A new software module adding screened Coulomb scattering to the Monte Carlo radiation simulation code Geant4 has been applied to compute the nonionizing component of energy deposited in semiconductor materials by energetic protons and other forms of radiation. This method makes it possible to create three-dimensional maps of nonionizing energy deposition from all radiation sources in structures with complex compositions and geometries. Essential aspects of previous NIEL computations are confirmed, and issues are addressed both about the generality of NIEL and the ability of beam experiments to simulate the space environment with high fidelity, particularly for light ion irradiation at very high energy. A comparison of the displacement energy deposited by electromagnetic and hadronic interactions of a proton beam with published data on GaAs LED degradation supports the conclusion of previous authors that swift light ions and slower heavy ions produce electrically active defects with differing efficiencies. These results emphasize that, for devices with extremely small dimensions, it is increasingly difficult to predict the response of components in space without the assistance of computational modeling.


ABSTRACT This essay explores different cultural protocols of representation of Jewish anger in different "emotional communities", a category proposed by historian Barbara H. Rosenwein. I examine documents from early modern Venice that provide a more nuanced comprehension of how local Jews, Shylock's historical counterparts, did feel, express and were allowed to express their anger, trying to show their relevance for the interpretation of Shakespeare's play. Taking my cue from James Shapiro's new preface for the twentieth anniversary edition of Shakespeare and the Jews, I compare the conditions of Jewish anger in the United States and Italy in reference to public and literary discourse on the Shoah and on Israel, in their intersections with criticism of The Merchant of Venice.


A novel epoxy resin containing isocyanurate group (ISEP) and a novel flexible curing agent (TPA) are synthesized. The mechanical properties of the composite by using biurea as filler are studied. Its tensile strength and elongation are 6.44 MPa and 124.15% at 20℃, 2.68 MPa and 85.24% at 50℃, 7.38 MPa and 24.09% at -40℃, respectively. A propellant is inhibited by this composite. The threeway smoke signature results of the inhibitor show that the transmit ratio of visible light and laser exceeds 80 percent, while 90.4% for IR. The thermal stability of the inhibitor is also studied by TGA.


By definition, globalisation requires increased production and consumption, and as a result, increased generation of waste. Concepts of sustainability are not considered. Those seeking to initiate such a debate are labelled as anti-progress, as luddites. Among the few that have given biophysical limits any thought, they persuade themselves that future, as yet uninvented, technologies will keep us from the brink of environmental catastrophe. Indeed, they believe even that globalisation is a necessary driving force for such inventions.


Some conclusions regarding atmospheric eddies, derived from the records of a pressure-tube anemograph at St. Hubert Airport near Montreal, are applied to the problem of the vibrations of transmission lines, furnishing a meteorological approach to the problem recently discussed by C. D. Niven.It is found (1) that during glaze storms the wind at 60 ft. above ground is generally less gusty than the average; (2) that the mean duration of a gust varies inversely as the square root of the wind velocity, and is too large to resonate with the ordinarily observed period of "galloping"; and (3) that the steadiest winds invariably occur on nights of low wind velocity when a large negative lapse rate of temperature has been built up, leading to the small high-frequency vibrations due to eddies forming behind the cables.The meteorological conditions accompanying a recent destructive case of "galloping" form the subject of part of the paper.


Sykes and Gaunt (see ibid., vol.9, p.2131 (1976)) showed the mean cluster size in the two-dimensional Ising model to diverge as (Tc-T)- theta with theta approximately=1.91 larger than the Ising susceptibility exponent gamma =1.75. This difference theta - gamma is explained here at least partly by Binder's cluster model (see Ann. Phys. NY. vol.98, p.390 (1976)) for critical points where theta >or= gamma + beta =1.875.


The best hope for early intervention in psychotic disorders resides in public health measures for the population as a whole rather than in attempts to diagnose risk in individuals for what will be a low incidence of future psychosis. Making services more accessible, providing general diagnostic training to primary care workers, and creating community awareness will make the filters on the pathway to mental health treatment more permeable for people with early psychotic symptoms in need of care. Individual treatment should be initiated early but when it is indicated, as when criteria are first met for psychotic disorder not otherwise specified. Creating a diagnostic class that does not unambiguously define a specific group, treatment, or outcome does not add value for patients and their families. —Jim van Os


Among the numerical studies on liquid water transport in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the static contact angle (SCA) model is generally used, while the dynamic contact angle (DCA) model is only applied on the simulation of droplet behaviors with simple geometries like a single microchannel. In this study, for the first time, the DCA model is used to study the gas‐liquid phenomena inside the cathode of PEMFC with parallel flow field design, ie, Parallel‐DCA model. The water emerging and transport processes are simulated on the basis of this Parallel‐DCA model using the volume of fluid method. The DCA effects are investigated by comparing the numerical results to those from the Parallel‐SCA model with the same computational domain and operating conditions and the experiment from an available literature as well. It is indicated that the water distribution pattern from the Parallel‐DCA model is more similar to the experimental results, showing the potential of DCA model to be applied in the simulation of water management in PEMFCs with complex flow field designs. The general water transport, water emerging process, and draining process from the Parallel‐DCA and Parallel‐SCA models are presented and discussed.


The paper presents laboratory methods of testing the prototype resilient mats, used in rail track systems in order to reduce vibrations transmitted to the vicinity of the railroad and to improve the resistance of the railroad structure. The laboratory testing program was carried out for elastomeric materials (polyurethane based). The key parameters being investigated in the Warsaw University of Technology laboratory unit were used in order to determine the insertion loss vibration level by applying analytical method. The paper presents the influence of selected parameters i.e. static and dynamic moduli on the reduction of vibration and structureborne sound level – i.e. the value of insertion loss parameters.


Chan Chi On won the Best Paper Award (6-Sigma & Business Process Re-engineering) in the 10th International Conference on ISO 9000 & TQM organized by Shanghai Association for Quality (China), Shanghai Academy of Quality Management (China) and Hang Seng School of Commerce in 2005.


ABSTRACT A new species of Palliduphantes Saaristo and Tanasevitch in 2001 is described from Turkey. Differences between the new species and related species are discussed.


Yes‐associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional co‐activator that controls the transcription of target genes and modulates the structures of various cytoskeletal architecture as mechanical responses. Although it has been known that YAP regulates actin‐regulatory proteins, the detailed molecular mechanism of how they control and coordinate intracellular actin architecture remains elusive. Herein, we aimed to examine the structure and dynamics of intracellular actin architecture from molecular to cellular scales in normal and YAP‐knockout (YAP‐KO) cells utilizing high‐speed atomic force microscopy (HS‐AFM) for live‐cell imaging and other microscope‐based mechanical manipulation and measurement techniques. YAP‐KO Madin–Darby canine kidney cells had a higher density and turnover of actin filaments in the cell cortex and a higher elastic modulus. Laser aberration assay demonstrated that YAP‐KO cells were more resistant to damage than normal cells. We also found that Rho GTPase‐activating protein 18 (ARHGAP18), a downstream factor of YAP, translocated from the cortex to the edge of sparsely cultured YAP‐KO cells. It resulted in high RhoA activity and promotion of actin polymerization in the cell cortex and their reductions at the edge. HS‐AFM imaging of live cell edge and a cell‐migration assay demonstrated lower membrane dynamics and motility of YAP‐KO cells than those of normal cells, suggesting lower actin dynamics at the edge. Together, these results demonstrate that a YAP‐dependent pathway changes the intracellular distribution of RhoGAP and modulates actin dynamics in different parts of the cell, providing a mechanistic insight into how a mechano‐sensitive transcription cofactor regulates multiple intracellular actin architecture and coordinates mechano‐responses.


BACKGROUND
A training system that allows the trainee to perform laparoscopic suturing in a realistic environment and measures the force applied to the tissue would be invaluable. This study aims to establish the construct and content validity of the training system we developed for the objective assessment of surgeons' skills.

METHODS
Ten novices, 6 residents, and 6 experts performed the suturing and knot-tying task using the training system. Ten force-related parameters were used to analyse the system's construct validity. Experts were invited to evaluate the content validity with questionnaires.

RESULTS
Eight parameters showed significant differences between the three groups. The construct validity results demonstrated that the system could distinguish the tissue handling ability of operators. The experts agreed that the system had excellent content validity with an average score of 4.71/5.

CONCLUSIONS
The training system is likely valid for surgical training. It can realistically simulate surgical scenarios and evaluate the tissue handling ability of trainees.


The Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus is the target of a recreational fishery along the U.S. East Coast that is thought to be of considerable economic value. In some years, recreational landings have exceeded the sector's annual subquota due to changes in fish availability, limited predictability of angler effort, and difficulties in real-time monitoring of catch. Understanding the drivers of angler behavior is critical for predicting how effort and harvest may vary as a function of changing fish availability, regulations, or costs. To investigate angler decision making, preferences, and values, we surveyed private recreational anglers from Maine to North Carolina and employed discrete choice experiments to determine how regulatory and nonregulatory trip-specific variables influence trip-taking behavior. A latent class-ranked logit model identified two distinct classes of anglers who exhibited differing preferences in regard to the importance of nonconsumptive aspects of Bluefin Tuna fishing (e.g., catch and release). Income and recent Bluefin Tuna targeting were the primary determinants of class membership, and higher-income anglers who had targeted Bluefin Tuna in the past 5 years were significantly more likely to be in the class that derives substantive benefits from nonconsumptive angling activities. An annual consumer surplus exceeding US$14 million was estimated for the 2015 fishery. We considered potential angler welfare impacts of possible management changes (compensating surplus) and identified a large amount of latent effort currently present in the fishery in the form of consumptiveoriented anglers. As a result, liberalization of harvest regulations could potentially lead to a large influx of effort into the fishery, which could impede the ability of managers to maintain harvest levels within prescribed limits. Over the past several decades, resource management scholars have advocated for better integration of the social sciences into fisheries management (Voiland and Duttweiler 1984; Fenichel et al. 2013). Understanding the human component of fisheries is important for predicting how management actions will affect the well-being of fishery participants, as well as for informing the allocation of fishery resources among competing user groups (Orbach 1980). In addition, without properly understanding the preferences and motivations of anglers, predicting behavioral responses (e.g., effort and harvest) is difficult and can potentially undermine management's effectiveness and threaten a fishery's sustainability (Fulton et al. 2011; Fenichel et al. 2013; Hunt et al. 2013). Fishing behavior may, for example, change as stock status or management strategies change, and simply extrapolating past behavior under different conditions could lead to inaccurate predictions (Fulton et al. 2011). Furthermore, while determining the preferences and motivations of recreational anglers is challenging (compared with commercial fishers, who are often thought to be largely motivated by profit), understanding drivers of angler behavior for a given fishery is critical for *Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Received December 3, 2017; accepted March 14, 2018 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 38:680–697, 2018


The present invention relates to an electrode active material, the electrode, the electric storage devices, lithium ion capacitor and a lithium ion secondary battery. The present invention provides an electrode active material to achieve an excellent low-temperature characteristics of the lithium ion capacitor, a lithium ion secondary battery, the power storage device. One kind of a pore diameter of 50 ~ 400nm macropore volume of 0.05 ~ 0.40cc / g of the electrode active material a carbon material. Preferably at least part of the carbon material containing the carbon material is a carbon material forming the core and the clad composite material made of a carbon material such as carbon, are formed above the cladding covering the core carbon material.


Grid harmonic interactions due to aggregated flyback micro-inverters are investigated in this study. An impedance-based model based on the Norton model of flyback micro-inverters, which are with quasi-resonant peak-current control, is obtained by adopting the small-signal modelling approach. As a supplement to the existing output impedance modelling of string inverters with linear controllers, further study on micro-inverters under non-linear control is addressed in this study. Based on the derived impedance model, the admittance matrix of aggregated micro-inverters connected to the grid is formulated and the impedance-based analysis of the system stability is also presented. Consequently, by modelling the output admittance of the quasi-resonant peak-current controlled flyback micro-inverters, harmonic interactions with a distorted grid can be effectively forecasted. Results obtained from modelling, analysis and verifications have shown that the proposed method is a simple and valid way of dealing with the harmonic quasi-resonance problems.


Omega−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential components required for normal cellular function and have been shown to exert many preventive and therapeutic actions. The amount of n−3 PUFAs is insufficient in most Western people, whereas the level of n−6 PUFAs is relatively too high, with an n−6/n−3 ratio of >18. These two classes of PUFAs are metabolically and functionally distinct and often have important opposing physiological functions; their balance is important for homeostasis and normal development. Elevating tissue concentrations of n−3 PUFAs in mammals relies on chronic dietary intake of fat rich in n−3 PUFAs, because mammalian cells lack enzymatic activities necessary either to synthesize the precursor of n−3 PUFAs or to convert n−6 to n−3 PUFAs. Here we report that adenovirus-mediated introduction of the Caenorhabditis elegans fat-1 gene encoding an n−3 fatty acid desaturase into mammalian cells can quickly and effectively elevate the cellular n−3 PUFA contents and dramatically balance the ratio of n−6/n−3 PUFAs. Heterologous expression of the fat-1 gene in rat cardiac myocytes rendered cells capable of converting various n−6 PUFAs to the corresponding n−3 PUFAs, and changed the n−6/n−3 ratio from about 15:1 to 1:1. In addition, an eicosanoid derived from n−6 PUFA (i.e., arachidonic acid) was reduced significantly in the transgenic cells. This study demonstrates an effective approach to modifying fatty acid composition of mammalian cells and also provides a basis for potential applications of this gene transfer in experimental and clinical settings.


The droop-based control schemes are widely used for power-sharing and control of the isolated microgrids. The conventional droop control scheme with inner current and voltage controllers can work effectively under ideal voltage. However, the existence of unbalance tends its performance to worsen. This paper aims to propose an enhanced droop control method to improve the power-sharing, and maintain the distributed generators' (DGs) terminal voltages and the system frequency under the balanced as well as unbalanced loads. The enhancements of the proposed control scheme include the droop controller, inner current and voltage controller, and virtual impedance loop. The proposed virtual impedance deals with the accurate sharing of powers in the case of unequal line impedance and the control of zero sequence current. Moreover, to enable the proposed control to compensate for the unbalance, three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverters are used to form a three-phase four-wire microgrid. With this control scheme, the voltage unbalance factors (VUFs) of the DGs' terminal voltages are reduced from 4% to less than 1%, negative sequence reactive powers, which are also an indication of unbalance, have been reduced significantly, and the system frequency is maintained within the standard permissible limit of 2.5%. Furthermore, a local load controller is also proposed to control the reactive loading of the DGs when they have local loads supplied from their terminals. The investigations have been carried out under simulation as well as lab-based environments to validate the efficacy of the proposed control method.


Transmission measurements in the nonsaturated or Urbach's region were done from room temperature up to 853 K. A strong change in reflectivity with temperature is reported.


Recently,Exchange rate and mechanism of RMB are focused widely in international economic affairs.The CFETS put forward eight kinds of foreign exchange instruments and introduced marker maker rule among foreign currency in May,2005,which became the sinfonia of testing market marker rule.This paper argues that market maker rule is in favor of improving the formation mechanism of exchange rate.However,market maker rule may produce some negative influence because of imperfect foreign exchange market.In order to spread the system some correlative measures must be solved.


Mixed-ligand [Pd(N)n(O)4–n]-type complexes constituting a long systematic series (n=0–4) were synthesized. Ammonia, ethylenediamine, rac-propylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, glycinate, β-alaninate, acetate, oxalate, and malonate were employed as ligands. Their magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and electronic absorption spectra were discussed together with the CD spectra of the corresponding optically active complexes. The results strongly suggest that the dispersion of MCD observed in the spin-allowed d-d region is primarily a composite of B terms. Moreover, the MCD in the charge transfer region was found to be qualitatively additive with respect to contributions by the constituent ligands. From a detailed examination of the spin-allowed d-d absorption bands, it is noted that the substitution of an N,O-ligand for an N,N-ligand largely affects neither the band area nor band width whereas that of an O,O-ligand for an N,O-ligand does.


From a structural point of view, the smallest macrocyclic oligoarylamine bearing the alternant ortho–para-linkage, tetraaza[14]o,p,o,p-cyclophane, can be considered as an intriguing compound: two para-phenylenediamine (para-PD) redox-active units are rigidly fixed in close proximity, being reminiscent of [2.2]para-cyclophane. The electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical and ESR spectroscopic studies revealed that the present overcrowded redox-active macrocycle increased its rigidity with increasing degree of oxidation with the assistance of complementary quantum chemical studies. In the radical cation of the macrocycle, very fast dynamic spin (or charge) transfer between the neutral and oxidized para-PD units via the ortho-phenylene π-bridges was observed in the measured temperature range, while the static spin-delocalization took place within a single para-PD unit.


ABSTRACT Internationally, the pursuit of social justice is core to social work and social work education. In Australia, since British colonization, Indigenous peoples have suffered significant human rights violations, oppression, and racial discrimination. Some key literature suggests that cultivating empathy can facilitate action to challenge human rights violations and reduce racism. Previous research with social work students at a regional Australian university had revealed least empathy for vignettes featuring cultural differences. A classroom-based inquiry in 2014 exploring barriers for students to take an activist stance for social justice extended that previous research. Here, those findings are further pondered in relation to advancing social work education for socially just practice.


The Gorlin-Goltz syndrome or Basal Cell Nevus is an ectodermic neoplasia, hereditary and autosomal dominantly by the mutation of PTCH1 genes in the 9q22 chromosome; PTCH2 gene 1p32 or the SUFU gene in 10q24-q25. It is a multi systemic rare disease with a prevalence of 1 in 57,000 to 150,000 people. It is characterized by the presence of multiple Basal Cell Nevus carcinomas, development of keratocystic odontogenic tumors, pits or palmoplantar dimples.


This research aims at investigating the needs for image media of "be a scientist" developed using Adobe Flash CS3 program containing the materials of the influence of religion and Islamic culture in Indonesia for learning History of grade X Vocational School and examining the feasibility of "be a Scientist" media developed using Adobe Flash CS3 program containing the materials of the influence of religion and Islamic culture in Indonesia which was developed to be used in the process of learning the history for grade X of Vocational school. This research employed Research and Development (R D) method. The product developed is in the form of "be a scientist" image media using Adobe Flash CS3 program that is appropriate for a learning resource in History subjects. The stages of research include: (1) the preliminary stage, (2) the planning stage of the model as the development of the initial product form, (3) the testing, evaluation and revision stages, and (4) the implementation stage or effectiveness test. Data were colected using FGD (Focus Group Discussion), questionnaires, interviews, observations, and documentation techniques. The validity of the instrument is achieved through expert judgement, while the validity of qualitative data is carried out using source triangulation techniques, theories and methods. Quantitative data analysis was performed using descriptive analysis techniques and qualitative data was carried out using an interactive models. The results show that: Adobe Flash CS 3 media images were needed in vocational schools for the development of history learning. The results of the assessment performed by the experts on material and media indicate that  "be a scientist" image media using Adobe Flash CS3 program for history learning in Vocational High Schools has a good level of feasibility. This shows that the  "be a Scientist" media using the Adobe Flash CS3 program contaiing the material of religious influence and Islamic culture in Indonesia is suitable for history learning in Vocational High Schools grade X.


Abstract The accuracy to which the vertical structure of tidal currents can be predicted is examined. Theoretical models for current structure are developed employing (a) a constant eddy viscosity E = e and (b) an eddy viscosity varying linearly with height above the sea bed z; E(z)=βz. By requiring these models to satisfy the commonly accepted quadratic friction law, the condition e>½k is deduced where k is the bed friction coefficient, W a representative velocity and D the depth. The sense of rotation of a current ellipse is shown to be related to the configuration of co-tidal charts. The vertical structure of the current ellipse is illustrated from the theoretical models and the sensitivity of this structure is examined for the following variables: (a) eddy viscosity e or βz, (b) the bed friction parameter kW, (c) rotation of the prescribed pressure gradients and (d) tidal period. While reasonable agreement between observed and calculated current profiles may often be reported, precise agreement is sho...


Back pain is a major healthcare problem in the United States. With medical reimbursements decreasing, any technique that will reduce costs and increase outcomes from physical therapy will benefit the 50% of the population with back pain. In the present investigation, 2 groups of male and female subjects were examined with non-specific low back pain and 2 groups were free of back pain. Subjects had back pain for at least


Hypothyroidism also known as underactive thyroid gland, where the gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormones to meet the demands of physical body. The thyroid gland is a small approximately two inches butterfly shaped gland, situated in the anterior aspect of the throat regulates the way the body uses its energy, including the way how one's heart beats. The normal functioning of this organ is very crucial for the metabolic homeostasis of the body. The rapid changes in the lifestyle and stressful life events are leading to the major disturbance of the normal metabolic functions of the human body, in Ayurveda the signs and symptoms of Hypothyroidism may be superficially compared to Atihraswa (dwarfism) and Atisthula (Obesity), but apart from this also, based on the other visible signs and symptomatology, the disease may be understood and treated accordingly. It is also can be considered as an Santarpanotta Vikara, since most of the Santarpanotta Vikara's share common etio-pathogenesis. The Panchakarma treatment is known for removing the morbidity deeply from the body, and restores metabolic homeostasis. With this approach the current study was designed to observe the efficacy of Nityananda Ras, which is indicated in the Shlipada Adhikara of Bhaishajya Ratnavali, in the management of HT, and also in comparison with Nasya Karma, since the nasal administration of medicine is the best root for the elimination of the diseases of Head and neck. This research has shown the Nityanand Ras, is found effective and in the Nasya with Jeerna Karakaruka Swarasa group patients the results were encouraging in comparing with Nityanand Ras.


Catalysts have been prepared and tested with the emphasis on understanding the role of catalyst support on the carbon-nitrogen bond scission reaction. Hydrodenitrogenation of quinoline has been studied using catalysts containing Ni-Mo on several different supports, such as alumina, fluorided alumina, magnesia and titania. Preliminary results from this study indicate that the nitrogen removal activity of titania-supported catalysts is significantly higher than those with alumina or magnesia supports. This difference in activity is probably due to a strong interaction between molybdenum and titania. The basic magnesium oxide catalyst shows very little hydrodenitrogenation activity when compared to an acidic support. Based on these results, we can speculate that the hydrogenolysis site may involve an acidic group adjacent to the transition metal ion on the surface of the catalyst and that the C-N bond scission reaction occurs via a Hoffman E-2 (..beta..-elimination) process. Batch reactions of phenothiazine and an equimolar mixture of dibenzothiophene and acridine in the presence of sulfided CoO-MoO/sub 3//..gamma..-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalyst were performed at 573/sup 0/K and 7000 kPa. Results show an increased rate of phenothiazine hydrodesulfurization (HDS) over that for dibenzothiophene. The presence of acridine inhibits HDS of dibenzothiophene. These results appear to be contradictory to amore » mechanism involving one-point sulfur site coordination, but can be explained in terms of a multipoint coordination of reactant Pi electrons with catalytic sites. A complete reaction network for the HDS and subsequent hydrodenitrogenation of phenothiazine is presented.« less


Abstract This paper provides bonus-malus systems which rest on different types of claims. Consistent estimators are given for some moments of the mixing distribution of a multi equation Poisson model with random effects. Bonus-malus coefficients are then obtained with the expected value principle, and from linear credibility predictors. Empirical results are presented for two types of claims, namely claims at fault and not at fault with respect to a third party.


Translating of Holy Qur'ān is not an easy task especially when it is translated into prose and poetry. Owing to the fact that, in this genre, not only translator is obliged to produce the nearest meaning of the original, additionally he has to focus on meter, rhythm and prosody too. Not withstanding the difficulties, number of subcontinent poets, famous and unknown, worked in this genre and converted Urdu translations of Holy Qur'ān into poetic form. Among them, Semāb Akbarbādī (d: 1951) is a prominent name as a laureate and acclaimed poet of his time, with an outstanding poetic and prose works. Poetic translation of Holy Qur'ān by Semāb Akbarbādī is titled 'Waḥī Manẓūm'. With the appearance of first part (para 30), in very short period of time, this poetic translation was acknowledged by religious scholars of that era and considered as a master piece of this genre. This translation, authored from 1944 to 1945, is an idiomatic, comprehensive and in Mat̲h̲nawī (poetic form) comprised on 971 pages. In this research article an attempt has made to analyze briefly, how authentic and exact meaning of Holy Qur'ān conveyed by 'Waḥī Manẓūm' (a poetic translation)? Furthermore, this research study inclusively examined the Semāb Akbarbādī work 'Waḥī Manẓūm' from poetic principles, aspects and elements like rhythm and meter. By taking deep insight into this work, it seems that author is failed to avoid some mistakes related to translation and other poetical aspects which are explained in this article.


In early modern Spain, bees inspired admiration for their exemplary sexual life since their supposedly asexual spontaneous generation made them models of chastity within the hive, an idealized masculine commune led by a king bee. However, bee imagery frequently appears in erotic literature and an astonishing number of Spanish texts on prostitution, including two of the most iconic, La Celestina (1499) and La Lozana andaluza (1528), which apply apiary metaphors to a female procuress. This article examines this seeming contradiction to argue that apiary metaphors applied to prostitution dehumanize the prostitute as an exemplary beast in the bestiary tradition.


This article explores how price linkages between carbon allowances and market fundamentals in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) vary over time. I adopt a multivariate GARCH model that allows the conditional correlation between carbon, energy and financial prices to change smoothly across regimes governed by functions of two transition variables that explain why price linkages vary. I use (i) time as transition variable to allow for structural changes associated with institutional advances in the EU ETS and (ii) implied volatility to account for heterogeneity in the behaviour of correlations in times of distress compared to calm periods. The results point to a new pricing regime with much closer carbon-energy price linkages in the second phase of the EU ETS. Furthermore, I find that correlations depend on market uncertainty conditions, which exposes the link between carbon and financial markets due to common macroeconomic shocks during the current financial crisis.


Psoriasis in some body parts can be challenging to treat. Psoriasis in the scalp, palms and soles, and intertriginous areas differ from disease on other body parts, and treatment regimens must be tailored to these areas. The presence of hair, along with the frequent, thick scale of psoriasis makes the scalp a challenge to treat. Skin in the body's intertriginous areas is often thin, limiting treatment options for inverse psoriasis. Finally, palmoplantar psoriasis is often resistant to topical therapies because of the thickness of the skin. Moreover, cosmetic acceptibilty of a topical medicine is important when treating these areas. Coal tar has been used to treat psoriasis for hundreds of years. In a novel foam vehicle, coal tar 2% is versatile and may be used to treat psoriasis even in challenging areas of the body, such as the scalp, intertriginous areas, and palms and soles.


The study was conducted during the 2007-2009 period in the experimental field of IMSA-Troyan. The aim was to determine the influence of the organic product alfalfa blend on the rate of growth of the sward from the birdsfoot trefoil. The organic preparation alfalfa blend was tested on a candidate variety of birdsfoot trefoil with the following factors and fertilizing rates: Factor A - dates of harvesting: а1 - budding stage, а2 - early flowering stage, Factor В - rates of fertilizing with leaf fertilizers: в0 - no fertilizing, в1 - leaf fertilizing at the dose of 1 l/ha, в2 - leaf fertilizing at the dose of 2 l/ha, в3 - leaf fertilizing at the dose of 3 l/ha. The birdsfoot trefoil treatment with an organic fertilizer as a cultivar factor exerted an effect on the height and morphological composition of the sward. As in the three years of study and on average over a significant influence on plant height was the stage of harvest than the dose of organic fertilizer. In flowering stage and during the three experimental years and three doses of the plants are higher than those harvested in the phase budding treated with the same doses. The strong positive correlation established between the height and the leaves (r = 0.5734) and low positive correlation between the leaves and the generative organs (r = 0.3370); between dry mass yield and the height (r = 0.2740) and the stems.


This work 1 presents a heuristic algorithm for optimizing the average total energy consumed by the ground-based nodes in data collection applications with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). For each cluster of nodes, the UAV is assumed to fly over at least one of them to collect data. In advance of each flight only the positions of the nodes are known to the UAV. After flying into communication range of any of the nodes in a cluster, it receives information about the remaining energy of each node. This knowledge is then used by the UAV to find which node to fly to. Essential criteria include the average energy consumption, flight distance for visiting the network, and the life-time of the network. In order to show the robustness of the algorithm, we compare the results to the following two cases: when the UAV is always flying to node closest to the cluster center or to least energy node of each cluster, respectively. Moreover, cooperative data relay is also applied in a compatible IEEE 802.11 hierarchal network for the nodes and the UAV. The simulation results show noticeable benefits of this cooperative data relay used in data collection, particularly with respect to the energy consumption and the longevity of the whole network of nodes.


Civil servants sometimes have illicit behaviours. The Civil Service (or the local government) can take the decision to bring a disciplinary action against them. If they are considered as guilty, their disciplinary responsability is instituted for disciplinary fault. The concept of the disciplinary fault isn'i widely known. Actually, the statutory definitions of the disciplinary fault don't allow to establih the scope of this concept. Confronted with the diversity of the acts commited by the civil servants, the Civil Service have been compelled to determine the area of this fault so as to institute lawfully their disciplinary responsability. It has thus clarified the scope of the disciplinary fault by assessing the acts committed by the civil servants. Because of the lawful vagueness of the disciplinary fault and its power of repression, the Civil Service is free to assess this fault. This freedom leads it to establish a field that consists of many disciplinary faults. . .


Aim. To study atorvastatin (10 and 20 mg/d) effects on lipid, C-reactive protein, and fibrinogen levels, vascular wall structure and function in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and primary hyperlipidemia (PHL). Material and methods. In total, 50 CHD and PHL patients were randomized into two stable-dose atorvastatin groups (10 or 20 mg/d) for 24 weeks. Atorvastatin effects on lipid levels, endothelial function, vascular wall distensibility and stiffness, as well as treatment tolerability, were examined. Results. Twenty-four-week atorvastatin therapy (10 or 20 mg/d) reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-CH) level by 34,9% and 43,9%, respectively (p<0,001). At baseline, vascular wall functional parameters did not differ significantly, reaching 7,2% and 6,4% for endothelium-dependent vasodilatation (EDVD), 21,3 and 18,7 10-3/kPa for vascular wall distensibility (DC) of common carotid artery (CCA); 8,0 and 9,1 Units for vascular wall stiffness (beta-index), respectively. Three-month therapy was associated with significant increase in EDVD – by 40,2% in 10 mg/d group, and by 51,3% in 20 mg/d group. After 24 weeks of the treatment, CCA distensibility increased by 45,3% (p<0,01) and 43,6% (p<0,01) in 10 and 20 mg/d groups, respectively. Vascular wall stiffness decreased by 23,4% (p=0,008) and 25,7% (p=0,002), respectively. There was no significant association between LDL-CH decrease and EDVD, distensibility or stiffness dynamics. During 24-week follow-up, 2 adverse events (4%), linked to atorvastatin therapy, were registered. Conclusion. In CHD and PHL patients, atorvastatin (10-20 mg/d) increased EDVD by 40-51%, CCA distensibility by 43-45%, reduced vascular wall stiffness by 23-26%, and was well tolerated.


The idea of Green Development is one of the Five development concepts which are purposed by the Central Committee of the China Communist Party on 18 Fifth Plenary Session. It is based on the new concept of economic sustainable development, the important instruction significance to China's economic and social development of all aspects. At present, The increasing China's energy resource constraints, ecological environment problems gradually emerge, and the pressure of energy structural adjustment, energy efficiency improvement, energy security further increase, traditional energy development based on fossil energy is difficult to continue, Green and low-carbon development Road must be taken. Distribution network is an important part and the terminal step to provide premium power services for the users. It undertakes the important functions and social responsibility to adopt hydro, solar, wind and other clean energy, and then deliver power safely and efficiently to the terminal users. It plays a crucial role in practicing the Green development concept, building clean, efficient and sustainable modern energy system. In this paper, the current development status and existing problems of the distribution network in China are reviewed, the influence of Green Development idea on the power supply reliability and power quality is analyzed. A series of methods and measures such as the enhancement of distribution network development quality, the acceleration of the transformation and upgrading of power distribution network are raised. In addition, the expectation of the future of China's distribution network research and development trend is presented, along with several suggestions to improve the power supply reliability and power quality ability of distribution network.


a From the Department of Pathology, and the Clinical Investigation Unit, Children's Hospital of Winnipeg, and Departments of Pathology and Surgery, University of Manitoba. b Supported by the Manitoba Heart Foundation. c Present address: Pathological Institute, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia. d Present address: Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario. In the evaluation of various procedures designed to protect the brain against hypoxic damage, an objective and, if possible, quantitative assessment of the brain damage is necessary. Further investigations of these problems are indicated, among other reasons, because of recent developments in cardiovascular and neurologic surgery which may be complicated by temporary or permanent brain damage. Since the dog has been the principal experimental animal in these fields, this animal was chosen for the present study. It is self-evident that certain types of human brain damage cannot be investigated in the dog, for instance, insults to higher centers. Changes of conditioned reflexes in the experimental animal following the procedure may provide evidence of some insult to the cerebral cortex, but this procedure was considered to be impractical in our laboratory. Certainly short-term survival with persistence of the vital functions, including food and water intake, does not indicate an absence of brain


A transformer-based notch filter is proposed in this article. The notch filter is integrated into a three-coil transformer in the matching network. While the primary coil and the secondary coil build a magnetically coupled resonator (MCR) and transfer the in-band signal to the next stage, the tertiary coil is coupled with the primary coil to absorb the interferers. Resonating with the switched capacitors, the notch frequency can be tuned digitally. A cross-coupled pair can further enhance the quality factor of the tank and, therefore, the rejection level. A low-noise amplifier (LNA) for Ku-band satellite communication with the proposed notch filter is implemented in 65-nm CMOS to verify the theory. The LNA achieves a measured power gain of 19.5 dB at 12.2 GHz with a −3-dB bandwidth of 9.2–12.7 GHz. The LNA can achieve 13.5-dB gain suppression at 13.9 GHz. The suppression level can be enhanced by tuning the quality factor of the active notch filter, which consumes up to 0.6 mW. The noise figure (NF) is 2.3 dB at 10.6 GHz and the NF is below 2.7 dB from 9.2 to 12.7 GHz. The input return loss is better than −15 dB from 8.8 to 18.5 GHz. The LNA consumes 5.9 mW from a 1-V supply. The whole chip occupies an area of 1000 $\times 800\,\,\mu \text{m}^{2}$ .


The orthogonal decomposition and low dimensional approximation of turbulent structures are investigated, and a pattern identification method based on orthogonal decomposition is suggested. Furthermore, theoretical and experimental results of orthogonal decomposition in jet flow, turbulent boundary layer and channel flow are also analyzed.


RESUME Mahmoud Kh. EL-SAYED a, Saad K. EL-WAKEEL a, Ahmed E. RIFAAT b a Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt. b Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt. Received 9/10/86, in revised from 23/7/87, accepted 2/9/87. The Western Harbour of Alexandria is the main trade harbour along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. Its basin receives about 6x 106 m3 d1 of untreated industrial (Chlor-alkali, cement, oil), agricultural and domestic wastes. The harbour sediments are highly contamined by various organic and inorganic contaminants. Heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Cd), nutrient components (C-N-P), organic carbon, sulphur and other chemical constituents were assessed in the harbour sediments and its surrounding shelf deposits. R-mode factor analysis was employed to classify the raw data objectively in order to interpret the different associations and interactions of the texturai and chemical parameters. Fine calcareous (51.8% by weight) deposits cover the harbour basin, these deposits are rich in organic carbon ( ~ 5.39%) and nitrogen ( ~ 1.4%), while phosphorous and sulphur average 0.03 and 0.36% respectively. Heavy metals are also high in these deposits, their average eoncentrations are as follows: 1.35% Fe, 345.106 %Cu, 274.106 %Mn, 232.106 %Zn and 25.106 %Cd. It is noticeable that the levels of these contaminants decrease in the harbour surroundings. Four factors explain 76% of the total variance in the harbour area, they are: organic factor, copper-magnesium factor, texturai factor and cadmium-nitrogen factor. Another four factors explain 85% of the total variance in the harbour approaches: texturai factor, magnesium-copper-nitrogen factor, cadmium factor and zinc-manganese-copper factor. Oceanol. Acta, 1988, 11, 1, 1-11. Analyse factorielle des sediments du port occidental d'Alexandrie, Egypte Alexandrie est le principal port de commerce de la cote mediterraneenne d'Egypte. Son bassin occidental recoit journellement 6.10 m3 de dechets non traites d'origine domestique, agricole et industrielle (alcalino-chlores, ciments, produits petroliers). Divers produits organiques et inorganiques polluent fortement les sediments du port. Ceux-ci et les depots du plateau continental environnant contiennent des metaux lourds (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu et Cd), des sels nutritifs (C-N-P), du carbone.organique, du sulfure et d'autres composes chimiques. Les donnees brutes ont ete classees objectivement par analyse factorielle en mode-R pour permettre d'interpreter les differentes associations et interactions entre la texture du sediment et les parametres chimiques. Le bassin portuaire est recouvert de fins depots calcaires (51,8% en poids) riches en carbone organique ("' 5,39 %) et en azote ("' 1,4 %), avec du phosphore (0,03 %) et du soufre (0,36 %). Les concentrations moyennes en metaux lourds y sont elevees: Fe (1,35%), Cu(345.106 %), Mn(274.106 %), Zn (232.106 %) et Cd(25.106 %). Les teneurs en polluants sont moindres autour du port. Dans la zone portuaire, quatre facteurs representent 76% de la variance totale: matiere organique, cuivre-magnesium, texture du sediment et cadmium-azote. Aux approches du port, quatre autres facteurs representent 85% de la variance totale: texture, magnesium-cuivre-azote, cadmium et zinc-manganese-cuivre. Oceanol. Acta, 1988, 11, 1, 1-11. ---------------------------------------0399-1784/88/01 01 11/$ 3.10/© Gauthier-Villars 1 M. K. EL-SAYED, S. K. EL-WAKEEL, A. E. RIFAAT


In infants with fever and bulging fontanelles, lumbar puncture is considered mandatory to rule out bacterial meningitis. To examine the etiology of


Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the cornerstone of management for patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (1-6). Anticoagulation is routinely administered during PCI in order to minimize the risk of thrombotic events. However, the choice of anticoagulation should be balanced with the risk of bleeding.


Native DNA was eluted from poly-L-lysine kieselguhr columns with a shallow gradient of NaCl DNAs rich in guanine and cytosine preceded those low in these bases in the elution, and DNAs of low molecular weight preceded those of high molecular weight. Calf-thymus DNA was fractionated to give preparations differing in buoyant density.


Abstract : An algorithm is proposed for determining optimal ways of scheduling multiple operations, each of which must be serviced by a number of resources simultaneously. The objective is to allocate the resources on a time-scale such that all the de sired operations may be completed in the minimum time possible. By means of a selective searching procedure, the algorithm in effect considers all possible allocations but in much less time than direct enumeration would entail. The result is an optimal schedule or time sequence for operations. The basic inputs to the algorithm are each operation's time requirements on each type of resource and a statement of the resources which the servicing system has available for allocation. The procedure is deterministic in the sense that the operational time requirements, which are in truth probabilistic, are assumed to be known exactly. The algorithm was developed as a possible means for scheduling operations on the Pacific Missile Range. In that context, the many operations and even greater number of resource types which must be considered necessitate the use of a large-scale digital computer to execute the algorithm.


Shelby Richmond remembered dates. Not birthdays or anniversaries; the good and the celebratory did not interest her. She went in for dates of despair. February 15the day her best friend slipped into a coma six years earlier. March 10 of the same yearthe day Shelby was signed into a psych ward because she had stopped talking. And June 2, the day she made herself speak again in order to escape all of that poking around in her head. After a great wide expanse of nothingness there came May 17 of this yearthe day Shelby and Ben Mink moved to Chelsea together. Ben dropped a book case on his foot and broke three bones and they wound up sitting at St. Vincent's er for so long someone came into their apartment and stole their tvactually Ben's tv, as Shelby owns nothing. Naturally, it was Shelby who forgot to lock the door. And of course, July 22yesterdaythe day she saw the white dogs in Union Square. Shelby was easily hauntedafter she saw things they often kept repeating behind her eyelids as if she was an emotional movie projector with the play button permanently switched on. That was probably why she was living in New York City with Ben Mink. She'd been haunted in their hometown, and although she figured she was a victim of space and location and time, it was pretty much the same thing here in the city. She'd walk around the streets being haunted by the smallest thingsome child would peer up at her from its stroller; some old woman wouldn't be able to step up on a curb. Shelby came home to their apartment on Nineteenth Street just as rattled as she'd been when she was living in her parents' basement. Sometimes she just took Ativan and went to bed. On good days, Ben would come back from pharmaceutical school and they'd smoke dope and order Chinese food delivered; if Shelby didn't look into the eyes of the delivery man, who seemed in some great and quiet pain, she'd be fine for the rest of the night.


(A final version of this paper is published in "International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences") We introduce a peridynamic (PD) model for simulating damage and fracture in porous materials based on an Intermediate Homogenization (IH) approach. In this approach, instead of explicitly representing the detailed pore geometry, we use homogenization but maintain some information about the microstructure (porosity) in the model. Porosity is introduced in the model as initial peridynamic damage, implemented by stochastically pre-breaking peridynamic bonds to match the desired porosity value. We validate the model for elastodynamics with wave propagation in porous glasses, where we match observed wave propagation speeds and the apparent elastic moduli for various porosities. The model is then used to study the fracture behavior of Berea sandstone under three-point bending loading conditions. We validate the model for fracture problems using the case of failure in a sandstone sample with an off-center pre-notch under three-point bending. The IH-PD results agree very well with experiments: we obtain different failure modes depending on the length of the off-center pre-notch. When the pre-notch is short, most damage (and the subsequent failure) happens in the center of the beam (largest tensile stresses in an un-notched sample). In this case, material porosity makes the fracture behavior "insensitive" to the presence of the off-center pre-notch. When the pre-notch is long, damage starts from near its tip, and progresses in mixed mode towards the loading point. The model captures the location of crack initiation to be the right-corner of the notch, exactly as shown by the experimental acoustic emission results. A fully-homogenized model for the porous sandstone fails to reproduce the failure mode sensitivity on the pre-notch length. The results show the importance of using the IH-PD model when trying to capture the important effects local heterogeneities (like pores) have on damage initiation and growth in porous materials.


We assessed the utility of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for improving surgical guidance of skin tumor resections. Our results from 34 patients show a high ability to discriminate between carcinoma and normal surrounding skin.


Learning outcomes
The learning outcome is that it will help to sustain your startups in the ever-changing business environment especially in the context of emerging markets.

Case overview/synopsis
The present case is about Dilkhush Kumar from village Bangaon, India who developed a cab booking platform "AryaGo", an innovative platform completely dedicated for rural road transport connectivity. AryaGo is the service line of Aryan Cabs and Rural Trans-solution Pvt. Ltd., a Startup founded in the year 2016 under Startup Bihar, a seed capital support scheme of State Government. The idea was to provide comfort, convenience, safety and affordability to all the commuters travelling from or within far-off villages. The biggest challenge during implementation in villages includes availability of updated geo-mapped images for app development and vehicle tracking. Company was foremost in providing the kiosk-based booking facility for its customers. It took the decision based on the profiling of customers and their preferred booking methods. When a customer booked a cab using IVR, they did not had access to app-based customer panel and hence they could not avail services such as, location tracking, SoS, real time tracking of vehicle. However, heavy invest in IT has put the company in financial stress and Kumar is wondering whether to expand fast or penetrate in the given target market. Should he re-design his business model so as it can really make a difference in terms of service delivery?

Complexity academic level
Post Graduate/ MBA.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email email@example.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing


This article present the Portuguese version of the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes antenatal questionnaire (Kumar, Robson, & Smith, 1984),


A diode-pumped alkali vapor laser (DPAL) is one of the most promising candidates of the next-generation high-powered laser source. As the saturated number density of alkali vapor is highly dependent on the temperature inside a vapor cell, the temperature distribution in the cross-section of a cell will greatly affect the homogeneity of a laser medium and the output characteristics of a DPAL. In this paper, we developed an algorithm based on the regime concluding quasi-Hilbert transform to evaluate the phase aberration of a wavefront when the probe beam passes through the vapor cell placed in one arm of a Mach–Zehnder interference setup. According to the theoretical algorithm, we deduced the temperature distribution of a cesium vapor cell for different heating conditions. The study is thought to be useful for development of a high-powered laser.


[Objective] The research aimed to summarized the research progress on chemical compositions and efficacy of Lonicera spp..[Method] Recently published papers were consulted.Based on the chemical constituents,pharmacological action and clinical application,the research progress of pharmaceutical plant of Lonicera spp.were summarized.[Result] The pharmaceutical plant of Lonicera spp.had many kinds of chemical constituent,such as volatileoil,flavone,organic acid,saponin and inorganic elements,and so on.Among them volatileoil was main active constituents.Lonicera spp.had many pharmacological actions,such as bacteriostasis,anti-virus,antifebrile,anti-inflammation,hepatic protective and choleresis,hemostasis,reducing blood lipid and antioxidation,and so on.[Conclusion] P1ants of Lonicera spp.have been proved to have pharmaceutical values.


Accurate soil information is critically important for forest management planning and operations but is challenging to map. Digital soil mapping (DSM) improves upon the limitations of conventional s...


It is generally accepted that if the content of asbestos, in bulk samples, is under the 0.1% w/w, then the material could be classified like a free asbestos material. The definition of zero level, or absence, of asbestos in bulk materials is strictly related to the sensitivity of the analytical technique used for the quantitative determinations: only microscopic analytical methods are able to quantify such low levels of asbestos contamination. In this work a SEM quantitative method for asbestos traces determination in bulk samples is carefully described and checked by analysing test mixtures of chrysotile and amosite.


Biometric data processing resting on sensor systems has been a growing field with a plethora of applications. However, to the best of our knowledge, a system of such kind based on random finite set theory and body sensor networks has not been developed and analyzed. For instance, there are many moments in basketball that when the game is either on the line or in a crucial situation, teams often succumb to pressure and this manifests itself in poor shot attempts, turnovers, and shot-clock violations. The severe movement of players introduces a fast changing channel that affects data transmission of body sensors. Data may be lost at the receiving side due to degenerated channel conditions. In this paper, we describe a system used to monitor stress and exhaustion of game (e.g. basketball) players in realtime during a game. Stress and exhaustion will be quantified and encapsulated within an equation that symbolizes player "readiness" and will include factors such as player talent, and player importance. Furthermore, a formal Bayesian toolkit, namely Random Finite Set Theory, is considered and enabled to process biometric data. Here 'data' is a generalized concept that encompasses 'empty state' indicating failed data reception. Using this system, a coach can decide to alter his strategy, personnel and the game flow based on the individual readiness of his players. A coach will receive these metrics from the sensors on the players' themselves wirelessly transmitted.


Tokyu operates 8 railway lines, total length of which is about 100km. The lines have been famed in extreme congestion in peak time and especially the Toyoko and Den-en-toshi lines. To cope with the matter, Tokyu started renovation projects. The main feature of the projects was the networking of railway lines by renovating not the two major lines directly but the less densely congested lines existing on the routes. This was quite unique ideas. This article is the description of the projects.


Purpose of reviewA nongenomic action that does not directly and initially influence gene expression but rather causes a rapid effect such as activation of signaling cascades, has been recently described. The involvement of a thyroid hormone receptor, however, is not clear. In this review, we focus on the recent advances made in our understanding of the mechanism concerning a thyroid hormone receptor-mediated nongenomic action of thyroid hormone. Recent findingsIt was recently reported that thyroid hormone induces the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3OH-kinase which generates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate, leading to the activation of the downstream signaling molecules such as protein kinase B. This nongenomic action of thyroid hormone requires binding with the thyroid hormone receptor. Moreover, the interaction between the thyroid hormone receptor and the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3OH-kinase, p85α, was demonstrated in human skin fibroblasts, thyroid tissue extracts and a rat pituitary cell line GH4C1. SummaryThe phosphatidylinositol 3OH-kinase pathway plays critical roles in cell survival and differentiation through regulating enormous downstream molecules. Understanding of the thyroid hormone action on this pathway will provide a new insight into the physiological and pathological roles played by thyroid hormone.


In this paper, we study the vehicular behavior in which a vehicle changes from the first lane to the second lane on a two-lane highway. The incoming vehicle may collide with the adjacent vehicles from the incoming position due to the inappropriate vehicular velocity and headway. An intelligent control strategy with consideration of the information of the incoming vehicle is proposed to reduce the collision of lane changing, and the effectiveness of the new design is verified by drawing the dynamic safety-collision region maps of the simulations. The effects of the strategy's coverage on lane changing collision are also studied with the finding that the expanding of the safety region of lane changing is limited by extending the coverage of the proposed strategy. Furthermore, the strategy is extended to add pre-warning mechanism, and the effects of the pre-warning mechanism on lane changing collision are obtained by drawing the safety-collision region maps. It is concluded that the collision region of the lane changing shrinks with the adding of the pre-warning mechanism. The coverage of the extended strategy is also spread from one vehicle to more vehicles and we get the same result as the strategy without adding the pre-warning mechanism.


The high concentration of pesticide residues existing in vegetation, crops, and various edible products and the prolonged exposure to them can harm human life and contribute to the disappearance of honey bees, and several avian and animal species. The honey bees (Apis mellifera), which are efficient pollinators in addition to honey producers, are also considered important non-target test species for the terrestrial toxicity assessment of chemicals. In this context, using thiacloprid and acetamiprid as queries, we performed a 3D similarity search to select new potential products with less harmful effects against bees. For a similarity search, a small dataset of 302 compounds with pesticide activity, compiled from the literature, was used. The first 10 compounds were selected and structurally analyzed according to the TanimotoCombo metrics, and compared with each of these two queries, which is known to be effective, easily metabolized, and less toxic for bees. This approach came as a forward step in the research of pesticide ecotoxicological risk assessment for the evaluation of their potential impact on the pollinator insects and the environment.


The invention discloses a method and a device for providing information for users in multi-device environment. The method mainly comprises the following steps: acquiring the subscriber information subscribed by user equipment; acquiring information of other user equipment bound to the same user with the user equipment; and respectively sending the subscriber information for the user equipment andother user equipment. The subscriber information can be the presentation information in a presentation service. By utilizing the invention, the condition that the other equipment bound by the user can obtain the above subscriber information can be realized after certain equipment of the user subscribes the subscriber information, such as presentation information and the like, and the distributionof the subscriber information is effectively and rapidly realized by one-time subscription request in multi-equipment environment.


With the rapid development of large-scale renewable energy sources and HVDC grid, it is a promising option to connect the renewable energy sources to the HVDC grid with a pure dc system, in which high-power high-voltage step-up dc-dc converters are the key equipment to transmit the electrical energy. This paper proposes a resonant converter which is suitable for grid-connected renewable energy sources. The converter can achieve high voltage gain using an LC parallel resonant tank. It is characterized by zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) turn-on and nearly ZVS turn-off of main switches as well as zero-current-switching turn-off of rectifier diodes; moreover, the equivalent voltage stress of the semiconductor devices is lower than other resonant step-up converters. The operation principle of the converter and its resonant parameter selection is presented in this paper. The operation principle of the proposed converter has been successfully verified by simulation and experimental results.


This study examines the direct training of teachers in problem-solving skills and its effects on their performance in a consultation-related activity. Thirteen elementary-school teachers participated in a training program that focused on development of problem identification skills and utilization of an ecological perspective to view problems. Six additional teachers served as a control group. The results suggest that the training enhanced teachers' skills in describing problems and reduced the number of inferences they made for the causes of student-related problems. Methodological strengths and limitations of the study are discussed.


"Actually the destruction of superconductivity by a current takes place in some finite region of the value of I near I,,and is due to the appearance of the resistive state, i.e., to the gradual restoration of the normal resistance. This process can not be described within the simple Ginzberg-Landau thermodynamic theory. "Relation (1 1) can be obtained also directly from (7) and (8) by using the explicit solutions1' for the potentials A (r) and A,(r). The corresponding calculation is given in the Appendix. "It can be shown that at this point f j > 0, i.e., we have an inflection point. Since it is clear that the inflection point must be located at f> 0, where f-@,(Ho, I) Qn(H0. I) [see (9)], it follows that this point is obviously in the region of metastability of the superconducting state. It can be verified that it is necessary in this case to put c, > 0 in (9).


The resource allocation process and time sequence of resource requests in MAC protocol for multimedia satcom are analyzed systematically.Then,considering the long transmission delay between GEO satellite and earth,a resource request estimation algorithm based on traffic prediction is proposed to make up for the traffic deficiency in existing algorithms which are lagging far behind the increasing traffic.Introducing the recording operator into the algorithm to record the resource requests and relevant distribution so as to improve the bandwidth allocation efficiency,the algorithm can decrease the number of request signaling messages to shorten the response time for the request for network resource.LMS(least mean square) prediction is applied to predicting the network traffic so as to weaken the adverse effect of time delay due to long satellite link on request for network resources.The simulation results showed that the algorithm proposed is greatly superior to other existing resource request algorithms in the adaptability under conditions of high loadability and long peak transmission time.


The paper presents a case of Reiter's syndrome, observed for the first time at the Department of Urology of Ankara Medical School.


To the Editor.— Maull et al 1 recently focused on the culprit of preventable carnage on our highways, the drunken injured driver, and the surprising and deplorable lack of citation and conviction for driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI). Our findings (A.B., J.W., unpublished data, December 1983 to February 1984) 2 confirm theirs. There is a powerful array of forces, legal and personal, that interdicts the implementation of strong laws against DUI. Those forces, bizarrely, act to protect the intoxicated driver instead of society. In our study, 25 consecutive injured drivers, brought to the hospital by ambulance and suspected of intoxication by breath alcohol odor, had blood alcohol levels drawn whether or not they were admitted. Twenty-four (97%) of the 25 patients had blood alcohol levels of more than 100 mg/dL, the legal level of intoxication. Two thirds of the drivers had more than double that level.


We consider the problem of designing risk-sensitive optimal control policies for scheduling packet transmissions in a stochastic wireless network. A single client is connected to an access point (AP) through a wireless channel. Packet transmission incurs a cost C, while packet delivery yields a reward of R units. The client maintains a finite buffer of size B, and a penalty of L units is imposed upon packet loss which occurs due to buffer overflow. We show that the risk-sensitive optimal control policy for such a simple set-up is of threshold type, i.e., it is optimal to carry out packet transmissions only when Q(t), i.e., the queue length at time t exceeds a certain threshold t. It is also shown that the value of the threshold t increases upon increasing the cost per unit packet transmission C. Furthermore, it is also shown that a threshold policy with threshold equal to t is optimal for a set of problems in which cost C lies within an interval [Cl, Cu]. Equations that need to be solved in order to obtain C¡, Cu are also provided.


Good quality lead-free ceramics of Na0.5K0.5NbO3, Na0.5K0.5(Nb0.94Sb0.06)O3 and Na0.5K0.5(Nb0.94Sb0.06)O3 +0.5mol%MnO2 have been produced by a solid phase hot pressing sintering process at 1120–1145°C. The dependence of dielectric and ferroelectric properties on the uniaxial pressure (0–3000 bar) of the these samples was investigated, revealing a significant influence of the external stress on their properties. This includes a shift of the phase transition, a diffuseness of the permittivity characteristics, a change of the dielectric dispersion and a decrease of the polarization. We discuss our results based on hardening of the soft-mode and domain switching processes under applying of pressure.


Purpose: Despite the economic importance of rural transportation, it is often being neglected. This study is aimed at identifying the challenges of rural transportation in the Soba Local Government Area to recommend measures for tackling them. Research methodology: Both interview and observation methods were applied in data collection and purposive sampling was adopted in choosing rural areas covered by the study. However, 140 interviewees were asked from five areas chosen. The interviewees were transporters, commuters and other stakeholders in rural transportation. Descriptive and inferential techniques were used in data analysis. Results: The results revealed that road conditions were in a deplorable state, about 39% of interviewees considered them bad and only 25% said they were good. About 43% of the interviewees said transport fare was expensive. About 41% of vehicles used were in bad shape, 84% of the interviewees said passengers often spend more than 30 minutes to get a vehicle. The result also showed that there was a significant relationship between good transportation network and economic development. Limitations: The scope of the study should have been wider to cover the whole eleven political wards of the local government area. The sampling method used might not necessarily give a true reflection of what happens. Contribution: Rural transport contributes immensely to the development of the world. It creates jobs, access to markets and infrastructure. This study is consistent with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) goal 9 and 11. Which are aimed at building resilient infrastructure and settlements. Keywords: Local, Government, Area, Rural, Transportation


Abstract Problem, research strategy, and findings A growing number of planning researchers and practitioners argue for a shift from mobility-centered transportation planning to an accessibility-focused one. Accessibility is a compelling concept that has proven more difficult to operationalize than mobility, which helps to explain why so many accessibility metrics have been developed for urban research and planning practice. To assess the state of these metrics, we reviewed 54 of them in light of their theoretical basis, data requirements, units of analysis, travel modes and trip purposes accounted for, and potential applications to planning practice. We also reviewed the substantial literature on accessibility measurement and interviewed planning practitioners who are applying accessibility metrics in practice. We find that accessibility theory and measurement has advanced more rapidly than applications in practice. However, a new generation of tools is emerging that may accelerate the move to accessibility planning. Although many of the measures focus on a single travel mode, the number of multimodal metrics is growing. Most of the measures are designed for regional-scale planning and scenario evaluation; only a few to date are intended for project evaluation. Takeaway for practice The 54 accessibility metrics and tools we reviewed vary widely and none stands out as obviously superior for planning practice. Although most calculate the accessibility of places, and many do so reasonably well, we see the most promise in measures of the accessibility of travelers, which can then be aggregated for place-based analyses while still shedding light on how access can vary substantially across different types of travelers. The principal challenge to broadly deploying accessibility analyses in practice in the years ahead is in developing measures that meaningfully measure the many salient dimensions of access, have manageable data requirements, and are understandable to planners, public officials, and community members.


He suffered from stiffness of the left side of the neck for 24 years. A lump appeared just below and behind the left angle of the jaw 2 years before. This steadily increased in size and gave rise to neuralgic pains. On admission to hospital, on March 18, 1897, the patient weighed 15 stone, and had a round elastic swelling on the left side of the neck reaching from the angle of the jaw to within 1 in. of the clavicle. It was situated beneath the sterno-mastoid muscle, and more than half of it projected into the posterior triangle of the neck. It was perfectly circumscribed, slightly irregular on the surface, and moved fairly freely over the deep structures of the neck. It appeared to be distinct from the parotid, submaxillary, and thyroid glands. There was no difficulty in swallowing or breathing, no nerve paralysis, and no hoarseness. Nothing abnormal was found in the mouth, fauces, or larynx. The tumour was removed on March 22, 1897. The tumour lay beneath the sterno-mastoid muscle and the great vessels of the neck. Its distinctness from the parotid, snbmaxillary, and thyroid glands was confirmed. It shelled out freely, although there was considerable hemorrhage. After removal the ssophagus and sympathetic cord lay exposed in the head of the tumour. The patient was discharged on April 24. The tumour recurred in October 1897. H e was readmitted to hospital, when a tumour was found below the scar of about the same size as the primary growth. A second operation was performed, but owing to its firm attachment and severe hemorrhage it could not be completely removed. The tumour removed on this occasion weighed 1 lb. 3 02. The wound never healed. The tumour reappeared directly after the patient left hospital, and at the time of his death in February 1898 it was the size of a Jaffa orange. Jus t before death an oesophageal fistula formed, and the patient was emaciated to a skeleton. An autopsy was unfortunately not made to determine the existence of secondary growths. The specimen is from a man, set. 43.


The determination of trace cesium in aqueous solution by nonflame atomic fluorescence spectroscopy using dye laser excitation is reported. Using a nonflame atomization system and direct‐line fluorescence detection, the limit of detection was found to be 1.2 pg in a 20‐pg/ml sample solution.


Shortened product life-cycles decreases the output rate of manufacturing systems as the introduction of new products into the manufacturing system becomes more frequent. Improvements of the development process of manufacturing systems are needed to increase the output. Information handling and development of control programs based on information reuse are two of the most important improvement areas. These areas, among other things, can be a support for offline verification, which promises to directly increase the output rate due to shortening product introduction times. This paper deals with two problems of the many connected to enabling offline verification. First, a general control program structure, adapted to information reuse, is needed and secondly, the information necessary to generate the control programs needs to be defined. A method is proposed where information from the mechanical design of a cell, from the product, and from manual simulation are reused and automatically converted into control programs that schedule the work in a collision-free, deadlock-free and time-optimized way. The correctness of the generated programs is guaranteed by use of formal methods, simulation and an uncorrupted conversion of specifications into control programs.


Microstructure evolution and static recrystallization kinetics of a magnesium AZ31 alloy during annealing have been investigated. The Mg alloy sheets were rolled at 100°C at a low rolling speed of 15m/min and a high rolling speed of 1000m/min to reductions of 8%, 23% and 30%. Annealing was then conducted on the as-rolled specimens at 200°C for different times. The microstructure was characterized by optical microscopy and recrystallization kinetics were evaluated by means of Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) model. The softening behavior was found to be divided into two annealing stages. The first stage was related to the recrystallization on high stored energy regions, such as shear bands and twins, while the second stage was associated to the recrystallization of low stored energy areas.


3D PTV (Particle Tracking Velocimetry), as introduced in the early nineties relies on a triangulation procedure using epipolar lines to deduce the
volumetric particle distribution on each evaluated time-step. This procedure is well suited only for the processing of images with a low particle image density.
The Shake-The-Box (STB) method overcomes the limitations in particle
image density for particle position based 3D methods, by heavily incorporating the temporal domain into the reconstruction process and by applying advanced triangulation algorithms


1. The Upper Class: Honour and Wealth 2. The Middle Class (I) 3. The Middle Class (II) 4. The Working Class (I) 5. The Working Class (II) 6. Education and Mobility 7. Religion and Belief 8. Sexuality and Morality 9. The Sporting Life 10. Music for the People 11. The Cinema and the English 12. Listening In 13. The Community of Language 14. Conclusion Bibliography Index


This dataset represents the boundary of a proposed 20 mile viewshed protection area from the perspective of the proposed Assateague Island Federal Wilderness Area. The 20 mile buffer has been truncated at its northern extent to reflect existing viewshed impairment associated with Ocean City, Maryland.


This report summarizes the outcome results of the Patterns of Care Study (PCS) of cancer of the uterine cervix from 565 patients treated in 1978. the 5‐year survival with no evidence of disease was: Stage I, 74%; Stage II, 56%; and Stage III, 33%. the 5‐year local in‐field failure rate was: Stage I, 12%; Stage II, 27%; and Stage III, 51%. Extent of parametrial involvement, unilateral versus bilateral, may be important in determining survival and local failure. the four‐year actuarial survival was 58% for unilateral involvement versus 47% for bilateral (P = 0.06), and the local failure rate was 32% for unilateral versus 45% for bilateral (P < 0.05). When analyzed by stage, patients with Stage IIb disease with unilateral parametrial involvement showed a trend toward improved survival and decreased local failure compared with those with bilateral Stage IIb cancers (P = 0.1). the use of intracavitary irradiation significantly improved survival and reduced local failures. Furthermore, the number of intracavitary applications was important. When two or more intracavitary applications were used compared with one application, local in‐field failure was significantly reduced, 29% versus 17% at 4 years (P < 0.001), and four‐year survival was improved, 60% versus 73% (P = 0.01). the four‐year actuarial rate of major complications depended on the stage: Stage I, 8%; Stage II, 15%; and Stage III, 13%. There was a statistically significant increase in major complications in patients undergoing laparotomy for staging versus no laparotomy 23% versus 11% at 4 years (P < 0.01) and a trend toward increased major complications in patients who were thin or had prior abdominal surgery. This study confirmed the stage‐dependent outcome of treatment of cancer of the uterine cervix with radiation and indicated that further division of Stage IIb to indicate prognostic significance of unilateral or bilateral parametrial involvement may be warranted. This study also confirmed the importance of intracavitary radiation in optimizing control established by the 1973 PCS. It further suggests that where possible, two intracavitary insertions may yield better results than one insertion.


The product ISA (Initialisation and Support Application), is a real time system which provides the soft functionality for the Node Support Computer of the ICL SX Node. Its main functions are control of initial program load, error management of fatal node hardware and software failures, support of in-line recovered node failure, support of remote diagnostic access to the node and support of 'ancillary' units (e.g. Power Control System). A requirement of the ISA Project was to improve productivity and delivered product quality from that achieved with the earlier equivalent products. To meet this requirement decisions were made to put increased emphasis on the analysis and design phases, to introduce a design methodology and to introduce design support tools. It was decided that the ISA Project should adopt an established and proven methodology. The authors discuss the adoption of the Ward and Mellor Methodology which is based on the Yourdon Systems Analysis and Design Technique.<
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The Cambrian strata of the North-west Highlands extend as a narrow belt from Durness and Eriboll in Sutherlandshire to the district of Sleat in Skye. They consist of a basement quartzite, a middle group of shale, dolomites and grits; the Fucoid beds and Serpulite Grit, and upper group of dolomites, limestones and cherts — the "Durness Limestone." These were evidently deposited along the shore of the gently-sloping land-area which lay towards the north, and which gradually subsided, the "Durness limestone" bearing evidence of having been deposited in clear water free from land-borne sediment. Their contained fossils are markedly American in facies, unlike those in rocks of corresponding age in England and Wales, Scandinavia, Russia, Bohemia, France, Spain and Sardinia. From these facts it was inferred that in Cambrian times there had been free migration of species along the shore-line of a continent lying across what is now the North Atlantic Ocean to Arctic Europe; and that clear deep sea, and not a land barrier, prevented their migration into the other European areas. The position of this sea is indicated by the radiolarian cherts which occur in the Arenig rocks of the southern uplands and the Highland border. If these inferences are correct, then the plication and metamorphism of the Central Highland rocks is post-Cambrian in date. This supposition is strengthened by the fact that the "Durness Limestone," the upper members of which contained an Upper Cambrian or Ordovician fauna, and the radiolarian cherts, presumably of Arenig age, are respectively involved This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract


Diabetic Retinopathy is the result of vascular issues in the retina. This leads to bleeding and fluid buildup in the retinal tissue. In addition the decrease in oxygen that occurs in certain situations can lead to swelling and edema. If untreated scarring and retinal detachment can occur leading to vision loss. Diabetic Cataracts can result from fluctuations in blood glucose. Like age related cataracts they can reduce vision and in some cases need to be surgically removed. Unlike age related cataracts, the onset is not dependent on age. Refractive (Vision) shifts are another effect of elevated blood sugar. These dramatic changes in eye focus are most often temporary. The duration of these changes are dependent upon the degree to which the blood sugar rises. Increased risk of infection occurs in diabetics due to decreased immune responses and healing rates. Diabetics should be especially careful with red or irritated eyes as infections may not cause them the same amount of discomfort as other patients and may be significantly more difficult to treat. Increased risk of other ocular disease such as glaucoma, macular degeneration and eye muscle conditions.


CVJ tuberculosis is a rare entity that requires urgent management. Symptoms and signs may vary such as mild neck pain, torticollis, and partial to complete paralysis of all four limbs. Timely tissue diagnosis, immobilization of neck, decompression of CVJ and stabilization are the mainstay in the management of TB in this area.


Based on established short pulse lasers with an output wavelength around 1 μm optical parametric frequency converters open up the spectral range between 1.4 and 4.0 μm for the first time in a power range of interest to laser material processing. The systems can be flexibly adapted as regards wavelength, pulse parameters and spectral properties to the requirements of various applications. We will discuss technical implementation and characterization of different optical parametric generators (OPG) based on periodically poled Lithium Niobate (PPLN) to show the parameter flexibility of this approach as well as current technical limits. Actual design examples will address output wavelengths between 1.6 μm and 3.4 μm with output powers ranging from several watts to tens of watts. The pulse parameters of these lasers range from a pulse duration of 9 ps with a repetition rate of 86 MHz to 1.5 ns and 100 kHz. The spectral bandwidth of the OPG examined can be very large. In particular, spectral bandwidths of about 100 nm are measured at the degenerated point, where the output wavelength is equal to twice the pump wavelength. Even beyond this point, a spectrum of typically a few tens of nanometers width generally accompanies a large conversion efficiency (>50 %). For applications that require a narrower spectrum, the OPG can be operated in a seeded mode, where only a few milliwatts of power from a continuously emitting laser diode are sufficient to seed a pulsed high power OPG efficiently and reduce the bandwidth to few nanometers.


Abstract: Three annexins‐p68, endonexin, and p32‐have been isolated from porcine brain using their calcium‐dependent affinity for membranes. Large amounts (20‐50 mg/kg of tissue) of p68 and p32 can be isolated from cerebrum and cerebellum. The p68 is present as up to 0.3% of total porcine brain protein. The p68 and p32 from porcine brain bind to phosphatidic acid (half‐maximal binding at 6 and 34 μM free calcium, respectively) and to phosphatidylserine (8 and 34 μM, respectively). They do not bind to phosphatidylcholine at calcium concentrations up to 1 mM. Two other major proteins (Mr 180,000 and Mr 76,000) were isolated with the annexins in a calcium‐dependent manner but do not bind to phospholipids. The 180‐kilodalton protein is the heavy chain of clathrin. From immunohistochemical studies, p68 is strongly associated with the plasma membranes of Purkinje cell bodies and dendrites in porcine cerebellum. It is also an intracellular component of Purkinje cells localized to perinuclear structures. Staining of axons in the white matter and granule cell layer was also seen. In contrast, p32 is completely absent from Purkinje cells and their dendrites; it is predominantly located in the molecular layer and in white matter of the cerebellar folds. The distribution of p32 may be consistent with a predominantly glial localization.


In the paper, we present a preliminary design of the Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum (RSFQ) subsystem of a petaflops-scale computer, which is being developed in Stony Brook within the framework of the JPL-led Hybrid Technology Multithreaded (HTMT) project. The goal of the project is to develop a multithreaded computer architecture that would utilize novel electronic and optoelectronic technologies to achieve petaflops-scale performance. The concept HTMT system has a hierarchical organization with multiple levels of processors, memory and switching networks. Its RSFQ subsystem operates at the temperature of liquid


We present a segmentation algorithm of forward-looking infrared (FLIR) images, which incorporates the model-based segmentation of FLIR images and multiresolution image processing technique. This algorithm can obtain a precise and accurate segmentation of a target, while accelerating the speed of convergence and reducing the influence of background greatly. The simulation experiments with FLIR tank images prove the effectiveness of the algorithm.


A system is disclosed that includes a breathing apparatus, a touch screen unit and a processing unit. A first content (30) is displayed at a first screen location (30) of the touch screen. Upon a user input, comprising a gesture (35) of one or more gestures, at the first screen location (31), a second content related to the first content (30) is selected and displayed in dependence of the gesture (35) and the first content (30). The first content (30) is free of an indication of the second content, such as an indication comprised in the list of an icon, soft-button or a menu configured to activate the second content upon user selection on the touch screen.


The lack of power experienced by medical professionals working in various sport settings has been consistently evidenced by sociologists researching the provision of medical care to athletes. In this paper, which focuses on the work of medical professionals within unregulated combat sports in England, we extend this discussion by focusing on the means by which such professionals attempt to (re)construct power within contexts where it cannot be taken for granted. To explore this issue, we conducted 200 hours of observational fieldwork at competitive combat sports events, along with interviews with 25 medical professionals with experience in this field, 7 combat sports referees and 9 event promoters and their staff. Employing the concept of power as 'intersubjective accomplishment', we argue that the influence necessary for medical professionals to undertake their work must be actively won within specific situations, principally relying on their ability to tactically interact with various other people. In so doing, we evidence both successes and failures of medical staff in this respect, arguing that such informal means of securing power make caring for the health of combat athletes a challenging proposition.


One particular dream that has withstood the reality of waking history is about 'a government of laws, not men'. Although this constitutional vision is predominantly American, it has retained a firm grip on the Canadian popular and legal imagination; it has been a major source of governmental authority and legitimacy. There is a long-standing belief in the United States and in Canada, especially in these post-Charter years, that Law is more than the sum total of extant laws: it is felt to be the expression and repository of a political wisdom that transcends the bounds of its temporary articulation. Democratic law-making cannot be left entirely to its own promptings, but must be judged by its willingness to conform to the dictates of a higher law. Whereas Reason and Natural Right used to hold considerable sway, recent sightings of these transcendent authorities are of a more specific and prosaic nature. Recognising that, whatever else it might be, law is a human activity, contemporary legal theorists strive to explain and justify the delicate (and elusive) relation between law's immanence the idea of law as the rational embodiment of an indwelling necessity and law's instrumentality – the practice of using law as a democratic tool for social engineering.


The master thesis discusses the impact of collegial cooperation of pre-school teachers as a factor influencing professional development of individuals and the entire organization. The theoretical part of the thesis explains the professional development of pre-school teachers through different models and stages of development. It defines factors that influence the development. It particularly emphasizes the concept of kindergarten as a learning organization, which is affected by the climate and culture of the institution. The last section of the theoretical part focuses on the pre-school teacher as an active individual with specific skills. Those skills are strongly influenced by the processes of collegial cooperation and learning at different levels. In the empirical part of the thesis, we present the results of the research combining qualitative and quantitative research. The research was carried out on a sample of pre-school teachers and their assistants working in the departments of public kindergartens in Slovenia. The results are presented through three main sets of research questions. The first set is based on collegial cooperation of pre-school teachers within the kindergartens, where they work. The second set is based on collegial cooperation of pre-school teachers between kindergartens in Slovenia, and the last one is based on international collegial cooperation of pre-school teachers.


Anger is part of working in a team, as is dealing with its frustrations and conflicts. The cooperative–competitive approach to conflict suggests that how open–mindedly the anger incident is discussed impacts on its dynamics and outcomes. Results from critical incident interviews of organization members in Hong Kong clarify how team members can manage their anger. Structural equation and other analyses suggest that open–minded discussion of the anger–inducing incident promotes productivity and strengthens relationships; thereby developing commitment and a belief that team members are resourceful. These constructive dynamics and outcomes were found to occur when team members had co–operative but not competitive nor independent goals. Results were interpreted as suggesting that even in a society where collectivist and conflict–negative values are influential, anger can be managed constructively through an open–minded discussion of the incident.


Objective To evaluate global left ventricular(LV) strain of patients with chronic renal failure(CRF) by three-dimensional speckle tracking imaging(3D-STI) and discuss the possible association between global peak strain and ejection fraction of LV.Methods The study includes 22 patients in the renal failure period,25 patients with uremia (pre-dialysis),and 20 healthy controls.Global peak longitudinal strain (GPSL),global peak area strain(GPSA) and global peak radial strain(GPSR) were measured by 3D-STI.Then possible association between GPSL,GPSA,GPSR and LVEF were discussed by the Pearson correlation analysis.Results The GPSL,GPSA,GPSR were statistically different in the control group,patients in the renal failure period and patients with uremia.There were significant differences between groups(F =13.28,4.65,4.68,P < 0.01) as following,all of GPSL,GPSA,GPSR were lower in uremia group compared with control group [q =7.48(GPSL),4.19(GPSA),4.72(GPSR),P <0.01],GPSL was lower in renal failure group compared with control group [q =4.9 (GPSL),P <0.01].The Pearson correlation analysis revealed GPSL,GPSA,GPSR were strongly associated with LVEF(r =-0.679,-0.781,0.719,P <0.01).Conclusions In patients with CRF,the global peak strain can reveal the systolic function of left ventricle and the global peak longitudinal strain can recognize systolic dysfunction more sensitively.

Key words:
Echocardiography, three-dimensional;  Kidney failure, chronic ;  Ventricular function, left;  Speckle tracking imaging