Provides an understanding of the importance of journals in industry and of the types of measures there taken to ensure value for money and a high quality service, and outlines some ways in which publishers can serve industrial users better by recognizing the need for high–quality services, speedy and reliable delivery, and flexibility of service.


Using the angular-spectrum representation of wave fields, I have introduced the impulse responses for transmission and reflection of a scalar wave on interaction with an inhomogeneous layer or arbitrary dielectric body. Then, by using the S-matrix formalism within the framework of this angular spectrum representation, reciprocity relations for the impulse responses are obtained. The theory shows the lack of contribution of evanescent waves to these reciprocity relations.


ObjectiveTo explore the activity of the rat renal corpuscle's number at embryonic and postnatal day.MethodLight paraffin series section techoology and stereology methods were used to assess the change of the rat renal corpuscle's number at different developmental stage.ResultsThe number of the corpuscle increased by approximately 7 folds from embryonic day 18(E18) to postnatal 7(P7) and didn,t change anymore from P7 to P40.ConclusionThe number of the rat renal corpuscle grows dramatically from E18 to P7 and is mainly stable at P7.


Objective
To establish a critical segmental bone defect model in a rabbit ulna.

Methods
Twenty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned into 5 groups according to the digital table, and then 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18mm segmental defects(contained periosteum) were created in the middle part of ulna on both sides, respectively.At 6 and 12 weeks after surgery, the repair of segmental bone defects was evaluated by naked eyes, X-ray and histological examination.

Results
At 12 weeks after surgery, all of the segmental defects with the length of 14 and 15mm were completely repaired.But none of the defects with the length of 16, 17 and 18mm was repaired.

Conclusion
The length of critical segmental bone defect in rabbit ulna was 16 mm.

Key words:
Fractures, ununited; Ulna; Bone defect; Models, animal; Rabbit; Animal experimentation; Length; Randomized controlled trial


Knowingthesituational information aboutthe current worldistheprecondition forsetting goals anddomains ofactions. Special events intheworldcanalsobeused toinitiate new actions orinterrupt ongoing processes. A prototype ofa communication interface hasbeendeveloped whichenables userstocreate visual messages torepresent concepts orideas inmind.Themessages areconstructed using aspatial arrangement ofvisual symbols. Theinterface hasbeen tested byobservers inasimulated crisis situation. Thesystem processes theincoming message tobuild aworldmodelbythe employment ofontology. A blackboard ofa dynamic ad-hoc network shares theknowledge andupdates thedisplay ofthe mobile devices oftheusers within thesameregion ofthecrisis event. I.INTRODUCTION Theterrorist attack of9/11wasastarting point ofresearch realizations oncrisis management inchaotic situations. The needtodevelop technology tosupport crisis management has never beenmoreapparent. AtDecis Lab(Delft Cooperation onIntelligent Systems), there isaproject running oncrisis management. We propose anarchitecture ofadistributed system thatisdesigned tohandle non-deterministic envi-


The rapid and accurate integrity assessment of targets can provide important guarantee and reference for the subsequent decision of the implementer. The current research on target integrity assessment mainly adopts single data source or complex probability model, which leads to inability to balance the needs of accuracy and real-time. In order to solve this problem, a new target integrity assessment method based on image and track information is proposed in this paper. Image texture, corner points and track parameters before and after the execution of the target are used to transform the integrity assessment issue into a classification issue, and a comprehensive assessment result is made by combining various classification results. The experimental results show that the assessment results based on both image and track information reached 97.5%, higher than the evaluation results from a single data source, and the evaluation time was controlled in milliseconds, which not only improved the accuracy rate but also ensured the real-time assessment.


The mineral-rich city is a special type of cities characterized by acute contradictions between economic development and resource and environmental protection. Urban ecosystems are becoming more and more vulnerable. Therefore, ecological disasters and ecological safety issues also become increasingly important. Eco-disasters in mineral-rich cities are quite complex due to the combined effects of the environment and human activities. In the present work, the authors analyzed in detail the factors affecting ecological security, with the aim to provide theoretical and practical basis for ecological security construction in mineral-rich cities. Ecological security is a dynamic process and a continuous function of the security status, risk factors, evolution trends, time, space and security principal. During the course of the interaction between human and the environment, environmental insecurity factors of objective threat to human production, living and livelihood security space are all ecological security risks. Given the disaster factors that influence the ecological security of mineral-rich cities, eco-security is consider the function of the probability of risk factors, the loss and the ability to respond from the ecological danger-risk perspectives. An eco-security assessment indicator system was subsequently developed based on the five-sphere structure consisting of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere and human activity. Risk measurement and fuzzy optimization theory were also used, and a fuzzy iteration model about ecological security of mineral-rich cities, which gives an objective weight and the relative membership degree of alternative, is presented. Liaoning is a province rich in mineral resources and production and has a long mining history. There are 15 mining counties (cities) and districts accounting for 30% of the land and 20% of the GDP of the province. Data with respect to 19 selected indicators in the study areas were obtained through field investigations and risk statistics in 2007. Occurrence frequency data of all kinds of underlying factors from the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere were from records since year 1949. Data concerning human activities such as environmental pollution and water resources were from Statistical Yearbook since year 1990. Results showed that the ecological security index of Tiefa City, Fushun City, Fuxin City, Benxi City and Anshan City were generally lower than 0.5 as a result of rapid economic development as well as environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by mining activities. The ecological security index of Huludao City, Qinyuan County, Wafangdian City, Kuandian County and Fengcheng City were relatively higher. The production of these cities primarily lies in non-ferrous metal mining and chemical industry, showing a small amount of mineral resources exploitation.


Jamming is one of the serious problems in Indonesia caused by the increase of vehicles. The government has been made solution for this situation for example was public transportation. The train is one of the suitable public transportation because of the ticket price was cheap. Tawang Railway Station Semarang was the biggest railway station in Semarang. In the specific day such long holiday or celebration day, many people have chosen train to take them. This make a queuing situation on the counter of station especially on customer service locket which provide information about the station and more. Queue theory models provide the random of arrival and service time. The Bayesian theory suits to handle the problem of queuing that has been working for several times to repair the prior information with new information of sample and also can make a combination of the distribution after assumption steady state. Based on the analysis of the queue models for customer service are (G/G/c):(GD/∞/∞) from the posterior distribution with combination from prior distribution and likelihood sample. The prior distribution used in this research is Poisson. The likelihood sample used Uniform Discrete and Negative Binomial distribution. The posterior distribution is a combination of Uniform Discrete and Beta distribution. Queue models can be used to count the size of the system performance. Based on the calculations and analysis with RGui, it can be concluded that the queuing system of customer service locket have been good because its steady state and busy probability is higher than jobless probability.


The trapped electron modes (TEMs) are numerically investigated in toroidal magnetized hydrogen, deuterium and tritium plasmas, taking into account the effects of impurity ions such as carbon, oxygen, helium, tungsten and others with positive and negative density gradients with the rigorous integral eigenmode equation. The effects of impurity ions on TEMs are investigated in detail. It is shown that impurity ions have substantially-destabilizing (stabilizing) effects on TEMs in isotope plasmas for 0$ ?>Lez≡Lne/Lnz>0 ?> (<0 ?>), opposite to the case of ion temperature gradient (ITG) driven modes. Detailed analyses of the isotope mass dependence for TEM turbulences in hydrogenic isotope plasmas with and without impurities are performed. The relations between the maximum growth rate of the TEMs with respect to the poloidal wave number and the ion mass number are given in the presence of the impurity ions. The results demonstrate that the maximum growth rates scale as γmax∝Mi−0.5 ?> in pure hydrogenic plasmas. The scale depends on the sign of its density gradient and charge number when there is a second species of (impurity) ions. When impurity ions have density profiles peaking inwardly (i.e. 0$ ?>Lez≡Lne/Lnz>0 ?>), the scaling also depends on ITG parameter ηi ?>. The maximum growth rates scale as γmax∝Meff−0.5 ?> for the case without ITG (ηi=0 ?>) or the ITG parameter is positive (0$ ?>ηi>0 ?>) but the impurity ion charge number is low (Z⩽5.0 ?>). However, when 0$ ?>ηi>0 ?> and the impurity ion charge number is moderate (Z=6.0−8.0 ?>), the scaling law is found as γmax∝Meff−1.0 ?>. Here, Z is impurity ion charge number, and the effective mass number, Meff=(1−fz)Mi+fzMz ?>, with Mi ?> and MZ ?> being the mass numbers of the hydrogenic and impurity ions, respectively, and fz=Zn0z/n0e ?> being the charge concentration of impurity ions. In addition, with regard to the case of Lez<0 ?>, the maximum growth rate scaling is γmax∝Mi−0.5 ?>. The possible relations of the results with experimental observations are discussed.


Electrodeionization(EDI) as a combination of electrodialysis(ED) and ion exchange(IE), has been gradually applied in pharmaceutical, electronic, electric power, biological technology, etc. In this paper, the development history of new technology EDI is reviewed firstly, then configuration and working principles and economic and technological characteristics of EDI are briefly illustrated. What's more, the specific application of EDI in water for Pharmaceuticals in our country is emphatically analyzed. It is put forward that the integrated membrane process based on EDI and reverse osmosis(RO) will be one of the most promising technologies of pharmaceutical water production in the 21st century.


This paper studied the flow field properties of the 10 kW inductively coupled plasma wind tunnel (ICPWT). The results can be used for the development of the thermal material protection material for re-entry aerospace vehicles. In this paper, the ICP flow under different input powers was numerically simulated, and the flow-field characteristics in the ICP torch under different operating parameters were obtained. The results showed that when the input power is the typical working power i.e. 10 kW, the electron number density in the plasma torch reaches a maximum of 3.23×1021 1/m3, and the electron temperature is also up to 0.99 eV. Besides, the velocity in the plasma torch reaches a maximum of 34.9 m/s, and the translational temperature also reaches a maximum value of 8740 K.


Background— The prognostic utility of ankle brachial index (ABI) may be hampered in persons with diabetes due to peripheral arterial stiffening in the ankles. Stiffening of toe arteries occurs infrequently in diabetes. Objectives— We aim to determine the nature of the relationship of the toe brachial index (TBI) and ABI with cardiovascular (CVD) mortality, and to determine whether the associations are modified in individuals with diabetes. Methods— Individuals with clinically suspected atherosclerotic PAD who underwent ABI and TBI measurements in a vascular laboratory were followed longitudinally for CVD mortality. Results— Among 469 (89% men) participants, the mean age was 68 ± 9 years and 36% had diabetes. The mean ABI was 0.83 ± 0.28 and the mean TBI was 0.60 ± 0.24. During 7.0 years (median) follow-up, there were 158 CVD deaths. Association of the ABI categories with CVD events differed in diabetic vs. non-diabetic participants (P-interaction = .002). In contrast, association of the TBI categories with CVD events were similar irrespective of diabetes status (P-interaction = .17). Among diabetic patients, a U-shaped relationship was observed between ABI categories and CVD death; both those with low (< 0.90) and high (> 1.30) ABI were at higher risk than those with normal (0.90–1.30) ABI. In non-diabetic patients, association of ABI categories with CVD death was linear, such that those with ABI > 1.30 were at the lowest between TBI categories and CVD death irrespective of diabetes status. These findings suggest that stiffened ankle arteries may limit the predictive value of the ABI in individuals with diabetes; a limitation that may be overcome by measurement of the TBI.


In everyday life, the word "magnetism" most often refers to solid materials, metals, alloys, oxides. As for molecules, they are considered to be isolated, non-magnetic objects. Nevertheless, to be or not to be (magnetic) is not the appropriate question: everything is magnetic; the true problem lies in determining how. The purpose of this lecture is to illustrate the magnetism of molecules through some experiments.


In the early 20C, Busby Burkeley and Fred Astaire newly introduced backstage musical. This study aims not only comparing two musicals to show how...


Abstract The main resonance lines of iodine are in the vacuum ultra-violet region of the spectrum (178.3 and 183.Onm), where air and flame gases absorb very strongly. Thus, at first signt, it would appear impossible to determine iodine directly by atomic absorption or fluorescence spectroscopy.


Background: The existing system of ownership of electrical networks and payment for electricity by household consumers has to be revised through analysis and evaluation of power consumption by communal meters in apartment buildings. Communal electricity consumption standards do not account for losses in the building network and a number of other important factors. Therefore, higher efficiency of household consumers electricity supply can be reached by improving the communal electricity consumption standards, determining the borders of accountability areas and choosing the optimal sites for communal and individual meters. Materials and methods: The study is based on the analysis of the legal framework in the field of public utilities, as well as the use of methods of statistical information about the activities of a number of household consumers in Nizhny Novgorod region. Results: Based on the analysis of typical power supply schemes of apartment buildings, we have determined the possible locations of communal and individual metering and identified the structure of communal power consumption. We also suggested formulas for calculating communal expenses and obtained their numerical values. The paper shows the impact of subconsumers on communal power consumption and the reasons for possible deviations of communal electricity expenses and possible damage to household consumers. Conclusions: The results indicate an urgent need to introduce communal meters in the household sector. The measures and penalties suggested are aimed at reducing the losses from non-contractual and non-registered electricity consumption.


We deal with the well-posedness for solutions of nonlinear integrodifferential equations of second-order in Hilbert spaces by converting the problem into the contraction mapping principle with more general conditions on the principal operators and the nonlinear terms and obtain a variation of constant formula of solutions of the given nonlinear equations.


WO alleles of the sex-linked gene tabby, Tu and Tu", reduce the number of secondary facial vibrissae in the mouse. Dominance on the phenotypic level in this system is considerably affezted by background modification, so that estimates of dominance based directly on observations are difficult to interpret. The present analysis was based on a model which allowed transformation of the discontinuous observations to a postulated continuous scale of amount of gene product. With this accomplished, the dominance relationships of the alleles were investigated at a more fundamental level, relatively independent of genetic bazkground.


Ferula assafoetida 'Assafoetida' is known to possess various therapeutic properties. We evaluated the anti-ulcerogenic property of an aqueous suspension of assafoetida in different ulcer models on Wistar albino rats. The suspension at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, orally (i.p. in Shay rat model) had significant effects in the gastric ulceration induced by basal gastric acid secretion, indomethacin and noxious chemicals (80% ethanol, 0.2 M NaOH and 25% NaCl). They showed significant protection in all models used. These findings were supported by histopathological assessment of gastric tissue and by the determination of gastric wall mucus (GWM) contents of the stomach, as these parameters showed protection of various indices and replenishing the depleted (GWM) level by the suspension treatment, respectively. Conclusively, the ulcer protective effect of assafoetida may possibly be due to its anti-secretory action along with antioxidative and cytoprotective through a prostaglandin mediated mechanism. Rezumat Ferula assafoetida (asafoetida) este o plantă cu numeroase proprietăţi terapeutice. In studiul de faţă am evaluat acţiunea anti-ulcerogenă a unei suspensii apoase de asafoetida, folosind diferite modele experimentale de ulcer gastric indus la sobolanul alb Wistar. Dozele de 250, respectiv 500 mg suspensie/kg corp, administrate oral, au prezentat efecte semnificative asupra ulceraţiilor gastrice induse, pentru toate modelele experimentale. Au fost efectuate teste histopatologice pentru ţesutul gastric precum si evaluări ale mucusului peretelui gastric. Acţiunea protectoare a plantei Ferrula assafoetida in ulcerul gastric se poate datora acţiunii sale antisecretorii, antioxidante si citoprotectoare, printr-un mecanism mediat de prostaglandine.


Objective
To study whether the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine hot bag during intravenous infusion can improve the comfort of patients or not.

Methods
A total of 131 patients who were hospitalized in the General Internal Medicine Department of our hospital from June 2017 to May 2018 and who needed traditional Chinese medicine hot bag for intravenous infusion were selected for study. The patients were treated with traditional Chinese medicine hot bag for intravenous infusion and were compared before and after hot bag treatment. The first questionnaire survey was conducted at the middle stage of intravenous infusion. After the first questionnaire survey, the traditional Chinese medicine hot bag treatment was conducted according to the doctor's advice. After the traditional Chinese medicine hot bag treatment was completed, the second questionnaire survey was conducted.

Result
The comfort level of intravenous infusion of patients after the traditional Chinese medicine hot bag treatment was significantly higher than that before the traditional Chinese medicine hot bag treatment (Z=-6.742, P=0.000).

Conclusion
Intravenous infusion combined with traditional Chinese medicine hot bag treatment can improve the comfort of patients.

Key words:
Intravenous infusion; Traditional Chinese medicine hot bag; Comfort


Building upon the room-temperature magneto-optical properties of ternary and quaternary zinc blende magnetic semiconductor films of CdMnTe, CdMnCoTe, ZnMnTe, and ZnMnSe reported to date, the present study examines the crystallographic and optical properties of Mn-substituted II-VI based magnetic semiconductor films synthesized on sapphire (SA) or quartz glass (QG) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. CdTe-based films on sapphire or glass exhibited preferential (111) growth as reported previously. However, ZnTe-based films on sapphire showed a (220) growth believed to be induced by the (202̄2) plane of C-cut hexagonal SA substrates. The influence of crystallinity on optical or magneto-optical properties on both SA and QG is discussed from the viewpoint of the extinction ratio. The extinction ratio of films on QG was low compared to that of films on SA, and decreased further under an applied field. It has been shown that the decrease in the extinction ratio upon the application of a magnetic field contributes to the magneto-optical effect in the films.


The new compound Hg32+(AsF6–)2 containing mercury in the oxidation state of +2//3 has been obtained by the reaction of mercury with arsenic pentafluoride in liquid SO2; the Hg32+ ion which is shown, by X-ray methods, to be linear and symmetrical is also obtained when mercury is dissolved in fluorosulphuric acid.


Why do image processors transform an image – via multi-resolution (wavelet) transform, discrete Fourier transform (2D-DFT) or its variant the discrete cosine transform (DCT) – prior to coding it for data compaction? It seems fairly intuitive: while in the original (image) domain the energy is distributed evenly amongst all pixels, in the transform domain this is no longer true. For example, it is common to find most of the energy in low spatial frequency components (larger image objects) and much less at higher frequencies (fine detail); and it makes sense to expend many bits to quantize the former and rather fewer to deal with the latter. In fact, inverse water-filling from ratedistortion arguments in information theory tell us to do exactly that, and even to ignore completely (no bits at all) components that are smaller than some threshold. Taken to its limit, this describes a representation that is sparse. We may wish to write x = As + e (1)


[n thzs paper a concatenated cod_,g scheme for prowdzng very rehable data over mobde-satellite channels at power levels szmzlar to those used for vocoded speech zs descrzbed. The outer code zs a shortened Reed-Solomon code wbzcb provtdes error detectzon as well as error correctzon capabdtt+es. The znner code zs a one-dtmenszonal Sstate trelhs code apphed zndependently to both the znphase and quadrature channels. 2"o achzeve the full error correclzon potential of lhzs +nner code, the code symbols are multzplezed w_th a pzlot sequence which 2s used to promde dynamze channel estzmat,on and coherent detectzon. The zmplemenlatlon structure of th,s scheme zs dzscussed and zts performance ts estzmaled.


Snacks characteristics are closely related to raw material's physico-chemical properties, in order to develop suitable texture. Carrot (Daucus carota) is a tuber with 96% of water which affects the production of chips. The aim of this study was to get a snack with high nutritional value by reducing the moisture content and water activity of carrot slices. A 23 full factorial experiment, corresponding to the combination of three factors with two levels each: drying during 30 to 35 minutes, osmotic dehydration with 0.15 and 0.25%, citric acid solutions of and coating with 0.8 and 1.2% pectin solutions. Treatments with a longer drying time (B, F and H) had a higher score in the weighting table. However, the H treatment which had an osmotic dehydration with 0.25% citric acid solution, a coating with 1.2% pectin and a drying time at 50 ° C during 35 minutes, was the easiest to handle and presented better appearance. Color, flavor and texture of this treatment were measured through a five-point hedonic scale, resulting in all attributes with an average scale score between four and five, corresponding to "like slightly" and "like very much". As a result we reduced the moisture and water activity creating a product with organoleptic characteristics appreciated by consumers.


Any material that simulates a body tissue in its interaction with ionizing radiation is termed a tissue substitute [ICRU Report 44 (ICRU, 1989)]. Specific radiation interaction coefficients such as linear attenuation coefficients and /or stopping powers are usually considered. A structure that contains one or more tissue substitutes and is used to simulate radiation interactions in the body is termed a phantom. A phantom may simulate a volume of body tissue with regard to anatomical structures such as shape and spatial mass-density distribution. Actual body organs and tissues may be incorporated within a phantom. In this Report, the term "phantom" refers to a material object and will not be used to describe any mathematical representation of an organ, tissue or whole body. A conceptual representation of a specific body organ or a defined group of organs and tissues, generally expressed mathematically, will be termed a computational model. Phantoms are used widely in radiotherapy, radiological imaging, nuclear medicine, radiation protection and radiobiology. The major application is in radiation dosimetry and as bolus1 in radiotherapy. Other applications include their use in the calibration of radiation detector systems, assessments of image quality or imager performance and in the calibration of quantitative information derived from digital images. Consequently, phantoms may be broadly categorized according to their primary function as either dosimetric, calibration or imaging. A dosimetric phantom is used for the measurement of absorbed dose in a specified geometry. The ab-


Background. At the present stage of the development of society, one of the priority tasks of the state is to improve the system of physical education for schoolchildren. Recently, the problem of reforming the school system of physical education has become extremely urgent. Objectives. The purpose of our study is to form a model for implementing the health care system for the formation of sports education among schoolchildren. Methods. The basis of our methodology is the functional modeling system IDEF0, which allows us to form a model according to the goal set in the study. Results. Our research has brought an original result, which consists in the formation of a model for implementing a health care system for the formation of physical education among schoolchildren. Conclusion. Further research will be aimed at analyzing the attitude of physical culture teachers to innovations that are declared in the curriculum based on the principle of variability, as well as the willingness of specialists to work according to modular programs.


Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) is a type of attack using the volume, intensity, and more costs mitigation to increase in this era. Attackers used many zombie computers to exhaust the resources available to a network, application or service so that authorized users cannot gain access or the network service is down, and it is a great loss for Internet users in computer networks affected by DDoS attacks. This research proposed to develop a new approach to detect DDoS attacks based on network traffic activity were statistically analyzed using Gaussian Naive Bayes method. Data will be extracted from training and testing of network traffic in a core router at Master of Information Technology Research Laboratory Ahmad Dahlan University Yogyakarta (MITRLADUY). The new approach in detecting DDoS attacks is expected to be a relation with Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to predict the existence of DDoS attacks based on average and standard deviation of network packets in accordance with the Gaussian method.


Neutron-diffraction data have been collected from a K B r single crystal. 380 reflections were measured, reducing to 23 when averaged over equivalents. Data were corrected for extinction and thermal diffuse scattering and refinement yielded a neutron coherent scattering amplitude b (Br) = 0.683 ± 0.005 · 10~12 cm. Anharmonic temperature factors are evaluated for the bromine and potassium atoms. Introduction We have repeated a three-dimensional neutron analysis of potassium bromide in order to re-determine the scattering length of bromine, utilizing the scattering length of potassium which is known accurately from recent work by C O O P E R and R O U S E ( 1 9 7 2 ) . During the refinement of the data, which were corrected for thermal diffuse scattering, we have also investigated anharmonic thermal vibrations. Experimental Three-dimensional data were collected on a Grubb-Parsons Mk VI four-circle diffractometer at the A.E.R.E. DIDO reactor. The sample was in the form of a 2 mm cube and was mounted with its [110] axis * Now at Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, Hampshire, England. ** Sheffield S10 2 TN, England. A neutron-diffraction study of potassium bromide 241 vertical. The detector aperture was square, with sides 1.25 cm, and the wavelength was 1.181 Á. 380 reflections were measured using θ-2 θ scans, with a scan range of 2 ° over the peak position. They reduced to 23 independent reflections when averaged over equivalents. The background was measured using 0.4° scans on either side of the peak scan. No attempt was made to put the intensities of the reflections on an absolute scale. Refinement Data were refined independently by two computer programmes; the full-matrix least-squares programme O R F L S (BUSING, MARTIN and LEVY, 1962) and the Harwell T A I L S programme. Correction for extinction was done by TAILS and all 23 reflections were used in the refinement. The effective domain radius (r*) refined to 0 . 3 6 0 X I O 4 ( ± 0 . 1 4 χ IO" 5 ) cm. I t should be noted that both the domain radius r and the mosaic spread parameter g cannot be determined at a single wavelength. Those reflections which were shown to be badly extinguished were removed from the ORFLS data. No correction was made for absorption (jiR < 0.08). Refinement of the scale factor, isotropic temperature factors and scattering lengths of both ions were carried out while the positional parameters were held constant. The final R factor given by ORFLS was l°/o and that given by TAILS 0.6°/o, the latter being consistent with the improved treatment of extinction. Observed and calculated intensities from TAILS are given in Table 1. Correction for first-order thermal diffuse scattering was evaluated by the method of COOPER and ROTXSE (1968 ) . The thermal diffuse scattering Κ function given by the expression g _ i fri (di + C12) + Ci4 (2cn + C44) rèr fri &2 + i fri ("11 + Clï) C44 + Cil C44 * with 61 CU — C12 — 2 C44 and ¿>2 = CU + 2 en + C44 was calculated to be 2.40 X 10 (dyne cm ) 1 from elastic constants CY given by FEDEROV (1968) . The thermal diffuse scattering « values, where « is the fraction of the measured intensity I 0 due to thermal diffuse scattering, are also given in Table 1. Discussion The ratio of the coherent scattering amplitudes 6βγ, 6k was found to be 1 .870 ± 0 . 0 0 5 , which compares with a ratio of 1 .81 ± 0 . 0 1 recently given by ATOJI (1972 ) from powder measurements. Taking the Z. Kristallogr. Bd. 187, 4 16 2 4 2 G . E . B A C O N , Ό . H . T I T T E R T O N a n d C . R . W A L K E R Table 1. Observed and calculated intensities of KBr at room temperature h k I Io Io β (Ιοί T.D.S. α 0 — 6 — 4 1465 1450 6 0.069 0 — 6 2 2065 2054 6 0.052 0 6 —


For water and soil conservation and water pollution control, it is very important to simulate and predict the load of sediment and pollutant during storm-runoff. On the basis of analyzing the simultaneous measurements of flow, sediment and pollutants observed at watershed outlet, a practical sediment yield model is developed by standardizing the load rate. The results show that the standardized pollutant yield equals effective rainfall and the process of effective load yield is the same as effective rainfall hyetograph. Comparison with measured data show that this model is applicable to various pollutants.


Watermarking is commonly used technique in which, information is enforced to prove ownership on different types of data such as image, audio, video, text and relational database. There are many watermarking techniques for databases. Social network data are being mined for extracting knowledge and patterns. Such data are composed by different researchers and organizations and this are usually also shared via different channels. These data is usually big in volume because there are millions of social network users all over the world. Ownership protection of such data with huge volume becomes relevant. Digital watermarking is a more demanding solution than any other technique for ensuring rights protection and integrity of the original data sets. The leading objective is to devise a reversible watermarking technique for the social network data to prove ownership rights and also provide a mechanism for data recovery. Robustness of the proposed technique is evaluated through attack analysis using experimental study Keyword : Database, digital watermarking, reversible watermarking, integrity of relational data.....


How can new technologies facilitate teacher"s planning and practice? This was the question that motivated this study, with the main purpose of encouraging teachers from the first grades of the Elementary School to use the Complementary Collection, books which schools have because of Ministério da Educação initiatives. Thus, considering the new technologies as tools, under the Professional Master in Teaching extent, it aimed to develop a software called PLANPED Pedagogical Planning, structured as a database to be chosen during the teachers" planning. The relevance of this proposal was due to the possibilities of speeding up bureaucratic issues and to increase the interest in working with children"s literary books in the classroom. The research was set up, methodologically, as an action research, combining bibliographic, analytical and applied characteristics. Served as theoretical basis the studies of Farias et al. (2011) and Luckesi (2002) on the pedagogical planning; Cosson (2009), Machado (2011), Bajard (2007), among others, on reading; and Kenski (2003) on new technologies applied to education. As by-products were developed Lesson Plans models, which arranged the work with content and the reading mediation, as well as training papers that supported the blended course taught about the subject. It was also created a website to publicize the digital program PLANPED and to share materials produced by the research participants. In this dissertation, therefore, it"s presented initiatives in an attempt to combine new technologies to the pedagogical work that aims the school literacy practices, highlighting the teacher functions as a reading godfather and a writing master.


High concentrations of chironomid head capsules in late-glacial and early Holocene sediments from Rotsee, a lake in Central Switzerland, provide an excellent opportunity to study past climatic change and its effects on biota. Chironomids (non-biting midges) have been widely used as palaeoecological indicators of environmental change. In this study, we are testing the potential of these chitinous microfossils as a proxy to produce d18O records.


In our work, defective soliton crystals were observed for the first time in silicon nitride microresonators, and their generation dynamics caused by continuous-wave background and mode crossing conditions were numerically simulated. Extended background waves are incorporated into the soliton waveform circulating in the resonator, increasing or decreasing the efficiency of comb formation. A greater number of solitons emerge from the chaos due to the mode crossing, and the thermal stability of the soliton crystal is improved. The spectrum produced by the interference between solitons has a flat top in the C-band, and the conversion efficiency can reach ~10%. By introducing the time-varying local dispersion into the perturbed Lugiato-Lefever equation for modeling, the simulation results verify that the defective soliton crystal is a steady-state solution. This result will facilitate meeting more applications of defective soliton crystals in integrated photonic systems.


Speech recognition systems have significantly improved performance with cloud computing technology [1] and application of artificial intelligence [2]. The cloud-based speech recognition engine addresses the difficulties of developing speech recognition systems. By collecting large amount of speech data for development of speech recognition system, high performance computer for learning large volume speech data is not needed. Cloud-based speech recognition Open API has saved a lot of time, effort, and money to develop an applied speech recognition system. The improved performance and ease of development of speech recognition systems are being applied in a variety of areas. Speech recognition systems are largely divided into pre-processing and recognition units [3]. The recognition unit makes a word for the extracted speech information of the speech. The process of creating words either uses pronouncing dictionaries according to the characteristics of the speech recognition system [4–6], using information through deep learning of vocal information without pronouncing dictionaries [7,8]. The speech recognition system should accurately recognize phonological changes regardless of whether a pronouncing dictionary exists. In the speech recognition process, meaningful sentences should be made in terms of syllables by finding the exact morphemes. Therefore, assessing the recognition rate of speech recognition systems for phonological rules will help to understand the characteristics of speech recognition systems. This study aims to explore the characteristics of cloud-based speech recognition system's application of phonological rules and to present the criteria for selecting a high-performance cloud-based Open API for developing an applied speech recognition system. This study conducted a study on continuous speech recognition performance evaluation in accordance with the Korean phonological rules of the cloud-based speech recognition Open API. The composition of the paper described the related research on Korean phonological rules and cloud-based speech recognition Open API in Chapter 2, and Chapter 3 described experiment methods and test results as experiments. Chapter 4 summarizes the evaluation and meaning of experimental results and describes future research tasks.


A study concerning the effect of fiber orientation on the thermal conductivity of a uniaxial carbon-fiber-reinforced borosilicate glass was conducted. For thin specimens, and thick specimens with specimen sides cut parallel to the fiber direction, the dependence of thermal conductivity on fiber orientation showed excellent agreement with theoretical behavior predicted for a composite infinite in extent. In contrast, the thermal conductivity data for rectangular thick specimens fell well below the data for the thin and angled specimens. For fiber orientation of 45° and higher, at which the heat was directed toward the side of the specimen rather than across, the thermal conductivity values showed excellent agreement with theoretical behavior predicted for a finite composite strip with insulated sides.


Magnetic flow meters are used to measure the flow rate of a liquid in a closed pipeline. This type of meter is becoming increasingly popular for measurement with agriculture applications. Electromagnetic meters were tested by the Irrigation Training and Research Center in pipelines located less than the 10 diameters upstream of disturbances with good results. Results show that location guidelines for placing a magnetic meter can be decreased even for turbulent conditions. This paper will discuss how a magnetic flow meter works, advantages and disadvantages of this type of meter, test results, and new guidelines for field applications. INTRODUCTION The accuracy and long-term success of any flow measurement program depends on many factors. Magnetic flow measurement is rapidly becoming the technique of choice in pipelines because of its simplicity and accuracy. However, the application of this technology has been limited in the past because of standard practice guidelines for magnetic flow meters, which have required installing the meters in a straight section of pipe at least 8-10 pipe diameters from any source of turbulence. In addition, standard practice recommends having at least two pipe diameters of straight unobstructed pipe downstream from the meter. However, in the case of many irrigation pumping plants, turnouts, and deliveries, these conditions can rarely be met without extensive and expensive modifications. Therefore, the Irrigation Training and Research Center (ITRC) at Cal Poly State University San Luis Obispo is currently investigating electromagnetic flow meters for potential applications under non-standard conditions. Several current manufacturers claim that their magnetic meters can perform well even in locations where only two diameter lengths of straight pipe are available. Testing was done by the ITRC on several magnetic meters at the Cal Poly Water Resources Facility to evaluate comments by the manufacturers and to make recommendations to irrigation districts and growers interested in this new technology. This research was conducted to determine: The accuracy of the magnetic meters in locations that are less than optimal The sensitivity of meters to increasing amounts of turbulence Since this research was conducted, there have been numerous field installations of magnetic meters in various irrigation applications in California. The general consensus is that they are working well. Presented at the May 17-21, 2009, World Environmental and Water Resources Congress in Kansas City, Missouri. http://www.itrc.org/papers/magmeter09.htm ITRC Paper No. P 09-002 Magnetic Meters According to Faraday's Law, a voltage will be induced proportional to the velocity of a conductor as it moves at right angles through a magnetic field. The water in the pipe is the conductor. By simply measuring the voltage, a magnetic meter is able to calculate the volume of the liquid passing through a controlled section. Faraday's Formula: E is proportional to V x B x D E = The voltage generated in a conductor V = The velocity of the conductor B = The magnetic field strength D = The length of the conductor This principle works for irrigation water passing through the magnetic field generated by the magnetic meter since the water acts as the conductor. The basic operating principle for magnetic meters is illustrated in Figure 1. Note that this discussion is limited to full-bore or in-line magnetic meters. There are several other types of meters on the market but this type is the one that was evaluated. Figure 1. Operating principle for full-bore magnetic meter (Omega 2009) As seen in Figure 2, there are two electrodes located inside the magnetic meter to measure the induced voltage. The flow rate/totalizer indicator is located on the top of the unit. These units can be placed at any angle. It is recommended that they be rotated so that one of the electrodes does not sit on the bottom of the pipe. This helps prevent problems from sediment covering the electrode. Note that on the unit in Figure 2, the magnetic field is generated by an insert unit into the pipeline. Some manufacturers install the coils to generate the magnetic field outside of the spool piece. Presented at the May 17-21, 2009, World Environmental and Water Resources Congress in Kansas City, Missouri. http://www.itrc.org/papers/magmeter09.htm ITRC Paper No. P 09-002 Figure 2. View of typical magnetic meter (SeaMetrics 2009) Advantages of Magnetic Meters Highly accurate even with some flow disturbance. No headloss caused by meter. Is not impacted by trash, sediment, or sand. Can measure a wide range of velocity. This is a key criterion in areas that have seasonal high flows combined with very low flows. Has instantaneous and volumetric totalizing capability. Measurement accuracy is NOT affected by varying canal water levels. Minimal maintenance required. Temperature of the liquid has no effect on accuracy. Disadvantages of Magnetic Meters Cost is a major constraint. Recently the cost has dropped dramatically, but this is still the most expensive option in some cases. Pipe must be full (as is the case in most agricultural applications). Installation into existing sites is often difficult and expensive. Sensitivity to turbulence. Turbulence and Magnetic Meters Magnetic meters have been considered particularly tricky for pumping plants and turnouts, because of the meter's sensitivity to turbulence. For example, one of the main problems associated with turnouts is the turbulence that occurs just downstream of the gate. Figure 3 shows a typical turnout application with a magnetic meter. Presented at the May 17-21, 2009, World Environmental and Water Resources Congress in Kansas City, Missouri. http://www.itrc.org/papers/magmeter09.htm ITRC Paper No. P 09-002 Figure 3. Conceptual sketch of magnetic meter installation for turnouts (not to scale) In 1998, Hanson and Schwankl published results from non-optimal flow meter testing in their paper Error Analysis of Flowmeter Measurements. Pipeline measurements were taken with different types of flow meters to determine the effects on error resulting from different degrees of turbulence caused by elbows, check valves, and a partially opened check valve. Measurements were made at 2, 5, 10, and 15 pipe diameters downstream from the source of turbulence. The results from Hanson and Schwankl (1998) indicated that for generally acceptable accuracy with propeller meters, pitot meters, and Doppler meters, measurements should be taken upstream of valves. The tests found that in some circumstances even with as little as 2 or 5 pipe diameters upstream of a flow meter, there were still large errors with all meters under conditions of severe turbulence. Since most applications require the flow measurement downstream of a valve or turnout gate, manufacturers have recently claimed that their magnetic flow meter technology is now able to work effectively in situations where there is as little as two diameters of pipe length available. ITRC tested several magnetic meters at the Cal Poly Water Resources Facility to investigate these claims.


This paper numerically simulated the draft tube of the Three Gorge's prototype power unit using similar boundary condition and different turbulence models and compared the results. Additionally, this paper analyzed the considerable difference during the course of modeling using different turbulence model which produced the different results. It is reasonable to use the non-steady RNS turbulence model for simulating dynamic flow of draft tube.


A SINGLE, dead cornstalk, bent and frozen in the February wind, was the only thing that broke the shroud of snow covering the field. A solitary tree, naked and black against the clouds moving low and fast over the Iowa farmland, held the cold silhouette of a crow. The lone bird, breaking into flight, shook loose the last leaves remaining from fall...


This work is about presenting the weave in a new and different context, by bringing textile and glass together. The work is characterized by material and shape experiments with silver and copper we ...


Teneng village, Cinangka village has an area of 711,110 Ha. The land is intended for the land of public, social, residential, agricultural, plantation and most land for fisheries because the geographical location of the Cinangka village is close to the coast. This area is including potential earthquake and even tsunami. From this basis, the aim of the Community Service Program is to provide a real life rescue education program to improve the understanding of village community skills in disaster preparedness. The partner of this activity is the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD), the problem faced is that the public does not know the correct procedures for self-rescue against disasters, has not been able to control the panic of a sudden and impending disaster. The method of implementing this service is through (1) Surveying through observation, interviews, and analysis of village problems and potentials, (2) Counseling and simulation of disaster response. The result of this program is to increase the community's knowledge and skills regarding disaster preparedness and to be able to exercise self-control from the fear of disasters to be able to reduce disaster victims. The program is also expected to facilitate the community of information and skills in disaster preparedness.


Background: Wireless power transfer is important for energizing and recharging the Internet-of-Things (IoT) cordlessly. Harnessing energy effectively from radio waves has become a crucial task. It is known that diversities at the transmitting antenna and waves (i.e. simultaneous continuous waves with center frequencies separated apart) can enhance the radio frequency (RF) to direct current (DC) energy conversion. What remains unknown is the extent of which the wave diversity enhances the conversion gain. This study attempts to examine the RF-to-DC conversion gain of applying wave diversity. This paper investigates the effects of wave diversity on the energy conversion efficiency, and contributes the analytical expression that relate the conversion efficiency to the diversity count, i.e. the number of simultaneously transmitted sinewaves. Methods: We adopted a theoretical approach to the problem. First, we derived and presented a theoretical model that incorporated different forms of transmit diversity, i.e. antenna and wave diversities. This model then connected a RF-to-DC energy conversion model resulting from polynomial fitting on circuit simulation results. With the availability of these two models, we determined the theoretical energy conversion gain of simultaneously transmitting multiple sinewaves. Results: The results showed that transmitting multiple sinewaves simultaneously yields diversity gain and higher energy conversion efficiency. Most importantly, the gain and conversion efficiency can now be theoretically quantified. For example, at certain RF power measured at the receiver circuit, the diversity gain of transmitting four sinewaves is 2.6 (as compared to transmitting single sinewave). In fact, both the diversity gain and conversion efficiency increased with the number of simultaneously transmitted sinewaves. In another example, the conversion efficiency of transmitting four sinewaves is 0.1 as compared to 0.075 of two sinewaves. Conclusions: In summary, this paper presents a novel analytical expression for wave diversity in the context of wireless power transfer. Open Peer Review Reviewer Status AWAITING PEER REVIEW Any reports and responses or comments on the article can be found at the end of the article. Page 1 of 9 F1000Research 2021, 10:916 Last updated: 18 SEP 2021


eczema herpeticum. Stern et al. (1959) described a type of acute whitlow, a form of cross-infection in hospitals, caused by the same virus. Gardner et al. (1962) studied the association of virus infection and intussusception in childhood. In two cases of recurrent intussusception herpes simplex was isolated and it was thought this might be a causal factor. Another interesting manifestation of herpetic infection is erythema multiforme, and the above case is an example. Though a viral cause for erythema multiforme has been considered by many dermatologists, evidence on this point is lacking. In published reports there are only two references. Herpes labialis is a common accompaniment of erythema multiforme and herpes simplex virus has been isolated on occasion both from vesicles (Foerster and Scott, 1958) and from the lungs (Finland et al., 1948). It seems quite likely that some cases of erythema multiforme exudativum are secondary in some way to infection with herpes simplex virus ; although, of course, one cannot exclude the possibility that the herpes simplex is secondary to erythema multiforme exudativum. The fact that the herpes simplex infection usually precedes this erythema multiforme exudativum perhaps supports the former hypothesis.


This study will investigate how Member States are introducing reforms to ensure that monetary social benefits reach those most in need, and, in the face of restricted budgets, how effective the implementation of these reforms is. The first part of the study will identify and describe gaps between eligibility and take-up of various monetary social benefits, the groups most effected by non-take-up, and the main barriers to accessing benefits. The second part will explore how welfare systems and initiatives by governments and NGOs have promoted effective take-up of benefits and describes the experiences of providers and beneficiaries.

The importance of the topic is highlighted by the European Commission's Social Investment Package (SIP), which calls for each MS to invest more in the proper design, implementation and assessment of social policies. Measures can be compensatory or preventative and may seek to improve take-up through changing the system and delivery, or by improving beneficiaries' individual capabilities in accessing benefits.

The study will document the efficiency as well as the effectiveness of four recent measures to improve the take-up of monetary benefits for vulnerable groups. In particular, it will describe at least one recent initiative that aimed to remove inefficiencies by simplifying claim procedures and at least one other measure that effectively improved access to benefits and the actual take-up of benefits (where the focus may be less on efficiency).

Lot 3 covers 15 countries (Austria, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Slovakia, Slovenia) that are in a middle position in terms of benefit recipiency rates and benefit amounts between "elitist" Southern Member States and "universalist" Nordic states, according to Oorschot (2013). The impact of the welfare system on poverty (measured as the percentage reduction in the poverty rate when comparing poverty before and after transfers) shows considerable variation across these countries (Table 1). The Southern and the Baltic states within the group tend to perform poorly (similarly to Spain or Romania), while Austria, France, Ireland and the Visegrad countries are relatively effective in reducing poverty (similarly to Denmark or Sweden).


AbstractLagrangian ocean drifters provide highly accurate approximations of ocean surface currents but are sparsely located across the globe. As drifters passively follow ocean currents, there is m...


tations leading to a democratic revolution that extended political rights to both sexes, something the French and American revolutions had not done' (p. 236). It was not just the collapse of tsarism and the gradual erosion of liberal opposition to female suffrage that paved the way for Russian women to be given the right to vote and to stand in elections for public office in July 1917, it was women's activism itself. The book is based on the close reading of an extensive and impressive list of materials, with primary sources including Russian national and a range of international archives, as well as contemporary women's magazines and journals, which were often issued in small print runs and were short-lived in terms of their publication history. Ruthchild also engages with and updates some of the existing western historiography on the emergence of Russian feminism and the turn of the twentieth-century women's rights movements, but she has now added an important corrective to the established historiographical debates on the role of women in the Russian revolution. The book's bibliography alone provides an invaluable listing of works on pre-revolutionary Russian women's history, and the volume also includes several pages of illustrations, some of which are photographic portraits of the narrative's main protagonists. There are one or two aspects of the book that would perhaps have benefited from slightly more judicious editing. We are told several times, for example, about the early success of the Finnish women's suffrage campaigns and about Aleksandra Kollontai's affiliation to the Mensheviks before 1917, and I would have liked to have seen some of the book's central arguments pushed a little further. Nevertheless, for those with some existing knowledge of the topic under review, Ruthchild's study adds more flesh to the bones of the story and provides an important corrective to the orthodox historiographical accounts of pre-revolutionary feminism. Readers new to the topic will find this book an engaging account of a critical period in Russian, twentieth-century and women's history.


This paper analyses the reproductive strategies of a modular organism by means of demographic analysis of its reproductive units. The buds of the reproductive structure of Retama sphaerocarpa (L.) Boiss., a perennial shrub with a simple modular structure, were considered as 'individuals' of a population of modules within each individual plant. The development of the buds leads to the production of subpopulations of new units (inflorescences, flowers, fruits) of a lower hierarchical level. Fitness and hierarchical fitness (defined by the integration of developmental hierarchical levels in the plant) were analysed at the shoot module level, starting from the analogy provided by classical population dynamics and taking into account the different subpopulations of modules that take part in the reproductive process. Consideration of the dynamics of such subpopulations reveals the way in which demographic strategies partitioning the reproductive effort are exerted throughout the plant, and their consequences for fitness. The analysis of the reproductive process in R. sphaerocarpa shows a critical developmental transition from flowering to fruiting buds, which is a consequence of a low survival rate of the subpopulation of flowers. Despite the specificity of the empirical information used in this investigation, the fitness analyses proposed in this paper are fully applicable to any hierarchically-structured biological system, either modular or unitary.


Online learning is nothing new, it was already prevalent. With the COVID-19 pandemic, schools and colleges had to shift from physical classrooms to remote classrooms. Powered through the use of the internet, video conferencing software(s), and other suit(s) of online tools, online teaching
 and learning is the new normal mode of education. This paper aims to discuss the benefits, the disadvantages, the classroom environment, and factors affecting evaluation in the online mode of education.


We consider a model when private banks with interbank cash flows as in (Carmona, Fouque, Sun, 2013) borrow from the outside economy at a certain interest rate, controlled by the central bank, and invest in risky assets. The cash flow between private banks is also facilitated by the central bank. Each private bank aims to maximize its expected terminal logarithmic utility. The central bank, in turn, aims to control the overall size of financial system, and the rate of circulation between banks. A default occurs when the net worth of a bank goes below a certain threshold. We consider systemic risk by studying probability of a certain number of defaults over fixed finite time horizon.


Novel coronavirus pneumonia is an acute, infectious pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus infection. Computed tomographic (CT) imaging is one of the main methods to screen and diagnose patients with this disease. Here, the importance and clinical value of chest CT examination in the
 diagnosis of COVID-19 is expounded, and the pulmonary CT findings of COVID-19 patients in different stages are briefly summarized, thus providing a reference document for the CT diagnosis of COVID-19 patients.


Experimental measurements on heat transfer and flow properties and CFD simulations based on the two-fluid model (Eulerian-Eulerian approach) were performed in a draft tube continuous spouted bed system. The simulated results on the gas-particle flow patterns and the temperature distribution in the bed agreed well with our experimental data. INTRODUCTION Unit operations involving granular materials such as conveying, drying, heating, and cooling of solids, etc., have been used significantly in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Among them, the drying process can be highlighted, since it is one of the critical steps in obtaining a high quality and stable product. Perhaps the fluidized bed is one of the most popular dryers due to its high efficiency when working with fine particles. However, for large particles (dp > 1mm), fluidized beds present poor fluidization conditions (1), resulting in preferred bubble pathways that decrease the homogeneity of the bed. Another frequently used dryer is the spouted bed (2 – 4) due to its high heat and mass transfer rates and good mixing of the solid phase. It is generally applied to operations with large particles (dp > 1mm) where fluidized beds are not efficient (1). Spouted beds can be operated in both batch and continuous conditions. The continuous mode has some important advantages such as higher production capacity and lower operating costs. In this configuration, the particles are generally fed in the system at the top of the annulus region, resulting in high temperature gradients in the bed (5). Alternatively, the particles can be fed at the bottom of the bed (5), which has the advantage of keeping the axial symmetry. Knowledge of the flow patterns and the temperature distribution in spouted beds is important in the search of a more energy efficient dryer. It requires not just experimental measurements, but also the use of theoretical models to describe the 1 Rosa et al.: NUMERICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STEADY STATE FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER IN Published by ECI Digital Archives, 2010 2 variables that are difficult to obtain experimentally. In the literature, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been applied to different fluidsolid processes, including multi-type particle systems (6, 7). Furthermore, the CFD approach has been applied to simulate conventional and draft tube batch spouted beds (8-13). Da Rosa and Freire (14) used a CFD model to describe the fluid dynamics of a draft tube continuous spouted bed. In this study, a two-fluid model (Eulerian-Eulerian approach) and the conservation of energy equation were used to simulate the fluid dynamics and heat transfer between the gas and the particles in a continuous draft tube spouted bed. The effective conductivity of the particulate phase was considered as a function of the particles concentration. Two different Nusselt number correlations (15,16) were used to calculate the heat transfer coefficient between the phases. The simulated results were compared with the experimental data obtained for the fluid temperature in the draft tube and annulus sections of the bed as well as for the solids outlet temperature. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE The experiments were carried out at a constant air inlet temperature of 80 oC and air inlet velocity of 20 m/s. Glass beads were used as a particulate phase, the physical properties of which are described in Table 1. Particles were fed to the system at a mass flow rate of 0.086 kg/s and 25oC. Air temperature measurements were performed in the draft tube and annulus at different radial and axial positions. Protected thermocouples connected to a data acquisition system were used to measure the air temperature. The solids outlet temperature was measured by collecting the solids in an adiabatic container equipped with a thermocouple. All of the experiments were performed in triplicate. Table 1. Glass beads physical properties. Property Description Value dp (mm) Particle diameter 3.7 ρp (kg/m) Solids density 2500 αs,lim (-) Packing limit 0.59 cp(J/kg K) Specific heat 760 kp (W/m K) Heat conductivity 1.05 Figure 1 shows the experimental setup.


SMARCB1 (INI1/BAF47/SNF5) encodes a part of a multiprotein complex that regulates gene expression through chromatin remodeling. SMARCB1 expression is lost or downregulated in multiple human tumors, including epithelioid sarcoma, meningioma and rhabdoid tumors of the brain, soft tissue and kidney.


Abstract The study of the phase of reflections of Ρ waves off the base of Ice Streams Β and C, and Ridge BC, indicates that acoustic impedances of the beds of both ice streams vary laterally. In some places, the impedance is higher than in the ice (a high-impedance bed) and in some places it is less (a low-impedance bed). The estimated impedances in a dilated bed (porosity 0.4) and in a model of the lowermost ice that takes into account the relatively low P-wave speed in ice at or very near the melting point are nearly the same. Whether the impedance in the bed is greater or less than in the ice could depend on minor changes in the nature of the sediments composing the bed, or the physical state of the bed (e.g. porosity) that could occur laterally. Lateral variations of this kind provide a ready explanation for the observations on Ice Stream B. The bed under a substantial part of Ice Stream C that exhibits a low-impedance bed also must be dilated. The evaluation of the state of the bed under the rest of Ice Stream C and on Ridge BC requires further analysis, which is in progress.


Marko Buljevac Petra Liber Antonela Previšić QUALITY OF LIFE OF ADULTS WITH INTELLECTUAL DIFFICULTIES AND THEIR PARENTS: INSIGHTS AND SPECIFICITIES ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to summarize and explore certain specificities of individual domains of the quality of life of adults with intellectual difficulties and their parents. The paper presents, describes and discusses insights into and specificities of personal development, self-determination, interpersonal relations, social inclusion, rights, emotional well-being, physical well-being and material well-being of adults with intellectual difficulties, as well as physical health, psychological health, social relations and environment of the parents of adults with intellectual difficulties. The aforementioned domains with related indicators show the quality of life of the families of persons with intellectual difficulties who are frequent users of the formal support system. The quality of life of adults with intellectual difficulties and their parents is determined through different subjective and objective indicators, and it is affected by variousfactors,such assupport,social networks, formalsupportsystem, but also by certain characteristics of individuals. Persons with intellectual difficulties influence the quality of life of their parents, and the parents affect the quality of life of their adult children with intellectual difficulties. The quality of life represents an important concept in work with families of persons with intellectual difficulties and it should be determined in order to gain an insight into the lives of adults with intellectual difficulties and their parents, but also as a feedback about the support provided within the formal support system. Keywords: quality of life; quality of life domains; quality of life of adults with intellectual difficulties; quality of life of the parents of adults with intellectual difficulties


The invention relates to an electromagnetic fan clutch of a vehicle, a manufacturing method of the electromagnetic fan clutch, an insert and a manufacturing method of the insert. The insert disclosed by the invention is used for the electromagnetic fan clutch comprising a bearing base and a bearing, wherein the outer surface of the insert is matched with the bearing base, the inner surface of the insert is matched with the bearing, and a clearance can be filled with the insert when the clearance between the bearing base and the bearing is changed. The manufacturing method of the insert, disclosed by the invention, comprises the following steps of: supplying raw materials of the insert; smashing the raw materials of the insert and adding a plasticiser for mixing; placing the compound into a mould for compression moulding; and placing the moulded insert into a sintering furnace for sintering. The electromagnetic fan clutch is formed by the insert disclosed by the invention. The manufacturing method of the electromagnetic fan clutch comprises the following steps of: embedding and casting the insert into the bearing base of a fan fixing plate and pressing the bearing to the inner circumference surface of the insert.


In order to analyze the diffusion characteristics of the hydrogen cloud during a liquid hydrogen leakage accident, the Matlab calculation program of liquid hydrogen leakage and diffusion was compiled based on the Gaussian diffusion theory, and analyzed the influence of wind speed, pressure, leakage area and other factors on the size of the dangerous area after liquid hydrogen leakage.The calculation results show that: the wind speed accelerates the diffusion, and the higher the wind speed, the stronger the dilution effect on the hydrogen cloud, and the smaller the dangerous area formed; the increase of pressure and leakage port area will increase the leakage of liquid hydrogen, and as a result, the scope of the dangerous area is increased.


Introduction: The traditional development processes use a quality by testing (QbT) approach that needs continuous testing to determine quality. Such processes are fixed, averse to change, and focus only on process reproducibility. This approach does not allow variation in material and process controls. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional process, regulatory bodies have issued guidelines for the industries to improve the understanding of the process and the quality of the product. It aims to shift from traditional process QbT to a scientific approach quality by design (QbD) to assure product quality in the pharmaceutical industry.
Methodology: Articles related to QbD published in many search engines such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed were reviewed.
Review Findings: In order to ensure the quality of pharmaceutical products, regulatory bodies have emphasized on the implementation of QbD. For this, various guidelines have been published from time to time. The Indian pharmaceutical industry has started to apply the principles of QbD. Implementation of QbD develops a detailed understanding of the manufacturing process. The design space is achieved by QbD within which the expected quality is achieved even with changes in process parameters.
Conclusion: In short, the QbD approach is a great tool for assuring pharmaceutical product quality and better understanding of the manufacturing process. Therefore, it is imperative to have a successful implementation of the QbD approach.


Abstract A rare-earth 6kW interior PM machine has been examined as a concept demonstrator for a high power automotive alternator. This machine has a high magnet flux density resulting in strong cross-saturation, and operates with high stator currents resulting in heavy saturation. It is desired to improve the machine design to reduce both saturation effects and hence increase the output power, particularly at low speeds. This paper examines the effect of saturation and cross-saturation on the output power, and uses finite-element analysis to model the machine flux-linkage curves. The finite-element results were verified against the experimental results.


Three new aromatic sesquiterpenes have been isolated from a Halichondria sp, found off the Western Australian coast. Evidence is presented for the structure of (1'Z)- and (1'E)-2-(1',5'-dimethylhexa- 4'-dienyl)-5-methylbenzene-1,4-diol and of (1'E)-2-(1',5'-dimethylhexa-1',4'-dienyl)-5-methyl-phenyl acetate.


To the Editor : The following abstract prepared by Dr. Agnes Schweitzer is forwarded to you in the belief that it adds another arguement against liberalized abortions and points out that such procedures may lead to an increased incidence of premature births. Abortion is legal and medicine is socialized in Hungary. For this reason, any data issued from there on this subject is likely to be very close to the true figures, both as to numbers involved and as to possible complications when abortions are performed under medically satisfactory circumstances. The rate of premature birth as a percentage of all live births has increased annually in Hungary from 7.75% in 1956 to 9.68% in 1961. In Budapest, the prematurity rate was over 14% in 1962. Those rates are different from those in East Germany (5.5%) and England (6.1-6.3%) although these countries have undergone the same industrialization and urbanization as has Hungary. Facts


Background: Epsilon wave is a major criteria for arrhythmogenic right ventricular (RV) dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C). We sought to study systematically characteristics of Epsilon wave in ARVD/C patients from the southern Chinese population.


Around the figure of the 'brown skin gal' — the Caribbean woman of mixed race — float many associations, some flattering, some detrimental. Several of them are implicit in the innocent words of a popular song of the 1950s: Brown skin gal, stay home and mind baby ... I'm going away in a sailing boat And if I don't come back Stay home and mind baby. This journal article is available in Kunapipi: https://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol26/iss1/3


A double-blind study of combined restriction of thiamin, riboflavin and vitamins B-6 and С was carried out with 23 healthy males. During 8 weeks of low vitamin intake, 12 deficient subjects consumed daily a diet of normal food products, providing at most 34.2% of the Dutch Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B-6 and vitamin С Other vitamins were supplemented at twice the RDA. Eleven control subjects consumed the same diet supplemented with twice the RDA for all vitamins. In deficient subjects blood vitamin levels, urinary vitamin excretion and erythrocytic enzyme activities decreased, and in vitro erythrocytic enzyme stimulation increased. Vitamin depletion had no detrimental effects on health, physical activity or mental performance. A decrease of 9.8% and 19.6% (/<0.01) was found for aerobic power (VC^-max) and onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA), respectively. It is concluded that a combined restricted intake of thiamin, riboflavin and vitamins B-6 and С causes a decrease in physical performance within a few weeks.


An apparatus for implementing a CRBT(Coloring Ring Back Tone) service, a method thereof and an apparatus for acquiring the CRBT file are provided to update the CRBT file which a subscriber listens to at real time. A first receive module(11) receives CRBT access information. A channel management module(12) determines the CRBT file according to the CRBT access information. The channel management module comprises a determination sub-module, a real-time CRBT information sub module and a real-time CRBT module. According to the crystallization sub module is the CRBT access information, the real-time CRBT service is used. According to the real-time CRBT information sub module is the CRBT access information, the real-time CRBT information is determined. A playback module(13) reproduces the real-time CRBT file.


The probabilities of bimolecular chemical reactions are studied, taking account of vibrational transitions. A special curvilinear coordinate system is introduced, coinciding with the normal vibrational modes of reactants or products in the asymptotic regions and describing their gradual transformation along the reaction coordinate. It provides a generalization of a two-dimensional 'natural collision coordinate system' introduced by Marcus. In terms of these coordinates a model hamiltonian is defined, neglecting the curvature of the reaction coordinate and with a special potential, for which an exact adiabatic solution is found. Using its eigenfunctions as a basic, the Born perturbation expansion is given, being capable of treating vibrational transitions in the course of the elementary reaction act and including the curvature as a perturbation. The zero-order adiabatic hamiltonian is in fact that of the activated complex theory.


Several carboxymethyl-chitosan (CMCS) samples with different deacetylation degree and/or substituted degree were prepared from the carboxymethylation reaction of chitosan under soft conditions. The products were dissolved in standard HCl aqueous solution to carry out potentiometric titration by using NaOH as titrating solution at different ionic strengths. Then the dissociation behaviors of protonated carboxyl and amine groups were investigated under their degree of dissociation (α) and protonation constant (pKα) had been calculated. Moreover, influences of the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters on the dissociation behavior of CMCS were also considered in this article. As a result, dissociations of carboxyl and amine on CMCS exhibited unusual behaviors in comparison with carboxyl of carboxymethyl-cellulose and amine groups of chitosan, respectively. The pKα values of carboxyl declined slightly at early dissociation stage but subsequently maintained constant. In contrast, the pKα of ammonium increased with its dissociation degree despite that there was an inflexed change on its dissociation curve. The potentiometric behavior of carboxyl was hardly affected by variation of deacetylation degree or substituted degree. However, these intrinsic parameters played more important role on dissociations of ammonium on CMCS. The ionic strength of media could bring screening effect on dissociaciation of both sorts of ionizable groups of CMCS. By increasing the ionic strength of media, screening effect on dissociations increased significantly. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1419–1429, 2008


We live in a universe filled with galaxies with an amazing variety of sizes and shapes. One of the biggest challenges for astronomers working in this field is to understand how all these types relate to each other in the background of an expanding universe. Modern astronomical surveys (like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey) have revolutionised this field of astronomy, by providing vast numbers of galaxies to study. The sheer size of the these databases made traditional visual classification of the types galaxies impossible and in 2007 inspired the Galaxy Zoo project (www.galaxyzoo.org); starting the largest ever scientific collaboration by asking members of the public to help classify galaxies by type and shape. Galaxy Zoo has since shown itself, in a series of now more than 30 scientific papers, to be a fantastic database for the study of galaxy evolution. In this Invited Discourse I spoke a little about the historical background of our understanding of what galaxies are, of galaxy classification, about our modern view of galaxies in the era of large surveys. I finish with showcasing some of the contributions galaxy classifications from the Galaxy Zoo project are making to our understanding of galaxy evolution. 1. What are Galaxies? To say our understanding of the "zoo" of galaxies that are found in our Universe has changed a lot over the last century or two is a bit of an understatement. In 1845 the state of the art picture of an external galaxy, was an image of M51, or the Whirlpool galaxy drawn by William Parsons, Third Earl of Rosse (1800-1867), looking through what at the time was the largest telescope in the world the "Leviathon of Parsontown" at his castle in Ireland (Left panel Figure 1; for a discussion of the history of picture see Steinicke 2012), At the time no-one fully understood that this was an external galaxy made of billions of stars. Although one of the motivations Parson is said to have had to build the telescope, was to resolve structure in distant nebula to see if they could be "island universe", rather similar in structure to our own galactic home. Today we have images of millions of galaxies from large surveys like the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (e.g. the last imaging release in Data Release Eight, Aihara et al. 2011), and extraordinarily high resolution images of hundreds of galaxies, including the Whirlpool, from the Hubble Space Telescope (Fig 1, right), as well as information on galaxies extending back more than half of the age of our Universe. It took a long time for astronomers to understand that stars in the universe are organized in collections we now call galaxies. I can't help thinking that it was a major leap in understanding for astronomers to connect the uneven distribution of stars in the night sky with the three-dimensional structure of the galaxy that we live in. The first published example of this idea is the map shown in Figure 2, published by William Herschel in 1785 (Herschel 1785), and based on star counts made by himself and his sister Caroline. This diagram demonstrates an understanding of the Galaxy as a collection of stars, and while there is a a lot wrong with it (for example the Sun is at the centre, and the whole thing 1 ar X iv :1 30 3. 71 18 v1 [ as tr oph .C O ] 2 8 M ar 2 01 3


In both industrialized as well as emerging countries compatibility of work and family gains importance. Thus, organizations increasingly aim to support employees in managing their work-family balan...


Test accommodation is often requested to assess the learning outcomes and abilities of students with developmental disabilities. Evidence-based decision making is required for choosing appropriate test accommodations. The purpose of this article is to present guidelines for practice and directions for future research on test accommodations. A review of recent studies revealed that extended examination time is effective for students with developmental disabilities. Using personal computers for essay examinations is effective only if a student ' s typing skills are sufficient. Some research showed that it might take longer to take an examination with presentation accommodations such as larger print. Separate room accommodation is effective for some students but negatively effects others. Individual differences may be the reason for inconsistent research results and for making the selection of test accommodations difficult. Careful assessment of functional impairment is necessary for both practice and research.


Background: To evaluate the effects of celecoxib, in combination with oxaliplatin, on tumour growth, cell apoptosis and angiogenesis in nude mice models. Materials and Methods: Xenograft mice model of colon cancer was established using the BALB/c nude mice. Medicine was administered respectively in different groups. Tumour volumes, the expression level of survivin, beta-catenin, VEGF mRNA level, the microvessel density and cell apoptosis were measured. Results: Celecoxib, oxaliplatin and combination use caused a tumour inhibition of 35%, 31% and 63% respectively. Compared with control group, a significant redation of angiogenesis and the levels of COX-2, survivin and beta-cantenin protein, and increase of cell apoptosis were detected in tumors in celecoxib group. Celecoxib in combination with oxaliplatin could further promote cell apoptosis and reduce beta-catenin protein expression. Conclusion: Celecoxib could inhibit tumor growth and enhance the antitumor effects of oxaliplatin through their synergistic role in inhibiting different targets.


From the basketball teaching characteristic and the student psychology characteristic's angle,combined with teaching practice,we discuss briefly the question of how to enhance teaching effect using the attention rule in university basketball teaching.The paper focuses on the analysis of the involuntary attention and voluntary attention rules in teaching organization,and their transformation and utilization as well.


There are no consensus guidelines on the management of catheter‐related right atrial thrombus. We present the case of a 29‐year‐old female with end‐stage renal disease who was found to have a large right atrial thrombus associated with her tunneled dialysis catheter during preoperative workup for renal transplant. She exhibited signs and symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome and NYHA class III congestive heart failure. She was successfully treated with surgical thrombectomy and demonstrated rapid resolution of her symptoms postoperatively.


A high prevalence of eating disorders has been described in female adolescents with type 1 diabetes as being almost twice as high as that found in their nondiabetic peers (1–3). Weight gain caused by insulin therapy, dietary restraint, and food preoccupation may predispose diabetic girls to develop a clinical or subclinical eating disorder (4–6); intentional insulin omission is the most common symptom underlying an eating disorder (7). The coexistence of these conditions could lead to poor metabolic control and increase the risk of microvascular complications (8).

Very few reports have been published on eating disorders in childhood (9,10), and in only one report this condition was also described in diabetic children, starting from the age of 8 years (4). We describe the successful treatment of a 6-year-old girl with comorbid type 1 diabetes and anorexia nervosa. This case underlines that children with diabetes, as well as adolescents, may be prone to …


© Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 2005 information. The building blocks for learning are still being processed by the brain, and a learner who has specialized too soon, perhaps missing out some important steps in development, may be able to relearn more efficiently with the right teacher. So – lessons for education? Not so many. But a fantastic collection of interesting facts about the brain, and many engaging descriptions of neuroscientific studies that will help the lay reader to understand how the brain works.


The aim of this work is to analyze the method for determining the primary wind power source in an aerial basin for electricity production. The wind behavior is methodologically determined, using data measured at an Anemometric Station. The completion of the series is derived from synthetic analysis linked to the historical data of the aerial basin. Outcomes show that local measurements contain inconsistent data determining the treatment conditioned to the construction of a mixed series of measured and synthetic data. The local wind profile varies over a year with an annual average of 5.5 m.s$^{-1}$; form factork = 1.54 with 25% of speeds below 3.0 m.s$^{-1}$. Concluding, in the traditional context, about to starting wind turbines, there is the need to specify a modern use of the resource with wind turbine technologies started at low speeds, making it possible to increase the period of exploitation throughout the year.


Load converters with inertial support are used to enhance the system inertia. However, these converters may fail to operate stably in the weak grid. In this article, sequence impedance modeling and stability comparison analysis are proposed for the load virtual synchronous machine (LVSM) and the load converter with virtual inertia control (LCVIC). First, the universal sequence impedance formulas are derived by considering dc-link voltage dynamics and frequency-coupling effects. Then, the precise sequence impedance models are built for impedance characteristics analysis of LVSM and LCVIC. The analysis shows that the positive-sequence impedance of LVSM is generally inductive in the middle-frequency band, which is basically consistent with the grid impedance. In contrast, the positive-sequence impedance of LCVIC is negative-resistive-capacitive (i.e., phase angle is between −180° and −90°) in the middle-frequency band, which may lead to harmonic oscillation in the weak grid. Furthermore, the effects of grid impedance, load power, and other control parameters on the stability are analyzed for the two load converters based on the derived model and Nyquist stability criterion. The analysis results reveal that LVSM has better stability than LCVIC in the weak grid. Finally, the experimental results validate the correctness of the theoretical analyses.


In this paper, we consider an intrinsic point of view to describe the equations of motion for higher-order variational problems with constraints on higher-order trivial principal bundles. Our techniques are an adaptation of the classical Skinner–Rusk approach for the case of Lagrangian dynamics with higher-order constraints. We study a regular case where it is possible to establish a symplectic framework and, as a consequence, to obtain a unique vector field determining the dynamics. As an interesting application we deduce the equations of motion for optimal control of underactuated mechanical systems defined on principal bundles.


1.Abstract The occurrence of rupture is the worst among the circumstances of the discovery of a Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) branch aneurysm. Despite it remains a rare event, many cases have been reported in the literature. The occurrence correlation of a pancre-atico-duodenal aneurysm with isolated celiac artery injury has been proven. However, the association of the middle colic artery aneurysm with an isolated dissection of the celiac


Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a top-down approach for failure analysis, starting with a potential undesirable event called a TOP event, and then determining all the ways it can happen. FTA is the most commonly used technique for causal analysis in risk and reliability studies. Mask stage an important part of lithography. In this paper, Fault Tree of the mask stage is built with "Mask stage doesn't work" as the top event. Quantitative assessment and qualitative analysis based on Fuzzy Logic are carried out. And the importance of bottom events is calculated.


Not only is shopping melting into everything, but everything is melting into shopping. Through successive waves of expansion – each more extensive and pervasive than the previous – shopping has methodically encroached on a widening spectrum of territories so that it is now, arguably, the defining activity of public life . . . . Shopping is the medium by which the market has solidified its grip on our spaces, buildings, cities, activities, and lives. It is the material outcome of the degree to which the market economy has shaped our surroundings, and ultimately ourselves. (Leong, 2001: 129)


Objective To screen the best genuine material of Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae),verify the rationality of genuine producing areas recorded in herbal literature,and define the best genuine producing areas through comparing HPLC characteristic chromatograms of Danshen from 5 genuine procuding areas.Methods The cultivars of 8 batches of Danshen from 5 genuine producing areas recorded in herbal literature,and material of 11 batches of Danshen(3 varieties) from 2 non-genuine producing areas were collected and their characteristic chromatograms were analyzed.Results The similarity was over 0.9 with larger HPLC peak area and the best quality in the Danshen produced from 2 genuine producing areas of Henan and Shanxi.The similarity was over 0.9 but with smaller HPLC peak area and lower quality in the Danshen produced from 2 genuine producing areas of Sichuan and Hubei,and also in shallow rooted Danshen produced from Hebei.The Danshen produced from the genuine producing area of Shandong had larger HPLC peak area but the similarity was below 0.9 and the quality was poor.Conclusion The results of analysis on HPLC characteristic chromatograms proved to some extent the rationality of records in herbal literature.The study has verified initially that the quality of Danshen was the best produced from the genuine producing areas of Henan and Shanxi and was poor from Shandong,which still need larger sample for further confirm.


Non-shear flow can change the O-point position of a magnetic island, and thus it may play an important role in the effects of resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) on the single tearing mode. We employ the nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics model in a slab geometry to investigate how RMP affects the single tearing mode instability with non-shear flow. It is found that the driving and suppressing effects of RMP on single tearing mode instability will appear alternately. When the flow velocity is small, the suppressing effect plays a major role through the development of the mode, and the tearing mode instability will be suppressed. With the flow velocity increasing, the driving effect will increase, while the suppressing effect will decrease. When the two effects reach equilibrium, the tearing mode will become stable.


We extend the seminal Rothschild and Stiglitz (1976) model on competitive insurance markets with asymmetric information in the spirit of Wilson (1977)'s 'anticipatory equilibrium' by introducing an additional stage in which initial contracts can be withdrawn after observation of competitors' contract offers. We show that an equilibrium always exists where consumers obtain their respective Wilson-Miyazaki-Spence (WMS) contract. Jointly profit-making contracts can also be sustained as equilibrium contracts. However, the second-best efficient WMS allocation is the unique equilibrium allocation under entry.


This study focuses on the theory of how multinational firms choose their entry modes between alternative options (i.e., trade, greenfield investment, or acquisition). In a comprehensive model of strategic decision-making with more than one multinational firm, it delineates how a multinational firm's entry mode influences a rival multinational firm's market entry behavior and how exogenous factors (e.g., market size, firms' production cost, per-unit trade cost and fixed investment cost) affect the optimal entry modes. The main finding of the study is that competition among multinational firms substantially affects their optimal entry modes such that competition implies different entry modes compared to no competition.


: Edward Zwick's 2009 film Defiance , an adaptation of a historical study by Nechama Tec, recounts the story of a group of Jewish Byelorussian fugitives who survived the Nazi occupation, hiding out in local forests and mounting an effective campaign of resistance. Despite its use of genre conventions, the film presents geographical space of resistance as a "smoothing out of space," as theorised by Deleuze and Guattari in A Thousand Plateaus . This essay considers how a nomadic occupation of the forest and the smoothing out of space as integral to survival are articulated in the film.


1. An apparatus for measuring subjective visual aberrations comprising adjustable optical node generates aberration which introduces a controlled quantity of aberration in obekta.2 pupillary plane of the eye under test. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the aberration generator includes a pair of conjugate multicomponent plates mounted on the optic path and contributing aberration predetermined controlled quantity in the wave front of the eye as a result of lateral displacement on calibrated rasstoyanie.3. The apparatus of claim 1, which is located at the end of Kepler telescope with increasing 1X, and the real exit pupil of the telescope is outside of said telescope, thereby achieving effective conjugation between the pupil and the eye aberrations introduced generatorom.4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the generation of aberrations is achieved by the use of phase plates arranged in a pupil plane of the optical uzla.5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the receiver for the test ophthalmic lens is configured to be inserted into the optic path in the pupil plane of the optical uzla.6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein for the formation of images directly generated by the optical assembly is used prismatic mirror assembly or unit with air prosloykoy.7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the alignment for the line of sight of the optical unit and the line of sight of the object using periscope assembly consisting of two mirrors with air prosloykoy.8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the illumination system is used with an infrared light-emitting diode adapted to the object illumination pupil t


This paper summarizes estimates of the monetary value of the physical damages that acid deposition causes in the United States. These estimates were developed for the Interim Assessment of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) but were not included in the final version of the assessment report. This paper describes this research and discusses why these estimates received so little support within the NAPAP. It outlines the role of economics in the current Integrated Assessment and discusses the extent to which lessons learned earlier have been integrated into the current assessment.


Distribution of residual stress through the thickness of a cold-rolled aluminum sheet is analyzed by the elastic-plastic finite element method under plane strain condition. Single-pass rolling of 2mm-thick aluminum sheet is considered. Influences of roll diameter D, reduction in thickness r, and friction coefficient μ are investigated. When the friction is low (μ = 0.1 and 0.2), and the case with smaller rolls (D = 130 mm) and low reduction (r = 5%), the residual stress in the rolling direction is compressive at surface and tensile around the layer quarter deep from the surface. While in the case with larger rolls (D = 310 mm) and high reduction (r = 30%), the stress is tensile at surface and the stress decreases to compressive with increasing depth from surface. In other words, with low friction, the residual stress distribution strongly depends on the aspect ratio (contact length / mean thickness) of the roll bite. On the other hand, when the friction coefficient is high (μ = 0.4), the residual stress is compressive at surface regardless of roll diameter and reduction. It means that the friction makes the residual stress at surface more compressive. It is found that the relationship between the residual stress at surface and the aspect ratio is almost linear, and that the slope depends on the friction coefficient.