The dynamic kurtosis (i.e., produced by the free wave component) is shown to contribute essentially to the abnormally large values of the full kurtosis of the surface displacement, according to the direct numerical simulations of realistic directional sea waves within the HOSM framework. In this situation the free wave stochastic dynamics is strongly non-Gaussian, and the kinetic approach is inapplicable. Traces of coherent wave patterns are found in the Fourier transform of the directional irregular sea waves. They strongly violate the classic dispersion relation and hence lead to a greater spread of the actual wave frequencies for given wavenumbers.

The research by is supported by the RSF grant No. 16-17-00041.

Slunyaev, A. Kokorina, The method of spectral decomposition into free and bound wave components. Numerical simulations of the 3D sea wave states. Geophysical Research Abstracts, V. 21, EGU2019-546 (2019).

A.V. Slunyaev, A.V. Kokorina, Spectral decomposition of simulated sea waves into free and bound wave components. Proc. VII Int. Conf. “Frontiers of Nonlinear Physics”, 189-190 (2019).

Slunyaev, A. Kokorina, I. Didenkulova, Statistics of free and bound components of deep-water waves. Proc. 14th Int. MEDCOAST Congress on Coastal and Marine Sciences, Engineering, Management and Conservation (Ed. E. Ozhan), Vol. 2, 775-786 (2019).

Slunyaev, Strongly coherent dynamics of stochastic waves causes abnormal sea states. arXiv: 1911.11532 (2019).


Objective:To investigate the advantage of extraperitoneal cesarean by two fingers separation from upper and side of bladder.Methods:A total of 210 pregnant women who had indications underwent for extraperitoneal cesarean section for recent 8 years,and 210 pregnant women underwent for traditional lower uterine segmental cesarean section at the same period.The effect of operation,postoperative complications and postoperative recovery of the two groups were compared.Results:As compared with the intraperitoneaI cesarean section group,the extraperitoneal cesarean group had a much shorter time of operation(P0.05),a shorter postoperative recovery of stomach intestine(P0.05),but no significant difference was found in the duration of getting the fetus head out,the amount of blood loss and the Apgar scores of the newborns(P0.05).Conclusion:Extraperitoneal cesarean section by two fingers separation from upper and side of bladder is a safe,fast and good postoperative recovery operation.


The particle motion equation is reduced to the generalized pendulum equation with both a dampping and a force terms in the classical mechanics frame based on the bistable state effect of the superlattice quantum well.The Melnikov function of the hetromonic orbit is constructed by Melnikov method.The chaotic behaviours with the Smale horseshoe are analysed under the simple zero condition of Melnikov function,and the critical condition is found.It shows that the critical condition for entering a chaotic state is related to the parameters of the system,so the chaos can be avoided or controlled in principle only by suitable regulating the parameters,providing a theoretical analysis for the design of optical biastable devices.


Objective: To examine the effectiveness of Uiin-san (薏苡仁散) as a treatment for viral warts. Methods: A 24-year-old man with warts on the left toe, both fingertips, and face was treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, and Uiin-san for 35 days. Results: After treatment, the viral warts had essentially disappeared. Conclusions: We suggest that viral warts can be treated with Uiin-san.


An acute understanding of how learners behave within educational games is crucial to building personalized learning games. Although most traditional instruments are designed to measure one's intrinsic characteristic such as motivation, they may not indicate how the learner will play a specific game. In this paper, we present a study in which we use a combination of traditional instrument and gameplay data to track how learners behave in a small-scale learning game called Solving the Incognitum. Our main contribution is that this study is among the first to provide empirical evidence that learners change their play styles within the same gameplay session.


Abstract Information on the distribution and abundance of the forest elephant Loxodonta cyclotis is needed to allocate limited resources appropriately and set conservation goals for the species. However, monitoring at large scales in forest habitats is complicated, expensive and time consuming. We investigated the potential of applying interview-based occupancy analysis as a tool for the rapid assessment of the distribution and relative abundance of forest elephants in eastern Cameroon. Using single-season occupancy models, we explored the covariates that affect forest elephant occupancy and detectability, and identified spatial and temporal patterns in population change and occupancy. Quantitative and qualitative socio-demographic data offer additional depth and understanding, placing the occupancy analysis in context and providing valuable information to guide conservation action. Detectability of forest elephants has decreased since 2008, which is consistent with the decline in perceived abundance in occupied sites. Forest elephants occupy areas outside protected areas and outside the known elephant range defined by IUCN. Critical conservation attention is required to assess forest elephant populations and the threats they face in these poorly understood areas. Interview-based occupancy analysis is a reliable and suitable method for a rapid assessment of forest elephant occupancy on a large scale, as a complement to, or the first stage in, a monitoring process.


Abstract Disparities in the protonated carbon NMR chemical shift assignments of the polynuclear aromatic molecule, fluoranthene, have been noted. Using two-dimensional 13C- 13C double quantum coherence, the 13C-NMR chemical shift assignments were reinvestigated and a set of unequivocal assignments obtained.


Changes in composition of both total aerobes and anaerobes of rat intestinal microflora do not appear to affect the metabolism of taurolithocholic acid.


This book is a collection of fifteen essays that deal with issues at the intersection of phenomenology, logic, and the philosophy of mathematics. The first of the three parts, "Reason, Science, and Mathematics," contains a general essay on Husserl's conception of science and logic, an essay on mathematics and transcendental phenomenology, and an essay on phenomenology and modern pure geometry. Part II is focused on Kurt Gödel's interest in phenomenology. It explores Gödel's ideas and also some work of Quine, Penelope Maddy, and Roger Penrose. Part III deals with elementary, constructive areas of mathematics – areas of mathematics that are closer to their origins in simple cognitive activities and in everyday experience. This part of the book contains essays on intuitionism, Hermann Weyl, the notion of constructive proof, Poincaré, and Frege.


The middle Quitman Formation is composed of 95-195 m (310-640 ft) of interbedded shale, sandstone, and limestone in the southern Quitman Mountains and Hueco Bolson, Hudspeth County, Texas. The lower and upper members consist of interbedded sandstone/limestone and thin to thick-bedded carbonate strata, respectively. The Quitman Formation was deposited along the eastern slope of the Chihuahua trough during the late Aptian and early Albian. The formation is interpreted as the oldest transgressive phase of 4 transgressive-regressive cycles that occur throughout the Lower Cretaceous within the Chihuahua trough. Eight major facies representing nearshore to offshore environments of the middle Quitman Formation are listed below. They are: (1) nodular, sandy, peloidal to skeletal wackestone (lagoonal, basinal); (2) nodular, sandy, peloidal to skeletal packstone (lagoonal, basinal); (3) laminated to cross-bedded sandy ooid to skeletal packstone and grainstone (upper shoreface, storm); (4) laminated to cross-bedded sandstone/siltstone (upper shoreface, storm); (5) massive sandstone/siltstone (lower shoreface, lagoonal); (6) Exogyra biostromes (offshore-lower shoreface transition); (7) sandy, bioclastic, marly silt-shale (offshore-lower shoreface transition); (8) mudstone (offshore, lagoonal). Vertical and lateral relations of strata within the middle member have shown several transgressive and regressive cycles. The more applicable terms of progradation and aggradation describe the lateral and vertical buildup of terrigenous and carbonate clastic rocks within the upper half of the middle member in the southern Quitman Mountains. These sequences are not present at the section west of the southern Quitmans. End_of_Article - Last_Page 476------------


Objective: To investigate the effects of NIPPV on respiratory failure caused by IPF. Methods: Twenty-five cases were reviewed and analyzed, in which 25 patients were studied regarding the effects of NIPPV on respiratory failure caused by IPF. Study and comparison were done with respect to the clinical symptoms, quality of life, alteration of arterial blood gas analysis and adverse effects. Results: Out of 25 patients clinical symptoms and blood gases were significantly improved in 21 patients, PaO 2, SaO 2 were enhanced and PaCO 2 regression after NIPPV 2 hours. (P0.001?0.001?0.013). The remission rate of NIPPV was 84%. The quality of life was improved in 11 patients. The bloating and the dehydration of oropharynx were main side effect. Conclusion: The NIPPV is effective in aspects of improve of hypoxia, quality of life, lengthening of survival time and the technique has less side effects and is convenient for application although there is no means and techniques for cure of the disease.


We have studied distinctive features of magnetic field distributions induced by vortices in thin films of anisotropic superconductors for an arbitrary orientation of external tilted magnetic fields. The magnetic field profiles are found to be strongly modified for rather small film thickness and large field tilting angle. The single-vortex field profile reveals two maxima instead of one peak observed in relatively thick films or in the films placed in magnetic fields perpendicular to the film plane. Our calculations are based on the study of the energetically favorable shape of an isolated vortex line in the presence of the inhomogeneous supercurrents which screen the field component parallel to the film plane. Starting from the London theory with anisotropic mass tensor we justify the elastic string approximation for the vortex lineshape affected by the screening currents. The exotic magnetic field profiles typical for curved vortices can be observed by modern vortex imaging techniques.


The article seeks to position the first ever, French "Mad Pride" march, which took place in Paris in June 2014, in relation to the history of the wider, international, and predominantly Anglophone, Mad Pride movement, which began in Toronto in 1993. It seeks to understand why Mad Pride took so long to arrive in France, why it arrived when it did, and the influence of the Anglophone movement on it. It also explores the differing historical context and philosophical and political values that have made it specifically French. To this end, the article traces the recent history of France's changing attitudes towards mental health issues, and notably their inclusion within the 2005 disability law. It examines the difficulties of simply including mental health issues within a social model of disability, and compares the movement, in France, towards a social model specific to mental distress, with movements in the UK and the USA. Finally, it returns to a consideration of the place of Mad Pride within the emerging French movement.


Introduction. The article deals with the earliest years of the young Kalmyk Viceroy Ubashi's reign. Goals. The paper attempts an analysis of the Dondukovs' arrival in Kalmyk Steppe during the mentioned period. Results. In 1762, Empress Catherine II granted Princess Vera Dondukova and her family a permission to move back to their uluses (estates). But the January 1763 return of Vera Dondukova and her son Alexey destabilized the political situation in Kalmyk Khanate, which resulted from immediate rumors suggesting a soon handover of power to the former to be followed by changes in the ulus system proper. Many would recall how Noyon Donduk-Ombo had led the bulk of the Volga Kalmyks to Kuban somewhat thirty years before, and in those circumstances the imperial government had been forced to forgive him and formalize his actual position as Kalmyk ruler. In fact, the Khanate was facing another wave of feuds. This time the Russian government chose to identify problems before they arose, and sought — with entreaties and threats — to normalize the situation in Kalmyk uluses. This historical fact attests to that the 18th century was witnessing gradual changes in methods of imperial nationalities policies employed.


SECTION I: APPROACHES TO THE PATIENT. The Doctor-Patient Relationship. Introduction to Medical Interviewing. SECTION II: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT. Psychological Theories of Human Development and Behaviour. Gender and Sexual Issues in the Practice of Medicine. SECTION III: SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHIATRY. Introduction. Neurobiology of Behaviour and Psychiatric Disorders. Behavioural Genetics. Psychiatric Epidemiology. Neurobiology of Sleep.Cognitive Neuroscience: Learning and Memory. Psychobiology of Trauma. SECTION IV: EVALUATING PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS. The Assessment of the Psychiatric Patient. SECTION V: ADULT PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS. The Psychiatric Disorders. SECTION VI: THE TREATMENT OF THE PSYCHIATRIC PATIENT. Therapies. A: Psychotherapies. B: Biological/Somatic Therapies. SECTION VII: SPECIAL CLINICAL SETTINGS AND PROBLEMS. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Childhood and Adolescent Disorders. Geriatric Psychiatry. Psychiatric Aspects of HIV. Behavioural Medicine. Psychiatric Emergencies.


This is a study of 42 patients with primary or secondary cancer of the lung that were treated with radio-active isotopes bronchoscopically. No attempt is made to claim that this is a primary method of treatment in the majority of cases but a review of this material shows that there are certain inherent values in such treatment as an adjuvant method to the surgical and more usually employed radiotherapeutic methods available to us. There 42 patients have been treated since 1946 except for one instance treated 10 years earlier.


Introduction: Hepatitis A is caused by a virus of the family Picornaviridae, of the genus Hepatovirus. It is a fecal-oral disease that can cause jaundice, nausea, abdominal pain, fever, dark urine, among other symptoms. In Portugal the vaccine is not part of the National Vaccination System, however it is advised to all individuals who travel to endemic areas. Currently the endemicity of a region is classified when 50% of a population, of a specific age group, has immunity against HAV. Objectives: To understand the epidemiological situation of Hepatitis A in Portugal and to compare it with the rest of the world. Methods: Two selection moments were created with the aid of four inclusion criteria. A total of 16 studies were selected for this systematic review. Discussion/Conclusion: Africa and Latin America present intermediate to very high endemicities, North America low endemicity, Asia low to very high endemicities, Australia low to high endemicities, Europe low to intermediate endemicities and Portugal low endemicity. As expected, richer regions have lower endemicities. There is an improvement in the living conditions of the general population, leading to the poorer regions presenting some countries with intermediate endemicities, thus pointing to a positive evolution against the Hepatitis A virus. The best strategy to improve this evolution is through vaccination.


We study integrated and differential rates for the production of charged Higgs bosons H{sup {plus_minus}} of the minimal supersymmetric standard model via b-quark-initiated subprocesses in pp collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. In detail, we compute cross sections and distributions of the reactions bU{r_arrow}bDH{sup +}{r_arrow}bD{tau}{sup +}{nu}{sub {tau}}{circle_plus}c.c. and bU{r_arrow}bDH{sup +}{r_arrow}bDt{bar b}{r_arrow}bDb{bar b}jj{circle_plus}c.c., for a H{sup {plus_minus}} scalar in the intermediate (i.e., M{sup {plus_minus}}{lt}m{sub t}+m{sub b}) and heavy (i.e., M{sup {plus_minus}}{gt}m{sub t}+m{sub b}) mass range, respectively (U and D represent generic u- and d-type light quarks). In the former case, charged Higgs boson masses up to about 145 GeV can be covered for both large and small tan{beta}{close_quote}s. In the latter case, charged scalars can be detected for values of M{sub H{sup {plus_minus}}} up to about 500 GeV, especially if tan{beta} is large, and provided that either excellent b-tagging performances can be achieved or the high luminosity option becomes available. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Harrogate Water Brands is the independent owner of top-five bottled water brand, Harrogate Spring Water and water charity Thirsty Planet. With support ...


The inflatable double condom relates to medical goods. Two variant embodiments of said condom are proposed. In accordance with the first variant, said condom comprises two condoms, one of which is an outer condom having thickened walls and the other is an inner condom which is inserted into the first. In order to produce a contour with a closed space, the proximal ends of both condoms are coiled to form one common collar. In accordance with the second variant, the double condom is elongate with the form of two condoms connected to one another at proximal ends, wherein the distal end of the inner condom, which distal end is threaded inside the outer condom, is open, with a stopper being used to close it. The common feature to both variants is the provision, in the distal end of the outer condom, of an integral thin membrane with an opening at the centre, said membrane being formed integrally with the walls of the cylindrical part of the outer condom. Said membrane produces a head, with a distal chamber being formed inside said head, the distal end of the inner condom being threaded into said distal chamber, and being held there by virtue of the membrane. Air is fed into the gap formed between the two condoms via the valve in the outer condom. Furthermore, the inner condom starts to shrink towards the centre along the axial line, squeezing the penis along its length, thereby ensuring that the entire article is held reliably on the penis without the aid of a ring.


We prove that if an operator A is a finite sum of finite products of Toeplitz operators on the Bergman space of the unit ball Bn, then A is compact if and only if its Berezin transform vanishes at the boundary. For n = 1 the result was obtained by Axler and Zheng in 1997.


The temperature dependence of the static spin susceptibility, χ, and NMR relaxation rate, T 1 -1 , of S =1/2 Heisenberg two-leg ladder systems have been studied based on the Majorana fermion representation of the S =1/2 Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian introduced by Shelton, Nersesyan and Tsvelik (Phys. Rev. B 53 (1996) 8521). It is shown that in the case of SrCu 2 O 3 , we can fit the experimental data of χ and T 1 -1 in terms of the massive Majorana fermion excitation with mass m =440 K to resolve the apparent discrepancy of the spin gap activation energies between χ and T 1 -1 .


The detection of water leakage along its transportation network has important societal impacts, such as avoiding a large volume of water wasted along the waterways or preventing water-related chemical or physical surrounding media deterioration. Among the vast domain of destructive techniques, Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a common and efficient tool used for detection in many near-surface contexts, and it is particularly efficient in civil engineering cases, such as utility detection, due to its fine resolution and the ease of data acquisition. A peculiar form of signal enhancement appears in GPR profiles recorded over spheres and cylinders where velocity contrasts exist between the body's material and the surrounding medium. We used this enhancement to detect potential water leakages in water pipes. After exhibiting the signal enhancement effect in a laboratory sandbox experiment using a spherical glass ball, we verified the results with numerical experiments with varied sphere and cylinder sizes and dielectric properties. We then investigated field and numerical experiments of GPR transects above a "real life" water-leaking PVC pipe. Our results show that the water cylinder and water infiltration bulb produced a characteristic signal that could be used for detecting water leakages along water pipes. The largest amplitude in the GPR signal is caused by a bottom pipe reflection enhanced by the water bulb and not by the top of the pipe. We stress the risk of miscalculating the pipe's depth during velocity estimation when amplitude enhancement conditions are met. Beyond civil-engineering impacts, knowledge on signal amplification phenomena can help GPR data interpretations in sedimentology and hydrogeology studies.


Background. Undernutrition is one of the most widespread public health problems that affect both developed and developing countries. In Ethiopia, it is one of the factors leading to unacceptable high morbidity and mortality among women. However, little is documented on undernutrition among lactating women particularly in such a purely pastoral community. Therefore, this study was designed to assess prevalence of undernutrition and its associated factors among lactating women living in pastoral community of Moyale District, Borena Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from a random sampled 545 lactating women using structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Height and weight measurements of the study participants were also taken to compute body mass index. Data were entered in to Epi info version 7 and then exported to SPSS version 21 software for analysis. Descriptive statistics like frequency, mean, and percentage were computed to describe characteristics of the sample. Multivariable analysis was carried out, association between independent and dependent variables were measured using adjusted odds ratios, and its 95% confidence interval and P value below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results. This study showed that prevalence of undernutrition among lactating women was 17.7%. Dietary diversity (AOR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.43–4.36), monthly income (AOR = 5.22, 95% CI: 1.40–19.40), extra meal taking (AOR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.43–5.29, delivery place (AOR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.24–5.65), and household food insecurity (AOR = 6.57, 95% CI: 3.50–12.34) were independent variables showing statistically significant association with undernutrition of lactating women. Conclusion and recommendations. The study revealed that magnitude of undernutrition among lactating women was high. Dietary diversity, monthly income, extra meal, delivery place, and household food insecurity were found to be predictor of undernutrition. Finally, we recommend that governmental and nongovernmental organizations should organize timely interventions targeting lactating women.


Among the various paths taken by the historical and anthropological analysis of the body, the shift from interest in the semiotic to questioning the possibilities of analysis of "experience" has been of great relevance. This article points out the importance, as well as the difficulties, of asking for the study of body experience from historical and cultural research. Its objective is to approach the study of body experience from historical research, through the analysis of one of the most important characters of the Dominican carnival, the "Diablo Cojuelo". This article is the product of an investigation carried out during 2019 in the popular neighborhoods of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, developed using the ethnographic method. At the end it is concluded that carnival is a permissive space where the body breaks its limits, inventing new figures and forms that are historically configured. It is proposed that there is increasing attention to the face as well as the transition from the auditory suit to the suit focused on the gaze of the viewer that will emerge once the character takes the Malecon as a new setting and goes as a walk before the gaze of the jury And the media


PURPOSE: A clean cup lid is provided to rapidly cool down the heat of the liquid in a cup by automatically opening the lid when a user only catches a handle of the cup. CONSTITUTION: The clean cup lid includes: a cup body; a lid(20) in which a gear connected on the top of the cup body is built in; and a switch(30) for transferring the gear equipped in the lid when the user catches the cup. When the cup lid is automatically opened, the natural wind is created while a tiered structure for creating the wind is entered to an inside by the gear mechanism(40) for moving the structure.


AbstractThe primary aim of this research is to define smart construction objects (SCOs), the fundamental building blocks of future construction. SCOs are construction resources (e.g., machinery, device, and materials) that are made smart by augmenting them with technologies conferring autonomy, awareness, and the ability to interact with their vicinity. This smartness can enable better decision making in construction. Understanding of SCOs, however, is still in its infancy. Informed by theories on ubiquitous computing and general smart objects, this paper first defines the panoramic and interconnected properties that differentiate SCOs from conventional construction objects. Second, representative scenarios of the use of SCOs are given to illustrate the new workflow with enhanced smartness in the future. Next, using prefabrication construction as an example, this paper further elaborates SCOs using Industry Foundation Classes Extensible Markup Language and exploring their software/hardware representations...


Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity is the leading cause of preventable blindness in premature infants. Our study aims at nding the Incidence and severity of Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and its association with various risk factors like low gestational age, low birth weight, oxygen exposure, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, blood transfusion and intraventricular hemorrhage. This is a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary ca Methods: re teaching hospital in Western Maharashtra. Patient data including systemic and ocular ndings were documented. Incidence and severity of ROP was calculated and the association of various risk factors with ROP was calculated using Chi-square test. Among the 266 babies i Results: ncluded in study, the Incidence of ROP was found to be 13.50% and Type I disease was found in 1.31%. The mean birth weight of neonates with ROP was 1230.2 ± 479.5 g and the mean gestational age was 30.27 ± 2.87 weeks. Development of ROP was signicantly associated with low gestational age (GA), low birth weight (BW) and Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). Early screening of preterm babies is crucial Conclusion: for early diagnosis and treatment of ROP to prevent its sight threatening complications


This paper presents a land cover data infrastructure that integrates multiple data sources, analytical methods and land-cover data products to support basic and applied research on land-cover dynamics. The infrastructure is appropriate for description, management, analysis and modeling of land-cover change dynamics. The infrastructure design produces an integrated suite of databases and toolboxes that support the entire processing stream. The data needs of the applications of land-cover data are the primary focus rather than the representation of a cartographic land-cover product. The infrastructure integrates diverse data sources, including imagery, field data and existing land-cover maps with data processing operations; the goal is to provide data for modeling and analysis of land-cover dynamics relevant to application needs of different users. This infrastructure has been implemented using digital orthophotographs, Landsat images and a comprehensive geographic information system database.


A case of Rift Valley fever following an accidental laboratory infection, and believed to be the first instance of the disease in the Western hemisphere, is reported. Although the course of illness was otherwise quite typical, it was complicated by thrombophlebitis—a condition not previously described in association with this disease in man. Death was caused by a pulmonary embolus.


SUMMARY. The growth in length and weight (wet and dry) of 0+ perch Perca fluviatilis during their first summer of life in Windermere, has been investigated. Two major stanzas, occurring during and after metamorphosis, characterize the growth of 0+ perch in Windermere. The change from one stanza to another takes place between six and eight weeks after hatching. The exponential rate of growth in length was 0.26 and 0.27 mm mm−1 week−1 for the first stanzas of 1975 and 1976, respectively, and decreased to about 0.08 and 0.07 mm mm−1 week−1 for the second stanzas of the same years. Similarly, the growth in both wet and dry weights decreased from the first to the second stanza. Growth of 0+ perch was found to be logistic, and could not be described by the von Bertalanffy growth curve. The relationship between weight and length was allometric and the power values for length were, for wet weight: 4.154 (in 1975) and 4.033 (in 1976) for the first stanza and 2.400 (in 1975) and 2.734 (in 1976) for the second stanza; for dry weight: 3.988 (1975) and 3.971 (1976) for the first stanza and 3.066 (1975) and 2.651 (1976) for the second stanza. Half of the total growth was completed in 47% (1975) and 40% (1976) of the total growth period to the end of the summer.


PurposeIn light of evidence of low levels of maintenance of public buildings, this paper aims to investigate trends and determinants of public building conditions in Norwegian local governments.Design/methodology/approachThe authors consider data from surveys and public records in regression analyses.FindingsOn average, the condition of Norwegian local public facilities has improved slightly in the period 2004-2016. The survey data suggest substantial fluctuations in building conditions and a negative relationship between building conditions in 2004 and 2016. Local governments with poor building conditions in 2004 had higher investment in the following years. The authors find no systematic relationship between the conditions in 2004 and maintenance expenditures in subsequent years. They conclude that if maintenance levels are too low, the results suggest that investment levels are too high. Further, they find that both political and fiscal factors are important in explaining building conditions.Originality/valueThe authors provide insight into determinants and trends of building conditions in Norwegian local governments. The results hint at an unhealthy balance between maintenance spending and public investments.


Purpose – This study aims to add to the existing body of knowledge the link between market structures, strategy and innovation by applying the diagnostic test of the integrated model of innovation, and also present the results of an empirical study applied to tourism in a small open economy. The study uses an archetype and the market outcome resulting from the innovation strategies pursued to compare similarities and differences according to a firms' geographical location to identify innovative patterns in tourism firms. Design/methodology/approach – The study applies a multivariate analysis using a data set consisting of survey responses from 158 Portuguese firms. Findings – The findings indicate links between service, market structures and innovation strategies considering geographical agglomeration of firms in a small economy, and also different innovation trajectories and positions in the model. Research limitations/implications – The results of this study are generalizable to a dynamic industry conte...


We report monolithic, tunable 1550-nm HCG-VCSELs with 16.5 nm continuous mechanical tuning. 7.5 GHz -3dB bandwidth, room-temperature CW power >;3.3 mW, 80 Gbps QPSK and 40-Gbps DPSK fiber transmission under external modulation are demonstrated.


Here we propose that the excess flux of particle events of energy near 1018 eV from the direction of the Galactic center region is due to the production of cosmic rays by the last few gamma-ray bursts in our Galaxy. The basic idea is that protons get accelerated inside gamma-ray bursts, then get ejected as neutrons, decay and so turn back into protons, meander around the inner Galaxy for some time, and then interact again, turning back to neutrons to be observed at our distance from the Galactic center region, where most star formation is happening in our Galaxy. We demonstrate that this suggestion leads to a successful interpretation of the data, within the uncertainties of cosmic-ray transport timescales in the inner Galaxy, and in conjunction with many arguments in the literature.


In fisheries stock assessment, the amount of information available from a specific stock is often limited, and the resources to gather new data can be insufficient. This is especially the case when management advice is required for by-catch species which are not always well monitored. However, information is often available from other stocks of the same or closely related species. Also, potential correlations between the life history parameters may contain information which is not usually taken into account in stock assessments. Utilizing all available information can be a cost-efficient way to diminish the amount of uncertainty about key parameters for a case with limited data or when constructing an informative prior for a new case study. In hierarchical modeling, different hierarchical levels can be used to connect closely related and more distant stocks. For example, a lower level of hierarchy can link the stocks within the same species, and a higher level, stocks of related species. We use length-weight and length-fecundity datasets from the FishBase database. Using these datasets, we demonstrate how Bayesian hierarchical correla- tion analysis can improve understanding of fecundity and formalize available knowledge about length-weight and length-fecundity relationships in terms of informative priors for future analysis.


Purpose – This paper explores the use of blogs as a platform for providing reference service, and discusses Lyceum, an open source software project from ibiblio.org, for this purpose.Design/methodology/approach – The following topics are explored: the evolution of libraries' uses of blogs, the advantages of conducting the reference transaction as a collaborative effort, and the use of blogs as an environment that fosters collaboration. The argument is made that blogs may be used to good effect in reference servicesFindings – It is argued that blogs may be used to good effect in reference services. Lyceum, an open source blogosphere application, is discussed as an environment for blog‐based reference service.Originality/value – To date, blogs are not being used by a library reference services, and by few online reference service unaffiliated with libraries. This paper will be useful to libraries and other reference services interested in conducting the reference transaction as a community effort.


Objective To study the effectiveness of selective sciatic neurotomy for relief of spasticity focalized to the knees in children with cerebral palsy. Methods 60 legs of 42 patients with knee spasticity were treated by microsurgical selective sciatic neurotomy. Results According to follow up evaluation ( mean duration=20months) . it was showed that 100% cases experienced disappearance or notable regression of the spasticity right affer operation, and the improvement percentage at follow-up was 90%. The improved motor capacities right affer operation were found in 100% cases, while 93% at follow-up. 100% cases had better quality of life by follow-up studying. Post-operative complications were few, including dysaesthesias of leg in 6 cases and muscle weakness in 8 cases. Conclusions Selective sciatic neurotomy is an effective and safe microsurgical procedure for the treatment of knee spasticity in children with cerebral palsy.


As one of the abundant renewable natural resources second only to cellulose, starch is readily available and inexpensive. It also can be degraded easily and turned into useful derivative by biochemical method. Many countries pay great attention to exploitthe starch resources for a long time. Especially many investigators and manufacturers have done works on natural starch denaturalization which is becoming the hot spotted with physical, chemical and biological methods. In this paper, the modified starch processes based on physical methods (hydrothermal, microwave, ionizing radiation, ultrasound, ball milling, extrusion etc) were summarized. The acting mechanism, preparations, properties and structure changes of physically-modified starch were reviewed. The long-term potential development of physic-modified starch was prospected.


Interannual variability of high-level cloudiness (HC) is examined using global outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). Variations of HC are analyzed versus a measure of global stratospheric aerosol amount and an El Nino index. Volcanic aerosols are apparently associated with widespread increases of up to 10% in an OLR-based HC index. The most significant effects occurred in middle latitudes and persisted for several years after major eruptions. El Nino is found to be associated with decreased cloud activity in the subtropics. This study suggests that volcanic aerosols can significantly modify global cloudiness, and that stratospheric aerosol loading can be an important variable controlling the interannual variations of high level clouds and climate.


Hierarchical chemical structures that incorporate some of the complexity typical of biological assemblies now exist and are being developed for use as highly selective catalysts, sensors, and ion- and drug-transport materials. Generally, such synthetic systems are based on supramolecular structures, for which it is possible to design step-by-step reactions that progressively lead to complex architectures of discrete molecular components. [1] In contrast, the stepwise synthesis of analogous extended (nonmolecular) networks is not feasible, because the intermediates are insoluble. Herein, we present the synthesis of MOF-500, a new metal–organic framework (MOF), to illustrate how a "one-pot" reaction can yield a crystalline solid with four distinct levels of complexity (defined by structural elements of increasing size, with distinct compositions, structures, and pores). Prior knowledge of reaction conditions that yield the porous tetrahedral level-3 building blocks of MOF-500 (Figure 1) obviates the need for a multistep synthesis. [2] We highlight the remarkable similarities between the structure of the extended network MOF-500 and that of its molecular building blocks (IRMOP-51). Furthermore, we demonstrate that a concomitant fourfold increase in gas uptake and surface area occurs on going from the crystals of the molecular building blocks IRMOP-51 to those of the extended network MOF-500. Figure 1 outlines the conceptual and practical aspects of


The era of genomic medicine, anticipated since the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003, is now upon us. Before long, genomic information will be an integral part of the medical record, and paediatricians will be able to interrogate these data for a range of purposes: to make a diagnosis in a sick child, to diagnose or exclude a rare genetic disorder, to identify and anticipate future health problems, or to increase the precision of medication prescribing. At the heart of genomic medicine is the use of genomic data, derived from the whole human genome, to better diagnose, predict and treat disease. The availability of clinical-level sequencing and analysis of the whole genome is predicted to transform many aspects of paediatric medicine over the next 5 years and may ultimately become as routine as serum biochemistry.


Median survival time (MST) and major causes of death were determined for 360 control and x-irradiated female beagles. At 10 to 12 months of age the beagles were given single or fractionated x-ray (250-kVp) exposures totaling either 100 R or 300 R. Thereafter they were maintained in outdoor pens for lifetime studies. Most deaths occurring during the first 3 years postirradiation appeared to be due to synergism between the effects of environmental stresses and x-irradiation. In the final analyses, all irradiated beagles exhibited life-span shortening relative to controls: 9.5% and 20.7% for the 100-R and 300-R groups, respectively. On a linear scale this represented a loss of 6.7% per 100 R. Differences between subgroups receiving fractionated exposures were apparent only at 300 R, where life-span shortening was reduced when the elapsed time between first and last exposure was increased from 7 to 84 days. Mortality rates could be fit to the Gompertz equation only during the last 6 years of life. The Gompert...


This paper describes a real-time system for human detection, tracking and motion analysis. The system is an automated video surveillance system for detecting and monitoring people in both indoor and outdoor environments. Detection and tracking are achieved through several steps: First, we design a robust, adaptive background model that can deal with lightning changes, long term changes in the scene and objects occlusions. This model is used to get foreground pixels using the background subtraction method. Afterwards, noise cleaning and object detection are applied, followed by human modeling to recognize and monitor human activity in the scene such as human walking or running.


Using the notions of "telepathy" (John Forrester), "teleplasty" (Roger Caillois), and "social choreography" (Andre Hewitt) this essay responds to Tracy L. Simon's analysis of her patient Nora by proposing a critique of subjectivity as predicated on the notion of the individual subject. Through a dialogue with dance studies, performance studies, and the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari, a case is made for the symptom to be perceived not as a patient's own (property) but as world-delirium and as delirium of the world. Finally, analysand and analyst are conceived as dancers, incorporating and excorporating each other in the social choreography of an activity whose other name could be "lovemaking."


The purpose of this article is to study the target segment of the corporate bank market in order to reveal the demand for financial products and to incorporate this demand into solving the problem of bank profit maximization. Instrumental guidelines for conducting market research that allow to study the aspects of the problem specifically dealing with the efficiency of a bank's cooperation with corporate customers has been developed as a technique for studying target corporate market customers. A target retail trade market sector and a client base of corporate customers including 430 trade network operators functioning in the northwest region of Russia were chosen as objects of research. The article defines the retail market demand potential for bank products, analyses the prospective viability of providing additional bank products to retail market customers, and identifies the corporate customer's informational portrait. On the basis of obtained results, the problem of maximizing the bank's extra profit from serving trade network operators. The research is confined to the client base of one major Russian bank operating in the northwest region of Russia; it will be useful to adapt the material of this article to studying target sectorial markets nationwide. The results of market research were used to assess the economic potential (estimated optimal profit) of the commercial bank's cooperation with trade network operators. This article constitutes the groundwork for organizing effective bank marketing that guarantees a congruity of the bank's resources and capabilities with the demands and requirements of the market in which it operates.


This paper examines the lessons for the New Deal era of some older strands in UK and European labour market measures; the Community Programme of the 1980s and the experience of "entreprises d'insertion in France, Spain and the Netherlands. It considers whether the institutional infrastructure of the New Deal is appropriate for the realisation of "intermediate labour markets". This raises some further questions; whether ILMs are about creating employment or merely redistributing it, and whether it would be preferable to use the "benefit transfer principle" to produce social wealth without regard for commercial viability.


Genetic algorithms (GAs) have widely been investigated to solve hard optimization problems, including the word sense disambiguation (WSD). This problem asks to determine which sense of a polysemous word is used in a given context. Several approaches have been investigated for WSD in English, French, German and some Indo-Aryan languages like Hindi, Marathi, Malayalam, etc. however, research on WSD in Guajarati Language is relatively limited. In this paper, an approach for Guajarati WSD using Genetic algorithm has been proposed which uses Knowledge based approach where Indo-Aryan WordNet for Guajarati is used as lexical database for WSD. Keywords-Natural Language Processing, Word Sense Disambiguation, Genetic Algorithm, WordNet __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________


An interferometer, an image forming system consisting of the ultrasound console to process into an image for displaying the signal from the interferometer. Interferometer may include one or more multi-element photo detector having a plurality of parallel outputs. Between the input portion of the parallel output portion and the ultrasound console of the interferometer, and arranged parallel / serial converter, in order to analyze the ultrasound console, which converts the signal supplied to the parallel output portion to a serial signal . Interferometer can be selectively connected to the ultrasound console. System may also comprise an ultrasonic device can be selectively connected to the console. Thereby, the user is provided the option to use either the interferometer or ultrasound device. Ultrasound console is also possible to include two inputs, whereby one is the interferometer, the other one can be an ultrasonic device. Interferometers and ultrasound devices are both, for example, for insertion into the body cavity such as a blood vessel, can luck by the catheter. The image forming method are also disclosed.


We give two examples where symmetric polynomials play an important role in physics: First, the partition functions of ideal quantum gases are closely related to certain symmetric polynomials, and a part of the corresponding theory has a thermodynamical interpretation. Further, the same symmetric polynomials also occur in Berezin's theory of quantization of phase spaces with constant curvature.


Lithium is an effective acute and maintenance treatment for bipolar (manic-depressive) illness, but because of perceived teratogenic risk, it has been


Using qualitative data, this article unleashes the narratives of teachers (n = 20), engaged in the universities and colleges of Kashmir, about synchronous online teaching. Their narratives were replete with a range of negative emotions regarding the pedagogical, political and personal domains of online teaching. These negative emotions have been broadly framed within the notion of teacher alienation. Four predominant themes: "am I audible?"; "Lack of proximity"; "Talking with the walls"; and "it is just a formality" emerged from the data. Conversely, they highlight the constitutive features of real classrooms lacking in online teaching, such as control, proximity, attention, and authenticity. The article treats these feelings as significant to teacher alienation in online teaching. These themes reflect lived dimensions of online teaching confronted during the top-down implementation of online classes during the recent crises situation. This adds to the theory of teacher alienation and identifies the pedagogical bottlenecks in online teaching.


Our approach to emotion emphasized three key ingredients. (a) We do not yet have a mature science of emotion, or even a consensus view—in this respect we are more hesitant than Sander, Grandjean, and Scherer (henceforth "SGS") or Luiz Pessoa (henceforth "LP"). Relatedly, a science of emotion needs to be highly interdisciplinary, including ecology, psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy. (b) We recommend a functionalist view that brackets conscious experiences and that essentially treats emotions as latent variables inferred from a number of measures. (c) But our version of functionalism is not definitional or ontological. It is resolutely methodological, in good part because it is too early to attempt definitions.


This work is devoted to the structural links between the musical harmony of the Pythagorean fifth scales and the system of hydrogen bonds in genetic molecules DNAs. Hidden regularities in the stochastic organization of hydrogen bond sequences in the genomic DNAs of higher and lower organisms have been discovered. The regularities described are candidates for the role of universal regularities of biological evolution. An idea is advanced on the fundamental role of stochastic regularities in the genetically inherited organization of biological bodies. In the presented study, the author's method of binary stochastics hierarchy for genetic and physiological studies was used.


Two related antibody radiopharmaceutical kits for imaging inflammation have been developed using a one step Tc-99m radiolabeling procedure. Labeling of antibodies with Tc-99m is accomplished by addition of Sodium Pertechnetate, USP, and a brief room temperature incubation. The procedure was modified by: a process purification step; optimizing the amount of protein to be labeled and the amount of stannous salts need for reduction of the pertechnetate; and optimizing the stabilizing agent. With these modifications, it has been possible to achieve 100% yields of strongly bonded Tc-99m as determined by quantitative HPLC. Blood clearance of Tc-99m in rats has been measured in parallel to the I-125 labeled analog. The immunoreactive fraction of Tc-99m labeled monoclonal antibody 480 has been measured using both human granulocyte and solid phase antigen binding and found equal or better than that obtained using other labeling methods. The Tc-99m bound to the antibody has been correlated with free sulfhydryl formation and is not removed by transchelation using challenge agents. 5 refs., 9 figs.


Objective: To compare pain behaviors induced by ipsilateral avulsion and transection injuries of the whole brachial plexus in adult rats.Methods: Twelve adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into transection and avulsion groups,in which the transection and avulsion injuries of the right brachial plexus were respectively performed.Mechanical withdrawal threshold(MWT),cold allodynia scores(CAS) and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL) of the ipsilateral and contralateral hindpaws were evaluated before surgery and on the 3 rd,7 th,14 th and 28 th day after surgery.Results: No significant differences in the three pain behavioral indices were detected before the surgery between the bilateral hindpaws within the same group or between the two groups.CAS increased markedly(P 0.01) while bilateral MWT and bilateral TWL remained unchanged in transection group as compared to those before the surgery.MWT was significantly declined(P 0.01) and CAS elevated(P 0.01) at all postoperative time points but no changes in TWL were found in avulsion group.Significantly,decreased bilateral MWT(P 0.01),markedly increase CAS(P 0.05),and similar bilateral TWL were detected at all postoperative time points in avulsion group when compared with transaction group.However,no differences in all three indices could be observed between the bilateral hindpaws or between different postoperative time points in the same group.Conclusion: Ipsilateral brachial plexus transection induced bilateral cold allodynia of hindpaws while the avulsion injury of the ipsilateral brachial plexus led to bilateral mechanical allodynia,and severe cold allodynia which maintained for at least 28 days as well.Therefore,avulsion injury of the whole brachial plexus,in comparison with transaction,may be a better animal model for the study of neuropathic pain.


We show that conventional aggregation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) raw scores and its interpreted impact on firm value is less than reliable. Instead, the value impact of CSR activities relies heavily on the industry-specific relative position of the firm. Firms that distinguish themselves over their peers are associated with an increased value. This finding is robust and holds for both responsible and irresponsible behavior. Information concerns and portfolio construction allude to a possible CSR clientele, suggesting the existence of an optimal CSR level. Our peer-effect results are robust to unobserved heterogeneity.


The 4Kscore blood test has been shown to accurately detect the presence of high-grade prostate cancer, according to a study presented at ASCO GU.


Government spending policies are one of the most prominent economic policies affecting some of the economic variables that support the economic growth process, because of their underlying impact on Iraq's long-term poverty rates and their increased impact after 2003, inter alia, on economic, social and political grounds. The research was based on the premise that despite increased spending and strategies to reduce poverty in Iraq, public spending policy suffers from distortions, inefficiencies and effectiveness as income variation increases during the research period. The research aims to analyse and measure the impacts of public spending policy on poverty trends and to clarify the most important mechanisms used, especially in Iraq after 2003, and what their economic and social implications are, as well as to establish a relationship between government spending policies and poverty indicators using a quantitative method. The study found that despite the gradual decline in poverty in Iraq from 40% in 2005 to its lowest level in 2012, which was 18.9% due to public employment and high government expenditure due to increased public revenues, it went back up almost to 24.2% in 2019


In most animal cells, centrioles template the nine microtubule doublets in cilia and flagella and constitute the core of the centrosome—the microtubule-organizing center. An early stage of centriole assembly is formation of a central hub with nine spokes. SAS-6 is a protein component of this hub


Various international organizations and foreign advisors suggested that developing countries should focus primarily on foreign direct investment (FDI) as a source of external finance. In this context, the main purpose of the study is to find out the impact of foreign direct investment on economic growth in the Sri Lankan Perspective. Data on the foreign direct investment and economic growth from the year 1990 to 2011 were collected for the study purpose. Further, the results revealed that, there is no significant impact of FDI on the economic growth, which is in lowest level. Only 4.3 percent of the variance in the dependent variable has been found. In contrast, we found that, in the Sri Lankan context, there is a long run equilibrium relationship between FDI and economic growth rate. Statistical findings on the basic regression analysis, Co integration test and Granger causality test show the contradiction in terms of the findings. Meantime, scholars in the econometrics stated that, Co integration test generally is applied among time series data. Due to that, Co integration test give the insights to the findings in terms of long run view. Finally, we have suggested that, the Sri Lankan Government and Central Bank of Sri Lanka jointly should take the necessary action to focus on the infrastructure development through the FDI to get the economic growth in the long term view. Meantime, FDI should be directed to agricultural actives to get the food sufficient aspects in the local and globalized level.


With his decision to boost defense spending, President Obama is continuing the process of re-inflating the Pentagon that began in late 1998 – fully three years before the 9/11 attacks on America. The FY 2011 budget marks a milestone, however: The inflation-adjusted rise in spending since 1998 will probably exceed 100 percent in real terms by the end of the fiscal year. Taking the new budget into account, the Defense Department has been granted about $7.2 trillion since 1998, when the post-Cold War decline in defense spending ended. The rise in spending since 1998 is unprecedented over a 48-year period. In real percentage terms, it's as large as the Kennedy-Johnson surge (43 percent) and the Reagan increases (57 percent) combined. Whether one looks at the entire Pentagon budget or just that part not related to the wars, current spending is above the peak years of the Vietnam War era and the Reagan years. And it's set to remain there. Looking forward, the Obama administration plans to spend more on the Pentagon over the next eight years than any administration since World War II. Why should the Pentagon budget rise so much, so fast? Why should it be exempted from the recently announced discretionary spending freeze? And why should it be stabilizing at levels above the highest years of the Cold War? The most ready explanation is that the War on Terrorism, and especially military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, are the cause. But these activities presently claim less than 20 percent of the Pentagon's budget. For the period 19982011, overseas contingency operations have consumed less than 17 percent of all funding. Take today's wars out of the picture entirely and the rise since 1998 is still 54 percent in real terms.


Through questionnaires,expert interview,this paper tigated the current situation of employee sports were after large enterprises reformed in Guangdong province.Investigations showed that if the enterprises founded the sport companies to manage the employee sport,there would be more participants in sports.The management staff,the grounds and facilities,the operation funds,the investment and the activity modes could be better than the enterprises whose sport activities were managed by the trade unions.The operation system of the sports activities managed by the trade unions could not satisfy the various needs of the employees.


BACKGROUND The introduction of high throughput and high content screening has induced a prolific growth of -omic terms such as genomics, proteomics, cytomics and many others (1). Cytomics, for example, may be considered a new name for cytometry. It is legitimate to ask why a successful effort should have a new name because previous work may get lost in searches as a counterproductive byproduct. Nevertheless, it seems important to consider potentials and challenges of cytomics in the cytometry field.


Within this critical reflection there will be an investigation into the aspects of time, space and communication in conjunction with the development of the Industrial Revolution and information technology. This reflection will examine the notion of time within society whilst gaining an understanding into the accessibility of communication through space but also the desire of a prompt and rapid aspect of time in our modern age.


Either 0.2 or 0.02% thymoxamine hydrochloride was perfused across the endothelium of isolated rabbit corneas in a specular microscope. Treated corneas did not swell, compared to controls, when perfused with 0.02% thymoxamine, but swelled at 34 microns/hr after 0.2% thymoxamine compared to 10 microns/hr of controls. Morphologically, 0.2% thymoxamine caused many intracellular vacuoles, with far fewer changes after 0.02%. Replacement of the aqueous humor with 0.02% thymoxamine caused no effect on either the corneal endothelium or ciliary process, whereas 0.2% caused small, but significant, changes in both tissues.


Herein, we report on the stability and bonding analysis of donor-base-stabilized monomeric AlP species (1–6) of the general formula (L)P–Al(L′); [L = cAACMe, L′ = cAACMe, NHCMe, PMe3, (NiPr2)2 (1–4); L = L′ = NHCMe, PMe3 (5 and 6); cAAC = cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene; NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene]. Energy decomposition analysis coupled with natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) analysis indicates the synthetic viability of this class of species, stabilized in their singlet ground state, in the laboratory. The CL–P bond is found to be a partial double bond (WBI ∼ 1.45), while the CL/PL–Al bond is a single bond (WBI ∼ 0.42–0.69). These bonds are mostly covalent or dative σ/π bonds depending upon the ligands attached. The central P–Al bond is an electron-sharing covalent polar single bond (WBI ∼ 0.80; P–Al) for 1–4 and a dative σ bond for 5 and 6 (WBI ∼ 0.89–0.93; P–Al). The calculated intrinsic interaction energies of the central P–Al bonds are found to be in the range from −116 to −216 kcal/mol (1–3 and 5 and 6). This value is the highest for compound 3, possibly due to the push and pull effects from the ligands PMe3 and cAAC, respectively.


A new experimental technique is developed to determine the onset and evolution of delamination in fiber-reinforced composites under impact loading. The configuration uses a split-Hopkinson bar for low-velocity impact loading and two Polytec laser vibrometer systems for real-time monitoring of the initiation and progression of delamination. The experiment allows the histories of load, displacement, and velocity of impacted specimens to be recorded and analyzed. The recorded profiles are used to characterize the damage initiation and evolution in the laminate. Numerical simulations are conducted using a cohesive finite element method. The method employs a cohesive zone model to simulate matrix cracking and interlaminar delamination and a transversely isotropic, elastic model to characterize the bulk behavior of each ply. The simulations provide time-resolved characterization of damage during the impact loading. The damage modes predicted by the numerical simulations agree well with experimental observations.


alid consent is of the utmost importance in the risk-management strategy of any medical or V surgical treatment that may have an effect on the ovaries and their function. Women expect the utmost care to be taken of themselves and their reproductive organs. Several high-profile cases in recent years have suggested that insufficient care has been taken with regard to the ovaries. This article deals with the issues of consent, the accidental, iiicidental and planned removal or conservation o f ovaries at the time of surgery and the effects of medical treatment on ovarian function and pathology.


Short tandem repeat (STR), also known as microsatellite markers are currently used for genetic parentage verification within equine. Transitioning from STR to single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to perform equine parentage verification is now a potentially feasible prospect and a key area requiring evaluation is parentage testing accuracies when using SNP based methods, in comparison to STRs. To investigate, we utilised a targeted equine genotyping by sequencing (GBS) panel of 562 SNPs to SNP genotype 309 Thoroughbred horses - inclusive of 55 previously parentage verified offspring. Availability of STR profiles for all 309 horses, enabled comparison of parentage accuracies between SNP and STR panels. An average sample call rate of 97.2% was initially observed, and subsequent removal of underperforming SNPs realised a pruned final panel of 516 SNPs. Simulated trio and partial parentage scenarios were tested across 12-STR, 16-STR, 147-SNP and 516-SNP panels. False-positives (i.e. expected to fail parentage, but pass) ranged from 0% for 147-SNP and 516-SNP panels to 0.003% when using 12-STRs within trio parentage scenarios, and 0% for 516-SNPs to 1.6% for 12-STRs within partial parentage scenarios. Our study leverages targeted GBS methods to generate low-density equine SNP profiles and demonstrates the value of SNP based equine parentage analysis in comparison to STRs - particularly when performing partial parentage discovery.


This study identifies the relationship structure of an ego-centered network by examining a transnational organization in the telecommunications sector that is oriented toward innovation. The study considers the dimensions of density, centrality, structural equivalence, and relationship content. Following the literature, we correlate the underlying concepts of network innovation substantiated through the technique of network analysis as a research method. The results suggest that the position of organizations in relation to the distance and pathways to other organizations in the network can influence the network's capacity for innovation, conditioned by the strategic positioning of the focal company. This does not seem to be the case with the company considered by this study, as the strategic positioning of the matrix considers only innovative products with a worldwide scope, and not those with a more limited, local, or regional interest. The main contribution of this study is the identification of the relationship structure of a transnational, ego-centered, and innovation-oriented network with the aid of a statistical tool.


This paper presents a vision-based fault detection and isolation architecture for unmanned aerial vehicles. The vehicle's attitude is computed from visual input through a horizon tracking algorithm, independently of any other sensor. In a second stage, two Kalman filters are used for fault detection and identification in two gyroscopes. The loosely coupled architecture is suitable for real-time application. The algorithm was implemented with the ROS framework and the system's performance is evaluated in a real-time application scenario with artificially introduced sensor faults.


The "universal" principles of effective communication taught in most management communication courses ‐ directness, simplicity, forcefulness ‐ are, from an inter‐cultural perspective, American and male. Should women students of business be taught to imitate the speech behaviour stereotypically associated with American businessmen? Or is the behaviour stereotypically associated with women equally, or even more, effective in business situations? Because there is little research to support the masculine model of business speech, because coercing women to change their speech produces pedagogically unwarranted stress, and because the feminine stereotype is actually better suited to global business communication, this paper argues that business and management communication should be taught from a gender‐independent postmodern approach.


Amphiphysins interact directly with clathrin and have a function in clathrin‐mediated synaptic vesicle recycling and clathrin‐mediated endocytosis. The neuronal isoform amphiphysin‐1 is a serine/threonine phosphoprotein that is dephosphorylated upon stimulation of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Rephosphorylation was stimulated by nerve growth factor. We analysed the regulation of amphiphysin–clathrin interactions by phosphorylation. The N‐terminal domain of clathrin bound to unphosphorylated amphiphysin‐1, but not to the phosphorylated protein. A search for possible phosphorylation sites revealed two casein kinase 2 consensus motifs in close proximity to the clathrin binding sites in amphiphysin‐1 and ‐2. We mutagenized these residues (T350 and T387) to glutamate, mimicking a constitutive phosphorylation. The double mutant showed a strong reduction in clathrin binding. The assumption that casein kinase 2 phosphorylates amphiphysin‐1 at T350 and T387 was corroborated by experiments showing that: (i) casein kinase 2 phosphorylated these residues directly in vitro, (ii) when expressed in HeLa cells, the glutamate mutant showed reduced phosphorylation, and (iii) casein kinase 2 inhibitors blocked nerve growth factor‐induced phosphorylation of endogenous amphiphysin‐1 in PC12 cells. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that, upon activation by nerve growth factor, casein kinase 2 phosphorylates amphiphysin‐1 and thereby regulates the endocytosis of clathrin‐coated vesicles via the interaction between clathrin and amphiphysin.


The dependence of the rate of the reaction of XeO 4 with H 2 at room temperature on the concentrations of the reagents H 2 and XeO 4 and diluent gases He, O 2 , and CO 2 is investigated. A reaction mechanism that includes the stages involving vibrationally excited OH radicals is proposed to explain different effects of additives.


The Mars 2020 Sampling and Caching Subsystem (SCS) is the most complex robotic system ever fielded on a Mars Rover. It includes a 5 degree-of-freedom Robotic Arm, coring drill, gas Dust Removal Tool, interfaces for two turret-mounted instruments, and an Adaptive Caching Assembly (ACA). The ACA is itself a complex robotic system, containing hardware to support docking and bit exchange, a 3 degree-of-freedom Sample Handling Assembly for manipulating sample tubes, storage for several drill bits and sample tubes, and mechanisms to support observing and sealing samples collected by the drill. To successfully verify and validate the SCS hardware and software and its integration with the Mars 2020 flight system several key strategies were employed. The SCS Verification and Validation (V&V) program utilized multiple test venues with tiered levels of fidelity. These included simulation and visualization software environments, low fidelity development testbeds, testbeds with high fidelity SCS hardware and commercial off-the shelf avionics, integrated system testbeds with flight-like avionics, and environmental testbeds capable of simulating Martian surface temperature and pressure. Multiple units of each SCS hardware component moved fluidly between test venues to accomplish myriad standalone and coordinated test objectives. Test preparation and executions were performed by a diverse team of engineers with training and technical ownership tailored for individual experience and role. Despite significant differences between test venues, the SCS V&V team established efficient and consistent processes and tools for procedure development, test execution, and data review that enabled personnel, as well as technical products such as sequences and parameter configurations, to flow between venues effectively. A series of benchmark tests provided evidence of performance consistency as elements were transferred between venues and as system capability evolved. This paper provides an overview of the SCS V&V program and explores several overarching strategies that enabled successful operation in the face of unprecedented complexity. Key outcomes of the SCS validation effort are summarized, along with lessons learned and beneficial integrations of validation tool and process innovations into Mars surface operations.


Previous research has shown that differences in the speech that children are exposed to can lead to differences in their language, literacy and cognitive development, and may even affect subsequent success at school. Informed by Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of language learning in early childhood and Sigel's Psychological Distancing Model, this ethnographic multiple-case study analyzes maternal interaction strategies in four Chinese families in Singapore — two local and two immigrant families — to explore factors that influence choice of interaction strategies. Cross-case comparisons are made in terms of the mothers' professional and cultural backgrounds, and within-case comparisons are made along the lines of contextual factors. The comparisons reveal both important similarities and differences in the mothers' use of interaction strategies which was shaped by an array of social, cultural, and contextual factors.


The effect of exogenous applications of several gibberellins (GAs) native to a cold-requiring plant Raphanus sativus L. was investigated to uncover the role of the GAs in cold-induced stem elongation and flowering of the plant. GA1 and GA4 promoted the stem elongation and flowering, whereas GA9 and GA20, which are thought to be precursors of GA4 and GA1, respectively, were less active. Prohexadione calcium, which inhibits hydroxylation of GAs including 2β- and 3β-hydroxylation, reduced the effects of GA9 and GA20 ; in contrast, it enhanced the effects of GA1 and GA4. These results strongly indicate that GA1 and GA4 are the endogenous biologically-active GAs in cold-induced stem elongation and flowering of R. sativus. We found no difference between GA1 and GA4 in their relative activity to stem elongation vs. flowering ; thus, we suggest that they have the same role in the promotion of stem elongation and flowering. Thus, it will be necessary to reduce GA1 and GA4 concentrations to control undesired stem elongation and flowering.


This paper presents a new approach for sen-sorless vector control of surface-mounted permanent magnet brushless motors with nonsinusoidal back electromotive force (EMF). This approach uses a new motor dynamic model expressed in a synchronous reference frame with back-EMF vectors. The back-EMFs required for the frame transformations and for the rotor speed estimation are estimated online from a reduced-order state observer. In addition, a hybrid orientation is performed using variable cutoff frequency filters to select the back-EMF harmonic components that compose the synchronous reference frame. Hence, harmonic currents can be effectively reduce at high speed decreasing iron losses. Moreover, it is shown that the electromagnetic torque under nonsinusoidal orientation is proportional to the q-axis stator current. As a result, the torque ripple can be easily minimized even with highly nonsinusoidal back-EMF. The good performance of the proposed approach for speed and current control is demonstrated by simulation and experimental results.


Background
Hypertension is a growing problem in India and causes a significant burden on the health system. Well-managed and well-controlled hypertension leads to a better quality of life and reduces the risk of complications, which include coronary artery disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. The disease hypertension does not have a direct correlation with any Vyadhi in ayurvedicclassics, so Vyadhi Pratyanika Chikitsais not found directly, and we focus on Dosha Pratyanika Chikitsa for the management of this disease. On the basis of a previously done experimental study, an aqueous extract of Eclipta alba (Bhringraj) is selected as an antihypertensive drug. In the literature, apart from VataNiyamak, hridya, sothahara and the neurine tonic action of Rasasindoor, Yogavahi(bioenhancer) action is also mentioned.Objective: To evaluate the Yogvahi ef-fect of Rasasindoor with an aqueous extract of Eclipta alba in the management of Essential Hypertension. Methods: 100 patients with Essential Hypertension having Blood pressure upto stage 1 according to the 7th JNC criteria for Diagnosis of Hypertension systolic blood pressure with a maximum limit of 160 mm of mercury and diastolic blood pressure maximum limit of 100 mm of mercury will be randomly allocated to two groups having 50 patients in each group.Group A will be given an aqueous extract of Eclipta alba 500 mg twice a day, and Group B will be administered with aqueous extract of Eclipta alba 500 mg with Rasasindoor(62 mg) twice a day for 30 days. Statistical analysis will be done after the last visit of the patient for the anticipative out-come.Results: We anticipate that due to the Yogvahi action of Rasasindoor, group B will show better control of blood pressure as compared to group A.Conclusion: Rasasindoor has Yogvahi (bioenhancer ) properties, so it can be used with various types of formulations, which can make the expensive drugs affordable and reduce the toxic effects by reducing the required dose of drugs in the management of different types of disorders.


Dear editor, Given the benefits of mechanical thrombectomy in addition to optimal medical treatment for acute anterior circulation ischaemic strokes, it is appropriate to determine the expected caseload when implementing this service. We retrospectively reviewed all potential thrombolysis cases presenting to Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust (UK) between 31 December 2012 and 27 April 2015. Published trial criteria were used to determine eligibility for thrombectomy: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 6, age >18 years, pre-morbid modified Ranking Score (mRS) 2, presentation <6 h of symptom onset, computed tomography (CT) Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) 6, documented anterior circulation thrombus and exclusion of intracranial haemorrhage. A total of 1976 cases were presented over the 848 day period. Of these, 496 (25%) met the inclusion criteria of NIHSS 6, age >18 years, pre-morbid mRS 2, presentation <6 h of symptom onset, and CT ASPECTS 6, with exclusion of intracranial haemorrhage. Of these 496, 187 underwent cranial CT angiography (CTA) at presentation, with 103 (55%) of these identifying anterior circulation thrombus. Of the 309 cases that did not undergo CTA, 84 (27%) identified middle cerebral artery hyperdensity suggestive of thrombus. The results highlight an increased detection rate for thrombus when CTA is performed (p< 0.001, Chi squared), consistent with previous work. Cranial CTA is more commonly performed within working hours at our unit. Our results suggest that approximately 55% of cases otherwise eligible for thrombectomy undergoing cranial CTA at presentation demonstrate anterior circulation thrombus. Extrapolation to all 496 otherwise eligible presentations suggests that 273 cases would have been suitable for thrombectomy over the 848 day period if CTA was consistently performed, equating to approximately 1.4 cases in every 10 acute stroke presentations. These figures are consistent with work performed at another London Hyper Acute Stroke Unit.


AbstractThis study examines the design of point symbols for tourist information on maps displayed on a CRT display within a public information system. The main aim was to investigate the effects of colour and size on the recognition of features. A further aim was to develop guidelines for the design of point symbols for such displays. A set of symbols were designed and subjected to preliminary comprehension tests. Test maps were developed and a wide range of users tested for search and recognition of the selected symbols. It was found that larger symbols performed better than medium symbols, which performed better smaller sized symbols. Black symbols were also found to perform better than red, green or blue symbols of the same size.


(2003) N Engl J Med 348, 383. Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, et al. . Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. . ; . : . –93 .

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

 QUESTION: In patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria, what is the effect of a target driven, long term, intensive, multifactorial intervention compared with conventional treatment on cardiovascular and microvascular disease?

Randomised {allocation concealed}*, blinded {data collectors and outcome assessors}*, controlled trial with mean follow up of 7.8 years (the Steno-2 Study).

A diabetes centre in Denmark.

160 patients (mean age 55 y) with persistent microalbuminuria. Follow up was 81%.

80 patients were allocated to intensive treatment involving strict treatment goals with stepwise implementation of behaviour modification (diet plan, exercise, and smoking cessation) and target driven pharmacological therapy for hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and microalbuminuria. All patients in the intervention group received either an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II …

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The study was carried out on the industrial territory of Joint Stock Co. «Karelsky Okatysh» (Russia, Republic of Karelia, Kostomuksha). The species Salix schwerinii E. Wolf (Finland) was used as a phytoremediant and was cultivated on the contaminated territory of the mining enterprise – the tailing dump (the main pollutants being Ni and Fe). After one year, the willow plant samples were divided into two groups: healthy plants with higher biomass production (HBP) and suppressed plants with lower biomass production (LBP). The root system of HBP and LBP plants had no differences, but aboveground biomass was higher in HBP willow plants. The content of photosynthetic pigments was low in both groups of willows at (1.62 ± 0.10) mg/g wet weight. SLA index (specific leaf area) was 1.53 mm 2 mg –1 and 1.21 mm 2 mg –1 in HBP and LBP groups, correspondingly. About 50–90 % of Ni, Fe, Mn, Co, Cu, Cr were absorbed by the roots and leaves of willow. All of these elements accumulated in maximal amounts in the roots (70 %) of plants from the HBP group, while in the LBP group they accumulated mostly in leaves (70 %). Pb was deposited in the roots, leaves and bark (20–30 % for each structure), Cd, Zn – in the bark (50–60 %). According to the coefficient of biological absorption, heavy metals in the willow plants formed the following sequence:


Iber is a software for simulating turbulent free surface unsteady flow and transport processes in shallow water flows. The hydrodynamic module of Iber solves the depth averaged two-dimensional shallow water equations (2D Saint-Venant Equations). A turbulent module allows the user to include the effect of the turbulent stresses in the hydrodynamics. These are evaluated with different depth-averaged turbulence models for shallow waters of different complexity. Additional capabilities include sediment transport modelling, water quality modelling and rainfall-runoff modelling. All the equations of the model are solved in a finite volume non-structured mesh made up of triangle and quadrilateral elements. A more detailed description of the model can be found in Blade et al. (2014) and the references therein, as well as in the documents included in the Refences section of this document. Iber can be downloaded for free through www.iberaula.com. This document presents the performance of the software Iber in a series of two-dimensional modelling benchmark tests. Some of these tests were developed by the United Kingdom Joint Defra / Environment Agency under Defra's Flood and Coastal Erosion Risk Management R&D program, and have been used to benchmark other 2D free surface flow models, as the 2D version of HEC-RAS. The Defra's benchmarking report, which includes the comparison of several two-dimensional models, can be downloaded from: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/benchmarking-the-latest-generation-of-2d-hydraulicflood-modelling-packages


Qai'lullah or napping is a phenomenon that is widely practiced in the world. Islam advocates mid-day napping as it is primarily practiced by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Scientists and scholars also acknowledge the benefits beyond this practice after various research and studies done. Hence, this article emphasizes topic of sleep in Islamic insight, their stages of sleeps according to Quran and the practiced of Qai'lullah or mid-day napping. The high-energy blue light exposure from the natural source, Sun and also digital screens reported reduce visual contrast and affect the sharpness and clarity by creating glares lead to mental and physical fatigue. Thus, a short nap in the mid-afternoon helps to boost memory, lift our mood, and improve job performance. The effect associated with qai'lullah are also being reviewed including improved the neurocognitive performance, alertness, recover the loss night sleep and enhanced the quality and increased memory consolidation in people.


Fast Recovery Epitaxial Diodes (FREDs) in the 600V voltage range are widely used for the design of Switch Mode Power Supply or snubberless DC-DC converters, where the devices can operate close to their intrinsic limitation in terms of maximum sustainable energy during avalanche operation. Experimental characterization of 600V rated FREDs in avalanche conditions has highlighted a failure due to a current level limitation. The mechanism cannot be attributed to the achievement of an avalanche energy threshold, therefore a current dependent mechanism is involved in the failure of the device. In this work this failure mechanism is addressed and the relevance of the termination design is highlighted.


Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) can be beneficial for low back and radicular pain. A short trial of SCS evaluates the potential effectiveness of this therapy for a specific patient, while also decreasing the likelihood of a failed permanent implant. While rare, an epidural abscess is difficult to diagnose based on its nonspecific and unreliable clinical presentation.


Using numerical simulations we study the configurations, dynamics, and melting properties of vortex lattices interacting with elliptical pinning sites at integer matching fields with as many as 27 vortices per pin. Our pinning model is based on a recently produced experimental system [G. Karapetrov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 167002 (2005)], and the vortex configurations we obtain match well with experimental vortex images from the same system. We find that the strong pinning sites capture more than one vortex each, and that the saturation number of vortices residing in a pin increases with applied field due to the pressure from the surrounding vortices. At high matching fields, the vortices in the intestitial regions form a disordered triangular lattice. We measure the depinning thresholds for both the x and y directions, and find distinctive dynamical responses along with highly anisotropic thresholds. For melting of the vortex configurations under zero applied current, we find multi-step melting transitions in which the interstitial vortices melt at a much lower temperature than the pinned vortices. We associate this with signatures in the specific heat.


This paper presents an adjustable speed controller for an uncertain surface-mounted permanent-magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) based on the H-infinity control theory and Takagi Sugeno fuzzy controller (TS fuzzy). The main issue of this research is to design the controller by just using upper and lower bounds of the SPMSM parameters. The results are shown that the proposed design controller is given a better performance. Fewer errors and faster response than controller designed based on TS fuzzy H-infinity Attenuation method in the terms of SPMSM parameter and unknown noises. In addition, the contribution of this study can be explained into twofold. First, even the amounts of the unknown parameters are increased; it is shown stabilizing control for the system. Second, it is shown that it is possible to systematically assign the robust global stabilizing control. The efficiency of experiment is shown by using the SPMSM at rated power: 3-kW and knowledge only upper and lower bounds of the SPMSM parameters.


The main objective of the study is to test association between investment climate and attitude towards tax by SMEs in Plateau State. The study used cross-sectional survey design. Using Krejcie and Morgan (1970) sample size determination table, the sample size for the current study is 265 for a population of 875. The data for the study were obtained through administration of questionnaire and was analyzed using multiple regressions. The results indicate that shortage of electric supply, insecurity, perceived corruption, access to finance and taxpayers' attitude towards tax are significantly and positively associated. However, multiple taxation was found to be insignificant in explaining SMEs negative attitude towards tax. It was recommended that government should put measures in place to address shortage of electric supply, insecurity, inadequate access to finance and corruption to improve internally generated revenue through tax


The direct solution of the Schr\"odinger equation for the ground state of the pp\ensuremath{\mu}, dd\ensuremath{\mu}, and tt\ensuremath{\mu} molecular ions is obtained with the help of the correlation-function hyperspherical harmonic method. Given the proper correlation function, chosen from physical considerations, the method generates wave functions, accurate in the whole range of interparticle distances, which leads in turn to precise estimates of the expectation values of the Hamiltonian and of different functions of interparticle distances. Our results are compared with those obtained in other precision calculations.


Although prompt surgical intervention of traumatic great vessel false aneurysms is recommended when diagnosed, additional factors must be considered in the pregnant patient. This communication represents the first report describing the successful vaginal delivery of a term infant in a patient presenting with a false aortic aneurysm and arteriovenous fistula.


In this paper, a new disc-type ultrasonic motor is introduced. Its stator is a circular disc with a bonded PZT plate serving as a driver. The rotor is driven by a lateral elliptical motion occurring at the stator edge. An analytical formulation of the lateral elliptic motion based on the wave equations is derived to show the operation principles. The driving frequency, the force and the revolution speed induced from the lateral elliptic motion are obtained following the analytical derivation. The relationship between the new disc-type ultrasonic stator and its boundary condition is discussed. A laser vibrometer is used to verify the analytical model. The result proves that the stator with three non-equal-triangular fixed points (120deg-90deg-150deg) near the edge achieve the best performance.


This paper discussed the impact of the occurrence of ellipsoid tank head vertical deflection of the tank capacity table horizontal calibration.This paper established the no deflection model and the vertical deflection model of the horizontal storage tank and comparative studied the impact of the vertical deflection parameters on the horizontal ellipsoidal head tank of the tank capacity table.Under a given set of measured data of the occurrence of ellipsoid tank and the minor vertical deflection angles,the reliability of the model error is proved.


Since Leacock, Leavitt, and Friedlander all fault Reed's work on many of the same points as I have done, let me try to articulate what it is that we still disagree over and why. First, there is the matter of my putative elitism. I can only demur from Friedlander's implicit suggestion that there be a policy of "handicapping" in scholarly debate that grants those with less sophistication in a field a starting advantage over those with more; for such a policy, if covert, is misleading to the public, and if overt, is pointless and furthermore condescending. In Woman's Evolution, Reed is invoking whatever authority the field of anthropology may have to put across her views. Both her theory and her ethnography should therefore be judged by the same standards of criticism as are applied to anyone else doing this-including professional anthropologists. As it happened, I, the reviewer, did not consider Reed's views a significant contribution to theory-feminist, socialist, or anthropological; I did not think that she managed the data convincingly; and I also did not think that she asked to be or needed to be handled with kid gloves. To turn to what is more the meat of the controversy, I must fault myself for not having brought out more clearly what it is that I object to in the notion of "primitive egalitarianism" or "matriarchy." The use of either of these concepts in present-day feminist literature (academic or general) is more often than not linked with an effort to simplify and distort the nature of women's oppression throughout history and in all


parisons with the Camberwell study were presented, but it was mentioned that fewer abstainers were found in the Jamaican study (10 per cent males and 25 per cent females) as against the U.S. national average of 30 per cent. There were also more male heavy drinkers in Jamaica (38 per cent) than in Berkeley, California (28 per cent). Since the data collected in this study was not yet completely analyzed, the third aspect was not discussed in this paper, but an estimate of the prevalence of alcoholism in the population was given as 5 per cent of the sample.


The proliferation of sport events has awakend an interest in learning how to use them as a tool for attracting tourists in the places that host them. In view of the undeniable impact of major sport events, there is a need to evaluate whether in the case of events in small areas or localities, positive effects are produced from a tourist perspective. This paper analyses the specific case of the cycling race La Quebrantahuesos in the town of Sabiñánigo, located in the North of the province of Huesca. Based on a survey conducted among the participants in the 2016 edition, we determined their assessment about their experience, the services and activities offered before, during and after the race, as well as the attraction capacity of the des tination and their estimated average expenditure during their stay. From the results obtained in the study, it can be maintained that La Quebrantahuesos is a consolidated and a very highly valued product, with a positive impact on the tourist promotion of a small-sized municipality.


[1] In spring 2005, daily particulate matter (PM2.5) aerosol samples were collected at Tongliao, a site in the Horqin sand land of northeastern China. The concentrations of 20 elements, 9 water-soluble ions, and elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC, respectively) were determined in the filter samples. Crustal material was the major contributor to the PM2.5 mass, but rural biomass burning and local urban pollution also influenced the composition of the aerosol. The mean PM2.5 mass concentration was 126 ± 71 μg m−3 (arithmetic mean ± standard deviation), with higher loadings during five dust storms (DS, 255 ± 80 μg m−3) than for normal days (ND, 104 ± 43 μg m−3) or pollution episodes (PE, 118 ± 52 μg m−3). During the DS, crustal material accounted for 69% of the PM2.5 mass, followed by carbonaceous matter (14%), sulfate (4%), nitrate (2%), ammonium (1%), and chloride (1%). The observed Si/Al, Ca/Al, and Fe/Al ratios during the DS events were different from those in dust from western or central/northern Asia. On normal days the percentage of crustal material decreased to 43%, and the mass of carbonaceous matter increased 2 times over that during DS. During the pollution episodes the contributions of sulfate and nitrate were 3 times those on DS while ammonium increased four-fold. Secondary aerosols (NH4+, SO42−, and NO3−) were the dominant species during the pollution episodes, but SO42− and NO3− also were important components of the aerosol during DS events, suggesting that mineral dust was mixed with other materials. Ion balance calculations indicate that the DS samples were alkaline, the ND samples were weakly alkaline, and the PE samples were slightly acidic. A deficit of measured anions during DS implied the presence of carbonate; this evidently accounts for ∼5.5% of the PM2.5 mass. The average OC and EC concentrations were 16.3 ± 7.3 μg m−3 and 3.4 ± 1.7 μg m−3, respectively. Noncrustal K was correlated with OC and EC, indicating that biomass burning was a major contributor to the regional carbonaceous aerosol.


The term immunological memory has long been a trademark restricted to adaptive lymphocytes such as memory B cells and plasma cells as well as memory CD8+ αβ T cells. In recent years, innate lymphocytes such as NK cells have also been shown to adapt to their environment by antigen‐specific expansion and selective survival. However, whether γδ T cells mount comparable memory responses to pathogenic stimuli is less well understood. In this issue of European Journal of Immunology, Hartwig et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2015. 45: 3022–3033] identify a subset of IL‐17‐producing γδ T cells that are capable of establishing long‐lived memory in the skin of mice exposed to imiquimod in the Aldara psoriasis model. These γδ T cells uniformly express a Vγ4+Vδ4+ TCR. They produce IL‐17A/F and persist in the dermis for long periods of time, also at untreated distal sites. Upon secondary challenge, experienced Vγ4+Vδ4+ cells show enhanced effector functions and mediate exacerbated secondary inflammation. These findings showcase innate γδ T‐cell memory that uses a single conserved public TCR combination. Furthermore, they provide mechanistic insight to the observed psoriatic relapses in patients in response to topical treatment with imiquimod.


In this paper, the use of accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer and GPS. A basic sensors available on smartphones, in the treatment of paresis symptoms, patients as a way of encouraging physical therapy on their own without having to travel to the hospital. And it is a burden to doctors and physiotherapists, making it possible to serve a large number of patients will explored. It also provides therapeutic information to improve individual physical activity. A smartphone that attached to the patient at a given location.It sends values from sensors to databases in the cloud. The data provided by the database will analyze and diagnosed by doctors and physiotherapists.