Lanthanide-ion-doped, single-crystalline hexagonal phase NaYF4 microcrystals with multiform morphologies, such as microrods, hexagonal microprisms, and spindle-like structures, were fabricated via a cationic/anionic binary capping agent system: CTAB and a tri-sodium citrate-assisted hydrothermal route. The influence of synthesis conditions on the crystalline morphology was studied and the possible growth mechanisms are presented systematically. The down-conversion and up-conversion photoluminescence (PL) properties of β-NaYF4:Ln3+ (Ln = Tb, Yb/Er, and Yb/Tm) were investigated. The static and dynamic PL studies of β-NaYF4:5% Tb3+ showed strong dependence of luminescent properties on the crystalline morphology. Furthermore, the β-NaYF4:5% Tb3+ phosphors exhibited efficient photocatalytic activity under UV as well as solar light irradiation, and showed enhanced selectivity towards methylene blue. Moreover, the morphological effect on the photocatalytic activity of β-NaYF4:5% Tb3+ crystals has also been studied. The high luminescence efficiency and strong photocatalytic activity of β-NaYF4:5% Tb3+ make them a potential phosphor material and promise to provide a gateway into other applications as in biology and materials sciences.


Abstract : A bioenergetics model is formulated and validated for the Virginia oyster (Crassostrea virginica). The model considers two basic properties of a bivalve population: number of individuals and individual size. Individuals are represented as three energy stores: soft tissue, shell, and reproductive material. The bioenergetics model is coupled to an oyster benefits module. The calculation of benefits is based on mass-balance principles and upon user-supplied values for parameters, including resuspension, sediment diagenesis, and dentrification rate. The bioenergetics model is coupled with a representation of the physical environment based on the tidal prism approach and with eutrophication kinetics from the CE-QUAL-ICM model. The bioenergetics model was demonstrated through application to the Great Wicomico River, Virginia, 2000 - 2009. An overarching conclusion from the application was that representation of the detailed data set collected in this system required corresponding detailed information on recruitment, mortality, and other factors. Calculations for the Great Wicomico indicated that 164 metric tons of carbon per annum was filtered from the water column by oysters and 15.2 tons was buried to deep inactive sediments. An additional 13 metric tons of carbon was buried in the form of shell. Oysters filtered 28 metric tons nitrogen per annum from the Great Wicomico water column. Most was recycled, but ultimately 6.2 metric tons nitrogen per annum was removed through denitrification and burial of oyster deposits. This nitrogen rate compared favorably with the 18.6 metric tons per annum calculated watershed load of total Kjeldahl nitrogen. The report concludes with recommended next steps. The two foremost recommendations are for additional validation through application to additional systems and for operation with the eutrophication kinetics activated.


With the labor market and work environments becoming increasingly dynamic, the question of how young people can find their way to a sustainable professional future becomes ever more complex. This paper looks from different perspectives at apprenticeships, at their advantages and limitations. The first step is a description of the prerequisites that are necessary for a sustainable career choice. In this respect, the role of career guidance is particularly relevant, as guidance needs to take into account both individual characteristics as well as labor market aspects in order to support a sustainable career choice. Based on a comprehensive critical literature review of current interdisciplinary and international papers, as well as of basic career choice theory literature, the theoretical framework is set out and linked to empirical results. The conclusion emphasizes the high importance of apprenticeships for the holistic personality development of young people and a positive as well as a sustainable effect on their lifelong employment careers. It should be stressed that this success depends, to a large extent, on the structure of the vocational education and training system, on labor market developments, and on individual advanced qualifications in the course of working life.


ABSTRACT Background: This study examined the patient handling experience and self-injection success of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) administering BI 695501 using an AI. Methods: This Phase II, 7-week, open-label, interventional study (NCT02636907) included adult patients with moderately to severely active RA not adequately controlled by DMARDs, with no experience of self-injecting with AI/pen. Patients self-injected BI 695501 via AI every 2 weeks in the AI Assessment Period (AAP). Training was given on first injection; AI handling events were recorded. Percentage of self-injection success was the primary end point. Patients could enter a 42-week pre-filled syringe (PFS) safety extension. Results: The AAP was completed by 73/77 patients. In total, 216/218 (99.1%) self-injections on Days 15, 29, and 43, were successful. Nine (11.7%) patients had drug-related adverse events (AEs). Two patients reported four serious AEs (SAEs), none drug-related. Overall (in the AAP and PFS extension), 28 (36.4%) patients had drug-related AEs; nine patients had SAEs, one was considered drug-related. Five (6.5%) patients reported injection-site reactions in the AAP; 13 (18.1%) in the PFS extension. Conclusions: After training, almost all patients were successfully able to self-administer BI 695501 using an AI. BI 695501 via AI (and via PFS in the extension) was well tolerated. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02636907


In today's knowledge based economy, sustainable strategic advantages are gained more from an organisation's knowledge assets than from the more traditional types of economic resources (Drucker, 1993). The paper discusses the multi-faceted nature of the knowledge construct including its subjective and objective as well as tacit and explicit components. Moreover, technical theories pertaining to knowledge creation such as data mining are brought together with social or people oriented theories on knowledge creation including Nonaka's knowledge spiral to develop a meta-framework in which to view key processes, tools and techniques that facilitate effective knowledge creation and its management.


It has been known for some time that the chondrocytes of various cartilages normally and regularly contain lipid droplets in their cytoplasm. Sheehan (1948) regarded cartilage cells as "having an inherent capacity to store lipid in large quantities". Montagna (1949), arguing from the histochemical reactions, considered the larger lipid droplets to be neutral fats and the smaller droplets to contain fatty acids and in some cases phospholipids. Fawcett (1954) stated that "mature chondrocytes commonly have in their cytoplasm several large droplets of lipid" and that since a considerable amount of lipid was present in healthy growing cartilage (Clark and Clark, 1942) its presence should not be considered as evidence of degeneration or of poor nutrition, but rather of the capacity of chondrocytes "to store and synthesize neutral fat". This view was also supported by Carlson (1957). Ham and Leeson (1961) merely stated that "glycogen and fat may be demonstrated in the cytoplasm of large chondrocytes". Barnett, Davies, and MacConaill (1961) stated that "lipids are present in all chondrocytes", and that their presence was not related either to age or degeneration. They illustrated lipid droplets in the articular cartilage cells of a young rat. They postulated that, since chondrocytes could be shown to contain much lipase in the cytoplasm (Montagna, 1949), the lipids might accumulate there prior to their conversion to carbohydrates, a view in direct opposition to that of Montagna (1949) that the lipids might have been converted from carbohydrates since glycogen seemed to be stored before lipids appeared. Davies, Barnett, Cochrane, and Palfrey (1962) recorded the electron microscope appearance of cytoplasmic fat globules in the lower middle zone of rabbit articular cartilage and of occasional small fat droplets in the cells of the upper middle zone. It seemed likely that the fat was enclosed between pairs of cytomembranes. Later reports of electron microscope studies of articular cartilage of rabbits (Barnett, Cochrane, and Palfrey, 1963) and of mice (Silberberg, Silberberg, and Feir, 1964) made no particular observation on the intra-cytoplasmic lipid globules, though Barnett and others (1963) refered to and illustrated whorled myelin bodies in degenerating surface cartilage. For some time we have been studying the lipids of various cartilages both with frozen sections and fat stains and with the electron microscope. It is quite clear that hyaline cartilage may contain lipids in two sites, within the cytoplasm of the chondrocytes and in the matrix outside the cells. This first paper describes our study of intra-cellular lipids.


In recent years, extensive mathematical modelling has been carried outl-6) to unscore various thermal phenomenaencountered in continuous casting ofsteel. These for example include, prediction of solidified shell thickness and liquid pool profiles,1-3) numerical estimation ofcast (e.g., billet or slab) surface temperature,4) computation of thermal fields in the CONCASTmoulds,5) prediction of solute segregation and inclusion trajectories in solidifying billets6) and so on. So far, to represent these and associated thermal phenomenain terms of an appropriate mathematical framework, two fundamentally different concepts have been applied. These have accordingly resulted into two distinct groups of mathematical models, viz.,


It is generally accepted that the efferent innervation of the bronchial musculature is by branches from the vagus nerve and from the thoracic sympathetic trunk, entering the lung at its hilum (Mackiln, 1929). The trachea is thought to have a similar supply. The existence of ganglion cells in the lung, distributed along the branches of the bronchial tree, has been known since the time of Remak (1844). The autonomic innervation appears to follow the usual pattern, in that the vagus fibres entering the lung are preganglionic and form synapses with Remak's ganglia within the lung; processes from these cells end on the smooth musclecells in the walls of the bronchi. The sympathetic supply consists of post-ganglionic fibres which end directly on the smooth muscle of the bronchi. Although it is usually held that the vagus nerve mediates bronchoconstriction and the sympathetic supply bronchodilatation, there is evidence that this simple picture is not completely correct. For instance, some workers have observed that under certain conditions excitation of the vagus, instead of producing the usual bronchoconstriction, may elicit bronchodilatation. There is little doubt that some of the earlier workers in fact stimulated not the vagus alone, but the vagosympathetic trunk. Further differences of opinion may have arisen from failure to realize the difficulty of demonstrating bronchodilatation in a preparation which has little tone under the experimental conditions. Dixon & Brodie (1903), who were aware of both these difficulties, concluded that the vagus nerve itself contained both bronchodilator and bronchoconstrictor fibres. This conclusion has subsequently been confirmed in guinea-pigs, cats, dogs and rabbits, the bronchodilator action of the vagus being more readily demonstrable after a dose of some bronchoconstrictor drug. Since the vagal bronchomotor fibres have been shown to end on the


ABSTRACT This paper presents a new approach to design an observer-based optimal fuzzy state feedback controller for discrete-time Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems via LQR based on the non-monotonic Lyapunov function. Non-monotonic Lyapunov stability theorem proposed less conservative conditions rather than common quadratic method. To compare with optimal fuzzy feedback controller design based on common quadratic Lyapunov function, this paper proceeds reformulation of the observer-based optimal fuzzy state feedback controller based on common quadratic Lyapunov function. Also in both methodologies, the dependence of optimisation problem on initial conditions is omitted. As a practical case study, the controllers are implemented on a laboratory twin-rotor helicopter to compare the controllers' performance.


With the increase in demand on renewable energy, the modern horizontal axis wind turbines have already reached a stage with considerabely large rotor blades. With the current rotor diameter of 150 m and taking into consideration the growing emphasis on offshore wind turbines, the trend suggests a continuing increase in rotor diameter for future wind turbines. This imposes a trade-off between the energy production and the controlability of the system. The increase in rotor diameter results in higher torque requirement on the active pitch/stall-control motor. Moreover, it is difficult to achieve optimal inflow condition over the entire span length for the rigid blades. This results in high structural loading, which in turn reduces the lifespan of the blades. In light of this situation, local airfoil form-adaption promises to be an alternative control scheme for future wind turbines. By allowing the provision for flow control locally, faster and much more detailed control of aerodynamic loading would be possible. The shape adaption strategy of the future wind turbine blades depends on the simulating capability of the coupled fluid-structure interaction for the blade. In the field of aviation, fluid-structure interaction (FSI) is of growing interest, and numerical schemes are being developed to simulate the coupled fluid and structural dynamics of different aerodynamics components. In turbomachinery, recent attempts have been directed in the simulation of fluid-structure interaction Viz. blade flutter, dynamic stall. The authors present a novel approach to simulate the fluid-structure interaction for a shape-adaptive wind turbine blade. The interaction between fluid and structure is assumed to be of a static type. The coupling is taken to be of a staggered kind. The aerodynamic simulation is carried out with the help of a low order simulation code XFOIL. The structural simulation is carried out with the help of the finite element program CalculiX. The open-source mesh generator NETGEN is used to discretize the blade geometry into an unstructured mesh, which is then automatically read into CalculiX via a script. Numerical routines are developed to transfer information between the fluid and the structure solver. This approach results in a significant reduction in the numerical effort and the simulation time, and thus allows one to simulate the fluid-structure interaction with minimum user input. Moreover, this will allow us to carry out early conceptual development of different actuation systems to achieve the shape adaption of the wind turbine blade airfoil.


18. Klotz L, Vesprini D, Sethukavalan P et al: Longterm follow-up of a large active surveillance cohort of patients with prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33: 272. 19. Abern MR, Aronson WJ, Terris MK et al: Delayed radical prostatectomy for intermediate-risk prostate cancer is associated with biochemical recurrence: possible implications for active surveillance from the SEARCH database. Prostate 2013; 73: 409.


Results of systematic measurements of 90Sr activity concentrations in milk for the period 1961-2001 are summarized. An exponential decline of radioactivity followed the moratorium on atmospheric nuclear testing. The highest activity of 90Sr deposited by fallout, 1,060 Bq m−2, was recorded in 1963, while the peak 90Sr activity concentration in milk, 1.42 ± 0.17 Bq L−1, was recorded in 1964. The values in year 2001 for fallout deposition and milk were 7.7 Bq m−2 and 0.07 ± 0.03 Bq L−1, respectively. The reactor accident at Chernobyl caused higher 90Sr levels only in 1986. 90Sr fallout activity affects milk activity; the coefficient of correlation between 90Sr fallout activity and 90Sr activity concentrations in milk is 0.80. The transfer coefficient from fallout deposition to milk was estimated to be 2.5 × 10−3 Bq y L−1 per Bq m−2. The dose incurred by milk consumption was estimated for the Croatian population, the annual collective effective dose in 2001 being approximately 2.0 person-Sv.


Many studies of information-seeking habits of engineers focus on understanding the similarities and differences between scientists and engineers. This study explores the information-seeking behavior of academic engineering faculty from twenty public research universities. This investigation includes an examination of how frequently engineering faculty seek or access information, how they keep abreast of current developments in the field and find less recent journal articles, how often they visit the library in person, and how important library services and resources are in meeting their information needs. The responses from the survey participants emphasize the importance of electronic access to current and archived scholarly journals for meeting the research and information needs of engineering faculty.


In this work, we define Rad-oplus-supplemented and strongly Rad-oplus-supplemented lattices and give some properties of these lattices. We generalize some properties of Rad-oplus-supplemented modules to lattices.


We present a new analytical direct parameter-extraction methodology for obtaining the small-signal equivalent circuit of HBTs. It is applied to cryogenically operated SiGe HBTs as a means to allow circuit design of SiGe HBT low-noise amplifiers for cooled radio astronomy applications. We split the transistor into an intrinsic transistor (IT) piece modeled as a Pi-topology, and the quasi-intrinsic transistor (QIT), obtained from the IT after that the base resistance (Rb) has been removed. The relations between Z-Y-parameters of the IT and QIT are then established, allowing us to propose a new methodology for determining Rb. The present extraction method differs from previous studies in that each of the model elements are obtained from exact equations that do not require any approximations, numerical optimization, or post-processing. The validity of this new extraction methodology is demonstrated by applying it to third-generation SiGe HBTs operating at liquid-nitrogen temperature (77 K) across the frequency range of 2-22 GHz.


The analysis of teachers' behaviors in classroom videos is helpful to objectively evaluate teaching, promote teaching reform, and improve teaching effectiveness. With the continuous introduction of deep learning models, there have been many analysis methods, but the recognition accuracy is not high enough. In this paper, we construct a new model combining convolutional neural network and recurrent neural network to learn and fuse short-term features with long-term features, and use the spatio-temporal information of videos to get the behavior categories. In our experiments, we collected teacher classroom videos in teaching scenarios to construct the dataset. The 2D pose heatmap sequences are extracted from the videos as model inputs, which are used to exclude the interference of environmental noise in the teaching scene. The experimental results show that this method can achieve higher recognition accuracy compared with the PoseR(2+1)D method on the teacher behavior dataset for teacher behavior analysis in teaching scenes.


the dating of material from Winchester has been corrected in accordance with Goodall's published reports of 1990 (Goodall 1990). It also contains a full list of his publications, an invaluable aid for researchers looking for further comparisons. The book bridges the gap between Salzman's historical account (1967) of medieval tools and artefacts, which produced accurate terminology and dates but few objects, and the mass of objects in museums, with no date and little provenance. Before Goodall began his research, the main resource for iron-finds specialists was the London Museum Medieval Catalogue (Ward Perkins 1967). His contribution was to bring together documentary evidence with excavated objects from dated stratigraphy and known sites, ranging from about 1066 to 1540. His objects were mainly trawled from the spate of rescue excavations, in both town and country, which took place in the 1960s and 1970s. The bibliography demonstrates the nationwide scope of his searches. The iron objects are displayed with exemplary clarity, picture and catalogue side by side, providing the ideal primary reference for small-finds authors. The account begins with the forge itself and moves on to sections on all the major craft tools: metalwork, carpentry, masonry, textile, leather and agricultural. This is followed by the products: knives, building fittings, locks and keys, household equipment, personal accessories and horse gear. Excluded are weapons, armour and spurs. Each chapter begins with an overview of the items and their various forms, providing documentary evidence, a discussion of how the object was used and an explanation of terminology. Useful diagrams indicate the precise name for each part of a tool. This is followed by an illustrated catalogue, a definitive national study of iron tools and fittings. Objects are arranged in typological sequences and depicted in clear outline drawings which facilitate easy recognition. Goodall was researching the buried iron fragments at the same time as this reviewer was working on the decorative medieval iron still in situ (Geddes 1999). The two books complement each other, with Goodall's providing evidence for the tools used to make the doors that survive: for instance, his sequence of roves from dated stratigraphy matches those found on dated church doors. John Clark provides a new preface to the book and rightly comments that although archaeology has moved on since 1980, there is no other compendium of this nature that embraces the totality of medieval ironwork from all social contexts. It demonstrates how much ironwork underpinned all other craft activity. This is a book with a long shelf life, making fundamental and specialised information readily accessible to a wider readership. A rust-stained copy should be on hand in every medieval finds hut.


Crop phenology is of critical importance to crop type classification, crop growth monitoring and yield prediction. Data smoothing is an inevitable procedure before extracting crop phenology from remote sensing data. This paper chose Guanzhong Plain in Shaanxi Province, China as the study area to investigate the impacts of the smoothing methods on the extraction of crop phenology. Results show that the double logistic function-fitting is better in describing the overall trend of crop dynamics while the Savitzky-Golay filter can retain more details in vegetation index time series. According to ground observation data, crop phenology retrieved from remote sensing data is not very consistent with the ground observations. However, as for the first growing season, crop phenology derived from the double logistic function-fitting smoothed data tended to closer to observations, and as for the second growing season, that from the Savitzky-Golay filter smoothed data provided better results.


Some distributional properties of the record values of non–identically distributed random variables having geometric distributions are discussed. Three theorems dealing with the characterization of the geometric distribution based on these distributional properties are presented. The unique minimum variance unbiased estimators of some functions of the parameters of the distribution and various predictors of the s–th record valued utilizing the first m(m


In highly dynamic LEO satellite communication systems, the grade of service (QoS) is severely degraded by the frequent handover. Existing handover schemes focusing on the overall system QoS cannot ensure single user's QoS, which is not desirable for important users, such as emergency communication users. Exploiting the fact that the movement of LEO satellites are periodic and predictable, this paper proposes a channel reservation based load aware (CRLA) handover algorithm. On one hand, channel can be reserved for important users to ensure their QoS. On the other hand, the load status of each satellite is considered in CRLA handover of the whole system. Simulation result shows that CRLA can reduce handover failure rates while ensure the load balance of the system. Comparing to existing schemes, the CRLA handover algorithm can reduce the handover failure rate by 20% and improve the QoS by 16%.


ABSTRACT The unaffordability of legal assistance is a widespread problem in New Zealand, as it is in many other common law countries. One way legal assistance is made more accessible is by lawyers offering discounting and payment plans. There is very limited research about how these practices operate and whether they are effective at delivering services to people in need. This article reports the results of a mixed-methods study to investigate New Zealand lawyers' attitudes to these services, the extent to which they offered them, and how they were structured. The data showed that most lawyers offered discounts and payment plans. The decision to offer these services was generally made on a case-by-case basis and to clients who individual lawyers, in their discretion, considered worthy cases. The amount of the discount was often benchmarked to the legal aid rate but this could still put legal fees out of reach for many clients. While payment plans could offer liquidity for clients to access justice, they could also be problematic, drawing clients into long term debt. Starting with the client's budget and determining legal fees from that starting point delivers more affordable legal services than the emphasis on discounting and payment plans.


In this paper, we present a dynamic experimental device to investigate the shear property of MRE, which belongs to the magnetorheological family. The device contains a single degree of freedom vibration system which are made up of a piece of MRE and a mass. Under the action of the applied magnetic field, the damped free vibration of the MRE whose shear vibration is excited is then tested by this device, which forms the basis for a theoretical model. Through the experiment, the relationship between the shear modulus G(B_(MRE))?the loss factor β_m(B_(MRE))of MRE and the applied magnetic field was also given. This technique avoids utilizing complex equipment to obtain (G(B_(MRE))) and β_m(B_(MRE)). The experiment results shows the same basic features of those reported in the current literature (when the applied field was moderate and the saturation did not happen,the shear modulus increased proportionally with the applied magnetic field) and reveal that the MRE cured by our group has a better field-control performance compared to those reported elsewhere and that the maximum shear modulus G(B_(MRE)) governed by the magnetic field can change about 60% of that of zero-field. Properties controlled by magnetic field can also be improved and the damping factor can be obtained.


Abstract: Pinus leucodermis Antoine (= Pinus heldreichii var. leucodermis) is a species of the Balkan flora which in Italy grows in a small area between the Regions of Basilicata and Calabria, in the Pollino National Park. A relict of the oro-Mediterranean Tertiary forests, it is found from the lower vegetation belt, where it is mixed with evergreen sclerophyllous vegetation, up to the alpine vegetation belt beyond the closed formations of Fagus sylvatica, where it makes up stands with very old, isolated and big trees growing in open spaces between rocks. The ecophysiological and dendrochronolgy features of the P. leucodermis stands growing on the west slope of Serra di Crispo (Monte Pollino), between 1800 and 2000 m a.s.l., have been studied during recent years and some of the results are presented in this work. Ecophysiological measurements in situ show that reduced atmospheric vapour pressure deficit conditions, due to humid currents from the western Tyrrhenian Sea, allow the trees to escape from summer drought. When day summer weather conditions are optimal P. leucodermis exhibits a remarkable photosynthetic activity and adaptation to high irradiance. The tree ring width chronology documents a marked reduction of radial growth from 1950 to 1985, followed by a strong recovery, still continuing. In the same period differences between the annual minimum and maximum temperatures tend to increase. Anthropic and grazing pressure is reduced markedly after the institution of the National Park of Pollino.


A spark plug (1) for a pre-chamber type internal combustion engine, having the following features: • a body (4) with a passage (5) and a front end (6); • arranged in a passage (5) of the body (4) the center electrode (8) which projects beyond the front end (6) of the body (4); surrounds • fitting a in the passage (5) of the body (4), insulator (3), which portion of the center electrode (8) lying one inside the body (4) and a tapered front end (6) which (within the body 4) (with the passage 5) forms a free annular space (12); • surrounds a ground electrode (9) having an annular firing portion (91) which portion of the center electrode (8) lying outside a body (4) to form a spark gap (10); • the ground electrode (9) connected to an electrically conducting manner to the front end (6) of the body (4) mounting portion (93) and at least two of the ignition portion (91) with the fastening portion (93) connecting web portions (94); • the attachment portion (93) of the ground electrode (9) is annular and is welded along the entire circumference of the body (4) with its front end (6); • between the web portions (94) of the ground electrode (9), scavenging ports (95) are arranged, through which the in the body (4) located annular space (12) to the outside of the spark plug (1) located around communicates and which of the at operating enable spark plug (1) a good flushing of the annular space (12) and the spark gap (10) with the flowing in the antechamber of the internal combustion engine fuel gas-air mixture; characterized in that the standing for the flow available free area of the scavenging ports (95), the ground electrode (9) at least 20% and at most 50% of the free surface of the annular space (12) at the front end (6) of the body (4) . that the ground electrode (9) extending on its side facing the annular space (12) facing inner side and on its side facing the annular space outside (12) facing away from each one in a along the center electrode (8) to the spark gap (10) towards conically tapered region (97; 98 ) having, ...


We study a particular channel of inefficient crowding of sophisticated investors, and show how to mitigate the inefficiency through optimal use of aggregate information observed by a regulator. The channel is that the investors are uncertain about the extent of crowding. We analyze the optimal disclosure policy of the amount of capital committed to a particular investment. We show that implementation of the optimal disclosure policy requires regulator's commitment to partial intervention to avoid a policy trap.


In shipboard microgrids (SMGs), the complexity of power equipment continues to increase as the level of electrification rises, especially for all-electric ships where power converters play a critical role in ensuring power quality. Currently, modern ships incorporate integrated energy storage systems with high storage capacities, and bi-directional converters are being employed to reduce the number of devices in the SMGs. To this end, a device's reliability is determined by its internal components, including capacitors and switches, where short circuits and open circuits faults originate and disrupt the quality of power flow. In this paper, the wavelet transform of faults on power converters is analyzed by using effective machine learning techniques based on K nearest neighbors in order for power converter fault detection effectively. The power converters of a practical ferry SMG are selected for computer simulations to ensure and demonstrate the performance of proposed method.


The present article intends to set light on the movies that were part of the so called Caravana Farkas (Farkas Caravan), searching them for a set of homologies with the direct and verite cinemas. We have focus on identifying the distinguishing aspects of such movies taking in the whole of Brazilian documentary history, since both direct cinema and verite cinema were born almost simultaneously in France, in the United States and in Canada related to the names of Jean Rouch; Maysles brothers, Leacock e Pennebaker; and Michel Brault, respectively. From this perspective, then, we consider the moments that approximate or distance us from possibly considering the Caravana Farkas movies as belonging to such movements in Brazil.


Composite container comprising a non-deformable outer container and at least one flexible inner container received therein, which inner container comprises a dispensing opening which is mounted on a neck of the outer container, wherein the at least one inner container is connected furthermore, on at least part of its periphery to the outer container forming a contact surface, wherein the connection is an adhesive connection, the adhesive connection over a substantial portion of an upper portion of the inner container extending, for attaching said portion top of the inner container to the corresponding upper portion of the outer container, wherein the outer surface of the inner container and / or the inner surface of the outer container has a recess in which is received the adhesive.


Over the postwar period in most developed countries, the university participation rate has risen steadily to well over 30 percent, although there remain differences between countries. Students from lower income families have lower participation rates than those from higher income families.  The article provides an economic analysis of these patterns of participation using a model of the market for undergraduate education. The demand for undergraduate education is analyzed using a human capital model in which households choose whether to apply to university in seeking to maximize the present value of lifetime income. The supply of undergraduate education is analyzed using a model of universities as non-profit, multi-product organizations that seek to maximize the quality of undergraduate education produced and the quality of research published by faculty members. The production of undergraduate education is a customer-input technology in which the quality of the students, through peer effects, influences the quality of education produced. The long-run supply function depends upon government policies to finance universities. The market equilibrium depends upon government policy on tuition and the availability of qualified applicants to universities. For illustrative purposes, data and public policy from the province of Ontario, Canada, are presented and analyzed.  The article argues that the economic analysis of participation rates has overemphasized demand side variables; and that more attention should be paid to the supply decisions of universities and to government policies regarding the financing of universities and the setting of tuition levels.


Among the factors affecting the quality of internal auditing in banks are the auditors" competence, objectivity and performance. In order to verify this assertion, the authors have reviewed the relationship between the internal auditor's competence, objectivity and performance and the quality of internal audit in the commercial banks of Kosovo. To reach the research objectives and test the hypotheses, a questionnaire was compiled, which was sent to internal auditors of all Commercial Banks of Kosovo. The results of this research provide evidence that the internal auditors in Kosovo's commercial banks consider the objectivity, competence and performance as major factors that affect the quality of the internal audit (IA) function. Based on these papers results the authors recommend that Kosovo's commercial banks should ensure the availability of main resources to achieve a better functioning of the internal audit department and its function.


The present invention relates to an exhaust gas purification system for an engine of a small or middle size vessel. The present invention provides an exhaust gas purification system includes an in-line scrubber (11) directly installed on an exhaust gas line of an engine (1) of a small or middle size vessel; a circulating water purification apparatus (21) for neutralizing exhaust water exhausted from the in-line scrubber (11), removing sludge from the exhaust water and re-circulating the treated water to the in-line scrubber (11); and an exhaust gas re-circulating apparatus (41) for partly collecting the exhaust gas exhausted from the in-line scrubber (11) and supplying the collected gas to an intake port (6) of the engine (1). According to the present invention, since the system is attached directly to the exhaust gas line of the marine engine, the system may be easily installed even in narrow space. In addition, since any additional structures are not required, the installation cost may be reduced.


Purpose - – This study aims to identify the main influential factors of Islamic banking services adoption in Malaysia. Islamic banking as a new banking method represents its multiple services around the world. Different groups of bank customers use these services in their daily financing and banking activities. However, the usage and adoption rate of these services in Malaysia seems to be under expected level. Design/methodology/approach - – Therefore, this study attempts to discover the main influential factors of Islamic banking services adoption in Malaysia as a country with the dual banking system. Findings - – The study concluded that perceived attributes of innovation, namely, relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and finally observability of Islamic banking services with customers' desire will influence them to use these novel banking services. Originality/value - – As discussed in the previous part of this study, the usage rate of Islamic banking services has not achieved the expected rate by customers. Consequently, it is crucial to focus on finding the determinant factors that are able to increase the acceptance as well as usage of these services among bank consumers. This information would afford researchers as well as banking service providers a better understanding of how to facilitate future adoption of this Islamic facility.


Background: In developing countries, pregnancy and child birth are one of the leading causes of death for women of reproductive age. The slogan for world health day 2005 "making every mother and child count" reflects the reality that today, government and the community need to make the health of women and children a higher priority. Every minute, at least one women dies from complications related to pregnancy and child birth that means 1,400 women die every day , more than half a million women die every year. Five direct complications account for more than 70% maternal deaths. Hemorrhage (25%), infection (15%), unsafe abortion (13%), eclampsia (12%) and obstructed labor (8%). The present study to assess the pre and post test knowledge, practice and attitude of primi antenatal mothers regarding warning signs during pregnancy, to compare the pre test and post test knowledge, practice and attitude scores among primi antenatal mothers regarding warning signs during pregnancy, to correlate the post test knowledge score with attitude score regarding warning signs during pregnancy and to find out the association between knowledge and attitude scores with selected demographic variables. The research design used for the study was one group pretest posttest, pre experimental design. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 60 samples for the study. The tool used for the study was structured interview schedule and five point likert scale. The data gathered were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings showed that the structured teaching programme was effective in increasing the knowledge, knowledge on practice and attitude among primi antenatal mothers regarding warning signs during pregnancy. Thus structured teaching programme played an important role in improving the knowledge, knowledge on practice and attitude of primi antenatal mothers. The study findings revealed that there was a significant improvement in knowledge, knowledge on practice and attitude of primi antenatal mothers by STP. Based on the statistical findings ("t" value = 38.2, 60.52, and 19.9). It is evident that the structured teaching programme will motivate the primi antenatal mothers and help them to acquire knowledge about warning signs during pregnancy which will promote adequate practice in them to ensure maternal and fetal well being. Keyword: Primi antenatal, warning signs.


This study aimed to describe the mother's level of knowledge about nutrition , describe the nutritional status of children under five , and maternal knowledge about the relationship of nutrition and nutritional status of children under five in Housing Belimbing.Jenis this research is quantitative descriptive correlational form . The population in this study were mothers of children under five who have poor nutritional status and malnutrition , amounting to 38 orang.Analisis using the Pearson correlation coefficient Product Moment Correlation and continued with the t test for the significance analysis korelasi.Berdasarkan coefficient description of the data analysis results , that percentage the level of achievement of the respondents on the variables of maternal nutrition knowledge was highest in the percentage of 58 % with the low category , nutritional status of children under five variables obtained results from 38 infants who have nutritional problems are 11 % who suffer from malnutrition , and the remaining 89 % are children under five nutritional status less . The results of the correlation analysis suggests that there is a positive and significant relationship between mothers' knowledge of nutrition with nutritional status of children in the Housing Carambola . Keywords : Mothers' Knowledge OfNutrition, Nutritional Status


Unmanned underwater vehicles having no umbilical can be successfully used for defense and commercial applications only if answers are found to the two most critical technical challenges: accurate positioning, and communications at a reasonable cost. The author states that, as new OEM GPS receivers achieve metric accuracy, LEO satellites will soon offer real-time two-way data communications anywhere over the oceans. DSP chips offer tremendous signal processing power. The question that raises is how those new technologies will be assembled together to make practical, operational and efficient underwater positioning and guidance systems. GIB (GPS intelligent buoys) involve groups of buoys that calculate their own position from the GPS and then send acoustic signals to the underwater vehicle as a basis for calculation of its position.


—This paper presents the theory of cyclic filter banks and wavelets defined on finite fields with characteristic two. The perfect reconstruction condition for cyclic filter banks and the discrete cyclic wavelet transform over theses fields are introduced. Examples and applications in the field of error control codes are presented


The invention relates to a method for positioning an underwater magnetic target in a high-precision and long-distance mode through a total geomagnetic field. The method includes the steps that a plane square array is formed by arraying four magnetic sensors on the water surface or under the water surface; a first sensor measurement value, a second sensor measurement value, a third sensor measurement value, a fourth sensor measurement value and the distance between each sensor and the target are collected; the orientation coordinates and target magnetic moment of the target are worked out; all time parameters are output, and target motion tracks are described. According to the method, target positioning is achieved by detecting the single scalar of the total geomagnetic field. Because the total geomagnetic field is measured, gesture and orientation correction is not needed for convenient installing and use of a magnetometer. Due to the adoption of a magnetic field difference algorithm, the influence of time variant of the total geomagnetic field and the influence of spatial environment magnetic field distribution on magnetic positioning can be excluded; by means of the positioning method, the positioning precision is high, and the measured distance is long.


We describe a new approach to transmitting broadband signals from electrically small antennas (ESAs), with a focus on lower frequencies where ESA limitations are most pronounced. ESAs traditionally suffer from a stringent tradeoff between bandwidth and efficiency that is caused by a high reactive input impedance. Conventional resonant-matching networks can reduce this impedance to improve efficiency, but at the cost of having a narrow operational bandwidth and often a large physical structure. In this article, we propose a time-varying matching technique that removes the need for resonant matching entirely. Our concept is to rapidly vary the conductivity of the antenna in order to prevent reflections from returning to the antenna feed, effectively making the antenna nonreciprocal so that it appears infinitely long and is therefore matched to the characteristic impedance of the surrounding transmission line. An ESA with such a matching scheme would be able to radiate over a wider bandwidth since the matching occurs in the time domain. This technique would be particularly useful for generating very-low-frequency (VLF)/low-frequency (LF) waves, which are uniquely suited for many applications such as long-range and underwater communication. We present the theory of operation for such an antenna as well as results from numerical modeling, which suggests improved performance over that of a conventional ESA.


From the Publisher:
Microchips. Genetic modification of plants. Cloning. Exciting new discoveries in reproductive, genetic, and information technologies all serve to call into question the immutability of the boundaries between humans, animals, and machines. The category of the "posthuman" reflects the implications of such new technologies on contemporary culture, especially in their capacity to reconfigure the human body and to challenge our most fundamental understandings of human nature. Elaine L. Graham explores these issues as they are expressed within popular culture and the creative arts. From the myth of Prometheus and the Gothic horror of Frankenstein's monster to contemporary postmodern science fiction, a gallery of fantastic creatures haunts Western myth, religion, and literature. They serve to connect contemporary debates with enduring concerns about the potential -- and the limits -- of human creativity.


Under the new curriculum reform idea,the sports classroom instruction must insist  health first the guiding principle. How the gym instructors create a loose,independent and special teaching environment is the new curriculum reform direction and is a new effective teaching way. This paper discusses how to strengthen students' study interest,raise student's practice innovative ideology,and enhance teaching quality.


An up-flow biological aerated sewage filter was used for the advanced wastewater treatment.Ammonia-oxidizers follow heterotrophs in the start-up.The UBAF reactor used in this study showed no nitrification when it was started-up with a high COD loading.This inducted the biofilm-formation process is crucial for achieving a multispecies biofilm with heterotrophs and nitrifiers.The inlet area and outer layers of the reactor are dominated more by faster-growing heterotrophs and ammonia-oxidizers with a low COD.The nitrifiers are mostly on the top and outer layers.Experimental observation revealed the non-uniform spatial distributions of bacteria populations within the biofilm because of the competition of the substrate,DO and space.


The Italian priest Ernesto Cozzi is an important figure for two reasons: he wrote valuable ethnographic studies of life in the 'Malësi' (northern highlands) of Albania in the early years of the twentieth century, and after the First World War he was the 'Apostolic Delegate' who revitalized the Catholic Church in that country. Both aspects of his life and work were ignored under Communism, and remain little known today. This essay tells the story of his life, using his published writings, his personal diary for 1912–13, the manuscript notebooks of his friend Edith Durham and the reports he submitted to his superiors in Rome. What emerges is a portrait of a resourceful and principled man, a conscientious parish priest, fluent in Albanian, and devoted both to the Albanian anti-Ottoman cause and to the good of the Church. His ethnographic writings are discussed: what survives is a series of articles, chapters of an intended book, on illnesses, death and funerals, the life of Albanian women (including the 'sworn virgins'), blood-feuds, superstitions, agriculture, and social organization and customary law. His personal diary is of particular interest, as it describes the dramatic events of the First Balkan War: Cozzi began by supporting the Montenegrin attack on Ottoman Albania, but became rapidly disillusioned by Montenegro's policies. The last part of the essay discusses Cozzi's energetic work to improve the state of the Catholic Church in Albania in the six years before his death in 1926.


The ejector refrigeration cycle has gained special interest due to its simplicity and hence can be a good choice as a subcooling device for the transcritical CO2 refrigeration system for performance improvement, which is an emerging research field. Hence, the aim of this study is the proposal and comparison of various ejector refrigeration‐based dedicated subcooling methods in the CO2 refrigeration system. Six different cycle configurations (one is existing and five are novel) using the ejector refrigeration cycle for subcooling the CO2 after the gas cooler are examined. All cycles are analyzed energetically, exegetically, economically, and environmentally by developed model and compared with the reference CO2 refrigeration system (without subcooling). Effects of gas cooler pressure, generator temperature, evaporator temperature, ambient temperature, and degree of subcooling are discussed. Gas cooler pressure is optimized for maximum COP. Cycle 4 (with internal heat exchanger and gas cooler waste heat‐driven generator only) yields maximum COP and exergy efficiency among all subcooling cycles at optimum operating conditions. However, the environmental pollution for cycles without an internal heat exchanger is less. In terms of cost per cooling capacity, Cycle 4 is best but having operational restriction (better for sufficiently higher temperature lift). Cycle 1 and Cycle 2 may be the better choice if heat is available.


A new graph-based approach for simultaneous segmentation of lungs in 4D CT scans is presented. The approach is based on a "just enough" user interaction principle and consists of two stages. First, a fully automated graph-based segmentation algorithm is applied. Second, the user inspects the result and can correct local segmentation errors with all interactions performed within the graph-based computer-aided computational framework. The method was evaluated on ten 4D CT scans of lungs with disease (cancer, etc.). Compared against an independent reference standard, the average Dice coefficient was 0.966 ± 0.014 and 0.974 ± 0.009 after automated segmentation and subsequent interactive computer-aided refinement, respectively. Overall, fifteen out of twenty left/right lungs at inspiration and expiration needed refinement. This process took 4.3 min on average. The achieved improvement in segmentation performance was found to be significant (p <;<; 0.001). Results demonstrate good performance of the fully automated segmentation approach, which can be further improved by means of graph-based refinement.


Our title is a take-off on Thomas Nagel's profound and famous piece, "What Is It Like to Be a Bat?," which first appeared in The Philosophical Review in 1974 and has been cited hundreds of times since. (Google finds 67,000 hits!) His point is that it's impossible to know what it's like to be a bat. Of course, we can imagine having leathery wings, navigating by sonar, eating bugs while flying, and hanging upside down to sleep, but that's not the same as knowing what a bat experiences. In other words, we can't know what it's like for a bat to be a bat. Whether you agree with him or not, his view is even more relevant today than it was in 1974.


AIM: To test the hypothesis that aircraft noise causes more awakenings and alterations of sleep structure than rail and road traffic noise. METHODS: 12 women and 12 men (19-28 years) slept, following a habituation night, 4 nights each during 3 consecutive weeks in the laboratory. They were exposed with weekly changes to road-, rail-, or aircraft noise. Each week consisted of a random sequence of a quiet night and 3 nights with equivalent noise levels of 39, 44 and 50 dBA indoors. The polysomnogram was recorded throughout all nights, sleep quality was assessed and performance tests were completed in the morning. RESULTS: Noise-induced awakenings and structural parameters of sleep, subjective quality and performance indicated more disturbances with increasing noise levels. Where decreased subjective sleep quality was not related to the type of noise, noise-induced awakenings and other physiological parameters of sleep were most affected by rail and least by road traffic noise. CONCLUSIONS: As road-, rail- and aircraft noise caused the same after-effects but different physiological effects integrated noise metrics might be suitable for the prediction of subjective sleep quality but not for the physiological disturbances of sleep.


Abstract A roundtable at the 11th workshop of the European Financial Reporting Research Group (EUFIN) on Friday 4 September 2015 in Paris brought together leading participants in the development and enforcement of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the use of IFRS financial statements to debate the future challenges in European financial reporting. The panellists were Philippe Danjou, a board member of the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), Roxana Damianov, team leader for corporate reporting at the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) and Jacques de Greling, senior equity analyst at Natixis, vice-chairman of the European Federation of Financial Analysts Societies (EFFAS) financial accounting commission, member of the IASB's capital markets advisory group and member of the user panel of the European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG). The panel was chaired by David Cairns. None of the panellists presented formal papers but instead spoke and debated freely about a range of current and future challenges. Not surprisingly, they focussed on the challenges arising from the use of IFRS in the consolidated financial statements by EU companies listed on EU regulated markets rather than the challenges that might arise from the use of EU or national requirements in non-IFRS financial statements. This paper provides a synthesis of the panel discussions in the context of the European Commission's evaluation of the International Accounting Standards (IAS) Regulation, the International Financial Reporting Standards Foundation's (IFRSF) review of its own and the IASB's structure and effectiveness, and the ongoing work of the IASB and ESMA.


Peer Context and the Consequences of Adolescent DrinkingAuthor(s): Robert Crosnoe, Chandra Muller, Kenneth FrankSource: Social Problems, Vol. 51, No. 2 (May, 2004), pp. 288-304Published by: University of California Press on behalf of the Society for the Study of SocialProblemsStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4148735Accessed: 26/09/2008 15:26


Nearly two years after removal of Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali and Hosni Mubarak, Tunisia and Egypt are still in transition: gains made by early 2013 remain tenuous, and whether democracy takes root remains to be seen. This article identifies variables affecting these states' prospects for democratic development by drawing lessons from the post-communist coloured revolutions of the early 2000s, when democratic forces had difficulty consolidating initial gains. Based on these cases, we suggest that choices available to political actors, in particular the ability of democratic opposition forces to maintain unity and support a common transition platform, and their success in removing old regime elites, will be crucial in the post-Arab Spring environment. However, we also examine structural variables, including the nature of the ousted authoritarian regime and external leverage, which point to differences between the coloured revolutions and MENA uprisings and suggest limits to cross-regional comparison.


Over the past twenty years in performance testing a specific item type with distinguishing characteristics has arisen time and time again. It's been invented independently by dozens of test development teams. And yet this item type is not recognized in the research literature. This article is an invitation to investigate the item type, evaluate the contexts in which it may be appropriately used, and assess possible statistical and administrative ramifications of the item type. The nearest approximations to this item type in the literature are "non-compensatory items" or "conjunctive items", although for reasons that will become apparent it might be more appropriate to simply call them "gating items." Readers, researchers and practitioners are encouraged to address the issues of 1) How to evaluate and document the quality of these items for which traditional item statistics do not appear to be appropriate; and 2) How to incorporate gating items into the evaluation of the instrument.


Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is found on a long‐term medical practice in China. Rare human brains can fully grasp the deep TCM knowledge derived from a tremendous amount of experience. In this big data era, a big electronic brain might be competent via deep learning techniques. For this prospect, the electronic brain needs to process various heterogeneous data, such as images, texts, audio signals, and other sensory data. It used to be a challenge to analyze the heterogeneous data by the computer‐aided system until the advances of the powerful deep learning tools. We propose a multimodal deep learning framework to mimic a TCM practitioner to diagnose a patient on the basis of multimodal perceptions of see, listen, smell, ask, and touch. The framework learns common representations from various high‐dimensional sensory data, and fuse the information for final classification. We propose to use conceptual alignment deep neural networks to embed prior knowledge and obtain interpretable latent representations. We implement a multimodal deep architecture to process tongue image and description text data for TCM diagnosis. Experiments illustrate that the multimodal deep architecture can extract effective features from heterogeneous data, produce interpretable representations, and finally achieve a higher accuracy than either corresponding unimodal architectures.


Anadromous Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) return annually from marine ecosystems to their natal freshwater habitat to spawn and die. Runs of spawning salmon provide an important source of nutrients and energy to watersheds. However, in coastal systems, substantial amounts of salmon-derived nutrients can be exported back to estuaries. Human land use, including agriculture and urban development, also contribute substantial nutrients to coastal ecosystems, and have the potential to confound results from salmon-derived nutrient studies. This thesis examines the influences of spawning salmon and human land use on stream nutrient and particulate dynamics, including export to estuaries. It also investigates the use of the stable isotope composition (δC and δN) of estuarine clams, the varnish clam (Nuttalia obscurata: Reeve, 1857) and the manila clam (Tapes philippinarum), and their food sources, as indices of the freshwater export of salmonderived nutrients to estuaries. Samples were collected from three nearby river-estuary systems along Southeast Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Study systems had either a large number of returning salmon and little human land use (Goldstream), few returning


The complex system is quite a universal objective reality. Only by forming a viewpoint of totality can limitations of reductionism be broken through. The metasynthetic method, which consists in comprehensive synthesis from qualitative to quantitative fields, is an approach for solving complex problems. The department of overall design, the collective for applying this method, is the decision-making consultancy and staff organization for the State to work out long-term plans, and tackle all the complex systems and open complex giant systems issues. The materialist dialectics of Marxism is the highest generalization of all knowledge. The theory of metasynthetic wisdom leads the people to acquire intelligence, wisdom and knowledge as early as possible. Combination of science and technology with philosophy is the core of metasynthetic wisdom. Metasynthetic wisdom is needed to attack complex problems.


Differences in growth traits and survival of Achatina achatina snails were evaluated in the two housing systems (Tyre and plastic box) using an adult snails of 100g on average weight comprises of one hundred and eighty (280) snails. The snails were randomly assigned to two housing systems i.e tyres and plastic boxes. One hundred and fourty (140) snails each were reared in tyre and plastic housing confinement respectively. Data were obtained on body weight (BDW), Shell length (SL), Shell Width (SW) and Shell thickness (ST) for the period of three months. Significant (P 0.05) differences between the housing types and Shell thickness (ST) throughout the experimental period. It was concluded that Achatina achatina snails can perform well in the tyre housing system due to limited explosure to ray of light in southern guinea savanna zone, Oyo State, Nigeria.


A qualitative process is discussed for the growth of crystals beginning with the flux. In order to carry out the process a modified version of the Kyropoulos principle is used, by which a crystal is obtained with characteristics and dimensions suitable for use with a nuclear particle detector. (tr-auth)


The purpose of this paper is to develop a system of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of entrepreneurial ecosystems based on platform solutions. These indicators can further be used as a mechanism for tracking the ongoing transformations in business environment. Scientific publications, normative legal acts, and analytical materials of Russian, foreign and international organizations served as a methodological basis of the research. The proposed principles of forming a system of indicators take into account the possibility of achieving the objectives of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and increasing the value created within the ecosystem.


Dense symmetrical calcification of the corpus striatum is rare, but of some general interest for two reasons. First, in a significant number of the reported cases this apparently degenerative condition is closely linked with a metabolic disorder, hypoparathyroidism, which may be idiopathic, parathyroprivic, or of the variety in which the parathyroid glands are histologically normal but the body is unable to respond to parathormone (Albright's pseudohypoparathyroidism). Secondly, in no other degenerative disease limited to a neurophysiological system can the process be visualized radiologically. In contrast with the rare gross calcification under discussion, microscopically demonstrable calcification occurring on a basis of hyaline degeneration in and around the vessels in these regions is very common, and can, indeed, be found to a certain extent in normal brains. Such calcification formerly attracted much attention in certain inflammatory conditions, chorea, encephalitis lethargica, polio-encephalitis, and cerebral malaria; in intoxications with carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, and lead; in degenerative conditions such as amaurotic idiocy and the progressive pigmentary pallidonigral degeneration of Hallervorden and Spatz , and in certain metabolic and %-ndocrine disorders (other than hypoparathyroidism) such as Addison's disbase, cretinism, myxoedema, and severe pernicious anaemia.. Calcification in the basal ganglia gross enough to be visible radiologically occurs in two main groups of conditions: in association with parathyroid insufficiency, as is now well known, and in icerta rAre frnpilial instances. It is in the latter, of which the family reported below is the third in the literature, that the calcification attains its most florid form.


A formalism is presented to determine donor (ND) and acceptor (NA) concentrations in wurtzitic InN characterized by degenerate carrier concentration (n) and mobility (μ). The theory includes scattering not only by charged point defects and impurities, but also by charged threading dislocations, of concentration Ndis. For an 0.45μm-thick InN layer grown on Al2O3 by molecular beam epitaxy, having Ndis = 5 x 10 cm, determined by transmission electron microscopy, n(20 K) = 3.5 x 10 cm, and μ(20 K) = 1055 cm/V-s, determined by Hall-effect measurements, the fitted values are


Census bureau. City finances: 1943. Vol. 2: Topical reports. City capital outlay from 1937 through 1943. Washington, April, 1946, 21 p. (processed). [Statistics from various points of view for 37 cities with populations of over 250,000, and 397 cities with populations of over 25,000.] . City finances: 1944. City debt in 1944. Washington, 1946. 59 p. (processed). [Statistics for 397 cities of 25,000 population and over.] . Summary of city government finances in 1944. Washington, May, 1946. 46 p. (processed). . Governmental debt in the United States, 1945. final. Washington, 1946. 12 p. (processed).


The study of thermal transfer in old houses massive walls offers a big interest permitting the understanding of their specificities and the choice of a suitable material for their eventual insulation. We propose to study the thermal transfer in massive brick walls that characterize the Northern Europe old houses. To do so, we will begin by defining the thermal transfer mode: we proved that the transfer mode can be reduced to a unidirectional transfer. Then, an experimental wall is built and submitted to two different solicitation types (constant temperature in steady state mode and sinusoidal temperature) through a wooden insulated box containing a radiator. The interest of these solicitations is to determine the thermal properties of the wall: the steady-state regime permits to determine the thermal resistances of the system when the harmonic regime permits to determine the thermal capacities of the system.


Objective To evaluate the protal hemodynamic changes in patients with hepatic cirrhosis and hypertension treated with PSE.Methods The portal hemodynamic changes were measured using color Doppler ultrasonography in 22 cases with hepatic cirrhosis and hypertension before and after PSE respectively.Results The quantity of blood flow of the portal vein(PV),splenic vein(SV),superior mesentery vein(SMV) and plussing SV with SMV dropped in 22 cases after PSE(P0.05).Conclusion Color Doppler ultrasonography measure of the portal hemodynamic changes of patients with hepatic cirrhosis provides clinical bases for both choosing cases for PSE and judging effects of treatment.PSE can improve the state of hyperdynamic circulation of portal veins system.


The objectives of this research were: 1) to identify the needs of the students of the airline staff department, 2) to develop the communicative English materials for the job interview class for the students of the airline staff department.
This study was a research and development (R & D) study. The stages were conducting the needs analysis, writing the course grid, writing the materials, reviewing and evaluating the materials by experts, and writing the final draft of the materials. The subjects of the research were 26 students of the Airline Staff department. The quantitative data were obtained from questionnaires and the qualitative data were obtained from the interview.
Based on the research findings, the materials provide language functions, grammar lessons, and vocabulary lessons. There are two units developed based on the needs of the students of the airline staff department of PSPP Yogyakarta. The first unit is entitled "Tell me About Yourself" and the second unit is entitled "I am an Airline Staff". From the results of the materials evaluation, the mean values ( ) of the statements are 3.83 to 4.43 for the materials. It can be concluded that the materials are well-developed. It is supported by the interview results stating that the components of the tasks in the units are good.


To solve the problem of performance worsening on scheduling key transactions induced by intensive data accessing in large scale e-trading, the paper classifies the varieties of trading transactions and investigates on their unique structures, and presents a two-stage schedule policy based on virtual deadline and timestamp ordering. It guarantees the prior scheduling of primary transactions by adopting both methods of proper segmentation of long matchmaking transaction and rational selection of amending factor. The results of simulations and tests show that, trading transactions can be totally processed up to 1970 within one second and each close to 0.5ms in no delay condition, meet the need of scheduling concurrent transactions in large scale e-trading.


The short-run non-neutrality of money and its implications for inflation dynamics are examined in a monetary search economy with heterogeneous agents. Lump-sum money injections affect the distribution of money holdings in equilibrium and thus generate short-run non-neutrality. The response of prices and inflation to shocks of this type depends on the changes in households' search intensity that they induce. Monetary shocks change the distribution of prices in equilibrium and thus alter the returns to search. The resulting changes in optimal search intensity affect sellers' profit maximizing markups and thus may result in sluggish price adjustment and persistent inflation despite the absence of restrictions of sellers; ability to set prices in every period


PURPOSE: A one-roll crusher is provided to increase cost reduction rates and durability of a product by extending a lifespan of a roll by evenly distributing aggregate inside the crusher by installing a distribution device on a bottom plate of a hopper. CONSTITUTION: A one-roll crusher comprises the following: a first frame(100); a jaw crusher(200) consisting of a swing jaw(210), a ply wheel(220), a first driving unit, a fixture, a toggle block(130), a tension load and a first elastic body; a second frame(600) located on the front of the first frame; a roll crusher(300) consisting of a second driving unit driving a roll and the cylindrical roll(310); and a hopper(400) discharging aggregate and located on the top of the roll crusher.


Disclosed herein is a cell therapeutic composition for treating ischemic limb diseases, more specifically, disclosed is a cell therapeutic composition for treating ischemic diseases, which contains adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells and sucrose or mannose as an excipient. The composition induces angiogenesis around closed blood vessels in the ischemic limb lesions, and thus is useful to treat ischemic diseases.


This piece reviews alternative reform proposals for international environmental governance, and the role of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in a new international environmental architecture. It argues for streamlining UNEP as a scientific hub within a broader international network of linked actors involved in environmental governance.


The effects of UVA and UVB on skin health were introduced respectively.Some hot topics that were concerned recently on sunscreen market were stated.Meanwhile,the market of sunscreen and skin whitening was analyzed.Finally,the future trends and the new tendencies in sunscreen market were overviewed.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of behavioral finance on the investment decision making process. Standard financial theory always assumes that investors are rational figures. But in fact, investment decisions taken have psychological aspects that affect their decisions. The samples in this study were 36 Lecturers at the Faculty of Economics at PGRI Adi Buana Surabaya. The results showed that there was a significant influence between behavioral finance on investment decisions. In subsequent research, this article can contribute to investor behavior by considering the irrational aspects and behavioral finance theory in the process of formulating strategic policies, which is no longer focused solely on mathematical modeling, statistics, and econometrics, but is able to combine them with aspects of investor psychology.


Background: Trigeminocardiac reflex is a sudden parasympathetic physiological response causing significant cardiovascular disturbances during nerve stimulation in the path of the fifth cranial nerve, generally during surgical procedures in oral and maxillofacial surgery, neurosurgery, ophthalmology, and dermatology. Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint has traditionally been considered a safe, minimally invasive surgical procedure, yet this technique is not without neuro and cardiovascular complications. Objective: To present a clinical case that during an arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint in the instrumentation phase of the superior joint space, and under continuous monitoring by the anesthetist, report sudden bradycardia Conclusion: The intraoperative diagnosis of trigeminocardiac reflex was described by the anesthesiology service, receiving early pharmacological treatment of this condition, allowing an adequate trans and postoperative evolution. Arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint has traditionally been considered a safe, minimally invasive surgical procedure, yet this technique is not without complications. The objective of this article is to present a clinical case that during an arthroscopy of the temporomandibular joint in the instrumentation phase of the superior joint space suffered sudden bradycardia, with an intraoperative diagnosis of a trigeminocardiac reflex, receiving early treatment from the service of anesthesiology of this condition, obtaining an adequate trans and postoperative evolution.


A fully developed turbulent flow in a rectangular duct with rib-roughened short-side walls has been measured by hot-wire anemometers. Detailed results obtained in two cross sections, the midpoint between two ribs and on top of a rib, are presented for quantities such as coefficient of flow resistance, local wall shear stress, primary and secondary flow velocities, turbulence kinetic energy, and turbulent shear stresses. It has been found that only one large longitudinal vortex appears in a quadrant cross section of the present rough duct, which causes strong distortions in the contours of the primary flow velocity. The turbulent shear stress that is normal to the rough wall becomes much larger than that of the smooth duct, but that parallel to the rough wall shows almost the same distribution as the smooth duct, qualitatively and quantitatively. The distribution of the secondary flow vectors changes depending on the distance between the rib and the measuring cross section. However, the distributions of the turbulent stresses are independent of the streamwise location of the measuring cross section.


Significance The carbohydrate components of glycoproteins are known to affect the structure and function of glycoproteins, and thus it is important to develop effective tools to manipulate and optimize the glycan components of glycoproteins with therapeutic significance. This study demonstrates the discovery of endoglycosidases for the remodeling of glycans on Herceptin, a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of breast cancer, to optimize its effector functions, especially the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In addition, a method has been developed for the expression of antibodies from yeast to enable the large-scale synthesis of antibodies for further manipulation of the glycan moiety, using endoglycosidases and stable transglycosylation donors to prepare a homogeneous glycoform with optimized effector functions. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been developed as therapeutics, especially for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, and infectious diseases. Because the glycosylation of mAbs in the Fc region influences their interaction with effector cells that kill antibody-targeted cells, and the current method of antibody production is relatively expensive, efforts have been directed toward the development of alternative expressing systems capable of large-scale production of mAbs with desirable glycoforms. In this study, we demonstrate that the mAb trastuzumab expressed in glycoengineered P. pastoris can be remodeled through deglycosylation by endoglycosidases identified from the Carbohydrate Active Enzymes database and through transglycosylation using glycans with a stable leaving group to generate a homogeneous antibody designed to optimize the effector functions. The 10 newly identified recombinant bacterial endoglycosidases are complementary to existing endoglycosidases (EndoA, EndoH, EndoS), two of which can even accept sialylated tri- and tetraantennary glycans as substrates.


This study employs jump-diffusion model, including ARJI model and GARCH-Constant Jump model, to examine jump frequency and risk of Taiwan stock and foreign exchange markets during legislative election period. The empirical results indicate that, firstly, ARM model fits data better than GARCH-Constant Jump model. Second, Taiwan stock and foreign exchange markets exist jump behavior. Thirdly, Legislative election event made a great jump probability impact on Taiwan stock and Foreign Exchange Markets.


The theory of gas flow in the molecular range was used to develop equations that may be used to model the pressures in a space system. It is noted that one key factor associated with the volume electrical breakdown in a vacuum is the residual gas in the vacuum. In a space system it is possible that regions could have pressures that are close to the Paschen minimum. The pressures of evacuated regions are determined mainly by the pressures of connected regions, the conductances to the connected regions, and the outgassing load presented by the materials in the regions. In the molecular flow range, conductances are modeled by C=1.6*10/sup 5/ A alpha where A is the area of the orifice connecting two regions and alpha is the transmission probability of the connection. The outgassing load presented by the materials is modeled by integrating the number of molecules leaving the surface. The pressure change may then be calculated using dP/dt=(-CP+Q)/V. These techniques have been incorporated into a computer model used to predict the pressures in vacuum regions. The results of an application of this model are presented.<<ETX>>


A search for production of supersymmetric particles in final states containing jets, missing transverse momentum, and one or more tau leptons is presented. The data were recorded by the ATLAS experiment in √ s = 7 TeV proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. No excess above the Standard Model background expectation was observed in 2 . 05 fb − 1 of data. The results are interpreted in the context of GMSB models with M mess = 250 TeV, N 5 = 3, µ > 0, and C grav = 1, excluding the production of supersymmetric particles up to Λ = 40 TeV for tan β > 15 at 95% C.L.


Archivists and records managers would benefit from a greater understanding of the use and effectiveness of various machine learning methods, especially in the related context of electronic discovery. However, the binary classification methods used in advance search techniques in the e-discovery space may or may not prove efficacious where the information task involves sorting records into multiple categories. A survey of the landscape of machine learning methods reveals areas of potential weakness, which in turn serve as a starting point for future research in the computational archives space.


Effective doses of ionizing radiation during preoperative radiotherapy occasionally cause wound complications after subsequent surgery. The authors attempted to accelerate radiation‐impaired wound healing in animal models. Recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (rhG‐CSF), recombinant human macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (rhM‐CSF), and an inhibitor of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 receptor kinase, SB431542, were injected s.c. into a full‐thickness incisional wound site in the dorsal skin of rats after local irradiation of X‐ray (30 Gy). Wound healing of irradiated skin was assessed using the breaking strength of the wound and histological analyses. The impaired wound healing in irradiated skin was found to be associated with impaired mobilization of bone marrow‐derived cells and enhanced expression of TGF‐β1 mRNA. The breaking strength of the wound in the irradiated skin was approximately one‐eighth of that in the non‐irradiated skin; however, following combined treatment with the above three compounds the breaking strength increased to approximately one‐half of that in the non‐irradiated skin. Histological analysis of the wounded skin revealed an increase in formation of collagen fibers and the panniculus carnosus following the combined treatment. Moreover, the increased breaking strength was associated with an increase in a subpopulation of fibrocytes (collagen I/ED1 double positive cells). These findings suggested that a combined treatment with rhG‐CSF, rhM‐CSF, and SB431542 is promising as a means of improving radiation‐impaired wound healing. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 1021–1028)


BACKGROUND: Throughout its system of regional centers, Blood Systems implemented culture based bacterial testing with a standardized protocol for both apheresis and whole blood–derived platelets (PLTs).


Abstract : Stress- magnification factors were obtained for the effect of mismatch of the middle surfaces at junctions in shell structures. The results are directly applicable only when the thickness and the slope on one side of a mismatched joint are the same as those on the other. Results are found for biaxial stress states with any principal stress ratio at the joint, including cases in which the stresses are of opposite sign. Both principal and effective stress- magnification factors are given for long or local mismatch. The results are presented both graphically and in equation form. As expected, the increase in stress is substantially higher when the membrane stress normal to the mismatch is greater in magnitude than that parallel to the mismatch. The effective stress factors are highest when the membrane stress normal to the mismatch is about twice the membrane stress parallel to the mismatch. This case would occur, for example, at a longitudinal seam in a cylindrical pressure vessel. Principal stress- magnification factors for a given amount of mismatch do not vary with stress ratio if the membrane stress normal to the mismatch is greater than that parallel to the mismatch.


AbstractThe scope of the present study was to identify the most effective and less toxic combination of various organic solvents and extractants for the extraction of Cr(VI) from synthetic wastewaters with extremely high chromium concentration (up to 1,000 ppm) in order to be further used in a novel two-liquid-phase bioreactor for microbial reduction of Cr(VI). In terms of organic solvents, hexane, heptane, chloroform, ethyl-acetate, and kerosene were tested, whereas Aliquat 336, TOPO, and TPB were used as extractants. The effect of the pH of the aqueous phase and of the ratio of organic to aqueous phase were studied in terms of Cr(VI) extraction. The extraction capacities of different combinations of solvents/extractants and the addition of 1-hexanol as a stabilizer for the most effective separation of phases were also assessed. Moreover, the toxicity of each solvent was assessed using acclimated mixed consortia. The acclimated, enriched culture was further used as inoculums for the start up of a sequent...


An inkjet nozzle device includes a main chamber having a floor, a roof and a perimeter wall extending between the floor and the roof. The main chamber includes: a firing chamber having a nozzle aperture defined in the roof and an actuator for ejection of ink through the nozzle aperture; an antechamber for supplying ink to the firing chamber, the antechamber having a main chamber inlet defined in the floor; and a baffle structure partitioning the main chamber to define the firing chamber and the antechamber, the baffle structure extending between the floor and the roof. The firing chamber and the antechamber have a common plane of symmetry.


The oscillator strength of excitons is investigated systematically in lattice-matched GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As, strained-well ${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As/GaAs, and strained-well GaAs/${\mathrm{GaAs}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{P}}_{\mathit{x}}$ quantum wells (QW's) using Fourier-transform reflectance spectroscopy. The oscillator strength in GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As QW's increases as the well width is reduced, in agreement with the existing theory, while those in ${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As/GaAs and GaAs/${\mathrm{GaAs}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{P}}_{\mathit{x}}$ QW's show a maximum at a certain well width. The well-width dependence of the band nonparabolicity and the overlap of the electron and hole wave functions is responsible for this behavior. The oscillator strengths in ${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As/GaAs and GaAs/${\mathrm{GaAs}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{P}}_{\mathit{x}}$ QW's are differently dependent on the alloy composition; this is also explained in terms of the band nonparabolicity and the wave-function overlap. The temperature dependence of the oscillator strength in these structures is well described by a modified Debye-Waller expression with an averaged phonon mode. The exciton-phonon interaction, deduced from the temperature dependence of the oscillator strength of the zero-phonon line, is mainly determined by confined phonons in GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As QW's, and by quasi-three-dimensional phonons in ${\mathrm{In}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As/GaAs QW's.


e16143 Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are the most common malignancy in young men. Recently, our group has reported the development of a model of human nonseminoma (NSE) after orthotopic nude mice implantation (Piulats et al, Amer Assoc Cancer Res. 2006). Pure and mix NSE anatomies were represented and they reproduce the main histological, genetic and epigenetic characteristics of paired primary tumors. Xenografts mimic distal dissemination patterns and cisplatin (CDDP) tumor behavior responses. This model has been useful for the study of antiangiogenic therapies (Piulats et al, ASCO. 2007), furthermore we want to demonstrate it is an useful tool to study the genetic mechanisms related with CDDP adquired resitance. We have generated in vivo five tumors showing increased resistance to CDDP by exposition to repetitive cycles and increasing the dose applied through different passages (1 yolk-sac; 1 choriocarcinoma; 2 embrional carcinoma; 1 mix tumor). A shortness time elipse between pasajes was observed for each tumor through CDDP treatments. To confirm increasin resistance, a parallel assay of chemotherapy response was performed between nontreated and CDDP resistant tumors. Whole genome analysis of tour xenografted tumors and their paired CDDP resistant tumor (#3 and #5 passage) were analyzed by CGH NimbeGen arrays using 60 Kb average windows. Few differential genomic changes were identified some of them were consistent across resistant tumors including gain of 9q21.11-9q33.3, 15q23-15q24.1, and 15q26.3 regions and loss of Xp22.33. In one tumour showing strong CDDP resistance compared with its sensitive counterpart it occur in absence of new genomic changes. No changes in the MSI or mutational TP53 status were observed in resisant tumors. Our data suggest that acquisition of tumor resistance to CDDP in TGCTs may proably depend of a combination of different mechanisms, including cromosomal imbalances. No significant financial relationships to disclose.


During the last decade, nanoliposomes have attracted great interest of many researchers. This was caused by unusual properties of these molecules, such us their nanosize, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. Due to these properties, they can be widely applied in many fields, especially as carriers of active substances in cosmetics, food technology, agriculture, and nanotherapy. The application of nanoliposomes as drug nanocarriers in medicine allows for more effective treatment of many diseases (e.g. cancers, atherosclerosis, ocular diseases) [1,6,7]. The advantage of these nanocarriers used in medicine is cell-specific targeting, which is indispensable to attain drug concentration, requisite for optimum therapeutic efficacy in the target site, with accompanying side effects limited to the minimum. Furthermore, the efficacy of treatment with these carriers comes from enhancing bioavailability, improving controlled release, and enabling precision targeting of the entrapped compounds, due to a larger increased surface area [7]. The aim of this paper is to present the current knowledge on the conventional methods of preparation of nanoliposomes, including microfluidization, extrusion, sonification technique, with particular emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of each of these methods.


A novel motor-pump controller was designed which takes integrated permanent magnet synchronous motor with piston pump as the control object. For aviation motor pump requires high steady precision,strong anti-load disturbance and other performances,but the integrated motor pump has strongly coupled,multi-variable,time-varying characteristics which makes traditional PI control can not guarantee high performance control requirements. An improved sliding mode variable structure combined with vector control strategy was presented. Through the introduction of the system state variables into the traditional reaching law sliding mode control,we can effectively improve the approach speed and reduce buffeting. Simulation results show that the variable rate reaching law sliding mode vector control can effectively improve the dynamic characteristic and robustness. At the same time via the controller design and experimental,we verified the controller can be run safely and reliability under rated load condition.


This report summarizes the results of initial tests of a remote sensing system capable of real time detection of particulate emissions from heavy duty transit vehicles under actual on-road operating conditions. The technique employs optical extinction (sometimes called opacity) to measure concentrations of carbon dioxide and soot in the exhaust plumes of individual vehicles. The primary goal of phase I was to ascertain whether or not the new technique held promise of sufficient sensitivity and accuracy for on-road deployment. Thus, laboratory calibration experiments were carried out to evaluate the sensor response. Measurements of carbon dioxide and soot concentrations were then made in a stationary exhaust plume taken directly from a laboratory engine. Qualitative agreement was obtained between the soot and carbon dioxide concentrations measured with the remote sensing technique and those measured with laboratory sampling instruments. Several sources of uncertainty were identified in the initial tests, and modifications are being made for phase II.


According to the national policy of cultivating applied talents, combined with the Ministry of Education "Internet + Made in China 2025" production and education integration innovation promotion plan, through the combination of enterprise perfect professional direction curriculum construction, open up students innovation, creativity and entrepreneurship three creative curriculum system, Propose training the professional quality course of the team consciousness, the image and the professional ability, and carry on the research and exploration of the applied undergraduate training mode of the professional direction of the industrial robot, Aimed at cultivating moral, intellectual, physical development, with excellent professional quality, advanced application talents in the fields of mechanical, electronic, electromechanical integration and product design, production, management, service and marketing in the fields related to industrial robots.


Measures of subjective well-being are becoming increasingly popular in the field of economics. Most commonly used are single-item life satisfaction scales (questions akin to "how satisfied are you with your life overall?" that respondents answer on a given response scale, often from 0=extreme dissatisfaction to 10=extreme satisfaction). Despite the potential benefits of such a direct welfare measure, the enthusiasm is hampered by concerns about data quality. A major issue is sensitivity of responses to situational factors, which has been shown in several studies. This thesis investigates survey item wording: the phrasing of the question and response scale. The possibility of wording effects is particularly problematic because they could systematically bias results and limit the comparability of data from surveys with dissimilar items. By means of an experiment, differently phrased items were compared, with treatments representing wording variations found among major surveys. In total, 328 people completed a survey with one of the treatment items, where assignment to conditions was random. Life satisfaction averages, dispersion and correlates were compared between items that were equivalent except for one aspect (question tone, specification of a time period or labelling of the response scale). No significant differences were found regarding life satisfaction average and dispersion between the matched versions. Some differences in correlates were found. Taken together, the results suggest that differently phrased survey items lead to similar reports in terms of the overall distribution but that the analysis of well-being determinants could be biased by wording effects. No conclusive evidence was found regarding mechanisms that might explain the divergence in correlate patterns.


Abstract We discuss a certain class of transformations of an ordinary differential equation into normal form near a stationary point. These transformations preserve certain special structures and one can derive from them a universally applicable algorithm to determine a normal form up to any desired degree. The algorithm can be programmed with the help of any computer algebra system. In the same manner, transformations into normal form on an invariant manifold are discussed.


(57) Abstract: The present invention provides an adenoviral vector comprising a cell status-specific transcriptional control elements that confer cell status-specific transcriptional control on adenoviral gene. "Cell status" is generally reversible physiological and / or environmental conditions. The present invention also provides methods of using more compositions and host cells comprising the vector, as well as the vector.