D igital payment methods have gained increasing traction in recent years with the introduction of tap-and-go debit cards, e-wallets (e.g., Apple Pay, PayPal and Google Pay), and the rise in wearable and mobile devices, allowing frictionless and contactless purchases at retail and online stores. Superimposed on this trend is the COVID-19 pandemic that has highlighted the potential health risks of handling cash in spreading infections and consequently has accelerated the transition of customers and retailers embracing digital payment methods. On the advice of health authorities, governments acted to recommend businesses and customers use contactless digital payment methods (that is, avoidance of handling cash) to minimize potential transmissions of the COVID-19 virus. The gambling industry is one of the only industries which has a regulatory requirement to avoid the adoption of digital payments; consequently, most gambling venues internationally are heavily reliant on cash transactions, although there are distinctions between gambling and non-gambling spend. This requirement to use cash at gaming machines and tables in venues is at odds with the increasing shift in consumer preference and technological advances supporting digital transactions. The COVID-19 crisis has accelerated existing international trends relating to the increased adoption of digital payment methods, and the reduced use of cash suggests that in the near future, gambling regulators will have to respond to the increasing demand for digital payments for gambling. This article aims to outline the fundamental principles and guidelines informing how policies designed to enable digital payments for gambling can mitigate potential risks through effective harm-minimization components. This article comes at a critical time when the current health crisis is accelerating existing consumer preferences and influencing regulatory decisions and industry preferences, and questions are increasingly considered as to whether the use of cash will become obsolete in an increasingly digital economy.


: Esu Elegbara is a popular deity in Yoruba religion and worldview. There have however been gross misconceptions about its identity, while many people believe that it is the same as biblical Satan, others are of the view that it is one of the divinities in Yoruba tradition. This paper therefore aims at examining the true identity of Esu Elegbara the development which it is believed will bridge the age long generational gap among different believers. Being a historical research, the work employs historical method in its analysis. The findings reveal that Esu Elegbara was a personality whose parents hailed from Ketu while Satan as described in the bible was one of the falling Angels known as Lucifer and Morning Star.


A height-adjustable circular LED down lamp comprises a reflecting cover, an outer ring, an LED light source module and a radiating component. The outer ring is in fitting joint with a cover opening end of the reflecting cover, the LED light source module is arranged at a cover bottom end of the reflecting cover, the radiating component is connected with the LED light source module, the height-adjustable circular LED down lamp is provided with a height-adjustable support component which comprises a support body, a supporting spring plate, an adjusting spring plate and a fastening component, one end of the support body is fixedly connected with the outer ring, the other end of the support body is fixedly connected with the radiating component, one end of the supporting spring plate is fixedly connected with the support body, the other end of the supporting spring plate is abutted to the outer wall of the reflecting cover, a slot hole is arranged on the support body, and the adjusting spring plate is detachably connected with the slot hole of the support body via the fastening component. When the height-adjustable circular LED down lamp is compared with the prior art, the adjusting spring plate in the support component is detachably connected with the slot hole of the support body, so that the height between the reflecting cover and a ceiling is adjusted, and the height-adjustable circular LED down lamp can be matched with the reflecting cover at different angels, and further has the advantages of flexible assembly and simple structure.


Copolymer networks of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) exhibit large changes in their swelling behavior over a narrow pH range due to the reversible formation/dissociation of interpolymer complexes between the polymer chains. Interpolymer complexation occurs in copolymer gels of PMAA and PEG due to hydrogen bonding between protonated acid groups and the ether groups of the PEG. Because of their nature, these gels have been identified for use as delivery vehicles for macromolecular drugs. In this work, solid-state, nuclear magnetic resonance nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) experiments were performed to detect the molecular level complexation between PMAA and deuterated PEG in copolymer blends and crosslinked networks. For gels swollen in acidic media at room temperature or at 37°C, strong enhancements were detected in the 13 C resonance of the PEG carbons. The NOE was generated due to energy transfer between the rapidly rotating methyl group protons and the deuterated PEG carbons. The presence of the NOE was indicative of close packing of the polymer chains and was evidence of the presence of the intermacromolecular complexes. In basic solutions, no NOE was detected in the PEG, as the complexes were dissociated and the chains were separated in space.


A major goal for NASA's human spaceflight program is to send astronauts to near-Earth asteroids (NEA) in the coming decades. Missions to NEAs would undoubtedly provide a great deal of technical and engineering data on spacecraft operations for future human space exploration while conducting in-depth scientific examinations of these primitive objects. However, before sending human explorers to NEAs, robotic investigations of these bodies would be required to maximize operational efficiency and reduce mission risk. These precursor missions to NEAs would fill crucial strategic knowledge gaps concerning their physical characteristics that are relevant for human exploration of these relatively unknown destinations. Dr. Paul Abell discussed some of the physical characteristics of NEOs that will be relevant for EVA considerations, reviewed the current data from previous NEA missions (e.g., Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) Shoemaker and Hayabusa), and discussed why future robotic and human missions to NEAs are important from space exploration and planetary defense perspectives.


A device core logic testing of analog signals with minimal area overhead for measuring on chip voltages in digital circuits can be adopted by built-in-self-test in a distributed architecture. Here for measuring this analog voltage, the subsampled signal pair is fed to delay measurement to measure the skew between this pair.The routing of analog signals over long paths can be minimized by using clock gating. A clock is routed serially to the nodes of analog test voltage with consists of delay cells, flipflops. However the test voltage to a scheme between pair of signals raise to the signal pair at node.


We propose a method to estimate people travel modes and trajectories from control signal records generated at cellular base stations (BSs) when mobile phones send BSs any signal. User locations can be roughly identified by BS IDs in the records as well as the locations of BSs. However, the location accuracy depends on BS cell size, which is not enough to estimate people travels. Therefore, our method leverages geographical information such as stations, railway networks and road networks. We firstly extract railway passengers and automobile travelers based on roughly estimated speeds and trajectories. Then, we further estimate travel paths for automobiles and boarded trains for railway passengers by applying a likelihoodbased estimator. Simulation results show that our method achieves 88% recall and 89% precision for railway passenger extraction and 85% accuracy for boarded train estimation if each mobile phone's communication frequency exceeds 9 times per hour. We also confirm that our method achieves 75% recall and 70% precision for automobile travel extraction and 64% accuracy for automobile travel path estimation.


Dusting of polyethelen and jute sacks with Fenitrotion 1%, Deltamethrin 1% and Bendiocarb 0.1% at the rate of 500 and 1300 mg/m using Manual duster were carried out and stored in open shaunas up to 3 months in Ismailia and Gharbia governorates to evaluate the persistence against 4test insects (sitophilus oryzae(L.), Rhizopertha dominica(F.), Trogoderma granarium Everst and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults. Considering pest mortality and germination. Results indicated that :Tested insecticides were more persistence on polyethelen sacks than on Jute fabrics. Protection of stored wheat graing was more succeesful in Ismailia governorate than in Gharbia governorate at all storage periods and tested doses. Fenitrothion insecticide was more effective in moiety in killing tested insects on the two doses and experimental sacks at the two governorates. It gave complete protection (100%mortality) With high dose (1300mg/m) using polyethelen sacks for the three storage months, in Ismailia governorate However, gradual decrease in protection was occured when using Jute sacks (70/mortality) Residual efficiency of bendiocarb at 1300 mg/m was the least, it gave a complete protection of grain (100% mortality) for one month only in the two governorate, and decreased after 2 and 3 on months in polyethelen sacks showing 81%, 70% and 79%, 74% in Ismailia and Gharbia governorates, respectively whereas, sharp decrease of efficiency was detected with Jute sacks, it gave 19% and12% mortality after 3 months in the tested governorate, respectively . Deltamethrin insecticide gave intermediate in its efficiency on both tested sacks and doses in the two governorates . The treatments did not impair the germination of seeds under various treatments at the two tested governorates. PERSISTENCE OF SOME INSECTICIDES ON POLYETHELENE AND JUTE SACKS IN THE PROTECTION OF STORED WHEAT GRAIN AGAINST SOME STORED PRODUCT INSECTS 68


we can get within their minds, to some degree at least, and see life from thelrpecullarpolnt of vIew To do that we must leam what goes on in thelr 'spirtual cultural area'. By that fancy phrase I simply mean what remains after the tangible and vIsIble part Is cleared away. I mean such ethical values and moral princlples as a people dlscovers to lIVe by and that make It a group dIstinct from Its neighbors. I mean all those


The present clinical study was carried out in Saurastra region of Gujarat. Total 12 animals affected with various kinds of genital prolapses were studied. The animals were divided into two groups of 6 each. Animals affected with genital prolapses treated by vaginopexy and button fixation in group 1 and 2, respectively. Both the technique was done by administering epidural anaesthesia in animals. Half circled "U" shaped needle was used in vaginopexy technique and straight needle was used for button fixation technique. A marked pus formation was observed in button fixation technique as compared to vaginopexy technique. The duration of postoperative treatment was less in vaginopexy technique as compared to the button fixation technique. Overall, the vaginopexy was significantly better and excellent then the button fixation technique.


In order to control the altitude of the quadrotor aircraft, an altitude control algorithm was proposed. Firstly, on the basis of analyzing the principle of quadrotor flight, a mathematical model of quadrotor was established. Secondly, feedforward control link and transition process link were arranged to PID feedback controller to enhance the control performance and altitude control precision of the quadrotor aircraft. Finally, the experimental results show that this control algorithm can well control the altitude of the quadrotor aircraft.


Abstract In order to provide insight for employers in maintaining a mentally healthy and productive workforce, it is essential to understand how bereaved employees experience workplace support. A global literature search was conducted between February 2018 and April 2018, resulting in 15 papers directly matching stipulated inclusion and exclusion criteria. Three common themes emerged from the data, namely Instrumental Support, Informational Support and Emotional Support. Findings suggest that while various employers endeavoured to show sympathy and flexibility to bereaved employees, others were found to be less responsive with certain areas of workplace support being reported as insufficient.


Apparatus and process conditions are described for the chemical vapor deposition (DVD) of thin (0.5 to 5 $mu$m) metal shells onto hollow microspheres to alter their physical characteristics and to increase their strength. The metals including Ni, Mo, Re, and Mo--Re, are deposited from the pyrolysis of their carbonyls onto the substrates in small volume (0.2 to 10 ml) fluid beds at reduced pressures, usually from 50 to 400 Torr (6.6 kPa to 53.3 kPa). The substrates, ranging in size from approx. 40 $mu$m to 200 $mu$m, have very low mass and high surface to mass ratios and do not form conventional fluid beds. The procedures for coating these substrates have been modified to permit coating and recovering a few (approx. 20 particles) very carefully selected microspheres. Techniques developed to form freestanding thin wall metal microspheres by leaching soluble substrates through porous CVD shells which are then overcoated to close the pores and to increase the wall thickness are discussed. Some of the destructive and nondestructive tests used to evaluate the coated and gas-filled microspheres are described. Some of the CVD Mo/Re coatings proved to be superconducting. 15 fig (auth)


Under the background of the continuous development of high-tech information technology and the continuous improvement of science and technology level, cities should constantly improve their intelligence and informatization level, and integrate them into a complete system, as they undertake the functions of promoting economic development and developing society. In December 2018, the State Council released the 13th Five-Year National Informatization Plan, and deployed a new smart city construction campaign. As far as smart cities are concerned, the Internet of Things and cloud computing are the core technologies of construction, and their own advantages make them the inevitable outcome of the future development. Therefore, this paper mainly describes the application research based on the key technologies of smart city construction, and mainly makes a more in-depth analysis of each core technology in the construction process, so as to provide reference for relevant personnel. The article analyzes the important value of big data in the construction of smart cities, and puts forward suggestions for the construction of smart cities in the context of big data, with a view to providing a strong reference for China's urban development and smart city construction.


The use of musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is increasing with diagnostic, prognostic and treatment advantages for inflammatory disease. However, further work is required to determine its utility in podiatry clinics regarding diagnosis and management of lower limb pathology. The overall objective was to investigate the agreement between clinical and MSUS diagnoses and the impact of MSUS on treatment planning.

 Consecutive patients attending a rheumatology clinic at the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital Podiatry Department, Glasgow were invited to participate. Clinical diagnosis of foot problems and structures affected was conducted by a single experienced podiatrist (JT). MSUS assessment of affected structures was then conducted by a single podiatrist with US training (LN) using an Esaote MyLabAlpha portable US machine using two linear array transducers (IH6-18 and SL2325) with a range of 6-18MHz. Ultrasound findings were made available to the podiatrist responsible for diagnosis and management (JT) and any amendments to the diagnosis or treatment plan were recorded.

 A total of 23 participants were recruited, 7 male and 16 female with a mean (SD) age of 54 (14) years. Across a range of pathologies, agreement between clinical examination and MSUS was 55% (Table 1). Where disagreement occurred, a range of additional findings were reported from MSUS including bursae, osteomyelitis, active inflammation (joint and tendon) and gout. MSUS assessment confirmed the treatment plan for 15 patients (65%) and altered the treatment plan for 8 patients (35%). The alterations included: 2 onward referrals for further imaging/antibiotic therapy; 4 rehabilitation programme adjustments (based on presence or absence of active inflammation); 2 orthotic plan adjustments; and 2 where corticosteroid injection was no longer indicated.

 When compared with an experienced clinician's clinical diagnosis of foot pathology, MSUS agreed in just over half of the cases. Additional diagnostic findings from MSUS were reported in 45% of the sample. One third of the management plans were amended due to MSUS findings. Further work is required in a larger sample, but these findings provide provisional evidence of the utility of MSUS for enhancing the accuracy of diagnosis and the tailored management of lower limb pathology in rheumatology.

 L. Newcombe None. J. Tougher None. J. Woodburn None. R. Barn None.


The present study aimed to mold wood activated carbon (WAC) into a desired form using a MgO binder and to evaluate the mechanical strength and the air purification capacity of the molded WAC. The WAC was first powdered and then mixed with MgO powder (5-80 mass% of the WAC). A paste of mixed powder and water was then pressed at a pressure of 111.0 MPa and molded into a disk of φ 15.0 mm. The compressive strength of the molded WAC increased proportionally with the MgO level. Cementation related to the hydration of MgO contributed to the recorded increase in compressive strength. The ammonia adsorption capacity of the molded WAC decreased proportionally with the MgO level. K e y w o r d s : Molding compounds; Particlereinforcement; Activated carbon


OBJECTIVES
To investigate whether short-term N-acetylcysteine (NAC) infusion administered before and during extensive abdominal surgery could modify the progression of early postoperative organ dysfunction and systemic inflammatory response.

METHODS
After randomisation the treatment group (n = 47) received NAC (150 mg kg-1 bolus followed by a continuous infusion of 12 mg kg-1 h-1) and the placebo group (n = 46) received the same volume of 5% dextrose during surgery. Clinical progress was monitored by the Multiple organ dysfunction score, systemic inflammatory response by serum procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and microalbuminuria during the first 3 postoperative days. Mann-Whitney and chi 2 tests were used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS
There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the MODS, organ dysfunction, length of intensive care stay, days of mechanical ventilation and mortality. PCT and microalbuminuria did not differ significantly. Significantly lower CRP levels were found in the NAC group on day one and two [t24: median: 84.5 interquartile range: (62.48-120.25) vs. 118 (86-137) mg/l; p = 0.020; t48: 136 (103-232) vs. 195 (154.5-252) mg/l p = 0.013, NAC vs. placebo].

CONCLUSION
The results of this study do not support the routine use of NAC as a prophylactic drug during surgery, and reinforce previous evidence which challenge the indication of NAC in the critically ill patient.


Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of douche with two kinds of Sodium Hyaluronate glucocorticoid for gonarthromeningitis.Methods 100 cases of patients,50 men and 50 women with osteoarthritis related gonarthromeningitis,were randomized two groups.One group(group A) received douche with Sodium Hyaluronate A and glucocorticoid,the other group received douche with Sodium Hyaluronate B and glucocorticoid.We compared their clinical effects of short term and long term.Results Short term and long term clinical effects of A group of fineness and effective rate,efficiency is higher than the B group,but the difference was not statistically sognificant(P0.05).Conclusion Douche with Hyaluronate glucocorticoid and glucocorticoid for gonarthromeningitis is significant,it is worth promoting.


In current age,area and city with highly concentrated knowledge-oriented service industry are becoming the leading body in world economy.This article proposes opinions and measures to develop knowledge-oriented service industry in Ningbo city through harmonious development of various industries,introduction of systematic planning,expansion of financing channels,acceleration of talent cultivation,and strengthening of basic work based on the description of knowledge-oriented service industry,with reference to the general strategy of developing knowledge-oriented service industry initiated by Ningbo City Commission of Communist Party of China and Ningbo City People's Government,and survey results,and with consideration into the actual situation of and problems setting back the development of knowledge-oriented service industry in Ningbo city.


Reindeer herding is vitally important agricultural sector in Russian Far North regions. Meat, liver, kidneys and other offal are highly consumed by indigenous people and go for export, therefore problem of reindeer products safety related to chemical contamination is of both scientific and practical interest. Here, we report levels of dioxins, dl-PCBs, cadmium and mercury in reindeer meat, liver and kidneys determined in 704 individual samples of meat, liver and kidneys of reindeers (Rangifer tarandus tarandus and Rangifer tarandus sibiricus) from 8 main reindeer-herding regions of Russia within the broad geographical range from western to eastern border of the country, including Kola Peninsula, Nenets Autonomny Orkrug and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomny Orkrugs, Taymir Peninsula, Kamchatka and Chukotka. Stable organic pollutants, including dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, were determined by high-resolution chromatography-mass spectrometry and expressed as WHO toxic equivalents (WHO-TEQ). Toxic elements were determined by mass spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma. Dioxin pollution has shown clear geographical distribution. It reaches the highest level at the Kola Peninsula and decreases to the East. Heavy metal pollution did not show any geographical trends. In particular, dioxins concentration in reindeer liver varied from 42.2±10.6 pg WHO-TEQ/g of fat in Kola Peninsula to 1.2±0.6 WHO-TEQ/g of fat in Chukotka. We have also investigated сadmium and mercury levels in different feed samples (lichen, mushrooms, compound feed and forage grain). Literature analysis showed a significant decrease of dioxin levels in reindeer liver over the last 15 years, while cadmium and mercury content in reindeer liver and kidneys has increased dramatically. Causes of clear geographical distribution of dioxin pollution and significant rise of heavy metal contamination need further research. It was shown that cadmium poses the highest health risk. Consumption of reindeer offal in six out of 8 investigated regions may lead to cadmium intake exceeding the tolerable intake level more than threefold. In the meantime, consumption of reindeer meat poses no health risk related to any of the investigated contaminants. Taking into account growing interest to reindeer liver processing for food production, it is usable to take into account our data on possible risk of longtime consumption of reindeer offal.


Photodynamic therapy (PDT), in which stained cells are damaged by light in the presence of oxygen, is now widely used for tumor destruction. Photogenerated singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species cause oxidative stress and cell death. The potential ROS sensors and following intracellular processes leading to cell death are considered. The cell death mode (necrosis or apoptosis) is shown to be controlled not only by PDT parameters (irradiation intensity, intracellular photosensitizer localization and its concentration) but also by signal transduction processes. Calcium and adenylate cyclase signaling pathways, receptor tyrosine kinases, MAP kinases, phosphati- dylinositol 3-kinase pathway, various protein kinases and phosphatases, transcription factors, ceramide, NO, the plasma membrane, mito- chondria and endoplasmic reticulum are involved in the cell response to photodynamic injury and following death. Combination of PDT and pharmacological modulators of signaling pathways can either enhance injury of malignant cells, or protect surrounding normal cells.


Different ocean features usually appear in a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image simultaneously. This makes the image complicated and hard to understand. Because of lower signal-to-noise rate (SNR), it is much more difficult to separate different ocean features than to separate different land features. This paper presents a completely novel method to separate ocean features from multifrequency polarimetric SAR imagery. AIRSAR data are used in the case studies and good results are achieved. Multifrequency, Polarimetric, SAR, Ocean features, Separation


The present invention discloses a method for implementing and processing DTX bit in WCDMA system and its equipment. Said method adopts increment of indicating bit to discriminate active message bit from DTX bit, and uses the indicating bit to control extraction of DTX bit and ensures that the DTX bit can be extracted from active message before multiplication by power factor to attain the goal of power control. Said equipment includes channel code multiplex module, interface module, spread-spectrum and interference module and power control module. Said inventino can implement real time burst closed emission and power-decreasing emission, so it reduces complexity of power control module, and can simplify implement process and save system software and hardware.


The exemplary devices and processing techniques make it possible to work a plurality of measurement devices or chips in order to scan a screen that is greater than could scan a measuring device by a combined use of X or drive lines is made possible by the measurement means. Specific implementations of the subject matter described can be used to achieve one or more of the following advantages. The common use of the selection lines allows screens with more measurement nodes than the sum of the nodes that may be measured by the individual devices. For a screen, which requires a plurality of measuring devices, the common use of the control lines enables the use of a smaller number of measuring devices.


This paper analyses the evolution of the Sardinian economic system over the nineties, through a comparison of its performance with respect to other Italian regions. The paper examines the main aggregate variables (GDP, investment), the changes in the sectoral productive structure, the firms dynamics, the labour market. All economic indicators point out that, although Sardinia still shows a large gap from the northern regions, it has succeeded to overcome the low phase of the business cycle reached in the mid-nineties and it is now proceeding along a path of product and employment growth.


Ever since its foundation, Frauscher has followed an intensive strategy of global growth. Throughout the years, this approach has been implemented in a very sustainable way. In 2016, several milestones were achieved showing that Frauscher is on the right track to grow and remain as the market leader in a very competitive environment.


e18518Background: The development of reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens enabled allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (allo-HSCT) also for patients who had contraindication...


The authors discuss the principle and characteristics of the instantaneous voltage drop compensation, which protects against damage from instantaneous voltage drop in systems such as a computer, a variable speed drive, a high-voltage discharge lamp, and a magnet switch, when instantaneous voltage drop occurs, the control voltage that is the same as the normal utility voltage. The instantaneous voltage drop compensator has a condenser bank as the energy storage component, so the system can be made small and lightweight compared with uninterruptible power supplies.A 1 phi 100 V 3 kVA instantaneous voltage drop compensator has been designed, and the performance has been verified experimentally.<<ETX>>


A very simple method for resuming infinite series of the type (Sup)approximately=l=1(+or-1)l+1/l(n+1)2 cosh (la)K(n+1)2(lb) is presented. As a result a series expansion in powers of a and b is obtained, relevant to many physical applications.


The stability constants of the title mixed ligand complexes determined potentiometrically in 50% aqueous dioxane medium, follow the order Cu > Co> Zn > Ni with NT A as the primary ligand and Cu> Zn > Co > Ni with IMDA as the primary ligand. At higher concentrations of 2-aminophenol, in Co(Il)-IMDA-aminophenol system, both MLA and MLA2 are formed but in other systems only MLA is formed. KMLA values are in general less than KI (Amp) for simple 2-aminophenol complexes, and less or comparable to K2 (Amp), but for Co(II)-IMDA-aminophenol complex, KMLA is less than KI (Amp) but more than K2 (Amp).


In order to achieve commercial banks liquidity, safety and profitability objective requirements, loan portfolio risk analysis based optimization decisions are rational allocation of assets.  The risk analysis and asset allocation are the key technology of banking and risk management.  The aim of this paper, build a loan portfolio optimization model based on risk analysis.  Loan portfolio rate of return by using Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) constraint optimization decision model reflects the bank's risk tolerance, and the potential loss of direct control of the bank.  In this paper, it analyze a general risk management model applied to portfolio problems with VaR and CVaR risk measures by using Using the Lagrangian Algorithm.  This paper solves the highly difficult problem by matrix operation method.  Therefore, the combination of this paper is easy understanding the portfolio problems with VaR and CVaR risk model is a hyperbola in mean-standard deviation space.  It is easy calculation in proposed method.


Ethical leadership in many ways has become the oxymoron of the 2Ist century. We are bombarded by images ofpublic figures who have fallen due to ethical and legal violations. Consider events that have transpired in business, the media, public education, politics, sports, military, and even organized religion. It appears that no group or organization is immune from this contagion. Not in recent memory have we as a society been in such apparent desperate need to reconnect with our ethical foundations. As Craig Johnson, author of Meeting theEthicalChallenges ofLeadership , reminds us, it is important for leaders to avoid shadows and focus attention on casting an ethical light. Johnson argues that the shadows of deceit, power, and irresponsibility cast a pall over those for whom a leader has responsibility. Using the guiding metaphor of shadow and light throughout the text, Johnson illuminates standards and strategies necessary for ethical leadership in these complex times. He offers that leaders in all positions are constantly faced with challenges and choices, and when at the crossroad, the ethical leader must be prepared to pierce the shadow with foundational understandings of character, perspective, leadership, and decision making. Moreover, the leader must have the courage to act and shape ethical contexts and organizations. The book was designed as a core text for courses in the ethics of leadership. Therefore, this review will provide a general overview of the book as well as brief reviews of each of the chapters to better inform anyone who may wish to adopt this as a text. The book is divided into four key sections: the Shadow Side of Leadership, Looking Inward, Ethical Standards and Strategies, and Shaping Ethical Contexts. Each section builds upon the one before, but the sections


It is essential to know the mechanical properties of steel structures subjected to thermal loads, such as fire or unexpected temperature extremities. One of the key elements is the constitutive model at elevated temperature to evaluate the behavior of steel structures engaging thermal loads. This paper provides the constitution model induced from the enormous experimental testing carried out by the authors for ASTM A992 steel. ASTM A992 is the most common grade of high strength steel used for building structures in the U.S. and considered to be applied in Korean nuclear power plant in an immediate future.


Abstract Extract Investigations into herd-breeding problems frequently fail to reveal evidence of Brucellosis, Vibriosis, or Trichomoniasis, although the causes appear to be infectious. Sixteen out of 37 herd-breeding problems examined during the 1955 breeding season were considered due to such undiagnosed infection.


also affect ion release and ROS generation, thereby reducing membrane damage. If there are specific biomolecules in the corona that engage with the cellular receptors enhanced uptake can be facilitated.


The purpose of the article is to demonstrate an algorithm for decomposition of a monolithic neural network into a cascade of block neural networks for the fog computing by programmable devices. A neural network, all layers of which perform their calculations on the same computing device, is a monolithic neural network. We needed to divide the layers of this neural network into blocks of successive layers following each other. Each of these blocks will be executed on a separate computing device, and the intermediate results will be transmitted over the network between them.


Many 2,6-disubstitued biphenylenes were prepared which are expected to have liquid crystal properties; also 2,7-disubstituted biphenylenes, which might also show mesogenic properties, were synthesized.


AbstractIn many watersheds around the world where the importance of assessing a watershed as a whole is overlooked, new water resources projects are designed solely based on historic flow data. Such projects might fail to operate satisfactorily when designed without considering the uncertainties associated with future hydrologic changes. In this study, a system dynamics model (SDM) is developed to quantify the potential hydrologic impacts of future developments in parts of the Karkheh River basin, Iran, and assess their effects on hydroelectricity generation of existing and projected hydropower plants. Results indicate that upstream development could reduce future annual energy production by 254 GWh. Interbasin water transfer from the nearby Sirvan River basin to the Karkheh River basin was also investigated as a viable option to increase future energy production. Simulation results revealed that an average 88  GWh/year increase in electricity production can be achieved per 100×106  m3 of annual environme...


Communication industry has a need for economic low power generators for their remote sites with minimized power consumption. PhotoVoltaic generators (PV) promising hardware simplicity, low cost and low maintenance have the potential to fill this need. The operational record of PV generators is rather poor in harsh environment of the Canadian prairies. Our analysis of long term radiation data, field and laboratory tests show that often ignored cyclic winter radiation extremes and poor selection, operation and maintenance of batteries are the most frequent causes of PV system failures. We derive a reliable PV sizing curve for Edmonton (53°N, 114°W) and study various PV designs. At a cost of $20,000 per 100W a hybrid PV-TEG generator is shown to promise reliable operation which is not affected by extreme weather fluctuations of the Canadian prairies.


Previous X-ray and ultraviolet spectroscopy suggested that the Fe/O abundance ratio in NGC 1068 may be abnormally high. We have tested this suggestion by measuring and modeling the ASCA spec- trum of NGC 1068. We have measured some 15 X-ray lines, to an accuracy better than a factor of 2, and modeled the continuum in two di†erent ways. The -rst assumes that the hard X-ray continuum is the reNection of the nuclear source by two extended, photoionized gas components; a warm (T D 1.5 ) 105 K) gas and a hot (T D 3 ) 106 K) gas. All the observed emission lines are produced in this gas, and there is an additional, extended 0.6E3 keV pure continuum component. The model is similar to the one proposed by et al. The second model is a combination of a hard Marshall (1993). reNected continuum with a soft thermal plasma component. The calculations show that the emission lines in the photoionized gas model are in very good agreement with the observed ones assuming solar metallicity for all elements except for iron, which is more than twice solar, and oxygen, which is less than 0.25 solar. Models with solar oxygen are possible if the 0.5E1 keV continuum is weaker, but they do not explain the magnesium and silicon lines. The thermal model -t requires extremely low metallicity (0.04 solar) for all elements. We discuss these -ndings and compare them with the ASCA spectra of recently observed starburst galaxies. We argue that the apparent low metallicity of starburst galaxies, as well as of the extended nuclear source in NGC 1068, are inconsistent with galaxy chemical evolution. The expla- nation for this apparent anomaly is still unknown and may involve nonthermal continuum mechanisms and, in some cases, depletion onto grains. Given the strong H-like and He-like lines, as well as the prominent Fe L emission features, the origin of the soft X-ray lines in this source is more likely pho- toionized gas. We compare our model with the recent Fabian, & Matt paper. We also Iwasawa, (1997) show that Nuorescence lines of low-Z elements in AGNs are likely to be stronger than previously assumed.


Agriculture is changed by many new approaches in through of time. Today, many researchers are researching on robotic functions in all majors of sciences which agriculture is one of them. Success of robots in agriculture can be considered as one of the greatest revolution in agriculture. Purpose of this study is to investigate of robotics agricultural challenges for the best management in future by investigating of Iran's agriculture. Three stages future studies are selected as our research method for this purpose. Results show that there are many requirements for entire robots in agriculture and yet many works is needed in order to continue so many various researches, most of these research need governmental support. Finally, robots can be more influencing in agriculture industry if these tries can be successful and there will be a lot changes in this industry and robots will be as a part of agricultural activities at near future.


Metamorphic Ga0.76In0.24As heterostructures for PV converters of 1064 nm laser radiation have been grown by the MOCVD. Parameters of the GaInAs metamorphic buffer layer with a stepwise profile of In composition variation were calculated. Its epitaxial growth conditions have been optimized, which allowed improving collection of charge carriers from the n-GaInAs base region and obtaining the photo-response quantum yield of 83% at 1064 nm wavelength. It has been found that, due to discontinuity of valence bands at the In0.24Al0.76As- p/Ga0.76In0.24As-p heterointerface (window/emitter) a potential barrier for holes arises as a result of low carrier concentration in the wide-band-gap material. The use of InAlGaAs solid solution with Al concentration of < 40% has allowed raising the holes concentration in the wide-band-gap window, eliminating completely the potential barrier and reducing the device series resistance. Optimization of the PV converter metamorphic heterostructure has resulted in obtaining 1064 nm laser radiation conversion efficiency at the level of 38.5%.


We study a top-Higgs production process e+e→tcht0 in the topcolor assisted technicolor(TC2) model. The studies show that the production cross section of e+e→tcht0 is at the order of magnitude 10fb in the reasonable parameters space of TC2 model. A few hundred events of top-Higgs can be produced each year at the high energy linear e+e- colliders(LC). The top-Higgs may be directly observed via this process.


Ngaglik I Public Health Center in Sleman is one of the health centers that have already applied SIMPUS (an application of management information system for public health center). The implementation of clinical information systems could potentially improve the performance of health care facilities, save operational costs, and increase patient satisfaction. In fact, the clinical information systems applied by public health center vary. One of them is SIMPUS. However until present, there have not been any assessments of the acceptance of the clinical information system, especially SIMPUS, at Ngaglik I Public Health Center. To describe the use of SIMPUS at Ngaglik I Public Health Center and evaluate user understanding in accepting SIMPUS application based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). This was a quantitative study which used a survey method and a cross-sectional design. The research sample consisted of 50 respondents who were selected using a simple random sampling method. The data analysis technique was the SEM-PLS analysis with the TAM model and SmartPLS software. Statistically, the relationship between the Job Relevance and Perceived Ease of Use variables was weak (p-value = 0.818). There was a weak relationship between Output Quality and Perceived Ease of Use (p-value = 0.208). There was a strong relationship between Result Demonstrability and Perceived Ease of Use (0.000). There was a strong relationship between Result Demonstrability and Intention to Use (p-value = 0.011). There was a weak relationship between Screen Design and Intention to Use (p-value = 0.870). There was a weak relationship between Perceived Ease of Use and intention to use. Users' job relevance to SIMPUS did not have any effect on perceived ease of use. Output quality did not have any effect on perceived ease of use. The screen design of SIMPUS display had no effect on intention to use. Intention to use did not affect system use. Intention to use did not affect system use. Facilitating condition did not have any effect on system use. System use was influenced by perceived ease of use and intention to use. Perceived ease of use and intention to use were influenced by result demonstrability.


The molecular mobility of copolymethacrylate with chromophorecontaining chalcone side chains is studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Five regions of dipolar polarization relaxation are identified: namely, γ, β, β1, α, and δ processes. It is shown that γ and β1 processes are related to the local mobility of methylene sequences and ester groups adjoining the backbone, while the α process is associated with the cooperative segmental mobility of the backbone. The β and δ processes are attributed to the mobility of chalcone groups: the local mobility in the glassy state (reorientation relative to the long axis of chro� mophores) and the cooperative mobility in the rubbery state (reorientation relative to the short axis of chro� mophores), respectively. The incorporation of 20% chalcone groups does not change the glasstransition temperature but enhances the cooperativity of the α process and intermolecular interactions.


The paper discusses the reason of enterprise organizational structure's transformation to project-oriented.Under the background of knowledge economy and project portfolio management,there are three reasons: first,heterogeneity of product or service;second,enterprise's strategy is paid more attention to;third,the enterprise obtained the ability of knowledge extracting,reusing and integrating.


Measuring water content in concrete and cement based materials is of critical importance to improve structures delayed behaviour prediction. The study presents the application of electromagnetic homogenization schemes like the Symmetric Bruggeman model to connect measured complex permittivities with material's saturation. These models enable to take into account microstructure specificities depending on the material under test. A model taking into account the complex microstructure of cement paste is described. The combination of those analytical processes at the different scales of the material enables great improvement in water content prediction compared to classical empirical or calibration laws.


While designing oil terminals,the application of non-explosion-proof electrical apparatus will save much investment,broaden the choice of electrical apparatus and benefit both designers and consumers under the prerequisite of satisfying code stipulations and guaranteeing safety.This article probes into two matters of a great dispute including the determination of explosion danger area and the feasibility of installing non-explosion-proof electrical apparatus within fire protection distance of oil terminals.


Background: Sleep is essential for prevention of wasteful use of energy, resupply of energy and helps the brain to convert short term memory to long term memory. Poor sleep quality affect person's physical and psychological health.
Objectives: Objectives of the study are to investigate correlation of sleep quality and anxiety level among college students and to find out the association between demographic variables with sleep quality and anxiety level of college students in Ernakulam.
Methodology: Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. Convenience sampling technique was used to select 100 samples from amrita school of arts and sciences Ernakulum. The tool used for the study consists of structured self-administered demographic profile of college students; Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to measure the total PSQI score and its 7 sub component and Becks Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to measure the self-report measure anxiety. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Result: Majority of the subjects 67 (67%) had poor sleep quality and most of the subjects 76% had low anxiety and BAI score was highly significant association but had moderately positive correlation with sleep medication and total PSQI Score. All other subcomponents of PSQI had weak positive correlation with anxiety level. Anxiety level of college student had significant association (p=0.012) association with using of E gadgets
Conclusion: In conclusion of the study decrease in sleep quality increase the anxiety level of college students.

Keywords: college students, sleep quality, anxiety.


The objective of this study was to determine the variation on physical properties (basic density and volumetric shrinkage) and anatomical features of Corymbia citriodora (Hook.) K.D. Hill & L.A.S. Johnson wood and their correlations. Variations between two positions (heartwood and sapwood) and five tree heights (from base to top) were considered. Statistical analysis indicated significant differences between position/height combinations for all physical properties and anatomical features, except for the lumen diameter of fibers. Position was positively correlated to basic density and fiber length. Height was negatively correlated to volumetric shrinkage and fiber length. Fiber width was positively correlated to wall thickness and lumen diameter, while basic density presented negative correlation to wall thickness of fibers.


Hero is a term for anyone who is extraordinarily meritorious to his nation. Through the figure of a hero, a symbol of struggle, defending the truth, and sacrifice, always maintained and passed down from generation to generation. The hero is also one of the important figures that must be known by all the people around him, not only remembering in his heart and thanking him, but also by imitating the attitudes and actions of the heroes. However, heroes who have many values that can be imitated are increasingly being forgotten by the younger generation. Early recognition is needed so that children can recognize and know the heroes of national independence in order to become a better generation, especially teenagers in Indonesia. The purpose of the design is to introduce the history and national independence hero figures from the Maluku Islands, namely Martha Khristina Tiahahu. The media used as a solution to the problem is by using interactive information communication, looks fun, and interesting, also is in demand by the public, especially teenagers, and can be accessed easily so that information about this problem can be spread out to the general public, especially students. Animation is a film that is the result of hand work in the form of moving images.


Abstract : The purpose of this effort was to increase the effective use of aerial surveillance and reconnaissance (AS and R) resources by combat commanders through analysis of current experience and training and subsequent development of materials that may be used for training and field use. Contemporary training materials were analyzed for content. Questionnaires pertaining to experience with, attitudes toward, and training received relative to AS and R were distributed to students at pertinent schools, and the responses were analyzed for implications for training. Combat Arms students receive limited training in the use of AS and R resources, and they felt they could use more information in this area. The more experience with AS and R, the more favorable has been the experience with this resource. More emphasis should be placed on practical exercises that permit appropriate interaction with the capabilities of AS and R. The results of the analyses were used in the subsequent development of training materials and a field aid.


ABSTRACT: Cattle have impacts on riparian communities by grazing and trampling. Reevaluation of management practices indicated that implementing rest-rotation grazing management and limiting cattle use of riparian vegetation will reduce animal impacts. Rest-rotation and light grazing may improve plant vigor, but little information is available on how well either practice controls trampling damage on banks. A 4-year grazing study in southwestern Montana indicated both streamflow and cattle use were highly correlated with the degree of change in stream channel profile. The greatest streambank change occurred during periods of high streamflow (positive correlation) and low cattle use (negative correlation). However, further statistical analysis of the data indicated that stream-flow itself was not a major factor in bank erosion. Although not significant in all years, the decline in channel change appeared related to the seasonal trend in soil moisture. As streambank moisture levels declined, the extent of channel alteration also declined. Channel profile changes in paddocks grazed after early August when banks had dried were not significantly different (P


A novel, high brightness, transmitter for CO2 DIAL is presented. The single-mode output of a frequency controlled, entangled-cavity nanosecond OPO is amplified to >10 mJ at 2.05µm, with 3MHz frequency stability and M2 < 1.5.


Degradation dynamics of chlorpyrifos, trichlorphon, and cypermethrin residues in onion were investigated. Chlorpyrifos residues showed relatively long residual when sprayed onto onions. However, residues were relatively short-lived and residue levels were low when applied by root drench, resulting in levels significantly lower than Chinese national standards even when sampled 1 d after application. Trichlorphon residue levels sampled 1 d after application were much lower than national standards when the pesticide was applied to onions by root drench. These two insecticides are effective in controlling soil-borne insect pests. Residues of cypermethrin were undetectable even when sampling 1 d after spray application. Thus, this insecticide is especially suitable for spray application.


..cap alpha../sub 1/-Adrenergic receptor probes, which can be radioiodinated to yield high specific activity radioligands, have been synthesized and characterized. 2-(4-(4-Amino-benzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline (CP63,155), an arylamine analogue of the selective ..cap alpha../sub 1/-adrenergic antagonist prazosin, and its iodinated derivative, 2-(4-(4-amino-3-(/sup 125/I)iodobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline ((/sup 125/I)CP63,789), bind reversibly and with high affinity (K/sub D/ = 1 nM and 0.6 nM, respectively) to rat hepatic membrane ..cap alpha../sub 1/-adrenergic receptors. Conversion of (/sup 125/I)CP63,789 to the aryl azide yields a photolabile derivative, 2-(4-(4-azido-3-(/sup 125/I)iodobenzoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline ((/sup 125/I)CP65,526), which prior to photolysis binds competitively and with high affinity (K/sub D/ = 0.3 nM). Binding of (/sup 125/I)CP63,789 and (/sup 125/I)CP65,526 (prior to photolysis) is rapid and saturable. Both ligands identify similar ..cap alpha../sub 1/-adrenergic receptor binding site concentrations as the parent probe, (/sup 3/H)prazosin. Specific binding by these iodinated ligands is stereoselective and inhibited by a variety of adrenergic agents with a specificity typical of the ..cap alpha../sub 1/-adrenergic receptor. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and autoradiography of (/sup 125/I)CP65,526-labeled rat hepatic membranes reveal major protein species with molecular weights of 77K, 68K and 59K. Each protein binds adrenergic ligands with stereoselectivity and with a specificity typical of the ..cap alpha../sub 1/-adrenergic receptor. Smaller peptides with molecularmore » weights of 42K and 31K display prazosin-inhibitable (/sup 125/I)CP65,526 binding. Labeling of these protein species with (/sup 125/I)CP65,526 is not inhibitable by other adrenergic agonists or antagonists. They are thus unlikely to represent subunits of the receptor.« less


Green finance is part of a broader occurrence; from the incorporation of various non-financial or ethical concerns onto the financial universe. Generally green finance is considered as the financial support for green growth which reduces greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutant emissions significantly. Green finance in agriculture, green buildings and other green projects should increase for the economic development of the country. In this paper an attempt has been made to describe green financing in a boarder sense.


In this paper,2-hydroxy-4-acryloybenzophenone(HAB) was synthesized by the reaction of 2,4-dihydroxyben(UV-0) and acrylate chloride,and characterized by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy(UV-Vis),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR).The results reveal that HAB has been synthesized successfully and tested by FTIR.Poly(AM-co-HAB) was prepared by the copolymerization of acrylamide(AM) and HAB,and tested by UV-V.The results show that HAB has added to the polymer and the UV-resistant performance and watersolubility of Poly(AM-co-HAB) has been greatly enhanced by the incorporation of HAB onto the polymer chains.


Abstract Introduction There is evidence that plant-based diets might be associated with a lower risk of IHD; however, previous studies have not reported on intake of subtypes of fruit and vegetables and sources of dietary fibre. This study aims to assess the associations of major plant foods, their subtypes and dietary fibre with risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-CVD Consortium. Material and methods We conducted a prospective analysis of 490,311 men and women in ten European countries without a history of myocardial infarction or stroke at recruitment. Dietary intake was assessed using validated questionnaires and calibrated with 24-hour recall data. Cox regression models, adjusted for IHD risk factors, were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During a mean of 12.6 years follow-up, we documented 8504 myocardial infarction cases or deaths from IHD. Participants consuming at least eight portions (80 grams each) of fruits and vegetables a day had a 10% lower risk of IHD (HR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.82–0.98) compared with those consuming fewer than three portions a day. The risk of IHD was 6% (95% CI 0.90–0.99; P-trend = 0.009) lower for a 200 g/day higher intake of fruit and vegetables combined, 3% (0.95–1.00; P-trend = 0.021) lower for a 100 g/ day higher fruit intake, and 8% (0.86–0.97; P-trend = 0.006) lower for a 50 g/ day higher intake of bananas. Moreover, risk of IHD was 9% (0.83–0.99; P-trend = 0.032) lower for a 10g/ day higher intake of nuts and seeds, and 10% (0.82–0.98; P-trend = 0.020) lower for a 10g/ day higher intake of total dietary fibre. No associations were observed between legumes, total vegetables and other subtypes of fruit and vegetables and IHD risk. Discussion The results from this large prospective study suggest that higher intakes of fruit and vegetables combined, total fruit, bananas, nuts and seeds, and total fibre are associated with a lower risk of IHD. Given the observational design of this study, causality and potential mechanisms should be further investigated.


This study develops a contingency framework to investigate how and when innovation intensity and creativity enhancement affect a firm's eco‐innovation strategy by drawing upon the perspectives of the resource‐based view and stakeholder theory. This investigation aims to explore whether firms with high innovation intensity and creativity enhancement really pursue eco‐innovation strategy. Our examination is based on a sample of 2,126 manufacturing firms. By using a hierarchical regression, the results reveal that the effects of innovation intensity and creativity enhancement on eco‐innovation strategy depend on customer demand and environmental regulation. Specifically, customer demand positively moderates the effects of innovation intensity and creativity enhancement on eco‐innovation strategy, whereas existing regulation has a weaker effect on the relationship between innovation activities and eco‐innovation strategy than that of anticipated regulation.


The topological distribution of the material phases inside the unit cell composing a phononic crystal has a significant effect on its dispersion characteristics. This topology can be engineered to produce application-specific requirements. In this paper, a specialized genetic-algorithm-based topology optimization methodology for the design of two-dimensional phononic crystals is presented. Specifically the target is the opening and maximization of band gap size for (i) out-of-plane waves, (ii) in-plane waves and (iii) both out-of-plane and in-plane waves simultaneously. The methodology as well as the resulting designs are presented.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


The hydrodynamic characteristics of multi-propeller autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) is usually complicated and it is difficult to obtain an accurate mathematical model. A modeling method based on CFD calculation and maximum likelihood identification algorithm is proposed for this problem. Firstly, rough hydrodynamic parameters of AUV hull are obtained by CFD calculation. Secondly, on the basis of rough parameters, a maximum likelihood identification algorithm is proposed to adjust the parameters and improve the model precision. Besides, the method to improve the convergence of identification algorithm is analyzed by considering the characteristics of AUV model structure. Finally, the identification algorithm and identification results were validated with experimental data. It was found that this method has good convergence and adaptability. In particular, the identification results of turning force and torque parameters are highly consistent in different identification experiments, which indicates that this method can well extract the maneuvering characteristics of AUVs, thus contributing to the controller design of AUVs. The research of this paper has potential application for the modeling and control of multi-propeller AUVs.


The most important aspect of the reinforced glass beam concept, which provides ductility and redundancy for structural glass beams, is the adhesive bond between glass and reinforcement. To guarantee structural safety, this adhesive bond has to service under all conditions. The effects of elevated temperature, moisture exposure and load duration on the adhesive bond, have separately been investigated through three series of bending tests on 1.5 m reinforced glass beam specimens. A first series has been tested at 60 C; a second series has been tested after 8 weeks of salt-water-spraying; and a third series has been loaded until initial failure whereupon it has been left statically loaded for at least 72 hours. The results show that the reinforced glass beam concept is a redundant system which shows, dependent on the applied adhesive, a significant residual strength even at extreme temperature and moisture conditions, and for a significant period of time.


Aim. In this study, "active" web sites related to health which were selected due to determined criteria have been evaluated in terms of formal, contextual and institutional characteristics. Methods. In this descriptive study, web sites which have been accessed when selected key words on the most frequently seen symptoms of the diseases were entered into the most frequently used search engine in Turkey. Four key words for each symptom were determined like "symptom alone", symptom and prevention", "symptom and diagnosis", "symptom and treatment". Researchers determined the most frequently seen symptoms of the neural, gastro intestinal, cardiovascular, respiratory, musculo-skeletal, endocrine, urinary, male genital, female genital, skin and lymphatic systems due to the answers of chief residents' working at a university hospital to the question "Would you kindly say the most frequently seen five symptoms in your daily practice?". All stated symptoms were listed by the researchers and three of five for each system were selected


The selectivity of 2,4-dichlorophenyl p-nitrophenyl ether (nitrofen) among rape (Brassica campestris L., var. Echo) and two weed species, redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) and green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.), was determined quantitatively by a replicated dosage-response experiment. On an ED50 basis, green foxtail and redroot pigweed were, respectively, 5.8 and 63.3 times more susceptible than rape. Selectivity was divided into three parameters; viz., differential spray retention, differential penetration, and differential effects within the plant. Differences in retention were measured with the use of a water-soluble dye, while differences in penetration were determined with 14C-labelled nitrofen. Spray retention on green foxtail was 66% of that on the rape and 64% as much nitrofen penetrated redroot pigweed as penetrated rape. Under the conditions of these tests it was estimated that green foxtail and redroot pigweed were, respectively, 9 and 99 times more susceptible to nitrofen than was rape.


In this study, the contents of nitrite-nitrate and free L-proline, and pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins in tomato plants following inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain were examined. The results of the nitrite and nitrate indicated that there was a reduction in the levels of nitrate in the infected tomato plants through 1-8 study days, compared with the healthy plants. On the other hands, when the nitrite amounts increased in the first and second days, the nitrite concentrations reduced in infected plants at subsequent time periods, compared with uninfected plants. The accumulation of free proline increased in the infected plants, according to control plants. The whole-cell protein profiles displayed that the levels of the protein bands of molecular masses 204.6 kDa and 69.9 kDa significantly increased in infected and uninfected plants during 2-10 study days. In additionally, in the quantities of the protein bands of molecular weights 90.3 and 79.4 kDa were observed an increase in the infected and healthy plants after the fourth day. However, the protein band of molecular weight 54.3 kDa was visible only in uninfected plants for the fourth and eighth days. Finally, the study suggest that there were the sophisticate relationships among the proline accumulation, the conversion of nitrate to nitrite and the induction of PR protein genes in the regulation of defense mechanisms toward microbial invaders. Our results also indicated that the increases in nitrite and proline contents might be useful indicator for the response toward pathogen attacks.


At the termination of my year of office I wish ill the first instance to express my appreciation of tho consideration and courtesy extended to me by the Council and members during the year. It was with no small amount of trepidation that I. accepted the po· sition of President, but my duties have been much more pleasant and less onerous than I anticipated. My thanks are specially due to our former Honorary Secretary, Dr. Latham, who worked energetically and tactfully in the interests of the Branch, to his successor, Dr. Hooper, who has been equally helpful and efficient, and to Mr. Crouch, whose knowledge of and attention to the affairs of the Branch have been of the greatest service. May I, Sir, offer you and the Branch my hearty congratulations on your accession to the presidential chair. Your scientific attainments, your patriotism, and your genius for organization specially fit you to fill the position to which the unanimous vote of the members has called you. The annual report has referred to the losses the Branch has sustained by the deaths of many members, but there are two of these that require more than passing notice. Dr. James Jamieson was intimately associated with the scientifie practice of medicine in this State, and was long and closely connected with the Victorian Medical Society and the Melbourne Medical School. Those of us who had the privilege of listening to his lectures in our student days realized that they were models of what such lectures should be. His scholarship and his knowledge of English and foreign medical literature enabled him to present up-to-date facts and theories in the most interesting way, and his personality appealed to his friends and colleagues as that of an honest searcher after truth, who required proof before accepting any new theory or any not well ascertained fact. His qualities gained for him the respect and esteem of all who had an intimate acquaintance with him. Dr. F. Miller Johnson was known to his colleagues as a practitioner of the highest type. He was an enthusiast in his work and an able and conscientious physician. In the Council he gained the reputation of a man of energy and of sound judgement. Those of us who heard his valedictory remarks before going to the front will remember them as 'indicating the fine feeling of patriotism and high honour by which he was actuated. I am sure that no better end could have been wished for by him than that which came to him while helping his fellow-country-


New metabolic engineering techniques hold great potential for a range of bio-industrial applications. However, their practical use is hindered by the huge number of possible modifications, especially in eukaryotic organisms. To address this challenge, we present a methodology combining genome-scale metabolic modelling and machine learning to precisely predict cellular phenotypes starting from gene expression readouts. Our methodology enables the identification of candidate genetic manipulations that maximise a desired output – potentially reducing the number of in vitro experiments otherwise required. We apply and validate this methodology to a screen of 1,143 Saccharomyces cerevisiae knockout strains. Within the proposed framework, we compare different combinations of feature selection and supervised machine/deep learning approaches to identify the most effective model.


Human behavior recognition and status monitoring are current research hotspots, especially in the fields of medical monitoring, smart home, and elderly care. With the development of sensor technology, low-power IC chips, and wireless body sensors, miniature sensor networks can be popularized and applied in daily life. Since the energy consumption of sensor networks is a bottleneck problem that limits its development, this paper designs a multimodal collaborative sensing method for the application scenarios of elderly people living alone to reduce energy consumption in the process of daily behavior perception of the elderly. This method subdivides behavior perception into behavior recognition and status monitoring, determines the optimal sensor combination for identifying monitoring different behaviors based on information theory, and then uses a behavior recognition model modeled by a multiclassifier and a status model modeled by a plurality of two classifiers that are used to perceive user behavior. A large number of experimental results show that compared with the traditional sensor network method, our proposed solution can achieve effective sensing while reducing the energy consumption in the process of data transmission and model calculation, thereby prolonging the working life of the sensing network and realizing long-term and reliable daily behavior perception.


Myocardial G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK)2 is a critical regulator of cardiac &bgr;-adrenergic receptor (&bgr;AR) signaling and cardiac function. Its upregulation in heart failure may further depress cardiac function and contribute to mortality in this syndrome. Preventing GRK2 translocation to activated &bgr;AR with a GRK2-derived peptide that binds G&bgr;&ggr; (&bgr;ARKct) has benefited some models of heart failure, but the precise mechanism is uncertain, because GRK2 is still present and &bgr;ARKct has other potential effects. We generated mice in which cardiac myocyte GRK2 expression was normal during embryonic development but was ablated after birth (&agr;MHC-Cre×GRK2 fl/fl) or only after administration of tamoxifen (&agr;MHC-MerCreMer×GRK2 fl/fl) and examined the consequences of GRK2 ablation before and after surgical coronary artery ligation on cardiac adaptation after myocardial infarction. Absence of GRK2 before coronary artery ligation prevented maladaptive postinfarction remodeling and preserved &bgr;AR responsiveness. Strikingly, GRK2 ablation initiated 10 days after infarction increased survival, enhanced cardiac contractile performance, and halted ventricular remodeling. These results demonstrate a specific causal role for GRK2 in postinfarction cardiac remodeling and heart failure and support therapeutic approaches of targeting GRK2 or restoring &bgr;AR signaling by other means to improve outcomes in heart failure.


We study the zero-dispersion limit for certain initial boundary
value problems for the defocusing nonlinear Schrodinger
(NLS) equationand for the Korteweg-de Vries
(KdV)equation with dominant surface tension. These
problems are formulated on the half-line and they involve
linearisable boundaryconditions.


This gene-environment interaction analysis revealed a genetic locus in FMN1/GREM1 that interacts with body mass index in colorectal cancer risk, suggesting potential implications for precision prevention strategies.


A programme of experiments designed to examine several aspects of the DC conduction properties of metal fibre filled thermoplastics, is described. It is shown that the inclusion of less than 1% volume fraction of stainless steel fibres in a polypropylene matrix is sufficient to realise volume resistivities of less than In em. The application of percolation models of conductivity based on the assumption of kinked or curved fibre trajectories are considered, and it is shown that non-uniform sample heating caused by poor particle dispersion can be readily identified by infrared imaging. Model samples consisting
of two fibres embedded in a thin layer of polypropylene were subjected to simultaneous electrical measurements, thermal imaging, and optical microscopy. The data suggested that spherulite boundaries constitute
the most likely path of charge transfer between the fibres and that the dielectric strength of a spherulite is many times that of the bulk polymer.


A wound surface, and to cytotoxic cells to form a very thin film having a water repellent and degreasing properties, the wound surface and cytotoxic cells covering prevents leakage of intracellular fluid from cytotoxic cells, providing effective biological film agent to prevent inflammatory reactions. An aluminum chloride, and cyclodextrins, bio film agent to base resin and the adjusted water. pH of aqueous solution is adjusted to a range of 1.8 to 7, preferably adjusted to PH2.8~6.0, from .005 to 20.0 weight concentration of aluminum chloride relative to the adjusted water %, preferably 2 to 12 wt%, the concentration of cyclodextrin relative to the adjusted water 0.1 to 20.0, bio film agent is preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight%. .BACKGROUND


African wildlife meat offers South Africans' a healthy and novel red meat alternative, yet consumption is far less than that of beef and lamb. Laddering interviews with 40 respondents were employed to identify the consequences and values associated with the product's perceived attributes. Important attributes included low levels of fat, dryness, novelty, and special preparation requirements. Significant values included security, self-esteem, hedonism, tradition, and stimulation. Promoters of the product are advised to capitalize on consumers' interest in health and the health benefits of the meat in their advertising strategy. They can also address current barriers to consumption as indicated by negative, undesirable consequences (difficult and time-consuming to prepare) by promoting quick and easy ways of preparation, provision of ready-to-eat dishes and training.


Autoimmune gonadal lesions represent a highly heterogenous conditions affecting men and women of reproductive age and resulting in loss of endocrine function and, eventually, infertility. Well-known and well-documented risk factors exist, and the presence or suspicion of autoimmune disorder should be regarded as an important one. For the purpose of the present study, ELISA kits according to the proprietary technology for detection of antitesticular and antiovarian antibodies were developed. Among men with autoimmune orchitis an increased level of antibodies to steroid-producing testicular cells, decreased serum total and free testosterone and altered semen parameters were found. Combined autoimmune diseases were present (autoimmune thyroiditis, vitiligo, type 1 diabetes) in 13.5 % of cases. In women with autoimmune oophoritis the main finding was anovulation with preserved serum FSH and LH levels (91.6 %) and luteal insufficiency (8.4 %). In total, 19.4 % of patients had other autoimmune diseases (autoimmune thyroiditis, vitiligo, chronic autoimmune hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus).hematosus).


We report a correlation between the kinetic energy loss and nucleon diffusion for Kr- and Xe-induced reactions on heavy targets. Although this correlation suggests that these two phenomena occur on the same general time scale, the rate of kinetic energy loss decreases with interaction time. Evidence is presented to show that the initial energy dissipation rate is consistent with a frictional force which is proportional to the relative velocity. (AIP)


From the second trimester to near term, fetuses in utero can swallow up to 500–1000 ml amniotic fluid a day, which assists in normal development of the gastrointestinal system.1,2 The aims of this study were to determine whether the concentration of gastric interleukin 6 (IL6) immediately after birth was associated with funisitis, the histological hallmark of fetal inflammatory response syndrome,3 and whether measuring the gastric IL6 concentration would be an effective method for identifying funisitis.

In a prospective pilot study conducted at the Ulsan University Hospital in South Korea between …


The raison-dêtre of this study appears to be the desire to determine if the expansion of Judo Therapy (JT) in Japan since 1998 has been equitable between urban and rural areas, rather than concentrating in the urban areas where orthopaedists are already established (p3). (This assumes the orthopaedists have a primary right to be located where they are, and do not require redistribution themselves). Consequently an appropriate hypothesis for the study would have been that as the number of therapists expanded, so a more equal pattern of provision would have been observed. The work of Kobayashi and others have suggested that saturation of local markets for health professionals may result in geographical redistribution, producing a more equal pattern of provision across the national space.


American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) produces a number of saponins (ginsenosides). The ability of saponins from cultivated American ginseng to inhibit fungal growth in vitro was evaluated. Fungi exhibited a range of sensitivity to ginsenosides extracted from roots collected in two growing seasons. Important root pathogens (Cylindro carpon destructans, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium oxysporum) were unaffected by these phytochemicals at a concentration of 1 mg·mL–1, whereas the growth of Alternaria panax and nonpathogenic Trichoderma spp. was inhibited. The same trend emerged when a range of ginsenoside concentrations was used on a subset of fungi. Hyphal growth of C. destructans was unaffected up to a level of ginsenosides approaching that found in roots (i.e., ~ 3% dry weight). The growth of F. solani was significantly less than that of the control at saponin concentrations of 0.1 to 3.0% (w/v), but was relatively unaffected in comparison to growth of Trichoderma hamatum and A. panax.Key words: ginsen...


In India, brinjal regnant is one of the most common, popular and principal vegetable crops grown throughout the country except higher altitudes. It is a versatile crop adapted to different agro-climatic regions and can be grown throughout the year. It is a perennial but grown commercially as an annual crop.Anumber of cultivars are grown in India, consumer preference being dependent upon fruit color, size and shape. According to the FAO (March 2012) and Indian Horticulture Database 2011, globally te area under eggplant was 1728271 ha, and the total production of 43173989 metric tones. Asia has the largest eggplant production which comprises more than 90% of the world production area and 87% of the world production. According to the FAO (March 2012) brinjal occupied 680000 m ha area in India with the production of 11896000 metric tones.


Product and brand placement arouses a particular interest at the announcers. However the massive use of brands in international programmes incites us to wonder about the effect of the local socio-cultural context on the efficiency of this creative technique. This research presents, first an explanatory abstract frame of the influence of the local context variables and the variables of programming on the recall of the placement; and second an empirical validation realized in two phases. First of all, a qualitative analysis of contents by experts; then a quantitative study by experimentation realized with 150 individuals. The results show that, globally the effect of the local context on the memorization of the placement is direct and that the recall of the placed brands depends on attitudes towards the spoken language, on social interactions and some characteristics of the audience.


During the investigation of the halophytic vegetation in Vojvodina (northern Serbia) in 2012 the occurrence of Cyperus pannonicus Jacq. was confirmed. The species create stands of association Cyperetum pannonici Wendelberger on the shore of a small saline lake called Medura, east of the village Riđica. The population is a relatively large.


The object of this work is the development of an analysis method able to estimate the principal wave parameters by processing data acquired by three acoustic altimeters installed on an offshore meteo-oceanographic buoy. The developed algorithm carries out appropriate filtering operations on the temporal sequences of the measurements acquired from the three altimeters, hence, by analysing these sequences, also provides estimates of some wave parameters (including wave height and direction of propagation). Different types of filters and methods for the estimation have been developed on the basis of some statistical parameters (as mean, median and standard deviation) of acquired time-series, on the knowledge of their spectral power densities (calculated by FFT), and on the calculation of the crosscorrelation functions of coupled sequences. The developed estimation procedure has been tested on a considerable amount of real data acquired in the Ligurian Sea by using a moored large spar buoy on which the acoustic altimeters were installed at 10 m depth. This procedure provided satisfying results in terms of reliability and precision of the estimates. In order to evaluate the performance of the acquisition system and the relate processing algorithms, the obtained results have been also compared with estimates provided by other sensors on board the buoy and with analogous estimations carried out from data acquired by another measurement station (belonging to the Rete Ondametrica Nazionale), working in the same area, but equipped with different kind of instrumentation. GNGTS – Atti del 23° Convegno Nazionale / 10.08


T he cost of discovery and development of a new ethical pharmaceutical drug is currently estimated to be $231 million.1 This process requires intensive teamwork among many scientific disciplines. The role of the physician in the pharmaceutical industry has increased in the past 30 years to encompass areas as varied as drug discovery, regulatory affairs, medical information, and clinical research.2 Along with this development, the number of physicians who are employed in the industry has dramatically increased; there are more than 1500 physicians working in the USA alone.3 Mentorship of medical students and physicians in residency has been an important determinant in choosing a research career, and it is unusual for a pharmaceutical career choice to emanate from guidance during medical training. This article remedies the misconceptions of the backgrounds, roles, career perceptions, and relative contributions to society of pharmaceutical physicians as compared with those in clinical practice. The results of our survey are reported in this article.


This prototype ultrasonic transducer had about a 30‐μm thick hydrothermal PZT layer on a 50‐μm thick titanium substrate. An active area of this transducer was 3.5 mm in diameter. Material constants of this hydrothermal PZT thick film were measured. Electromechanical coupling coefficient kt was over 0.25 and acoustic impedance was 6 Mrayl. A mechanical resonance frequency in the thickness mode of the prototype ultrasonic transducer was approximated by a mason's equivalent circuit using the thickness and the material constants of the hydrothermal PZT film and the Ti substrate. The prototype ultrasonic transducer had a double broad peak spectrum of about 15 and 30 MHz in simulation. Also, these broad peaks were a half wavelength and a quarter wavelength resonance frequency in a combined structure of the hydrothermal PZT thick film and the Ti substrate. The prototype ultrasonic transducer transmitted ultrasound in water. Experimental results were the prototype ultrasonic transducer radiated ultrasound at the ...


It has been often observed that a plot of average velocity againist distanice or time for world track records suggests a continuous monotonic underlying relationship. Several attempts to discern the nature of this relationship empirically by seeking linearizing transformations have been made with varying degrees of success. The purposes of this paper are to describe an attempt to explain the observed curve by a biometric theory alnd to consider the problem of estimating unkniown parameters occurring in the theory. The theory is applied to world record data of 1959 and records which are below par are pointed out. The development is based on the work of A. V. Hill [1927].


Objective: Our study analyzes 6 operative knee-level peroneal nerve lesions and foot drop patients treated at our clinic. Introduction: The most frequent lower extremity injuries resulting from sports and related recreational activities is peroneal nerve entrapment. This can be acute or can arise due to chronic overuse. Numerous etiologies have been identified. However, compression remains the main cause, which generally results in acute complete or partial foot drop. Method and Patients: This is a retrospective study of a series of 6 consecutive patients with foot drop resulting from sports and related injuries. For all patients, the preoperative clinical examination and electromyographic evaluation were performed. Nerve conduction and clinical function results showed injury to the peroneal nerve. Peroneal nerve decompression was performed in these patients in our study between 2007 and 2014. Results: Overall statistically significant clinical and functional improvement from pre-operative MRC grade 2.5 ± 0.8 to post-operative MRC grade 4.0 ± 0.9 (P value 0.007) was achieved. Conclusion: Results of peroneal nerve decompression in sports injury foot drop patients in our study produced remarkable clinical and functional recovery in foot anti-gravity (MRC grade 4.0) and walking gait.


ABSTRACT The paper examines racism's 'debatability' by looking at the interpellation of public acts of racism. The idea of racism as an event appears crucial to the judgment of its legitimacy. By examining racism as a disjointed series of public events that are often accompanied by elisions of the connections between racist 'eruptions' and systemic conditions, I shine light on what is meant by racism today. Racism can be theorized dually as both frozen and motile. This is due to emphasis being placed on what race is taken to be, rather than on what it does. Confusion over how to formulate anti-racism is based on this misconception of race at the core of much anti-racist thought, leading to an obscuration of racism. Critically examining some contemporary anti-racist activity, I briefly assess the role played by those who challenge racism in legitimizing or negating official interpretations of racism in contemporary Australia.


The first Asian Summer School in Information Access (ASSIA 2013) was held between 22nd and 24th June, 2013 in Tsukuba, Japan. The summer school offered 9 lectures in Information Retrieval, Web Search, and related topics, along with two panel discussions and a poster session. This reports a successful international summer school in Asia attracting a total of 63 participants from the range of countries in Asia, Europe, and North America.


Abstract Photoelectron spectra of alkyl isocyanides, R-N[tbnd]C, R[dbnd]CH3, C2H5, i-C3H7, t-C4H9 and cyclo-C6H11, have been measured in the range 6–18 eV. The ionisation potentials have been determined and the type of orbital interpreted. The vibrational structure of the π and n bands has been analysed.


The invention discloses a method for manufacturing optical films with quartz powder for backlight modules. The method includes manufacturing at least one platy or flaky transparent optical substrate with the thickness of 0.1-5mm; adding the natural crystalline quartz powder into printing ink or resin adhesive and forming quartz paint; coating the quartz paint on the surfaces of the transparent optical substrates in a screen printing or roller coating manner, or filling the quartz paint between two or three layers of transparent optical substrates; solidifying the quartz paint and forming the platy or flaky optical films with quartz coated layers and the thicknesses of 0.01-1mm. The method has the advantages that the platy or flaky optical films for the backlight modules can be used as light guide plates or prism sheets or diffusion sheets, and accordingly the optical brightness and the integral optical effectiveness can be improved; the backlight modules with the optical films manufactured by the aid of the method are quite applicable to liquid crystal display television sets, display screens of monitors, display screens of laptops, display screens of mobile phones, advertising illuminating lamp boxes and decorative lighting.


....................................................................................................................11 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..................................................................................12 CHAPTER 2: LATE PALEOCENE HIGH LARAMIDE RANGES IN NORTHEAST WYOMING: OXYGEN ISOTOPE STUDY OF ANCIENT RIVER WATER............................................................................................................................17 ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................17 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................18 REGIONAL SETTING............................................................................................20 ANALYTICAL METHODS....................................................................................21 OXYGEN ISOTOPE RESULTS.....................................................................22 CALCULATION OF ANCIENT RIVER WATER δO VALUES.....................23 CONSTRAINTS, CORRECTIONS, AND APPLICATION TO PALEOALTIMETRY.......................................................................................24 SEASONAL δO VARIATION IN ANCIENT AND MODERN RIVER WATERS......................................................................................................29 DISCUSSION..................................................................................................33 High Canadian Rocky Mountains in Late Cretaceous.............................33 High Surface Elevation of Eastern Laramide Ranges During Paleocene.......35 Lower Surface Elevation of the Western Laramide Province before Early Eocene...................................................................................................................37 Implications..........................................................................................................38 CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................................40 CHAPTER 3: WIDESPREAD BASEMENT EROSION IN LATE PALEOCENEEARLY EOCENE IN THE LARAMIDE ROCKY MOUNTAINS INFERRED FROM 87 SR/ 86 SR RATIO OF BIVALVE FOSSILS....................................................71 ABSTRACT................................................................................................................7


www.escholarship.org/uc/item/1hg525b9 I ·.Jc J: REPORT: MACROBOTANICAL ANALYSIS OF FLOTATION SAMPLES FROM THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, MACHUPICCHU by Emily Dean, under the supervision of Dr. Christine Hastorf Paleoethnobotany Laboratory University of California~ Berkeley June~ Lc-\o ~ -:ll=· <-t)


The description of the program realizing a method of calculation of parameters of smelting of steel in the oxygen converter with the top giving of blasting is provided in this article. The program was created on the basis of system of the balance equations solved in common by method of iterations. When determining structure and amount of slag, the mass of iron which is taking part in processes of a shlak-calculates on balance of oxygen taking into account passport data on composition of slag. Consumptions of materials on melting, quantities of products of melting were used in real data. Thanks to this program possibility of studying of factors which influence temperature of a liquid semi-product determined by calculation, an oxygen consumption, and also nonmetallic materials was reached.


A DFB Bragg grating laser is used as a referencing element within a DFB fibre laser hydrophone array system to compensate for the interferometric drift noise of the demodulation mechanism. Preliminary test result shows an improvement of (20-30) dB.


Hypoxoside, a phenolic diglucoside, with a diarylpentane-type
structure, is thought to be the medicinally active constituent of corm
extracts of Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. & Mey. which are reputed to
alleviate the symptoms of prostate hypertrophy and urinary infections.
The biosynthes is and production of this unique phytochemical were
investigated in H. hemerocallidea using both in vivo and in vitro
systems.
It was found, in root-producing callus, that [l4]C-phenylalanine and
[14]C-t-cinnamic acid were efficient precursors for hypoxoside in
comparison to [14]C-sodium acetate and [14]C-acetyl coenzyme-A, which were
not incorporated into the phenolic compound. Thus, at least one aryl
moiety of hypoxoside was derived, via phenylalanine and t-cinnamic
acid, from the shikimate pathway. The acetate pathway did not appear
to be involved in the biosynthetic process. The data supports the
hypothesis that the molecule is formed from two cinnamate units with
the loss of a carbon atom, in opposition to the proposal that the
molecule is derived from head-to-tail condensation of acetate units
onto a propenylic moiety.
Despite the structural similarities between hypoxoside and caffeic and
p-coumaric acids, these two hydroxycinnamic acids were not efficient
precursors for hypoxoside in vivo or in vitro. A number of reasons
are put forward to explain this finding.
It was found that the greatest concentration of hypoxoside was located
in the corms of intact plants. The major biosynthetic site of the
molecule was also found to be located in this organ. Since the roots did accumulate the phytochemical to a small extent, the biosynthetic
potential of these organs has not been disregarded. That of the
leaves has been, however.

The report by PAGE (1984) that the upper region of the corm contained
a greater con cent ration of hypoxoside than the lower portion, is
substantiated in this study, where this region was found to be more
biosynthetically active than the lower half. Light microscopic and
electron microscopic studies revealed that starch storing cells, which
accumulated phenolics in their vacuoles, contained seemingly
synthetically active tubular endoplasmic reticulum in their cytoplasm.
A greater number of these cells were concentrated in the upper region
as opposed to the lower half of the corm. It is postulated that these
cells are the site for biosynthesis and accumulation of hypoxoside.
The shikimate pathway, from which the precursors for hypoxoside are
derived, was found, through the exposure of intact plants to
[14]C-carbon dioxide, to be located mainly in the leaves. It is
postulated from the above study and one in which [14]C-phenylalanine,
[14]C-t-cinnamic acid, [14]C-p-coumaric acid and [14]C-caffeic acid were
applied to intact plants, that phenylalanine and/or cinnamic acid are
the transported form of the shi kimate derivatives. p-Coumaric and
caffeic acids, which are metabolically more stable, are envisaged to
be the sequestering forms.
The investigation of the seasonal production of hypoxoside revealed
that most of…


Objective : To review clinical outcomes for patients with high grade gliomas (WHO Grades 3 and 4) who have undergone temporal lobectomy or wide local excision (WLE) with particular attention to rates of recurrence within temporal lobectomy resection bed, and to assess the potential impact of this surgical approach on the design of postoperative radiotherapy treatment volumes. Method: We reviewed outcomes for 17 patients with diagnosis of high grade glioma located in temporal lobe who underwent either wide local excision (WLE, 18 procedures in 13 patients) or formal temporal lobectomy (5 procedures in 4 patients). Location of recurrence was identified for each, and classified as involving or not involving temporal lobectomy resection cavity. STANDARD and MODIFIED (temporal lobectomy resection cavity subtracted from CTV46Gy and CTV60Gy) treatment plans were generated for each patient with intensity modified radiotherapy (IMRT). Dosimetric data were collected for each plan and compared. Results: Only 1/5 of patients suffered recurrence following temporal lobectomy (none in temporal lobectomy resection cavity) with median follow up 27.3 months. 16/17 (94.1%) of recurrences after WLE involved temporal lobe). MODIFIED IMRT plans reduced dose to all critical organs versus while providing equivalent PTV coverage. Conclusions: Following temporal lobectomy, we identified no recurrences within the temporal lobectomy resection cavity, suggesting that this region might safely be excluded from postoperative radiotherapy planning treatment volumes. With IMRT, this improves ability to spare critical normal structures.


With the increase in the number of vehicles, the number of conflict situations between pedestrians and cars increases - the number of accidents increases. The study of walking behavior and the relationship of behavior with the location of pedestrian crossings will allow you to find the optimal solution for a pedestrian crossing. The proposed model for assessing the optimal location of pedestrian crossings based on the pedestrian -vehicle conflict model is based on three indicators: the likelihood of a conflict between a person and a vehicle, the severity of the accident and the expected number of conflicts. The model was developed in order to determine the optimal location of pedestrian crossings and to study the conflict between pedestrians and vehicles at unregulated pedestrian crossings. In order to take into account the pedestrian behavior in the proposed model, modeling was carried out using the SPSS software. Regression analysis formed the basis for modeling pedestrian behavior, and a model of a "bad solution" for an unregulated pedestrian crossing was obtained. To verify the reliability of the model and the accuracy of the forecast, a Hosmer-Lemeshowe test for suitability and an omnibus test of model coefficients were conducted. The overall accuracy of the model prediction was 97.6%, the accuracy rate with "bad behavior" is 95.7%, and the accuracy rate without "bad behavior" is 99.4%.