To the Editor:

Stroke is costly to health services and imposes a large burden of death and disability. Given the aging of the population, the care of patients with stroke will have a growing impact on the health care system.1 The more widespread use of stroke units (or teams) or community (home) stroke rehabilitation programs is recognized as an important strategy for improving outcomes and containing costs.1,2⇓

Evidence is accumulating3–6⇓⇓⇓ supporting the development of services that allow patients with stroke to be sent home from hospital earlier than usual, with appropriate levels of support. In our recently completed trial in Adelaide, South Australia,6,7⇓ for example, we showed that early hospital discharge and home-based stroke rehabilitation can significantly reduce the use of hospital (rehabilitation) beds without compromising patient outcomes. It also highlighted, however, a potential hazard of such schemes, with adverse emotional health outcomes detected among family caregivers at 6 months follow-up. We therefore wished to examine the health outcomes of patients and caregivers over the full 12 months of follow-up.

The methods for this study have been reported previously.6 In summary, 86 patients with acute stroke (first-ever or recurrent), but excluding …


minute intervals produced greater bronchodilation than single doses. Oral candidiasis is a potential problem with inhaled cortico-steroid^.^ Slight hyperextension of the neck during inhalation may lessen the amount of steroid impacting in the mouth, and rinsing the mouth will decrease the amount of steroid remaining in the mouth after a dose. The technique recommended by Newman and Clarke therefore should be expanded to include: 1. Assemble the device, remove the cap, and shake the inhaler thoroughly. 2. Breathe out slowly and fully to the end of a quiet breath. 3. Hold the MDI in the upright, inverted position (ie nozzle end down). 4. ~lace'the mouthpiece between the lips or hold three to four cm from the mouth. 5. Hold the head upright and activate the MDI at the start of a slow and deep inspiration. 6. Hold the breath for ten seconds or, if less, as long as possible. 7. Exhale slowly. 8. Wait between doses (interval depends on the drug being administered). 9. Clean the plastic holder thoroughly and frequently. If the patient is using an inhaled corticosteroid, the above steps should be modified to include: a. Slightly hyperextend the neck during inhalation. b. Rinse mouthlgargle with water after dose. c. Use an inhaled sympathomimetic 10 to 15 minutes before the dose if the corticosteroid irritates the ainvays. Foreign body aspiration associated with the use of an aerosol inhaler. Comparison of broncho-dilator effects of the same amounts of terbutaline aerosol given as a single dose or in divided doses. We strongly support Newman and Clarke's attempt (Chest 1984; 86:342-44) to improve and standardize metered dose inhaler (MDI) use. Only by teaching patients an optimum technique will maximum delivery of drug to the lung be achieved and most effective therapeutic results be obtained. In our opinion, aerosols should be inhaled from an MDI with the actuator mouthpiece held 4 cm in front ofthe open mouth. This method provides twice as much drug to the lower respiratory tract than when the MDI is placed between the closed lips.' Furthermore, carefully controlled clinical trials have not shown the open mouth technique to be less effective03 and several have shown better bronchodilation when aerosol is delivered into the widely open With careful instruction (required in any case to utilize MDIs effectively), our patients have no difficulty with this method. The one minute pause between MDI actuations, as recommended by the authors, is an …


In the Western thought tradition, the tourist has not been a subject worthy of intellectual musings and philosophical deliberations. Indeed, the tourist has been portrayed in primarily derisive ways. Nietzsche's remark, "Tourists-they climb mountains like animals, stupid and perspiring, no one has told them that there are beautiful views on the way," epitomizes the dominant attitude. Why does the figure of the tourist elicit such negative reactions? Do the sentiments perhaps imply something else, or is the tourist a doppelganger, not anomalous or marginal but normative-a paradigmatic figure? If so, then what can be said of the poetics and politics of the tourist conceptualized as a paradigmatic subject?.


December 2019 witnessed the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan city and its rapid spread to other parts of China, and overseas as well. Tongji Hospital, as a designated hospital for treatment of critically ill patients, shoulders the diagnosis and treatment tasks of numerous critically ill patients of such a disease. For the purpose of handling their medical records and effectively preventing the nosocomial infection of the disease, the hospital puts in place both the electronic signature system of patients based on a Wechat applet and a paperless medical record total solution based on the data center. These measures overcome the challenges incurred by patients' signature on paper-based records and medical records archiving during the epidemic. On the other hand, they can not only downsize the paper-based medical records, minimize the risk of infection caused by paper-based medical records via contacts, but also effectively save the hospital of its operating costs and improve its efficiency of clinical work.


Fabrication of nanoscale materials with desirable morphology and surface properties becomes more urgent when constructing hybrid nanocrystals with multiple functionalities. Here, we report a facile measure to control the outer layer growth direction combining with coprecipitation and thermal decomposition method for constructing a series of heterogeneous core/shell structured NaLnF4 nanocrystals, involving NaYF4 and NaNdF4 material. Our investigations suggest that it is feasible to control over the outer layer growth orientation by combining the two traditional methods.


This paper is aimed to investigate the influence of Joule and viscous dissipation effects on boundary layer flow over a stretching sheet with variable thickness and surface temperature. The flow is subjected to space dependent magnetic field applied normal to the sheet. Mathematical modeling is done under boundary layer approximations. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations via appropriate similarity transformations. The resulting set of nonlinear equations is solved numerically. The impact of various physical parameters on velocity and temperature profiles is analyzed. Also, their effects on skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number are presented and discussed.


Cultural diplomacy is not an emerging concept. As early as July 2009, Hu Jintao, then the president of China, proposed to "carry out various forms of foreign cultural exchange activities and spread the excellent Chinese culture." Culture is obviously symbolic in a certain environment, and art, as a kind of carrier under the branch of culture, has an irreplaceable role in both the recognition of culture and the identity of the nation. Although the historical background involved in dance culture is not the most comprehensive, it covers the spiritual culture and material culture of all walks of life in the history of the Chinese nation. It is a cultural category with rapid spread, deep roots and wide coverage. Keywords—Chinese classical dance, Culture, Diplomacy In terms of the analysis of diplomatic environment of the countries in the world is concerned, cultural diplomacy is indeed an effective way to enhance national understanding and bring the country closer. The culture in dance is not only physical, but also spiritual and emotional. It contains history, beliefs, values and concepts, and is a multi-integrated cultural approach. The dance culture exchange among the countries is both three-dimensional and flat. It is both mutual study of dance and historical comparison. I. DANCE ART IN THE CULTURAL DIMENSIONS The "cultural dimension theory" is the concept put forward by Geert Hofstede, the director of the Netherlands Institute for International Cultural Cooperation, in studying the differences of the influence of transnational cultures. It is a framework for measuring the cultural differences between different countries. He divided the cultural differences between different countries into four basic cultural dimensions: 1. Power Distance 2. Uncertainty Avoidance 3. Individualism/Collectivism 4. Masculinity versus Femininity. The four dimensions are Hofstede's original theory, and it is the more quintessential part of the concept of cultural dimension. The latter two dimensions are supplemented after the investigation and research based on the original dimensional concept of other scholars. The concepts cited into the cultural dimension theory are: 5. Long-term versus Short-term 6. Indulgence versus Restraint. Each dimension analyzes the differences of transnational culture from different aspects and levels, and sets up research frameworks and templates for such research. As one of the most primitive cultural forms of human beings, dance art is an important way and method to study the differences of national culture. The national culture covered in dance is solid, contemporary and dynamic, and it preserves the cultural evolution process and development trend of a country or a nation well and is of cultural research value. Each dimension mode of the concept of cultural dimension can be applied to the study of dance culture, and find comparison from the history of dance development and the history of national culture development. The art of dance is called "human embryonal art". The so-called embryonal nature means that the germination of this art form is closely related to the emergence of human beings. It is accompanied by a series of survival evolution processes such as human emotions, labor and migration, and is an important way for primitive humans to exchange emotions and record customs. The ancients danced around the bonfire, danced when they were in high spirits, and danced when they were sad. They all carried the versatile emotional expression of primitive humans. The theory of human evolution has gradually enriched the social function of dance art. The form of "dance sacrifice" is a derivative of the human spiritual world. It serves as a special medium for people to pray for well-being, to pay homage to the ancestors, to communicate with the gods, and to act as an important node of transition from "empathy" to "send thoughts" for dance art. It also represents human's exploration and conjecture for the unknown world. As a part of the expression of body in sacrifice, "dance sacrifice" serves as a bridge for people to lead the ideal world, adding the persuasive power of the ancient superstition. In the human development vein, dance is endowed with new meanings. Its inclusiveness and symbolism have made its particularity, so that every existing dance form has a profound historical view and cultural attribute. Dance art is not only the perfect expression of contemporary thought and emotion but also the true portrayal of human society development at different stages. II. THE CULTURAL PARTICULARITY OF CHINESE CLASSICAL DANCE In the existing Chinese dance culture concept, although Chinese classical (Gu Dian) dance is not the most representative, it is indeed the most symbolic. The so-called "Gu" is ancient time, history and the past. "Dian" is a model and elegance. The concept of classical dance has a strong national sentiment and traditional aesthetics in a special context. In the history of interaction and exchange with other dances in China, it has not only absorbed nutrients, but also perform constant 8th International Conference on Education and Management (ICEM 2018) Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 75


In this paper, a wavelet multifractal analysis is developed which permits to characterize simultaneous singularities for a vector of functions. An associated multifractal formalism is introduced and checked for the case of functions involving self similar aspects.


The locution "law and . . . (some other discipline)" implicitly asserts the primacy of legal doctrine and institutions narrowly conceived for coming to understand phenomena in which law takes a part. The ordinary story of American legal theory – formalism then realism then contemporary legal thought – can be understood to repeat the triumphalism implicit in "law and . . ." Of course, the story of American legal theory could possibly be read differently -- as a series of responses to the inability of law to dictate the terms of its use and so as evidence law's subordination to other ways of understanding such phenomena. Such a possibility would dictate a different ordering of important words into ". . . and Law." This paper attempts to examine the plausibility of the latter locution by examining some of the crucial bodies of knowledge and recurrent actions of putatively non-legal actors that led up to the no longer recent Great Recession.


The edge ringing artifacts often appear nearby the image edge for the deconvolution bias. PDE-based non-linear techniques are an effective way to process the image. So a new diffusion filtering is proposed to remove the edge ringing artifact in the deconvolution image based on PDE filter. The experimental results validate the proposed edge ringing artifact filtering algorithms perform well.


A transphyseal fracture of the hip is a rare injury in children1-6. Less than 1% of pediatric fractures involve fractures of the proximal part of the femur, and the frequency of such fractures in children is less than 1% of the frequency observed in adults3,7. Transphyseal fractures of the hip generally result from high-force trauma associated with falls, motor vehicle accidents, seizures, breech deliveries, and child abuse1,3,5,6,8-14, or from pathologic causes such as bone cysts or osteogenesis imperfecta12. A transphyseal fracture occurring prior to the ossification of the proximal femoral epiphysis, which typically occurs between the age of four to six months3, is even less common.

Since transphyseal fractures are rare, there is little consensus as to what the gold standard is for both diagnosis and treatment. Diagnosis and treatment become even more problematic when these fractures occur in young children whose femoral epiphysis is not yet ossified.

Although there is little consensus to the optimal diagnostic and treatment options, there is little controversy that the outcomes of transphyseal fractures are often poor. Morrissy stated, "The results of this fracture are the most dismal of all."15 These fractures are frequently associated with complications such as osteonecrosis, coxa vara, premature physeal closure, and asymmetry of limb lengths2-4,12,13,16-19.

There have been several case reports detailing preossification transphyseal femoral neck fractures at the time of delivery20-23. We were only able to find two case reports5,12 describing transphyseal fractures that occurred prior to the ossification of the proximal femoral epiphysis as a result of child abuse. The rarity of transphyseal …


Objectives ; A Supplementary Study for Sasangin Identifing is based on Chapter Pathophysiology Part V of [Donggyi Soose Bowon Chobonguan]. And I try to explain that with Sasang Constitutional Theory. After all I want this study given the basis of 'The Guideline of Sasangin's Diagnosis & Treatment(GSDT)'. Methods ; First, I divid part V into 4 cartegories (Normal Condition, Abnormal Condition, good or bad Condition, Better or Worse Condition). And then each symtom is analyzed by Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). Conclusions; I am sure that it gives the first step toward Indentifying Sasangin of [Donggyi Soose Bowon]. All of Sasangin Identifing Supplementary are analyzed by SCM. They are divided the identifing for Sasangin classification and Sasangin diagnosis of the disease. And this study will give the basis of 'GSDT'.


Negative selection algorithms are immune-inspired classifiers that are trained on negative examples only. Classification is performed by generating detectors that match none of the negative examples, and these detectors are then matched against the elements to be classified. This can be a performance bottleneck: A large number of detectors may be required for acceptable sensitivity, or finding detectors that match none of the negative examples may be difficult. In this paper, we show how negative selection can be implemented without generating detectors explicitly, which for many detector types leads to polynomial time algorithms whereas the common approach to sample detectors randomly takes exponential time in the worst case.
 In particular, we show that negative selection on strings with generating all detectors can be efficiently simulated without detectors if, and only if, an associated decision problem can be answered efficiently, regardless the detector type. We also show how to efficiently simulate the more general case in which only a limited number of detectors is generated. For many detector types this non-exhaustive negative selection is more meaningful but it can be computationally more difficult, which we illustrate using Boolean monomials.


In this article a didactic proposal for the teaching of electromagnetism based on the effects of electric current was developed. The proposal was applied to a third year high school class. The meetings of the application took place in the classroom, most of them, however, there was a visit to a non-formal teaching space, which was the School of Physical Science of Vitoria - ES, which is a kind of museum of physics. This proposal was structured in the methodological procedure of the Three Pedagogical Moments, which is divided into initial problematization, knowledge organization and knowledge application. In this sense, in addition to the use of a non-formal space, we had the use of videos in order to motivate students about the topics covered and encounters with socio-interactive and dialogical characteristics. In general, the results obtained in this work were significant, and through the analysis of the questionnaires we could verify that there was, for most students, conceptual development in much of the content.


Challenges remain in quantitative evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function by echocardiography. Multiple‐view assessment is believed to provide a more comprehensive quantification of RV function than conventional single‐view analysis. Peak systolic longitudinal RV strain (RVLS) measured by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) has clinical and prognostic value. No study has investigated RV systolic function in the repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) using a standardized four‐view iRotate model from one apical view. Herein, we examined the feasibility and accuracy of the four‐view analysis from apical window in quantitation of RVLS among children with rTOF.


We have studied the magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) of MnGeP2 films grown by using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and prepared in different phosphorus ambiences. Both reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and 0-20 X-ray diffraction confirm epitaxial growth. We have observed the P pressure dependency in MOKE hysteresis.


Wide and tunable optical wavelength conversion by Bragg Scattering is demonstrated experimentally. This process has the potential to translate states of light without the noise pollution associated with parametric amplification and stimulated Raman scattering.


The invention discloses an electrical apparatus control system for a pipeline internal welding machine. The pipe internal welding machine comprises a machine body, a conical head part and a delivering rod which are connected in sequence, wherein a main control box is arranged in the conical head part; a machine body control box is arranged in the machine body; a delivering rod control box is arranged at one end of the delivering rod; the main control box is connected to the machine body control box and the delivering rod control box and comprises a remote communication module, a welding parameter feedback control module, a conical head pneumatic control module and a motor driving module; the conical head pneumatic control module is used for controlling the opening and the closing of electromagnetic valves of pneumatic elements; a welding lap joint control box in the machine body control box is used for receiving detection results, which are detected by fixedly-arranged magnetic induction detecting switches, about arc striking positions and an arc receiving positions of welding guns as well as a rotating limit position of a slewing ring, and transmitting the detection results to the motor driving module, thereby controlling the slewing ring to drive a motor to electrify and de-electrify; and the delivering rod control box is used for realizing welding of pipeline welding seams in a such way that the motor driving module controls the welding guns on the slewing ring to start and stop.


A rate equation-based model of MQW semiconductor lasers, has been developed describing power and chirp dynamics. The equations are implemented using an equivalent circuit approach, exploiting the analogy between rate equations and a Kirchoff current balance equation at a capacitor node. Current and voltages across the circuit components are equivalent to the main elements of the rate equations. This solution offers different advantages like the possibility to study the parasitic effects and the opportunity to integrate an high-speed laser model with an IC driver model in the same simulation environment. The model can be easily implemented in any circuit simulator (SPICE, Cadence, Agilent EESoft ADS). All parameters have been derived from measurements on real DFB devices. The model was used to improve static and dynamic performances of InGaAsP MQW-DFB laser 10Gb/s operations, as well as to study the problem of interfacing laser and IC driver. This optimization gave contributions to the realization of uncooled (up to 95°C chip temperature) DFB lasers directly modulated at 10 Gb/s for optical transceivers in 10Gb-Ethernet networks.


Interpretable multi-hop question answering requires step-by-step reasoning over multiple documents and finding scattered supporting facts to answer the question. Prior works have proposed the entity graph method to aggregate the entity information to improve the ability of reasoning. However, the entity graph loses some non-entity information that is also important to understand the semantics. Moreover, the entities distributed in the noisy sentences may mislead the reasoning process. In this paper, we propose the Coarse and Fine Granularity Graph Network (CFGGN), a novel interpretable model that combines both sentence information and entity information to answer the multi-hop questions. The CFGGN consists of a coarse-grain module to perform sentence-level reasoning and a fine-grain module to make entity-level reference. In sentence-level reasoning, the sentence graph is constructed to filter out the noisy sentences and capture the sentence features. In entity-level reference, a dynamic entity graph is used for the entity-level reasoning. We design a fusion module to integrate information of different granularity. To enhance the interpretability of the overall process, we calculate the reasoning score for each step and present the reasoning path from the multiple documents to the final answer. Evaluation on the HotpotQA dataset in the distractor setting shows that our method outperforms the published SOTA entity-based method in five out of six metrics.


Coherence Spaces were defined by J. Y. Girard in [2] with the objective to study the semantics of Linear Logic. Coherence Spaces are a special subcategory of Scott domains [4] having a strictly finitary structure. The objects are constructed over a set of tokens (basic elements) where a coherence (reflexive and symmetric) relation is defined. The order of information is the set inclusion relation. In this work, we introduce the Probabilistic Coherence Spaces by associating probabilistic values with the objects of coherence spaces. As a result we get a notion of partial probability associated with the partial objects of the probabilistic coherence spaces. It is possible to adopt a vector notation, introducing the Vector Coherence Spaces, so that Probabilistic Coherence Spaces can be used to represent state spaces of probabilistic processes. Since such states represent partial probabilities, computation with such states produces probabilistic approximation processes whose limits are the conventional probabilistic processes. We also study linear functions on probabilistic coherence spaces to represent those probabilistic approximation processes and conventional probabilistic limits. The aim to recast in terms of the special structure of Vector Coherence Spaces the fundamental notions of probabilistic and quantum computing [3], that were originally defined using complex vector spaces as the underlying semantic model. One immediate application of the work is in the construction of a domain of Markov models [1] with partial probabilities.


The increasing reliance of users on wireless networks for Internet connectivity has posed two significant challenges for mobile networking research. The first challenge is to provide high quality of service for interactive real-time a pplications such as VoIP and video conferencing. The second challenge is to reduce the energy consumption of mobile devices and improve battery life. Past research has focused on separately addressing these seemingly conflicting goals in distributed medium access based wireless networks. Contrary to the traditional tiered networking approach, we sho w that an application aware approach to medium access and power saving has the potential to significantly improve the performance of real-time applications and conserve batter y power on mobile devices.


Lanthanide picrate complexes with N,N'-dinaphthyl-N,N'-diphenyl-3, 6-dioxaoctanediamide (ODD), Ln(Pich (ODD) (Ln=Ce, Nd, Eu, Tb, Er, Y) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, IR, IH NMR and UV-VIS spectra. In all complexes, DDD shows quadridentate behaviour. Solvent extraction of light lanthanide picrates with ODD has been carried out in water-nitrobenzene system. The extraction equilibrium constants (Ke) and complexation constants (Kc) in the nitrobenzene phase are determined at 20°e. The K, values for light lanthanide cations decrease in the order: La3 + > Nd3 + > Eu3 + .


The World Bank (2010) asserts that corruption is the single greatest impediment to economic growth in third world countries. This paper investigated the impact of corruption on economic growth in Nigeria from 1986 to 2007. An endogenous economic growth model developed by Barro (1991) was modified and applied to the Nigerian case using a time series data on some critical variables in the Nigerian economy. The model was estimated using Engle and Granger's (1987) co-integration and error correction technique. Empirical findings partly overturn the view in the literature that corruption is a beneficial 'grease' that lubricates the engine of economic growth. Meaning, corruption decelerates economic growth in Nigeria. The paper recommends shortening of labyrinthine structure in general administration of government and quick dispensation of justice in order to stem corruption and promote economic growth in Nigeria.


This paper presents a currency recognition system using ensemble neural network (ENN). The individual neural networks (NNs) in an ENN are trained via negative correlation learning. The objective of using negative correlation learning (NCL) is to expertise the individuals on different parts or portion of input patterns in an ensemble. The available currencies in the market consist of new, old and noisy ones. It is often difficult for machine to recognize these currencies; therefore we propose a system that uses ENN to identify them efficiently. We performed our experiment for seven different types of TAKA (Bangladeshi currency) which are 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and 500 TAKA. The image of different types note is converted in gray scale and compressed in the desired range. Each pixel of the compressed image is given as an input to the network. This system is able to recognize highly noisy or old image of TAKA. Ensemble network is very useful for the classification of different types of currencies. It reduces the chances of misclassification than a single network and ensemble network with independent training. In experimental results we have shown this with artificially added noise in the test set. We also find good result for similar pattern available in market.


The Covid-19 Pandemic was indicated in March 2020, which has changed people's daily activities patterns. Implementing the restricting regulation imposed by the government made some of the people's daily activities diverted to an online system. As a result, community mobility has decreased, especially on private car usage. However, there is a shift in vehicle usage which many people are starting to switch their mode to the private car in daily travel. This condition was predicted would continue even after the Pandemic ends. The increase in private car usage will worsen the congestion than before the Covid-19 Pandemic appropriate steps and handling are needed to prevent the increase in congestion. One of them is by knowing the characteristics and journeys of private car users during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This research is a typology of private car users during the Covid-19 Pandemic to identify the similarities and differences in the characteristics possessed by each private car user through the typological groups formed. Through this research, it can be seen the movement patterns and characteristics of the people who use private cars. This study uses the Hierarchical Cluster Analysis method. The analysis is based on several variables such as private car usage frequency variables, socioeconomic characteristics variables, demographic variables, household variables, and household travel patterns object of this research is 107 households which are owners and use of private cars for further analysis and form clusters of private car users that have the same characteristics of each cluster. The typology of private car users is compiled based on the unique characteristics possessed by each cluster that is formed. The results of this study are 8 typologies of private car users, which are divided from intensive users to irregular users. Typology 1 has the largest number of respondents and dominates the frequency of trips by private car users. The benefit of this research for the government is as input in the formulation of policies to regulate the use of private cars so that the policies taken by the government can be right on target


Nowadys,whith the rapid devlelopment of science and technology,modern multi?media and network techniques supply wider space and more extensive study material and more convenient study tools for adults,English study. These make adults integrate traditional media advantages and their own advantages to study rapidly by bringing into play good qualities and overcoming shortcomings


In this study, we suggest a new concept of 3D crosstalk for auto-stereoscopic displays and obtain 3D crosstalk values of several multi-view systems based on the suggested definition. First, we measure the angular dependencies of the luminance for auto-stereoscopic displays under various test patterns corresponding to each view of a multi-view system and then calculate the 3D crosstalk based on our new definition with respect to the measured luminance profiles. Our new approach gives just a single 3D crosstalk value for single device without any ambiguity and shows similar order of values to the conventional stereoscopic displays. These results are compared with the conventional 3D crosstalk values of selected auto-stereoscopic displays such as 4-view and 9-view systems. From the result, we believe that this new approach is very useful for controlling 3D crosstalk values of the 3D displays manufacturing and benchmarking of the 3D performances among the various auto-stereoscopic displays.


Purpose – The current study contributes to filling the gap in studies that discuss the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth and employment in Saudi Arabia. Although the study found that FDI inflows contribute to the government effort to reduce or at least control the high unemployment rate, the study found no relationship between FDI inflows and economic growth in Saudi Arabia. However, we must be careful in interpreting the result of the positive influence of FDIs on employment since almost half of the Saudi workforce is employed by the public sector. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Data regarding FDI inflow to Saudi Arabia were collected from the World Bank database and the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA), while GDP per capita (economic growth) used data from the World Bank database only. Unemployment rate data were collected from the SAMA annual book. This study covered the period from 1999 through 2012. The study used the...


In a developing country like India, fall transition to market systems has to be very wisely and cautiously brought about or else the impacts of change can be inequitable and even catastrophic. The state has still to be the major player in social and economic development of its people in more ways than one. Even in advanced countries the state plays a pervasive role in economic affairs. What we need is not less state but better state. We need to do away with the soft state which makes more laws than it can enforce, which over-centralises, which is driven by ideological posturings, which stifles initiative and creativity and which arrogates to itself fanctions which can be performed better by people themselves. We need a bold, effective and credible state which trusts people, which governs through policy and bold, open, people-friendly action.


The comparative teaching method is one of the most popular teaching method.This paper discusses the definition of the comparing and comparative teaching method,and mainly discusses the comparative teaching method can play a role in teaching of the course of bridge engineering including stimulating students' interest,breaking through key issues,promoting understanding and memorizing,making students graspe learning methods.This paper points out teachers should flexibly used the comparative teaching method assisted by other teaching methods in order to improve teaching effect and quality of teaching of the course of bridge engineering.


Abstract This paper establishes the general architecture of the teaching resource repository through the design of course clusters and specific course resource organizations for the teaching characteristics of art and design majors and builds the business process from two aspects: teacher course resource archiving and student assignment management. For the association of knowledge points of teaching resources in the repository, the coding of text semantics is completed based on BERT, the text data is enhanced by a two-way maximum matching algorithm, and the enhanced data is input into the LSTM-CRF model for training to achieve entity prediction of knowledge points. For the recognition of art design teaching resources, the F1 score of this paper's method is improved by 9.56% compared with the ATT-CNN model and 2.65% compared with the currently known better model ATT-BLSTM, which can better characterize the semantic information of the text.


The effects of anode-cathode distance on anode resistance have been evaluated with a scaled model. A comparison was made using predictions made with the modified Dwight formula. For practical anode-cathode distances, the resistance was significantly lower. A new anode resistance formula is proposed which takes this effect into account. The applicability of this formula to cathodic protection of offshore structures is discussed.


This study examines psychological adaptation in four different game-worlds. The concept of adaptation is used to describe the way the players willingly form a relationship with the physical and social reality provided by the game. It is measured by using a model consisting of two psychologically relevant constructs: involvement and presence. These constructs and the seven measurement scales measuring them have been factor-analytically extracted in a large (n=2182 subjects) data collected both via the Internet and in the laboratory. Several background variables were also studied to further understand the differences in players' adaptation. The results showed different adaptation profiles among the four studied games. They also showed the challenges related to measure such multidimensional constructs. Especially, the difference in the nature of the presence in each game would have left unnoticed if only simple measures had been used. Thus, the need for multivariate measurement of game adaptation is emphasized in order to gain full advantage of the concept in future game design. Author Keywords


Although the academic circles have not been in agreement on the argument that security measures should be legislated or not, the author is approve of its legislate.After inducing and analyzing the contents and foundation of opposite theory, the thesis dicusses and concludes the necessary foundation and feasible foundation in practice and theory of security measures' legislate in China.


Abstract Background The disease presentation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (COVID-19) ranges from asymptomatic to fatal. COVID-19 patients with pre-existing coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors or overt cardiovascular disease more often develop severe COVID-19, which are also related to thrombotic, inflammatory, and to viral infectivity response. We hypothesised that despite some genetic predisposition, especially in COVID-19 severity, the main determinants of fatal complications in COVID-19 patients are related to comorbidity. Purpose To determine the role of genetics and cardiovascular comorbidity in mortality from COVID-19. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 3,120 patients with positive COVID-19 test from several hospitals and primary care between February 2020 and June 2021. Among them 1,096 required hospitalization, and 121 died within 3 months after symptom onset. Standard parametric and non-parametric methods, as required, were used to compare patient characteristics by vital status. Individual genotypes for 32 CAD, 14 thrombosis, 19 inflammation, and 11 viral infectivity single nucleotide variants (SNV), as well as, 2 COVID-19 SNVs already published were tested for association with mortality with Cochran-Armitage statistics and p-values corrected for multiple comparisons. The mutually-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of fatal COVID-19 was analysed for SNVs significantly associated to case-fatality, with their adverse alleles count (0, 1 or 2), and for comorbidity factors with logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. The discrimination of the models was also estimated by the area under the curve (AUC). Results Fatal and non-fatal cases' characteristics are compared in Table 1. Fatal cases had a more adverse cardiovascular and anthropometric risk profile. After correcting for multiple testing by Benjamini-Hochberg method, we observed the inflammation-related rs6993770 SNV to be significantly associated with COVID-19 fatality (p-value = 0.04). The CAD-related rs9982601 and rs2505083 SNVs, and the thrombosis-related rs7853989 SNV were moderately associated with COVID-19 fatality (p-value ≤0.1). On Figure 1 we show the adjusted OR for rs6993770 (OR: 1.02; 95% CI 1.01–1.03 per risk allele) and that for clinical factors related to COVID-19 case-fatality. The AUC of the model was 0.85 (95% CI 0.81–0.88), which not improved that of a model with clinical risk factors alone (AUC: 0.84; 95% CI 0.81–0.87). Conclusion The rs6993770 inflammation (interleukin measurement trait)-related SNV was independently associated to case fatality; however the outcome was mainly driven by age, male sex, diabetes, and glomerular filtration rate. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Carlos III Health Institute and the European Regional Development FundAgency for Management of University and Research GrantsCrue-CSIC-Santander FONDO SUPERA COVID-19


Light-field image processing has been widely employed in many areas, from mobile devices to manufacturing applications. The fundamental process to extract the usable information requires significant computation with high-resolution raw image data. A graphics processing unit (GPU) is used to exploit the data parallelism as in general image processing applications. However, the sparse memory access pattern of the applications reduced the performance of GPU devices for both systematic and algorithmic reasons. Thus, we propose an optimization technique which redesigns the memory access pattern of the applications to alleviate the memory bottleneck of rendering application and to increase the data reusability for depth extraction application. We evaluated our optimized implementations with the state-of-the-art algorithm implementations on several GPUs where all implementations were optimally configured for each specific device. Our proposed optimization increased the performance of rendering application on GTX-780 GPU by 30% and depth extraction application on GTX-780 and GTX-980 GPUs by 82% and 18%, respectively, compared with the original implementations. key words: light-field image processing, GPU optimization, GPU architecture


In the article the authors approach to the teaching technology designing of the students of nonlinguistic universities in the system of civil servants training is presented. The main stages of technology designing are concretized and described according to the peculiarities of teaching the foreign language in the non-linguistic university. The peculiar features of the teaching technology designing in the system of civil servants training are specified.


Background: To assess the nutritional assessment of the primary school children in Abbottabad.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted among children of private and public sectors primary schools of Abbottabad from January - September 2018 by simple random sampling. 200 students from each school (7 and 13 years), present on the day of data collection were included in this study and those who were absent, sick or not willing, were excluded. The data was collected on a pre-tested questionnaire.  Results: Total 200 students, males 49.5% (n=99) and females 50.5% (n=101) were interviewed and assessed for their nutritional assessment. Their mean age was 11.67±1.66years, height was 144.93±12.34 cms and weight was 37.69±12.96 kgs. Male students (n=67) 67.7% and from private schools (n=67) 65.7% were healthier then female (n=55) 55.4% and government schools (57.1%), P valve 0.085 and 0.026. Most of the students with grade C in last year school performance were underweight (100%). Raven Test for both types of school gave 0.012 P value which indicated more intelligent students resides in private schools. Furthermore, children of well-serviced fathers and qualified mothers were healthy, more intelligent and practiced good hygiene. Also, children of a private school who has better nutritional status scored more than Public school children.Conclusions: Nutritional status of children have a direct effect on their cognitive abilities. Private school children who have scored better in the intelligence test, have better nutritional status. Socioeconomic status and mother qualification have a direct effect on children's nutrition, health status, school performance and hygiene.


To the Editor: Pyloric and duodenal Brunner glands may be the site of a peculiar cytoplasmic change characterized by clear vacuoles or glassy eosinophilic globules, occupying a subnuclear position with displacement of the nuclei towards the lumenal surface. To our knowledge this previously documented, although rarely described cellular phenomenon has not previously been recorded in extrapyloric/duodenal sites. During a 5-year period, we have noticed 3 such cases involving the simple gastrointestinal mucinous glands, 2 of which occurring in sites outsides the pylorus and duodenum.


To choose a fellowship, an expert recommends considering everything from which procedures one will learn to what former fellows say about the experience.


Measures taken in the spring of 2020 to combat the coronavirus epidemic have led to a major migration crisis in Russia. Unable to leave the country, migrants, many of whom lost their jobs, found themselves in an extremely difficult situation, which pushed them to participate in protests and mass demonstrations. The places with the highest concentration of migrants were the most explosive — large cities, construction sites and border areas where foreigners who failed to leave Russia in time were trapped. As a result, during the spring and summer of 2020, at least 10 demonstrations, riots and mass protests of migrants took place in Russia, the reasons for which were, mainly, non-payment of wages and fear of the possibility of losing job during the lockdown period. The experience of the migration crisis-2020 raises the question of the need to find a balance between labor immigration and ensuring internal security.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a novel hydrophobic wood. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: firstly, melting alkyl ketene dimer colloidal particles at 40-60 DEG C; then adding a certain amount of cationic starch and an emulsifying agent and water; preparing an alkyl ketene dimer emulsion through treatment with a high-pressure homogenizer, and then blending the alkyl ketene dimer emulsion with a certain amount of nano cellulose gel to prepare a composite emulsion; then putting the wood and the composite emulsion into a reaction tank, vacuumizing and then injecting the emulsion for a period of time; taking the wood out, draining off the composite, and drying in a drying oven for 3-8 hours to obtain the novel hydrophobic wood. The preparation method is simple in process, causes no changes to the color of the wood and no corrosion to equipment, and is low in energy consumption, and the product does not have peculiar smells and can be widely used as indoor and outdoor furniture base materials and decorative materials.


the work of the Italian philosopher Roberto Esposito and his idea of immunisation. In the book, liberal multiculturalism is represented by Will Kymlicka, Bhikhu Parekh and Charles Taylor, and a chapter is devoted to each of them. Using Kymlicka, Parekh and Taylor, the book covers different forms of cultural difference (indigenous groups, immigrants and national minorities) and different aspects of the ways in which liberal multiculturalism deals with cultural difference (rights, consensus and toleration and recognition). Ulbricht's argument is that liberal multiculturalism is first of all liberal and only secondarily multicultural. The inclusion of cultures is always conditional because it can only happen on the terms of liberalism. This introduces a hierarchical relationship between the culture and institutions of liberalism and the cultures tolerated by liberalism. Therefore, liberal multiculturalism is not truly multicultural, and we need to move beyond liberalism. To make this argument, Ulbricht draws on Esposito and his idea of immunisation. The latter essentially means that liberalism can only include (cultural) difference up to the point where it does not threaten the liberal character of liberal multiculturalism. Even if I was not entirely convinced by it, the most interesting part of the book is perhaps Ulbricht's attempt to develop an alternative to liberalism. Here, he draws on a variety of ideas to argue for a way to think a form of totality (community) that does not end up in totalisation where everyone has to be the same in some way in order to be accepted. The book brings a new body of literature (Esposito) to bear on liberal multiculturalism thereby seeking to bring out new (critical) aspects of the latter. Esposito appears to be highly relevant for this purpose, as much of his work is precisely concerned with the relationship between community and difference. Thus, this is a commendable project. However, if the argument is that liberal multiculturalism will always defend itself against the threat of 'the Other', and that liberal multiculturalism is therefore always inherently limited, this will hardly seem novel, even to many liberals themselves. In other words, I was not convinced that Ulbricht manages to use Esposito to bring something new to the critical literature on liberal multiculturalism. For instance, I did not think that the chapters on Kymlicka, Parekh and Taylor added much new, even if they are good and careful readings of these thinkers.


Pulsed-laser initiated polymerization (PLP) leads to chain length distributions with characteristic extrapeaks. The low molecular weight side points of inflection L LPI are located near to (multiples) of a specific chain length L 0 which is equal to the product of pulse separation to and propagation frequency k p [M], i.e. rate constant of propagation kp times monomer concentration [M], allowing a direct determination of k p . However, Poissonian broadening inherent in the polymerization process as well as Gaussian broadening due to axial dispersion caused by the size exclusion chromatographic (SEC) device leads to a shift of L LPI as compared to L 0 - its extent depending on the experimental parameters chosen -which in turn causes an error up to 10-20% in the rate constants evaluated. Fortunately, comparison of the experimental peak width with some sort of theoretical peak width yields several types of correction factors and furthermore master-correction functions which are able to reduce the remaining error on average by at least a factor of 10.


Provide a very wide color realize reproduction range to show that you can not only be able to display images with a wide wavelength range of display color close to that of natural light, suppress the increase in cost caused by the color-developing additional increase in the unit pixel device, and an electronic apparatus do. And a color filter part 12 comprising a plurality of colored layers corresponding to each of the plurality of wavelength ranges in a unit pixel in the wavelength selection characteristics, wherein the illumination light (A) which has a plurality of peak wavelengths in the spectral properties color filter unit ( 12), the illumination portion 13, and the number of the colored layer in said color filter section (having a projection light amount control unit 11 for controlling the amount of light passing through the 12), wherein the unit pixel includes the illuminating unit (13 to check the ) more than the number of the peak wavelength at, characterized in that the image represented by the number of primary colors of the corresponding coloring layer. The color filter portion, colored layer, and the peak wavelength of


In this paper we discuss the relation between the combinatorial properties of cell decompositions of 3-spheres and the bridge index of knots contained in their 1-skeletons. The main result is to solve the conjecture of Ehrenborg and Hachimori which states that for a knot K in the 1-skeleton of a constructible 3-sphere satisfies e(K)≥2b(K), where e(K) is the number of edges K consists of, and b(K) is the bridge index of K. The key tool is a sharp inequality of the bridge index of tangles in relation with "tangle sum" operation, which improves the primitive rough inequality used by Eherenborg and Hachimori. We also present an application of our new tangle sum inequality to improve Armentrout's result on the relation between shellability of cell decompositions of 3-spheres and the bridge index of knots in a general position to their 2-skeletons.


Using a novel automated microfilling system, the authors demonstrate that roller compaction followed by milling is a viable preprocessing technique for high-dose chemical-in-capsule dosage forms. The process results in higher bulk and tapped densities for drug substances compared with milling alone.


Objective:To establish a method for the determination of jasminoidin and paeoniflorin in Qiyitang Granules.Methods:The analytical column was a Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column(4.5×150mm,5μm).The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1%H3PO4(12:88,V/V),flow rate was 1.0ml/min.The detection wavelength was 230 nm.Rusults:Jasminoidin and paeoniflorin were separated utterly and the linear correlation was good. The average recoveries of high,middle and low concentration of jasminoidin were 106.2%,97.5% and 98.1% respectively with RSD of 0.96%,1.23% and 1.62%(n=3)respectively.The average recoveries from paeoniflorin were 101.3%,99.5% and 98.2% respectively with RSD being 1.19%,1.33% and 1.58%(n=3),respectively. Conclusions:The method is simple,reproducible,accurate and reliable.It may be used for the quality control of this granules.


A new, scalable, rapid, high yielding, and practical synthesis of 4-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine provides a key intermediate for the preparation of numerous protein kinase inhibitors and clinical candidates targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase. Starting from 2,2-difluoroacetic anhydride, an efficient five-step and two-pot procedure to prepare 4-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-2-amine (1) has been developed. Noteworthy aspects of this strategy include the avoidance of an amination process using a sealed vessel. Each step of the synthetic route has been optimized, and key intermediates have been isolated and characterized prior to the final two-pot procedure, which has been successfully applied for large-scale production.


The sorption isotherms of Na+ and Cl− ions by nylon 6 from aqueous soluations at pH = 2.2, 4.0, and 6.0 are reported. Detailed analysis of the results showed that they could not be interpreted satisfactory by the classical Gilbert-Rideal or Donnan equilibrium treatments usually applied to nylon and/or wool. On a qualitative basis, the former model may be considered more successful, but, even so, the behavior of the partition coefficient of Na+ cannot be explained. This difficulty persists even when some important restrictions imposed by the simple Donnan equilibrium treatment are relaxed, as in the models of Glueckauf and of McGregor and Harris. A different theoretical viewpoint is put forward here, which explains the observed behavior qualitatively and shows how it fits into the general pattern of ion sorption by polyelectrolytes in general and by amphoteric polyelectrolytes in particular. The conclusions drawn also have important implications concerning previous interpretations of ion sorption by wool.


: Traffic emits a lot of vehicular exhaust that has a number of gases included into it, gases like CO 2 (carbon dioxide),SO 2 (sulphur dioxide),NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide) and CO (carbon monoxide) are emitted through the vehicles causing many health related issues and creating air pollution also the emission of these gases causes a acid rain which gradually effects over the environment , all among the gases CO is considered as most deadly because its emission not only causes health related but also causes death due to its toxic free radical mechanism, CO is emitted due to the incomplete combustion of fuel, and mostly this gas comes out as a result of high traffic volume or in the peak hours of traffic when there is a lot of congestion throughout the traffic, due to increasing population and increased number of vehicles on the road this cycle of pollution due to CO has increased causing death at a large scale. Due to the more and more vehicular movement the congestion has increased, this has adversely affected the urban areas and causing pollution levels increased. Due to more demands of vehicles like two-wheeler and four-wheeler, in Kanpur city the air pollution levels are higher so the CO levels are higher in the urban areas of Kanpur The study presents emission factors and global warming CO has become the main issue it comes and it will be the decreasing the level of CO from exhaust gases of two wheeler and four wheeler motorcycle by adsorption technology. They have high Temperature and high combustion produces a lot of unburned fuel fumes. They will be effect in the global warming and the climatic change and pollutants and particular matters from the deposited the substance of and have a global climatic change. This work has adequate potential to dominate in pollution control and techniques because it uses a when the of deceleration we determine after of the of on the and we


Deep learning is necessary for learners to resolve problems in life because deep learning can promote learners' high thinking ability and learners need such a kind of ability to solve problems. However, the research on deep learning is much less, let alone to research on the evaluation of deep learning according to research on literatures in CNKI database. Evaluation is very important for learners to improve their learning. In the paper, based on literature analysis and content analysis, we sorts out the evaluation methods of deep learning and then classifies them according to their characteristic, which include scale evaluation, project evaluation, wearable device and concept map. After the horizontal and longitudinal comparison of evaluation methods of the deep learning, we draw the following conclusions: multiple methods should be adopted on evaluation learning; the evaluation tools should be selected according to evaluation scope and learners' needs.


In this paper, some improvements of spatial Branch and Bound (sBB) algorithms are discussed to solve aircraft conflict avoidance problems formulated as MINLP. We propose a new quadratic convex relaxation technique based on affine arithmetic. Moreover, a branching strategy is also proposed
for the considered problem. Preliminary numerical results validates the proposed approach


Since the civil war ended in 2009, political spaces in eastern Sri Lanka have remained restricted. The authors examine how young people in areas formerly controlled by or with the presence of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) engage in politics by making safe spaces. A framework for understanding youth politics is presented in order to explain how youths' political spaces are found at the interface of two axes: the axis between political presence and political involvement; and the axis between voiceless politics and vocal politics. Through locating young people's perspectives, practices and realities in relation to these axes, the authors find that war-affected youths in eastern Sri Lanka are stuck in their everyday politics, which prevents their full political presence and involvement. Repolitisation is needed to mobilise youths' political agency.


With the institutionalization of diversity research in organization studies, diversity scholarship has become increasingly varied over the past two decades. While this has broadened the discussion in the field it has also – as the recent debates around intersectionality, identity formation and theorization of power have shown – created some confusions about how to undertake critical diversity research. This urges critical diversity scholars to re-visit existing approaches or paradigms (belief systems that guides our thoughts and practices), and methods, and even re-invent novel ways of
inquiry into diversity issues. This is why the aim of this Special QROM Edition is to explore these challenges and the outcomes of approaches and methods in critical diversity scholarship.


BACKGROUND
The type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) converts thyroxine (T4) to 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), modulating intracellular T3. An increase in DIO2 within muscle stem cells during skeletal muscle regeneration leads to T3-dependent potentiation of differentiation. The muscle stem cell niche is comprised of numerous cell types, which coordinate the regeneration process. For example, muscle stem cells provide secretory signals stimulating endothelial cell-mediated vascular repair, and in turn, endothelial cells promote muscle stem differentiation. We hypothesized Dio2 loss in muscle stem cells directly impairs muscle stem cell-endothelial cell communication leading to downstream disruption of endothelial cell function.

METHODS
We assessed the production of pro-angiogenic factors in differentiated C2C12 cells and in a C2C12 cell line without Dio2 (D2KO C2C12) by qRT-PCR and ELISA. Conditioned medium was collected daily in parallel to evaluate its effects on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, migration and chemotaxis, and vascular network formation. The effects of T3-treatment on vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegfa) mRNA expression in C2C12 cells and mouse muscle were assessed. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) identified thyroid hormone receptor (TR) binding to the Vegfa gene. Using mice with a targeted disruption of Dio2 (D2KO mice), we determined endothelial cell number by immunohistochemistry/flow cytometry and evaluated related gene expression in both uninjured and injured skeletal muscle.

RESULTS
In differentiated D2KO C2C12 cells Vegfa expression was 46% of WT C2C12 cells, while secreted VEGF was 45%. D2KO C2C12 conditioned medium exhibited significantly less pro-angiogenic effects on HUVECs. In vitro and in vivo T3-treatment of C2C12 cells and WT mice, and ChIP using antibodies against TRα, indicated that Vegfa is a direct genomic T3-target. In uninjured D2KO soleus muscle Vegfa expression was decreased by 28% compared to WT mice, while endothelial cell numbers were decreased by 48%. 7 days after skeletal muscle injury, D2KO mice had 36% fewer endothelial cells coinciding with an 83% decrease in Vegfa expression in FACS purified muscle stem cells.

CONCLUSION
Dio2 loss in the muscle stem cell impairs muscle stem cell-endothelial cell crosstalk via changes in the T3-responsive gene Vegfa, leading to downstream impairment of endothelial cell function in vitro and in vivo.


Phycomycosis (mucormycosis) was diagnosed in a 17-month old female gray squirrel. Characteristic fungal organisms were demonstrated in abscesses in the skin and lungs. The squirrel also had multiple fibromas in the skin from which a poxvirus was isolated.


Food and nutritional insecurity are prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, where years of poor soil management have left most agricultural lands mineral deficient and low in organic matter. In Uganda, soil acidity is a major contributor to low agricultural productivity, hunger, malnutrition and the vicious cycle of poverty. To meet yield demands and nutritional needs in Uganda, publicly funded breeding programs released biofortified common bean varieties such as NAROBEAN 1 and 3, that are high yielding, drought resilient and high in commonly deficient nutrients such as iron and zinc. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of limestone application as a soil amendment strategy on grain yield and grain iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) concentration in NAROBEAN 1 and 3 grown on Ferralsol soils in central Uganda. Findings from the study showed that soil pH, CEC and soil concentration of extractable Ca and Na increased when more limestone was applied to the soil. On average the yield of NAROBEAN 1 was 30% and 48% greater than NABE 15 and NAROBEAN 3, respectively. Grain nutrients, Fe and Zn, were not affected by limestone application rates, however, their concentrations differed among bean varieties. We were also interested in how common bean varieties performed in different environments and how these interactions influence yield and nutritional value of the grain. We conducted another experiment in Colorado, Michigan, Iowa and Uganda using four common bean varieties ('Montcalm'/dark red kidney, 'Taurus'/great northern, 'Eclipse'/black turtle and, 'MY06326'/yellow Mayocoba). The objective of the study was to determine the effect of environment on total yield overall, yield components and grain nutritional composition. It was observed that yield and seed weight differed across locations and among varieties. Mineral concentration of bean seed P, K, and Mg and crude protein (CP) differed significantly among the varieties but were unaffected by environment. Although soil nutrients (such as Mehlich-3


This wikipedia entry provides an extensive description of natural and engineered riboswitches. Most known riboswitches have been found in bacteria. This webpage provides a link to an electronic thesis file describing a riboswitch that responds to the herbicide atrazine. This web article discusses synthetic riboswitches. These are tools that researchers can use to control bacterial metabolism. The development of synthetic riboswitches requires the ability to screen aptamers for the ability to bind molecules of interest. The use of the method to develop a riboswitch for the natural product theophylline is described. This page contains an extensive list of references related to ribozymes and riboswitches. On and off riboswitches were deployed in tandem to produce regulation that mimics an electronic band-pass filter. This web article describes modeling for the effective design of synthetic riboswitches. This page provides a good overview of riboswitches and has useful graphics. This blog page provides a discussion of a paper and a good overview of riboswitches. This page contains an extensive list of references on mostly natural riboswitches.


A modified drum-type carbonizer was fabricated for the carbonization of young coconut waste. The major modification made was increasing the number of air inlets from four inlets per layer to eight inlets per layer, for three layers. Three tests were made by adjusting the number of air inlets opened. Water boiling test was performed using the three charred samples from the three tests. The first test had eight inlets opened, the second test had six, and the last test had five. The actual recovery and efficiency of the carbonizer were computed based on the data obtained. Observations were made on the charcoal produced and then it was subjected to water boiling test to determine its quality based on the stove's efficiency. The modified version produced higher amount of charcoal and low amount of uncharred young coconut waste than the original. It was also more efficient in producing young coconut waste charcoal. The original design took a longer time of carbonization operation. Results showed that the carbonizer with 8 air openings obtained the highest actual charcoal recovery of 33.13 % and highest efficiency of 64.8 % in the carbonization process. The water boiling test showed that the average thermal efficiency of the stove is 19.32 % and comparable with the thermal efficiency of the same stove using wood charcoal of 20 %. It means that the quality of charred young coconut waste is comparable to wood charcoal.


Annotation of poetry and lyrics is very wide and profound.In the contemporary scholars'annotation work,errors are also hard to avoid.This article gives some examples about these errors from language,history,mentality and collating,and it will be a reference about annotation work in future.


Cadherin proteins, aminopeptidase N (APN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) bind to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins in the lepidopteran midgut, but the inherent function of these receptors remains unclear. To clarify whether these three potential receptors contribute to the resistance of lepidopteran insects to the Bt toxin, the transcription patterns of these genes in Cry1Ac‐susceptible Plutella xylostella strains and strains highly resistant to Cry1Ac were examined using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Both gene expressions of cadherin and APNs were most abundant in the midgut of fourth larval instars but were also found in pupae. The transcription levels of cadherin, APN2 and ALP genes in the midgut were more abundant in the susceptible strain than in the resistant strain and also clearly differed between the two strains. Moreover, the transcription levels of cadherin increased as the insect developed from the second to the fourth larval instars and then decreased in pupae. mRNA of the APN2 gene was more abundant than that of the APN1, APN3 and APN4 genes in the susceptible strain. The results suggested that these differences were attributable to the adaptation of the resistant strain to the Bt toxin and demonstrated a possible link between the gene expression of cadherin, ALP and APN2 and the resistance of P. xylostella to Bt. The information provided in the current study can be useful for the development of resistance management strategies.


Length-weight relationship, length at first maturity and sex ratio of the Nile perch Lates niloticus (L.) were studied from 342 fish samples collected between February 1995 and May 1996. The relationship between total length (TL ) and total weight (TW) for both sexes was curvilinear and statistically significant. The regression equation for the males was TW=0.0044TL 3.27 (r2=0.978, P<0.001) and that for the females was TW=0.0058TL 3.2 (r 2 =0.991, P<0.001). 50% maturity size of males and females were found to be 88 cm and 106 cm TL respectively. The overall male to female sex ratio of 1: 0.64 was significantly different from the theoretical 1:1 ratio (χ2=16.0, P<0.001). Generally males were more numerous at smaller size classes while females predominate at larger size classes. Forty-nine fish samples that ranged in length from 106.8 cm to 192 cm TL and in weight from 17,000 g to 108,000 g TW were used in fecundity estimates. The weight of ripe ovaries ranged from 325 g to 5,600 g with the mean weight of 934 g. Fecundity ranged between 1.24 million and 37.44 million eggs. The total and relative mean fecundity of L. niloticus was 6.35 million eggs female -1 and 162 eggs g -1 TW. The average number of eggs g -1 of ovary ranged from 6,200 to 9 ,300 with the mean number of 8 ,100. The relationships between fecundity and TL (F=0.0034TL 4.32, n=49, P<0.01) and fecundity and TW (F=0.4357TW1.55, n=49, P<0.01) were curvilinear while the relationship between fecundity and ovary weight (OW) (F=8,017OW-84,461, n=49, P<0.01) was linear.


Quantum magnetic disk (QMD), proposed recently, offers a new paradigm for ultrahigh density magnetic recording. In a QMD, each bit is represented by a prepatterned nanoscale single‐domain magnetic pillar or bar that was uniformly embedded in a nonmagnetic material on a disk. The size and shape of each bit is well controlled during the fabrication to ensure single magnetic domain formation, therefore the magnetic moment of each bit has only two quantized states: equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. Compared to conventional magnetic disks, the QMD offers many unique advantages in writing, reading, and tracking. In this article, we report the fabrication of both longitudinal and perpendicular magnetization QMDs and their investigation with scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and magnetic force microscopy. Both QMDs were fabricated using electron beam nanolithography, reactive ion etching, and chemical mechanical polishing. We will also discuss QMD fabrication techniques which do n...


The current standard treatment for chronic hepatitis C is the combination of pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin, a synthetic guanosine analogue. In the pegylated form of interferon, the interf...


Petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of Quercus infectoria galls were screened for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus salivarius and Lactobacillus acidophillus by Cup-Plate method at sample concentration of 200mg/ml. The methanolic gall extract possessed strongest antimicrobial activity against the pathogens tested. Streptococcus sanguis was the most susceptible bacterium. The MIC value of the extracts possessing strongest antibacterial activity against most susceptible bacteria were determined using twofold serial micro dilution technique.


From the users' point of view, the survey obtained the first-hand data on users' learning content, duration, scene, terminal, purchasing habits of college mobile English learning through the questionnaire. On the basis of data analysis, the research described behavioral characteristics and tendencies of college students' mobile English learning through APPs, which provided the basis for decision-making for product content, user segmentation, technical mode, and pricing strategy on APPs for college students' mobile English learning. Keywords—college English; mobile learning; APP


David Lewis has a general recipe for analysis: the Canberra Plan. His analyses of mind, color, and value all proceed according to the plan. What is curious is that his analysis of causation – one of his seminal analyses – doesn't. It doesn't and according to Lewis it can't. Lewis has two objections against using the Canberra Plan to analyze causation. After presenting Lewis' objections I argue that they both fail. I then draw some lessons from their failure.


Chaos can lead to self-oscillation, which affect thequality of induction motor drive system?. This effect happens with nonlinear systems, which are sensitive to the initial conditions, but governed by deterministic laws unlike random. to The present study aims to investigate the chaos that occur in the nonlinear systems - three phase AC drives using induction motor by the rotor of flux oriented control. After analyzing the phenomena based on a mathematical model, simulation will prove chaotic behavior when parameters fall into period doubling bifurcation regions. It showed clearly the chaotic behaviors through time response, phase diagram, Fourier spectrum, Poincaré section, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents. Besides, the sensitivity of the initial condition of the system was also well presented. This is the typical characteristic of a chaotic system. In conclusion, this is a suitable algorithm - sliding mode control put forward to suppress the chaotic oscillations quickly and return the system to the normal working, therefore, could improve the quality of the system.)


The importance of EMG signal is very widespread in many areas of biomedical application due to its distinct output characteristics. However, the small amplitude and noise vulnerability nature of EMG signal necessitates amplification and filtering through properly designed electronic circuitry. So far, a suitable design of an EMG amplifier with an optimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and biosafety feature is a challenging issue. Besides, the high cost of a medical grade bioelectric amplifier also limits the open source approach to clinical research and development. Our work delineates a simple, affordable, but efficient method to design an EMG amplifier with a clinical safety feature of optical isolation compared to other standard bio amplifiers. In addition, the research also focuses on the development of an efficient signal processing algorithm for the post processing of the bio-signals which can be easily implemented into any embedded system dedicated for human-computer interaction.


If a member of the press requests information about the names of people who participated in a court procedure, such a request should, in principle, be granted, according to a decision issued by the Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Federal Administrative Court - BVerwG) on 1 October 2014 (case no. 6 C 35.13).


The well-known rise in the geographical concentration of hog production suggests the presence of agglomeration economies related to spatial spillovers and inter-dependencies among industries. In this paper, we examine whether manure management regulation restricting manure application per acre may weaken productivity gains arising from the agglomeration process. We develop a spatial model of production showing that, on the one hand, dispersion is favored when manure is applied to land as a crop nutrient and, on the other hand, agglomeration is strengthened when farmers adopt manure treatment. Estimations of a reduced form of the spatial model with a SHAC procedure applied on 1988 and 2000 French hog production data confirm the role played by the spatial spillovers and the backward and forwards relationships. Results also suggest that manure management regulation does not work against the spatial concentration of hog production, but boosts the role played by spatial spillovers in agglomeration process


Although cross-cultural research concerning children's emotions is growing, few studies have examined emotion dysregulation in culturally diverse populations. This study compared 6- to 8-year-old children's reported methods of expressing and controlling anger, sadness, and physical pain, and their justifications for doing so across four groups in urban India: those with internalizing problems (N = 31), externalizing problems (N = 32), somatic complaints (N = 25), and an asymptomatic control group (N = 32). Results revealed that in comparison to physical pain, Indian children were less likely to report expressing anger and sadness through direct facial/verbal means. Control-group children reported expressing anger and sadness through indirect verbal cues more so than pain, whereas the internalizing and externalizing groups considered their expressions of anger and sadness uncontrollable and reported crying and utilizing aggressive behaviors, respectively, more than the control group. The somatic complaints group considered emotions trivial and reported withdrawing more than the control group.


Virtual Teams (VTs), consisting of participants from many geographically distant subunits, or even belonging to many organisations and communicating mainly through ICT, are used for the purpose of sharing development costs and shortening the time to market. The paper analyses how a VT may facilitate or prevent learning, knowledge generation, and ideation processes in New Product/Service Development (NP/SD). First, the definition of VTs as a specific form of organisation is discussed. Then a review of what has been written about this kind of organisation is given, to provide a better understanding of how this organisational form may impact the NP/SD process. Given the fact that few studies have been produced on the topic, the main research areas requiring further investigations are identified. Managerial recommendations are offered as a conclusion.


0. Introduction. In this paper we define a Lie algebra R of dimension p2n+1 over a field F of characteristic p > 2, which we show to be central simple if n + 2 is not divisible by p. From the fact that all derivations of R are inner we conclude that R is not isomorphic to known algebras of identical dimension (except, possibly, if n i(p2r + 2r 1), r 3:1). If n + 2 = 0 (mod p), it is shown that the algebra R2, of dimension p2n+1 — 1 over F, is central simple and also new. We finally perform a Cartan decomposition of both algebras. As R is a subalgebra of the Jacobson-Witt algebra(2), we start with a brief description of the latter: If F is an arbitrary field of characteristic p > 0, let Bn be the algebra of all polynomials in x1,---,x" subject to the condition that x{ = ■ ■ • = x* — 0. Then the space W" of all derivations over F of B" is the set of all transformations


In the structural vibration control, the object often has time-varying and non-linear characteristics, and its exact model is difficult to establish. Due to lack the ability of learning and regulating online, traditional fuzzy control using fuzzy reasoning also has obvious limitations. Adaptive fuzzy control method based on variable universe has advantages such as no need for exact models, fast response, high precision and strong robustness. It can solve the above two problems better. In this paper, the variable universe adaptive fuzzy control algorithm is researched based on the five-story building structure model. Firstly, the corresponding structure design is provided in details, and then the control law is given. Finally, through comparison and simulation, it is proved that the adaptive fuzzy control method based on variable universe is more effective than the traditional fuzzy control algorithm.


Italian authors of the IPCC Report Francesco Bosello, Sergio Castellari and Riccardo Valentini explain the main issues tackled by the second volume of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report, dedicated to climate change impacts. The video is introduced by Jonathan Lynn Head of Communications and Media Relations at IPCC.


A hybrid system is designed and experimentally demonstrated which simultaneously realizes the real-time visible light positioning and circumferential visible light communication for the human groups or intelligent devices working in the radio-frequency prohibited environment.


Multilayer coextrusion is a process in which two or more polymers are extruded and joined together in a feed block or die to form a single structure with multiple layers. These layers should be uniform in thickness across the structure for best performance. However, layer thickness nonuniformities have been observed in many coextruded products. Previous work has shown that these layer thickness variations can occur due to viscosity differences between the polymers in the layers and/or elastic effects that introduce secondary flows. The objective of this work is to examine the effect of viscous and elastic forces present in polyethylene coextrusion processes.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of eugenol and zinc oxide on antibacterial properties of polysulfone membrane. Polysulfone membranes were prepared by a simple phase inversion technique with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvent and polyethylene glycol as pore forming agent with zinc oxide and eugenol as additives. Membrane structure were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the effect of both additives towards the formation of dense top layer and porous bottom layer of membrane. Disc diffusion test was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli (E.coli). SEM result showed the formation of thin top and bottom layers with more porous structure for hydrophilic zinc oxide particle, while dense top and bottom layers with slightly smaller porous network for eugenol addition. However, accumulations of particles were found for membrane with zinc oxide at higher concentration. The synergistic effect of combination zinc oxide and eugenol on antibacterial activity against E coli was found in this study. Besides that, the inhibition ring of membrane was improved 200% when both zinc oxide and eugenol were added in polysulfone membrane, Based on the findings, we can conclude that membrane with a combination of zinc oxide and eugenol has a huge potential membrane for bacterial removal.


Magnetic fields play a major role in astrophysics, particularly considering the atmospheres of the Sun and stars. They create solar and stellar activities, heat outer atmospheres, accelerate winds. The generation of these fields, the way they produce activity cycles, accelerate and heat plasmas is far from being understood. More generally, magnetic fields are found to influence, sometimes drastically, a large number of physical processes (and in particular transport processes) and are therefore expected to have an important impact during various phases of stellar evolution, and in particular during star formation. In presence of magnetic fields, Zeeman effect polarizes spectral lines. Weak magnetic fields can be diagnosed using the Hanle effect. Spectropolarimetry is the technique of choice to access magnetic fields in stellar and solar atmospheres. The Sun is the only star that offers the potential of studying magnetic activity in great detail. The French-Italian solar telescope THEMIS has been built for such investigations. New-generation spectropolarimeters, like ESPADONS at CFHT and NARVAL at TBL will soon give access to surface magnetism with some spatial resolution, for much fainter stars, so for many more objects, than was previously possible.


Epidemiology Every year, about 1% of US population sustains a burn injury. More than 2million burns occur and a quarter of which require medical care and produce significant disability. Approximately 1,00,000 patients require hospital admission and more than10,000 persons die of burnrelated causes annually in USA. The commonly involved ages are 2-4 years old, for whom scalding is the most common cause and 17-25 years old, usually male, for whom the commonest is inflammable liquid. The incidence of burn injury varies greatly between cultures. In the UK(Population 65 million), each year around 175000 people visit accident and emergency departments suffering burns, of whom about 13000 need to be admitted. About1000 have severe burns requiring fluid resuscitation, and half of the victims are under 16 years of age. The majority of burns in children are scalds caused by accidents with kettles, pans, hot drinks and bath water. Among adolescent patients, the burns are usually caused by young males experimenting with matches and inflammable liquids. In adults scalds are not uncommon but are less frequent than flame burns. Most electrical and chemical injuries occur in adults. Cold and radiation are very rare causes of burns. Associated conditions in adults such as mental disease (attempted suicide or assault), epilepsy and alcohol or drug abuse, are underlying factors in as many as 80% of patients with burns admitted to hospital in some populations. 2


This chapter briefl y traces the history of anaerobic digestion from the time the existence of this phenomenon was fi rst recorded four centuries ago to its rapidly increasing popularity at present. The extent of adaptation of biogas technology across the world is also briefl y reviewed. Whereas China and India lead the initiative from among developing countries, the thrust of the developed world is mainly coming from Western Europe.


Porokeratotic eccrine ostial and dermal duct nevus (PEODDN) is a rare hamartomatous malformation of the eccrine duct which typically presents at birth or early in life. Multiple punctate pits and verrucous papules and plaques with nonfollicular hyperkeratotic spines are seen over the palms and soles and may extend to the distal extremities. A linear distribution may be present. A wide range of involvement has been reported in the literature, including bilateral systematized involvement. No systemic involvement has been linked to PEODDN to date. Histologic findings are characteristic and include a dilated eccrine acrosyringium with an overlying parakeratotic column or cornoid lamella. There is slight dyskeratosis and loss of the granular layer under the cornoid lamella. Here, we present a case of bilateral systematized PEODDN in an otherwise healthy, 18 year-old Hispanic female. Physical examination is notable for marked hypoplasia of the left breast with overlying verrucous papules and plaques. Multiple punch biopsies were performed and showed findings diagnostic of PEODDN. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive involvement of PEODDN reported in the literature to date and the only case with associated hypoplasia of the breast.


Cohabitat is a new vibrant movement which simultaneously supports several ideas: natural buildings methods, open source hardware culture, sustainable design, permaculture and self-sufficiency. Is this too much? Should organisations like this be more specialised? Evidence shows that variety could be the recipe for fresh and self-rejuvenating movement – a right platform for promoting the idea of alternative technology


The optimal stopping problem in a Lévy model is investigated. We show that the stopping region is nonempty for a wide class of models and payoff functions. In the general case, we establish sufficient conditions on the payoff function that provide nonemptiness of the stopping region. For a zero discounting rate we also give conditions for the stopping region to have a threshold structure.


Electron beam (EB) lithography and direct patterning of low-dielectric-constant (low-k) materials are two crucial issues of nanofabrication technologies. In this paper, we propose direct patterning of negative tone hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) film of which can replace the use of resist processes including resist coating and stripping.


This study focuses on the indigenous peoples of Malaysia who are collectively categorized as the orang asli (indigenous people) in Malaysia. This group was selected as they face many challenges in the field of education which is often linked to poverty, incompatible teaching-learning methods, lack of facilities, and school leadership. The study investigates the role of school administrators, teachers, parents, and pupils in five selected schools in Malaysia. Five school headmasters, two administrative officials, 10 teachers, 10 parents, and 10 students took part in this qualitative study. Interviews on school leadership were explored in terms of challenges and good practices which leads to the development of a model that incorporates the findings from the study. It is hoped that the model which emphasizes sociocultural sensitivity, the need to draw on the knowledge and the skills of the orang asli for educational development, and reaching out to them will be helpful to indigenous peoples in Malaysia and other countries.


For an objective evaluation of the effectiveness of surgical approach, topographic anatomical criteria are known, which include: the axis of the operating performance, wound depth, angle of surgical performance and operating performance axis tilt, access zone. With the use of technology in arthroscopic treatment of anterior instability of the shoulder joint it was necessary to adapt the proposed concepts in open surgery. Objective: t o evaluate the performance criteria of arthroscopic access to treatment of traumatic anterior instability of the shoulder joint. Methods: We applied Sozon-Yaroshevich method and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of surgical approach adapted for endoscopy. Results: The authors have changed some concepts that are used for evaluation of the wound in the abdominal endoscopic surgery. In particular, the angle of the operating performance, the apex of which is the point of setting the endoscopic port and rays — the direction of the instrument determines the possibility of moving the wound instruments and achieve extreme points of accessibility zones. Important for arthroscopic surgery is the concept of range of motion of the instrument (extreme possible its position within the port), the effective angle of operational steps (between the extreme positions of the tool by which the execution of the necessary manipulations) area accessibility (areas of the bottom of the wound, which can be opened for inspection and manipulation). The concept: an optimal angle of attack, formed a line slope edge instruments and glenoid border when convenient to carry out manipulations to prepare input channel and anchor in articular edge of the blade; the effective accessibility zone (bottom area of the wound where the manipulations performed without restrictions). This scheme calculation of surgical approach. Conclusions: Arthroscopic method of operation has certain performance standards. Clinical features of pathology determine the different approaches to treatment and improving arthroscopic technique.


The cotton plant is a perennial with an indeterminate growth habit, and reputed to have the most complex growth habit of all major row crops. Furthermore, it is very responsive to management and changes in the environments and responds to any perturbations in its environment with a dynamic growth response that is often unpredictable. Cotton producers and researchers have, therefore, used plant growth regulators (PGRs) and other cultural practices as a means to manage the balance between vegetative and reproductive growth for efficient cotton production. The following provides some information on why we use PGRs, the problem with many of the existing PGRs, and a summary of field and growthroom research on the evaluation PGRs at the University of Arkansas. Starter and foliar fertilizers will not be dealt with here.


ABSTRACT Speech pathology clinical education literature states that in order to meet the goals of clinical education, including producing students who are self-directing, self-evaluating learners, supervisory styles need to change over time. The importance of utilizing a variety of supervisory styles has been well documented, and has a major role in influencing student learning outcomes. Despite this, studies carried out in the area consistently suggest that supervisors do not adapt their supervisory style to match students' learning needs. One reason for this lack of change may be the absence of a precise definition of supervisory style. This paper reports the results from a study in which the researchers collaborated with supervisors to develop a consentaneous definition of supervisory style and its component behaviours. This definition was then used by supervisors in a study to analyse and adapt supervisory styles.


We evaluate the system performance of a multicarrier DS CDMA system proposed by Kondo and Milstein (see IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol.44, no.2, p.238-46, 1996) when there is correlation in the fading of the various subcarriers. We consider the average probability of error of the system when both multiple access interference and partial-band interference are present, and compare the results with that of a single carrier RAKE system.


As the most commonly techniques to landslide inventory mapping, visual interpretation and geomorphological field surveys are time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this paper, a probabilistic topic model, maximum entropy discrimination latent Dirichlet allocation (MedLDA), is presented to detect landslides with satellite images of two different spatial resolutions in a weakly supervised way. A two-stage algorithm is inferred the model. First, before- and after- the event MODIS NDVI productions are employed to roughly locate probable landslides, i.e., low-resolution vegetation-cover changes. Second, MedLDA model is learned by both NDVI change values (i.e., the weakly supervised information) and post-event SPOT 5 images to detect the landslide. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is a very promising way to detect landslides in vegetated regions.


In a recent issue of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Saito et al published an interesting meropenem population pharmacokinetics (PK) model in 34 critically ill children.….


Abstract Diode array detection (DAD) was used in HPLC trace determination of benzo(a)pyrene in gas emission. The lienarity and detection limit was calculated. It was found that DAD - HPLC combination is selective and sensitive enough to be used for the monitoring of the benzo(a)pyrene concentration in gas emission where its presence is presumed. The limit of the determination of the suggested method is 1 /ug/m3.


Despite the unprecedented growth of Internet based E Commerce in recent years, the rate of penetration in developing countries such as India is lower. Among several factors responsible for this, the poor state of infrastructure and low levels of online trust stand out significantly. Infrastructure issues have caught the attention of the business and policy makers but not the trust issues. This is largely due to lack of understanding of the notion of online trust and the challenges in fostering it. This paper addresses this issue in some detail. We discuss specific issues that a Business-to Business market place will confront when fostering Online Trust using a few Indian case studies. We develop a framework for building online trust and discuss the manner in which online marketplace fosters trust. We discuss how CredibilityFirst, a new venture of CRISIL proposes to foster online trust in B2B markets. Finally we show that the notion and exact requirement of trust vary depending on the nature of players and the type of market structure.


A series of molecularly imprinted polymers(MIP) were prepared in different solvents using semicarbazide as the template molecule,methacrylic acid as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker.The effects of the composition of polymerization systems on the adsorption property of MIP were investigated and subjected to the Scatchard analysis.The results indicated that the best adsorption property between MIP and the template was obtained under the following conditions:the ratio of template to functional monomer was 1∶4,and the solvent was CH3OH/CH3CN(at a ratio of 1∶1,V/V),and a kind of the same binding sites which could specially bind semicarbazide by the interaction of hydrogen bonding was formed in the polymer with its dissociation constant equating to 1.44 mmol/L.


THE Conference Committee on Graduate Training in Surgery sponsored by the American Board of Surgery, the American College of Surgeons, and the American Medical Association was organized to evaluate residency programs in surgery. There is apparently confusion in the minds of some physicians as to the activities and accomplishments of this committee. Records indicate, as shown in the table below, that in 1951, the first year of the Committee's activities, 224 four-year programs and 258 three-year programs were approved, with a total number of 3,877 residency positions available. In 1958 records indicate that 329 four-year programs and 198 threeyear programs were approved with a total number of 5,316 residency positions available. Lest it appear from these figures that approval of three-year programs is being curtailed, we wish to emphasize, as will be noted later, that in 1958 alone 19 three-year programs were elevated to a four-year program. The 5,316 residency


We describe several chemical sensors based on 1-0 conducting polymers, 2-D graphene and their composites. Polyaniline, polypyrrole and graphene are used in concert with additives whose chemistry is leveraged in order to take advantage of the conducting nature of the nanostructures for use in gas sensing, specifically arsine, phosgene, 2,4- dinitrotoluene and mercury vapor.