus of this 'Viewpoint' is predominantly on the fidelity of intervention delivery, i.e. ensuring that providers deliver the intervention as intended through enhancing (e.g. use of intervention manuals) and assessing fidelity (e.g. using direct observations, self-report checklists). This paper aims to highlight the importance of intervention fidelity for the physical therapy profession and its relevance for both physical therapy researchers and practitioners. Potential barriers to enhancing and assessing the fidelity of intervention delivery in physical therapy research will be discussed, and possible solutions with examples from the literature suggested. Although intervention fidelity can, in some circumstances, be challenging to achieve in physical therapy research owing to pragmatic concerns and the need for individualised treatment, we provide some recommendations on how to improve the enhancement and assessment of fidelity within physical therapy research and achieve a balance between idealism and pragmatism. Our goal is not to provide complete solutions to each of these barriers, but to introduce important issues for the physical therapy profession to be cognisant of with respect to current and future clinical practice and research.


An initial point search game on a weighted graph involves a searcher who wants to minimize search and travel costs seeking a hider who wants to maximize these costs. The searcher starts from a specified vertex 0 and searches each vertex in some order. The hider chooses a nonzero vertex and remains there. We solve the game in which the graph is a simple tree, and use this solution to solve a search game on a tree in which each branch is itself a weighted graph with a certain property, and the searcher is obliged to search the entire branch before departing. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


There is a considerable amount of literature dealing with robot calibration. A classification hierarchy of calibration procedures is discussed which groups robot calibration by objective. The state of the art for each classification is discussed with citations from recent literature. Several proposed models are described. Based upon the common assumption of all lower pair joints, three concepts are discussed which may be applied for comparing most of the calibration models proposed in the literature. These concepts are completeness, equivalence, and proportionality. Each of these are discussed in detail in the text. Attention is also paid to the possibility that joints may actually be higher pairs. Although this possibility is commonly accepted in coordinate measuring machine calibration, it is not widely recognized in the robot literature. The paper discusses possible causes and effects of higher order joint pairs and demonstrates how they might be modeled.


The utility model discloses a pedal travel measuring device of a driving stimulator, which comprises a pedal of the driving stimulator; a travel collecting plate is connected with the pedal and a data processing unit, and the data processing unit is connected with a data storage unit. The pedal travel measuring device adopts the collecting plate with a hall sensor A and a hall sensor B to collect the travel information of the pedal, transmits the travel information to a single chip microcomputer in a digital voltage pulse way for computing so as to obtain the current pedal travel, and transmits the computing result to data storage software through a serial port for data storage. The pedal travel measuring device is accurate in control, is rapid in response, and is suitable for the driving stimulator.


The reduction process in blast furnace involves the higher cost of a steel company. The operational stability of the reduction process should be accompanied by low fuel rate and a good productivity. Thus, it is extremely important to control the main parameters of this process as the ratio between the direct and indirect reduction, the efficiency of the stack, the temperature of the Thermal Reserve Zone and energy balance of the Elaboration Zone. This analysis was performed using the Rist diagram, to assess the operational changes of operation All Coke in relation to the use of pulverized coal injection in a blast furnace 1 at ArcelorMittal Tubarão. The Rist diagram was effective in to relate the parameters studied with these operational changes. ArcelorMittal Tubarão. O diagrama de Rist foi eficaz em relatar os parâmetros estudados com essas mudanças operacionais.


In this paper, generalised elastic-viscoplastic (EVP) theory combined with a power law is used to derive simplified equations relating undrained shear strength and preconsolidation pressure to strain rate. An additional equation is derived relating the strain-rate parameter in EVP theory to the secondary compression index. The derived equations are used to evaluate the rate-sensitive and drained creep response of 20 clays reported in the literature. The evaluation shows strong evidence that the rate-sensitivity and time-dependency of clay in compression can be described simultaneously using the generalised EVP theory and power law. In addition, the constitutive parameter governing rate-sensitivity in EVP theory appears to be unique for constant rate-of-strain tests such as undrained triaxial compression and drained oedometer compression as well as stress controlled tests such as drained oedometer creep. To conclude, an approach to select the viscous parameters for clay is provided.


The paper describes the benefits of carrying out ontologicallygrounded text analysis and reference resolution uniformly and simultaneously rather than by different systems or as pipelined modules within the same system. It shows how the resolution of some of the more difficult referring expressions – namely, the pronouns it, that and this – can be carried out by priming the lexicon and ontology of a text-processing system with expectations that can significantly constrain, or even narrow down to one, the choice space of candidate sponsors. It also shows how reference resolution can inform basic semantic analysis, particularly in cases of unexpected input, non-literal language and other difficult natural language phenomena. Central tenets of this line of research are that automatic semantic analysis is necessary, feasible, and best carried out using static knowledge resources that centrally include a property-rich, unambiguous ontology.


Abstract Spatial cross correlations and interannual and month-to-month variations of monthly mean wind speed were studied at 40 sites throughout the United States. Sites were selected on the basis of availability of 10 or more years of data from a fixed anemometer location and height and a climatological mean speed of 5 m s−1 (11 mph) or higher. Spatial cross correlations of monthly deviations from climatic means were found to be about 0.5 for sites separated less than 200 km, with annual mean wind deviations from the climatic mean correlated with coefficient value 0.32 for similarly separated sites. Applications for using nearby "climatological" site wind speed data to adjust short-term "candidate" site data are examined with several methods. The best results show only minimal improvement in estimating the long-term annual mean over that obtained from one year of on-site data. These results indicate that, for candidate wind energy site evaluation, on-site data must be relied on more than originally consi...


The present invention discloses a method of address assignment module battery energy storage battery system, the battery energy storage system includes a main control module, a natural number of battery modules, a battery module includes a control module and from the battery, the the main control module, the control modules are connected to the fieldbus, the method comprising the step of monitoring the battery module, the step of calculating the number of batteries, No. 1 address allocation step, determination step, step No. N address assignment. Advantageous effects of the present invention has the following significant: Now bus used in (1) of the present invention is a can bus, having strong real-time, transmission distance, anti strong electromagnetic interference, etc.; (2) improved on the existing CAN network topology and hardware architecture, the promotion of small cost, high feasibility; (3) this application has the following features dual proofing address assignment process; (4) without human intervention, reducing misuse, saving labor costs, if the electric car use this technology to improve operating experience.


At the age of artificial intelligence, remote sensing and especially satellite imagery is gaining widespread interest among computer science community in their effort to give machines the ability to recognize their environment through satellite image classification. Imaging satellites provide images of Earth that are collected, analyzed, and processed for civil and military purposes. Indeed, satellite images have many applications in the fields of meteorology, oceanography, fisheries, agriculture, biodiversity, geology, cartography, land use planning, and warfare, etc. Satellite image classification aims at transforming satellite imagery into useable information rather than having an image of a place. It relies on many different approaches and methods that can be applied according to specific circumstances and conditions. These approaches and methods fall into five categories which are supervised classification, unsupervised classification, pixel-based classification, object-oriented classification, and Convolutional neural network classification or CNN classification. The goal of this paper is to present a survey which will review these methods based on their algorithms and techniques, datasets, image resolutions, and image types, and will show and discuss their strengths and weaknesses.


An environment-friendly type urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive and a production method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: mixing glyoxal with urea in a container according to a certain mol ratio; adding a 10% polyvinyl alcoholic solution prepared in advance and urea under agitation, adjusting the pH value of the solution to be 7.5 to 8.5, and heating the solution to a temperature of 80 to 90 DEG C for reaction; adding a proper amount of urea for reaction for 40 minutes, adjusting the pH value of the solution to be 5 to 6, subjecting the solution to reaction at a temperature of 70 to 80 DEG C, and stopping the reaction when opacified sticky liquid appears or when cloudy sticky liquid appears under the condition that a droplet of the reaction solution is added into a glass with water at a temperature of 40 DEG C; cooling the solution to a temperature less than 40 DEG C and packaging the discharged products so as to obtain finished products. The adhesive provided in the invention belongs to excellent environment-friendly decoration materials, has remarkable adhesive properties, little smell, great initial adhesion, high final strength, good endurance and appropriate viscosity, is easy to paint and stable to store, and enables a glue film to be tough and tensile. Woodwork glued by the adhesive has no obvious glue lines, has excellent water tolerance, and produces no cracking in long-term usage.


"strong beam and weak column"is the main failure states of reinforced concrete frame structure in the earthquake.This paper studies the influence on the virtual cross-section bearing capacity on extremity of frame beam in reinforced concrete in experiment through the project example and analysis of finite element method,such as slab's reinforcement,the rigidity of frame beam, the rigidity of orthogonal beam and so on.Exploring the mechanism of slab and frame work together to determine the width of effective flange,which provides references for structural design and engineering application.


A study was conducted at Landakanahalli in hill zone of Karnataka during 2004 performance of medicinal plants viz., Stevia, tulsi, ashwagandh and kalmeg conservation methods viz., ridge and furrow, broad bed and furrow and mulching along with control were imposed. Among the differen height and number b (12.98 cm and 8.8). Yield levels in Stevia, Tulsi and Ashwagandh (304.4 24.8 kg/ac root respectively) were significantly higher in ridge and furrow followed by broad bed and furrow. Among the different medicinal plants, the income generated was higher from Stevia followed by Tulsi, Kalmegh and ashwagandh.


In this manuscript, we establish a non-linear unknown input observer with state time variable delay. The approach conception of the observer is founded on the first order Taylor extension and Lyapunov- Krasovskii functional for stability. A list of conditions are given proving the existence of the synthesised observer. An illustration of the effectiveness of the designed observer is given by a numerical example.


This paper presents a novel scheme for computing reflections and transients on transmission lines. It consists of & algorithm that forms suitable material for an undergraduate class and has the merit of exciting the interest undergraduates by enhancing the role of computer assisted instruction. The algorithm is given here as a pseudo-code to guide the students, and is explained through an example that is suitable for class room use. It relies on recursive computation that mod programming languages now allow and is therefore


Achieving the local TCM industrialization is in conformity with famous brand tactics of green economy, it can facilitate one of the sustainable developments in Ankang. This paper discussed the feasibility and reality of TCM industrialization from opportunity and basic condition in Ankang, the problems need to be paid attention and some suggestion for the future development of TCM industrialization are put forward.