Background: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of Anti-LGI1 receptor encephalitis.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled forty -one patients with anti LGI1 receptor encephalitis diagnosed for the first time in the Department of Neurology, the first hospital of Jilin University from June 2015 to November 2019. Results: There are twenty-two males and nineteen females, with a median age of fifty-four years. The first symptom of male patients showed cognitive impairment in nine (40.91%) cases,facial muscle dystonia in six (27.27%) cases.Of the female patients,seven (36.84%)patients had facial-arm dystonia-like seizures,six (31.58%) patients had cognitive impairment.seven (18.42%) patients had abnormal tumor markers,but no tumor was found in all patients.Thirty patients (73.17%) had hyponatremia with a minimum of 115.4 mmol/L.Except for one patient,eighteen (45.00%) patients had normal cerebrospinal fluid indicators,twenty-two (55.00%) patients had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid indicators,Eleventh (50.00%) patients had elevated protein,and nine (40.91%) patients had elevated IgG,six (27.27%) patientys of white blood cells increased,and four (18.18%) patients of increased pressure. Except for four patients,twenty-two (59.46%) patients had abnormal signals of hippocampus and temporal lobe,seventeen (77.27%) of them had bilateral abnormal signals of hippocampus,five(22.73%)cases had unilateral abnormal signals of hippocampus;Eleventh(29.73%)had lacunar Cerebral infarction and ischemic focus;Two(5.41%)cases of frontal and insular abnormal signals;one(2.70%)case of temporal and occipital abnormal signals;one(2.70%) case of white matter lesions. Except for one patient,the EEG showed twenty-seven(67.50%)cases of slow waves and focal discharges,(six(22.22%) of which were left-temporal spiked slow waves,and five (18.52%) were of right-temporal spikes Slow wave,four (14.81%) cases with double temporal sharpened slow wave,six (22.22%) cases with frontotemporal sharpened slow wave, one (3.70%) case with frontal sharpened slow wave,one(3.70%)case with Three-phase waves; In addition,four(10.00%)cases of fast activity increased;three (7.50%) cases of background α generalization). Patients received first-line immunotherapy except six patients who gave up treatment. Conclusions: Anti-LGI1 receptor encephalitis is more common in middle-aged and older people. In male,the first manifestation is cognitive impairment, and the female is more common with the facial-arm dystonia-like seizures,and rarely can be manifested as discharge sensation, hallucinations and autonomic symptoms.lumbar puncture pressure increased more than decreased;protein was significantly higher than leukocytes;EEG showed slow waves and focal discharges were more common, and abnormal background and normal EEG can occur.MRI shows that hippocampus and temporal lobe abnormal signal have the highest proportion.There is no significant difference in the prognosis of hormones, globulin,or both.


In this paper, we analyze the macroscopic entanglement generation between two movable mirrors in an optomechanical system beyond the Markov approximation. We derive a non-Markovian master equation for the optomechanical system and analyze the entanglement generation based on the numerical simulation. It is found that the maximum entanglement can be achieved by utilizing both the optomechanical coupling and the non-Markovian properties of the bath. In particular, we show the contribution from the system-bath coupling has a positive impact only if the bath is non-Markovian. Besides, the symmetric properties of the optomechanical system as well as the initial state are crucial to the entanglement generation. The results presented in the paper illustrate that the impact of the non-Markovian bath is an important factor in the entanglement generation in the optomechanical system.


Freedom of conscience and religion are both protected rights under the European Convention, though only the freedom of religion is a protected right under national Swedish law. The right to conscientious objection, on the other hand, is not a protected right according to national Swe-dish law. Conscientious objection is not completely unusual in abortion care, where individuals wish to not participate in such care for religious or conscientious reasons. In the spring of 2017 a case was settled in the Swedish Labour Court, which concerned a midwife who was denied employment because she refused to participate in abortions, due to her religious beliefs. She believes that her freedom of conscience and religion in art. 9 ECHR have been violated and that she is exposed to such discrimination as found in both art. 14 ECHR as in the Swedish discrimination law. The aim of the paper is to highlight the conflict between the midwifery's right to conscien-tious objection and a woman's right to a safe abortion. This conflict is looked at from a labour law perspective in order to be able to investigate to what degree an employer may make re-strictions in relation to his employees' conscientious and religious freedom. I come up with the conclusions that there is an opportunity for employers to restrict the freedom of conscience and religion of its employees, that a woman's right to abortion takes prec-edence over an individual's conscientious and religious freedom and finally that Sweden probably does not violate European law. (Less)


Pharmacological properties of some typical and atypical antidepressants administered repeatedly are more alike as compared to their effects attained after a single administration.


Background: There is a potential risk for malignancy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Theoretically, a noninvasive method for detection of precancerous changes can be conducted on oral exfoliated cell smears. Objectives: In this study, the immunocytochemistry of p53 in exfoliated oral mucosal cells in patients with type 2 diabetes was investigated. Patients and Methods: Oral mucosal smears were prepared from 50 patients with type 2 diabetes (D) and 50 healthy participants (C). The immunocytochemistry of p53 was assessed according to the kit instructions on oral smears. The Mann-Whitney nonparametric test was used to compare the p53 expression in D and C groups. Results: The results showed a significant increase in p53 expression in exfoliated cells of oral mucosa in D group compared with C group (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between the intensity of p53 expression and level of fasting blood sugar (FBS) (r = 0.816, P < 0.001), as well as between the percentage of p53 positive cells and FBS. The nucleus area (NA) and the cytoplasm to nuclear ratio (CNR) had significant correlations with p53 expression (r = 0.272, P = 0.08) NA, and CNR (r = -0.434, P = 0.005). Conclusions: This study showed that there was a significant expression of p53 in oral mucosal exfoliated cells of group D patients compared with C group. It seems that this noninvasive technique could be useful to detect premalignancy changes of oral mucosa as well as for early detection of malignancies.


Shows how re-partitioning can be incorporated into the hardware/software co-synthesis process using the inter-domain movement of functionality. The basic idea is to model hardware and software in a uniform way which allows for the easy movement of functionality between the two domains. Using this inter-domain move as a design transformation, a transformational approach to re-partitioning can be adopted where re-partitioning is merged with other synthesis activities. This approach has been implemented in Java, as presented in this paper.


Abstract: The Biopolymer chitosan, formed from chitin, is one of the most widespread renewable natural materials on the earth. Chitin is a major component of the cell wall of fungi. In this research extraction of chitosan from the fungi Trichoderma viridae is done by simple deproteinization, Filtration and deacetylation. Total phenol content was measured using Gallic acid as standard. H2O2 scavenging activity of the chitosan was calculated. Furthur antibacterial activity was evaluated against the gram positive bacteria S.aureus and the gram negative bacteria E.coli. Edible coating, for cucumber to extend shelf life, is made from the chitosan using polyethylene glycol and glycerol. Nanocomposite based edible coating solution is synthesised by the addition of AgNO3, for further enhancement of antimicrobial activity. Edible coating to cucumber is done and incubated at room temperature and observed for 7 days. Non-coated samples and chemical coated samples were also maintained. The microbial load was measured by turbidity method on the 2nd and 6th day of coating. Nutrient analysis including Carbohydrate estimation, Protein estimation, Moisture loss estimation was also carried out. Keywords: Trichoderma viridae, Chitosan, Edible coating, Cucumber, Shelf life analysis


Objective To investigate the efficacy of treating lumbar spondylolisthesis with SINO pedicle instruments through posterior passage.Methods From January 2006 to December 2008,26 patients (19 males and 7 males,aged 50-68 years) with lumbar spondylolisthesis were treated with pedicle screw fixation.There were 19 cases of degenerative spondylolishesis and 7 of isthmic spondylolisthesis.Among them,1,17 and 8 cases were at L3、4,L4、5 and L5-S1 level,respectively.There were 17 cases of grade Ⅰ,7 of grade Ⅱand 2 of grade Ⅲ according to Meyerding classification system.After 2 weeks and 3,6,12 months,the X-ray films were taken to evaluate bone graft fusion.The recovery of nerve function was also analyzed.Results The operation time was 134-179 minutes (mean 164 minutes).The blood loss was 750-1 430 ml (mean 843 ml).After operation,25 cases were followed up for 10-25 months with an average of 17.7 months.The improvement of JOA at the final follow-up visit was markedly effective in 16 cases,effective in 6 cases and non-effective in 3 cases,and the total effective rate was 88.0%.Anatomic reduction was achieved in 14 cases;improvement was obtained in 7 cases;non-improvement was observed in 4 cases.The reduction rate was 84.0%.Lumbar interbody fusion was achieved in 24 cases,and failure was observed in 1 case.The fusion rate was 96.0%.Conclusions The method of treating lumbar spondylolisthesis with SINO pedicle screw system could acquired a firm fixation and good reduction,and it is a safe,reliable and effective method.


Structural Plasticity (SP) in the brain is a process that allows structural neuronal changes, in response to learning. Spiking Neural Networks (SNN) are an emerging form of artificial neural networks that use brain-inspired techniques to learn. However, the application of SP in SNNs, its impact on overall learning, and network behaviour is rarely explored. In the present study, we use an SNN with a single hidden layer, to apply SP in classifying Electroencephalography (EEG) signals of two publicly available datasets. We considered classification accuracy as the learning capability and applied metaheuristics to derive the optimised number of neurons for the hidden layer along with other hyperparameters of the network. The optimised structure was then compared with overgrown and undergrown structures to compare the accuracy, stability, and behaviour of the network properties. Networks with SP yielded ~94% and ~92% accuracies in classifying wrist positions and mental states(stressed vs relaxed) respectively. The same SNN developed for mental stress classification produced ~77% and ~73% accuracies in classifying arousal and valence states. Moreover, the networks with SP demonstrated superior performance stability during iterative random initiations. Interestingly, these networks had a smaller number of inactive neurons and a preference for lowered neuron firing thresholds. This research highlights the importance of systematically selecting the hidden layer neurons over arbitrary settings, particularly for SNNs using Spike Time Dependent Plasticity learning and provides potential findings that may lead to the development of SP learning algorithms for SNNs.


Structural analysis reveals how increasing concentrations of monomeric actin prevent a transcriptional coactivator from promoting expression of target genes. This podcast features a conversation with Richard Treisman, Neil McDonald, and Stéphane Mouilleron, authors of a Research Article published in the 14 June 2011 issue of Science Signaling. The authors discuss how increasing concentrations of monomeric actin trap the transcriptional coactivator MRTF-A, which couples changes in actin concentration to gene expression, in the cytoplasm, thus preventing it from activating expression of target genes. The crystal structure of actin bound to MRTF-A reveals an unusual mode of actin binding to a target protein.


Images of saints – in the west, paintings and statues; in the east, mainly paintings – have caused miracles. Natural markings on rocks, walls, and other surfaces could be interpreted as the image of Mary. Such pareidolia, as they were called, were particularly efficacious; supplicants placing their hands on these likenesses were confident that they would be healed. Cures were also obtained by drinking water from a glass containing the pulverized plaster of a saint's statue. An image's potency could be increased by placing the actual skulls of saints within the cloth, clay, gold or silver-encased heads of their statues; these are like the cotton reliquaries of the Taíno of the Caribbean. Single images of saints typically stared back at worshippers, but in some instances wealthy benefactors were depicted as moving among the saints and interacting with them. Gazing out at the viewer, the saints were, as Bartlett puts it, "as if seen in the present". But not all Christians agreed on the theological appropriateness or spiritual potency of the saints, and many called for the destruction of their images. Bartlett details some violent episodes, particularly in the Eastern Church, when iconoclasts were pitted against iconophiles. Over the course of the Middle Ages, images of saints increasingly replaced their relics. Different types of accoutrements signified different aspects of the figures represented. Specific halo designs were associated with specific classes of holy people; a cross in halo identified Jesus, departed canonized saints had circular halos, halos of living saints were rectilinear, and the non-canonized had rayed or polygonal halos. Whatever the style or date of an icon, the intermittent addition of new features blended styles of different periods and so helped create an impression of timelessness. Packed with historical minutiae, Bartlett's work assumes a good background knowledge of European history and the divergent paths followed by the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches. Readers who are unfamiliar with this history may overlook the ramifications of his numerous accounts, given the complexity of events and variations among regional traditions. On the other hand, he does not trace comparisons outside Europe and the Mediterranean, except for one discussion of the public display of mummified Incas in the plazas of Cuzco. Bartlett focuses on historical events instead of adopting a more comparative anthropological approach, and this explains why he has answered "how the dead did such great things" instead of fully addressing St Augustine's original question "why can the dead do such great things?"


Author(s): Gordon, Erin Marie | Advisor(s): Carson, Juli | Abstract: This paper explores the varying ways in which new media art currently interacts with the Internet, the network, and Web 2.0; it additionally touches upon the relationship between new media works and their often-tenuous situation within the institution by curators (e.g. in museums, galleries, etc.), as well as social media's impact on sociality. A loose definition of new media (works using computers, code, digital video, and the Internet, among others), which is a term constantly in flux due to positioning and relevancy in relation to art and technology, is established in order to further explicate artworks that are primarily used to think through overarching related concepts. My thesis exhibition Do You Want to Quit? Intimacy, Site, Self serves as a both a starting point for research and a larger case study in which to situate the following research; the artists' works that were artworks included in the exhibition inspired correlations between materialism, community, and the archive as sites of inquiry in relation to new media art. I believe that interacting with new media art through touch exemplifies its importance for and with these three themes, and that both affect theory (as well as emotion in general) experiencing art firsthand are crucial in parsing through this work.


rubric "Life and Letters," my plan was to let other, often distinguished, members of the magazine's editorial board fire off essays under names of their own choosing. But no one stepped forth to write the second essay, so I wrote it, and the same was true of the third, which I also wrote. By the sixth or seventh, I would not have relinquished the "Life and Letters" column to anyone, so fond had I become of writing it, and so I just wrote the next eight-five or so essays myself. No writing, I have to report, has come as easily to me. I never wanted for a subject, and capacious gasbag that I am I always had the 6,500 words needed to cover that subject. By rough count, I have written nearly 600,000 words in this space. I have produced five books of essays from the Aristides column and am preparing a sixth. Aristides The Just? A lot closer to Aristides The Loquacious, I'd say. Soon after beginning these Aristides pieces, I heard it bruited about that I had reinvented


The results of theoretical analysis and application development of the marketing concept that underlies the market policy of the university, determining the direction and content of the education services, creating opportunities and conditions for self-learners and graduates are given. Special attention is paid to the marketing of education services and self-employment of graduates, focused on high technology and scientific capacity production, as potential innovators of Russian economy modernization, which is to acquire the features of new economy and knowledge economy. The article can be useful for economists and technical specialists dealing with the problem of increasing the efficiency of educational institutions, employment of graduates and development of self-employment


Research on innovation indicates that due to the turbulent environment innovative processes may no longer be limited only to the use of internal knowledge developed through R&D processes. Enterprise should also focus on searching for exogenous sources of information in order to maximise their efficiency. This approach is referred to as open innovation. The aim of the article is to reduce the knowledge gap about the impact of organizational culture on open innovation practices. Many studies indicate, that opening the innovative processes requires a specific organizational culture that is also one of the key determinants of a company's response to changes in its environment. Organizational culture can also be one of the major barriers to the ability to implement open innovation in the company.


Objective:To analyze the correlation between the degree of esophageal and gastric varices and the diameter of portal vein and splenic vein,and assess their clinical value.Methods:The clinic data of 96 patients with hepatic cirrhosis in the decompensation stage were analyzed,including the degree of esophageal and gastric varices and the diameters of portal vein and width of splenic vein.Results: The diameter of portal and splenic vein of hemorrhagic group were significant highet than that of non-hemorrhagic group(P 0.01).There was positive correlation between the degree of esophageal and gastric varices and the diameter of portal and splenic vein,the rank-correlation coefficients were 0.332,0.184,0.281 and 0.330,and there was no statistical significance in the correlation between the degree of disease and the diameter of portal vein.Conclusion: The diameter of portal and splenic vein could estimate the portal hypertension and the degree of esophageal and gastric varices,and predict the risk of hemorrhage of esophageal and gastric varices.


As the Fourth Industrial Revolution is counted as an important issue in each industrial group, the technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution was applied to architecture. Especially, smart home system is widely applied to security, communication, info-service, and home appliances related to Internet of Things (IoT). An increase in interest as to smart home system has been highlighted because of the development of IT devices at home and a proliferation of smart-device. This, consequently, be expected to develop not only control of home system but also the service industry of the entire construction. However, it is pointed out that there is no comprehensive evaluation model such as which functions are most useful and meaningful functions in practice. In this study, conducting a survey associated with the effectiveness of smart home technology in multi-family apartment in Korea. This study investigate the effectiveness and usability of current smart home technology thorough the example about IU SHELL. This study will be a fundamental research for improving smart home technology as to future projects in Korea.


The astrologist's posture is characterised by retroflexion of the neck combined with downward gaze and is a common compensation for severe bilateral ptosis. The term was probable first described by Sir Jonathan Hutchinson although references to his original publication are lacking.1 Although the term astrologist's posture is not widely used, we propose that it can very helpful in differentiating between two of the commonest types of adult onset ocular …


A description is presented of the standard 0 305 regular service bus, designed in accordance with the regulations of the public transport authority (Verband Oeffentlicher Verkehrs Betriebe). This experimental electric bus with hybrid drive is of advanced design; it requires minimum maintenance, has frames and superstructures constructed according to the latest conceptions, and provides good driving comfort and performance with a maximum degree of safety. It is envisaged as a solution to the exacting requirements of future traffic with regard to exhaust emission control. /TRRL/


Analytical formulas for the differential and total cross sections of single W-boson and Z-boson production in electron-positron collisions are given by using the equivalent-photon approximation.


This study aims to 1) study the factors affecting the success of the food and beverage workers in Phuket hotels.; 2) study the success level of the food service staff in Phuket hotels comprised performance. 3) compare success of the food and beverage workers in Phuket hotels as classified by personnel skills, work environment, Corporate Engagement, Income and welfare also the opportunity to advance in the job. The researcher collected data from 209 food and beverage operators who have been working for less than 6 months at Phuket hotels as a member of Thai Hotels Association in Phuket province, used in the study was a questionnaire. The analysis of data showed that 1. Factors affecting the success of the food service staff in the Phuket hotels in overall level of feedback were at very high. When considering each side, it found that work environment and cooperate engagement had the most comments followed by personnel skill, income and welfare also the opportunities advances in the jobs respectively. 2. The analysis of success factors in the work in overall level of feedback was very high. Considering the dimensions, it was found that proud dimension has the most comments followed by performance dimension and motivation dimension, respectively. 3. Hypothesis: personnel skill factor work environment, corporate engagement income and welfare, opportunities for job advancement that affect the success of the food service staff in Phuket hotels were different. The statistical significance level at 0.05 was not consistent with the hypothesis.


This article explores the rapid growth of participation in Aztec dance in Mexico, the increasing transnational movement of Aztec dancers across national borders, and the mixed receptions experienced by dancers in their efforts to forge networks with indigenous communities on a global level. Examining a discourse of conquest that has been reinvigorated and recirculated over centuries, I suggest that such ideas may thwart Aztec dancers' alliance-building efforts and may raise important questions about indigenous identity, appropriation, and group boundaries.


Goal. Determine the effect of the number and duration of the period of presence of weeds in rice crops on the level of yield.
Methods. We used general approaches to the study of the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses: herbological, laboratory-field, calculated, mathematical-statistical. Weed exposure studies were performed at 10, 20 and 30 pieces of chicken millet/1 m2, competition period — 20, 40, 80 days, and before harvest. Option of pure sowing, as well as all types of weeds without weeding and without treatments. Weeds were recorded at the same time as other pests at the same sites at the appropriate times. The number of weeds by species and their total number were counted, and their height, phase of development and biomass were determined. During the growing season, the increase in raw weed mass and rice yield were determined. The size of the experimental and accounting area is 1 m2, rice variety Ukraine 96.
Results. The most competitive species for nutrients and light on rice crops are representatives of the genus Echinochloa. There are different data regarding the decrease in rice yield from the number of weeds and the duration of their competition in crops. In the literature there are references that the level of infestation with chicken millet in the amount of 30—40 plants per 1 m2 reduces the yield by 10—15%, an increase in the number to 200 or more plants per 1 m2 leads to a decrease in yield by 50 % or more. In 2016—2018 In the experiment, the number of weeds was formed, which is the most competitive in obtaining a harvest of rice on the territory of Ukraine — chicken millet (ELH 10 pcs/m2). Studies of the influence of weediness were carried out at the number of 10, 20 and 30 pcs/1 m2, the competition period was 20, 40, 80 days and before harvesting, as well as the option of clean sowing. It was found that the yield of rice is negatively affected by both the number of weeds and the duration of infestation (competition). The dependence of the weight of rice grain on the weight of weeds was studied without the formation of the number, that is, all that were present in the sowing from the moment of germination in different periods (20, 40, 80 days) and before harvesting.
Conclusions. Rice yield losses were determined with different numbers of chicken millet and different duration of joint growth, peculiarities of growth and development of chicken millet under competitive conditions, general soil contamination in rice paddies. The minimum losses in comparison with clean crops are 5.8 %, provided that the number of chicken millet is 10 pcs/m2, and the duration of the competition is only 20 days. With the number of 10 pcs/m2, 20, 30 pcs/m2 of chicken millet, and their competition before harvesting, the losses are — 68.7%, 81.4% and 73.9%, respectively, in comparison with clean crops. An increase in weed weight is directly proportional to a decrease in grain weight. A reliable strong relationship was established between an increase in the mass of weeds and the mass of grain r = –0.901.


In the Parkland region of the Canadian prairies, Canola (Brassica napus L. or Brassica rapa L.) is an important cash crop. Canola has a high requirement for sulphur (S). However, many soils in this region are deficient or potentially deficient in plant-available S for optimum canola seed yield. Application of sulphate-S at about 15–30 kg S ha-1 is usually sufficient to prevent S deficiency in canola on most of the S-deficient soils. Application of sulphate-S to canola at seeding time gives the highest increase in yield and S uptake. Deficiencies of S in canola plants can be prevented and/or corrected and seed yield improved with the use of sulphate-S fertilizers in the growing season. Application of sulphate-S at bolting can substantially restore seed yield, while an application at early flowering can moderately correct S deficiency damage. Side-banding is the most effective way to apply sulphate-S fertilizers to produce maximum seed yield and to prevent any damage to canola seedlings from seed-row placem...


Microbial biomass (MB) plays a critical role in residue decomposition and soil organic matter (SOM) turnover. We investigated the effects of the initial size of soil MB pool and nitrogen (N) availability on the incorporation of ryegrass residue carbon (C) into microbial biomass C (MBC) and dissolved organic C (DOC). Soils from a row crop system (CS) and an adjacent grass sod (GS) were preincubated with (i.e., increased MB) and without (i.e., unchanged MB) glucose to produce soils with two levels of initial MB size before residue additions. Ammonium sulfate was added to test the effect of N availability. Residue addition increased DOC production in both soils, regardless of initial MB size and N availability, contributing 9 to ∼22% to the total pool. Residue quality was observed to affect the incorporation of residue C into DOC, which depended on soil type and initial MB size. However, the assimilation of residue C into MBC was not affected by the quality of ryegrass residue. Compared with the control (which did not have residue and N additions), a significant increase in SOM-derived MBC by residue addition was observed in CS without glucose preincubation but not in the glucose preincubated CS and in GS. This indicated that the primed MBC by residue addition depended on initial MB size and soil type. The assimilation of residue C into MB was marginally inhibited by the preincubation with glucose in GS but was promoted in CS. With the addition of extra N, higher ryegrass-derived MBC was observed in CS with glucose preincubation compared with the corresponding treatments without preincubation, which was not found in GS. These results suggested that residue-derived MBC was not only regulated by initial MB size and N availability but also was affected by soil management history. However, N addition reduced ryegrass-derived DOC production in GS without glucose preincubation. Apparently, both soil MB size and N availability largely affected the assimilation and incorporation of residue C in soil labile pools (i.e., DOC and MBC), and the extent of this relationship varied between two agricultural soils.


The studies on 1139 main field in Yunnan showed that nutrient balance were reasonable to tobacco-wheat rotation models in main rotation models,and nutrient balance were unreasonable to else rotation models.The nutrient element of kalium and phosphorus were very destitute in field in whole years,especially kalium element.The factors that made kalium and phosphorus to change destitute in field mainly were that fertilizers of kalium and phosphorus were input insufficiently.


Natural compounds such as ursolic acid (UA) and digoxin isolated from fruits and other plants display potent anti-cancer effects in preclinical studies. UA and digoxin have also been at several clinical trials for treatment of different cancers including prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer and breast cancer. However, they displayed limited benefit to patients. Currently, a poor understanding of their direct targets and mechanisms of action (MOA) in tumor cells severely hinders their further development. We previously identified nuclear receptor RORγ as a novel therapeutic target in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Previous studies implicated UA and digoxin as potential RORγ antagonists in modulating the functions of immune cells such as Th17 cells. Here we showed that UA displays a strong activity in inhibition of RORγ-dependent transactivation function, while digoxin exhibits no effect at clinically relevant concentrations. In prostate cancer cells, UA down-regulates RORγ-stimulated AR expression and AR signaling, whereas digoxin up-regulates AR signaling pathway. UA also showed potent anti-growth effects in AR-positive prostate cancer cells compared to AR-negative prostate cancer cells. In TNBC cells, UA but not digoxin alters RORγ-regulated cell proliferation and apoptosis gene programs. Together, our study shows for the first-time that UA, but not digoxin, acts as a natural antagonist of RORγ in prostate cancer and TNBC cells. Our finding that RORγ is a direct target of UA in specific type of cancer will help select patients with tumors that likely respond to UA treatment.
 Citation Format: Hongye Zou, Yatian Yang, Demin Cai, Hong-Wu Chen. Natural compounds ursolic acid and digoxin exhibit anti-cancer effects through nuclear receptor RORγ-dependent and -independent mechanisms. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4918.


The aim of this study was to investigate the anxiety symptoms among patients scheduled for elective surgery. Materials and Methods: 64 patients ASA I–III who underwent a scheduled minimally, moderate or highly invasive surgery, filled out the Spielberger State – Trait Anxiety questionnaire 24 hours preoperatively. This questionnaire differentiates the state anxiety from the personality's trait anxiety (2). Patients' age, gender, and medical history of previous operations were recorded. T-test, 2, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation were used for statistical analysis with p 0.05 accepted as statistically significant. Results are presented as Mean SD. Results and Discussions: The mean age of the sample was 46.12 10.12 years with no statistical significant difference according to the gender (t-test, p 0.05). In addition there was no difference according to the gender between patients who had a previous operation ( 2, p 0.05). The mean State Anxiety score was 41.53 14.35 and the mean Trait Anxiety score was 39.97 10.71. The overall Anxiety score of the scale was 81.5 22.54 with a 24% of the patients presenting pathologic values. The anxiety scores were not significantly different according to the type of surgery or the ASA physical status of the patient (ANOVA, p 0.05). Females had higher State anxiety scores than males (47.45 against 34.94: t-test, p 0.05). Age seems to have no correlation with anxiety symptoms (Pearson Correlation, p 0.05). High positive correlation was found between State and Trait Anxiety pathologic scores (Pearson Correlation, p 0.01). Conclusion(s): State anxiety disorders are common among patients preoperatively and more vulnerable seems to be females. Probably this should be taken into account for the preoperative assessment in order for supportive psychological interventions to be developed. References: 1 Mavreas VG, Beis A, Mouyias A, et al. Soc Psychiatry 1986; 21: 172–181. 2 Spielberger GD, Gorush RL, Lusshene RE (1970) The state – trait Anxiety Inventory. Palo Alto CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.


High-speed rail (HSR) is often claimed to bring different regions and cities closer together by shortening travel times, which can reduce the costs and increase enterprises productivity to promote a sustainable economy. However, another view argues that HSR transfers economic activities from peripheral cities to core cities, resulting in unbalanced regional economic development and damaging the sustainability of the economy. Based on microdata from China, this paper empirically investigates the impact of HSR on the enterprises productivity in both core cities and peripheral cities and explores the impact mechanism from the perspective of allocation effect and distribution effect caused by HSR. The results show that the connection of HSR positively affects the enterprises productivity in core cities, while it negatively affects the enterprises productivity in peripheral cities, with effect values of 1.38% and -8.45%, respectively. The conclusion still holds after endogenous treatment and multiple robustness tests are conducted. Additionally, the allocation effect analysis shows that the market access caused by HSR has an optimization effect on the resource allocation efficiency of both core cities and peripheral cities. The distribution effect analysis reveals that the distribution of enterprise productivity in peripheral cities has market heterogeneity, regional heterogeneity, and location heterogeneity. The important policy significance of this paper is that, in order to promote the sustainable development of enterprises and the economy, it should reduce policy restrictions and promote the effective flow of capital and talents, carry out the dislocation development of industry for peripheral cities, and "build a nest to attract the phoenix."


A comprehensive survey of the literature was made in an effort to identify nonmetallic materials of possible usefulness as liquid coolants. Materials having maximum melting points of 1000 deg F and boiling points of l200 deg F were considered, but boiling points above 2200 deg F were preferred. Melting points, boiling points, densities, heat capacities, and thermal conductivities were tabulated. Approximately 190 materials appeared to have melting and boiling temperatures in a suitable range. A paucity of thermal- conductivty and heat-capacity data prevented further estimates of suitability of all but nine of these materials. Of these nine nonmetallics, only sodium hydroxide appeared to offer possibilities when considered according to the NEPA formula. (M.C.G.)


In the absence of an internal particle source, plasma turbulence will impose an intrinsic relationship between an inwards pinch and an outwards diffusion resulting in a stationary density profile. The Alcator C-mod tokamak utilizes RF heating and current drive so that fueling only occurs in the vicinity of the separatrix. Discharges that transition from L-mode to I-mode are seen to maintain a self-similar stationary density profile as measured by Thomson scattering. For discharges with negative magnetic shear, an observed rise of the safety factor in the vicinity of the magnetic axis appears to be accompanied by a decrease of electron density, qualitatively consistent with the theoretical expectations.


All bacteraemic cases, from August 2006 to September 2007 were identified by reviewing all positive blood culture results from the microbiology department of our hospital. One thousand three hundred and sixty six cases were detected in 1336 patients. The rate of true bacteremia which was 13.1 and 10.7% of cultures were contaminated. Of the 1366 episodes of bloodstream infection, 55.3% were community-acquired and 44.7% were health-care associated. Gram-positive bacteria prevailed (58.5%), followed by gram negative bacilli (38.5%). Polymicrobial bacteremia was detected in 2.2% of cases. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were the leading cause (550/1366 = 40.3%), whilst enterococci,Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococci represented 8, 6.4 and 3.8% respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the commonest gram-negative isolate (155/1366 = 11.3%), followed by Escherichia coli (8.2%) and Acinetobactersp. (7.3%). Fungi were isolated in the 3% of the isolates and Candida albicansaccounted for the 70.7% of them. Fatal outcome due to bloodstream infections was 15.3% and 5.7% in hospital (HA) and community-acquired (CA) episodes, respectively (P < 0.0005).The highest mortality occurred in patients with bacteremia due to Acinetobacter (41%) in HA episodes, and in patients with bacteremia due to S. aureus (34.0%) in CA incidents.

 Key words: Bacteraemia, pathogens, antimicrobial resistance.


Significance A timely diagnosis is key for both survival and quality of life of children with CHARGE syndrome (coloboma, heart defects, atresia of choanae, retardation of growth/development, genital abnormalities, and ear anomalies). Such diagnosis is often difficult to establish, in part because many patients test negative for mutation of CHD7, the only gene associated with this condition to date. Identifying additional CHARGE-associated genes would not only help resolve diagnosis issues but could also help in identifying common pathogenic mechanisms, which in turn could lead to desirable curative interventions for all patients. Here, FAM172A is reported as a new candidate gene for CHARGE syndrome. This discovery has allowed us to reveal a molecular process that is dysregulated in both CHD7 mutation-positive and -negative cases, such defect being correctable in vitro with rapamycin. CHARGE syndrome—which stands for coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of choanae, retardation of growth/development, genital abnormalities, and ear anomalies—is a severe developmental disorder with wide phenotypic variability, caused mainly by mutations in CHD7 (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7), known to encode a chromatin remodeler. The genetic lesions responsible for CHD7 mutation-negative cases are unknown, at least in part because the pathogenic mechanisms underlying CHARGE syndrome remain poorly defined. Here, we report the characterization of a mouse model for CHD7 mutation-negative cases of CHARGE syndrome generated by insertional mutagenesis of Fam172a (family with sequence similarity 172, member A). We show that Fam172a plays a key role in the regulation of cotranscriptional alternative splicing, notably by interacting with Ago2 (Argonaute-2) and Chd7. Validation studies in a human cohort allow us to propose that dysregulation of cotranscriptional alternative splicing is a unifying pathogenic mechanism for both CHD7 mutation-positive and CHD7 mutation-negative cases. We also present evidence that such splicing defects can be corrected in vitro by acute rapamycin treatment.


characterised by way of a high degree of binding and small volumes of ABSTRACT Dexibuprofen is a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug. It indicated for short term management of mild to moderately severe acute pain, along with dental pain, dysmenorrhoea, muscular pain and osteoarthritis. In the prevailing work, studies have been carried on the preparation and in-vitro characterisation of matrix tablets of dexibuprofen using different polymers like hydrophilic and hydrophobic. Different formulations had been prepared by wet granulation method using various release retarding polymers like methyl cellulose, xanthan gum and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Water soluble surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate had been employed for enhancing the solubility of the dexibuprofen. Drug-excipients compatibility became performed by way of FTIR. Different parameters had been evaluated for hardness, thickness, friability, drug content


Several real optimization problems are very difficult, and their optimal solutions cannot be found with a traditional method. Moreover, for some of these problems, the large number of decision variables is a major contributing factor to their complexity; they are known as Large-Scale Optimization Problems, and various strategies have been proposed to deal with them. One of the most popular tools is called Cooperative Co-Evolution, which works through a decomposition of the decision variables into smaller subproblems or variables subgroups, which are optimized separately and cooperate to finally create a complete solution of the original problem. This kind of decomposition can be handled as a combinatorial optimization problem where we want to group variables that interact with each other. In this work, we propose a Grouping Genetic Algorithm to optimize the variable decomposition by reducing their interaction. Although the Cooperative Co-Evolution approach is widely used to deal with unconstrained optimization problems, there are few works related to constrained problems. Therefore, our experiments were performed on a test benchmark of 18 constrained functions under 100, 500, and 1000 variables. The results obtained indicate that a Grouping Genetic Algorithm is an appropriate tool to optimize the variable decomposition for Large-Scale Constrained Optimization Problems, outperforming the decomposition obtained by a state-of-the-art genetic algorithm.


Hearing studies with odontocete cetaceans often use suction-cup transducers known as``jawphones" to imitate underwater stimulus transmission. Jawphones are typically calibrated by measuring a frequency-response curve with a receiving hydrophone placed at a controlled distance in an underwater direct field. This procedure is somewhat controversial, as it may not sufficiently reproduce the odontocete sound reception pathway. This study calibrated a jawphone by comparing two behavioral audiograms for a single bottlenose dolphin. The first audiogram comprised underwater hearing thresholds (in dB re 1 μPa) measured using direct-field stimulation, the second comprised thresholds (in dBV) measured using a jawphone. All thresholds were measured using a psychophysical staircase procedure at frequencies from 14.1 to 150 kHz. The calibration curve was calculated by subtracting, at matched frequencies, jawphone thresholds from underwater direct-field thresholds. The resulting curve had the shape of a bandpass filter,...


The continuous development of health IT fuels a process of ongoing digitalization that can affect the work of hospital staff negatively with respect to the poor integration of IT systems. One aim i ...


A Paris based MBA program has been set up as a for profit joint venture between a French entrepreneur and a U.S. University to be the first American style global MBA program delivered in English by primarily US faculty in Paris. Three directors headed the Paris Program in the first three years of operations while the U.S. University was led by three different Deans. The last Paris director resigned and the partners are threatening legal action. Both financial and cross-cultural management issues have generated internal conflict and student concerns. Pierre Martin is the latest University envoy. The case depicts the evolution of the Paris program from its inception to the beginning of the fourth year of operation. The case is presented from the perspective of a faculty member who is sent to Paris to direct the program after three years of severe strains in the management of the Paris joint venture. It examines the potential management/leadership conflicts and issues in a cross border joint venture in a service industry. As the new director arrives in Paris in July, he realizes no student has been accepted for the October starting MBA program. He finds internal memos on a computer hard disk, which reveals serious issues with the joint venture.


Objective To observe the distribution and safety of the foreign muhidrug resistance gene 1 ( mdrl ) in gene therapy.Methods After the bone marrow mononuclear cells which transferred with mdrl were transplanted into BABL/C,the expression of foreign mdrl in the bone marrow,peripheral blood and chief organs were detected by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.The safety was detected by counting peripheral white blood ceils and hematoxylin and eosin staining of chief organs.Results The expression of mdrl in bone marrow was reduced gradually along with the time on,but there was no difference between the groups (X2= 3.74,P>0.05 ).The strongest expression of mdrl in peripheral blood was detected at the second month,and no difference between the groups (x2 = 2.31,P>0.05 ).There was no expression of mdrl in chief organs.There was obvious difference between experiment group and control group in the number of peripheral white blood cells at 60th day ( t = 6.173,P<0.05 ).Inflammatory exudation and edema were observed in liver and kidney.Conclusion The expression of mdrl in bone marrow and peripheral blood was high,but no expression was detected in chief organs.The mdrl transfection had no effect on the number of peripheral white blood cells and chief organs.

Key words:
Multidrug resistance gene; Bone marrow transplantation; Gene therapy


T HE WIDE SPREAD realization that the present ordeal of our culture is basically spiritual indicates the increasing importance of a study of the philosophy of religion. Yet the full implications of this fact are slow in reaching our academic institutions. Caught as they are in financial stringency and in insistent demands for supplying technical experts for the work of the war, they face the grave danger that they will increasingly offer what Hutchins has called "education by contract." In this case we are sure to suffer from an over-


Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers were developed for Pedicularis ishidoyana (Orobanchaceae), an endangered and hemiparasitic plant that is narrowly endemic to Korea. Because its populations are threatened by loss of suitable habitat, conservation efforts are required. Methods and Results: We developed polymorphic microsatellite loci through reference mapping of 300-bp paired-end reads obtained from Illumina MiSeq data. In all, 74 primer pairs were designed and 32 were amplified. Of these, 18 pairs were polymorphic, with two to six alleles each occurring in 26 individual plants. Expected and observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.142 to 0.703 and from 0.077 to 0.615, respectively. Conclusions: These microsatellite markers are expected to be useful for studies of the population genetics of P. ishidoyana.


Starting from the well-known correspondence between <italic>Odes</italic> 1.7.30–31 and <italic>Aeneid</italic> 1.198–99, this article finds a deep intertextual relationship between 1.7 and the <italic>Aeneid</italic> (Book 1, especially, but also Books 4, 6, 7, and 8), anchored by correspondences of occasion and theme (speeches of arrival, dining, and wine). The article argues for Vergilian priority, explaining Horace's (largely corrective) emulation of the <italic>Aeneid</italic> in terms of his literary self-positioning as lyric poet. Further confirmation of Horatian dialogue with the <italic>Aeneid</italic> is found elsewhere in the "Parade Odes" (1.1–9) as well as in 1.11 and 1.18.


This chapter attempts to find how the Matagi hunters of Tohoku region in Japan contacted the Ainu hunters and how the Matagi language absorbed the Ainu vocabulary. The Ainu hunters contacted the Japanese hunters there on a routine basis because the Ainu people settled down in Tohoku region before the Old Japanese period and have lived there since. The Japanese hunters borrowed some Ainu words necessary for living, hunting, and rituals in the mountains after the Middle Japanese period. The term Matagi, however, might have been employed long before the Middle Japanese period. During the Middle Japanese period the Yamato state came to dominate the entire Tohoku area. Although some Ainu adjusted to the Japanese living environment there, the rest probably escaped up toward Hokkaido. Hence, the Ainu people became less and less in Tohoku region. Eventually the Ainu words remained mainly in the Matagi language, although they are never spoken again.


AIMS: This lab will introduce you to the basal metazoan groups: the Porifera (sponges) and the diploblastic Cnidaria (hydroids, jellyfish, anemones, sea pens, corals, and relatives). You will see examples of the important fossil representatives of these groups: demosponges, hexactinellids, and archaeocyaths (Porifera); and the rugose, tabulate, and scleractinian corals (Cnidaria). The method of cladistics, by which we can best produce a hypothesis as to the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms, is introduced. By the end of this lab you should be able to identify the major poriferan and cnidarian fossil groups, be familiar with the stratigraphic ranges of these taxa, and understand the basic operation of cladistic analyses.


To facilitate research cooperation among the nations of Central and Eastern Europe, ISAC supported the Epona Cytometry Conference in eastern Hungary near Debrecen and the Hortobagy National Park. This was the first ISAC sponsored conference held in Hungary. The 150 attendees included scientists from Hungary, Austria, the Czech Republic, Croatia, Slovenia, Romania, Poland, Ukraine, and Russia. There was also representation from Western Europe, North America, and Japan. Presentations and posters were of typically high ISAC quality. In addition, the Epona meeting attracted an impressive selection of commercial exhibits that provided contacts and improved the awareness of advanced analytical cytology for the attendees.

The Epona conference was organized with Hungarian passion and skill by Professor Sandor Damjanovich, Dr. Janos Szollosi, and the members of the Biophysics and Cell Biology Department of the Medical School of Debrecen. The Department has been active in cytometry for over 20 years, and in hosting the conference, it also celebrated the 20th anniversary of its installment of the first cell sorter in Eastern Europe. The successful meeting demonstrates that Hungarians are strong contenders for the organization of future ISAC meetings. During my 1999 Fulbright Scholarship in Professor Damjanovich's Department, I traveled extensively and can verify that there are other unique sites in Hungary—Sopron, Pecs, Lake Balaton, and Budapest—for ISAC meetings.

The site of the conference was on the Hungarian Puszta or plain near the Hortobagy National Park, which offered tours to observe "Hungarian Cowboys," long-horned cattle, twisted-horn sheep, hairy pigs, and water buffalo, which were brought into the Carpathian Basin by the Magyars. Located in beautiful grasslands on the edge of the Park, the Epona Village was an excellent site for the meeting and is distinctly Hungarian.

The timing of the conference was dramatic. Hungary was admitted to NATO in April and the Kosovo conflict with Yugoslavia began a few weeks later. During the conference, NATO air raids into Kosovo were being conducted from bases in southern Hungary. There was much concerned discussion among the attendees of the Kosovo situation. All regretted the loss of life, and all shared the hope that creating cooperative projects in science, agriculture, business, and education will lower international tension. In supporting the Epona conference, ISAC contributed importantly to cooperative science.


Download PDF Ebook and Read OnlinePorcine Endogenous Retrovirus Wikipedia%0D. Get Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus Wikipedia%0D Endogenous retrovirus Wikipedia For humans, porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) pose a concern when using porcine tissues and organs in xenotransplantion, the transplanting of living cells, tissues, and organs from an organism of one species to an organism of different species. Although pigs are generally the most suitable donors to treat human organ diseases due to practical, financial, safety, and ethical reasons http://home.schoolnutritionandfitness.com/Endogenous-retrovirus-Wikipedia.pdf Porcine endogenous retroviruses PERVs generation of Xenotransplantation may be associated with the risk of transmission of microorganisms. In particular, the porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) have raised concerns as in vitro experiments show susceptibility of human cells for PERV infection. However, it remains unclear whether PERVs are able to i http://home.schoolnutritionandfitness.com/Porcine-endogenous-retroviruses--PERVs-generation-of--.p df Gammaretrovirus Wikipedia The Tursiops truncates endogenous retrovirus original invasion dates back to approximately 10 19 million years ago, and was identified in killer whale endogenous gammaretrovirus which invaded over 3 million years ago. In 2009, another endogenous gammaretroviruses were detected in a species of killer whale, as well as nine other cetacean genomes. http://home.schoolnutritionandfitness.com/Gammaretrovirus-Wikipedia.pdf Porcine endogenous retroviruses Quantification of the Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV s) may pose a risk of xenotransplantation using porcine cells, tissues, or organs. PERV s are integrated in the genome of all pigs, and some can infect certain human cells. The copy number of PERV s in different pig breeds has been determined by using different methods, with varying results. http://home.schoolnutritionandfitness.com/Porcine-endogenous-retroviruses--Quantification-of-the--.pd f Ancient origin and complex evolution of porcine endogenous Porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERVs) are endogenous gammaretroviruses and exist in the genomes of all pig strains [1,2]. Although there is no evidence of PERV transmission in patients receiving encapsulated pig islets [ [3] , [4] , [5] ], it has been found that PERV-A, -B, and recombinant A/C genotypes are able to infect both human and pig cells, raising major concerns on the safety of xenotransplantation [ 1 , 6 ]. http://home.schoolnutritionandfitness.com/Ancient-origin-and-complex-evolution-of-porcine-endogeno us--.pdf Molecular Characterization of Porcine Endogenous While the pigs are considered the most suitable organ source for xenotransplantation, there is a potential public health risk due to zoonosis. Among the known porcine zoonotic microbes, Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus (PERV) is the most considerable virus. PERV belongs to the Gammaretrovirus and has been divided into three groups (A, B, and C). http://home.schoolnutritionandfitness.com/Molecular-Characterization-of-Porcine-Endogenous--.pdf Porcine Endogenous Retrovirus an overview


The invention provides a dual-cycle machine room energy-saving air conditioner which comprises an evaporator arranged in a machine room as well as a condenser, a compressor, a three-way valve, a first intermediate heat exchanger and a second intermediate heat exchanger which are arranged outside the machine room, wherein the three-way valve comprises a first inlet, a second inlet and an outlet, and the outlet is alternatively communicated with the first inlet or the second inlet; and the alternative communication of the three-way valve can realize the switching between a heat-tube heat exchange mode and a compression refrigerating cycle heat exchange mode. The dual-cycle machine room energy-saving air conditioner can flexibly select one heat exchange mode according to the temperature difference between the interior and the exterior of the machine room, thereby effectively solving the heat extraction problem of the machine room and achieving the advantages of low energy consumption, high reliability and long service life.


To evaluate the effect of adjuvants during intensive vaginal dilator therapy for functional and anatomical neovagina creation in women with Mayer‐Rokitansky‐Kuster‐Hauser syndrome (MRKH).


We report the results of a UBVRI photometric monitoring campaign for three classical T Tauri stars (AA Tau, DN Tau, and UX Tau A) and two weak emission line T Tauri stars (Lk Ca 4 and Lk Ca 7). Observations were obtained at three sites during a core observing period spanning UT 1985 October 14 through UT 1985 December 25, with additional observations continuing until UT 1986 April 6. Concurrent spectrophotometric observations were obtained for all main program stars except Lk Ca 7 and additionally for T Tau, RW Aur, and RY Tau. Periodic photometric variability, assumed to be the stars' rotation periods, were found for AA Tau, DN Tau, Lk Ca 4, and Lk Ca 7, respectively, as 8.2, 6.3, 3.4, and 5.7 days. Several U-filter flares were observed for Lk Ca 4 and Lk Ca 7, which are strongly concentrated toward phases of minimum light. Correlations are found between H-alpha line strengths and V magnitudes for AA Tau and RY Tau. An analysis of absolute color variations of classical T Tauri stars confirms that hot spots are the predominant cause of these stars' variability. Our overall results are consistent with earlier findings that long-lived cool spots are responsible for most of the variability found for weak-emission T Tauri stars, while temporal hot spots are primarily responsible for the observed variability found in classical T Tauri stars.


Organizational change typically implies risk for affected staff, who, consequently, will resist such change. A review of literature on this subject indicates that no appropriate framework has been developed for implementing challenging organizational change that looks after the interest of a risk-averse staff. We apply a model that illustrates the extent to which change managers can implement organizational change that is acceptable to the staff. Our model highlights three possible methods of implementation: (1) compensation for additional risks, (2) governance structures to reduce individual risks, and (3) governance structures to reduce the individual impact of risks. Our model also defines the conditions under which information, communication, and participation become effective tools for mitigating the challenge of risky organizational change.


Ingrid Eshun-Wilson and colleagues summarize gaps in primary HIV implementation research methods and reporting, and propose areas for future methodological development.


Background: Intussuception is a common cause of acute intestinal obstruction in children and contributor of morbidity and mortality in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate efficacy of hydrostatic reduction of intussusception over operative reduction using normal saline enema in children and to identify procedure related complications.Methods: All patients presenting to us with features of intussusception clinically and confirmed by ultrasonography between June 2015 to November 2017 were included in study. Depending on haemodynamic stability of patient and surgeon's preference, patients were subjected to trial of hydrostatic reduction by normal saline enema or operative procedure. Patients with failure or partial reduction were taken for surgery.Results: The mean age was 21.07 months with a male preponderance. Of 53 patients attending the institute, 32 were given a trial of hydrostatic reduction which was successful in 28. Thus success rate was 87.5%. 1 patient succumbed resulting in 1.4% mortality rate after the procedure. It was observed that longer duration of symptoms reduced chances of reduction. 88%patients with successful hydrostatic reduction were discharged within 4 days of admission.Conclusions: We conclude that ultrasound guided saline enema is simple ,safe and effective method of treating intussusception in children with low rate of complications and can be strongly recommended as first line of treatment of intussusception in select group of paediatric patient, especially those reporting early to the hospital.


Compaction-induced deformations affect the properties of fibre reinforced composites. In order to account for this, accurate models of the compacted textile geometry are required. This paper presents the development of an efficient simulation approach to capture the compaction-induced deformations of fibre reinforced textiles. The simulations are carried out using the Abaqus dynamic explicit solver, whereby two flat plates are used to compact the textile model mesh to the desired cavity thickness. Isotropic elastic material models are used. The transverse elastic modulus of the tows and a Poisson's ratio are determined by matching single-tow deformation simulations to deformations obtained experimentally. The compacted unit cell geometries are verified by comparing with measurements obtained from images of compacted textile samples. Using this simplified simulation setup and material definitions enables the compacted geometry of textiles to be predicted with minimal input data that is simple to obtain.


The electrochemical behavior of three diphenylamine derivatives in the presence of sulfide and sulfhydryl thiols (RSH) in aqueous solution on a glassy carbon electrode has been investigated. All three are shown to exhibit modified voltammetric profiles upon the addition of low concentrations of sulfide, which may provide alternative routes for the detection of this important analyte. The various strategies within which they can be employed have been identified and a brief comparison of their analytical utility (limit of detection, linear range, selectivity etc.) compiled. The reaction of sulfide with 4,4-diaminodiphenylamine is shown to be particularly promising with a number of options through which sulfide levels could be identified. Evidence for the electrochemical formation of the sulfur heterocycle, thionine, is presented and the potential advantages of such reactions highlighted.


Crystal structure of neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase reductase (nNOSr) implies that large-scale domain motion is essential for electron transfer. However, the details are not well understood. To address this, we generated a functioning "Cys-lite" version of nNOSr and then replaced the nNOSr Glu and Arg residues with Cys in the FMN and FAD domains (CL5SS) in order to allow cross-domain disulfide bond formation under pH 9 or to cross-linking using bis-maleimides. Cross-linked CL5SS exhibited a ≥95% decrease in cytochrome c reductase activity and reduction of the disulfide bond restored the activities. The results demonstrate that a conformational equilibrium involving FMN domains motion is essential for the electron transfer. A graded lengthening of the bis-maleimide cross-linkers was associated with an increase in activity, thus helping to define the distance constraints for domain opening. Stopped-flow kinetic


The COVID-19 pandemic confronted chemistry instructors worldwide with many new challenges as they were quickly required to make the shift to remote instruction. One of these challenges was administering assessments in an online format. This was the topic of many discussions in the online support group Strategies for Teaching Chemistry (SFTC). This study aimed to analyze the discussions taking place in SFTC that focused on assessment and academic integrity. A phenomenographic analysis was conducted in order to identify the different philosophies of assessment expressed by members of the online SFTC community. Constructivism and behaviorism were used as a lens to characterize instructors' ideas about assessment and examine how these ideas intersect with issues of academic integrity. Finally, results were analyzed via the fraud triangle to offer implications for mitigating cheating and promoting an environment of academic integrity. The results indicate that an instructor's methods to promote academic integrity in their classroom are influenced by their teaching philosophy and their beliefs about assessment.


Oxidation of several 1,4-dimethyl-6-phenyl-2,7-dioxabicyclo[2,2,1]heptanes with m-chloroperbenzoic acid yielded the title bicyclic orthoesters, with conservation of configuration of the 6-substituents. With 6-endo-alkyl-6-exo-phenyl substituents, the oxidation was directed towards the 1-methyl, yielding the 1-hydroxymethyl analogue of the starting material. A perester, resulting from the addition of a peracid molecule to the bicyclic acetal, is suggested as an intermediate in these reactions. A conformational analysis, based on n.m.r. spectra, indicates a boat conformation for the six-membered ring of the orthesters bearing a 3-endo-phenyl substituent.


In this chapter we use corpus linguistic techniques to analyse reader comments on the website of the UK newspaper The Guardian. Our research is based on a corpus containing over 500,000 articles published on the website from 2007 to 2010, along with all 6.2 million comments made on those articles. We examine the distribution of comments across articles and topics before going on to
explore the commenting behaviour of individual people. The Guardian website is a public forum with over 20 million unique visitors per month yet, as we demonstrate, it is an online space where people are able to build distinct subcommunities around particular topics and interact regularly on an individual basis without necessarily knowing one another's true identity.


growing numbers of people living to older ages, age-related diseases have become an increasing challenge for societies everywhere. Many age-related diseases however, should rather be considered lifestyle-related diseases since lifestyle plays an important role in the etiology and the treatment of cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2I diabetes and many forms of cancer. This has led to a large body of literature investigating the possibility to change people's lifestyle. Interventions with, for example, physiotherapists that engage in daily physical activity with older people have shown substantial benefits, even reversing type 2 diabetes and some characteristics of the ageing process (1,2). Most lifestyle interventions, however, struggle to achieve sustained, long-term behavioural change (3,4). Few individuals can maintain the effort to adopt a new diet or exercise regime themselves, without intensive coaching by professionals. These interventions are therefore expensive and this hinders the widespread and continued delivery to the growing number of older people with unhealthy lifestyle and (risk for) age-related disease. Therefore, it is important to explore novel sustainable and cost-effective methods for lifestyle interventions to combat the burden of agerelated disease in ageing societies. One often overlooked influence on the health behaviour of older people is the effect of the social environment. We believe that peer coaching, in which older people coach each other in achieving lifestyle changes, is such a promising method to deliver health benefits in a sustainable, scalable way. Although there is substantial documentation of the effect of peers on adolescents and children, the influence of peers has been overlooked in older people. In peer coaching, the social environment is applied as a method to deliver an intervention. Peer coaching is a face-to-face intervention in which a group is led by a peer, a non-professional, who shares a common background with the participants. A peer coach uses experiential knowledge to understand the wishes, motivations, possibilities and limitations of the participants. In the secondary prevention of alcohol abuse, peer coaching is already applied very successfully through Alcoholics Anonymous, which delivers health benefits through peer coaching to over two million members spread over 150 countries (5,6). Since increasing physical activity is able to ameliorate so many characteristics of the ageing process, we have studied a proof-of-principle in which peer coaching is applied to establish a sustainable and cost-effective increase in physical activity of a group of older adults in The Netherlands


The present invention relates to refrigerated milk beverage flows through the UHT sterilization treatment for manufacturing and LL type milk drinks, there is provided a storage does not precipitate stably emulsified plant sterol-containing, holding quality, excellent stability of the plant sterol-containing milk drink. In addition to plant sterol and a milk ingredient, it also with an emulsifier having an HLB of 5 to 7 to prepare a milk beverage. It is also possible with the selected xanthan gum, native gellan gum, at least one carrageenan, casein sodium, and microcrystalline cellulose.


The standard floors are divided for the soil whose buried depth is from 3. 0 m to 57. 0 m at Dongying area in Shandong. According to statistical analysis of the dynamic triaxial test on the selected 42 groups of clay,silty clay,silt( medium density),silty clay and silty sand interbedded strata,the test results of dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio variation with shear strain of the samples are given. Besides,the differences between test value and recommended value from Yuan et al( 2000) are compared and analyzed. The results show that the experiment value of the various soils has representativeness and practicability at Dongying area in Shandong,which has been applied in the seismic safety evaluation in Dongying downtown area.


The centrifuge method has been used to measure the effect of temperature on the swelling of viscose rayon and cotton. It is shown that a minimum occurs in the temperature-swelling curve for both fibres in the region of 50–60°C. Results are also given for the irreversible change in the water-imbibition of viscose rayon which occurs when these fibres are heated in water for short periods.


Foreign Medical Literature, for July, {Am. Med. Monthly^ a resume of Sansom's Experiments on the Action of Chloro form on the Blood. According to the author, the effect of the mingling of liquid chloroform with the blood is an almost total solution of the red corpuscles. Under the microscope, a nearly homogeneous yellow-tinted field presents itself, with here and there only the faint outline of a red blood-corpuscle. The white corpuscles, on the other hand, appear to have been uninfluenced. To trace the most subtle effect of feebler influences, M. Sansom used in these investigations frog's blood. Placing a little undiluted on a glass slide, he exposed it for only about two seconds to the vapor proceeding from an open bottle of chloroform at the or dinary temperature of the air; having covered the blood with a slip of thin glass, he examined it under the microscope, and, as the result of his examination, lie believes the progressive changes on the blood-corpuscle to be the following:


A variety of contemporary external cost situations are characterized by the small number of affected parties involved. In resolving externality situations characterized by small numbers, much of the theoretical literature has addressed the relative merits of the collective authority using a property rule or imposing liability rules. While the consensus of previous analysis is that a clear-cut case for one approach or the other cannot be made, it is argued here that under plausible assumptions, liability rules will generally be superior on both efficiency and equity grounds.


Unfold in, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene product of YDL178w (YDL178wp) formed a homo-oligomeric complex consisting of 10 to 12 subunits arranged in a horseshoe-like structure with the ~10nm in diameter and ~2nm of central cavity.1 It has a chaperone-like proteinunfolding activity; aggregated protein substrates such as amyloid b(142) or a-synuclein, increases its trypsin susceptibility even under the treatment of low concentration of the protease,2 indicating that Unfold in possesses the robust protein-unfolding activity.3,4 Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), but not its hydrolysis, promoted the binding of Unfoldin to protein substrates without any specificity in vitro,5 and the removal of its C-terminal coiled-coil region led to the dissociation of oligomer concomitant with the loss of both substrate-binding and protein-unfolding activities.1,2 Electron microscopy observation revealed that Unfoldin adapted at least in two states that correspond to either an "open state" in the presence of ATP or a "closed state" in the absence of ATP. Monomeric protein which consists of Unfoldin,1 YDL178wp, was initially identified as an actin interacting protein 2 (AIP2) using a yeast two-hybrid system,6 and then it was renamed as D-lactate dehydrogenase 2 (Dld2),7 because of the homology of Dld1p though the mitochondrial enzymatic activity is exhibited only weakly.


Path planning, critical to mobile robot autonomy, is an essential component of long-range navigation that seeks to determine the sequence of steps required to reach a goal based on prior encoding of the environment. Our current neurobiological understanding of such a pathfinding process comes from the research on hippocampal place cells. We use an interconnected network of spiking neurons to model place cells as a cognitive graph. Stimulation of the place cell that represents the goal location causes activation of place cells through spike propagation on the network. We describe neural networks that could be used to decode this spiking activity to select the direction for movement. Two models of synaptic-dependent spike latency are compared and their influence on path planning is illustrated using examples implemented with a neuromorphic VLSI circuit.


Objective To improve management and information system of gynecology and obstetrics. Methods Based on situation analysis about gynecology and obstetrics of the Second People's Hospital of Hefei City, this paper defines relative database structure using technology of Foxpro Package including all statistics reports and data formation and an enough development space of the department is given. Results According to situation of gynecology and obstetrics, a small prototype of management and information system is developed.Conclusions It points out that "light system"is very important to construction and development of gynecology and obstetrics if the department is middle or small. Data plan and definition taken in the paper has a direction value to developing later for gynecology and obstetrics.


diplomacy and international conferences were rather successful in averting great power conflicts which had become too dangerous, too costly, and uncontrollable. After 1871 Europe entered a long, largely peaceful era. Whenever an international crisis occurred, statesmen and diplomats looked for peaceful solutions. According to Mulligan, the allimportant question, therefore, is why these mechanisms of international understanding and the balancing of interests failed in July 1914. Why, for instance, did the German chancellor Bethmann Hollweg reject Sir Edward Grey's offer to join forces in order to mediate between Austria-Hungary and Russia before it was too late? What went wrong in July 1914? Why was this crisis different from all the other crises before? Mulligan relies on the latest international research to support his arguments. Some of these new studies shed a different light on many aspects of the pre-war period and put into question several long-held assumptions of the debate on the origins of the First World War, such as the alleged short-war illusion of all parties in 1914. Mulligan concentrates on four long-term aspects: great powers and geopolitics; military, war, and international politics; public opinion and international relations; and world economy and international politics. In none of these fields Mulligan finds much evidence that war was inevitable. Statesmen feared general war, and therefore looked for peaceful solutions to international differences. Warlike generals, and there were certainly not few of them, did not have the power to determine foreign policy. In public opinion the majority did not support extremist warmongers. In a rapidly globalizing economy, industrialists and bankers regarded any major war as detrimental to business. But things began to change from 1911 onward. The arms race escalated. Radical nationalism gained ground. International crises and smaller wars with great significance, such as the Balkan Wars, accumulated. Tensions and mistrust increased. By July 1914 the atmosphere was poisoned. When the crisis began, several leading figures saw the vital interests of their countries in peril. Under these circumstances the mechanisms of international understanding broke down. As Mulligan puts it: 'None of the great powers wanted a general war in 1914, but they were all willing to risk it' (p. 231). This argument is not new and will cause controversy. Some will argue that the German chancellor and his foreign secretary were indeed ready to provoke a general war, and even deceived their own Kaiser to get their way. Mulligan is right: the vicious circle started in earnest in 1911. But why was that so? In order to answer this question it might perhaps be necessary to investigate the long-term developments in a less sanguine manner. Mulligan's warning, however, to avoid teleological interpretations should always be kept in mind. War was indeed not inevitable, but some people started it anyway.


To the Editor We read with interest the recently published study by Olier et al .1 Although the cohort of patients studied is impressively large, the study appears to be fundamentally flawed. First, antiplatelet therapy was not recorded for 27% …


The modification process of cellulosic fibers with low molecular weight and moderate nitrogen content of PECH-amine was studied. The doses of sodium hydroxide and PECH-amine for modifying cotton and the salt for dyeing modified cotton were discussed; It was found that the modified cellulosic fiber exhibited better dyeability than the one unmodified. The PECH-amine modified cellulosic fibers could be dyed to deeper shades, with less environment pollution, and the dyeing cost was lower.


Objective To investigate the changes in systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis and portopulmonary hypertension(PPH)during liver transplantation.Methods Eight patients with liver cirrhosis and PPH(5 male,3 female)aged 50-63 yr weighing 45-80 kg were included in PPH group. Another 8 liver-cirrhotic patients without PPH served as control group.The patients were premedicated with intramuscular phenobarbital 0.1 g and atropine 0.5 mg.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 3-5 mg,fentanyl 0.15-0.2 mg,propefol 1 mg·kg~(-1) and vecuronium 0.1 mg·kg~(-1) and maintained with 0.5%-3% isoflurane inhalation and intermittent Ⅳ boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium.The patients were mechanically ventilated after tracheal intubation.P_(ET)CO_2 was maintained at 30-45 mm Hg.Right subclavian vein was cannulated for fluid and drug administration and blood transfusion.Radial artery was cannulated for BP monitoring.Swan-Ganz catheter was placed via right internal jugular vein.BP,CVP,MPAP,PAWP,CI,PVRI and SVRI were monitored and recorded before operation(baseline),during preanhepatic phase,at 3 and 30 min of anhepatic phase and 3,7, 15,60 min of neohepatic phase and at the end of operation.Results(1)The two groups were comparable with respect to fluid balance,the amount of vasoactive drugs used during anhepatic and neohepatic phase,duration of anhepatic phase and operation.(2)MPAP and PVRI were significantly higher before operation in PPH group than in control group.(3)CI,MPAP, PAWP and CVP were siguificanfly decreased during anhepatic phase as compared to the baseline values(before operation)in both groups and then gradually returned to and even exceeded the baseline values during neohepatic phase.(4)During neohepatic phase PVRI in PPH group was significantly increased as compared to the baseline value and was significantly higher than that in control group.Conclusion MPAP and PVRI are significantly increased during neohepatic phase in patients with PPH and need to be treated.


The invention discloses a cutting fluid for aluminum and aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The cutting fluid is prepared from, by weight, transformer oil No. 10 15-50%, naphthenic base oil No.46 15-50%, hydrophilic non-ionic emulsifier 5-20%, chlorinated paraffin 5-15%, castor oil polyoxyethylene ether 2-8%, N,N-Dimorpholinomethane 1-4%, 2-benzo Isothiazolin-3-ketone 0.1-4%, fatty acid amine 2-8%, water-soluble extreme pressure anti-abrasion agent 4-10%, petroleum sulfonate 2-6%, phosphate ester 1-4%, aluminum corrosion inhibitor 0.5-1% and defoaming agent 0.01-0.5%. The cutting fluid has ideal defoaming and emulsification performance and good rust provention and corrosion resistance and can effectively avoid the problem of aluminum product surface black spots caused by incomplete cutting fluid emulsification in the aluminum and aluminum alloy machining process, and accordingly the aluminum product machining quality and machining efficiency are remarkably improved.


Background:
lifestyle modification is known as the cornerstone for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. To promote individual's lifestyle, the first step is to measure their lifestyle by a valid and reliable tool. The aim of present study was to evaluate psychometric properties of the Persian version of Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire (HLPCQ).

Method:
A crosssectional study carried out on 300 medical students in Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Data collected using a questionnaire contained demographic data and Persian version of HLPCQ. The reliability of the questionnaire determined using Cronbach's alpha and intra class correlation coefficient (ICC). The construct validity of the questionnaire evaluated by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 19 and Lisrel 8.8.

Results:
Internal consistency of HLPCQ was 0.78 using Cronbach's alpha and 0.80 by ICC. In confirmatory factor analysis, the scale had acceptable goodness of fit indices.

Conclusions:
The Persian version of HLPCQ had excellent psychometric properties and can be used in in primary health care settings.


The subcellular distribution of several isozymes of amino acid naphthylamidase was studied in HeLa cells by a combination of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and cell fractionation techniques. Lysos


Abstract This paper introduces the connection matrix as a generalization of the transmittance matrix approach used in signal flow-graph analysis. The connection matrix is shown to be a simple and computationally efficient way to describe composite systems formed from an interconnection of single-variable and multi-variable subsystems. The approach allows system descriptions in state-space form, transfer-function form, and system-matrix form, and allows the transmissions between arbitrarily nominated sets of inputs and outputs to be readily determined.


ABSTRACT 3D city models, which are important items of content on the virtual globe, are characterized by complicated structures and large amounts of data. These factors make the visualization of 3D city models highly dependent upon the performance of computer hardware. Thus, achieving the efficient rendering of 3D city models using different hardware performance levels represents one of the key problems currently facing researchers. This paper proposes a time-critical adaptive visualization method that first estimates the possible rendering time for each model according to the data structure of the model in addition to the CPU/GPU performance of the computer. It then dynamically adjusts the rendering level for each model based on the results of an estimation of the rendering time to ensure that the final scene can be completed within a given time. To verify the effectiveness and flexibility of this method, it is applied using different computers. The results show that the adaptive visualization method presented in this paper not only can adapt to computers with different levels of performances but also demonstrates an obvious improvement in the time estimation precision, visual effects, and optimization speed relative to existing adaptive visualization methods.


This article analyzes the nature, as well as internal and external factors of the formation of human autonomy as a basic prerequisite for achieving success in life. It is shown that the formation of personal autonomy requires only a set of interrelated characteristics as the subject of activity, and the social environment in which it operates. It is proved that in spite of the importance of the resource potential of the social environment, the basic premise of the formation of self-sufficiency and success in life is her personal individual activity based on internal resources.


The fabrication process and the optical properties of nanostructured silver (Ag) films made from silver oxide (AgOx) thin films have been studied in detail. The formation of Ag nanoparticles with a diameter of about 50 nm during the reduction of AgOx films was clearly demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The reflectance spectra of the nanostructured Ag films exhibited an intensive localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The transformation in the reflectance spectra with reduction time was in good agreement with computer simulations based on Mie theory. The composition ratio of AgOx films during the reduction was analysed by the Ag LIII edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements.


*1 Research Manager, Manufacturing Technology Research Department, Research & Innovation Center *2 Manufacturing Technology Research Department, Research & Innovation Center *3 Engineering Manager, Parts Manufacturing Department, Commercial Airplanes Division *4 Engineering Manager, Engineering & Design Division, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Compressor Corporation Derivation of Low-cost and High-speed Forming of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic


Research into the aspartic proteinases has had a rich and diverse history. It began with studies of the digestive juices of man and nepenthes using somewhat primitive technologies. It had a renaissance of biochemical characterisation, followed by a classical period when sequences were defined and catalytic activity identified. It is now very much under the influence of the structural school. Thus, in many ways its history parallels that of painting. And like painting it is now thoroughly commercialised, a mixed blessing which nevertheless keeps many of its practioners well above the breadline.


This study is about the limits of GTEM cell using correlation factor between the OATS(Open area Test Site) and the GTEM cell. First, the field strengths at the 10 m distance OATS and in GTEM cell to obtain the experimental correlation factor are measured. Also, the EMI limits of radiated power are derived in GTEM cell as 3 position method is inversely transformed. The field strengths that calculated from theoretical models by 3 and 15 position methods are programmed and compared with measured data at the OATS. As the EMI limits of GTEM cell is newly defined, it will be use to substitute GTEM cell for OATS to efficiently measure EMI(Electromagnetic Interference).


The net rate of 14CO2 uptake was determined on individual leaves of Rosa hybrida, cv. 'Forever Yours', budded on Rosa manetti and grown in gravel. Rose leaves were found to reach an average peak of 11 mg CO2 dm−2 hr−1 about 6 days after the red color disappeared on the leaf underside, or 32 days after harvesting the previous flower on the parent cane. Thereafter, CO2 uptake declined during 14 days to 5 to 6 mg CO2 dm−2 hr−1. At ambient CO2 concentrations of 500 ppm, the maximum net uptake was near 3400 ft-c. However, internal plant water potential influenced the CO2 uptake by reducing it at each increase of radiant energy. This resulted in light saturation at lower energies the lower the plant water potential. Radiant energy affected both net CO2 uptake and water potential. Wilting was generally observed to occur at about –13 bars, and maximum rates of CO2 uptake were found at potentials of –8 bars or higher, over a range of 350 to 450 microeinsteins, or 3000 to 3500 ft-c.


The first successful synthesis and characterization of intramolecular N-strapped porphyrins and the separation of a set of enantiomers are described.


Climate change heavily impacts smallholder farming worldwide. Cross-scale vulnerability assessment has a high potential to identify nested measures for reducing vulnerability of smallholder farmers. Despite their high practical value, there are currently only limited examples of cross-scale assessments. The presented study aims at assessing the vulnerability of smallholder farmers in the Northeast of Brazil across three scales: regional, farm and field scale. In doing so, it builds on existing vulnerability indices and compares results between indices at the same scale and across scales. In total, six independent indices are tested, two at each scale. The calculated indices include social, economic and ecological indicators, based on municipal statistics, meteorological data, farm interviews and soil analyses. Subsequently, indices and overlapping indicators are normalized for intra- and cross-scale comparison. The results show considerable differences between indices across and within scales. They indicate different activities to reduce vulnerability of smallholder farmers. Major shortcomings arise from the conceptual differences between the indices. We therefore recommend the development of hierarchical indices, which are adapted to local conditions and contain more overlapping indicators for a better understanding of the nested vulnerabilities of smallholder farmers.


Address for Correspondence: Prof. Dr. Ayşegül Durak Batıgün, Ankara University, Department of Psychology, 06100 Sıhhiye/Ankara E-mail: email@example.com The interaction between media characters and viewers was first defined in 1956 by Horton and Wohl as ''parasocial interaction''. The term refers to the oneway symbolic relationship between viewers and media characters. It generally occurs between the viewer and his favorite character (Cohen, 1999). Parasocial interaction involves cognitive and behavioral participation, too. Thinking about serial characters and events, going through what is heard and seen, trying to guess what will happen next are examples of cognitive participation, while discussing serial characters, events and what will happen next with other people is known as behavioral participation (Rubin & Perse, 1987). On the other hand, the end of the parasocial relationship between viewers and media characters when the program ends or their favorite character leaves is known as "parasocial separation''. Even though the end of a parasocial relationship is not as saddening as the end of a relationship with a close friend, it still causes considerable sorrow for viewers (Cohen 2003, 2004; Eyal & Cohen, 2006). It is well-known that TV serials are particularly popular with women. In a study conducted with female participants (Segrin & Nabi, 2002), it was found that women who spend most of their free time watching soap operas or romantic films think more about relationships and marriage. In addition, studies that examined the effects of soaps and love films on romantic relationships or marriage (Jones & Nelson, 1996; Illouz, 1998) emphasize that parasocial interaction established with the characters in TV serials increase individuals' expectations from marriage and cause them to develop idealistic beliefs about romantic relationships. This study aims to examine the relationship between parasocial interaction and marriage satisfaction and psychological symptoms in Turkish culture where traditional and modern values and attitudes coexist by obtaining data about women's TV serial viewing rates. Additionally, the study also focuses on the relationships between parasocial interaction and demographic variables such as age, education and socio-economic status (SES).


In this paper, we study the time damping of magnetoacoustic waves when the adiabaticity assumption is removed by means of an energy equation which includes optically thin radiative losses, thermal conduction and heating. For the sake of simplicity, this study has been done for a homogeneous, isothermal and unbounded medium permeated by a uniform magnetic field, with physical properties akin to those of the corona, the prominence-corona transition region (PCTR) and prominences. In some PCTR regimes and in the coronal regime wave instabilities appear, which prevents the computation of the damping time and the damping per period for part of the wavenumber interval considered. Furthermore, except for one of the PCTR regimes, in the rest of the regimes the apparition of those instabilities depends on the heating mechanism considered. Also, for the same heating mechanism, the behaviour of the damping time for the different considered regimes changes significantly when going from very small to very large wavenumbers and, in all the regimes, it becomes almost constant for very large wavenumbers.


Palaeontology has gone from strength to strength in recent years. The astonishing – and astonishingly well-preserved – caches of fossils that have come to light are providing remarkable new insights into the course of evolution, while reconstruction of the Earth's past climate – a crucial context and prerequisite to understanding present climate – is underpinned and constrained by fossil evidence. This kind of work, however, depends utterly on maintaining and improving the systematic knowledge of 'normal' fossil assemblages: and this kind of work, being time-consuming and unlikely to attract headlines (or large grants), is increasingly hard to do in these demanding and impatient times. Hence …


The utility model relates to a liquid crystal display panel with the function of easy assembly. The utility model comprises a liquid crystal display surface, two embedding bars, and a casing. The utility model is characterized in that a fixed surface and a slipping connection surface are respectively arranged on the two embedding bars, the fixed surface is fixed on the liquid crystal display surface, an accommodating space is arranged in the casing to accommodate the liquid crystal display surface with the embedding bars, embedding sections are respectively arranged at both sides of the casing, the slipping surface of the embedding section and the embedding section are sheathed together, and when the liquid crystal display surface slides towards one end of the casing, the slipping surface is embedded with the embedding section. The utility model is used for a computer.


This article is intended to reveal the importance of character building of children through the development of religious and moral values  in early childhood in RA Masyithoh Pabelan Semarang regency, the factors that influence the character building, the process of the development of moral and religious values, behavioral changes, and its implementation in the system for early childhood learning. The results showed that the learning that emphasizes hands-on learning and do as habituation, very influential in improving the development of religious and moral values early childhood in RA (Kindergarten) Masyithoh Pabelan Semarang District .