In a field experiment, we leverage differences in audit subordinates' job-relevant knowledge about clients, fraud brainstorming objectives, and "normal" audit partner leadership to explore whether and how knowledge moderates the effect of a partner-led intervention on brainstorming processes and outcomes. Our research design allows us to examine how differences in subordinate knowledge (between seniors and managers) influence auditors' judgment processes on actual audit engagements, thereby facilitating uniquely realistic inferences about the conditions under which prompt-based interventions influence brainstorming. We develop and test a theoretical model that articulates an indirect effect of quality-differentiated partner leadership on brainstorming outcomes through changes in subordinates' mental representations of fraud risk, conditional on subordinate knowledge. We manipulate partner leadership in brainstorming sessions for actual audit engagements and induce quality-differentiated leadership in our treatment group. We measure changes in mental representations using retrospective recalls of targeted professional skepticism, the number of new fraud risks identified, and changes in fraud risk assessments as a result of brainstorming. We predict and find an effect of quality-differentiated partner leadership on changes in the mental representations of seniors, but not managers. We also predict and find an indirect effect on fraud risk response outcomes (i.e., planned procedures) through changes in mental representations of seniors, but not managers. Both effects are stronger for seniors than managers. Our findings suggest knowledge differences as an explanatory factor that can guide the interpretation of, and potentially reconcile, prior mixed findings regarding incremental benefits of interventions in teams that are already brainstorming interactively.


Stainless steels are widely used in the modern world. The continuous increase in the use of stainless steels is caused by getting greater requirements relating the corrosion resistance of all types of devices. The main property of these steels is the ability to overlap a passive layer of an oxide on their surface. This layer causes that they become resistant to oxidation. One of types of corrosion-resistant steels is ferritic-austenitic steel of the duplex type, which has good strength properties. It is easily formable and weldable as well as resistant to erosion and abrasive wear. It has a low susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking, to stress corrosion, to intercrystalline one, to pitting one and to crevice one. For these reasons they are used, among others, in the construction of devices and facilities designed for chemicals transportation and for petroleum and natural gas extraction. The paper presents the results which shows that the particular specimens of the ][joint representing both heat affected zones (from the side of the 2205 steel and the 316L one) and the weld are characterized by higher hardness values than in the case of the same specimens for the 2Y joint. Probably this is caused by machining of edges of the sections of metal sheets before the welding process, which came to better mixing of native materials and the filler metal. After submerged arc welding the 2205 steel still retains the diphase, austenitic-ferritic structure and the 316L steel retains the austenitic structure with sparse bands of ferrite σ.


In this study we investigate the effects of conceptual visualization for the context of strategy communication. We predict that a visual representation of the strategic goals of an organization, compared to a textual representation, strengthens the intention to implement the strategy, mediated by attitude. Further, we combine theories on attitude-intention and the concept of the geography of thought, predicting an interaction of conceptual visualization form and culture on attitude, and consequently on intention. We test the model through an experiment with experienced professionals and find support for the predicted hypotheses of mediated moderation.


The Hibernia reservoir, located offshore on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, Canada, consists of porous sandstones, interbedded with zones of poor reservoir facies of mudstone, fine-grained sandstone, and shale. The objective is to separate out the thin reservoir layers and their impedances from within the seismic cube. The inversion scheme employed here uses a 3D multichannel algorithm based on a global optimization technique to derive a layered impedance cube from a sparsely parameterized initial model. This layering conforms to the stratification, and its vertical resolution is strongly improved with respect to that of the input seismic data.


The utility model provides an inside coaxial arrangement resin filter core that disinfects that novel resin jar that disinfects, it relates to water treatment equipment unit technical field, and it contains glass fiber layer, resin layer, antibiotic coating, disinfect resin filter core, water pipe and joint, and the casing is formed to the outer wall of the resin layer closely compound glass fiber layer that is provided with, and the both ends of casing are provided with water pipe and joint through threaded connection's mode, and its junction all is provided with the sealing washer, and the inner wall coating of casing has antibiotic coating, the casing. The resin layer adopt food level resin material to make. Antibiotic coating adopt nano-antibacterial epoxy powder to make. The resin filter core that disinfects adopt belt length chain alkyl quaternary ammonium salts bactericidal activity functional group resin to make. It adopts glass fiber and resin to combine together, reduced manufacturing cost, and disinfection is effectual, and quality of water safety can for drinking.


its objectives within the framework of the empire, furthermore, was a major factor in Wiirttemberg's defection from it from the 1790s onward— one of many reasons for the ultimate collapse of the empire. Peter Wilson has written an important study which not only adds real substance to the slowly growing body of English-language works on the lesser states of early-modern Germany (the "third Germany") but also demonstrates that even they could pursue complex foreign policies aimed at something more ambitious than sheer survival. That such policies often brought little in the way of results, and at sometimes ruinous expense, on the other hand, illustrates the limits imposed on such smaller states by both domestic restraints and the almost inescapable necessity of clientage to larger powers which too often made of their rulers disappointed victims of their own inflated and grandiose illusions.


The present invention relates to a cooperative multi-cell communication system, to a communication method therefor, and to a device therefor.


(1) Background: Blended learning (BL) models have attracted the attention of university teachers and students worldwide in recent years. However, systematic reviews related to the effectiveness of BL in university physical education are lacking. (2) Purpose: Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of BL in physical education among university students. (3) Methods: Searches were conducted in the following five databases: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus), and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and 18 articles met the inclusion criteria and were selected. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the selected studies and the quality of this study was fair (range 4–5). (4) Results: All reported sports included basketball (n = 6), badminton (n = 3), dance (n = 3), volleyball (n = 1), yoga (n = 1), aerobics (n = 1), Taiji (n = 1), swimming (n = 1), and tennis (n = 1). Seventeen studies described the effect of BL on students' motor skills, and the results showed that BL had a greater effect on basic skills, but the improvement was not significant for combination techniques. There were three studies related to physical fitness. Studies have observed significant effects on lung capacity (n = 1), sit and reach (n = 1), pull-ups (n = 1), 1000 m (n = 3), and 800 m (n = 1). However, there was no significant difference in body weight (n = 1) or standing long jump (n = 1). In addition, two articles examined the impact of BL on sitting up, but the findings were the opposite. Six studies reported on exercise attitude and the results demonstrated that BL can significantly improve students' learning attitude, target attitude, behavioral cognition, and emotional experience. However, the two articles produced different results in behavioral habits. Other results, such as satisfaction and interest in learning, were also popular topics regarding BL and were found to have improved significantly.


Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) has a dual role in the surface ocean as both a product of primary production and as an organic nutrient fueling primary production and nitrogen fixation, especially in oligotrophic gyres. Though poorly constrained, understanding the geographic distribution and environmental controls of surface ocean DOP concentration is critical to estimating distributions and rates of primary production and nitrogen fixation in the global ocean. Here we pair DOP concentration measurements with a metric of phosphate (PO43−) stress (P*), and satellite-based chlorophyll a concentrations and iron stress estimates to explore their relationship with upper 50 m DOP stocks. Our results show that PO43− and iron stress work together to control surface DOP concentrations at basin scales. Specifically, upper 50 m DOP stocks decrease with increasing phosphate stress, while alleviated iron stress leads to either surface DOP accumulation or loss depending on PO43− availability. Our work suggests an interdependence between DOP concentration, inorganic nutrient ratios, and iron availability, and establishes a predictive framework for DOP distributions in the global surface ocean.


Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells being employed in fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are promising power generators producing electric power from fuel stream via porous electrodes. Structure of carbon paper gas diffusion layers (GDLs) applying in the porous electrodes can have a great influence on the PEM fuel cell performance and distribution of temperature, especially at the cathode side where the electrochemical reaction is more sluggish. To discover the role of carbon paper GDL structure, different cathode electrodes with dissimilar anisotropy parameter are simulated via lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The distributions of temperature through the GDL as well as the distribution of temperature on the catalyst layer are presented and analyzed. The results indicate that when the carbon fibres are more likely oriented normal to the catalyst layer the distribution of temperature becomes more uniform. Besides, the maximum temperature occurs in this case.


A new lectin, named TRA, was purified from Trichosanthes kirilowii root by acid-treated Sepharose 6B, Mono-Q, and TSK-gel 3000SW column sequential chromatography. The lectin appeared homogeneous by native gel electrophoresis at pH 4.3 and gave two protein bands of Mr=31 and 28 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of the polypeptides of TRA have not been reported in amino acid sequences of the lectins. TRA lectin formed a precipitate with asialofetuin, neuraminidase-treated fetuin. A sugar inhibition assay indicated that N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, among the monosaccharides tested, was the most potent inhibitor of TRA-induced hemagglutination. Asialofetuin showed a 260-times stronger inhibitory activity than N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. TRA lectin also showed agglutination with normal leukocytes and lymphoma cells, but not with premature hemopoietic cells. These results suggest that TRA is a novel plant lectin.


The invention provides a large thickness structure to-be-welded workpiece and a welding method thereof. A leading-in end and a leading-out end of a to-be-welded workpiece are arranged to be in tenon-shaped structures. The welding method comprises arranging the leading-in end and the leading-out end of the to-be-welded workpiece to be in the tenon-shaped structures; acquiring a leading-in block which is matched with the tenon-shaped structure of the leading-in end of the tenon-shaped structures and manufacturing a leading-out block of the tenon-shaped structure which is matched with the leading-out end of the tenon-shaped structure; assembling the leading-in block of the tenon-shaped structure into the leading-in end of the to-be-welded workpiece and assembling the leading-out end of the tenon-shaped structure to the leading-out end of the to-be-welded part; welding the assembled to-be-welded workpiece under the vacuum environment and obtaining a workpiece with a welding joint. The large thickness structure to-be-welded workpiece and the welding method thereof have the advantages of being beneficial to achievement of welding stress and adjustment of deformation, improving the technical stability and enabling the welding effect and the welding joint quality to be good.


The primary purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship of Type D personality and perceived career readiness in a group of college students with and without disabilities. The findings of the study revealed no significant differences in levels of career readiness and Type D personality across disability groups. Results also revealed that Type D traits did have a significant relationship with career readiness variables, and that this relationship is particularly significant for college students with disabilities. Results also indicated that for individuals with disabilities, both Type D traits (negative affect and social inhibition) have an effect on different dimensions of career readiness. Implications of the results are discussed within the context of rehabilitation counselors and professionals. Future directions for research are also offered.


Based on analysis of information integration in telecom management(TM),concept of TM meta-model and data-model is proposed by introducing meta object facility(MOF).Metadata classes and meta-relationships in meta-model are defined by abstracting TM data.Core data classes in data model are defined from various dimensions to realize perfect information definition.Data model of actual system is established to validate the validity of the modeling.


This paper introduces an improved gradual imbedding generation algorithm for Delaunay triangulated network.The data points are inserted sequentially to construct Delaunay triangulated network without additional sorting operation.Based on the original insertion,the algorithm improves the efficiency of Local Optimization Procedure(LOP) algorithm by updating adjacent triangles,which uses Delaunay rules upon the triangles formed by changing diagonal lines.Experiment indicates that the algorithm can improve the efficiency of the former one and accelerate the generation of Delaunay triangulated network.


Access networks evolve towards longer reach, higher bit-rates and more subscribers per central office. This evolution could require flexible amplifiers such as Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers


Identifying atherosclerotic disease is the mainstay for the correct diagnosis of the large artery atherosclerosis ischemic stroke subtype and for choosing the right therapeutic strategy in acute ischemic stroke. Classification into symptomatic and asymptomatic plaque and estimation of the cardiovascular risk are essential to select patients eligible for pharmacological and/or surgical therapy in order to prevent future cerebral ischemic events. The difficulties in a "vulnerability" definition and the methodical issues concerning its detectability and quantification are still subjects of debate. Non-invasive imaging studies commonly used to detect arterial plaque are computed tomographic angiography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound. Characterization of a carotid plaque type using the abovementioned imaging modalities represents the basis for carotid atherosclerosis management. Classification into symptomatic and asymptomatic plaque and estimation of the cardiovascular risk are essential to select patients eligible for pharmacological and/or surgical therapy in order to prevent future cerebral ischemic events. In this setting, artificial intelligence (AI) can offer suggestive solutions for tissue characterization and classification concerning carotid artery plaque imaging by analyzing complex data and using automated algorithms to obtain a final output. The aim of this review is to provide overall knowledge about the role of AI models applied to non-invasive imaging studies for the detection of symptomatic and vulnerable carotid plaques.


The planar integration of free-space optical (PIFSO) systems on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates was demonstrated using an example of a fiber-to-free-space-to-fiber interconnector module. This plastic module was designed to accommodate standard mechanically-transferable- (MT-) connected fiber cables and contained a set of two nested refractive imaging lenses, one of which was used as an off-axis lens. In our experiment, an average coupling efficiency of -4.4 dB and a crosstalk suppression larger than 33 dB were measured. The performance, fabrication tolerances, and operation conditions of this interconnector module as well as the general benefits of plastic materials for the PIFSO systems were discussed.


ABSTRACT A method for predicting changes in soil porosity caused by different types of tillage is developed. Soil porosity change is incorporated into procedures for estimating soil water retention properties and Green and Ampt parameters based on soil texture, or soil separates, organic matter, and bulk density.


The association of human foodborne salmonellosis with poultry products enhanced the efforts to control Salmonella Enteritidis in poultry farms. Dietary organic acid supplementation is one of the measures currently used to reduce the presence of undesirable microorganisms. Another method to control enteric Salmonella in poultry is competitive exclusion using defined or undefined microorganisms products. Organic acids and microbiological methods to accelerate the development of the intestinal microbiota can be used individually or in combination. The present study evaluated the effect of dietary supplementation of an acidifier and of a defined multi-strain microbial mixture (Biomin ® PoultryStar) via drinking water in the control of the intestinal colonization of broilers by Salmonella Enteritidis. Four experiments were performed. The first experiment showed that the organic acids mixture was able to prevent Salmonella Enteritidis colonization of ceca in both inclusion rates applied (p<0.05). In the second and third experiments the probiotic either individually or in combination the acidifier, both in high and low doses reduced the incidence of Salmonella Enteritidis in the cecal contents (p<0.05). In these three experiments, birds were orally challenged. Similar results were obtained in a fourth trial, in which challenge was made by contact.


Based on the 14 free flap transfers we present with full survival, we recommend peroperative magnification angiography of both the recipient and donor sites. In our hands, this type of preoperative assessment seems to increase the margin of safety.


Tomato represents an important vegetable crop worldwide. During cropping cycle several diseases and abnormal conditions may affect tomato plants resulting on considerable losses of production. A precise identification of these pathologies in early phases is fundamental for the implementation of control strategies. Nevertheless, the right identification of symptoms of plants diseases require highly specialized knowledge and facilities, which are not available for small growers. Recently, computer vision tools have been proposed as an alternative for tomato diseases characterization. These works mainly focus on identification of affected regions and classification tasks. Nevertheless, non-specialists may lack of clarity about what they are looking for during the assessment. In these cases, Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) systems can be helpful as a complementary strategy to improve the quality of the search by allowing exploration of databases with supplementary information. This work presents a novel strategy for image retrieval of tomato leaves for greenhouse crops suitable to support disease diagnosis. The strategy is based on color structure descriptors and nearest neighbors. Experimental results show that the proposed approach can successfully characterize in several abnormal conditions, such as, chlorosis, sooty moulds and early blight.


Abstract The results show that the dynamic bulk modulus for NBR at room temperature is about 50% higher than the static bulk modulus in the frequency range of 1–200 Hz. The limiting factor was the servo-valve used which does not give enough dynamic pressure fluctuations above 200 Hz to obtain accurate results of the dynamic bulk modulus. The holographic method discussed here offers a number of advantages over other methods used in measuring dynamic bulk modulus. (i) The samples are of realistic size and any soft spots in the sample which would distort the results can be immediately identified. (ii) Dynamic bulk modulus can be measured accurately in the frequency range of 1 Hz–1000 Hz or higher, provided the hydraulic servo-valve used can respond in the frequency range. Work is already in hand which extends this frequency range to 1200 Hz. (iii) The change of volume of the sample is a direct measurement unlike other indirect methods, therefore, there is more confidence in the results.


The uterine stroma in the ovariectomised rat does not differ greatly from one site to another. Throughout the stroma, cells appear small and relatively uniformly spaced. It has been shown (Wischik & Rogers, 1983) that each cell makes contact with processes from several adjacent cells. The resulting network has a complex three dimensional shape, with an outer surface facing the muscularis and an inner one facing the luminal epithelium. The outer surface is invaginated at places by blood vessels, the inner one by the uterine glands. Cells at the various surfaces of the stromal net differ in size, shape and orientation from those within the net: cells facing luminal epithelium differ in shape from those facing glandular epithelium, and those adjacent to capillaries are different again. Within the stromal network, however, cell size and shape do not vary, but there is a slight, progressive increase in the distances between cell bodies on scanning from luminal surface towards muscularis. Little is known of the response of this stromal matrix of cells to a single injection of progesterone. Stromal cells carry receptors for progesterone which can be demonstrated autoradiographically in the ovariectomised rat (John & Rogers, 1972; Stumpf & Sar, 1973); in this, they differ from cells of the luminal and glandular epithelia. The rate of incorporation of [3H]uridine into RNA increases significantly 1 hour after progesterone administration in all three tissues, returning to control levels at 3 and 6 hours (Brown-Grant, John & Rogers, 1972). Protein synthesis, studied autoradiographically after the administration of pH]lysine, shows a biphasic response to progesterone, an initial reduction in the rate of incorporation being followed by significant increases (Brown-Grant et al. 1972). The time relations of this response are slower in the stroma than in the epithelial tissues. Ljungkvist (1971, 1973) has described the stroma by light and electron microscopy, noting morphological differences between cells underlying the luminal epithelium and those deeper in the stroma. Ljungkvist (1975) also notes significant nucleolar enlargement in stromal cells 24 hours after progesterone. In all this data, there is no clear evidence that cells within the stromal net (as opposed to those at its surfaces) respond in any but a uniform fashion to the administration of progesterone, except for one comment by Brown-Grant et al. (1972), who wrote "the subjective impression was gained that stromal cells near the luminal epithelium incorporated [H]lysine at a higher rate 3 and 7 hours after progesterone than did stromal cells nearer the muscle layer".


This study focused on the removal of Zinc from wastewater consisting of its solution using the aquatic plant Duckweed. Batch experiments were setup for studying the biosorption by Duckweed at different initial metal ion concentrations, pH and surrounding temperatures using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The results from different initial metal ion concentrations experiment concluded that up to 20 mg/g, best sorption of Zinc was seen. The initial pH plays a vital role in removal of Zinc from solution. As a pH of upto 6 in solution showed maximum sorption, higher pH deteriorated the growth of the plant. For different surrounding temperatures, 20-24°C promoted maximum growth. However, plant was also able to grow and adsorb at higher temperatures. At the end of experiment, when all the parameters were standardized, snails were introduced in a setup containing these parameters to check their effect on plant's efficiency. The removal of Zinc was enhanced. The results indicated that Duckweed plant is highly adaptive and continues to clean wastewater even in stress conditions.


Based on the academic relationships of Harold J.Laski and his Chinese followers in the National Government and academic circles,this paper discusses the influence on the politics in the Republican China period from Laski's political thought characterized with democratic socialism,which was reflected in the efforts at promoting the Third Road between the KMT and the CPC of some intellectuals,especially Zhang Junmai and Luo Longji,as well as the pursuit of "New Economics" by some officials with scholarship who argued for political and economic reforms to set up a new national institution with the double nature of political democracy and economic democracy under the government authority.


In the pre-networked world, Windows played the central role in coordinating the sharing of software. The rise of the network changes how software should be distributed and changes the role of Windows in software coordination. There is less of a need for mandatory incorporation of software into Windows, as decentralized distribution and coordination is now possible. In impermissibly maintaining its monopoly, Microsoft distorted the channels for software distribution and added software to Windows for the purpose of raising the cost of distribution of rival software. Aproportionate Microsoft remedy should address that distributional distortion and seek to prevent future distortions. The article suggests such a remedy.


Hybrid circuit breaker (HCB) has shown good performance for interrupting dc fault current. However, a massive number of IGBTs in series is needed. These will lead to high costs and significant difficulty in balancing IGBT dynamic voltage. This paper proposes a bidirectional hybrid circuit breaker based on a cascaded half-bridge submodule structure to reduce the overall costs and implementation difficulty of HCB. The number of IGBTs is reduced by 50%, and the operating speed is fast enough. A model of a four-terminal modular multilevel converter (MMC) system with a proposed hybrid circuit breaker in different stages is developed to describe the fault blocking process more clearly. The performance of the proposed HCB is validated and compared with other HCB structure through both theoretical derivation and time-domain simulation.


The purpose of this paper is to describe some aspects of community psychiatry in relation to a community psychiatric project in a geographically delimited area in Denmark. Leighton and Longaker (1957) described some aspects of the psychiatric clinic as a community innovation from the experience gained in the Bristol psychiatric clinic in Stirling County where approxi mately 2 per cent, of the 20,000 inhabitants were seen as patients in the clinic or in their homes during the first 5 years of the project. The experience gained in the Stirling County study has been further discussed in later publications (Leighton, 1959; Hughes, Tremblay, Rapaport, and Leighton, 1960). Carse, Panton, and Watt (1958) described community psychiatry in the Worthing area with a population of 160,000, where all patients with mental illness referred by general practitioners are seen by psy chiatrists before the decision about admission to a mental hospital is made. During the first 10 months of this service, 1,192 patients were referred and 1,000 domiciliary visits were paid to 432 of them. The admission rate fell by 40 per cent, during this period, because of the many instances in which the psy chiatrist concluded that admission to a mental hospital was not necessary. More than half the time of the consultants at the Mapperly hospital is spent in extramural activities in the Nottingham community psychiatric services (Macmillan, 1956, 1958a, b, 1963). Macmillan re gards domiciliary visits to psychiatric patients as extremely important and in many respects superior to the use of out-patient clinics. He mentions that a community mental health scheme makes it possible to see almost all patients referred to psychiatric institutions at home and to decide upon the appro priate in-patient unit before admission. He stresses the importance of liaison with the general prac titioners, saying that in the future we shall talk less about the number of beds in the hospital and more about the size of the community it serves. In planning for the future, according to Macmillan, a population of 250,000-300,000 would seem to be the maximum for a mental health service. Querido (1954) and Millar and Henderson (1956) described the com munity mental health service in Amsterdam where extensive use of domiciliary service is made. Sains bury and Grad (1962) and Grad and Sainsbury (1963) have made comparative studies of the burden on the family and the results of treatment in the hospital-centred conservative psychiatric treat ment service in Salisbury and the community psychiatric service in Chichester. Introduction of the community service in Chichester caused an average fall in admission of 43 per cent. (55 per cent, from within 10 miles of the hospital and 14 per cent, from more distant areas). The overall relief for the patients' families was greater in the hospital-centred service, but families whose burden was heavy were equally relieved in both. Although the admission rate was twice as high in the hospital-centred service, relief was not more closely related to admission in one service than in the other. Analysis of the clinical features of the patients and of the social character istics of their families indicated that relief to families in a community-care service can approach relief in a hospital-centred service. May, Sheldon, and Mac Keith (1962), in a report of the future of district psychi atry, describe the attempt of the Croydon psychiatric service to change hospital-oriented psychiatry to a comprehensive system of district psychiatry. They mention that general practitioners play a crucial part in the district psychiatric service and stress that home visits with support and advice to family, relatives, and others in the immediate environment are of great importance in treatment. May and Moore (1963) describe the value of the mental nurse in community psychiatry, especially in the treatment of geriatric patients. Domiciliary visits are used in a psychiatric clinic established by the Oslo Helserad 85


Corrosion of metals is a serious environmental problem and has been given much attention in the oil and gas industries. In several industrial processes (acid cleaning and etching, removal of rust and scale), metal surfaces are often made to come in contact with acids. In the present study, an attempt was made to examine Poupartia birrea (P. birres) bark extract as a potential green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in a 0.5 M H2SO4 medium, using the weight loss determination method. The results of our work indicate that the highest inhibition efficiency exhibited by Poupartia birrea is 70%. The inhibiting effect of the studied extract could be attributed to the presence of phytochemical constituents present in the extract that are adsorbed on the surface of the mild steel. Hence, the plant extract can be considered as being eco-friendly and an effective green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel exposed to an acid medium.


Part one of this article dealt with coking in a steam cracking furnace. In this process, coke deposition is a very complex phenomenon due to the number of parameters involved. Nevertheless, for this process, coke deposition is a secondary reaction which does not affect steam cracking yields. It is completely different for methane thermal cracking. Coke is one of the main products of this reaction. Part two of this article deals with coke deposition on the walls of the reactors used for methane thermal cracking. After a brief description of the different set-ups used to study coke deposition, the main parameters involved are listed. The importance of temperature, conversion, type of diluent, and hydrocarbon partial pressure will be enhanced. To conclude, two approaches to the mechanism are proposed to explain coke formation during methane thermal cracking.


Design the questionnaire of 'Job Satisfaction of Teachers in Private Universities', choose the teachers in three private universities of one province in south central China as the respondents and use the statistical software SPSS17.0 to do statistics and analysis. The results show that the overall degree of job satisfaction of teachers in private universities is lower, at the same time, teachers'degree of satisfaction for management system, job itself, scientific research condition, teachers' professional development, salary and welfare etc. is not high. The strategies of promoting job satisfaction of teachers in private universitiesinclude improving teachers' salary and welfare, improving teachers' academic research condition, increasing opportunity for teachers' participation in management, innovating the system of promotion and further education for teachers and improving the matching degree of people - position and people - organization.


Companies in achieving organizational goals requires human resources with high performance. Sophistication teknoloogi owned by the company does not mean anything if they are not supported by adequate human resources. This study aimed to determine the effect of labor discipline on the performance of employees at PT WOM Finance Kebumen.
The method used is descriptive quantitative method. The analytical method used is the Spearman rank correlation and coefficient of determination. The results showed that employee discipline and performance of employees at PT WOM Finance Kebumen are in either category in number 80,63% and 80%. The relationship between the variables of labor discipline with the performance of employees amounted to 0,833 at the 5% significance level that the degree is very strong relationship in a positive direction. The coefficient of determination showed 0.682 which means that the variable is explained by the variable performance of employees working discipline by 68.2% and the remaining 21.8% is explained by other factors beyond the study.


The mixing-plane method for calculating the three-dimensional flow through multistage turbomachinery is used to perform flutter analysis on a single stage transonic compressor. The turbomachine considered is composed of an inlet guide vane (IGV) and a compressor blade (NASA Rotor 67). The mixing-plane boundary condition enables steady and unsteady computation of the flow through multiple blade rows. This allows incorporation of multi-stage effects without having to perform computationally intensive fully unsteady multi-stage flow computations. Forced motion flutter computations are performed for both the isolated compressor and with the IGV. Comparison between the damping ratio shows a decrease in stability when the IGV is included in the computation.


Corporate social responsibility (CSR ), the well known idea in the developed countries, is becoming more and more important also in the Polish reality. The article contains a characteristic of corporate social responsibility and the role of the stakeholders. Nowadays, the necessity to create and maintain positive relationship with business environment is extremely important, which can be proved by many boycotts of companies that violate the rights of their employees, human rights or animal rights. The development of the consumer movements is so dynamic that in the Western countries there are more and more entrepreneurs who attempt to inform their consumers about their social engagement. How is this problem outlined in the Polish reality? The last part of the article presents the results of a research conducted at The Faculty of Economic Sciences and Management of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, which shows that communication of their social engagement by means of the Internet is not the strongest side of Polish companies. However, it seems that this form of communication has already began to develop in Poland.


Retrieved cloud optical and microphysical global statistics from the MODIS Collection 5 processing stream will be discussed. Evaluation includes algorithm sensitivities, aggregation sensitivities, and retrievals run on cloud resolving models of marine boundary layer clouds.


The purpose of this study is to review the Home and Community Based Care Program in the United States and to examine the ways these programs help the rural elderly to maintain independent living in their own home in the community instead of moving into the nursing home. First, the overall welfare policy for the aged and service delivery systems in the United States are reviewed. Second, basic assumptions and programs of HCBC are reviewed. Third, using the informations about the elder support program in Madison, Dane County of Wisconsin as a case, various kinds and contents of specific programs are introduced. Applicability of these programs to rural Korea is discussed.


In the sphere of journalism, child right issues are perennial issues that have raised mixed feelings and reactions
among media experts and scholars. The thrust of this paper examined the use of development journalism to promote
media advocacy for child right issues in Nigeria. Against the backdrop of development media theory and the agenda
setting theory, which moves that child right issues are developmental issues that demand adequate attention from the
media, it become expedient that media reports on child right issues should be treated as issues of national interest in
newspapers, magazines, radio station and television station. It was recommended that child right issues such as early
child marriages, child labour and child trafficking should be reported and analyzed in the Nigerian mass media;
individuals that perpetuate such crimes should be punished and deterred from further acts.
Keywords: Media advocacy, development, journalism, child right and Nigeria


As retail market becomes extensively competitive, the ability to optimize on serving business processes while satisfying customer expectations has never been more important. Therefore, managing and channelizing data to work towards customer delight as well as generate healthy profits is crucial to survive prosperously. In the case of big retail players internationally as well as in India, data or rather big data analytics is now being applied at every stage of the retail process - tracking emerging popular products, forecasting sales and future demand through predictive simulation, optimising product placements and offers via customer heat-mapping and many more. Alongside this, identifying the customers likely to be interested in particular product types based on their previous purchase behaviours, working out the best way to approach them through targeted marketing efforts and finally working out what to sell them next is what forms the core of data analytics. This article is the outcome of a descriptive research on the past, present and future of retail industry and the application of business analytics in shaping appropriate marketing strategies.
Keywords: Retail Industry, Big Data, Business Analytics, Retail Analytics, Marketing Strategy


Since the introduction of iodized poppyseed oil for myelography by Sicard in 19221athe increasing use of iodized oils intrathecally has occasioned much discussion as to the possibility of harmful effects on the meninges and the adjacent nerve tissue. It has been demonstrated that immediately after injection there is an acute cellular reaction, chiefly lymphocytic, usually associated with mild symptoms, such as slight rise in temperature, headache, pain and stiffness in the back and aggravation of root pains, reaching a peak within twelve to twenty-four hours and subsiding within four to seven days.1There is evidence that these acute meningeal reactions are due to iodic fatty acids and hydrogen iodide resulting from splitting of the iodized oil, either before or after injection, and that certain oils are more toxic than others.2Serious meningeal reactions have been reported in only2cases.3There have been occasional reports of


After Soviet Union's fall China and United States lost a dangerous foe in East Asia, and it changed enormously the balance of power in this region, transforming the multipolar distribution of power existing previously into a bipolar. In other words, since 1991 China and United states are the only great powers in East Asia. To improve its relative position in the balance of power, the Chinese government has invested substantially on modernizing its armed forces. The issue of this paper is the influence of the Chinese military modernization on regional balance of power, focusing especially in military inventories e its means of use (asymmetrical tactics of anti-access and area denial), mostly on maritime domain. It drives us to the central question of that research: what is the influence of Chinese military modernization on the distribution of power in East Asia. The method utilized is the case study - structured and focused comparison. The comparative has a synchronic approach, in other words are considered the values of variables in only one moment. One concludes that China's military modernization has changed substantially the balance of power in East Asia, favoring the Chinese position.


This paper deals with the problem of damping driveline oscillations, which is crucial to improving driveability and passenger comfort. This problem has received an increased interest due to the introduction of the dual-clutch powershift automatic transmission with dry clutches. This type of transmission improves fuel economy, but it results in a challenging control problem, due to driveline oscillations. These oscillations occur during gear-shift, while traversing backlash or when tip-in and tip-out maneuvers are performed. This paper presents the derivation of an accurate piecewise nonlinear drivetrain model with three inertias. Then, a horizon-1 predictive controller based on flexible Lyapunov functions is designed for the piecewise nonlinear drivetrain model. Several simulations show that the proposed control scheme can handle both the performance and physical constraints and the strict limitations on the computational complexity, while obtaining better performances compared to using PWA models of the vehicle drivetrain.


[Objective] To observe the effects of immunosuppressive agent Sandimmun Neraol on rats and patients taking drug orally, and to study the relation ship between CsA and splenic atrophy. [Methods] Fourty SD rats were divided into three groups, group A [taking CsA 10mg/(kg·d)], group B [taking CsA 15 mg/(kg·d)], and group C for normal contrasting. At the end of two and three months, cutting the rat spleen to measure its wet weight, giving a statistical analysis by T testing, making pathological section and observing the pathologica changes in spleen organ. Measuring the splenic index (length depth) of patients after transplantation for three or four years and of uremia patients not taking any immunosuppressive agent as contrast, all these patients were divided into A′, B′, C′, D′ groups, also had a statistical analysis by T testing. [Results] The rat splenic weight of the group A and the group B taking CsA for two months showed no significant difference, and the pathological change was seen that not only all the rats spleen in group A and group B had a atrophy, but also splenic corpuscle atrophy existed, lymph node cell decreased obviously. It indicated that the longer time of having immunosuppressive agent and taking more dosage of the drug may induce the severity atropy in rat spleen. The splenic index of the group A′ (transplantation patients for three years) showed no significant difference, but group B′, C′ were different. [Conclusion] The immunosuppressive agent Sandimmun Neraol taking orally plays an important role in the rat and human spleen′atropy, decreasing its nomal function, the phenomena of spleen atropy is not clearly at the beginning of trial, but the action of immunosuppressive agent CsA leading to spleen atropy had happened in the early experiment with two factors, the drug dosage and the time of taking CsA, can be seen in rats early period pathological section.


Introduction Pure aluminum is too soft for most structural applications and therefore is usually alloyed with several elements to improve its corrosion resistance, inhibit grain growth and of course to increase the strength. The optimum strengthening of aluminum is achieved by alloying and heat treatments that promote the formation of small, hard precipitates which interfere with the motion of dislocations. Aluminum alloys that can be heat treated to form these precipitates are considered heat treatable alloys. Pure aluminum is not heat treatable because no such particles can form while many heat treatable aluminum alloys are not weldable because welding would destroy the microstructure produced by careful heat treatment.


Adequate nutrients are pivotal to growth and development and vital for our immune system to function at its best. Especially during pregnancy and lactation, energy needs increase along with the greater requirement for macronutrients and micronutrients to support fetal growth and reduce birth defects in newborns. The cornerstone of a child's survival, growth, and development is good nutrition. Children that are properly nourished perform better academically, socially, and physically in their communities. In the midst of disease and catastrophe, they are considerably stronger. Aims: The objective of this research was to determine the nutritional health of pregnant and lactating women, as well as the risk factors that may be associated with it. Methodology: The study area was Shuklaphanta municipality of Kanchanpur district of far west Nepal. Fully structured questionnaire was used in this study. This is a cross-sectional study having the sample of 227 respondents. Fully structured questionnaire was used in the study. Findings: As a key finding regarding the BMI almost 47.1% were under nourished which is huge amount. Similarly, regarding the MUAC 29.1% were under nourished and almost 27.8% of the respondents were at the risk. These factors might be matter of concern for the municipality. Almost 70.1% of the respondents were having very good level of knowledge and the significant association was seen among the smoking, fluid intake, health facilities visit, food consumption patterns. Conclusion: the nutritional status of pregnant women and lactating mothers in the Shuklaphanta municipality is matter of concern.


Choosing space and time windows is often a puzzling task in the simultaneous comparison of satellite and in situ observations. Numerical simulations were carried out to examine the impacts of instrument noises, geophysical variabilities and the number of data pairs on the determination of an optimal size of space and time windows in the calibration/validation of altimeter-derived wind speeds against buoy measurements. Useful results not only provide technical guidelines for future altimeter/buoy wind-speed comparisons, but also help to explain some past confusions.


This is the code and configuration for our paper, OpenSAFELY: factors associated with COVID-19-related hospital death in the linked electronic health records of 17 million adult NHS patients


This paper studies the ability of cash, bonds, stocks and direct real estate to hedge inflation and optimal inflation-protecting asset allocations within a downside risk framework. Using a VAR model to capture predictable price dynamics, we find that the inflation-hedging properties of assets substantially change over the investment horizon. Cash is clearly the best hedge against inflation in the short run. However, as the investment horizon increases, bonds, stocks, and real estate become the more attractive options, with real estate exhibiting the best inflation protection qualities on a medium and long-term basis. While cash plays the most important role in short-term portfolios, the weights of the inflation-protecting portfolios shift to real estate, stocks and bonds as the investment horizon increases.


This paper discussed the approach to effective teaching of biopharmaceutical technology by the investigation.The author discussed this question by investigating on teaching ideas,teaching method innovations,and experimental teaching innovations and instructional evaluations.


The far-field back-scattering amplitude of an electric field from a relativistically-moving sphere is analyzed. Contrary to prior research, we do so by expressing the fields in the helicity basis, and we highlight here its advantages when compared to the commonly-considered parity basis. With the purpose of exploring specific scattering phenomena considering relativistic effects, we identify conditions that minimize the back-scattered field, leading to a relativistic formulation of the first Kerker condition. The requirements to be satisfied by the sphere are expressed in terms of Mie angles, which constitute an effective parametrization of any possible optical response a sphere might have. We are able to identify multiple combinations of Mie angles up to octupolar order via gradient-based optimization that satisfy our newly formulated relativistic Kerker condition, yielding minima for the back-scattered energy as low as 0.016% of the average scattered energy. Our results can be extended to involve multiple particles forming a metasurface, potentially having direct implications on the design of light sails as considered by the Breakthrough Starshot Initiative.


Objective: To evaluate the curative effect analysis of senile femoral neck fracture treated by the total hip arthroplasty and fracture fixation. Method: Retrospective analysis the clinical data of 170 elderly patients received femoral neck fracture surgery from January 2010 to December 2012, total hip replacement 38 cases(observation group A), artificial femoral head replacement 49 cases(observation group B), fracture internal fixation 53 cases(control group). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization expenses and postoperative bed time of the three groups were compared, follow-up and use the Harris hip function score evaluated the curative effect. Result: The postoperative bed time of two observation group were shorter than that of the control group, and the differences were all statistically significant(P0.05).The Harris score of two observation group were obviously higher than that of control group, and the difference were allstatistically significant(P0.05). Harris score good rate of the two observation group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and the differences were all statistically significant(P0.05).But the operation time, intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization costs of the control group were significantly lower than those of the two observation group, and the differences were all statistically significant(P0.05). Conclusion: The hip arthroplasty and fracture fixation are effective surgical procedure for treatment of senile femoral neck fracture, which should make individualized treatment plan according to patients condition and the types of fracture.


Multiple-input, multiple-output mathematical models combined. Report presents mathematical background for combination of linear multiple-input, multiple-output equations of subsystems into overall matrix equations for whole system. Development of such system mathematical models essential for design of complicated control systems.


This paper presents the effect of load sequence on fatigue damage of FRP reinforced by plain woven glass fabric. Two stage pulse loading was applied to the specimen. The specimen was subjected to the first pulse load up to 1000 cycles, and then the second pulse load having a different wave profile from the previous pulse was applied to the specimen until it failed.The following conclusions were obtained from this study.(1) The fatigue life under the two stage loading can be roughly estimated by the Miner's rule although the experimental fatigue life is about 30% shorter than the predicted one.(2) The inherent characteristics in stiffness reduction under the second pulse loading cannot be identified due to the large stiffness reduction caused by the first pulse, while the specimen shows the inherent stiffness reduction given only by the second pulse even at the second stage in the case that the pulse load at the first stage does not cause the large stiffness reduction. The similar result is obtainable on the AE records.(3) It is found that the stiffness reduction is not the appropriate parameter for the degree of fatigue damage. Namely, it is hard to predict the fatigue life from the observation of the stiffness under pulse loadings.


Sir, Dr Crowell and colleagues report a case of HLAB27-associated uveitis occurring with an enhancing brainstem lesion. A diagnosis of CLIPPERS was made following application of suggested diagnostic criteria to the case. Brain MRI demonstrated postgadolinium enhancement within the right dorsal midbrain, leptomeningeal enhancement, and T2 abnormality within the midbrain, pons, and cerebellum. The enhancement resolved following administration of prednisone. No pathological examination was possible. This case does not appear to satisfy the diagnostic criteria for probable CLIPPERS due to the following concerns: (1) absence of punctate postgadolinium enhancement; (2) the gadolinium-enhancing lesion is greater than 3 mm in diameter; and (3) the T2-signal abnormality substantially exceeds the area of post-gadolinium enhancement. For these reasons, the patient does not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for probable CLIPPERS. Please see Figure 1 for comparison of a typical CLIPPERS case compared to this case.


Many governments intervene directly in agricultural product, in particular food, markets. A quantitative assessment of the impact of the policy changes on the desired objectives is important as it helps inform and shape the policy debate on the reform alternatives and increases transparency of government policy. This paper reviews the literature on multi-market models which offer more accurate ex ante impact analysis than single-market models by including potentially important indirect effects. While fairly complex and requiring large amounts of data multi-market models are however much simpler than computable general equilibrium models. They are typically applied at the sector level and have proven quite popular in particular in agricultural policy reform impact analysis. While more recent work has emphasized the poverty reduction and income distribution objective the models can generate a range of information relevant to policy makers.


Twelve Accessions of Sesame Collected from different five states in Northern Nigeria (Kaduna, Niger, Nassarawa, Benue, Kogi) were evaluated for their seed-oil and yield components during the Cropping Season of 2012 using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three Replications. The Objectives of the Experiment were to investigate the Characteristics and performance of all the accessions entries On Seed-Oil and Yield Parameters. Data collected included Number of Flowers/Plant, Number of Capsules/Plant, Length of Capsules /Plant, Weight of Capsules/Plant, Number of Seed/Capsule and Percentage Oil. While the Accessions NG03, NG-04, NA-01 and BE-02 had the least means with the Number of Flowers/Plant and Number of Capsules /Plant, The highest seed-oil Content were recorded for NG01 (57%), NG02 (57.5%), KG02 (57%), KD (56.5%) and BE01 (56%). This is an indication that these Accessions have good potential for high seed yield and Oil content. The identified accessions would be passed onto breeders for utilization in the Sesame improvement programmes in Nigeria.


The Kevlar-49 fabric was modified with NH3 plasma under the conditions of 74.9Pa/113W/14.3min.The results show that the interfacial shear strength of the Kevlar-49/3234 epoxy composites is improved by 26.6% than that of untreated,and the T-peel strength by 22.9%.The mean surface roughness is significantly enlarged and the contact angle with water is lowered.SEM micrographs of T-peel fracture surface of Kevlar-49 S500/3234 epoxy composite made from NH3 plasma treated fibers showed that the fracture mode was fiber skinned.


Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in enteric Gram-negative bacilli may be difficult to detect using standard methods of either Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion (KBDD) or broth dilution for minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). This difficulty is due to genetic differences in resistance determinants, differences in levels of gene expression, and variation in spectra of enzymatic activity against the substrate β-lactams used for susceptibility testing. We have examined 95 clinical isolates reportedly susceptible to ceftazidime and ceftriaxone, as originally determined by either KBDD or MIC methods. The organisms studied here were isolated in 2002 from two pediatric hospital centers (Seattle, USA and Shanghai, China). They belong to the inducible β-lactamase producing A Kirby-Bauer disc approximation (KBDA) method identified inducible phenotypes of third-generation cephalosporin resistance in 76% of isolates, which would otherwise be considered susceptible by standard KBDD methods.


A GC-MS method for the residue dynamics in soybean soil of Chlorimuron-ethyl had been established.Samples were extracted by 0.2 mol·L-1 NaHCO3:methanol(v:v=1∶1),cleaned by dichloromethane,then adjusted the pH of the solution and extracted by dichloromethane,finally after concentrated,the samples were detected by GC-MS.The recovery,precisions and accuracies were all meet the requirements of determination.


Dear Editor, Ectopic lacrimal gland tissue is reported to be located at epibulbar conjunctiva, other locations including orbital, eyelid, intraocular, lacrimal sac, and nasal mucosa sites [1]. Although ectopic lacrimal glands in the ciliary body are quite rare, there have been more than 10 cases reported worldwide [2,3]. Although accompanying proptosis at the time of diagnosis has been frequently reported, studies on long-term follow-up outcomes and complications are limited. Herein, we report a single case of ectopic lacrimal gland on ciliary body, resulting in secondary glaucoma during 20 years of follow-up. Informed consent for publication of the research details and clinical images was obtained informed consent from the patient. A previously healthy 10-month-old female patient presented with right upper eyelid swelling and redness. And she was admitted to an emergency room in 2003. B-scan ultrasonography and orbit computed tomography demonstrated right orbital cellulitis and a round-shaped, 0.8-cm ciliary body mass. Fine needle aspiration and incisional biopsy were done, which revealed ectopic lacrimal gland tumor in histology. The size of residual mass gradually increased and there was no sign of malignant transformation during 17 years of follow-up period. The patient was transferred to the glaucoma clinic due to intermittent high intraocular pressure and corresponding ocular pain of the right eye once or twice a month in 2020. Thus, she started dorzolamide 2%/timolol maleate 0.5% fixed combination (Cosopt, Merck & Co Inc). No other abnormal findings were observed on slit-lamp examination. On January 10, 2021, she was admitted to an emergency room due to ocular pain and decreased vision in the right eye that started a day ago. Best-corrected visual acuity was 2 / 20 and intraocular pressure (IOP) measured by Goldman applanation tonometer was 44 mmHg. Slit-lamp examination showed corneal edema and moderate anterior chamber inflammation (cell grade from +2 to +3). Anterior chamber was deep enough and there was no peripheral angle closure. Pupil was fixed and fundus was normal in the right eye. The left eye was normal. Under the impression of secondary glaucoma associated with uveitis, she was treated with additional oral acetazolamide, topical prednisolone acetate 1% (Prednilone, Daewoo Pharm), brimonidine 0.15% (Alphagan–P, Allergan Inc) and intravenous mannitol injection. IOP was in the normal range after 3 days. Although she used Cosopt and Alphagan prophylactically, there were two more additional acute glaucoma attacks in 2021. Slit-lamp examination revealed new cystic lesion in superotemporal iris in March 2, 2022 (Fig. 1A). On July 6, 2022, the cystic lesion became larger than 4 months before (Fig. 1B), but there was no other abnormal sign such as increased IOP or anterior chamber inflammation. On July 29, 2022, she was admitted to emergency room with a third attack, presented with decreased visual acuity and 33 mmHg of IOP in the right eye. The size of ciliary body mass was slightly decreased but there was flare reacReceived: March 17, 2023 Final revision: April 21, 2023 Accepted: May 30, 2023


Authors' A Oncology Cancer Ins Harvard M Women's H Hospital, Harvard an Massachus Note: Sup Research O J. Jané-Va Current ad Hospital o meisterstr. Departmen Street, New Program in chusetts G MA 02114. ogy, Harva Avenue Lo Correspon 44 Binney 582-7880;


Theuseoforalprednisolone (2mg/kg) to treatchildren admitted tohospital with acuteasthmawas assessed ina placebo controlled study. Children werefurther randomised toreceive either 0-15mg/kg salbutamol every30 minutesforthe first threehoursofadmission, or5mg salbutamol everyonetofourhoursas needed. Treatment wasdoubleblindand theassessor wasunawareofthenebuliser regimengiven. Children wereexamined beforeandafter treatment withsalbutamolonarrival andreassessed fourhours afteradmission. Seventy children completed thestudy. Seventeen (46%)of37 children receiving prednisolone andsix (9%)of33receiving placebo werefitfor discharge after fourhoursoftreatment. There was no significant difference betweenthetwo nebuliser regimens. Clinical parameters indicative ofasthma severity wereimprovedinallgroups. Betweengroupcomparisons atreassessmentshowedhigher peakflowsinthose receiving prednisolone and nebulisers every30minutes butdifferences werenot significant forotherparameters. Objective parameters indicating steroid efficacy over placebowere minimal.Despite this, thosereceiving prednisolone were morereadily identifiable asbeingfitfor discharge within fourhoursoftreatment. (Arch DisChild 1994; 70:170-173)


gate (108). The problem, however, is that A Mission Divided is not just about internal relations; it is just as much about what external things the missionaries chose to include or exclude from the emerging indigenous churches. Anthropologists of Christianity such as Webb Keane have pointed out that modern Protestant missionaries, steeped in discussions of religion, designated harmless practices or beliefs as mere 'culture' and anything unacceptable to Christianity as a 'false religion' (or some comparable derogatory religious term: 'occult', 'heathen', etc.). By including 'religion'wemight thenbeable tounderstand, for example, why (Indo-Fijian) 'Hinduism' but not (Fijian) 'heathenism' was included in a Methodist mission course on 'comparative religion' (119, 140); or what exactly, for themissionaries, distinguished 'good customs' (63) from 'occultism' (72, 81, 91–3). Leaving 'religion' out of the picture forecloses the possibility of understanding the missionaries on their own terms – they took religion seriously, even if many historians today do not – and how the term 'culture' functioned in concert with 'religion'. None of this however should take anything away from the significant step forward this book makes in our understanding of Fijian Methodist history. Close-Barry has gone to impressive lengths to research this original transnational topic in many Fijian and Australian archives, and to conduct her own interviews. A Mission Divided will provide an excellent basis for the 'finer, more comprehensive' (200) histories of Fijian Methodism she calls for in her conclusion. The straightforward style of the text, clear organisation, and availability of a free electronic version from the publisher's website will furthermore ensure, one hopes, that this important critical history of Methodist missionaries reaches a wide readership within Fiji, where many myths about the Methodist missionaries abound.


Abstract The selection of soil parameters suitable to the geotechnical design calculations is regarded widely as one of the most important and simultaneously difficult engineering task, which according to the Eurocode 7 standards should be undertaken into distinct three steps. The second of these steps, namely obtaining the characteristic values requires a careful and a cautions estimation with application of the statistical methods even by using a Bayesian approach as shown in this paper. This paper presents the process of selecting a characteristic strength and deformation parameters from CPT and DMT investigation for boulder clays discovered at the margin of a moraine plateau in Warsaw. This layer was chosen for foundations of design academic buildings. In the selection of the characteristic parameters with application of the numerical program BAYANAL the spatial distribution of strength and deformation properties was taken into account. Particular attention was focused to the affect resulting from in situ test locations at different distances from the design facilities. Finally, the remark conclusions were presented including opinion on the role of aims and spacing of investigation points in geotechnical designing.


This study was carried out to determine the digestible phosphorus requirement for growing swine. Seventy crossbred swine (35 castrated males and 35 females), with initial weight of 29.72±1.52 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments, seven replicates and two animals (one male and one female) per experimental unit. The experiment lasted 21 days. The treatments were composed of diets formulated with corn and soybean meal, supplemented with dicalcium phosphate, corresponding to five levels of digestible phosphorus (0.19; 0.25; 0.30; 0.35 and 0.40%). For each phosphorus level, limestone was added to maintain the calcium:phosphorus ratio constant. The increase in digestible phosphorus influenced feed intake and weigh gain quadratically, and the maximum values for those parameters were obtained with the levels of 0.32 and 0.31% digestible phosphorus, respectively. There was no effect of digestible phosphorus levels on the feed:gain ratio. The ashes and calcium contents analyzed in the metatarsi were not influenced by digestible phosphorus levels, while the phosphorus content in bone showed linear response. The requirement of digestible phosphorus for pigs fed diets based on corn and soybean meal is 0.31%, corresponding to a daily intake of 5.87 g digestible phosphorus.


This paper describes a kind of design method of a learning remote-controller.The infrared remote controller is implemented by pulse width measuring,identify the remote signal through fuzzy algorithm,realizes self-learning function,at last,presents how to compress the data,which increases the memory usage efficiency.The equipment can instead of several remote controllers and control many different electro-appliances.


Abstract. We analyze the channel properties of a nonline-of-sight (NLOS) ceiling-to-device and device-to-device visible light communication systems by considering various receivers' orientation and variable fields of view (FOVs). Analyses based on the recursive indoor channel model show that for a particular transmitter configuration, the pure NLOS path can offer higher 3-dB channel bandwidth (up to 14 MHz) compared with the link with LOS and NLOS components. We also show how the receiver rotation (orientation) influences the probability of receiving signals via the NLOS path compared with the LOS and NLOS paths. Moreover, based on the experimental campaign, we demonstrate that shadowing observed at the receiver due to people's movement results in decreased received power level (up to 1.8 dB), thus resulting in reshaping of the probability density function of received power.


Direct democracy continues to grow in importance throughout the United States. Citizens are increasingly using initiatives and referendums to take the law into their own hands, overriding their elected officials to set tax, expenditure, and social policies. John G. Matsusaka's "For the Many or the Few" studies a century of budget data from states and cities to provide the first comprehensive, empirical picture of how direct democracy is changing government policies.Matsusaka argues against the popular belief that initiatives empower wealthy special interest groups that neglect the majority view. Examining demographic, political, and opinion data, he demonstrates how initiatives led to significant tax and expenditure cuts over the last thirty years and that these cuts were supported by a majority of citizens. He concludes that, by and large, direct democracy in the United States has worked for the benefit of the many rather than the few.


Abstract. The aim of this study is to examine the validity of Supportive Expressive Group Therapy modules to reduce depression in infertility women. Participants in this research consist of 12 person. The results of validity content through professional judgment, obtained that the coefficient of validity Aiken's V moves from 0.58 to 0.92 with reliability coefficient of 0.972. This indicates that the module has good content validity. While empirical validity testing is done by quasi experiment method. Analysis method used nonparametric Mann Whitney U-test. The result of the analysis shows that the value of Z is -2.756 with probability equal to 0.006 (p <0,05). This suggests that there is a significant difference between the level of depression in the control group and the experimental group after receiving supportive expressive therapy.Keyword: depression; infertility; module of supportive expressive group therapy


Whiplash injuries resulting from foremost low velocity rear-end car impacts have become a major health problem and require expensive and time-consuming rehabilitation. Women are at greater risk of getting whiplash injuries compared to men and more prone to long-term injury. There is no direct answer to why this gender difference exists but variation in head and neck geometry and neck strength may be a possible explanation. The aim of this Master ́s Thesis was to evaluate the influence of neck muscles in rear impacts. This has been carried out in several parts. Neck strength measurements and EMG activity in the right sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) were studied in a group of twelve volunteers (6F, 6M). The results were used to design a muscle substitute for the BioRID dummy. A series of rear impact sled tests with and without muscle substitute and with various seat designs was performed according to EuroNCAP whiplash test protocol. Retraction resistance for men and women were 167±38N and 86±28N respectively. Mean onset time in the right SCM was 75±11ms. In seats without WHIPS the injury risk was reduced by 44% with muscle substitute compared to reference. Female occupants seem likely to have an earlier time of contact with the head rest, higher head acceleration and a higher risk of injury. As this is confirmed by previous findings, the role of muscles may be one of the most important in understanding the difference in risk in gender. Furthermore, according to the results of this thesis females may not be at higher risk in cars equipped with WHIPS.


Purpose – The paper aims to propose a systematic approach for human factors (HFs) automatic evaluation for entire maintenance processes in virtual environment. Design/methodology/approach – First, a maintenance process information model is constructed to map real maintenance processes into computer environment. Next, based on this information model, the automatic evaluation methods for visibility, operation comfort and reachability are presented. All evaluation results are weighted and added up to establish a comprehensive HFs evaluation model. Then, the methods mentioned above are realized as an HFs evaluation module, which is integrated into virtual maintenance simulation platform, software developed by our lab. Findings – An application in HFs evaluation of repairing hydraulic motor on container spreader is implemented, and an on-site survey is carried out. The comparison between the result from the survey and the result we get using the presented methods shows that our solution can support HFs fast as...


A As part of a national study of research, development, dissemination, and utilization activities in schools, colleges, and departments of education (SCDEs), six sub-studies were conducted of R&D productivity in which the evidence of productivity was available through sources independent of the SCDE itself, i.e.: (1) Education journals (2) /resources in Education (RIE) entries in Educational resources in Education (ERIC) (3) Education books (4) Education convention programs (5) Foundation grants to SCDEs for R&D or dissemination and utilization (D&U) activities (6) Federal and other public agency grants to SCDEs for R&D and D&U activities


Objective To ascertain the distribution of natural foci of Angiostrongylus cantonensis and the prevalence of the parasite in hosts in Dali Prefecture in order to provide scientific evidence for the control of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis.Methods Xihu District was studied as the main source of commercial Ampullaria gigas.Infection of intermediate hosts,paratenic hosts,and reservoir hosts was studied.Results There were 3 kinds of intermediate host snails in the study site,namely A.gigas,Cipangopaludina chinensis,and Bellamya aeruginosa.None of the collected samples was infected with A.cantonensis.Reservoir hosts(rats) and paratenic hosts(fish,shrimp,and toads) were captured.None were infected with A.cantonensis.Conclusion Dali Prefecture has the basic conditions for an outbreak of angiostrongyliasis cantonensis and can be considered a potential focus of the disease,so health education and surveillance should be enhanced in this area.


Human activities create waste, and the way these wastes are handled, stored, collected and disposed of, which can pose risks to the environment and to public health. Where intense human activities concentrate, such as in urban centers, appropriate and safe solid waste management (SWM) are of utmost importance to allow healthy living conditions for the population. Rapid increase in volume and types of solid and hazardous waste as a result of continuous economic growth, urbanization and industrialization, is becoming a burgeoning problem for national and local governments to ensure effective and sustainable management of waste. The environmental degradation caused by inadequate disposal of waste can be expressed by the contamination of surface and ground water through leach ate, soil contamination through direct waste contact or leach ate, air pollution by burning of wastes, spreading of diseases by different vectors like birds, insects and rodents, or uncontrolled release of methane by anaerobic decomposition of waste. This fact has been acknowledged by most governments, however many municipalities are struggling to provide even the most basic services. Typically one to two thirds of the solid waste generated is not collected (World Resources Institute, et al., 1996). Solid Waste (SW) generation in Chennai, the fourth largest metropolitan city in India, has increased from 600 to 3500 tons per day (tpd) within 20 years. The highest per capita solid waste generation rate in India is in Chennai (0.6 kg/d). Chennai is divided into 10 zones of 155 wards and collection of garbage is carried out using door-to-door collection and street bin systems. The collected wastes are disposed at open dump sites located at a distance of 15 km from the city. The community-based solid waste decomposition is an ideal and a safe disposal method, is more beneficial for solid waste management, as it easily converts waste to valuable fertilizer


When oxalated or resin-decalcified human plasma was adsorbed with barium sulfate, equilibrated with 0.0175M phosphate buffer (pH 6.3), and chromatographed through diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose, most of the plasma's fibrinogen emerged from the column and factor XII was detected. No factor VIII was found. A second buffer phase, in which 0.04M phosphate buffer (pH 5.9) was used, removed more protein but not fibrinogen or factor VIII. A third phase, 0.10M phosphate buffer (pH 5.6), produced additional fibrinogen and, unlike the first fibrinogen fraction, factor XIII; but again, no factor VIII. A fourth and final phase, 0.40 to 0.50M phosphate buffer (pH 5.3), removed factors VIII and V, and the eluate contained no fibrinogen. Although separation of fibrinogen into two components required the four-buffer system, maximal yields of factor VIII were achieved by compressing the first three buffer phases into one. Specific activities of about 50-fold, from large volumes of plasma, and 200-fold, from small volumes, were obtained. Refined factor VIII was unstable unless citrate was added to a concentration of 0.4 per cent.


ABSTRACT Asymmetry of the knee (distal femur), where the medial trochlear ridge is larger than the lateral one, has been observed in certain ungulates, but until now there has not been a comprehensive study of this anatomy across a range of extant and extinct mammals. A degree of knee asymmetry is present in most ungulates: this asymmetry increases in extent with increasing body size, and is also more prominent in taxa with a preference for open habitats, independent of body size. However, camelids and proboscideans have symmetrical knees, regardless of size. We propose that the correlation of degree asymmetry with habitat type, as can be observed in extant ruminants, is related to the preferred type of locomotion, with the gallop gait being preferred in open habitats. Neither camelids nor proboscideans employ the gallop as a habitual gait. The allometric increase observed in knee asymmetry, in combination with the correlation with locomotor preference, likely reflects anatomy that resists muscular forces pulling the patella medially when the animal is supporting its weight on a single hind leg during fast locomotion. Inclusion of fossil taxa leads to interesting interpretations about the behavior of extinct ungulates: extinct brachydont equids of presumed closed habitat preference have less asymmetric knees than extant equids, or extinct hypsdont equids of presumed open habitat preference; the knee anatomy of giant deer, Megaloceros, indicates a preference for open habitats, whereas the knee anatomy of the brontothere Megacerops indicates a proboscidean (versus rhino-like) type of fast locomotion.


The reduction of the niobocene complex [Nb(η-C5H4SiMe3)2Cl2](1) with one equivalent of sodium amalgam (10%) in the presence of π-acid ligands yields [Nb(η-C5H4SiMe3)2Cl(L)][L = PMe3(2), PMe2Ph (3), P(OMe)3(4), P(OEt)3(5), PhCCPh (6), HCCPh (7), or HCCH (8)]. Reactions of (2) and (3) with LiMe give the new alkyl complexes [Nb(η-C5H4SiMe3)2Me(L)][L = PMe3(9) or PMe2Ph (10)]. The structural characterization of all these compounds has been carried out by i.r. and n.m.r. spectroscopy and the oxidation potentials of the niobium(III) complexes have been evaluated by cyclic voltammetric measurements. The X-ray crystal structure of (6) has been determined. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group P212121 with a= 15.388(1), b= 15.148(1), c= 12.397(1)A, and Z= 4. The structure was solved by Patterson and Fourier methods and refined by full-matrix least-squares methods to R= 0.053 for 2 695 observed reflections. The structure obtained was consistent with that expected on the basis of spectroscopic observations. The molecule represents a wedge-like sandwich, with an angle between both closely planar cyclopentadienyl rings of 52.10(42)°, probably due to the repulsions between the –SiMe3 substituents of the cyclopentadienyl rings. The ligand PhCCPh behaves as a two-electron donor as indicated by the distance C(1)–C(2) 1.27(1)A, and angles C(2)–C(1)–C(11) 143.3(8)° and C(1)–C(2)–C(21) 141.1(9)°; these values confirm the π back-donation effect.


One of the first steps in setting up an optimal groundwater remediation design problem is developing an appropriate objective function, which represents the primary goals of the design. Selecting appropriate objective functions can be challenging. A more realistic objective function, which is a cost function applied to a realistic site without simplification, may yield more accurate results but at the same time it will require more time and effort to develop the appropriate function for a particular application. On the other hand, a simple function will save setup time but may sacrifice the accuracy of the results. This research seeks to identify what situations encountered in remediation design would make the development of a realistic objective function necessary. It also examines tradeoffs among three objectives: total cost, risk, and total cleanup time. A pump-andtreat system is designed for a case study to explore these questions. The model used here is NSGA II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II) combined with two numerical models (Modflow and RT3D) and an exposure and risk assessment model. Four different cost functions are applied, ranging from simple to complex. The results show that the realistic cost function generally found better solutions than the simplified ones, especially for shorter-term cleanups. These findings are now being tested for a field-scale application at Umatilla Army Depot in Oregon.


A decade of training evaluation and training effectiveness research was reviewed to construct an integrated model of training evaluation and effectiveness. This model integrates four prior evaluation models and results of 10 years of training effectiveness research. It is the first to be constructed using a set of strict criteria and to investigate the evaluation and effectiveness relationships with an evaluation measure proposed several years ago, post training attitudes. Evaluation measures found to be related to posttraining attitudes were cognitive learning, training performance, and transfer performance. Training effectiveness variables found to be related to posttraining attitudes were pretraining self-efficacy, experience, posttraining mastery orientation, learning principles, and post-training interventions. Overall, 10 training effectiveness variables were found to consistently influence training outcomes. Results also reveal that reaction measures and training motivation are two areas needing further development and research. These findings as well as other areas requiring research attention are discussed.


An autonomous dual wheel self balancing robot is developed that is capable of balancing its position around predetermined position. Initially the system was nonlinear and unstable. It is observed that the system becomes stable after redesigning the physical structure of the system using PID controller and analyzing its dynamic behavior using mathematical modeling. The position of self balancing robot is controlled by PID controller. Simulation results using PROTEOUS, MATLAB, and VM lab are observed and verified vital responses of different components. Balancing is claimed and shown the verification for this nonlinear and unstable system. Some fluctuations in forward or backward around its mean position is observed, afterwards it acquires its balanced position in reasonable settling time. The research is applicable in gardening, hospitals, shopping malls and defense systems etc.


Matrix-isolation photochemistry (λ > 299 nm; Ar, 10 K) of 5-cyano-2H-pyran-2-one (5, δ-cyano-α-pyrone) shows complete conversion to a mixture of several ring-opened ketene isomers (6) and a ring-cl...


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on plain language in Australia, the UK and the USA since the movement began to accelerate in the early 1960s; to review the progress of plain‐language initiatives in those countries in the years since then; to provide guidance on generating plain‐language documents for writers in the corporate arena; and to present suggestions for further research.Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses historical and contemporary initiatives and issues relating to plain language, presents guidelines for writing in plain language, and discusses the desirability of ongoing research.Findings – The paper concludes with suggestions for further research in the corporate sector, where issues such as plain‐language "standards" are contestable, and compliance with plain‐language guidelines is under‐researched.Research limitations/implications – Although the plain‐language movement has gained great momentum worldwide in recent years, this paper is limited to...


In this paper, characteristics of amplitude modulated harmonically mode locked (AM-HML) erbium doped fiber (EDF) ring laser are presented. It is investigated that the AM-HML method can provide a precise control of the lasing spectral bandwidth. Which in turn, can control the nonlinear effects in single mode fibers, such as stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fiber communications. The optical spectral bandwidth is found to be broadened from -5GHz to-16.6GHz when the AM modulating low harmonic signal frequency is varied from -3.1609MHz to -44.2526MHz (1 to 14 times of the fundamental cavity frequency fa) at a fixed pulse rate of fh 2.1241 GHz. The effect of the percentage of AM modulation depth is also studied and it is observed that the bandwidth of the AM-HML laser is slightly affected when the percentage of AM modulation is varied from -5% to -50%.


Catalyst composition comprising (i) a metal salt complex of an imine bis (phenol) compound, wherein the structure 1: wherein O and N represent oxygen and nitrogen; R & lt include halogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl; and R2 R3 can be each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydrocarbyl or substituted hydrocarbyl; and Q is a donor group; and (ii) a metallocene complex.


SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this work is to determinate the knowledge level about breast cancer and the practice of breast self-examination in middle aged women treated at the gynecology consultation at "Maternity Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza" in Maracaibo, State, Venezuela. METHOD: This was an exploratory and descriptive research, with no transactional and experimental design; where will be evaluated 48 women, by applied of two questionnaire, one denominated "knowledge about breast cancer" with 22 questions of closed answers Lickert type; previously validated, with a test/retest coefficient of 0.94; and other designed ad hoc to established the practice of the breast selfexamination. RESULTS: By applying the questionnaire "breast cancer knowledge" was obtained an average of 45.3 ± 10.9 points, with most of the surveyed a level of knowledge between good (50 %) and regular (47.9 %) on general aspects of the breast cancer, risk factors, prevention and the breast self-examination. We also found that 64.6.% of women practiced breast self-examination, mostly performing it once monthly (48.4 %), at any time (54.8 %), standing (64.6 %), including the examination of the armpits (54.8.%), nipple and areola (67.7 %), and doing motivated by social media (45.2 %) or medical recommendation (29.%). Only 35.4 % of these patients did not, mainly due to fear of finding disease "(41.2 %). CONCLUSION: The level of knowledge on both the breast cancer and the auto examine and the practice among middle aged women is good.


Here we report the preparation and characterization of a green composite based on high-density polyethylene and Kaans grass (Saccharum spontaneum). The composites were prepared by conventional melt-mixing method, using maximum loading of Kaans grass in powder form (KG-filler) to achieve acceptable range of required properties. Maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene was used as compatibilizer to achieve effective interaction for improved surface adhesion which was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Morphological studies revealed good interaction between the base polymer matrices and the KG-fillers that improved the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites up to certain (10 phr) KG-filler loading. Study on water absorption property revealed moderate increase in weight at higher KG-filler loadings. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and melt flow index (MFI) studies indicated retention of thermal stability and flow property of the HDPE/KG-filler composite at lower filler loadings. POLYM. COMPOS., 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers


Heavy-ion transfer reactions are studied using the exact finite-range DWBA (distorted wave Born approximation) calculations. To investigate the differential cross sections in the whole-angle region the reaction mechanism is considered as a coherent sum of direct and exchange processes. Both the double-folding microscopic nucleon–nucleon interaction and phenomenological Woods–Saxon form are used for the real and imaginary distorting potentials in the initial and final channels, respectively. The present calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data in the whole angular range. The inclusion of the exchange process improves the cross section's magnitude explicitly and leads to a better description of the backward oscillations. The values of the extracted normalization coefficients obtained are reasonable.


Abstract The bio-oils are considered to sustainable, alternative and environmentally friendly source of lubricants compared to commercial engine oils, on the base a mineral, synthetic or semi-synthetic. They are obtained from natural raw material (vegetable or animal oils), which are renewable and non-toxic to humans, living organisms and environment. The vegetable oils called green oils, natural oils, bio-oils or natural esters. They can be obtained from plant seeds, that may be consumed – edible oils (for instance: rapeseed oil) or which cannot be consumed – inedible (for example: linseed oil). The conducted research into linseed oil and its different quantity additives (25% and 50%) to commercial marine mineral oil intended for a medium-speed 4-stroke, trunk marine engine (i.e. Marinol RG 1240). The flash point and dependence of viscosity and temperature were compared and assess. It has been proven that vegetable oils have a high ignition temperature and very small viscosity change in the range of temperatures presented, i.e. high viscosity index. According to the results, it can be recommended the addition of 25% linseed oil in the base lubricant is the relevant for lubricating a medium speed 4-stroke marine engine. The vegetable additives can improve a viscosity index a lube oil, and they will be positively affected environmental protection.


The ruminal metabolism and intestinal digestibility of fatty acids (FA) was studied in four mid-lactation dairy cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae. The cows received fresh perennial ryegrass as sole feed. Two grasses were compared, differing in the soluble carbohydrate/nitrogen ratio (SC+/N- and SC-/N+ ratios). This ratio was modified by the combination of three factors: age of regrowth, N fertilisation and hour of cutting. The two grasses contained 12.5 and 20.7% of crude protein, and 24.6 and 13.7% of SC, respectively. The SC+/N- grass contained less FA [1.82 vs. 2.49% of dry matter (DM)] and a lower percentage of linolenic acid (60.9 vs. 65.6% of FA). As DM intake did not differ between treatments, FA intake was higher for the SC-/N+ treatment. The duodenal composition of FA revealed numerous isomers of 18:1 and conjugated and non-conjugated isomers of 18:2. SC-/N+ treatment resulted in a higher duodenal flow of stearic, linoleic, and linolenic acids and of several intermediates of linolenic acid hydrogenation. This was a consequence of differences in intake. Intestinal digestibility of FA from both grasses was high (around 90%). The proportions of FA in plasma did not reflect with accuracy the differences in duodenal FA resulting from differences in ruminal metabolism.


Magnetic After-Effect (MAE) and magnetic AC susceptibility studies have been performed on high-purity non-irradiated and Fe-ion irradiated, [Formula: see text]-Fe foil samples in the high-temperature range, which became experimentally accessible recently. The pronounced difference in the temperature profile of MAE between non-irradiated and irradiated samples has been identified and ascribed to the trapping of carbon in the irradiated sample into structures that are reluctant to decompose by standard temperature cycling. The accurate background of MAE relaxations at 430 and 610 K in non-irradiated [Formula: see text]-Fe samples has been scrutinized by the annealing-type studies in temperature and time domains to conclude that it relies on the formation, decomposition, and mutual transformations of carbide nanoprecipitates nucleated in dislocations, grain boundaries, and in the bcc matrix. Long-term trapping of migrating carbon into carbides and in the 100 nm thick surface layer has also been shown to take place.


The technical process of αFe2O3 synthesized hydrothermally from pyrite slag is studied by using XRD and TEM. The optimizing technical conditions for iron extraction are that the adding quantity of sulfuric acid(concentration:75%) is 1.3 times as much as the theoretical quantity and the reaction system is soaked in heat water for 2 h at 300 ℃,then the percentage of iron extracted from slag can reach 93.94%. In separating iron from the lixivium of slag,some reagent for alum deposition is put into the lixivium and the pH value is adjusted to 2.50 by using NH3·H2O at 20 ℃,then the lixivium is heated to 65 ℃ and the reaction is kept for 2 h,thus the iron obtained as the crystal of ferric alum can be up to 95.1%. In synthesizing hydrothermally αFe2O3,the suspension of 0.3 mol/L Fe(OH)3 is prepared from ferric alum and the pH value of the suspension is adjusted up to 11.30 by using NaOH(concentration:5%),then with the heating rate of the autoclave being 2.5 ℃/min and the stirring rate of the autoclave being 600~700 r/min,the reaction is kept for 2 h at (172±2) ℃,and αFe2O3 with uniform sphere shape and apparent dimension of about 50 nm is obtained.


Many nuclear power, defense, and space applications require radiation-hardened integrated circuits. In 1986, Sandia's expertise in microelectronics radiation hardening was combined with AT&T's 1.25-micrometer (μm) complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process to develop a new generation of digital designs. These include a 32-bit microprocessor and a 256-kilobit static random access memory (SRAM). This effort is now complete; the new process is running at AT&T's Allentown, Pennsylvania, MOS V production facility, and the technology has been transferred to Sandia's Microelectronics Development Laboratory (MDL) in Albuquerque, New Mexico. By joining their resources and expertise, Sandia and AT&T developed this process at a fraction of what it would have cost if either had attempted it alone.


On 29 January 2006, 72 miners were trapped in a potash mine operated by Mosaic more than one kilometre below the surface in Esterhazy (Canada). Within hours, media from around the globe was in Esterhazy to cover the story. Mosaic‐Esterhazy did not have a designated external communication spokesperson or a comprehensive crisis communication plan to deal with such a predicament. Nonetheless, actions taken during and after the crisis were considered by many to be nearly faultless, and the Mosaic‐Esterhazy incident is now recognized as a model in mine safety around the world. This paper's intent is to understand why Mosaic‐Esterhazy was successful in assembling an effective crisis communication strategy. A conceptual model and managerial implications are also presented.


The aim of the present research was to formulate and evaluate Sodium alginate, Pectin and Sodium alginate in combination with Pectin mucoadhesive microspheres for controlled release of Nevirapine. The mucoadhesive microspheres were formulated by Ionotropic gelation technique, using Sodium alginate, Pectin and Sodium alginate in combination with Pectin as mucoadhesive polymer in various proportions in combination. Further, the prepared Nevirapine mucoadhesive microspheres were characterized for particle size, morphology, entrapment efficiency, mucoadhesion, in vitro drug release, Nevirapine release kinetics and compatability studies (FTIR & DSC). The Nevirapine Microspheres were free-flowing and discrete. The mean particle size ranged from 643.26 ± 5.93 μm to 892.34 ± 5.64 μm and the entrapment efficiencies ranged from 54.51 to 91.60 %. The Nevirapine entrapment efficiency was found to be dependent on type and concentration of mucoadhesive polymer used for formulation. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the surface morphology of Nevirapine mucoadhesive microspheres .The FTIR and DSC confirmed stable character of Nevirapine in the drug-loaded mucoadhesive microspheres. The crystallinity of Nevirapine was found to be reduced in prepared mucoadhesive microspheres (F12), which were confirmed by XRD studies. The mechanism of Nevirapine release from the mucoadhesive microsphere was found to be anomalous and super case-II transport type. Stability studies were done for the best formulation F12 indicates that there is no change in entrapment efficiency of the formulation.