Vertical transmission from mother to infant is the primary mode for the spread of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the pediatric population. AZT, the nucleoside analogue, is offered to most HIV-1-positive pregnant women in the United States and is currently the only drug approved to prevent viral transmission (Mofenson, '98). A highly successful approach to lowering the HIV-1 transmission rate by threeto fourfold in clinical trials includes a combination of oral AZT starting at 14 weeks of pregnancy, infusion of drug during labor and delivery, and oral administration of AZT to the newborn during the first 6 weeks of life (Sperling et al., '96). Only 5% of the infants born to the approximately 7,000 HIV1-positive women who become pregnant yearly in the United States are HIV-1 positive, in part, because most are given AZT therapy. Therefore, most AZT-exposed children are uninfected and are likely to have a normal life span, with time for the appearance of any potential long-term consequences of the transplacental AZT exposure. AZT is weakly carcinogenic in adult mice exposed orally for a lifetime (Ayers et al., '96), but AZT is a moderately strong dose-dependent carcinogen in mice exposed in utero or as neonates during the first 2 weeks of life (Ayers et al., '97). Given at tumorigenic doses transplacentally, AZT has been shown to be incorporated into organ DNA of newborn mice. In addition, newborn monkeys administered AZT at doses 20% of the human daily dose for the second half of gestation have exhibited incorporation of AZT into tissue DNA (Olivero et al., '97). AZT-induced DNA damage may be directly mutagenic in that in transplacentally-exposed mice, AZT-DNA incorporation is associated with H-ras mutations in topically promoted skin tumors appearing after 1 year of age (Zhang et al., '98). Near-term pregnant rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys were dosed by infusion with an amount of AZT similar to the daily dose received by pregnant women in order to study the genotoxicity of transplacental AZT exposure in an animal model relevant to the human. This study design also allowed for exploration of the relationship between AZT pharmacokinetics and AZT incorporation into DNA (Poirier et al., '99). In the case of four of the maternal-fetal pairs for which extensive AZT pharmacokinetic parameters have been previously published (Patterson et al., '97), AZT was administered continuously by infusion for 4 hr up to delivery. A separate, previously unreported, rhesus dam was given AZT by infusion for 3 hr, followed by a 1-hr drug-free interval before delivery. AZT and AZTG concentrations in maternal and fetal blood, amniotic fluid, and fetal organs were compared with AZT-DNA incorporation levels in fetal organs for this maternal-fetal pair. For the 4 hr before hysterotomy, four term pregnant monkeys were continuously infused with 8 mg AZT/kg body weight. This short-term exposure resulted in AZT incorporation into DNA of fetal liver, lung, heart, skeletal muscle, brain, testis, and placenta, which varied between 29 and 1,944 molecules of AZT/10 nucleotides. As determined by total radioactivity, AZT and combined metabolites varied between 0.94 and 5.20 mg AZT equivalents/g tissue. The fifth animal was infused with 17.3 mg AZT/kg body weight for approximately 3 hr, followed by 1 hr without drug before hysterotomy. Variable levels of AZT (16–147 molecules of AZT/10 nucleotides) were incorporated into organ DNA of this preparation, similar to the other four monkeys, while the organ tissues contained less variable concentrations of AZT and metabolites (0.86–2.05 mg AZT equivalents/gm tissue). One hr after discontinuation of drug, concentrations of AZT and the 39-azido-39-deoxythymidine-b-D-glucuronide (AZTG) in fetal blood and amniotic fluid were twoand threefold higher than those in maternal blood in the case of the single animal at hysterotomy. Most AZT pharmacokinetic parameters in the fifth monkey were similar to those previously reported for the first four monkeys (Patterson et al., '97) and to those observed in a similar study of pregnant women (O'Sullivan et al., '93). The data indicate that in pregnant rhesus monkeys, a 3–4-hr infusion of AZT results in incorporation of this HIV therapeutic into the DNA of placenta and most fetal organs. Because the known pharmacokinetics of AZT are similar in the monkey and human, the data imply that even after short-term AZT infusion to the mother just before delivery, the human fetus may also be subject to incorporation of AZT into DNA.


Social sense is the positive feelings towards society such as love,sympathy,care,respect for others' feelings,responsibility,friendship with others,and benignity.Superiority sense is the feelings of being superior,proud and honour over others.Present basic education has an inclination to cultivate winners who have an intense winning sense.To enable students to develop a healthy personality,education should put more emphasis on social sense.Teachers should change their expectations on students from winning to their healthy personality.Educational evaluation should be absolute rather than relative.Teacher-student relationship should be subject-to-subject rather than subject-to-object.


The control of proviral load of HTLV-1 depends in part of the lysis of infected cells mediated by cytotoxic CD8⁺T lymphocytes and NK (Natural killer) cells. The family of KIR (killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor) interacts with HLA class I molecules, especially those HLA-C alleles in-group 1 (C*01, C*03, C*07, C*08, C*12, C*13, C*14 and C*16) by activating or inhibiting the function of these cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3 genes and group 1 HLA-C alleles are associated with the control of proviral load of HTLV-1 and the diagnosis of HAM/TSP. The study was performed at Bahiana School HTLV Center of Medicine and Health Public, in Salvador, Bahia. The presence of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 genes was determined by real-time PCR (Syber Green). The study included 248 subjects infected with HTLV-1(161 and 87 asymptomatic with HAM/TSP) whose HLA class I alleles were previously determined. The proviral load (quantified by real-time PCR) and the frequency asymptomatic individuals diagnosed with HAM/TSP (possibly, probably and definitive) were compared according to the presence or absence of KIR genes evaluated. The frequencies of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 genes were 84.3% and 96.8%, respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed in the frequency of individuals who possessed the genes (KIR2DL2 or KIR2DL3) in clinical groups, as well as the frequency of individuals who had both the KIR genes and HLA-C alleles group 1. Individuals in the group HAM/TSP possible to KIR2DL2 showed that the gene had lower proviral load (2.9%of cells infected) individuals without this gene (19.2% infected cells) (p<0.001). When we evaluated the combination of the presence of KIR2DL2 and 2DL3 genes with HLA-C genes in group 1, lower proviral load (2.1%) was observed in individuals with any of the alleles of HLA-C group 1, compared who those which harbored only KIR2DL2 (5.0%) (p=0.013) .Minor proviral load was also observed in asymptomatic individuals which carried both the KIR2DL2 gene and HLA-C*07 allele when compared to individuals with only KIR2DL2 gene (p=0.03), whereas patients with HAM/TSP-PB that had this combination (KIR2DL2/HLA-C*07) tended to lower proviral load(p=0.051). In conclusion, the presence of the combination of KIR2DL2 gene and a HLA-C group1allele is associated with proviral load control. This study quantified for the first time the frequencies of KIR genes in a cohort of
individuals infected with HTLV-1 in Bahia. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings in other populations and to evaluate the prognostic value of KIR2DL2 association and HLA-C group 1.


3D GIS has become a focus field of GIS study currently,and high-resolution satellite image is an important data resource for the 3D GIS construction.In this paper,based on the high-resolution IKONOS satellite stereo images,using the method to extract the 3D visualization information of the research area,including DEM extraction,orthophoto map making,3D information and texture of the ground building,the progress of the DEM extraction was analyzed and the errors of the DEM were corrected.A technical method that uses the ERDAS IMAGINE and 3ds Max software to carry on hybrid modeling was put forward.By complementing the advantages of two kinds of software,this method can accomplish the modeling work of the ground building better.Finally,based on the VC++6.0 platform,combined with the DirectX SDK,the 3D visualization landscape was firstly constructed from two aspects,including the visualization of terrain and the loading of the ground feature models.In this process,in order to improve the operating speed,the Level of Detail algorithm and Mipmap technology were used to optimize the terrain visualization and the texture of the models.Further more,the diversification of the smog was simulated by constructing particle system and many factors of the environment and production facilities that can influence the movement of the smog were calculated and added.Through these work,the production activities of the special facility can be inferred,so it can provide support for the decision analysis.


"The foundations of American human-rights law are in bad shape. They creak, they groan for rebuilding." With these words, Charles Black justifies his effort to promote a new theory of Constitutional human rights law in the United States in a book entitled A New Birth of Freedom: Human Rights, Named and Unnamed. Black stands within the tradition of the Warren Court of the 1950's and 60's. He is an intellectual leader of a group of theorists committed to an activist jurisprudence on human rights. Commonly identified as non-interpretivists, this group of thinkers views the Constitutional outline of rights not as a limit, but as a mandate for the recognition of an evolving understanding of human rights. His efforts remind us that the controversies over activist non-interpretive constitutional adjudication, which became particularly controversial in the 1950's, and the counter movement of original intent, which raged in the 1970's and 1980's, may have receded from the headlines, but that the essential arguments and the emotional angst they generated have not gone away. Moreover, I believe Black is correct in his assertion that existing jurisprudence on human rights is confused and harmful to our interests in protecting these rights. Efforts to justify court decisions based upon tortured readings of the 14th Amendment's due process clause make a mockery of the court's efforts. As Black puts it, "It's application follows no sound methods of interpretation...and is therefore neither reliably invocable in cases that come up, nor forecastable in result by anything much but a guess." Holdings that are not grounded in some reasonable reading of the text invite cynicism--the belief that it is not the law that is being upheld, merely "the opinion of 9 old men in Washington." Black's effort is, in my opinion, fundamentally flawed. Nonetheless, I believe that a careful review of his arguments and the critiques which may be offered against them does suggest an approach which may be more fruitful. I, therefore, start with a brief summary of Black's general theory, in which: first, he argues for the need for new grounds for adjudicating human rights claims; second, he identifies the sources he thinks are appropriate for human rights (the Ninth Amendment, The Declaration of Independence "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" clause, and the Fourteenth Amendment privileges and immunities clause); third, he justifies the use of these sources against existing arguments opposing an expansive reading of constitutional human rights; and, finally, he provides an illustration of how these new sources can be applied (with the example of a constitutional right to economic assistance). I then break the theory down into its constituent elements, highlighting both the insights it provides and some of the problems it fails to address. I then use his presentation to sketch out the essential features of the two differing visions of the Court, which underlie the non-interpretist approach taken by Black and the interpretivist/intentionalist arguments commonly offered against his position. My argument is that there is merit in both positions, and I seek to outline a compromise which, while less ambitious than that supported by Black, nonetheless affirms that the Court has a constitutional role in support of unnamed human rights.


In Schaumberg v Stark (1956 4 SA 462 (A)) the testator bequeathed his estate to his wife and directed that "my estate shall be managed as a whole for my heiress by [my] trustee." The court ruled that the testator bestowed a fiduciary interest in the trust property on his widow (468G); consequently, the testator's estate as well as a right to the revenue yielded by the estate vested in the widow (468C-).


Objective. Determination of the stability of different series of the drug "Piron film-coated tablets, 50 mg", when stored in natural conditions. Materials and methods. Three experimental series of new anti-inflammatory drug Piron tablets were analyzed. The stability study was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV edition, GOST Р 57129-2016 and ICH Q1A: 2003 "Study of the stability of new pharmaceutical substances and drugs." During storage in natural conditions (temperature not higher than 25 ºС, in a dry place protected from light), in accordance with the current regulatory documentation and draft specification all three series of the drug were analyzed by indicators: description, authenticity, mass uniformity, dissolution, dosage uniformity, impurities, microbiological purity, quantitative determination. Results. As a result of stability analysis of the finished dosage form "Piron film-coated tablets, 50 mg", we can conclude that during the storage period in natural conditions (temperature not higher than 25 ºС, in a dry place protected from light) quality parameters met specification requirements. Conclusion. The stability of tablets of the new modern non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug "Piron film-coated tablets, 50 mg" during storage was investigated and confirmed, when stored under natural conditions. The shelf life is at least two years.


NHibernate is an object persisting tool for.Net environments,and could help the developers to enhance the developing efficiency.Log4net is a strong log component based on.Net.This article introduces the basic characteristics of NHibernate and Log4net,and puts an emphasis on how to use them to implement the validity verification of the user login.


A 44-year-old patient with a history of stage IIB colorectal cancer at the hepatic flexure, invading the duodenum and pancreas, was initially diagnosed in September 2005 and received modified Whipple surgery and 8 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin every 3 weeks.


Inserting a ferrite layer into a low-temperature cofired ceramic substrate offers the potential of burying inductors in multilayer ceramic substrates. To cofire a ceramic substrate at low temperatures, ferrite must be densified at a low temperature. With the addition of 6 wt%Bi2O3, Ni–Zn–Cu ferrite can be densified at 900°C. The doped Bi2O3 not only lowers the sintering temperature but also increases the permeability of Ni–Zn–Cu ferrite. The "cordierite + borosilicate glass" system is very compatible with Ni–Zn–Cu ferrite after cofiring, but the calcium borosilicate crystallizable glass system is incompatible with Ni–Zn–Cu ferrite. However, with the addition of 10 wt%SiO2 into the calcium borosilicate crystallizable glass system, the incompatibility was resolved.


Abstract There is no significant improvement in South African learner outcomes. This is particularly so in provinces such as the Eastern Cape where grade 12 results always lag behind those of other South African provinces, and literacy levels continue to plummet. This paper therefore investigated how Education Development Officers in Eastern Cape view the practice of school visits. Six Education Development Officers in two education districts were purposively selected. This study was premised on the qualitative research approach and semistructured interviews were used to collect data. The findings revealed that the purpose of Education Development Officers' school visits was mainly to check if teachers performed their teaching duties. It also emerged from the data that visits to schools were mainly for the purpose of controlling policy implementation. This means that there was no coherent supportive strategy for school visits. This study recommends that the Department of Basic Education develop a framework for more supportive school visits.


Purpose: The current study sought to establish how financial control practices influences financial sustainability of Non-Governmental Organization in Garissa County, Kenya. The study specifically sought to establish how financial reporting, financial monitoring, financial audits and financial risk assessment influences financial sustainability of NGOs.
Methodology: The study was anchored on the following theories:  Agency Theory, Liquidity Trade-Off Theory, Cash Management Theory And The Rent Theory of Profitability. The study employed a descriptive survey research design and targeted 50 Non-Governmental Organizations operating in Garissa County. The unit of observation comprised of one finance manager and one operational manager from each of the NGO. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Structured questionnaires were used in collecting the data. The study employed both inferential and descriptive statistics to analyze the collected data. Both SPSS software and MS Excel was used in generating the statistics. The study conducted a pilot study in 10 NGOs from Wajir County to assess the reliability and validity of the data collection instrument. The results of the study were presented in form of figures and tables.
Results: The results of the study revealed that financial reporting, financial monitoring, financial audits and financial risk assessment impacts financial sustainability of NGOs to a positive and significant level as shown by Beta value of 0.317, 0.213, 0.447 and 0.376 respectively. This implies that increase in one unit of each of the variables results to an increase in the financial sustainability levels of NGOs with the respective beta values.
Unique contribution to theory, policy and practice The study recommended that there is a need for the NGOs operating in Garissa County to enhance their financial reporting practices, financial monitoring practices, financial audit practices and financial risk assessment practices since the practices bears a positive and a significant effect on financial sustainability of the organization.


A unique type of ferromagnetic microelement is explored. Unlike conventional ferromagnetic elements, the entities studied here are not separated topographically from each other, but embedded into a surrounding, continuous film. Fabrication of such elements is achieved by local irradiation of antiferromagnetically coupled $\mathrm{Fe}∕\mathrm{Cr}∕\mathrm{Fe}$ trilayers with $30\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{keV}$ ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{+}$ ions, which cause a local destruction of the Cr interlayer in these systems. As a result, a transition to ferromagnetic properties is induced within micron-sized irradiated areas, which act as ferromagnetic elements. Since the surrounding area of these elements consists of magnetic material, i.e., two Fe layers which are still antiferromagnetically coupled, interesting coupling phenomena in lateral direction can be observed. In particular, the magnetic configuration within such systems leads to the formation of complex domain walls at the boundary between irradiated and nonirradiated areas exhibiting different types of fine structure. In addition, it is found that the capability of storing information in the form of magnetic single domain states in remanence depends on the geometry of the patterned elements. The fabrication method presented here is an efficient way to create magnetic model systems on the micron scale of different geometries and sizes for comparative studies of micromagnetics and magnetization reversal processes.


Speech emotion recognition is a challenging but important task in human computer interaction (HCI). As technology and understanding of emotion are progressing, it is necessary to design robust and reliable emotion recognition systems that are suitable for real-world applications both to enhance analytical abilities supporting human decision making and to design human–machine interfaces (HMI) that assist efficient communication. This paper presents a multimodal approach for speech emotion recognition based on Multi-Level Multi-Head Fusion Attention mechanism and recurrent neural network (RNN). The proposed structure has inputs of two modalities: audio and text. For audio features, we determine the mel-frequency cepstrum (MFCC) from raw signals using the OpenSMILE toolbox. Further, we use pre-trained model of bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) for embedding text information. These features are fed parallelly into the self-attention mechanism base RNNs to exploit the context for each timestamp, then we fuse all representatives using multi-head attention technique to predict emotional states. Our experimental results on the three databases: Interactive Emotional Motion Capture (IEMOCAP), Multimodal EmotionLines Dataset (MELD), and CMU Multimodal Opinion Sentiment and Emotion Intensity (CMU-MOSEI), reveal that the combination of the two modalities achieves better performance than using single models. Quantitative and qualitative evaluations on all introduced datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs favorably against state-of-the-art methods.


The title compound was obtained via a two-step synthesis involving the enole-mediated click Dimroth reaction of 4-azidoanisole with methyl 3-cyclopropyl-3-oxopropanoate leading to the 5-cyclopropyl-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylic acid and subsequent acid amidation with 4-chloroaniline by 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI). In the extended structure, two molecules arranged in a near coplanar position relative to the triazole ring planes are interconnected by N—H⋯N and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds into a homodimer. The dimers are linked by C—H⋯O interactions into ribbons.


Abstract The aim of our work is to compare the results of a virtual model to measure heat transfer data for butt welded joints. The primary goal is to compare real-time measured temperature with the software simulated data. The virtual model is a copy of the real product, technically a virtual prototyping process is examined. Prior to any production process such as joining by butt welding, real process parameters are tested on the model and later by experiments. In the case of many parts, the joining process is a key technology, where knowledge of the thermal effects of welding on the microstructure in the heat affected zone and the joint are vital.


The recent prevalence of deep neural networks has lead semantic segmentation networks to achieve human-level performance in the medical field when sufficient training data is provided. Such networks however fail to generalize when tasked with predicting semantic maps for out-of-distribution images, requiring model re-training on the new distributions. This expensive process necessitates expert knowledge in order to generate training labels. Distribution shifts can arise naturally in the medical field via the choice of imaging device, i.e. MRI or CT scanners. To combat the need for labeling images in a target domain after a model is successfully trained in a fully annotated \textit{source domain} with a different data distribution, unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) can be used. Most UDA approaches ensure target generalization by creating a shared source/target latent feature space. This allows a source trained classifier to maintain performance on the target domain. However most UDA approaches require joint source and target data access, which may create privacy leaks with respect to patient information. We propose an UDA algorithm for medical image segmentation that does not require access to source data during adaptation, and is thus capable in maintaining patient data privacy. We rely on an approximation of the source latent features at adaptation time, and create a joint source/target embedding space by minimizing a distributional distance metric based on optimal transport. We demonstrate our approach is competitive to recent UDA medical segmentation works even with the added privacy requisite.


In the reference list of the above article, the wrong year was mentioned in references [21](a) and [21](b). The correct year of publication for both references is 2015, not 2014. The correct reference [21] is as follows: [21] (a) D. Fraenkel, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2015, 11, 178; (b) D. Fraenkel, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2015, 11, 193. Additionally, on page 2314, right column, lines 2–3, Fig. A3 was incorrectly referenced as Fig. 3A. The publisher and the author regret the errors.


Energy plays an important role on the demand and the supply sides of the economy. On the demand side, energy is one of the products a consumer decides to buy to maximise his utility. On the supply side, energy is the key factor of production in addition to labour, capital and other raw materials. Energy is considered to be the key element in the socio-economic development of a country. It also helps to improve the living standards of the society through the increase in economic growth. This implies that there is a causal link running from energy consumption to economic growth. If causality runs from energy consumption to GDP then it implies that an economy is energy dependent and hence energy is a stimulus to economic growth [Jumbe (2004)]. Shortage of energy may negatively affect economic growth and may cause poor economic performance leading to a reduction of income and employment. On the other hand, if causality runs from GDP to energy consumption, this implies that economy is not energy dependent, and hence energy conservation policies may be implemented without adverse effects on economic growth and employment [Masih and Masih (1997)]. If there is no causality between energy consumption and GDP, it implies that energy conservation policies may be pursued without affecting the economy [Jumbe (2004)]. Based on these arguments, it is necessary to analyse the link between energy consumption and economic growth because it is often argued that the increased availability of energy services act as key stimulus of the process of economic development. The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth has been studied extensively, but the issue associated to the direction of causality between energy consumption and economic growth still remained unsettled. Kraft and Kraft (1978) has found unidirectional causality running from GNP to energy consumption for United States for the period 1947–1974. Their results indicates that the low level of energy dependence of US economy on energy enable US to pursue energy


www.appliedradiationoncology.com APPLIED RADIATION ONCOLOGY n 39 June 2018 Although advanced cancer, such as metastatic disease, cannot often be cured, it can be treated with palliative care. Designed to resolve symptoms and make patients as comfortable and pain-free as possible, palliative treatments include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) recommends that palliative care be offered to patients within 8 weeks of an advanced cancer diagnosis. A presentation at the 2015 annual meeting of the American Society for Radiation Therapy (ASTRO) reported that a collaborative, patient-reported outcomes-based approach by radiation oncologists and palliative care teams improved symptom management and lowered costs for late-stage cancer patients and end-oflife hospitalizations.1 In 2017, ASTRO updated its evidence-based guidelines for palliative radiation therapy (RT) of bone metastases. The updated guidelines address the 8 questions from the initial 2011 bone metastases guidelines based on new published clinical research and literature. According to Joshua Jones, MD, MA, assistant professor, Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, and a co-author of the updated guidelines, one of the more common treatments is managing bone metastases. "There is a range of what is appropriate, so we need the guidelines. But fundamentally, we need to ... better understand how best to tailor radiotherapy to the individual patient: When is stereotactic radiotherapy and ablative radiotherapy most appropriate in the management of bone metastases, and when are simpler techniques with lower doses most appropriate?" he asks, noting that an influx of data is expected in the next two years from randomized studies. "The key questions are: Who will most benefit from palliative radiotherapy? What dose/fractionation and technique are most appropriate with de novo palliative radiation? What dose/fractionation and technique are most appropriate in the re-irradiation setting?" The brain is another common site for metastatic cancer. ASTRO has published guidelines on whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), as well as combining WBRT with radiosensitizers or chemotherapy. But even with these guidelines, ambiguity remains regarding the most optimal treatment, says Charles B. Simone, MD, associate professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, and medical director of the Maryland Proton Therapy Center. Dr. Simone believes it is possible to develop standard pathways for treatments based on factors such as number and/or volume of metastatic lesions. However, other variables can determine the number of treatment approaches, such as patient performance status, extent of extracranial disease and overall tumor burden, neurological symptoms, and other concurrent treatments being used such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy, notes Dr. Simone. "It can also be something as simple as the distance from the patient's home to the treatment facility," he says.


-The present article focuses on the societal requirementsfor the learners with disabilities in inclusive schoolswhich may be socio-psychological and pedagogical practices. The process of inclusion starts with the assessment of attitudinal barrier of the learner by teachers/classmates in school/classroom settings demandsspecial and unique strategies, care and support for inclusion.To examine the phenomena of teacher"s support and student"s performance, five schools offering special education in Hyderabad and Secunderabad twin cities were taken for this study and 300 samples were collected by following snow-ball sampling method. The inventory related to views, attitudes,teachers" supportive mechanism and performance of childrenhas been taken into the consideration to generalize the observations which have been persisting in special education schools. The major findings are inclusive schools recognize and respond to diverse needs of their students, accommodating the studentsin different styles and rates of learning by ensuring quality through offering appropriate curricula, organizational arrangements, teaching strategies and inviting participation of parents. There should be a continuum of support from teachers as well as management to match the curriculum of special students isperceived in every school. It is believed that educating a differently-abled child in general school is certainly tough, hence, the responsibilities of a teacher include those other than instructional like conducting assessments and coordinating with parents, management and colleagues. They also need to modify their lessons to suit each disabled learner by providing individualized education programmes within the class.


A thermal wave imaging technique was developed for the evaluation of thermal properties. We report both theoretical and experimental studies on an infrared thermal wave imaging method for thermal diffusivity measurements of thin materials in the direction parallel to the surface


The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents' religious commitment and practical commitment to Islamic beliefs in sixth grade elementary school girls in Eghlid. This study was a descriptive-correlation study. The statistical population of this study includes all sixth grade elementary school girls in Eghlid city in the year 2015-2016 that 150 students and their parents were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. To collect data, the Practical Commitment to Islamic Beliefs Questionnaire was used. The results of this study showed that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between mothers' religious adherence with practical commitment to prayer and fasting in sixth grade elementary school girls in Eghlid. Islam pays great attention to the choice of the mother, because she is the first teacher who trains righteous people and delivers them to society. And he is the only one who can elevate great men with his thoughts and train high-ranking mystics. The next finding in this study is the religious adherence and religious ambivalence of mothers with practical adherence to other Shari'a rules and practical adherence to Islamic beliefs there is no statistically significant relationship between the sixth grade girls of Eghlid city. There is no statistically significant relationship between mothers' religious adherence to practical adherence to other Shari'a rules and practical adherence to Islamic beliefs. This is because belief is an internal issue and each person should develop this commitment and belief in her, but the implementation of the rules is learning and teaching the child by watching the parents and a positive educational model. The results also showed that the religious ambivalence of fathers with practical commitment to fasting, adherence to other religious rules and practical commitment to Islamic beliefs in the sixth grade girls of Eghlid city has no statistically significant relationship. Meanwhile, fathers' religious adherence to adherence to other religious rules and practical adherence to Islamic beliefs has a statistically significant positive relationship in the sixth grade girls of Eghlid.


In this paperwork we are studying a turbofan engine with mixed separate flows where the primary flow it is initiated separately from the secondary flow which by it's configuration helps improving the thrust and a reduction of the specific consumption. The thrust growth it is made by an air feed infusion, the infusion it's made by the mix of air feed flown by the fan's runners and compressor's runners using air intakes with a different geometric configuration.


The Y2.9Ce0.1Al5O12 (YAG:Ce3+) phosphors were successfully prepared via molten salt synthesis (MSS) method using the eutectic mixtures of NaNO2–KNO2 or NaCl–KCl as the flux. Using NaCl–KCl as the flux, Y3Al5O12 phase is formed above 1000°C, and the as-prepared YAG:Ce3+ phosphor with 2 μm average particle size has good emission and excitation spectra. Using NaNO2–KNO2 as the flux, Y3Al5O12 phase can be formed at a temperature as low as 400°C, but the as-prepared YAG:Ce3+ phosphor with 200 nm average particle size do not have obvious emission and excitation spectra, and after being annealed at 1100°C, the powder also has 200 nm average particle size but has stronger emission and excitation spectra. Compared with the commercial YAG:Ce3+ phosphor, the emission intensity of the phosphor prepared by MSS using NaNO2–KNO2 as the flux followed by calcination is a little low, but the latter has a smaller particle size, which will reduce the amount of phosphors utilized in white light-emitting diodes.


Ether-linked analogs of fluorine-18 labeled diacylglycerol were synthesized in order to improve their bioavailability in vivo. Compounds were designed to have long chain (having sixteen carbons) alkyl substituent on 1-O-position and short alkyl or acyl group (eight carbons) on 2-O-position of glycerol. Introduction of 18 F into each chain resulted in four labeled tracers. Precursors having tosyloxy or bromo moiety as leaving group were obtained step wise alkylations and/or acylations of 3-O-benzylglycerol. Nucleophilic radiofluorination of the precursors thus obtained gave labeled intermediates in up to 40% radiochemical yield. Ether-linked diacylglycerol analogs were afforded through their deprotection with H2 and Pd/C. Catalytic transfer hydrogenation was also attempted, however, insufficient result was achieved in spite of its usefulness as labeling procedure.


In order to clarify the influence of policy on the pricing strategy of the online education platform, the paper first establishes the dual-oligarch Hotelling model in the case of the user partially multi homing, analyzes the impact of the policy at the scale of the online education platform and studies the effects of platform pricing from indirect network externalities and direct network externalities. This study finds that teachers and students would be attracted and join in the online education platform because of the increasing intrinsic income when policy has a positive impact on the online education platform, but the attraction to the teachers is less than the attraction to the students. Therefore, it proposes the importance for the policy of a healthy development of platform, especially subsidies and incentives for teachers.


The present work examines, from the legal point of view, the female representation in the corporate boards in companies. To address this topic a comparative analysis was made between the European Directive Proposal (approved, with some controversy, on November 14 th , 2012) and the Spanish regulation, pointing out some of their similarities and differences. At the same time, arguments about the supposed infringement of the equity and free enterprise rights are studied, in order to estimate the convenience of the quotas for the improvement of the women's situation in the economic decision making. Published online : 13 November 2014


Does variation in state capacity predict compliance with government policies? This article tests the usefulness of state capacity as an analytic tool to evaluate environmental policy enforcement in China. The study employs two methodological approaches: first, a quantitative evaluation of capacity among 10 representative Chinese provinces and their compliance with environmental policies dictated by the Chinese central government and second, a qualitative evaluation of the potential causal relationship between state capacity and compliance. The results of these analyses illustrate the central role of state capacity in environmental policy compliance. The results also point to the importance of non-state-capacity factors. The accuracy of analyses relying on the state capacity model is improved if combined with assessments of the policies to be enforced and the commitment of the government responsible for their enforcement.


Government of Manitoba's Department of Local Government. The Community-University Research Alliances (CURA) program of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research
Council through the Manitoba Research Alliance for Transforming Aboriginal and Inner-City Communities. Manitoba Research Alliance. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada.


T HERE are three different points of view, from which the present development of economic affairs in Palestine can be considered: (1) local Palestinian, (2) Jewish, (3) continental. Palestine is a flourishing country today due mainly to the Jewish work of colonization. At the same time it is being considered by the Jewish people as their national homeland, whose economic interests as well as those of others, are, therefore, of primary importance. And finally, it is the center of a continent called the Middle East, the development of which may be influenced strongly, perhaps even in a decisive way, by what happens at the present time in this relatively small country. Of these three points of view, the third one-as far as it can be separated from the otherswill be chiefly taken into consideration within the present article. Palestine's economy, as developed in the last few decades and especially since the end of World War I, cannot be considered as simple transplantation of Western methods to Asiatic soil, although the tremendous technical influence of the West is obvious. The old liberal school of thought, once considered as characteristic of the Western world, lost much of its importance in Palestine, as well as in other countries, during the period of the long armistice, without however giving place to two other systems, which divided between them its heritage, namely, the so-called late capitalism and state capitalism. The first is practically unknown in Palestine because of the preponderance of nationalistic over private interests in the Jewish colonization; nor is there any place left for the second, since the real direction of economic affairs in Palestine never was in the hands of the government-certainly not of the affairs of the Jewish population-neither under the Turkish rule, nor under the British much more advanced administration. Similarly the two anti-capitalistic systems of socialism and solidarism did not simply take over in Palestine, although their influence is strongly felt in important sections of the economy of the country. However, freedom of initiativeif not of individuals, then of groups-is considered as essential even in such sections. On the other hand they do recognize the principle of an economy directed by the people for the people and they would not accept the rather anarchic principles of solidarism. The cooperative movement certainly has many followers in Palestine. There is hardly any other country in the world which could compare with it in the number and strength of the cooperative organizations of Palestine. In many respects, however, their development took a different course from that in Europe and the Western Hemisphere. There are only very few, if any, signs of cooperative socialism in Palestine in the usual sense of this word as developed by Charles Gide and realized to a certain-very limited-degree in Great Britain, Germany, Belgium, and a few other countries of Europe. Consumer cooperatives, which are the major realization there, play hardly any such role in Palestine. So even from this point of view looking for analogies in other countries may be rather meaningless in the present case. What happens in Palestine is, therefore, of a different nature. It is the development of a new system of economic life, which limited as it is at the present to one country and to one section of the population, may still become the dominant system of that part of the world. This development has a twofold background. It takes place


Abstract
This scientific article is entitled Marebat Tradition in Tobanese Ethnic: A Study of Local Wisdom. The marebat tradition is a tradition of bringing parumaen (daughter-in-law) to the village or the hula-hula house. The Marebat tradition is carried out within one to two weeks after the wedding and this tradition is carried out at the house of the parboru (The bride's parents). This article discusses two core issues as a discussion of the formulation of the problem, namely the stages of the marebat tradition in the Tobanese ethnicity and describes the types of local wisdom found in the marebat tradition in the Tobanese ethnicity. This article uses a qualitative descriptive research method. This study used the theory of oral tradition by Robert Sibarani (2015). Oral tradition is a traditional activity of a community that is passed down from generation to generation with oral media from one generation to another, whether the tradition is in the form of oral words (verbal) or non-verbal oral traditions. verbal (non-verbal)". Sources of data and information about the marebat tradition were obtained by the authors from primary data sources which were the results of interviews. Based on the results of the research, the authors found that there are nine stages in the marebat tradition, and in the stages of the marebat tradition there is local wisdom derived from the core local wisdom of peace and prosperity, namely politeness, cooperation, caring and compassion, perseverance, discipline, commitment, caring. environment, respect, honesty, health, preservation and cultural creativity, gratitude, social solidarity, harmony and conflict resolution, gender management, control, love of culture, independence, and trust.


The gross mirror cell of the LAMOST reflecting Schmidt plate supporting 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors with an alt-azimuth mounting has already been in routine operation for two years. During observation, the gross mirror cell must hold good structural stiffness and stability, meanwhile, lightweight, good transportability and accessibility for maintenance is implicitly required. This paper describes structural design principle, manufacturing, transportation, installation and measurement of the gross mirror cell. Based on diverse investigation of design scheme and aided with finite element analysis, we achieved an optimum mirror cell, which is actually a hybrid of space frame and truss structure of about 5.4 m by 6.3 m, which meets very well technical requirements with lightweight, high stiffness and clear accessibility. The truss part is supported on the space frame part with a few carefully chosen nodes. Bolted sphere connection is selected for truss nodes. That only commercial steel material is used and medium precision is defined lead to low manufacturing cost. During assembly at workshop and restoration at site, 3D laser tracker has been used to not only measure the 3×24 working nodes in the top layer truss but also aid the installation process of the mirror cell. The final measurement result is 0.3 mm RMS within the required 0.5 mm. The mirror cell was manufactured in Nanjing and transported to, ~1300 km away, LAMOST Xinglong station northeast to Beijing. In this paper, we also share special consideration for the long distance land truck transportation and experiences got during large-sized precise part like the gross mirror cell installation to 25 m high pier in situ.


Terahertz (THz) band (0.1-10 THz) communication is envisioned as a potential key wireless technology to satisfy the need for much higher wireless data rates. THz-band communication supports a huge bandwidth. However, this advantage comes at the cost of a very high propagation loss. Thus, highly directional antennas (DAs) are simultaneously utilized in both transmission and reception to establish communication links beyond several meters. The application of highly DAs introduces many challenges for multi-hop routing. Among others, the best routing path dynamically changes since the directional communication links are periodically on and off, as determined by the DAs' current directions. Another challenge for routing protocol design comes from the limited memory or buffer size of THz devices, which is filled quickly when concurrent Terabit-per-second (Tbps) transmissions are handled. The buffer will be easily blocked by a locally stored packet that keeps waiting for the availability of the "best" route. This issue becomes even worse in directional networks, where such route may not be available shortly, and severely affects the network performance. In this paper, an adaptive routing protocol for highly dynamic buffer-limited directional THz communication networks is developed. A simulation framework is developed to study the iterations and updates between network performance and the choice made by each node. Extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the improvements of our proposed routing protocol.


crepancy may have resulted from formerly having used a rat strain which was a carrier of Bartonella muris as opposed to using a bartonella-free strain in more recent investigations. The hemolytic tendency of bartonella-infected animals is well known (Weinman, 1944). The present investigations were, therefore, designed to test this hypothesis and also to add information regarding the behavior of bound as opposed to free sugar in plasma.


This thesis deals with the wastes in a SME company which is PJ Foods Industries Sdn. Bhd. The objective of this study is to apply the lean manufacturing concept, principles and tools to eliminate and reduce the occurred wastes in PJ Foods Industries Sdn. Bhd. Movement waste, waiting waste and motion waste were subject that being studied in this thesis. Several visits have been done and the data were collected through interview, observation, pictures and calculating the current total production time of 7kg fried chicken flour product. Materials flow in the original layout, process maps and simulation on the original layout using Witness Software were used to determine the section or process that has highest idle percentage or wastes. Witness Software was also used to simulate the improvement layout and it was found that the improvements on layout managed to eliminate the movement waste and reducing other existing waste as well as reduce the total production time by 2.31% for every 20 packets. For the inventories of finished products, 5S is the best method to improve and establish better workplace and housekeeping conditions. It is recommended that the suggestions in this thesis be applied in actual condition at PJ Foods Industries Sdn. Bhd in the next stage of the study.


We calculate in detail the expected properties of low redshi ft DLAs under the assumption that they arise in the gaseous disks of galaxies l ike those in thez ≈ 0 population. A sample of 355 nearby galaxies is analysed, for which high quality H i 21-cm emission line maps are available as part of an extensiv survey with the Westerbork telescope (WHISP). We find that expected lumi nosities, impact parameters between quasars and DLA host galaxies, and metal abundances are in good agreement with the observed properties of DLAs and DL A galaxies. The measured redshift number density of z = 0 gas above the DLA limit is dN/dz = 0.045 ± 0.006, which compared to higher z measurements implies that there is no evolution in the comoving density of DLAs alo ng a line of sight betweenz ∼ 1.5 andz = 0, and a decrease of only a factor of two from z ∼ 4 to the present time. We conclude that the local galaxy popula tion can explain all properties of low redshift DLAs.


Bis(cyclopentadienyl)molybdenum dichloride-based catalyst systems were used for the polymerization of phenylacetylene. The bis(cyclopentadienyl) molybdenum-based catalyst systems were found to be effective for the polymerization of phenylacetylene to give a relatively high yield of polymer. EtAlCl2 showed high cocatalytic activity for the polymerization of phenyl acetylene by Cp2MoCl2. The polymerization behaviors were studied according to such reaction variables as monomer to catalyst mole ratio, initial monomer concentration, polymerization temperature, time, etc. The polymer structure was characterized by various instrumental methods to be the conjugated polymer backbone structure having phenyl substituents. The resulting poly(PA)s were generally light-brown powers and soluble in common organic solvents. The physical and thermal properties of the resulting poly(phenylacetylene) were also investigated.


Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data to develop first aid education programs for elementary, middle and high school students. Method: Forty nine textbooks adopted by first to six grade elementary schools and first to third grade of both middle and high schools were analyzed for content on first aid. Results: 1) First aid content was covered only in courses on 〈Physical education〉 and 〈Skills & Home?making〉 2) Content on first aid was included in the categories, 「General of first aid」, 「Rescue & moving」, 「Fire & Burns」, 「Cardiopulmonary resuscitation」, 「Musculoskeletal injuries」, 「Thermal injuries」, 「Wounds」, 「Removing foreign bodies」, 「Disaster & Accidents」 and 「Others」. Categories that were not included were 「Poisoning」 and 「Bites」. The content did not follow a progression related to the level of intellectual and physical development of the students. Conclusion: These results suggest that the content on first aid should be revised to be practical and rational for the benefits of student safety.


The single crystal Fe(acac)3 was successfully synthesized using acetylacetone and ferric oxide as the starting materials.The number of acetylacetonate in CCDC is 693046.It was characterized by IR,UV-Vis and X-ray single crystal diffraction.The result indicated that the crystal has an orthorhombic structure with space group Pbca and the crystallographic data of the complex are : a = 1.549 4(5)nm,b = 1.359 5(5)nm,c = 1.658 9(5) nm,α=β=γ=90°,V =3.494(2) nm3,Fe(Ⅲ) ion is coordinated with six oxygen atoms from three Hacacs,and form a slightly distorted octahedron coordination geometry.


o Frequency-domain electromagnetics o Time-domain electromagnetics o Capacitively coupled electromagnetics o Direct-current resistivity o Magnetic resonance soundings o Ground-penetrating radar The geophysical workgroup actively participates and collaborates with local, State, national, and international members of the environmental geophysical community. In addition, it regularly contributes to the knowledge base through presentations and publications.


contrasts his treatment with rabbinic exegesis. He then shows that Barth's understanding has more in common with the rabbis then Barth's own Jewish teacher, Hermann Cohen. Busch, drawing upon published works and archival research, concisely traces Barth's relationship with Jews from before the publication of the second edition of Der Römerbrief until the end of his career. This includes not only Barth's insistence that Jesus was a Jew and that Jews remain the people of God, but also his resistance to Hitler's regime, both before and after his expulsion from Germany, and his support of the nation-state of Israel. The book then includes a discussion from the conference between Novak and Busch moderated by Hunsinger. Therein, they tackle issues such as how they respectively understand the Torah and the gospel, whether or in what way Jews and Christians worship the same God, what they have learned from Barth, and what Christians and Jews can learn from one another. Hunsinger follows by advocating for a "soft supersessionism," which follows Barth in certain respects but also seeks to purge the anti-Judaism that remained within his work. He argues that Christians must not only have solidarity with the Jews but love the Jews in Christ. Peter Ochs reflects upon Debru Emet (included as an appendix, 173–176), a Jewish statement about Christians and Christianity penned by Novak and Ochs, along with Tikva Frymer-Kensky and Michael Singer, in 2000. Ochs argues that a kind of Barthian turn in theology, in both Judaism and Christianity, has overcome a kind of modern binary logic and previous perspectives on the relation of Judaism and Christianity, rooting discourse in Scripture. He says, "Dabru Emet therefore complements the Barthian turn in contemporary theology" (80). He concludes that Christians who want to repair the history of anti-Judaism as well as Jews who live after the Shoah should renew their love of the Torah. Next, Victoria J. Barnett discusses Barth's relationship to Christian engagement with Jews between the end of the war in 1945 and 1950, both indirectly, through students like Friedrich-Wilhelm Marquardt, and directly. The book closes with an essay by Ellen T. Charry, in which she calls upon Jews and Christians to reassess their relationship to one another. After summarizing the history of Christian attitudes toward Jews in Paul, Augustine, Thomas Aquinas, and Barth, she argues that Jews and Christians can address the controversies that have existed between them by exchanging gifts and becoming friends. In addition to the essays from the conference, the volume includes three previously published essays that do not engage Barth directly but were written by scholars from a previous generation who were influenced by Barth: Thomas F. Torrance writes about Israel and vocation, C.E.B. Cranfield sketches Paul's view of the Jews, and Hans Küng calls for a theological dialogue between Jews and Christians. The essays in this volume do not treat Barth's work uncritically, but they seek to build upon the strengths in his scholarship and witness in creative ways. This book would serve as a helpful compliment to works like Katherine Sonderegger's That Jesus Christ Was Born a Jew: Karl Barth's "Doctrine of Israel" (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992) and would be of interest to not only scholars of Karl Barth and modern theology but also to Jews and Christians who have an interest in and participate in Jewish-Christian dialogue.


This study has increased the viability of miniature ion thruster technology, advanced state-of-the-art discharge modeling, and revealed important aspects of discharge plasma processes. These extensions of existing ion thruster technology and understanding are necessary to fulfill the needs of future space missions. Experimental comparisons of the discharge performance of an array of miniature (3cm diameter) ion thruster discharge configurations were conducted and showed that a 3-ring configuration with length-to-diameter of 1.0 exhibited the best performance. A compact and lightweight version of this configuration, using small accelerator grid holes, exhibited discharge losses of 250-550eV/ion and propellant efficiency of as much as 87%. This performance represents a significant advancement in miniature (less than 5cm diameter) ion thruster technology and demonstrates that a miniature ion thruster of low magnet and thruster weight can yield desirable performance.

A multi-component hybrid 2-D computational Discharge Model was developed to help identify important ion thruster discharge processes and investigate miniaturization issues. Combining experimental and computational results reveals that magnetic field optimization for a miniature ion thruster is bracketed by considerations of primary electron utilization and discharge stability. Discharge Model analysis of the larger (30cm diameter) NSTAR thruster revealed that the peak observed in the NSTAR beam profile is due to double ions that are created by over-confinement of primary electrons on the thruster axis. Design sensitivity results show that, at the NSTAR thruster scale, efficient confinement of primary electrons is relatively easy to achieve; therefore, efforts to improve thruster performance should focus on effectively utilizing the primary electrons to minimize double ion production and maximize the number of single ions extracted to the beam.

The observations from this study have furthered the understanding of discharge processes and should improve future ion thruster design and modeling efforts. The Discharge Model advances state-of-the-art ion thruster modeling and provides a framework for a complete thruster model that can be used for long-life performance assessment and life validation.


In this paper, we consider a method for determining the feasibility of using a wing strut and non-retractable landing gear on a light multi-purpose aircraft. In a certain range of cruising speeds and flight ranges, it is advisable to use non-retractable landing gear and wing strut. With an increase in cruising speed and flight range, these engineering solutions must be abandoned to improve aerodynamic characteristics. The dependencies obtained in this work make it possible to make decisions on the use of a wing strut and non-retractable landing gear at the early design stages. To obtain aerodynamic characteristics in the Siemens NX program, a three-dimensional model of a light multi-purpose aircraft was created and an aerodynamic experiment was performed in the FloEFD program. Then the calculation of flight performance was carried out. As a result of the study, the dependence of the speed up to which it is advisable to use the undercarriage strut and fixed landing gear on the flight range for a light multi-purpose aircraft weighing 2000 kg was obtained. When designing an aircraft, it is necessary to make decisions about the use of one or another engineering solution, which, on the one hand, has a positive effect on aerodynamics and negatively on the weight of the aircraft, and vice versa. In this article, using the example of a wing strut and fixed landing gear in the first version of the aircraft, and a cantilever wing and retractable landing gear in the second version, a model for solving such a problem is shown.


A French-Canadian boy presented with neonatal cholestasis and failure to thrive, bilateral polar cataracts, anemia, thrombocytopenia and hypolonia. Bom at 37 weeks gestational age, he weighed 2450 g (10%ile), with length 46 cm (10%ile) and head circumference 33 cm (50%ile). Jaundice was present at birth. No dysmorphism was noted Transaminases were consistently elevated >2-fold. Liver biopsy showed cholestasis and confirmed the presence of calalase-posilive structures, with normal peroxisomes and mitochondria. HIDA scintigraphy showed mild hepatocellular dysfunction. Other investigations including endoscopy, plasma and urine amino acids, serum copper, alpha-1-antitrypsin levels, erythrocyte galactose-1-phosphate levels, karyotype (46, XY) and TORCH viral studies were non-diagnostic. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials showed mild peripheral hearing loss at 3 weeks of age, and a central loss when repeated at 8 months of age. He developed cachexia, progressive hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, osteopenia, bruxism and opisthotonic posturing, with a progressive motor delay. CT scan revealed cortical atrophy. He died of liver failure at age 12 months after frequent episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding and continued neurological deterioration. Post-mortem, plasma very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) results became available, showing elevation of the C26:C22 ratio. Phytanic acid, assayed on three stored samples was normal in two and 3-fold elevated in one. Other peroxisomal function tests including plasma pipecolic acid and rbc plasmalogen ratios were normal, but C18 DMA levels were somewhat lower than normal. Fibroblast C26:0 and C22 levels were elevated 5-fold, and the C26/C22 ratio, 9-fold. Oxidation of C24:0 was 20% of control values. On immunostaining with antibody to the ALD protein, fibroblasts were CRIM negative. The ALD protein gene contained a previously-unreported mutation, a thymine-to-cytosine transition at nucleotide 1654 in exon 7, predicted to change Ser 552 to Pro in the ATP binding domain. Although the patient's mother had normal plasma VLCFA levels, a subsequent pregnancy showed an elevated C26/C22 ratio in amniocytes and was terminated. A similar patient with biochemically-proven ALD and rapidly-progressive cholestasis was recently reported (Corzo. D. et al., Am J Hum Genet 65, 4 (Suppl.): A1295) demonstrating that the association of mutations in the ALD protein gene and neonatal cholestasis is not spurious, and expanding the phenotypic spectrum of ALD to include neonatal cholestatic jaundice with liver failure.


The extended F-expansion( or mapping) method is presented to construct exact solutions to some nonlinear partial differential equations( PDEs). It was shown that not only integer exponential Jacobi elliptic function solutions, but also fractional exponential combined Jacobi elliptic function of the form( 1 + δf2( ξ))1 /2 solutions were obtained.


The research objective of the article is to analyse the impact of changes in the level of entrepreneurship and business investments on unemployment in Poland with the application of spatial econometrics methodology. A spatial SAR model was used to model unemployment, since this phenomenon exhibits the presence of positive spatial dependence. The research was done for 66 regions at NUTS 3 level for the year 2015. In order to provide interpretations of the results measures of average impact such as average direct impact, average indirect impact and average induced impact were applied. The obtained results indicate a positive impact of entrepreneurship and investment on decline in unemployment rate and improvement of Poland's socio-economic situation.


This article reviews selected issues of importance in the evaluation, treatment, and reconditioning of dancers during and following injury and offers some insights on injury prevention. The athletic training practice domains of prevention, clinical evaluation and diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation and reconditioning within the context of dance medicine are the general focus. In particular, issues relating to the rehabilitation of dancers are presented as they reflect the reasonable, objective practices of the health care profession.


Chiral models of nucleons lead naturally to the concept of ''generalized'' or ''classical'' nucleons, which are characterized by a definite orientation in spin--isospin space. Nucleons and ..delta..-resonances are then different rotational states of generalized nucleons. The interaction between two generalized nucleons is sharply anisotropic and is strongly attractive for certain relative orientations. This suggests the possible existence of a condensed state of nuclear matter, such as a crystal or a Fermi liquid with short-range order. Such a condensed state would be a coherent mixture of N and ..delta.. states. A variational estimate given here indicates that at densities several times the usual nuclear density, a condensed state of this kind can be energetically favorable.


The ability of a military to respond to environmental changes rather than rigidly adhere to previously defined concepts of operation is paramount to overcoming unforeseen battlefield technological challenges. A force with the greater capacity for learning and adaptation will possess significant advantages in overcoming unforeseen challenges. However, it is unclear as to what determines the flexibility or adaptive capacity of a military during military engagements. To address this issue, this study focuses on intrawar adaptation as a product of a military's strategic culture in overcoming enemy technological surprises. The work demonstrates the symbiotic relationship between strategic culture and adaptability that ultimately determines how effectively a force will respond to unforeseen battlefield challenges. For this reason, strategic culture is indispensable in explaining why militaries may continue to act in ways that are incongruous with prevailing operational circumstances while others are adept at responding to Clausewitzian fog and friction.


1. Chaudhary K, Khanna R. Renal replacement therapy in end-stage renal disease patients with chronic liver disease and ascites: role of peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2008; 28:113–17. 2. Selgas R, Bajo MA, Del Peso G, Sanchez-Villanueva R, Gonzalez E, Romero S, et al. Peritoneal dialysis in the comprehensive management of end-stage renal disease patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites: practical aspects and review of the literature. Perit Dial Int 2008; 28:118–22. 3. Lucey BC, Varghese JC, Soto JA. Spontaneous hemoperitoneum: causes and significance. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2005; 34:182–95. 4. Fine A, Novak C. Hemoperitoneum due to carcinomatosis in the liver of a CAPD patient. Perit Dial Int 1996; 16:181–3. 5. Dozio B, Scanziani R, Rovere G, Sangalli L, Sacerdoti S, Surian M. Hemoperitoneum in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patient caused by a hepatocarcinoma treated with percutaneous embolization. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 38:E11. 6. Posthuma N, Van Eps RS, Wee PM. Hemoperitoneum due to (hepatocellular) adenoma. Perit Dial Int 1998; 18: 446–7. 7. Peng SJ, Yang CS. Hemoperitoneum in CAPD patients with hepatic tumors. Perit Dial Int 1996; 16:84–6. 8. El-Serag HB, Marrero JA, Rudolph L, Reddy KR. Diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2008; 134:1752–63.


An in ‐depth analysis of writings of John Paul II leads to a conclusion that the Pope cared for upbringing that would foster to values. He clearly indicated that the person is to be viewed as the foundation of the process of upbringing and also stressed the significance of upbringing towards life in the family, nation and Church. The author of this article accounts for and presents the problem of upbringing towards values, which is interpreted from the teachings of John Paul II. First, the author indicates the complementary character of education, religion and faith, then they are oriented towards the world of values and the Christian hierarchization of these values.


Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) provide a powerful tool to model distributed systems. Large-scale systems contain many autonomous agents, and therefore, the agents should be able to work in a group and collaborate toward common objectives. Holonic Multi-Agent Systems (HMASs) present a suitable organization, especially in large-scale systems. The idea behind HMASs is a division of a system into smaller sub-systems in a recurrent way. A holon is defined as a self-similar structure that comprises holons as sub-structures. Therefore, a holarchy is a hierarchy of holons that act as autonomous wholes in super-ordination to their parts and as dependent parts in subordination to controls on higher levels. There are two main attributes for a holarchy, the first attribute ensures that holons are in stable forms, which are robust against disturbances. The second one confirms that the holons are in intermediate forms, which provide the proper functionality for the whole. In this paper, we study the robustness of a holarchy for traffic signals control. Robustness is an essential feature for providing reliable solutions, especially in real world applications. We show that holonic MAS can be effectively used for traffic signals control as a robust modeling method.


We present nonlinear refractive results for three different systems produced by ion implantation: high purity silica substrates with silicon quantum dots (Si-QDs), silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), and one sample containing both. We used a femtosecond optical Kerr gate (OKG) with 80 fs pulses at 830 nm to investigate the magnitude and response time of their nonlinear response. The Ag-NPs samples were prepared implanting 2 MeV Ag2+ ions at different fluencies. A sample with 1×1017 ions/cm2 showed no discernible Kerr signal, while for one with 2.4×1017 ions/cm2 we measured |χ(3)|1111 = 5.1×10-11 esu. The Si-QDs sample required irradiation with 1.5 MeV Si2+ ions, at a 2.5×1017 ions/cm2 fluence in order that the OKG results for this sample yielded a similar |χ(3)|1111 value. The sample containing the Si-QDs was then irradiated by 1 MeV Ag2+ ions at a 4.44 × 1016 ions/cm2 fluence and thermally treated, for which afterward we measured |χ(3)|1111 = 1.7×10−10 esu. In all cases the response time was quasi-instantaneous. These results imply that the inclusion of Ag-NPs at low fluence, enhances the nonlinearity of the composite by a factor of around three, and that this is purely electronic in nature. Pump-probe results show that there is not any nonlinear absorption present. We estimate that the confinement effect of the Si-QDs in the sample plays an important role for the excitation of the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) related to the Ag-NPs. A theoretical model that describes the modification of the third order nonlinearity is also presented.


In 1979, Sri Lanka replaced a four-decade-old food subsidy scheme characterized by general price subsidies and quantity rationing of rice, the main staple...


One of the crucial-cultural matters experienced by all colonialized nations, such as Indonesia, is their incapability in becoming free from the shackles of colonialism syndrome not to mention in fine arts. Indeed, this study focuses on firstly, describing the construction of Western character hegemony found in fine arts in Indonesia; and secondly, identifying a possible solution for the issue of Western hegemony in Indonesian fine arts. The qualitative-hermeneutic approach was used to explain that phenomenon. The data of this research are based on data sources of Indonesian art phenomena, which are diachronic in nature, to obtain a macro-fundamental landscape of meaning, as opposed to synchronic ones whose focus is narrow or specific. The research instrument is the researcher himself, as a human instrument. While the technical analysis of the data is descriptive qualitative. The analysis of data revealed the following results. West hegemony has become an obsession curse beyond all of desire, in its cultural performance in this postcolonial era. This is what merely called the 'becoming white' phenomenon. In Indonesian contexts, the construction of this phenomenon particularly in fine arts world is manifested in its hegemonic historiography embodiment that is dissolved in the Western centric mainstream. Hence, a set of strategic cultural processes are necessary to be conducted for the sake of finding the best solution towards that problem. And one of the processes is by conducting methodological deconstruction over all knowledge epistemologies including fine arts knowledge existed and owned by this nation.


Womens intake of milk and therefore calcium falls precipitously after puberty posing a public health concern for increased risk of osteoporosis. This study collected quantitative data regarding young womens knowledge attitudes and health practices related to osteoporosis. The 39 item questionnaire was validated and had a reliability of 0.76 as determined by a test/retest The random telephone survey of 200 women aged 18 to 35 years showed clear recognition of the term of osteoporosis by the higher educated higher income women. Attitudes were not however correlated with age income or education but osteoporosis was a concern. Participants however recognized that an individual has control over the disease. Regarding intake of dairy foods no correlation was noted with age income or ethnicity while the women with less than high school education reported greater intakes. Intake of dairy foods was not correlated with knowledge scores. This study does suggest the that an increasing percentage of women are aware of osteoporosis but may not be taking appropriate steps to minimize their own risk providing a basis for health education efforts. (authors)


Disclosed are a network attack judgement method, a secure network data transmission method and a corresponding device. In the application, a browser client acquires an attack rule made by a rule configuration server, and after acquiring feedback information returned by a network according to a webpage browsing request, determines, according to a comparison result of the attack rule and the feedback information, whether the webpage browsing request is under a network attack, thereby solving the problem in the prior art of failing to recognize a network attack. Moreover, after the browser client determines that the request is under a network attack, network data transmission is performed in a secure mode, which can avoid the influence of the network attack and improve the security of the network data transmission.


The use of natural aggregates is increasing day by day due to the new innovations and development taking place in the construction field. Because of these reasons the reuse of demolished constructional waste came into existence so that the solid waste can be minimized thereby reducing the scarcity of natural aggregates. Currently, about 33 million tonnes of copper slag is being generated yearly worldwide. Among that about 6 to 6.5 million tonnes is being contributed by Construction works. Copper slag, an abrasive blasting grit made of granulated slag is gaining importance these days. This work makes use of using copper slag as a replacement for the fine aggregate, M-sand. Rice Husk Ash which is one of the main waste product from agricultural field is also used here along with copper slag. The work also checks on the suitability of using Rice Husk Ash in construction field. The use of these wastes from agricultural and industrial field helps to reduce manufacturing costs as well as the selling price which makes it affordable. Moreover, the problem of disposal of the waste can also be minimized to a certain extend. The work also focuses in analyzing and comparing the strength of the manufactured tile with that of ordinary tile. For this four different mixes were prepared by adding copper slag in proportions of 25%,20%,15% and 10% and rice husk ash in proportions of 5%,10%,15%,20% respectively, keeping an equal percentage of 40% clay and 30% red soil in almost all mixes. Experimental investigation like Compressive strength test, Flexural strength test, Water absorption test were carried out for all the prepared mixes. Variations in the experimental results for these different mixes were studied and thus the most suitable and effective mix out of these which can be used for making roofing tile was identified. Keywords—Copper slag, Rice Husk Ash, Compressive strength, Flexural strength , Water absorption


Studies on the lipid constituents of grape seeds, produced as by-product from white grape processing, were carried out. Gas liquid chromatography was used to determine the composition of fatty acid methyl esters and sterol silyl derivatives of the oil. The oil was found to contain appreciable amount of unsaturated fatty acids, namely, oleic and linoleic acids, however, linolenic acid was not detected. Saturated fatty acids, namely, palmitic and stearic were found to be present in reasonable amounts. Myristic, palmitoleic, eicosanoic and eicosadienoic acids were detected as minor components. Isofucosterol was found among the other sterol constituents namely, campesterol, stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol. HPLC analysis of the oil for determination of tocopherols, showed the presence of alpha-and gamma-tocotrienols, and alpha-and gamma-tocopherols to the extent of 53.2, 28.6, 16,4 and 1,8% respectively. The total tocopherols content of the oil was 470 ppm. The defatted meal of grape seeds was found to contain 24,6% protein which contained large proportions of all the essential amino acids as determined by amino acid analyzer.


The main purpose of the research was to develop a low-cost pressure sensor system which can be used to capture human sole (plantar) pressure during the loaded phase of walking accurately. The known factors for causing the development of foot (such as plantar) pain, foot strain and foot ulcer were unusual high peak plantar pressure, high pressure gradient and high foot tissue shear value during the support phase of walking where body weight is loaded onto the foot. Precise pressure data is crucial in the monitoring and treatment of these illnesses. In this investigation, off-the-shelf pressure thin-sheet sensor pads manufactured by ShuntMode MatrixArray®) were assembled, calibrated and tested for the acquisition of pressure data. Test results show that the low-cost system is suitable for high-quality pressure data acquisition. Therefore, low-cost thin-sheet pressure pads can be used to assemble large precise pressure sensing systems for many applications such as in health and industry.


Old sulphonylureas have been linked with adverse cardiovascular effects; however, data on the clinical implications are sparse. We examined the association between use of sulphonylureas and other antidiabetic drugs and the risk and case fatality rate (CFR) of myocardial infarction (MI) in a population-based case–control and follow-up study, respectively. A total of 6738 cases of first-time MI and 67,374 age- and gender-matched population controls were identified from the Hospital Discharge Registry and the Civil Registration System of North Jutland County, Denmark, in the period 1994 through 2002. Prescriptions for antidiabetic drugs before the index date were retrieved from a prescription database. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) of MI (case–control study) and 30-day CFR (follow-up study) associated with antidiabetic drug use adjusted for possible confounding factors and using nondiabetic subjects as the reference group. The risk of MI appeared higher among users of old sulphonylureas (adjusted OR, 2.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.81–2.37) than among users of new sulphonylureas (adjusted OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.01–1.84). The adjusted ORs among users of nonsulphonylurea oral antidiabetic drugs, insulin, and patients with diabetes not receiving pharmacotherapy were 1.38 (95% CI, 0.90–2.11), 2.56 (95% CI, 2.16–3.03), and 3.51 (95% CI, 2.92–4.22), respectively. The overall 30-day CFR was 24.6%, but varied between 9.5% and 37.0% among the different categories. New sulphonylureas may be associated with a lower risk of MI than old sulphonylureas. Furthermore, the 30-day CFR may vary according to type of antidiabetic drug. These differences indicate the need for further examination of the cardiovascular safety of antidiabetic drugs.


Before taking up the potsherds again, two slight corrections are in order. Stekelis is wrong about the occurrence of flint arrow-heads in Jericho VIII (to judge only from Miss Crowfoot's detailed account in the Liverpool Annals of Archaeology and Anthropology, Vol. XXII, pp. 174 ff.): arrow-heads of flint were frequent in Stratum IX but did not appear in VIII. Again, when he refers to the occurrence of herringbone design at Ghassfil, he fails to mention the fact that none is published from the double stratum IVA-B, which was extensively explored by Mallon, Koeppel and their assistants, and has been more fully published in Ghass8l II (1940). Only one good example was published in Ghass8il I, but it was found in Stratum II (following Koeppel's tentative terminology), over ten feet (3 m.) below the surface. In Stratum III a single very much debased specimen of herring-bone design was found. Neither of these earlier levels can safely be called " Ghassulian," since this term must be reserved for the culture of the top double stratum. After further excavations have cleared up the underlying sequence of cultures a revision of terminology will probably be in order. I should be tempted to link the pottery deposit of Abfi Usba' with this pre-Ghassulian herring-bone ceramic culture 5 if we could put the flint culture of Abft Usba" between Jericho IX and Ghassfil. If Stekelis is right in saying that the latter sequence is not possible, I can only insist again that something must be wrong with the stratification of his site. Such heterogeneous bones, flints and sherds can come only from heterogeneous deposits. We are dealing here with long periods, probably lasting centuries, and not with short phases of a few decades, where unexpected oscillations of such nature are conceivable.


The requirements for first class nuclear reactor components in ASME and RCC M Standards were represented by K IR -( T-RT NDT ) curve. It contains K Ia , K Id and K J Ic . For K J Ic , there are the Chinese and foreign standard test methods. For K Ia , there is only one standard test method issued by U.S.A. But there is no test method at all for K Id . So in order to study or test fracture toughness of the nuclear reactor materials, first the standard test method was studied and established and then the static and dynamic fracture toughness of nuclear reactor vessel steel 508 3, and K Ia , K Id , K J Ic at different temperatures were obtained. The results showed that the static and dynamic fracture toughness of steel 508 3 satisfies the requirements for first class nuclear reactor components.


This article reads several works of African American literature that depict the urban roofscape as a site of contemporary fugitive praxis, made in and against the enclosures of 20th century urban space. The forms of freedom rehearsed on the roof are intersecting, overlapping and, at times, contradictory. Ultimately, I argue that the roofscape offers an analytic object through which to explore the thorny questions of property, gender, enclosure, and mobility—questions that enrich and complicate the study of fugitive geographies and their use as models for escaping and living outside of the violent enclosures of gendered racial capitalism. The multivalence of the rooftop provides an opportunity to dwell with the complex questions of fugitive method: What forms do geographies of fugitivity take? Who do they limit or enable? And under what conditions? How do fugitive geographies both sustain and break from the social, political, and economic relations from which their producers flee?


nderstanding the musical/mathematical U wisdom encoded within the Lambdoma matrix can lead to the invention of new devices and procedures for the engineering and medical communities. For example, the Lambdoma matrix, with its ability to define only harmonic interval sounds, suggests a new method to test the effects of harmonic music on human adaptation. By becoming familiar with the structure of the Lambdoma matrix, we learn that this combining of music with mathematics becomes a key for unlocking doors for the further understanding of color, music, frequency, wavelength, shape, and angle. The ancient history of the Lambdoma reveals that, in the past, rational numbers were directly linked to harmonic and subharmonic series in a matrix that can be translated into one-to-one correspondences with musical harmonic interval keynotes. When a decoding of whole-number ratios to musical harmonic frequencies (in Hertz) occurs, specific harmonic musical intervals may be audibly generated by computerized devices. The benefit of this translation allows many levels of insights to be unveiled to the practitioner, as well as to the listener.


Artificial intelligence (AI) hardware is positioned to unlock revolutionary computational abilities across diverse fields ranging from fundamental science [1] to medicine [2] and environmental science [3] by leveraging advanced semiconductor chips interconnected in vast distributed networks. However, AI chip development has far outpaced that of the networks that connect them, as chip computation speeds have accelerated a thousandfold faster than communication bandwidth over the last two decades [4, 5]. This gap is the largest barrier for scaling AI performance [6, 7] and results from the disproportionately high energy expended to transmit data [8], which is two orders of magnitude more intensive than computing [9]. Here, we show a leveling of this long-standing discrepancy and achieve the lowest energy optical data link to date through dense 3D integration of photonic and electronic chips. At 120 fJ of consumed energy per communicated bit and 5.3 Tb/s bandwidth per square millimeter of chip area, our platform simultaneously achieves a twofold improvement in both energy consumption and bandwidth density relative to prior demonstrations [10, 11]. These improvements are realized through employing massively parallel 80 channel microresonator-based transmitter and receiver arrays operating at 10 Gb/s per channel, occupying a combined chip footprint of only 0.32 mm2. Furthermore, commercial complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) foundries fabricate both the electronic and photonic chips on 300 mm wafers, providing a clear avenue to volume scaling. Through these demonstrated ultra-energy efficient, high bandwidth data communication links, this work eliminates the bandwidth bottleneck between spatially distanced compute nodes and will enable a fundamentally new scale of future AI computing hardware without constraints on data locality.


Along with the fast development of mobile communication,it was implemented well remote monitoring wireless transmission of long-range infinite objects belonging to the private user,based on technology of VPN and CDMA1X.CDMA1X improved the opening,flexibility and moving of the remote monitoring system.VPN technology implemented the combination of private Network,CDMA Network and Internet.It was introduced the technology using at the wireless transmission platform of dredging engineering ship realized communication between direction center and working spots,and provided the decision basis in order to improve dredging efficiency


A dead whale was washed ashore at a place called Kannanparambu, about Ix km. south of South Beach, one of the fish landing centres of Calicut on the afternoon
of 25th May 1966. The whale was first noticed that morning off Vellayil fish landing centre with its ventral portion rising out of water surface. The fishermen at first mistook the same for an upturned boat, but as they observed it at close quarters, they could recognise the whale (Fig. 1). On an examination, it was found to be in a putrefied state, though not in an advanced state of decomposition.


Automatic facial landmark localization is a challenging problem for real world images because of face pose variations and occlusions. This paper proposes a unified framework to robustly locate facial landmarks under different poses and occlusions. Instead of explicitly modeling the statistical point distribution, we use a sparse linear combination to approximate the observed shape, and hence alleviate the multi-pose problem. In addition, we use the sparsity constraint to handle outliers caused by occlusions. We also model the initial misalignment and use convex optimization techniques to solve them simultaneously and efficiently. We evaluated the proposed method extensively on both synthetic and real data. The experimental results are promising on handling pose variations and occlusions.


A new conflict analysis model based on the rough set theory is developed in this paper to resolve the dispute among agents. A strategic conflict is a situation in which two or more agents have to make independent choices in face of differing interests about possible outcomes for the agents. Among the formal methodologies that handle strategic conflict, DEJA model and PAWLAK model are two effective methods based on the rough set theory for conflict analysis. In this paper, the extended DEJA model is proposed and employed to model and analyze a conflict of E-commerce between consumer and seller.


Based on the concept of ecological corridor and the circumstances of cultivated land was occupied with the process of ecological corridor development,and take the ecological corridor planning of Xishan Scenic District in Huzhou,s new east district as an example,to explore to the sustainable development of agriculture,the interests of farmers,especially discussing the strategy of sustainable agricultural industrial development,rural area preserving strategy,planning of life and employment of farmers.The new figure of " three rural" relying on ecological corridor was constructed,and it also promoted the structural optimization and space co-ordination of urban and rural ecosystems.


Student speech has and continues to be a contested issue in schools. The Supreme Court ruled in Tinker that students do not shed their rights at the schoolhouse gate; in the Kuhlmeier and Fraser decisions, however, the Court gave school officials greater latitude in regulating student speech, especially when it bears the imprimatur of the school. However, in its Frederick decision, the Court established school officials as the arbiters of the meaning of student speech. This article explores the underlying values in schools that rejected the speech of Fraser while accepting the speech act of cheerleaders' dance routines. It examines how the interpretation of these speech acts by school officials contributes to gender reproduction, with all the inequalities imposed.


The theory required to extract detailed motional information from NMR relaxation times of nuclei in an amino acid side chain containing multiple internal rotation axes attached to a large macromolecule of at least cylindrical symmetry is developed. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of 13C‐NMR of protonated carbons where dipolar relaxation is predominant. Extension to other relaxation processes is straightforward. The spectral density from which the relaxation times can be calculated is obtained for various models for the motion of the side chain. The existing theory which assumes that internal rotations are both independent and free is generalized to incorporate excluded volume effects in a heuristic way by restricting the amplitude of the internal rotations. It is found that small amplitude motions are ineffective in causing relaxation. Thus jump models involving a relatively small number of configurations are appropriate to describe the motion of the side chain. The advantage of jump models is twofold:...


This thesis makes a study on how regional innovation policies facilitate
economic development in different regions of China from 2000 to 2014. To
analyze this question, it chooses Beijing and Shenzhen as two case studies and
describes regional innovation policies from two perspectives: new path
development perspective and smart specialization perspective. Our results find
that Beijing as a core region selected path creation to develop economy while
Shenzhen as an old industrial region promoted path branching. In addition,
both of regions made efforts to develop institutional variety and institutional
integration.


Dye Sensitized solar cells (DSSC) can use two types of coloring, namely dyesderived from organic and inorganic materials. The choice of natural dyes ispreferred by looking at the enormous potential of biodiversity in Indonesia,where there are still many untapped especially for plants that have a tendency tobe colored or contain chromophore dyes such as chlorophyll (play a role in theabsorption of light for photosynthesis). The wavelength when characterizing thedye as a solar cell must be in the visible area (400 to 800nm). In this study thenatural dyes used are bebele leaves and kangkung which grow on the island ofLombok. The wavelength obtained for fresh bebele is 553nm, 605 nm and 665nm.The wavelength obtained for fresh kangkung leaf is 664.5 nm with the highestabsorption peak. From the results of the absorption stated that natural dyes havechlorophyll a and b groups which are absorbed in the UV-Vis region 600nm to700nm which means that they absorb the red most strongly. In the measurementof current strength and efficiency with multimeters on organic dyes in a row thatis fresh bebele leaves5 μA /cm2; 0.156; fresh kangkung leaves 4.2 μA/cm2; 0,131;dried bebele leaves 4 μA/cm2; 0.13; dried kangkung leaf 3 μA /cm2; 0.088.


How to explore the interaction between image aesthetic rules and crops is the key to finding views with good composition. Besides, it is subjective to evaluate candidate crops, which mainly depends on aesthetic knowledge, but it is not an easy task for people without extensive photography experience. However, existing methods mostly find good views by extracting general aesthetic features of crops without fully exploring the aesthetic rules. Motivated by this, we innovatively propose a composition-guided image cropping aesthetic assessment network (CGICAANet) for efficiently finding good crops and optimizing the cropping operation. Specifically, we adopt a direct and comprehensive composition pattern module, which adaptively mines suitable compositions for the images and emphasizes the dominant position of visual elements to contribute to optimizing the best crops in an interpretable way. Moreover, we designed a multi-task loss function to train the model. Particularly, to explore the commonality between predicted crops and labels, the complete intersection-over-union loss is adopted thoroughly considering the overlap area, central point distance and the consistency of aspect ratios for crops concurrently. Therefore, the predicted best crop can preserve the visual elements and have better composition. Experimental results with lightweight MobileNetV2 and ShuffleNetV2 as backbone networks demonstrate that our method can obtain comparable or better performance in terms of efficiency and accuracy.


In the period of the 12th five-year plan,the acceleration of the market-oriented interest rate is irreversible.While the market-oriented interest rate can't be accomplished at one stroke which must have certain basic conditions including main market players,market rules,market benchmark,market supervision,etc.To further propel the marketization of interest rate,it must strive to maintain good macroeconomic operation environment,constantly improve modern corporate system taking corporate governance as the core,promote the healthy development of the financial market,cultivate and improve market-oriented benchmark interest rate and improve the level of financial supervision and ability of macroeconomic control.


Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) is an essential regulator of cell proliferation, survival and apoptosis, depending on the cellular context. TGF‐β1 is also known to affect cell‐to‐cell interactions between tumour cells and stromal cells. We investigated the role of TGF‐β1 in the survival of myelo‐monocytic leukaemia cell lines co‐cultured with bone marrow (BM)‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Treatment with recombinant human (rh)TGF‐β1 inhibited spontaneous and cytarabine‐induced apoptosis in U937 cells, most prominently in U937 cells directly attached to MSCs. Conversely, the pro‐survival effects of TGF‐β1 were inhibited by LY2109761 or TGF‐β1 neutralizing antibody. rhTGF‐β1 increased pro‐survival phosphorylation of Akt, which was inhibited by LY2109761. The combination of rhTGF‐β1 and MSC co‐culture induced significant upregulation of C/EBPβ gene (CEBPB) and protein expression along with increased C/EBPβ liver‐enriched activating protein: liver‐enriched inhibitory protein ratio, suggesting the novel role of C/EBPβ in TGF‐β1‐mediated U937 cell survival in the context of stromal cell support. In summary, these results indicate that TGF‐β1 produced by BM stromal cells promotes the survival and chemoresistance of leukaemia cells under the direct cell‐to‐cell interactions. The blockade of TGF‐β signalling by LY2109761, which effectively inhibited the pro‐survival signalling, may enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy against myelo‐monocytic leukaemic cells in the BM microenvironment.