Simultaneous electrical stimulation and recording using multi-electrode arrays can provide a valuable technique for studying circuit connectivity and engineering neural interfaces. However, interpreting these measurements is challenging because the spike sorting process (identifying and segregating action potentials arising from different neurons) is greatly complicated by electrical stimulation artifacts across the array, which can exhibit complex and nonlinear waveforms, and overlap temporarily with evoked spikes. Here we develop a scalable algorithm based on a structured Gaussian Process model to estimate the artifact and identify evoked spikes. The effectiveness of our methods is demonstrated in both real and simulated 512-electrode recordings in the peripheral primate retina with single-electrode and several types of multi-electrode stimulation. We establish small error rates in the identification of evoked spikes, with a computational complexity that is compatible with real-time data analysis. This technology may be helpful in the design of future high-resolution sensory prostheses based on tailored stimulation (e.g., retinal prostheses), and for closed-loop neural stimulation at a much larger scale than currently possible. Author Summary Simultaneous electrical stimulation and recording using multi-electrode arrays can provide a valuable technique for studying circuit connectivity and engineering neural interfaces. However, interpreting these recordings is challenging because the spike sorting process (identifying and segregating action potentials arising from different neurons) is largely stymied by electrical stimulation artifacts across the array, which are typically larger than the signals of interest. We develop a novel computational framework to estimate and subtract away this contaminating artifact, enabling the large-scale analysis of responses of possibly hundreds of cells to tailored stimulation. Importantly, we suggest that this technology may also be helpful for the development of future high-resolution neural prosthetic devices (e.g., retinal prostheses).


This research deals with the development of self concept of Hiroko as the main character in Namaku Hiroko by
Nh. Dini and tries to identify how Hiroko is portrayed in the story, how she interacts with other characters and whether she is portrayed as a character dominated by "I" element or "Me" element seen from sociological and cultural point of view. As a qualitative research in nature, the source of data in this research is the novel Namaku Hiroko (1967) and the data are analyzed and presented deductively The result of this analysis shows that in novel, Hiroko as a fictional character is portrayed as a girl whose personality develops and changes drastically from "me" to "I". When she was still in the village living with her parents, she was portrayed as a obedient girl who was loyal to the parents, polite and acted in accordance with the social custom. In short her personality was dominated by "Me" self concept. On the other hand, when she moved to the city (Kyoto), she was portrayed as a wild girl no longer controlled by the social custom. She was firm and determined to her won for her future without considering what other people would say about her. She did not want to be treated as object. To put it in another way, her personality is more dominated by the "I" self concept.


Big data and artificial intelligence (AI) assist businesses with decision-making. They help companies create new products and processes or improve existing ones. As the amount of data grows exponentially and data storage and computing power costs drop, AI is predicted to have great potentials for banks. This chapter discusses the implications of big data and AI for the banking industry. First, we provide background on big data and AI. Second, we identify areas in which banks can benefit from big data and AI, and evaluate their applications for the banking industry. Third, we discuss the implications of big data and AI for regulatory compliance and supervision. Last, we conclude with the limitations and challenges facing the use of big-data based AI.


political origins and consequences, and their constitutive roles in the unfolding of social relations and daily life. Yet aside from a brief mention of the obligatory panopticon metaphor, this volume goes out of its way to avoid invoking any of these topics. Rather, it focuses at length on the technical details of social engineering and environmental monitoring. These matters are indeed interesting in their own right, but the volume would have benefited greatly from a cursory injection of recent conceptual approaches widely utilized by human geographers working within various theoretical traditions. Second, and perhaps derivative of the first criticism, the volume rarely attempts to integrate itself into the extant geographical literature. There are no citations. Monmonier occasionally mentions a geographer and his/ her work in passing, but his book stands oddly isolated from the lines of thought, debates, and issues that occupy other geographers. Perhaps because the book is more oriented to an informed lay public than to an academic audience, it contributes to the geographical literature from the perspective of an outsider, rather than from that of one working within the field. Despite these reservations, this is still a fine volume for anyone interested in the social dimensions of GIS and related technologies. It would make for a useful supplement in courses onmap analysis or seminars on the social uses of geographic information.


I n nonhalophytic plants, saline conditions reduce vegetative growth and yields. Salt stress effects on plants from soil (≥4 dS·m–1 EC and 15% exchangeable Na+, plants require soluble Ca2+ fertilizers to remedy ionic imbalances, which adversely affect their growth and development. Selecting crops and cultivars that can tolerate saline conditions and may produce economically acceptable yields is very important. Plants in the same family, or even the same species, react differently to saline conditions. For example, in Cruciferae, the order from highest to lowest tolerance to balanced fertilizer salts was cabbage > cauliflower > broccoli > kohlrabi (Csizinszky, 1979), and, in Leguminosae, the order was green pea > faba bean > soybean > green bean (Delgado et al., 1994). In Solanaceae, differences to salt stress among tomato cultivars were reported by Perez-Alfocea et al. (1993) and among eggplant cultivars by Zurayk et al. (1993). Many plants have salt-sensitive stages during their development when irrigation by saline water should be avoided. Germinating seeds and young seedlings are particularly sensitive to salt stress, and irrigation with saline water during these stages is harmful. Hamdy et al. (1993) recommended irrigation with good-quality water during the salt-sensitive stages of growth, followed by saline water during later growth stages, when goodquality water may be scarce for irrigation purposes. Although consumptive use of water by agriculture and industry has declined since the mid-1980s, the demand for food, water, and land by an ever-growing population has increased (Solley, 1993; Suarez, 1992). Under these conditions, the knowledge of crop management on marginal lands, an understanding of irrigation management with brackish water, and crop selection for saline environmental conditions will increase in importance for horticulturists. In the following articles, some soil and crop management methods, breeding and selecting plants for salt tolerance, and aspects of water and solute transport in soils are discussed.


Violence, and the threat of violence, is a pervasive feature of women's lives. From high‐profile threats in politics to everyday harms such as domestic abuse, violence, threat, and intimidation control women's behaviour and silence their voices. Yet in many cases the pernicious and harmful effect of threat is not captured by the law. Drawing on the work of sociologist Pierre Bourdieu and empirical research undertaken in Northern Ireland, this article analyses the ways in which both objective and 'incorporated' social structures generate invisible forces of fear and threat that the law does not see, but that women feel and structure their lives around. The article develops the novel conceptual tool of 'invisible threats' to capture threat as harm, to show the relation between threat and gendered (in)securities, and to challenge institutions of the law to respond better to invisible threats as perceived and articulated by women.


Swirling flow generates rotating flows, turbulence jet and free jet wakes at the downstream of swirler in combustion chamber & offer an interesting field of study for aerospace and mechanical engineers in general and for combustion engineers in particular since it involves complex interaction of recirculation and turbulent mixing which aid flame stabilization in combustion systems. The core objective of this study is to present the details of the experimental procedure and measurements made in an axisymmetric swirler model. The flow through 6 and 8 blades 45° vane swirler and with and without incorporating diffuser after swirler is studied experimentally. An overlap angle of 30° is provided between the vanes for the proper guidance of the flow through swirler. A hemi spherical bluff body is attached to the hub in order to overcome the inlet flow field distortion. A 6.5 mm diameter five-hole probe has been used. A traversing mechanism is used to control the traversing of the probe. The recirculation velocities at the centre core and corner regions are well captured with the five-hole probe. Five-hole pitot probe measurements along the entire length of the model at different stations, allow the determination of axial mean velocity component and pressure field parameters, which provide comprehensive information to aid and understand such complex recirculation flows. Flow field characteristics downstream of the swirler at different axial locations are examined in detail. The recirculation length and width are found to be strongly dependent on the amount of turbulence created by the vane swirler.


Coffee cultivation has been growing significantly, since the world demand has increased considerably in recent decades. Among the coffees, conilon coffee has been a good option for cultivation in the Cerrado, as it presents good production in areas of high altitudes, however the study of canefora coffee in irrigated system in the Cerrado is something recent. The work aimed to analyze the productive potential of superior clones of caneflower coffee cultivars through agronomic performance under irrigated conditions in the Central Cerrado and to select the outstanding clones for future use in genetic improvement programs. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of Embrapa Cerrados in Planaltina - DF, in a randomized block design with three replications. The cultivars evaluated were Diamante ES 8112, ES 8122 - Jequitibá and Centenária ES 8132, each composed of 9 clones totaling 27 conilon coffee genotypes, with different maturation times. The clones were planted with 3.5 x 0.5 m spacing in a center pivot irrigation system. The characteristics evaluated from two harvests (2018 and 2020) were: average grain yield (PMG); percentage of grains retained in sieve 16 (sieve > 16); percentage of mocha grains (GMO); average plant height (AP), crown projection (PC) and number of productive nodes (NNP). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance level. Based on the result of the analysis of variance, there was a significant difference in all maturation cycles for the traits PMG, sieve > 16, GMO, AP, PC and NNP. The averages of grain size percentage in sieve size 16 or larger were distinct in the 3 groups analyzed. It was found that the averages of production of processed grains (PMG) were different in the two years evaluated, due to the environmental conditions imposed from one year to another. Within the clones, clone 207 presented the highest grain yield value in 2020 with 12493 kg ha-1. There was genotypic variability in the behavior of clonal varieties and their respective clones, being able to select clones and use them within breeding programs, for targeted crosses and subsequent development of new cultivars.


Objective To construct the recombinant expression vector of genes encoding antibody Fab fragments against Mumps Viruses.Methods The total RNA extracted from PBLs of patients or volunteers infected with Mumps Viruses was reverse transcribed, and light chain and heavy chain Fd fragments of the Immunoglobulin genes were amplified by PCR using primers flanking κ,λ and Fd. After digestion with SacI+XbaI and SpeI+XhoI, the amplified fragments were cloned into phagemid pComb3 and electrotransinfected into competent E coli XL1 blue. Results 110μg total RNA was extracted from PBLs with high quality. About 700bp κ,λ and Fd gene fragments were amplified by RT PCR. The PCR products were ligated with pComb3 after purification and double digestion, and then electrotransinfection was conducted with final 2 48×10 7 transforming ratio under the condition of 2 5kv, 200Ω, 25μF. PCR identification was conducted on 10 random clones. There were 5 clones containing light chain and heavy Fd gene fragments. Conclusion The recombinant expression plasmid harboring antibody Fab gene fragments against Mumps Viruses was constructed. Further construction of phage Fab library against Mumps Viruses was in progress.


DC-coupled microgrids are simple as they do not require any synchronization when integrating different distributed energy generations. However, the control and energy management strategy between the renewable energy sources and the energy storages under different operating modes is a challenging task. In this paper, a new energy management scheme is proposed for the grid connected hybrid energy storage with the battery and the supercapacitor under different operating modes. The main advantages of the proposed energy management scheme are effective power sharing between the different energy storage systems, faster dc link voltage regulation to generation and load disturbances, dynamic power sharing between the battery and the grid based on the battery state of charge, reduced rate of charge/discharge of battery current during steady state and transient power fluctuations, improved power quality features in ac grid and seamless mode transitions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by both simulation and experimental studies.


SUMMARY We study the influence of 1-D randomly stratified media on both the transmissivity and reflectivity of obliquely incident elastic plane waves. For this, a combination of the invariant embedding method with the small-perturbation expansion is used. The resulting analytic expressions for the plane time-harmonic and transient P- and S I/-wave transmissivities and reflectivities can be used for both deterministically and statistically specified stratifications. They do not have any essential restrictions concerning the frequency range of validity. However, it is assumed that the fluctuations of the density and compressional and shear velocities are small in comparison with the average values of these parameters. The analytic expressions for the attenuation coefficients and phase velocities of the P and W transmissivities predict their smoothed behaviour well in one single realization of a 1-D random medium. Both expressions can be considered as fundamental wave attributes for a 'dynamic-equivalent medium'. They can also be looked upon as a generalization of the well-known O'DohertyAnstey formula, which can now account for oblique incidence and mode-conversion effects in an inhomogeneous 1-D medium with depth-dependent statistics. Likewise, the resulting frequency-dependent phase velocities can be considered as a broadfrequency-range generalization of their static approximations, obtained by what is known as Backus averaging. They postulate a frequency-dependent elastic transverse isotropy of the dynamic-equivalent medium, which replaces the random 1-D medium. We use the dynamic-equivalent-medium description to formulate some simple approximations of the P- and SV-wave reflectivities.


Dipole moments, linear and non-linear polarizabilities of [Mo(NO){HB(dmpz)3}Cl{OC6H4[CHCHC6H4N(CH3)2-4]-4} (dmpz = 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl) (DMAMoS) and p,p′-dimethylaminonitrostilbene (DMANS) calculated at the SCF and second-order Moller–Plesset correlation (MP2) level with an effective core potential (ECP) basis set are reported. It is shown for DMANS that the ECPs are as accurate as calculations using all-electron basis sets of comparable quality. The effect of diffuse functions on the dominant components of the hyperpolarizabilities of DMANS is small. The dipole moment and linear polarisabilities of DMANS are in very good agreement with experimental values. The calculated hyperpolarisabilities are much smaller than the reported experimental values, but there
are large uncertainties among the latter concerning calibration factors, concentration dependence and permanent local field effects, which render direct comparison difficult. Electronic correlation effects on the hyperpolarisabilities are large, especially for DMAMoS, for which the dominant component of the first hyperpolarisability increases by a factor of 5. Generally, the hyperpolarisabilities of DMANS are found to be larger than those of DMAMoS, in spite of the highly polarisable electronic charge-transfer character of the latter.


A review of the biology of the invasive ladybird, Harmonia axyridis Pallas 1773, is given. The species was recorded in 2006 for the fi rst time in Norway, and its potential for establishment in Norway is discussed. The specimen was found on horticultural plants imported from Aalsmeer in the Netherlands to Oslo, Norway. H. axyridis originates from East-Asia. The species is known to be a voracious predator on aphids and has been extensively used as a biological control agent in both North America and Europe. In later years, however, a number of negative impacts on the environment and biodiversity have been reported. The species was assessed as a potential bio-control agent for use in Norwegian greenhouses in 2001. The assessment was negative with respect to import and commercial use in Norway. It was concluded that H. axyridis might survive and become established outdoors and thereby pose a risk to the environment. Recent experiences from the UK have shown that H. axyridis compasses several of the traits characterizing a successful invasive alien species. More record of the species in Norway may succeed after this fi rst occurrence. It is likely that this species will survive outdoors, at least in the southern parts of Norway.


Joanna Ball is Head of Library Content Delivery and Digital Strategy at the University of Sussex, where she provides strategic direction for the teams who acquire, license and deliver the Library's print and digital resources. She is also responsible for technical innovation and the development of library systems, including the library services platform, discovery system and institutional repository. Additionally, she has driven the development of a research data management (RDM) policy and solution for the University.


We present a method that can detect a circular traffic signs and Light Emitting Diode (LED) traffic signs by combining fast radial symmetric transform and a proposed symmetric shape detection method. The proposed method can choose the appropriate size and sign type by computing the confidence of given image to each pre-defined signs, In a real road video that includes LED signs and circular traffic signs, our algorithm scored 94.3 % detection ratio and 0.33 false positive per frame; these results are acceptable in advanced driver assistance systems.


Abstract New data on Medicare Part B payments show provider-level utilization of two similar but distinct biologic medications used to treat wet age-related macular degeneration. Their interaction provides insight into the ability of manufacturers to effectively segment markets and suggests some analogies for the future interplay between originator biologics and biosimilars. In particular, most ophthalmologists administer a mix of Avastin (used off-label), Lucentis, and other drugs; only a small share exclusively choose Lucentis. This is inconsistent with the hypotheses that (1) the manufacturer is able to effectively segment the market, and (2) the major factor driving physicians' product choice is the financial motivation. The data are consistent with the notion that physicians typically exercise medical judgment on a patient-by-patient basis and that product choice is driven largely by factors other than simple financial interests. This raises important dynamic efficiency considerations regarding incentives for future biologic competition.


This work evaluates the efficiency of okra powder in removing turbidity, suspended solids and ions of Fe from synthetic raw water through coagulation-flocculation process. The raw water samples with initial turbidity of 100 NTU were prepared using natural red clay (-32+100 mesh particle size). The jar tests were carried out by varying the pH and the dose of okra powder. The initial pH 8.0 of synthetic raw water and 30 mgL-1 okra powder caused 80.92% reduction of Fe ions and 99% turbidity removal after 10 minutes of sedimentation. The efficiency of Fe the removal was evaluated by characterization EDX sludge formed after sedimentation with and without okra powder and the jar tests were carried out using a solution of ferric sulfate as the coagulating agent.


Widal slide test is one of the serologic tests which are practical, inexpensive and not time consuming. The Widal slide test can be performed in small laboratories, but the sensitivity and specificity depend on the antigen. Salmonella typhi in Indonesia consists of five phage types (D2, A, B1, D6 and E1), however, in Indonesia, it is difficult to differentiate between these phage types. Our objectives is to compare the diagnostic value of Widal slide test with one phage type and four phage types local antigen  in typhoid fever patients. The method in this research is an observational, cross sectional study. Carried out on 78 patients consisting of 39 patients with positive gall culture and 39 non typhoid fever patients with fever and negative gall culture  diagnosed as dengue hemorrhagic fever, malaria, B Hepatitis and Salmonella paratyphi A fever. The results come out that cut off value of Widal slide determined by O or H titer agglutinin was 1/80. The result of Widal slide was considered as positive if O agglutinin titer was more than the cut off value (≥1/160). The sensitivity of Widal slide one phage type was 30.76% (very low) and the specificity was 94.87% (high). Positive Predictive Value was 85.71% (high) and Negative Predictive Value was 57.81% (low), diagnostic efficiency was 62.82% (low). The sensitivity of Widal slide four phage types was 82.05% (high) and the specificity was 82.05 % (high). PPV was 82.05 % (high) and NPV was 82.05 % (high), diagnostic efficiency was 82.05 % (high). Mc. Nemar statistics showed a significant difference in results between Widal slide one phage type and four phage types.  Therefore, we conclude that Widal slide four phage types showed a higher sensitivity and specificity than one phage type. For the future, we suggest Widal slide test to use four or five phage type's local antigen.


We present results from the first three-dimensional calculations ever to follow the collapse of a molecular cloud core (~10-18 g cm-3) to stellar densities (>0.01 g cm-3). The calculations resolve structures over 7 orders of magnitude in spatial extent (~5000 AU-0.1 R☉) and over 17 orders of magnitude in density contrast. With these calculations, we consider whether fragmentation to form a close binary stellar system can occur during the second collapse phase. We find that, if the quasi-static core that forms before the second collapse phase is dynamically unstable to the growth of nonaxisymmetric perturbations, the angular momentum extracted from the central regions of the core, via gravitational torques, is sufficient to prevent fragmentation and the formation of a close binary during the subsequent second collapse.


In eddy current testing (denoted as ECT), for restraining the support structure and reserving the flaw, one has invented a mixing-frequency method by adding signals in different channels. Later, our team has presented a NNT-cancellation mixing-frequency (denoted as NNTCM) method, in which one uses the information about the data about some heat transfer tube, but not about the calibration tube to realize cancellation, and the final result from a group of given data is stable and ideal intuitively. However, in that algorithm we didn't give the specific method of obtaining the rotating angle of the low-frequency differential channel (LFDC) signal to make the cancelled-structure energy minimize. To do this, in this paper we present a method of searching for the rotating angle of the LFDC signals, in which, we first determine the positions of these structures, and then give a rotating angle of the high-frequency differential channel (denoted as HFDC) signal when the phase angle of the through-hole is pointed to 40 degrees, and next, let the rotating angle of the LFDC signals change from 1 degree to 180 degrees, in the following we take these actions on high and low signals: rotating, removing the trend curve, cancelling, computing out all the sums of the norms of the signals at all structures after cancellation, giving the minimal index of the sum vector, which is the rotating angle of the LFDC signal we seek. More examples show this method is effective.


Pear anthracnose,caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides,occurs throughout pear-growing areas in Jiangsu and Anhui provinces during the last few years and causes significant economic losses.The objective of this study is to explore the biological characteristics of C.gloeosporioides,which would benefit further understanding of the disease and control of the disease effectively.Twenty-five strains of C.gloeosporioides were isolated and identified from the diseased leaves and pomes of the orchards in Fengxian,Jiangsu province.Three strains with dark green and thick colonies had strong pathogenicities,while 4 strains with white and thin colonies had weak pathogenicities.Fast growing colonies showed strong pathogenicities,and slowly growing colonies displayed weak pathogenicities.There was no relationship between conidia-yielding and pathogenicity.The optimum temperature for mycelia growth of C.gloeosporioides was 25-30 ℃,and the optimum pH value was 5.0-7.0.C.gloeosporioides could make use of many carbohydrates and inorganic and organic nitrogen,the optimum carbon source being sucrose,and the optimum nitrogen source being beef extract.


After many years of thorough analysis of and field investigation into the context of the Classic of Mountains and Rivers,the authors found that the divine tree,known as Jianmu in Chinese and recorded in the Classic of Regions within the Seas: South and Classic of Regions within the Seas is a type of fagaceae plant called Castanopsis eyrei found in the Daming Mountains of Guangxi.The documented historical records of Jianmu found in classic literature use analogy of commonly found plants and animals.This technique is namely "analogical naming".Such thinking had an important influence on the formation of ancient Chinese natural history and ran through the development of ancient Chinese theory of natural history.


The green development of industry means less resources consumption and less pollutant discharged.In this paper,based on four indexes such as specific energy consumption,specific water consumption,specific COD discharged and specific SO2 discharged for industry increased by every ten thousand yuan valued,two conceptions,Green Development Index(GDI) and Green Contribution(GC) were proposed to evaluate comprehensively the green development level of the industry.The Green Development Index and Green Contribution were used to evaluate quantitatively the green development level of industry of Chongqing in 2004.The results showed that there were significant differences among the different districts in Chongqing and the main urban districts as well as several central districts had higher green development level than other districts.


The God to whom Shestov turns is the creator God of Genesis, and not the commander-demander God of Exodus and the later books. Faith in God is, according to Shestov, not passive belief or trust, but the courage which lifts us out of despair into action precisely when our most familiar guiding principles have been shattered. In Athens and Jerusalem Shestov reviews the entire history of philosophy -characteristically, omitting British philosophy. His lengthy review is intended to show that, with a few exceptions, the philosophic progeny of Athens seeks to persuade us that what we 7tnow makes nonsense of our most vital questions, hopes, fears, and loves. However important to us they may be, they must therefore be destroyed. Shestov interprets the great story of Genesis as saying that the only thing that can destroy Adam's freedom is his own belief that knowing what is true can limit or coniine him. Since Adam, countless men have loved and died, and we understand a great deal about the psychological and biological circumstances of love and death. But none of this can touch or help the lonely approach of each human being to that love and that death which is uniquely and vitally his. When a man realizes that he is alone on that silent and shadowless road, then the cry is wrung from him-"Help me; I am helpless, and anything can happen." It is easy to misunderstand Shestov: for example, to take him for a wild man denying the truth of the laws of chance in order to play Russian roulette. But he has nothing against common sense, science, or logic (remembering that by '10gic" Shestov understands the metaphysical logic of Idealism) . He is not an immoralist, or a nihilist. Rather, he is lighting those platitudinous rationalizations by which we all are tempted to blinker ourselves against the harsh brightness and darkness of our existence. His heroes are such figures as Abraham, Job, Oedipus, Hamlet, Wozzeck, Raskolnikov. His work is a philosophy of tragedy. But no review can do justice to the variety and suggestiveness of his aper,us. He must be read to be believed. ( DAVID SAVAN)


Anomaly-based network intrusion detection systems can take into consideration packet headers, the payload, or a combination of both. We argue that payload-based approaches are becoming the most effective methods to detect attacks. Nowadays, attacks aim mainly to exploit vulnerabilities at application level: thus, the payload contains the most important information to differentiate normal traffic from anomalous activity. To support our thesis, we present a comparison between different anomaly-based network intrusion detection systems, focusing in particular on the data analyzed by the detection engine to discover possible malicious activities. Furthermore, we present a comparison of two payload-based anomaly-based NIDSes: PAYL and POSEIDON.


The purpose of this paper is to examine, analyze and explore the psychological landscapes that affect The Catcher in the Rye's adolescent protagonist, Holden Caulfield who is in the throes of an existential crisis. Through the eyes of the protagonist, the novel vividly captures the cultural phenomena of the 1950's "Beat" generation that include: alienation of the conventional, rejection of materialism, and explicit portrayals of the human condition.
In this paper, major psychological theories such as Peter Pan syndrome, Oedipus complex, Freudian psychology are analyzed to explore how J.D. Salinger deals with the complex issues of identity, belongingness, adolescent alienation and loss of innocence. The research paper also seeks to explore the reasons why the novel continues to be a modern American literature classic for more than half a century.


The aim of the present study was to examine whether traumatic events during early postnatal stage would affect the rat brain development, focusing on the serotonergic (5‐HTergic) function. Rats exposed to aversive stimuli foot shock (FS) at the postnatal period of the second (2wFS), but not the third week (3wFS), markedly reduced fear‐related behavior during exposure to contextual fear conditioning at postadolescent period (10–12 week old). This anxiolytic‐like behavior was similar to that in rats having electrolytic lesion of median raphe nuclei (MRN) or dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN). On the other hand, 3wFS exerted anxiolytic properties estimating by elevated plus maze test, which was mimicked by electrolytic lesion of MRN, but not DRN. Furthermore, 5‐HT positive cells in MRN were significantly reduced in 3wFS compared to those in non‐FS controls. These results suggest that early postnatal stress differently affects the 5‐HTergic function. In other words, the critical period of neural circuit development appears to exist in the 5‐HTergic system, which may be implicated in the lifelong susceptibility to emotional stress.


We consider time-dependent Schrodinger equations in one dimension with double-well potential and an external nonlinear perturbation. If the initial state belongs to the eigenspace spanned by the eigenvectors associated to the two lowest eigenvalues, then, in the semiclassical limit, we show that the reduction of the time-dependent equation to a 2-mode equation gives the dominant term of the solution with a precise estimate of the error. By means of this stability result we are able to prove the absence of the beating motion for large enough nonlinearity.


Simple mechanochemical reaction of Mo and P elements in an inert atmosphere can lead to formation of crystalline MoP2 nanoparticle clusters consisting of dispersed 10 nm–sized nanoparticles. The MoP2 nanoparticle clusters have quite reversible lithium-ion insertion and extraction, showing the first discharge and charge capacities of 817 and 719 mAh/g coulombic efficiency of 88% , respectively between 0 and 1.5 V. Moreover, capacity retention after 60 cycles is 93% 669 mAh/g . In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, ex situ transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction results confirm no decomposition of MoP2 to other phases. However, upon increasing the cutoff voltage to 2 V, the capacity remains stable out to 10 cycles, after which it decreases rapidly, suggesting that MoP2 is decomposed to Mo and LinP phases. © 2008 The Electrochemical Society. DOI: 10.1149/1.3032115 All rights reserved.


Automated ultrasound scanning is a growing research field. However, existing platforms for mounting the ultrasound probe do not possess any soft, compliant properties that would ensure the safety of the patient. Moreover, many current ultrasound manipulators do not include tactile feedback or employ rather expensive commercial force sensors. This paper proposes the design of a flexible platform with soft joints. The device equips an ultrasound manipulator with both compliant behaviour and 6-axis force feedback without the need of a commercial force sensor. A general methodology was developed to derive the symbolic compliance matrix of such a flexible mechanism. Subsequently, a finite element analysis of the platform was carried out and the results were compared to the analytical solutions. The results show that force sensing based on the analytical method has an error of 5-16% compared to the FEA simulation, depending on the degree of freedom.


The paper deals with the challenges that Indian IT industries are facing, the paper is trying to crically analysis the reson for attrition taking in view the the HR policies of the companies.


This study analyzed the academic performance of successful community college transfer students by academic discipline courses. Grade distributions were compared between Des Moines Area Community College (DMACC) and Iowa State University (ISU) by matched disciplines. A T-test for equality of means and Chi-square analysis was used to determine significant differences in the grade distributions. The participants included 837 transfer students that graduated with a bachelor's degree from ISU between 1998 and 2002. Descriptive analysis of student demographics identified overall patterns and unique features of successful transfer students. Analysis of grade distributions of specific disciplines and community college general education courses identified significant differences. The results of the study indicated a majority of transfer students were female, white, traditional age, with lower than State of Iowa average ACT scores. Almost half (48.2%) of the students transferred 60-65 credits and 66% complete the bachelor's degree in 5 years. Overall CPA was significantly different between DMACC (2.96) and ISU (2.84). Significant differences were found in 20 of 31 matched discipline groups. DMACC general education grade distributions and ISU grade distributions were also significantly different. The results suggest that further research is necessary to analyze specific student characteristics and the related transfer success. Student support services and academic performance of community college courses will need further research. The significant differences in grade distributions suggest that faculty and administration of both institutions need to review course competencies, grading criterion and assessment techniques. Further research is warranted to better understanding specific community college academic


In 2006, Google entered the broadcast radio industry in an attempt to prove it could diversify its ad sales technology beyond the web. With a product called Google Radio Automation, the company simultaneously installed its ad tech and ingratiated itself with radio producers. Histories of automation and programmatic advertising in American radio help to contextualize Google's project and trace the roots of its failure. Publicity materials, industry reporting, and interviews with engineers and managers illuminate Google's efforts toward cultural and industrial integration with radio. Problems related more to consolidation than to technological change thwarted those efforts and saw Google abruptly shift its attention to streaming audio in 2009. Revisiting a time when platform companies sought to infiltrate rather than replace older media, this article proposes that the turn toward a new media paradigm had more to do with old media plights than with the insight of technology firms.


E-Health is one of the solutions to provide better access for patients and physician to healthcare facilities. In developing countries, e-Health is particularly important due to a shortage of physi...


The nodulation and nitrogen fixation of 34 species belonging to 19 genura of legumes have been studied in Maiji Arbortum, in which 12 genura, 21 species were introduced and acclimatized legume trees. Among of them 9 species have not been reported yet in literature. 28 samples of nodules were detected with the method of acetylene reduction. There are only 25% of legume root nodules whose acetylene reduction activity is over 1 μmol/g·h. The highest of acetylene reduction activity in introduced trees is only 3.15 μmol/g·h.24 strains isolated were tested infecting in 8 species.91.6% strains of tested rhizobia can nodulate with host plants. The nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation of introduced legume trees were discussed.


This paper discusses what "automation of serials" should mean. It should include the all important check-in function, which is complicated for various reasons. Administrators don't usually know that a central serials file is dynamite. After watching computers we have come to realize how efficient a manual system can be and why. A truly automated system does not yet exist, but there are some semi-automated operations. Since computerization is here to stay, this paper sounds a number of warnings, among them the specter of information inflation and bibliographic overkill. Yet in the future automated serials systems will be effective if they are on-line and comprehensive, including full claiming and binding control, and ideally the ability to write checks. Reasons are given to explain why NOTIS-3 is probably the best system now in operation, although apparently not yet cost effective. This paper ends with a discussion of costs. Good cost studies do not appear to exist; yet a computerized serials system should...


The differences between English and Chinese mode of thinking and their resulting characteristics of the two languages in the lexical,syntax,chapters have an impact on the University Students' English writing.In this paper,from the level of chapters,an attempt is made to analyze and explore the impact.It aims to improve the students' writing and to achieve good results in the English writing course.


In this paper, a compact and high selectivity dualband dual-mode microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) with source-load coupling is proposed using the short-stub-loaded folded SIR. Five transmission zeros can be generated near the passband edges and in the upper-stopband to improve the frequency selectivity and stopband performance, due to the main path signal counteraction and the folded arms of the resonator. The locations of the transmission zeros and stopband rejection level can be adjusted simply by varying the source-load coupling structure. Finally, a dual-band dual-mode BPF for GPS and WLAN applications is designed, fabricated and measured for experimental verification of the predicted results. And the measured results agree well with the EM simulations.


Aim: The current survey was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) among oral surgeons in the state of Tamil Nadu. Methodology: The cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among oral surgeons in the state of Tamil Nadu. The self-administered questions related to knowledge and awareness of PRP were collected from 500 participants. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS (V 22.0).The frequency distribution was computed. Results: This survey exposed that 454 (90.4%) respondents had knowledge and awareness about the role of PRP. Forty (7.0%) were knowledgeable regarding the PRP treatment. Four hundred and fifty-four (90.6%) had aware about the usage of PRP procedures in oral surgery. Conclusion: The current study's findings indicate that the oral surgeons were aware of PRP as an auxiliary therapeutic technique for wound healing and maturation.


Background

Acculturation is learning and adopting cultural traits different from the ones with which the person was originally growing up.
Methods

The researchers employed a transformative mixed research design. We randomly selected 349 participants from both the majority and their counterparts. Item measures acculturation choices of native and Rastafarians which were adapted from Navas et al. (2005) Relative Acculturation Extended Model. We computed multinomial logistic regression analysis to identify determinants of majorities' and minorities' acculturation preferences. A p-value < 0.05 considered significant.
Results

The study has shown that most of the respondents preferred the marginalization approach 54.7%. This result also highlighted that the second-largest preferred acculturation was assimilation 22.6%. Over 26.8% of the Rastafarians, pick separation preference. in the condition where the Rastafarians were to speak the local language, their likelihood of making integration to marginalization increased by 0.37 unit while holding all other variables in the model constant (AOR = 0.374, 95% CI (.146,.959). If a majority were to increase smoking Ganja by one point, the odds of preferring integration to marginalization enhanced by 0.008 points (AOR = 0.008, 95% CI (.001, 072). As for factors related to Rastafarians' acculturation decision, divorce is one factor because many Ethiopian women who have a relationship with local men marry and bear children to Rasta men just to share their resources. In this study, the likelihood of making integration to marginalization optimized by 41.95 points if the local people had the habit of smoking Ganja (AOR = 41.95, 95% CI (2.51,.701.69). The Rastafarian reported that the town leaders have been continuously accusing them of planting and smoking Ganja, marijuana, and others.
Conclusion

The research suggested that there are some individuals working against the Rastafarians; therefore, elders and Abba Gedas have to work together to protect the vulnerable group as the Oromo culture, nurture togetherness and peaceful coexistence not to displace their neighborhood. We found that the Rastafarian people lack unity among themselves because there are some individuals often creating problems and paving the way for other intruders to discriminate against the Rasta community. Therefore, before blaming others it is a good idea if you first clean your houses.


This paper presents an evaluation of accuracies of a plastic hinge (PH) beam element and a spread plastic (SP) beam element for structural material nonlinear analysis. The cases of beam sectional material behavior under hardening and softening are investigated. The result shows that post-yielding response of member nodal force and deformation presented by the PH element is strongly influenced by the preset hinge length. The refined mesh of the SP element should be employed to obtain the accurate post-yielding response of member nodal force and deformation. The SP element fails to present consistent and rational evaluation of the post-yielding response of member nodal force and deformation in the case of section under softening. The two elements present consistent response of section force and deformation but different maximum curvatures.


The effects of adding small amounts of phosphorus to amorphous Fe 78 Si 9 B 13 alloys have been investigated. Substituting boron atoms by phosphorus improves the thermal stability of the glassy alloys. The optimum stability is reached at about 1.2 at. % phosphorus concentration. With respect to the soft ferromagnetic properties, the saturation induction increases rapidly with increasing phosphorus concentration, reaches a maximum around 0.1–0.2 at. % and then decreases upon further addition. The highest induction value was achieved with 0.1 at. % phosphorus after field annealing for 2 hours around 633K. The mechanical strength of the amorphous alloy is greatly reduced for phosphorus concentrations larger than 0.4 at. %.


According to nonlinear mechanics theory,the Mooney-Rivlin model constant of flexible joint elastomer was obtained by single axis tensile test,which was inputted into finite element calculation.At the same time,the load during cold wiggle test of flexible joint was analyzed.Finite element analysis was used for simulating cold wiggle of flexible joint.Cauchy shear stress and axial stress of flexible joint elastomer and bonded interfaces were emphatically analyzed.The results show that axial Cauchy stress on bonded interface under 0.15 MPa pressure are more than shear stress,which can result in bonded interface failure of flexible joint,and the calculation results agree well with the actual situation.


Particle-in-cell simulation and analytical modeling demonstrate that the reflection of a single-cycle light pulse from a thin target can produce an ultrashort ultraintense electromagnetic field.


IT IS usual to perform a Caesarean operation on American foreign policy by dividing it into three partsLatin American, European, and Far Eastern. This device enables one to classify conveniently the facts of diplomatic history. At certain periods and in certain respects the division may also be justified with reference to the nature of the policy pursued. Frequently, however, there are common characteristics which run the risk of being ignored in the interest of convenient classification. Similarly, the attempt to separate foreign from domestic policy may be misleading and may serve to obscure the close interrelationships between these two manifestations of the activities of one government. The same Congress raises and appropriates money for the Tennessee Valley Authority and for the Navy. The same executive is responsible for the expenditure of the money and for the creation and maintenance of these instruments of policy. The same taxpayer may cast an approving vote for the advocate of expenditures of funds for agricultural relief and an adverse vote against the advocate of expenditures for the fortification of distant naval bases. Through the first half of the nineteenth century, our Latin American and Far Eastern policies were not disparate, in the sense that the westward trend affected our relations with Mexico and Central America as well as with the Pacific area. Nor can our relations with Oregon's neighbor Canada be excluded from this picture. Foster Rhea Dulles, in his book America in the Pacific, admirably shows these interrelationships and others which linked the domestic issue of slavery with foreign policies. In 1931 Secretary Stimson's Far


An overall consideration of the linguistic situation of ethnic Koreans in China after liberation requires awareness of the following issues. First, the diasporic situation of the group that we now call Korean-Chinese did not arise for the first time at liberation. It is widely known that even prior to liberation, namely the defeat of Japanese colonialism, there existed diverse hindrances and difficulties in the linguistic lives of Korean-Chinese. The defeat of Japanese colonialism, the Chinese Civil War, and the founding of the People's Republic of China brought about very important changes in the linguistic lives of Korean-Chinese, and the process of these changes was inevitably situated in the historical context and social coditions after liberation. On account of this, an overall consideration of the linguistic lives of Korean-Chinese after liberation requires that we first obtain a detailed understanding of the particular situation in which the changes occurred under the enduring conditions of the diasporic situation, and we must comprehend what kind of historical context the changes formed in the linguistic lives and social conditions of Korean-Chinese. Second, the changes in the linguistic situation of ethnic Koreans in China after liberation are certainly not those internal to an isolated diasporic group. While Korean-Chinese have distinct and special issues, there is a need for their linguistic situation to illuminate the universal situation common1y encountered by the diverse ethnic minority groups in China, of which Korean-Chinese are a part. Although it is clear that the discovery of the "problem" of the linguistic situation of Korean-Chinese and the search for a "response" to it are very important, in certain cases it is impossible for Korean-Chinese society to resolve separately the social conditions of the linguistic situation encountered by Korean-Chinese. Accordingly, there is a need for the entire thought process that extends from awareness of the probtem to the search for a response to be conducted under the prerequisite awareness of the universal conditions of ethnic relations within China. In this process, detailed investigation into and comparative research about the linguistic environments encountered by ethnic minorities other than Korean-Chinese is one subject of long-term study that must be conducted for a detailed awareness of and techniques that address the universal conditions. Related to the second issue, the third issue is that the process of changes in the linguistic situation and conditions of ethnic Koreans in China as well as the self-awareness of the People's Republic of China or the unchanging conditions of its policy standpoint are not intuitive1y given. The process of the various changes among Korean-Chinese is closely interconnected with the formation of and process of ongoing changes in the self-awareness of the entire People's Republic of China, of which Korean-Chinese are one part. On account of this, the process of China's ethnic Koreans' newly discovering, understanding, and adapting to the conditions of their changed linguistic lives and historical context after liberation corresponds to the other side of the process of the People's Republic of China's, namely New China's, discovering, understanding, and institutionally responding to the cultural and political conditions inside the country and the historical context. The process of obtaining a detailed understanding and description of these three issues will involve establishing a cognitive space for a multi-faceted description of the linguistic situation of Korean-Chinese right after liberation.


The existing slope safety monitoring studies mainly focus on long-term monitoring of slowly evolving horizontal deformations. However, during the practical applications, sudden deformations may also lead to landslides due to the natural and man-made trigger factors. This article first proposes a reusable and distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) inclinometer for simultaneous measurement of horizontal deformation and vibration induced by sudden deformation, providing more extensive monitoring for slopes. The proposed inclinometer utilizes ten FBG tilt sensors in series as measuring elements, which are characterized by easy installation and removal, thus making them reusable and eliminating excessive waste. A signal decomposition method is presented for splitting the coupled signal of the tilt sensor into two parts: the inclination angle signal and the vibration signal. The inclination angle signals can be converted to distributed horizontal deformation through a cumulative algorithm. And the vibration intensity can be inferred from the vibration signal. The measuring principle, structure design, and calibration experiment of the inclinometer were present in detail. A distributed horizontal deformation generating device with high precision was specially developed to simulate the internal deformation of slope. Verification experiments further validated the feasibility of the proposed inclinometer for simultaneous measurement of horizontal deformation and vibration induced by sudden deformation.


Knowledge Management consist nowadays in a wide range of practices. However, there are two basic concepts in the Knowledge literature: Tacit and Explicit Knowledge. This article suggests conceptualizing both concepts related to 'the reality', and proposes a basic model for Acquisition, Creation and Transmission of knowledge, introducing the idea of 'Organic Knowledge' and 'Inorganic Knowledge'.


A set of GaxIn1-xAsySb1-y quaternary layers were grown on (100) GaSb substrates using the liquid phase epitaxy technique (LPE). These layers were doped with tellurium and were characterized by Raman, Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS). Several optical modes were identified by performing Raman spectroscopy characterization at room temperature and observing the effect of the impurity concentration on the Raman mode frequencies. From secondary ion mass spectrometry the concentrations of Te in the liquid solutions and the electron densities present in the layers were obtained. Finally, these last results were compared with those obtained from low temperature photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements at low temperatures on this set of samples.


As to worrying teaching qualities on large-class College English learning in higher vocational education,cooperative Learning theory seems to bring in opportunities for the reform in this area.The teaching experiment of "heterogeneous group cooperation" shown in this paper indicates that this teaching method can promote class scores increase,especially for inferior students.On the other hand,the fact that the experimental class got lower scores than one of controlled classes makes clear that,this method may have its defects and applicable scopes,still need to rethink profoundly and make in-depth research.


Background:
 Steatosis is a frequently associated with chronic liver disease. Western diet (WD)-induced steatosis has been shown consistently to be abated by hepatocyte-specific angiotensinogen (AGT) deficiency, independently of the synthesis of angiotensin peptides. However, the molecular mechanism by which AGT facilitates WD-induced steatosis is unknown. This study aims to determine the contribution of AGT to WD-induced transcriptomic changes in the liver.

 Methods and Results:
 To determine the molecular basis of liver steatosis, we performed temporal transcriptomic analyses by bulk RNA sequencing in mice fed a WD to induce steatosis. Livers from low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDLR-/-) mice fed WD (42% of calories from fat) for 5, 14, or 42 days were evaluated against mice fed normal diet. Gene ontology analysis revealed that upregulated genes were related to inflammation at each interval. Liver transcriptomes underwent a transition at 14 days WD that persisted at 42 days, evidenced by principle component analysis of unfiltered genes. To explore the contribution of AGT in steatosis, we next performed additional liver transcriptomic analyses comparing hepatocyte-specific AGT deficient (hepAGT
 -/-
 ) mice and wild type (hepAGT
 +/+
 ) littermates at 14 and 42 days of WD feeding. Compared to hepAGT
 +/+
 littermates, there were 128 and 23 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hepAGT
 -/-
 mice at 14 and 42 days of WD, respectively. Interestingly, four DEGs were overlapped between intervals. The four DEGs were
 Agt
 ,
 Mup21
 - a urinary protein with no human homolog,
 Moxd1
 - a predicted enzyme with no known substrate, and
 C4a -
 a pro-inflammatory zymogen critical in all three complement pathways. Since the gene ontology analysis identified the contribution of multiple genes related to inflammation, we focused on
 C4a
 . RT-qPCR detected a 2.7-fold decrease in
 C4a
 mRNA expression in hepAGT
 -/-
 mice at 42 days of WD (p=0.008 by Rank Sum Test).

 Conclusions:
 Inflammatory genes were upregulated early in the development of steatosis. Hepatocyte-specific AGT deficiency suppressed
 C4a
 mRNA. Future studies will determine which complement pathways are activated by WD and characterize the spatial distribution of
 C4a
 and its proteolytic derivatives.


Koudela B., H. Schanzel: The Effect of Praziquantel (Droncit) on Cysticercus pisiformis in Rabbits. Acta vet. Bmo, 47, 1978: 87-90. Rabbits experimentally infested by Cysticercus pisiformis were treated by different single doses of praziquantel (Droncit-Bayer). The drug was administered orally at successive stages of development of cysticerci. The dosage tested of about 8 and 15 mg kg-l and no effect on number, size and vitality of cysticerci. Experimental infection, chemotherapy, oral administration. A new highly efficient cesticidal compound has been developed recently 2-(cyclohexylcarbonyle) -1,3,4,6,7,llb-hexahydro-2H-pyrazino/2,I-a/isoquinolin-4-one, with the following structural for mula:


The fields of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and radiation therapy customarily rely on lasers operating at a fixed wavelength (typically 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser), primarily because of the traditional availability of such lasers. However, Raman fiber lasers have made concurrent technological progress to emerge as wavelength-agile laser sources, capable of providing high laser powers at any wavelength, primarily from the 1 -2.0 um wavelengths. In this work, we explore for the first time, the use of a high power, wavelength-tunable Raman fiber laser for performing a wavelength-dependent cell-killing effect study on cancerous and healthy cell lines. Specifically, we irradiate at different wavelengths (from 1 um to 1.6 um) breast cancer cells and healthy cells from a cell line, cultured in well plates. Our in-house built Raman laser is power-tunable apart from being wavelength-tunable, the power and duration of irradiation was optimised for achieving the best contrast between viability of cancerous vs. healthy cells. Flow cytometry is used for cell-viability tests. The results give interesting insights on the choice of wavelengths and we show that 1064 nm lasers traditionally used are not the best choice of wavelength to use for this application while 1480nm lasers performed best. We conclusively demonstrate that other wavelengths exist for achieving the best death rate in cancerous cells, leaving healthy cells unharmed. This can pave the way for deployment of Raman fiber lasers as an alternative laser source for this application which can tune the output wavelength to optimize the required laser tissue interaction. For the keywords, select up to 8 key terms for a search on your manuscript's subject.


products by X-ray diffraction and calculation of dissociation pressure of sulfides. The scale became duplex structure. In the outer scale, titanium sulfides (TiS, Ti3S4, TiS2) and aluminum sulfide (Al2S3) were identified, while in the inner scale, titanium sulfides (TiS, Ti3S4) were identified. And the TiAl3 phase was formed at scale/matrix interface. Corrosion rate changed at the test time of approximately 5.4 ks, and at same time, inner scale and TiAl3 layer began to form. Titanium sulfide (TiS) was clarified to be more stable than aluminum sulfide (Al2S3) by calculation of dissociation pressure. From these results, the scale was considered to be formed in two steps. That is, the outer scale was formed during transient period, and then titanium was sulfidized alternatively, forming of the inner scale which mainly consists of titanium sulfide and the TiAl3 occur during steady state.


As no rational agent would be willing to take part in the last round in a finite economy, it is difficult to design Ponzi schemes that are certain to explode. This paper argues that if agents correctly believe in the possibility of a partial bailout when a gigantic Ponzi scheme collapses, and they recognize that a bailout is tantamount to a redistribution of wealth from non-participants to participants, it may be rational for agents to participate, even if they know that it is the last round. We model a political economy where an unscrupulous profit-maximizing promoter can design gigantic Ponzi schemes to cynically exploit this "too big to fail" doctrine. We point to the fact that some of the spectacular Ponzi schemes in history occurred at times where and when such political economies existed - France (1719), Britain (1720), Russia (1994) and Albania (1997).


Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles with their own genome and crucial to cellular material and energy metabolism. Here we report the complete mitochondrial genome of a lipid-producing basidiomycetous yeast Rhodotorula toruloides NP11. The mitochondrial genome of R. toruloides NP11 was assembled into a circular DNA molecule of 125937 bp, encoding 15 proteins, 28 tRNAs, 2 rRNA subunits and 10 open reading frames with unknown function. The G + C content (41%) of the mitochondrial genome is substantially lower than that of the nuclear genome (62%) of R. toruloides NP11. Further reanalysis of the transcriptome data confirmed the transcription of 4 mitochondrial genes. The comparison of the mitochondrial genomes of R. toruloides NP11 and NBRC0880 revealed a significant genetic divergence. These data can complement our understanding of the genetic background of R. toruloides and provide fundamental information for further genetic engineering of this strain.


The present doctoral educational documentary research, not experimental, sought from its general objective to develop a strategy for the environmental pedagogical training of university teachers, thus achieving, resize the role of universities in the awareness and actions that impact so positive, the increasing deterioration of the planet, product of global warming, and its consequent natural disasters. This research had as scenarios the different houses of university studies of Cabimas, with a total of 45 professors. Applying theoretical, logical, inductive deductive, empirical methods and analysis. Among the information collection techniques used, the interview and observation stand out, as well as the bibliographic file, underlined in: libraries, newspaper archives, internet, constitution, laws, regulations, norms, decrees, research works, thesis. It is concluded that in the analysis carried out they show evident theoretical weaknesses in the process of the permanent formation of the university professors, from the environmental pedagogical perspective, by not sufficiently systematizing the logic in their conception. In this sense, it reveals the need to conceive a theoretical construct that is an expression of an environmental pedagogical preparation as a quality that favors integration in this process. Therefore, it is recommended to design and implement a training program, which makes it possible to strengthen university education for the systemic and transdisciplinary approach to environmental issues.


As a future plan, an advanced gravitational-wave detector will employ an optical configuration of resonant sideband extraction (RSE), achieved with an additional mirror at the signal-detection port of the power-recycled Fabry–Perot Michelson interferometer. To control the complex coupled cavity system, one of the most important design issues is how to extract the longitudinal control signals of the cavities. We have developed a new signal-extraction scheme which provides an appropriate sensing matrix. The new method uses two sets of sidebands: one of the sideband components satisfies the critical coupling condition for the RSE interferometer and reaches the signal-extraction port, and the other sideband is completely reflected by the Michelson interferometer. They provide a diagonalized sensing matrix and enable the RSE control to be robust.


This study aims to develop an authentic assessment instrument for writing observation report text skills in vocational high schools and produce an authentic assessment instrument for writing observation report text skills that are valid. This research was conducted at a Vocational High School in Bekasi, which has implemented the 2013 curriculum. The techniques used to obtain research materials were observation, interviews, and documentation. This study uses the Research & Development model development from Borg & Gall. The results of this study were 1) implementation of authentic assessment at Bina Insan Kamil Vocational High School using lesson plans and assessment rubrics in the textbook, 2) valid and reliable observation report text writing skill instruments were obtained through expert review, small and large scale trials.


In a recent paper COLLINS and HOROWITZ [1] considered the following problem: Let P be a polynomial with rational integer coefficients. If sep (P) is the minimum distance between distinct roots of P, find a good lower bound for sep (P). This question is important for the algorithms which calculate the roots of a polynomial (see [1] for a more detailed discussion).


This paper concerns the development of a novel monolithic active pixel radiation sensor based on SOI technology. In this device, the sensitive volume corresponds to a high resistivity SOI "handle" wafer and the front-end CMOS electronics is integrated in the SOI device layer. Pixel test matrices have been manufactured and are under extensive characterization. The conceptual design, together with architecture and technology issues is addressed; the latest experimental results are reported.


The authors previously reported the usefulness of deep seawater (DSW, known as clean, cold and nutrient-rich seawater pipelined from a depth of 397 m in Suruga Bay, central Pacific coast of Japan) in seed production of brown algae Eisenia arborea and Ecklonia cava and the effects of light intensity and water temperature on their juvenile growth. In the present study, juvenile sporophytes of the two species were cultured at four flow rates (0.59.4cm sec-1) of DSW and surface seawater (SSW, pipelined from a depth of 24m) in a transparent pipe to determine the best flow rate condition. The culture was conducted under the natural light condition at a water temperature of 14•Ž for 24 days in E. arborea and at 18•Ž for 16 days in E. cava. As a result, no significant difference was found in the relative growth rates (in blade length) of the two species in the examined range of flow rate (but data was not obtained at 9.4cm sec-1 in E. arborea) when cultured in DSW. However growth rates of E. arborea and E. cava increased with the flow rate in SSW [E. arborea: y = 0.40Ln (x) + 4.47 (r2 = 0.99); E. cava: y = 0.84Ln (x) + 7.99 (r2 = 0.99)], attaining each maximum, 5.4% day-1 and 9.7% day-1, respectively. These results indicate that juvenile sporophytes of E. arborea and E. cava can grow in DSW faster than in SSW regardless of the flow rate. Use of DSW may result in the decrease of unevenness of juvenile growth in the culture tank.


The benefits of a well-planned and efficiently managed transportation system spreads far beyond the transport field, as it is essential for industry, for people's mobility, and for good communications. Passenger transport is a public utility, and the benefits derived will be realised only if the system is planned and regulated so that all members of society benefit from it. This book provides an overview of public road transport in Johannesburg, which is a world class African City located in the economic hub of South Africa. More specifically it sketches how public transport is managed in South Africa with some international comparisons. A brief discussion of the structure and systems of public transport is followed by a discussion of two primary modes of public transport, namely bus and mini-bus taxis, and transport service quality. The final chapter provides empirical evidence of commuters' perception of bus and minibus taxi service quality in Johannesburg.


The geometrical model of the heterogeneous porous medium with direct view of its microstructure and statistical algorithm based on Monte Carlo method are worked out. The algorithm uses the energy and pulse probability distributions for the particles interacting with the complex chemical compound. The distributions are used for detail modeling of the scattering and absorption processes in complex heterogeneous materials. An approach for the discrete geometrical description of the realistic geometry of the heterogeneous porous material taking into account its structure at the micro level is elaborated. The approach includes the algorithm of build the porous set and the detector system for statistical estimation of the radiation energy deposit in an irradiated object. The applications of the developed simulation tool are presented in terms of results obtained with use of the hybrid computing cluster K-100 (http://www.kiam.ru/MVS/resourses/k100.html).


We report here on the preparation, AC magnetic susceptibility and resistivity measurements of LnSrBaCu3O6+z (Ln = rare earth = Eu, Sm, Nd). Each sample was subject to two types of heat treatment: oxygen annealing [O] and argon annealing followed by oxygen annealing [AO]. In the normal state, the heat treatment [AO] reduced considerably the linear resistivity parameters indicating a diminution of the interaction of carrier charges with phonons. For each ionic radius r(Ln+3), Tc increases remarkably by 10 K, 6 K and 6 K to Tc[AO] = 78 K, 85 K and 87 K, respectively for Ln = Nd, Sm and Eu. Tc(chi') and Tc(p = 0) were in good agreement. There was a remarkable improvement in the shielding effect in the case of the samples [AO] at all T < Tc and for any applied field. An enhancement of the irreversibility line was observed due to the argon treatment. A remarkable correlation was observed between Tc(r) and the number psh(r) of holes by Cu(2) - O2 superconducting planes. A combination of several factors such as the ionic size of the rare earth, increase in cationic and chain oxygen ordering; psh and in-phase purity for the [AO] samples may account for the observed data.


A film bag laminate including an outer layer, an inner layer and an adhesive layer for attaching the outer layer to the inner layer. The adhesive layer includes a non-adhesive portion where the outer layer is not adhered to the inner layer. A printed ink layer is formed on the inside surface of the outer layer. The printed ink layer has a hidden indicia portion formed from multiple layers of ink. The hidden indicia portion includes an ink pattern layer disposed on the inner surface of the outer layer which forms at least a partially obscuring and distracting pattern that is visible from the outside of the film bag. A gray block layer of ink is formed on the ink pattern layer. A hidden indicia ink layer is disposed on top of the gray block layer. The hidden indicia layer is obscured from view from the outside of the package by the ink pattern layer and the gray block layer.


We study the periodicity, the boundedness and the asymptotic behavior of the positive solutions of the non-autonomous difference equation: where p n , n = 0, 1, …, is a positive sequence of period 3.


In order to reduce the adverse effects of general anesthesia, awake coronary artery bypass (ACAB) surgery has emerged as a new and unique technique in the treatment of coronary artery disease. This new surgical modality of coronary revascularization combines the minimal invasive nature of off-pump coronary bypass surgery with epidural anesthesia avoiding endotracheal intubation and mechanic ventilation. Particularly, it extends also the limits of coronary surgery where patients are deemed unfit for conventional surgery or general anesthesia. Due to its nature, ACAB offers several advantages over general anesthesia, including better analgesia, decreased myocardial ischemia, improved ventricular function, avoidance from tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, improved pulmonary function, reduced stress response and preservation of fibrinolytic system. ACAB also promotes modern trends in perioperative care including early mobilization and recovery, daycare and outpatient surgery. The clear advantage of ACAB is a more rapid recovery from surgery, allowing the patient to leave home on the day of surgery. A perfect understanding and co-operation between patient and anesthesiologist is necessary for ACAB, while an excellent collaboration between cardiac surgeon and anesthesiologist provides an uneventful procedure. Cardiac sympatholysis achieves bradycardia, dilates coronary arteries and in situ arterial grafts, improves left ventricular function, and prevents arrhythmia thereby making coronary anastomosis less challenging using ACAB technique. Single or multiple vessels revascularization can be performed with ACAB through different incisions, whereas mechanic stabilizer and apical holder enable surgical revascularization of coronary arteries on the lateral and/or inferior surface of the heart without hemodynamic deterioration during repositioning of the heart. Thoracic sympatholysis allows complete arterial revascularization via harvesting bilateral No part of this digital document may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted commercially in any form or by any means. The publisher has taken reasonable care in the preparation of this digital document, but makes no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assumes no responsibility for any errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of information contained herein. This digital document is sold with the clear understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, medical or any other professional services.


A study was conducted on the seed of two lines of Agropyron intermedium (Host.) Beau v. relating the presence or absence of hulls and age of seed to germination, and the influence of seeding depth upon emergence.Germinability of hulless seed was significantly lower than that or hull-covered seed, and this difference increased only slightly with increased age of seed. In general, the older the seed the greater was the differential between the seedling emergence of the two types of seed.Depth of seeding results showed that seedling emergence from hull-covered seed was far greater than the emergence from hulless seed at all depths tested. Seedling emergence differences between hulless and hull-covered seed were much greater than germination differences between the two. The possible advantages of selection towards a more tenacious hull are indicated.


Let X(m) and Y(k) be Erlang distribution with parameter(m,λ) and,X(m) and Y(k) are mutually independent.In this paper,we prove that the conditional distribution of Y(k) is a mixture of Erlang distributions with parameter(m+i+k,λ+μi=0,1,…,n-1 under the condition X(m)Y(k)X(m+n).We call this result as the extension of biparametric additive theorem of conditional Erlang distribution.It plays an important role in deriving waiting time distribution in multi-server queuing system.


The Essay starts with an overview of the percolation approach and classical elasticity theory of the vulcanization transition of rubber, describing their assumptions and their limitations. Thereafter we discuss a third approach, the Vulcanization Theory (VT) which incorporates the effects of thermal fluctuations and quenched random disorder. The VT is an order parameter theory in the true Landau tradition. We discuss the very subtle type of spontaneous symmetry breaking that occurs in the transition from liquids to amorphous solids and we define a suitable order parameter that captures this symmetry breaking. This necessitates the introduction of replica field theory, and we discuss what these replicas represent physically. We also discuss the physical meaning behind the resulting Goldstone modes. We conclude the Essay by describing a few applications of VT.


ABSTRACT Accidental corrosive ingestion is not rare in pediatric patients in developing countries. We report a case of gastric outlet obstruction after the accidental ingestion of an acidic substance by a child who was successfully treated with endoscopic balloon dilatation.


Metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) to the left supraclavicular lymph node is extremely rare. We report a case of metastasis of PAC to the left supraclavicular lymph node (known as Virchow's node), focusing on both cytological and immunohistochemical findings. The patient was a 72-year-old Japanese man who was referred to our hospital after initially noticing a lump in the left supraclavicular lymph node 3 months previously. CT revealed multiple swollen lymph nodes in the left supraclavicular fossa, left axilla, abdominal aorta and the bilateral internal and external iliac arteries, but the primary site was not identified. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was performed, revealing a large sheet of cohesive tumor cells with indistinct cell borders, a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, granular cytoplasm, eccentric oval to round nuclei, and enlarged prominent nucleoli. Immunohistochemical examination of cell block sections revealed that the tumor cells were positive for CK AE1/AE3 and CD10 and negative for PSA. Since additional immunohistochemistry revealed that tumor cells were diffusely positive for both NKX3.1 and PSMA, the cytological diagnosis was suspected metastatic PAC. PET CT and MRI suggested the high probability of PAC. Prostate core biopsy was performed and a histological diagnosis of poorly differentiated PAC was made (Gleason score 9 = 5 + 4). The patient started therapy for PAC and the tumors were observed to have shrunk at the 1-year follow-up evaluation. Familiarity with and recognition of the characteristic cytopathological findings of metastasis of PAC to Virchow's node are important for making a correct diagnosis.


Computer networks like a double-edged sword,bringing us not only the convenience,meanwhile but also a lot of the security problems.In the past few years,more and more computer systems leak-holes are found,large-scale attacks break out continuously.The current computer network attacks have the new features such as attack resources are relatively concentrated,the ways of attack are more flexible,attack scope is more extensive.As follows,the main threats to network security is: non-authorized visits,pretend to be legitimate users,breaks the integrity of data,disrupts the normal operation of a system,spread internet viruses,networks sniffs and so on.It requires us to take things seriously on the security problems which Internet brings us.


Abstract : A technique for the isolation and purification of the influenza viral polypeptides with special reference to the neuraminidase and hemagglutinin glycoprotein antigens has been improved. A very important finding has been that biologically active and antigenically functional polypeptides can be isolated from influenza vaccine batches which provide a virtually unlimited source of material. Using authenticated vaccine as a starting material prepared in accord with BOB specifications anticipates the use and acceptance of the purified antigens as vaccines. A modification of the Weber and Kuter technique for the renaturation of enzymes has made it possible to remove residual SDS from the hemagglutinin polypeptides with restoration of both biologic and immunogenic activity. Removal of SDS has permitted the beginning of automated amino acid sequence analysis of the viral hemagglutinin. Purification of specific antibodies to the hemagglutinin and its cleavage products has been achieved by immobilization of the antigens on agarose columns. Using another approach, the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens have been isolated together by extraction following Triton X-100 disruption.


One for the receiver device (101) performs the air interface between the power control (105) with the transmitter (103). The device (101) comprises a power control processor (113), in response to the error parameters to operate a power control loop over the air interface. Discarded data processor (117) determining the measured data is discarded, the discarded data measure indicating an amount of data discarded active air interface; and an error parameter processor (115) discards the data in response to the measured parameter to determine the error. In response to the estimated delay discarding the standard data. The present invention may allow power control to dynamically adjust the error rate and transmission delay characteristics.


Esterification of (±)-cis- and (±)trans-chrysanthemic acids in methanolic sulphuric acid gives the expected methyl chrysanthemates together with methyl δ-methoxydihydro-chrysanthemates. Normal esterification of the carboxyl group is accompanied, in part, by acid-catalysed addition of methanol to the ethylenic bond of the isobutenyl group. Methyl (±)-cis-δ-methoxydihydrochrysanthemate is also formed on methanolysis of (±)-cis-dihydro-chrysanthemo-δ-lactone.

Ozonization of the methyl chrysanthemates, followed by hydrogenolysis of the ozonides, gives methyl (±)-cis- and (±)-trans-3-formyl-2: 2-dimethylcyclopropane-I-carboxylates in low yield. The (±)-trans-aldehydo-ester is also obtained, though also in low yield, by Rosenmund reduction of (±)-trans-3-carbomethoxy-2: 2-dimethylcyclopropane-I-carbonyl chloride and by Raney-nickel hydrogenolysis of ethyl (±)-trans-3-carbomethoxy-2: 2-dimethylcyclopropane-I-carbothiolate, both prepared from (±)trans-caronic acid.


A computer model of dry etching was used to predict line edge profiles obtained by the ion etching device built in our Institute. For the simulation, the etch rates as a function of impact angle data for gold, silicon, and chromium, resists AZ 1350 and PMMA were determined. These characteristics were approximated by means of analytical functions. It has been found that the accuracy of the etch rate versus impact angle is of great importance. The influence of this dependence on the predicted contour evolution has been investigated for the case of a gold hemisphere approximated by two‐dimensional semicircular profile. The model was compared with known analytical results. The experimental verification of the model has been made on patterns developed in AZ 1350 on silicon, AZ 1350 on Al, and PMMA on Au. SEM observations of the evolution of edges under ion milling show good agreement between the experimentally obtained pattern profile and computer predictions.


Subcutaneous cervicofacial emphysema and pneumomediastinum are uncommon manifestations often associated with head and neck trauma. The otolaryngologist may be challenged when confronted with a patient who presents with subcutaneous emphysema without a clear trauma history. The astute clinician may be able to obtain the cause by pursuing an investigative role when obtaining a thorough history. Numerous reports of cervicofacial emphysema and pneumomediastinum as a complication of dental and oral surgery procedures are well documented in the literature,1-3 however, the otolaryngology literature offers little information regarding this complication. In the majority of cases, the emphysema remains in the subcutaneous connective tissues of the head and neck. However, if enough air is driven into the subcutaneous tissues it may track into the thorax and mediastinum. These are rare but life-threatening complications. A case of subcutaneous cervicofacial emphysema and pneumomediastinum in a 15-year-old boy is presented. As the otolaryngologist is often consulted to evaluate and manage patients with cervicofacial emphysema and/or pneumomediastinum, he or she must be aware that recent dental work is a possible cause. A brief review of this entity, diagnostic considerations and management are discussed. CASE REPORT


The article discusses the impact of agent orange used during the Vietnam War on civilian and military health. Topics include the lack of reliable data and research on the relationships between herbicide exposures and diseases for which veterans can receive medical attention and benefits, the Institute of Medicine's creation of data sets related to spraying, troop locations, and exposure opportunity, and concerns regarding increased rates of birth defects and risk of diabetes resulting from herbicide exposure.


In this article, a 24‐GHz low‐noise amplifier for vehicular short‐range radar applications is presented. The circuit, fabricated in a 0.13‐μm SiGe:C BiCMOS process, consists of three fully differential transformer‐loaded cascode stages, including a gain‐control functionality. The amplifier exhibits a 35‐dB power gain and a noise figure of 3.4 dB, providing a reverse isolation better than −60 dB. By using a 1‐bit gain control, the LNA achieves an input 1‐dB compression point of −12 dBm. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2013–2016, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23584


To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Ganapathi et al (1), who described an incidental intraplacental choriocarcinoma in a viable term pregnancy with no maternal or fetal metastases. There are many reports of intraplacental choriocarcinoma in the literature, the majority of which have been associated with maternal metastatic disease. However, intraplacental choriocarcinoma has also been reported in term or near-term placentas in which there was no other evidence of tumor in the mother or infant (2–7), including 3 of 5 cases of intraplacental choriocarcinoma associated with viable pregnancy reported by us in 1998 (2). These 3 cases were delivered at term and the placentas grossly showed characteristic single tan-to-yellow lesions ranging from 1.0 to 1.5 cm. Here, we report an additional case of intraplacental choriocarcinoma diagnosed recently by us in a third trimester placenta in which there was no other evidence of tumor in the mother or infant.


UCH of the evidence for heterosis in mammals has come from an analysis M of characters, such as growth and body weight, whose adaptive significance is rarely clear; as DOBZHANSKY (1955) has pointed out, it cannot be taken for granted that "luxuriance", at least under natural conditions, is indicative of high somatic fitness. First generation hybrids between inbred strains of mice invariably grow more rapidly and are larger when mature than their parents, and there is evidence, from analyses of the magnitude of the environmentally determined variability of body weight, that this is symptomatic of an overall heterosis (HARRISON, MORTON and WEINER 1959). However, it is desirable to test this proposition in a more direct way by determining the comparative response of the forms to environmental factors which are likely to exert considerable selection under natural conditions. There can be little doubt that climate plays an important part in the differentiation of geographical races of animals and, since temperature is one of the most easily reproduced factors in the laboratory, the comparative thermal fitness of inbred and hybrid mice has been investigated. Mice reared at high temperatures have longer tails, less fur, and are usually smaller when mature, than when reared under temperate conditions ( SUNDSTROEM 1922; OGLE 1934; SAKHAROV 1949; HARRISON 1959). It has been shown that these morphological responses to heat and the many physiological ones which are also known to occur are, in their overall effect, adaptive. In particular, there is very strong evidence that tail length is of great importance in the thermoregulation of the mouse (HARRISON 1958). On the hypothesis that heterozygotes have a greater developmental flexibility than homozygotes ( THODAY 1953; LERNER 1954; MAYNARD SMITH 1956), one would predict that the acclimatizing capacity of F, hybrid mice is greater than that of the inbreds from which they are derived. HARRISON, MORTON and WEINER (1959) have compared the capacity of these two groups to increase their tail length at high temperatures, but, since it cannot be assumed that success at adaptation is proportional to the magnitude of the response, it is difficult to interpret the results of this sort of analysis. In fact, to compare the relative capacity of homozygotes and heterozygotes to acclimatize, some overall fitness test is required. While a comparison of the survival and reproductive capacities in the environments which determined the development of the animals is without doubt the best sort of test, a convenient


The ubiquity of AI leads to situations where humans and AI work together, creating the need for learning-to-defer algorithms that determine how to partition tasks between AI and humans. We work to improve learning-to-defer algorithms when paired with specific individuals by incorporating two fine-tuning algorithms and testing their efficacy using both synthetic and image datasets. We find that fine-tuning can pick up on simple human skill patterns, but struggles with nuance, and we suggest future work that uses robust semi-supervised to improve learning.


The electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays an important role in sustainable energy conversion from water to hydrogen fuel. The most effective non-noble metal catalyst for OER is currently Fe-doped NiOOH (Ni 1-x Fe x OOH), but its overpotential (theoretically calculated η = 0.4) is too large for practical applications. Motivated by our in silico predictions that Ir dopant would lead to a very low overpotential to improve OER activity of Ni-based hydroxides, we report here an experimental confirmation on the altered OER activities for a series of metals (Mo, W, Fe, Ru, Co, Rh, Ir) doped into γ-NiOOH. Most interestingly, we observed that the in situ (intermediate) electrical conductivity for metal doped γ-NiOOH correlates well with the trend in enhanced OER activities. This correlation allows experimental screening of new candidates with fast measurements of intermediate conductivity, while also providing additional information about the catalytic mechanism. To understand the basis of this correlation, we used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to explain the in situ conductivity of the key intermediate states of metal doped γ-NiOOH during OER. The simultaneous increase of OER activity with in situ conductivity was rationalized by their intrinsic connections to the radical character promotion in the metal-oxo bond. This electrical transport characteristic, which was later linked to the double exchange (DE) interactions between adjacent metal ions with various d orbital occupancies, serves as an effective indicator for the key metal-oxo radical character, providing a facile and effective descriptor for the theoretical and experimental guidance in design and screening of efficient OER catalysts.


Abstract:  Background:  Liver transplantation (LT) using grafts from anti‐HBVcore antibody‐positive (anti‐HBVcAB+) donors carry risk for development of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The long‐term course of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients receiving anti‐HBVcAB+ grafts is poorly understood.


Anomalous experiences in religious context, such as spiritual visions and mediumship, were/are studied by renowned authors of Psychology of Religion and Personality. Anomalous experiences are lived both by the general population and by individuals with severe mental disorders. However, we lack of theoretical and especially empirical studies on the differentiation between healthy and pathological experiences. In t his article we aim to discuss the relations between personality models and anomalous experiences re-signified in religious contexts, in order to identify personality traits possibly associated with maturity and mental health. We reviewed personality theories and their contributions to religiosity/spirituality field. Among them, we describe the Psychobiological Model of Temperament and Character and the dimensions of Self-directedness and Self-Transcendence, which point to mental health in individuals who have anomalous experiences. We conclude by proposing a Psychology of Religion based on evidences and the integration of theoretical and empirical models of personality in order to improve the identification of positive mental health indicators.


Mineralogy automatic determination system combines mineral processing technology with computer technology, and is automatically runs through API, which not only enables the determination of mineral composition and dissociation degree, but also greatly improves the accuracy of detection. Through the system of a complex gold ore process mineralogy analysis, accurately determine the minerals in the sample, dissociation characteristics and occurrence status index, and determine the beneficiation process and the experimental study, has obtained the ideal effect, mineralogy automatic determination system has played an important role in the study.


The law's traditional conception of a "case" has evolved from a discrete dispute between two adverse parties to a multiparty structure covering a range of related and often conflicting interests.' The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provide several avenues for expanding the involved participants in a case beyond a single plaintiff and single defendant to include other affected or interested parties.2 Intervention under Rule 24 is the vehicle nonparties use to protect their interests from potential impairment by a court's adjudication of a dispute between the original parties. By allowing nonparties to intervene, Rule 24 lets them represent their interests and arguably improves the court's decisionmaking by allowing the presentation of different viewpoints and evidence.3 Courts may also benefit from granting mo-


Almost one million residents living in Perth's outer suburbs lack access to adequate
roads, public transport and health facilities, according to research commissioned by
the NGAA.


Ellipsoid zone optical coherence tomography defects in mild hydroxychloroquine retinopathy were followed for 6 to 8 years after stopping the drug. They showed improvement in some but not all eyes and only to a limited degree in areas of mild damage. There was no associated improvement in visual fields. Purpose: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) cross-sections have shown limited ellipsoid zone (EZ) improvement in mild hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy within a few years after drug cessation. However, the extent, functional significance, and stability of such changes over time remain unclear. Methods: We created en face EZ maps using automated pixel-by-pixel segmentation for four patients with early-moderate HCQ toxicity followed for 6-8 years after drug cessation. These maps were compared with OCT cross-sections, fundus autofluorescence, and automated 10-2 visual fields. Results: One patient had no EZ line loss; one had stable EZ loss throughout follow-up; two showed 30 to 40% reduction in the area of loss, largely in the first 2 years. This limited recovery mostly occurred in regions where the EZ line was only thinned or fragmented; other similar areas did not improve. Fundus autofluorescence hyperfluorescence and visual fields did not show consistent correlation with topography. Conclusion: Anatomic EZ recovery, when present, was restricted to regions of mild damage and did not correlate with fundus autofluorescence or improvement in visual fields. Topographic mapping seemed no more sensitive locally than cross-sectional OCT but may aid detection and longitudinal follow-up of toxicity by showing early damage or changes in the macula that could be missed with individual cross-sections.


The relationship between Human Resource Management (HRM) and firm performance has been a hotly debated topic over the last decade, especially in the United States (e.g. Osterman, 1994; Huselid, 1995; MacDuffie, 1995). The question arises whether the domination of USA oriented models, however appropriate they might be for, say, the USA, hold in other for example more institutionalised contexts. Now we have the opportunity to study recent empirical data on the effectiveness of human resource management in the Netherlands, using Control versus Commitment HR Theory (Walton, 1985; Arthur, 1994) in combination with New Institutionalism (Dimaggio and Powell, 1983). We were able to include three different Dutch sectors/branches of industry i.e. Health care, Local Government and Tourism. Empirical results suggest that the effect of HRM is lower in highly institutionalised sectors (hospitals and local governments) than in a less institutionalised sector like hotels.