We have constructed a plasmid vector, pHLH1, that contains lacZ and npt-II genes flanked by ends of bacteriophage Mu. These sequences can be integrated into Escherichia coli chromosome by the Mu transposition system. The lacZ gene, deleted for its transcription and translation initiation signals, was positioned next to the 117 bp terminal fragment for the s end of Mu. The npt-II gene, deleted for its transcriptional signals, was positioned distal to lacZ in the same orientation. Transposition of this sequence to a target gene can create simultaneously a protein fusion to lacZ and an operon fusion to npt-II. To demonstrate the use of this vector, we isolated lacZnpt-II+ fusions to ompC. These fusions exhibited the expected phenotypes and regulational properties of ompC fusions.


[Virginie Pontin v. T-Comalux SA, ECJ (Third Chamber), Judgment of 29 October 2009, C-63/08] In autumn 2009 the ECJ made another step forward in fostering gender equality through the instrumental framework of the EU law. The case triggers the right of pregnant women to protection against employers, who use inadequately constructed procedural norms to disguise an illegal dismissal. The Court holds that where the only remedy available under national legislation to a worker dismissed during pregnancy does not provide reasonable time bars on claims for wrongful dismissal, that legislation introduces less favorable treatment linked to pregnancy and constitutes discrimination against female employees. The Court held that a 15 days limit to bring proceedings was insufficient in terms of the principle of effective judicial protection of an individual's rights under EU law. A pregnant woman should equally enjoy other remedies beyond an action for nullity and reinstatement, such as an action for damages, in case the analogous recourses are available for other categories of dismissed workers. The Court therefore clarified an essential element for the implementation of the Pregnant Workers' Directive in the Member States.


The importance of public relations tasks in the hospital work system as a center for the formation of a brand image for the hospital towards the community is the main concern in determining the community's choice of hospital. Therefore, hospitals are required to carry out good public relations duties. The subject of this study was the Public Relations and PKRS Installation at RSD Dr Soebandi as one of the hospitals that has implemented and developed guidelines for the implementation of public relations tasks. The guidelines for the implementation of public relations tasks used by RSD dr Soebandi are compiled in the form of a Director's Decree. The research was conducted using in-depth interviews with informants to form the basis for formulating performance evaluations. The results showed that the Public Relations and PKRS Installation at RSD Dr Soebandi consisted of 3 units that jointly carried out public relations tasks, namely the PR and marketing unit, the PKRS unit, and the public complaints unit. After comparison, it was stated that the Public Relations and PKRS Installation of RSD dr Soebandi had not fully carried out their public relations duties in accordance with the agreed public relations task guidelines.


Given that rainfall is externally provided by nature and that it is also correlated with rural income, rainfall shocks seem to be the perfect instrument, as adopted in a popular interpretation of Paxson (1992). However, there are two problems with this reinterpretation: weak instruments and first-stage misspecification. After finding that rainfall is weakly correlated with income, I use Moreira's (2003) pivotal statistics to retest the hypothesis that the propensity to save out of transitory income is one, but still cannot reject the null. Later I find that there are previously untested assumptions on the income equation, and in fact the data indicate that they are invalid. In a new specification the propensity is found to be less than unity.


The articles [25], [30], [2], [4], [3], [29], [5], [14], [27], [20], [24], [13], [1], [23], [10], [11], [8], [28], [16], [12], [21], [26], [7], [18], [19], [6], [22], [9], [15], and [17] provide the notation and terminology for this paper. In this paper n is a natural number. The following propositions are true: (1) Let G be a Go-board and i1, i2, j1, j2 be natural numbers. Suppose 1 ¬ j1 and j1 ¬ widthG and 1 ¬ j2 and j2 ¬ widthG and 1 ¬ i1 and i1 < i2 and i2 ¬ lenG. Then (G ◦ (i1, j1))1 < (G ◦ (i2, j2))1. (2) Let G be a Go-board and i1, i2, j1, j2 be natural numbers. Suppose 1 ¬ i1 and i1 ¬ lenG and 1 ¬ i2 and i2 ¬ lenG and 1 ¬ j1 and j1 < j2 and j2 ¬ widthG. Then (G ◦ (i1, j1))2 < (G ◦ (i2, j2))2. Let f be a non empty finite sequence and let g be a finite sequence. One can verify that f aa g is non empty. The following propositions are true: (3) Let C be a compact connected non vertical non horizontal subset of E2 T and n be a natural number. Then L̃(Cage(C, n)−:E-max L̃(Cage(C, n)))∩ L̃(Cage(C, n) :− E-max L̃(Cage(C, n))) = {N-min L̃(Cage(C, n)),E-max L̃(Cage(C, n))}. (4) For every compact connected non vertical non horizontal subset C of E2 T holds UpperSeq(C, n) = ((Cage(C, n)) E-max L̃(Cage(C,n)) a ) :− W-min L̃(Cage(C, n)).


. Physicochemical, microbiological and sensory parameters of concentrated pineapple juice stored in cans and glass bottles were studied over a period of ten weeks. There was slight increase in pH from 4.2 to 4.7 and to 4.8 and decrease in titratable acidity from 8.1 to 5.1 and to 4.6 mg/100 mL, whereas total solids (%) decreased from 76.23 to 65.47% and to 60.38% in canned and bottled pineapple concentrates, respectively. Over 90% loss of Vitamin C was observed, with the bottled samples retaining more Vitamin C than the canned samples. The microbial counts ranged from 2.0 × 10 3 to 2.4 × 10 4 cfu/mL whereas fungi and mesophilic bacteria, were not detected to 6 × 10 3 cfu/mL. Freshly prepared single strength juices of pineapple were better in terms of taste and colour, while the bottled reconstituted juice concentrate competed favourably with the fresh one in colour. The canned samples lost their colours within 10 weeks of storage. The glass bottled samples had a characteristic desirable aroma. Thus concentrated juice in glass bottles stored at room temperature enhanced the keeping quality of the juice and compared more favourably with the fresh juice than the canned concentrated juice.


Sees Screwtape and The Great Divorce as constituting "something like a sub-genre within the Lewis canon." Both have explicit religious intention, were written during WWII, and use a "rather informal, episodic structure." Analyzes the different perspectives of each work, and their treatment of the themes of Body and Spirit, Time and Eternity, and Love.


In view of all the works by Bi Sumin,a celebrate woman writer,we can find that the concept of dignity is one of the most significant ideas in them.The author of this essay makes an analysis of "the varieties of dignity"made distinctive by this writer.In addition,the author makes an attempt to interpret this new concept of dignity that is rich in humanism.


this book and of this chapter – embodied cognition – is not very well defined. Wilson (2002) has identified no less than six different meanings the concept has acquired in different writings, and this is arguably an underestimation. And yet, there certainly is quite some deal of overlap across approaches and authors, especially with regard to the shortcomings in cognitive theorizing that the concept is meant to overcome. As Wilson (2002, p. 625) summarizes,


Scholars have long been groping for a definition of "economic sanctions" in order to distinguish the concept from other forms of international non-military coercion and identify the specific attributes of this complex human endeavour. Thus, various related terms have been used, which may or may not designate the same phenomenon: Economic aggression[1], economic warfare[2], economic coercion[3] and embargoes[4]. Regardless of whether the use of the term is always appropriate and whether all commentators do in fact mean the same thing, the expression 'economic sanctions' has increasingly been used since around 1990 as the generic label for various unilateral and multilateral measures of deprivation imposed on individual national economies. We will maintain this usage in order to avoid confusion.


To evaluate the association between divorce and aggression patterns (physical and verbal aggression and hostility) in Lebanese adolescents. This cross-sectional study enrolled 1810 (90.5%) students (January–May 2019) using a proportionate random sample of participants aged 12–17 years, drawn from private schools of all Lebanese districts. Parental divorce was significantly associated with more physical and verbal aggression and anger and hostility in adolescents. Significantly higher adjusted means of physical aggression (32.53 vs. 31.32; p = .013), verbal aggression (19.00 vs. 17.73; p < .001), anger (26.10 vs. 23.43; p < .001), and hostility (29.68 vs. 26.73; p < .001) were found among adolescents whose parents are divorced. Verbal and physical aggression, anger, and hostility were more shown in adolescents whose parents were divorced compared to adolescents whose parents are non-separated. Therefore, divorced parents must be motivated to provide their children with social, economic, and psychological needs to overcome these negative behaviors.


The slow breathing reduces blood pressure in hypertensive patients but not in normotensive subjects. In general, young women have lower blood pressure compared to age‐matched men. We hypothesized that slow breathing reduces sex differences and differences between normotensive and prehypertensive subjects in blood pressure and autonomic regulation.


Abstract In this paper, a joint solution tothe problem of ¯nding appropriateabstract representations for visualpolytopes is given. By using supportfrom convex and stochastic geome-try, collecting information of viewsfrom di®erent viewpoints, percep-tual grouping of 3D point-cloud im-age points into halfplanes with prob-abilistic robust ¯tting and the seg-mentation of edges and corners byintersecting halfplanes yields an ag-gregation of visual primitives intoobject prototypes by Bayes' beliefnetworks. In order to build ob-ject prototypes, a n-gram model istrained by edge and corner primi-tives, derivedfrom Monte-Carlosim-ulations and processing of real 3Dpoint-clouds. Finally, we use per-plexity to ¯nd out the best perform-ing network and de¯ne a Dirichletdistribution model of the n-grams.Keywords: Bayesian Belief Nets,Grammatical Inference, n-grams,Dirichlet distribution. 1 Introduction Within two recently proposed approaches, thecognitive vision framework [3] and the mod-eling of semantic aggregation of object pro-totypes from visual primitives [2], we utilized


Grafting experiment of Camellia oleifera were conducted for rapid reproductive propagation by using scions from different improved variety of C.oleifera clones.The results showed that the grafted C.oleifera got an average survival rate of 62%(2009) and 65.7%(2010),respectively.1-year old grafted seedlings had an average height of 22.6 cm,2-year old grafted seedlings had an average height of 43.7 cm.Different clones didn't demonstrate correlation to survival rate,also to sprouting ability.Height growth of grafted seedling correlated with seed quality and sprouting ability.


The crisis in Iran that unfolded through late 1977 and 1978 is one of the most momentous events of the postwar world. It is momentous in its implications for the 36 million people of Iran. They have, by dint of sustained popular protest, and some of the largest demonstrations in history, forced the Shah to abandon his autocratic system of government and to flee into exile. Many of the problems that Iran faces, and which in part underlay the collapse of the Pahlavi regime, still persist, and some have been aggravated by the protracted turmoil necessary to unseat the stubborn king. But a hated system of political dictatorship has been ousted in a spectacular victory. The way is now open for a democratic government to set about using Iran's temporary oil wealth for the permanent and equitably distributed benefit of the country, free from the corruption, the wastage, and the bombastic and vacuous schemes on which the Shah and his associates spent their time. The fall of the Shah's regime is also of momentous importance for the whole population of the Middle East: especially so for those smaller countries that had, in recent years, fallen under the domination of Iran's Nixon-incited 'protection' and who, as in Oman and in the Baluchi areas of Pakistan, had been the victim of the Shah's expeditionary corps. All the petty tyrants of the Gulf who had looked to Tehran for long-run protection, and even the far from petty ruling family of Saudi Arabia, must now be stricken with alarm; and further afield, President Sadat, recipient of the Shah's political and financial support, is visibly shaken by the waves of protest from Iran. For the western economies the loss of 18 per cent OPEC output is something that can probably be recouped over time and a new republican regime in Iran will certainly have to sell some oil to the West once the present uncertainties cease. But what the western nations will not be able to recover is the position of strategic dominance in and through Iran which the Shah's militaristic and chauvinistic policies guaranteed. The CIA has lost its 11 electronic espionage ground stations along the 1,000 mile Iranian-Soviet border. The thousands of US military personnel, seconded and contracted by the Department of Defense, have left. The arms sales have slumped, and the new government, and even Carter himself, have now agreed that Iran will no longer be able to police the Gulf. The conservative rulers of the


Gallbladder agenesis (GBA) is a well-recognised, yet rare embryological malformation, that is thought to stem from a failure of the gallbladder and cystic duct to bud from the common bile duct in the 5th week of gestation. The anomaly has an estimated incidence of 10-65 per 100 000 and is often an incidental finding. A quarter of those affected are symptomatic, often presenting in a similar manner to cholecystitis or choledocholithiasis. There is a lack of awareness and guidance on its investigation and management, making GBA a diagnostic challenge, which often leads to unnecessary high-risk surgical exploration.

 A 64-year-old man presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain, fevers, jaundice and persistent vomiting. On examination he was confused, visibly jaundiced and septic with deranged liver function tests. An initial ultrasound scan of the abdomen revealed dilated common bile ducts, with no evidence of choledocholithiasis, however, a gallbladder could not be identified. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography confirmed a 'post-cholecystectomy' picture, despite no history of abdominal surgery. This led us to the diagnosis of gallbladder agenesis.

 There are no dedicated guidelines regarding the investigation and management of GBA. Efforts have been made to stratify the diagnostic imaging of GBA. Malde et al suggest that if the gallbladder is not visualised on USS, the next most appropriate investigations in order of accuracy are MRCP, CT and ERCP, respectively. Interestingly, they further suggest that if results of imaging remain inconclusive, they should be repeated again once the acute phase of the illness or symptoms have resolved. Inadvertently, this suggestion was applied in our case, as the patient underwent a repeat MRCP following the resolution of his acute symptoms.
 In our case, MRCP allowed an effective final diagnosis, avoiding unnecessary investigations and exploratory surgery. It also provided a detailed anatomical picture, excluding the possibility of an ectopic gallbladder.

 The present case accentuates the importance of non-invasive imaging such as MRCP in appropriately diagnosing this phenomenon and avoiding unnecessary operative exploration.


Most wastewater treatment plants contain an activated sludge process, which consists of a biological reactor and a sedimentation tank. The purpose is to reduce the incoming organic material and dissolved nutrients (the substrate). This is done in the biological reactor where micro-organisms (the biomass) decompose the substrate. The biomass is then separated from the water in the sedimentation tank under continuous in- and outflows. One of the outflows is recirculated to the reactor. The governing mathematical model describes the concentration of substrate and biomass as functions of time for the biological reactor, and as functions of time and depth for the sedimentation tank. This gives rise to a system of two ODEs for the reactor coupled with two spatially one-dimensional PDEs for the sedimentation tank. The main mathematical difficulty lies in the nonlinear PDE modeling the continuous sedimentation of the biomass. Previous analyses of models of the activated sludge process have included excessively simplifying assumptions on the sedimentation process. In this paper, results for nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws with spatially discontinuous flux function are used to obtain a classification of the steady states for the coupled system. Their stability to disturbances are investigated and some phenomena are demonstrated by a numerical simulation.


As the adoption of cryptocurrencies grows to unprecedented levels, the scalability of blockchain technologies has become increasingly important. A major open question is whether cryptocurrencies are fundamentally able to support as much traffic as traditional, centralized solutions. One prominent approach for improving the scalability of blockchains is payment channel networks (PCNs) [1]. Instead of committing every transaction to the blockchain, a separate overlay network (called a PCN) is maintained. Each node represents a user, and each edge (or payment channel) represents pre-allocated funds that can be efficiently transacted between the two endpoints under a mutual agreement. Users can transact with each other by relaying payments over a sequence of channels.


Chapter 1: Introduction and Literature Review Chapter 2: Low dose exposure and immunogenicity of transgenic maize expressing the Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin B subunit Chapter 3: Immunogenicity of daily and intermittent oral administration of transgenic maize expressing the Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin B subunit Chapter 4: Discussion Acknowledgements iii


Abstract Congress gave the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC) authority to sell modestly valued housing at below‐market prices and with concessionary financing to enable lower income families to become homeowners and to expedite sales. Nonprofits and public agencies seeking to buy properties for occupancy by lower income people also qualified for these favorable terms. Setting a precedent for future housing policy initiatives, Congress conditioned access to this special program on the imposition of permanent low‐income use and affordability restrictions. This paper considers whether the RTC can reconcile its mandate to maximize preservation of affordable housing with its duty to maximize return on assets and minimize negative impacts on local markets. This issue is addressed through a comparative review of property disposition programs administered by three other federal agencies. The author concludes that the RTC's three goals can be harmonized and suggests criteria for evaluating the RTC's performance i...


A Dy:YLF laser operating on the /sup 6/H/sub 11/2/ to /sup 6/H/sub 13/2/ transition at 4.34 mu m and using a laser pumping scheme is reported. This pumping scheme is necessitated by the short upper-laser-level lifetime and the small effective stimulated-emission cross section. A suitable laser for this application is the Er:YLF laser operating at 1.73 mu m. A simple model that approximates Dy:YLF laser performance well is presented. Results on laser performance, including a determination of the slope efficiency and threshold as a function of the output mirror reflectivity and a correlation of the pulse length with the laser output energy, are reported. Overall laser efficiency is found to be limited primarily by the ratio of the pump wavelength to laser output wavelength and the terminated four-level laser operation. >


In this work we will rely on the technique application of semigroup theory and fixed point theorem "Banach contraction" to demonstrate that there exists a mild solution to this type of controllability for semilinear fractional integro-differential equations with deviated arguments in Banach spaces.


Population spatial migration tendency forecasting is very important for research of spatial demography. Statistical and artificial intelligence (soft computing) based approaches are too complex to be used for time series prediction. This paper presents Fourier series grey model (FGM) integrating prediction method including grey model (GM) and Fourier series to predict the trend of Jiangsu Provinces migration in China. There are two parts of forecast. The first one is to build a grey model from a series of data, and the other uses the Fourier series to refine the residuals produced by the mentioned model. It is evident that the proposed approach gets the better result performance in studying the population migration. Satisfactory results have been obtained, which improve GM reached when only GM was used for the population spatial migration tendency forecasting.


The problem of searching for patterns in data is a fundamental one and has a long and successful history. For instance, the extensive astronomical observations of Tycho Brahe in the 16 th century allowed Johannes Kepler to discover the empirical laws of planetary motion, which in turn provided a springboard for the development of classical mechanics. Similarly, the discovery of regularities in atomic spectra played a key role in the development and verification of quantum physics in the early twentieth century. The field of pattern recognition is concerned with the automatic discovery of regularities in data through the use of computer algorithms and with the use of these regularities to take actions such as classifying the data into different categories. Consider the example of recognizing handwritten digits, illustrated in Figure 1.1. Each digit corresponds to a 28×28 pixel image and so can be represented by a vector x comprising 784 real numbers. The goal is to build a machine that will take such a vector x as input and that will produce the identity of the digit 0,. .. , 9 as the output. This is a nontrivial problem due to the wide variability of handwriting. It could be 1 2 1. INTRODUCTION Figure 1.1 Examples of handwritten digits taken from US zip codes. tackled using handcrafted rules or heuristics for distinguishing the digits based on the shapes of the strokes, but in practice such an approach leads to a proliferation of rules and of exceptions to the rules and so on, and invariably gives poor results. Far better results can be obtained by adopting a machine learning approach in which a large set of N digits {x 1 ,. .. , x N } called a training set is used to tune the parameters of an adaptive model. The categories of the digits in the training set are known in advance, typically by inspecting them individually and hand-labelling them. We can express the category of a digit using target vector t, which represents the identity of the corresponding digit. Suitable techniques for representing categories in terms of vectors will be discussed later. Note that there is one such target vector t for each digit image x. The result of running the machine learning algorithm can be expressed as a function y(x) which takes a new digit image x as input and that generates an output vector y, encoded in …


: Background: Acute respiratory infections are major public health threats in children aged less than 5 years. Acute respiratory infections caused 20%of the childhood deaths worldwide in which 99% deaths in children under 5 are reported in developing countries like Pakistan. Globally, about 150 million people were affected with financial loss after out of pocket expenditure on health. Out of pocket costs accounts for 61% of the health care financing in Pakistan The mortality rates in rural areas in children under 5 are about a quarter to a third higher in comparison to urban areas. Methodology: Simple random sampling technique was used. Data was collected only on those children under 5 who met the case definition for acute respiratory infection. The main objective of the study was to estimate the cost per episode of acute respiratory infection in children under 5 years. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The calculated sample size was 229 Main findings: The median cost per episode of ARI on child treatment was approximately US$3 (300 PKR). The median of direct medical cost of ARI US$ 1.5(150PKR) was higher as compared to non-medical costs US$1.0(100 PKR).Almost every outpatient visit either in private or public hospital resulted in costs for prescribed medication but no laboratory tests were recommended.. Conclusion Study participants spend more on their male child as compared to female child. Families with higher income have more health expenditures on their child treatment than those having less income. The majority of the parents (75%) preferred to visit private health care providers for the treatment of their children. Estimated indirect cost was higher in public facilities as compared to private facilities because of waiting time to consult the doctor was longer.


The effect of Au addition on crystallization was investigated for TeOx-Au films used for optical recording materials. Crystallization phases precipitated from the films were found to be AuTe2 in low Au content films and AuTe1.7 in high Au content films. The crystallization rate was much faster in the case of crystalline AuTe1.7 than in the case of crystalline AuTe2. The time required for the signal saturation due to the crystallization of the films irradiated by laser (850nm in wavelength, 8mW/um2 in power) was shortened up to 60ms for the films in which AuTe1.7 was precipitated from 30s for the pure TeOx films in which crystalline Te was precipitated. The transformation mechanism from the amorphous to the crystalline state in these films is discussed.


The lives of people with diabetes may be revolutionised by an explosion of new product developments and launches. These emerging technologies include new continuous blood glucose monitoring, innovative insulin delivery techniques and novel data and decision support mechanisms that could improve HbA1c levels. In addition, to potentially decreasing the time spent either in hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia, these new technologies also have the potential to improve a patient's quality of life as well as to reduce the burden of self‐management. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons.


This paper explores the characteristics of learning festivals and Adult Learners' Weeks and their use as tools of advocacy in seeking policy change on behalf of under-represented groups, and it considers their impact on public policy affecting adult learners. In addition, it reflects on the role of the week in celebrating a culture of adult learning. The paper includes analysis of the relationship between the development of festivals and policy change affecting adult learners through Adult Learners' Weeks in the United Kingdom after 1992, exploring, in particular, the role of the Week in affecting policy, participation, and inter-communal understanding arising from increased migration. The paper explores the spread of learning festivals and the sequence of Presidency conferences in the European Union in the years leading up to the Lisbon Memorandum in 2000; the role of festivals in the aftermath of war in the Balkans; and the role of the World Social Forum as an antidote to neo-liberal orthodoxies in international policy discussions. It also considers the success and failure of learning weeks as a tool of advocacy and policy change.


Purchasing decisions and customer satisfaction are what determine marketing. This study aimed to analyze the effect of marketing mix variables of price, place, and promotion on purchase decisions and customer satisfaction at SDS Nusantara of Batam City. The research method used was quantitative method with data collected using questionnaires distributed directly to 150 respondents and using accidental sampling. The data processing analysis used in this research was SemPLS 3.2.9 application. The results of this study found that the price, place and promotion variables had a positive and significant effect, then the price, place and promotion variables also had significant and positive effect on customer satisfaction, finally the purchase decision had a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction.


In general, the bridge type is a reinforced concrete bridge, composite and steel frame. The Baki River Bridge was originally a 40 m long Wood type bridge connecting the village of Mengkopot Tanjung Pisang because the condition of the Baki river bridge has been damaged especially on bridge floors and girders due to age, so it is planned to re-use the steel frame bridge structure. By using the steel bridge structure, it is expected that later it can be a comparison for the future bridge planning. In this study, the structure of the planned bridge consists of bridge slabs, sidewalk slabs, backrest pipes, longitudinal and transverse girders, steel frames, wind ties, and joints. By following the SNI T-02-2005 bridge loading standard, SNI T-03-2005 for planning steel bridge structures and SNI T-12-2004 for planning concrete structures on bridges. From the planning results obtained thickness 200 mm Bridge Slab and thick sidewalk slab 250 mm with a longitudinal girder profile used WF 600.200.11.17 mm steel with a distance between girders 1.75 m. Transverse girders of steel profiles WF 700,300.13.24 are used with the distance between girders 5 m. Used Steel profiles WF 400,400.13.21 as Main Frame and Steel WF profile 126.96.36.199 as profiles for wind ties.


Different interferometric techniques are required to cover most of the scientific needs of a multi-user facility to study dynamic phenomena in different fields of fluid science in micro-gravity. In opposition to the situation on ground multi-user facilities like the Fluid Science Laboratory (FSL) have severe constraints for what concerns e.g. volume, mass, modularity, operational needs and their uncontrolled thermaland operational environment. This results in a three-dimensional modular drawer structure as the basis for the interferometers and the experiment. Together with a rather uncontrolled thermal environment, this leads to changes in the overall alignment, in particular of the threedimensional interferometric optical paths. As the interferometric measurement is an integral measurement, one cannot separate between the effect caused by the unknown dynamic behaviour of the fluid science experiment inside the experimental cell and the effects caused by the thermally induced deformations of the measurement set-up itself. This paper reports about the development of a misalignment detectionand passiveand active compensation concept to keep the qualitativeand quantitative access to the physical phenomena under investigation. Finally the results of representative environmental verification tests are reported, which confirm the absolute need of an active alignment system for such a multi-type interferometric set-up. INTRODUCTION The Columbus Orbital Facility (COF) of the International Space Station (ISS), which is presently under development and is planned to be launched in 2004, shall also become the home of the Fluid Science Laboratory (FSL). Among other diagnostic tools three different interferometric methods are planned to be integrated into the FSL: Holographic Interferometry (HI), Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) and Shearing Interferometry (SI). Thus, the FSL shall provide the first time a set of different types of those highly sensitive optical diagnostic tools for fluid science research under low gravity conditions. Due to the severe constrains concerning volume and mass onboard the ISS the interferometer design differs from set-ups designed for on ground applications. Folded optical paths have to be used to optimize the volume requirements of the set-up and the mass of the set-up has to be limited strictly. This complicates the optical alignment, which in anyway must cope with environmental temperature changes of about ±10 °C. Thermo-mechanical deformations appearing during an interferometric measurement can lead to significant measurement errors, especially for long-term measurements. An interferometer breadboard of the FSL project is updated by introducing an isostatic structure, a prerequisite for an optical drawer concept to avoid mechanical loads from the rack. The thermo-mechanical deformations are analyzed on the basis of a Finite Element 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law 29 September 3 October 2003, Bremen, Germany IAC-03-J.5.08 Copyright © 2003 by the International Astronautical Federation. All rights reserved. 2 Model (FEM). The results are used as input for a ray-tracing analysis of the optical concept in order to calculate the resulting interferogram perturbations. Based on these calculations the requirements for activeand passive compensation techniques are defined and compensation concepts are developed. The existing interferometer concept is completed to a representative breadboard by including the elements for the passiveand active compensation technique. Finally the developed alignment concepts are functionally tested and exposed to realistic environmental thermo-optical tests to verify the analytical results in praxis. In following the principle suitability of the passiveand active compensation technique is demonstrated in detail. Finally the results of the intensive experimental test campaign are presented. CONCEPT OF A MULTI-TYPE


This paper presents a matrix-based lumped-element theoretical analysis of CMOS distributed amplifiers that employ the image impedance technique for the input/output terminating networks. The design of distributed amplifiers can be more efficient in CMOS technology by using lumped-element modelling of the distributed amplifiers rather than the one commonly based on transmission line parameters. The simulation results clearly indicate an improved voltage gain and a better gain uniformity over the bandwidth of the proposed amplifier design. Moreover, this matrix-based lumped-element method is suitable for analysis of any distributed amplifier with an arbitrary terminating network.


Supply chain management model in digital for supervision management in a cooperative education in the universities is composed of six elements namely main elements suppliers, manufacturer, Education customers, Consumers Satisfaction and Return. The objective of this research is to develop and to evaluate an appropriate about Supply chain management model in digital for supervision management in a cooperative education in the universities A sample consisted of ten experts in supply chain. Data analysis was the average mean and standard deviation. The results from ten experts agreement of about Supply chain management model in digital for supervision management in a cooperative education in the universities was a high level which means that model can develop digital for supervision management in a cooperative education.


A large size novel non-tracking solar cooker has been designed, developed and tested. The cooker has been designed in such a way that the width to length ratio for reflector and glass window is about 4 so that maximum radiation falls on the glass window. This has helped in eliminating azimuthal tracking that is required in simple hot box solar cooker towards the Sun every hour because the width to length ratio of reflector is 1. It has been found that stagnation temperatures were 118.5C and 108C in large size non-tracking solar cooker and hot box solar cooker respectively. It takes about 2 h for soft food and 3 h for hard food. The cooker is capable of cooking 4.0 kg of food at a time. The efficiency of the large size non-tracking solar cooker has been found to be 27.5%. The cooker saves 5175 MJ of energy per year. The cost of the cooker is Rs. 10000.00 (1.0 US$ = Rs. 50.50). The payback period has been calculated by considering 10% annual interest, 5% maintenance cost and 5% inflation in fuel prices and maintenance cost. The payback period is least, i.e. 1.58 yr., with respect to electricity and maximum, i.e. 4.89 yr., with respect to kerosene. The payback periods are in increasing order with respect to fuel: electricity, coal, firewood, liquid petroleum gas, and kerosene. The shorter payback periods suggests that the use of large size non-tracking solar cooker is economical.


A novel method for designing Disturbance Observer (DOB), an essential component of Active Anti-Disturbance Control (AADC) schemes, for nonlinear Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems has been proposed. In contrast to the prevailing observer gain based approach, the proposed DOB design methodology employs the MIMO "Hirschorn Inverse" technique. The overall architecture and the related design pragmatics have been discussed. Feasibility and disturbance estimation performance of the proposed approach have been illustrated by a Quadruple Tank process with two inputs and two outputs.


Analysis of age-specific trajectories of cancer incidence rates for all sites combined (data source: International Agency for Research on Cancer) reveals a leveling-off and decline of the rates at old ages in different countries and time periods. We apply a non-linear age-period-cohort model (James and Segal 1982) to obtain declining cancer incidence rates at old ages. The age effects are represented by a power function of age in accordance with a multistage model of carcinogenesis (Armitage and Doll 1954). Applications to cancer incidence in England and Wales, Japan (Miyagi prefecture) and the USA (New York State and San Francisco) illustrate the approach. Further topics of research are discussed.


Co-channel interference is a key performance indicator of railway digital mobile communication system (RDMCS). Based on an overall consideration of both small-scale attenuation and large-scale attenuation, this paper analyzes co-channel interference in two typical scenarios of weak field areas where repeaters are utilized. In small-scale attenuation, we consider time delay difference. If time delay difference of signals with same content is too long, signals may not be equalized and then become reciprocal interference. In large-scale attenuation, we calculate the power of co-channel signals through transmitting power and path loss. Then we simulate the carrier-to-interference ratio (C/I) of co-channel interference. According to the requirements of high-speed railway, this paper proposes some schemes of transmission equipments' location and distance to reduce the impact of co-channel interference. Because of some data and scenarios in this paper is from practical situation in China high-speed railway, these schemes are more coincidental with the reality, reasonable, practicability and useful for radio planning in new railway networks.


The competences of the bioethicist in a ricoeurian perspective, the title of this article, is a completely novel result of a study of hermeneutic-analytical kind, which is entitled The contributions of ricoeurian hermeneutics to the epistemological statute of bioethics, which is still in gestation, in that the same Bioethics is a discipline that is only forty years old and continues to seek its epistemological foundation, which so far has been weaved based on the interdisciplinary contributions of philosophy, religion and the medical ethics science. The article presents a series of anthropological kind competencies identified as those responsible for clarifying issues concerning the decision-making from the bioethical standpoint. Five core competencies of bioethicists stand out, namely the homo capax actant or man capable of acting, the homo capax linguistic or man able to say, the narrator homo capax or man capable of narrating and narrate himself, the attributable homo capax or man capable of responsibility, the homo capax of promise or the man able to keep a pledge.


Wetland areas have been drastically reduced through the Pacific Flyway and the Sonoran Desert, with severe consequences for avian populations. In the Colorado River delta, wetlands have been reduced by 80 percent due to water management practices in the Colorado River basin. However, excess flows and agricultural drainage water has restored some areas, providing habitat for several sensitive species such as the Yuma Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris yumanensis). This has sparked community interest to explore different scenarios for the restoration of bird habitat. Three community based restoration projects are currently underway in the delta, focusing on the restoration of marshlands, riparian stands, and mesquite bosque. The goal of these projects is to reestablish the ecological functions of the Colorado River delta, through an efficient use of available water for the conservation of biodiversity and the preservation of social and cultural values in the region.


Chronic ischaemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the most common cardiac conditions worldwide and is generally caused by the consequences of coronary atherosclerosis, including myocardial infarction. Clinical challenges in chronic IHD include detection of myocardial ischaemia in symptomatic patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), evaluation of myocardial viability in patients with established IHD and poor left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) when revascularization is considered, as well as risk stratification and identification of patients with chronic IHD at high risk of complications. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) can provide vital answers to all three of these challenges. Stress CMR is now increasingly used to detect ischaemia by means of vasodilator stress perfusion or dobutamine stress contractile reserve stress imaging. For viability assessment, late gadolinium enhancement is currently the method of choice to detect myocardial infarction, and low-dose dobutamine stress magnetic resonance can provide additional information to determine viability and guide therapy. Cardiovascular risk in patients with chronic IHD is mainly determined by left ventricular function, most commonly utilizing LVEF, as well as infarct size, infarct characteristics, and ischaemic burden, which can all be measured reliably with CMR. This chapter will review the role of CMR for the detection of myocardial ischaemia, viability, and risk.


In this paper, we design a confidence interval for the exponential distribution parameter based on TypeⅡ censored samples by two-stage procedures. This confidence interval has prescribed width and prescribed coverage probability.


As the many citations to his prior work in our article, Spectrum Policy Reform and the Next Frontier of Property Rights, indicate, Thomas Hazlett is a preeminent scholar of the law and economics of wireless spectrum. Given that our inspiration for the article was to highlight some key shortcomings in the scholarly debate (and in the policy arena), we are encouraged that Professor Hazlett has engaged our argument with a very thoughtful and interesting response. From our vantage point, however, Hazlett's response does not contradict, but rather underscores and sharpens some of the key points that we made in our article. By so doing, it brings into focus the critical issues that scholars and policymakers need to wrestle with in the years ahead. To frame our response, we will first address issues related to the development of spectrum property rights and remedies, then discuss the need to "zone" the spectrum, and conclude by discussing the optimal institutional strategy for managing spectrum property rights.


In this article we study the invertibility of the linearized operator coming from the nonlinear elasticity in the special case of a two‐dimensional thin beam of thickness 2ϵ in one direction and of length 2πL and periodic in the other direction. In the context of the displacement approach, we show that the linearized operator is not invertible for some small compressions of order O(ϵ2/L2) in the direction of the thickness of the beam, and not in the direction of the length as it is usually considered. In particular, we study the kernel of an associated linear operator on an infinite strip. This linear operator depends on a parameter $\overline{\delta}$ which describes the compression with respect to the thickness for $\overline{\delta} <0$. For small enough $\overline{\delta} >0$, we prove that the kernel is trivial; on the contrary for $\overline{\delta} <0$, we rigorously find periodic solutions in the kernel. This last fact is related to the non‐invertibility of the previous linearized operator coming from nonlinear elasticity.


Non-contact heart rate (HR) detection is a new technique developed in recent years, which uses face videos captured by ordinary cameras for heart rate signal estimation, and the implementation of this technique can be divided into two major parts: signal extraction and signal analysis. This paper classifies each pixel timing by using a simplified nearest neighbor classifier and optimizes the signal extraction results by morphological filtering. In the signal analysis stage, this paper uses principal component analysis (PCA) to pre-process the extracted signal set to select the three principal elements that are most likely to contain the heart rate signal, and then uses independent component analysis (ICA) to separate the three principal elements blindly, and then determines the final heart rate signal by fast Fourier transform (FFT). In this paper, the heart rate signal obtained from the above method using the laptop's own camera is compared with that of a finger clip pulse oximeter, and it is found that the algorithm used in this paper is used for non-contact heart rate detection in the presence of ambient noise and slight motion effects.


Global climate change and increasing energy costs as well as environmental concerns have led to increased worldwide interests in passive buildings, which have minimal energy consumption and reduced environmental impact. Passive houses design and construction processes are much more complex than it is in the case of buildings developed in the traditional standard and they are associated with many risks. In this work, the selected problems related to the design and construction of passive buildings were presented. The risks were divided into three categories: problems with the architectural and construction design, problems with the installation design, and problems at the building site. All in all, 30 risks in the design and construction of passive houses were identified. Their causes, consequences, and possibilities of detection were investigated. Qualitative risk assessment of passive houses design and construction applying Failure Mode and Effect Analysis was presented. That allowed it allowed to gather information for making decisions in the risk management process. The qualitative risk assessment results (the list of the most important risk factors, their causes, consequences, and detection possibilities) enhance avoiding undesirable problems and errors, as well as additional costs associated with the project failure and support meeting the deadline for the passive house investment. The qualitative risk assessment results are also the starting point for development of a comprehensive risk management model for the design and construction of a passive building.


Various scholars have suggested ways to resist neoliberal conditions in higher education (HE). In analysing current neoliberal policies and practices in HE, I suggest that postcolonial theories of resistance can enhance our ability as faculty and administrators to understand and 'resist' these policies and practices. In this article, I review four modes of postcolonial resistance as described by David Jeffress (2008), mobilizing a critique of resistance as writing and cultural practice and challenging the reactionary nature of subversion and opposition. I argue that we need to place emphasis on transformational resistance, or the creation of new ways of being, knowing and doing in HE in order to transform the academy.


The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is involved in glucose homeostasis and synthetic PPARγ ligands, the thiazolidinediones, a new class of antidiabetic agents that reduce insulin resistance and, as a secondary effect, reduce hepatic glucose output. PPARγ is highly expressed in normal human pancreatic islet α-cells that produce glucagon. This peptide hormone is a functional antagonist of insulin stimulating hepatic glucose output. Therefore, the effect of PPARγ and thiazolidinediones on glucagon gene transcription was investigated. After transient transfection of a glucagon-reporter fusion gene into a glucagon-producing pancreatic islet cell line, thiazolidinediones inhibited glucagon gene transcription when PPARγ was coexpressed. They also reduced glucagon secretion and glucagon tissue levels in primary pancreatic islets. A 5′/3′-deletion and internal mutation analysis indicated that a pancreatic islet cell-specific enhancer sequence (PISCES) motif within the proximal glucagon promoter element G1 was required for PPARγ responsiveness. This sequence motif binds the paired domain transcription factor Pax6. When the PISCES motif within G1 was mutated into a GAL4 binding site, the expression of GAL4-Pax6 restored glucagon promoter activity and PPARγ responsiveness. GAL4-Pax6 transcriptional activity was inhibited by PPARγ in response to thiazolidinedione treatment also at a minimal viral promoter. These results suggest that PPARγ in a ligand-dependent but DNA binding-independent manner inhibits Pax6 transcriptional activity, resulting in inhibition of glucagon gene transcription. These data thereby define Pax6 as a novel functional target of PPARγ and suggest that inhibition of glucagon gene expression may be among the multiple mechanisms through which thiazolidinediones improve glycemic control in diabetic subjects.


SUMMARY Ferritic stainless steel is a material resistant to corrosion and with good aspect, whose structural behavior hasn't been completely investigated. Nevertheless, ferritic stainless steel exhibits favorable characteristics respect to the austenitic stainless steel, for instance avoiding the content of nickel which is characterized by an unstable price, which could negatively influences the final cost of the material. For this reason it could be considered an interesting material in the field of construction. This work presents the numerical results, obtained through the FEM code Abaqus, regarding buckling analyses and non-linear analyses for geometry and material of RHS and SHS columns subjected to compression and combined bending and compression. These numerical results should support in the future the results obtained by means of experimental


Two new experimental setups are being developed at European Commission's Joint Research Centre in Geel, Belgium. The scintillator array ELISA (ELastic and Inelastic Scattering Array) is for high-quality neutron scattering cross section and angular distribution measurements. It has the capability to separate neutron-and photon-induced events via pulse-shape analysis. Inelastic scattering can also be resolved from the elastic channel. The ELISA setup and data analysis procedure were validated by performing measurements using carbon and iron samples. The DELCO spectrometer (Detection of ELectrons from COnversion) is intended for inelastic neutron scattering cross-section measurements in cases where the detection of γ rays is not feasible. The current status of DELCO, results from the first tests, and future prospects will be discussed.


The present study was conducted in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh. Findings showed that majority of the self help group leaders were under high category of grading the products. It was observed that majority of self help group leaders possess moderately favorable attitude in marketing their products.


In physical training in military academies, cadets are likely to get nervous. This article demonstrates the way of preventing and eliminating supertension from both the internal cause and external cause.


In 1852, the naturalist and writer Louisa Meredith observed in her book My Home in Tasmania: "I know of no place where greater order and decorum is observed by the motley crowds assembled on any public occasion than in this most shamefully slandered country: not even in an English country village can a lady walk alone with less fear of harm or insult than in this capital of Van Diemen's Land, commonly believed at home to be a pest-house, where every crime that can disgrace and degrade humanity stalks abroad with unblushing front." Meredith's paean to life in the notorious Australian penal colony of Hobart was in stark contrast to her earlier, highly unfavourable account of colonial Sydney. It papered over the years of personal hardship she had endured in Australia, as well as avoiding mention of the racial warfare against Tasmania's Aborigines that had afforded her such a genteel European existence. Such intra-Australian complexities, however, were lost when Meredith's account was superimposed onto German debates about the desirability of penal colonies for Germany. Instead, Meredith's portrait of a cultivated city emerging from the most notorious penal colony in Australia was presented as proof that the deportation of criminals was an important dimension of the civilising mission of Europe in the extra-European world. It was also presented as a vindication of those in Germany who wished to rid Germany of its lumpen criminal class through deportation. The exact paragraph of Meredith's account cited above was quoted in German debates on deportation for almost half a century; first in 1859 by the jurist Franz von Holtzendorff, and thereafter by Friedrich Freund when advocating the establishment of a penal colony in the Preußische Jahrbücher in September 1895.


If preservation and prosperity of humanity on the Earth and human settlement of space are our goals, we should concentrate on a commercial path to get there. Commercial enterprise has a long history of fortuitously aiding scientific progress. We expect radical changes in the cost of earth to orbit transportation, and in the methods and efficacy of deep space transportation, within the next two decades.A successful space tourism industry, beginning with suborbital tourism, will greatly drive down the cost of access to orbit over the next 15 years. Inexpensive transportation to low Earth orbit is the first requirement for a great future on the High Frontier. Inexpensive means the cost associated with a mature transportation system. A mature system has a cost of three to five times the cost of the propellant. The first cheap, reliable and highly reusable rocket engines are just now appearing in vehicles. With an assured market and high flight rate, the heretofore glacial progress in reducing the cost of spac...


The sheared slab ηi instability is reconsidered in tokamak plasma with negative magnetic shear. A modified sheared slab model is presented to include both the magnetic shear and its variation with the magnetic surface. The results show that the slow variation of magnetic shear can aggravate the sheared slab ηi instability in the region near the minimum-q magnetic surface and that it has a weak stabilizing role in the plasma core near the axis. However, when the effect of the variation of magnetic shear increases, it can give rise to a stronger slab ηi instability. In addition, a linear mode coupling mechanism could be mediated by the variation of magnetic shear with a magnetic surface.


Although p53 overexpression is frequent in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), controversy remains regarding the prognostic significance of that overexpression. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression pattern and prognostic significance of p53 expression in HNSCC of the same location, treated in the same way, and with long‐term follow‐up.


Relative narrow bandwidth-high energy radiation can be produced through Thomson scattering, where highly relativistic electrons collide with a laser pulse. The bandwidth of such a source is determined, among others factors, by the bandwidth of the laser pulse and the energy spread of the electrons. Here we investigate how the bandwidth of such a source can be minimized, with a particular emphasis on electron bunches with a correlated energy spread of several percent, that are typical for plasma based accelerator schemes. We show that by introducing a chirp on the laser pulse it is possible to compensate the broadening effect due to the energy spread of the electrons, and obtain the same bandwidth as a quasi-monochromatic plane wave laser pulse colliding with a monoenergetic electron bunch. Ultimately, the bandwidth of a Thomson source is limited by the acceptance angle and the initial transverse momentum of electrons (emittance).


Posters for Emergency Departments (ED's)were created following a number of complaints from dissatisfied consumers who expressed their disappointment and confusion about the intake process in ED's.


By measuring the electrical conductivity of different meridians of the human body data can be obtained to demonstrate the meridian energies. Such non-invasive methods are used to stimulate acupuncture points on the meridians. There is a need to confirm the effectiveness of mechanisms of acupuncture for the human body using scientific methods. Measuring the electrical conductivity of different meridians provides indicators for interpretation. The aim of our study is to establish the possibility of using the method of studying the effect of exercise on the body by means of acupuncture diagnostics according to J.Nakatani's method on the example of static exercise, which is performed similarly to Dhanurasana (outside the bow in Hatha Yoga). Ten female students were examined. Measurements were taken before the exercise, during and after the exercise after 6 minutes. The results of the research showed significant changes in the indicators of electrical activity in the representative points of the meridians of the body. An increase in electrical activity in the meridians of the human body, which are responsible for the functions of the respiratory, cardiovascular systems, kidneys and adrenal glands, gallbladder, small and large intestines, spleen, pancreas, liver and bladder, and its decrease in the meridian of the stomach. The method of acupuncture diagnostics chosen allows determining the electrical activity of the meridians of the human body during static exercise. It is possible to offer use of this technique of research of influence of physical exercises on a human body along with other generally accepted scientific methods.


CYP2C9 и учет таких факторов, как возраст и клиренс креатинина, повышают безопасность использования варфарина.In this research frequency of oral anticoagulants administration in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in combination with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and history of thromboembolism was studied. Retrospective research of 1028 case histories of patients with ACS and different forms of nonvalvular AF was performed, among them 131 patients had thromboembolism in anamnesis. Also we studied the ways of optimization of warfarin use: 25 patients with AF and more than two risk factors of thromboembolism in comparison with 28 patients without history of AF were examined for analysis of CYP2C9 gene polymorphism prevalence, effect of age, gender, creatinine clearence on warfarin dose was studied. The results of the research testify to insufficient administration of oral anticogulants to the patients with ACS combined with AF at high risk of thromboembolism; identification of CYP2C9 genotype regarding such factors as age and creatinine clearence may promote the safety of warfarin use.


The necropolis of Qubbet el-Hawa, perhaps best known as the site of tombs hewn by the nobility of Aswan during the Old and Middle Kingdoms, continued in use long after the burial of its famed inmates Harkhuf, Pepy-nakht, Sabni, and Sirenput. Evidence of its development in later times is somewhat more scattered than we might hope, but is far from lost, although often overshadowed by the monuments of earlier periods. A facet of Qubbet el-Hawa's later history recently emerged in the storage facilities of the Kalamazoo Public Museum in the form of a


Feminist, anti-vivisectionist, occultist, and one of the first British women to qualify as a medical doctor, Anna Kingsford remains notably absent from recent studies of Victorian science and spiritualism. Her efforts to synthesize occult and scientific worldviews have been side-lined by those of male contemporaries such as Oliver Lodge and Alfred Russel Wallace, ones whose professional status and gender coordinates more readily align with implicit assumptions about the kind of person for whom disenchantment posed an intellectual problem that might best be solved in the laboratory. My paper positions Kingsford at the very heart of the late Victorian project to accommodate scientific innovation and spiritual belief by tracing her attempts to forge an intuitive epistemology superior to what she viewed as the deeply suspect championship of objectivity. In doing so, it aims to expose and redress blind spots within recent esotericism studies-based approaches to the disenchantment debate.


................................................................................................................................................. 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................................ 6 1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Genre and Language Theory ...................................................................................................... 27 1.2 Genre of the Book of Revelation ................................................................................................. 35 1.2.1 Epistle ................................................................................................................................. 37 1.2.2 Narrative ............................................................................................................................. 43 1.2.3 Prophecy ............................................................................................................................. 46 1.2.4 Apocalyptic ......................................................................................................................... 54 1.2.5 Apocalyptic Purpose ........................................................................................................... 62 1.3 Method ........................................................................................................................................ 67 1.4 Terminology ................................................................................................................................ 74 1.4.1 Imagery ............................................................................................................................... 78 1.4.2 Metaphor ............................................................................................................................. 81 1.4.3 Symbol ................................................................................................................................. 97 1.4.4 Analogy ............................................................................................................................. 102 1.4.5 Typology ............................................................................................................................ 107 1.5 Types of Linguistic/Literary Metaphors .................................................................................... 109 1.5.1 Verbs/Non-Copulative Sentences/Substantives ................................................................. 113 1.5.2 Copulative Sentences ........................................................................................................ 116 1.5.3 Genitive Case Metaphors .................................................................................................. 122 1.5.4 Attributive Construction Metaphors ................................................................................. 123 1.5.5 Prepositions ...................................................................................................................... 124 1.5.6 Associated Common Places .............................................................................................. 125 1.6 Review of Literature .................................................................................................................. 131 1.7 Conclusion to Methodology and Literature Review .................................................................. 145 2 CHAPTER TWO: A THEORY OF LINGUISTIC METAPHOR IN JOHN'S APOCALYPSE AS DEVELOPED FROM REVELATION 1 ................................................................................................. 147 2.1 Revelation 1:8 – I am the Alpha and the Omega ...................................................................... 148 2.1.1 Overview of Interpretations of I AM the Alpha and Omega ............................................. 149 2.1.2 Alpha and Omega as Merism ............................................................................................ 150 2.1.3 Alpha and Omega as Nomina Sacra ................................................................................. 152 2.1.4 Other Potential Sources of Alpha and Omega .................................................................. 162


Water-filled pores of nanometer dimensions play important roles in chemistry and biology, e.g., as channels through biological membranes. Biological nanopores are frequently gated, i.e., they switch between an open and a closed state. In several ion channel structures the gate is formed by a ring of hydrophobic side chains that do not physically occlude the pore. Here we investigate whether a hydrophobic pore can act as a gate via molecular dynamics simulations of the passage of water through atomistic models of nanopores embedded within a membrane mimetic. Both the geometry of a nanopore and the hydrophilicity vs hydrophobicity of its lining determine whether water enters the channel. For purely hydrophobic pores there is an abrupt transition from a closed state (no water in the pore cavity) to an open state (cavity water at approximately bulk density) once a critical pore radius is exceeded. This critical radius depends on the length of the pore and the radius of the mouth region. Furthermore, a closed ...


Currently there seems to be an increase or perhaps greater visibility of cases of bullying and violence based on not belonging to the dominant gender or sexuality patterns. Situations in which sexual identity is therefore used to stigmatize, label or belittle.


- Read-write characteristics of P t/ C 0 multilayered magneto-optical( MO) disks are investigated using blue laser. I n order to demonstrate the high performance of the Pt/Co disk, we constructed recording systems which have a high numerical aperture objective lens (N and a blue laser source (457.9 nm Ar laser). The Pt/Co disk shows a larger carrier to noise ratio (CNR), 40 dB, than rare earth-transition metal GdDyFeCo, and the submicron domain (-0.4 /lm) can be recorded thermo-magnetically.


If you want to cite this report, please use the following reference instead: B. De Schutter and B. De Moor, " The extended linear complementarity problem and its applications in the max-plus algebra, " in Complementarity and Variational Problems: State of the Art (M. Abstract. In this paper we give a survey of our research on the Extended Linear Complemen-tarity Problem (ELCP). First we discuss the link between the ELCP and other generalizations of the Linear Complementarity Problem, and we present an algorithm to find all the solutions of an ELCP. Next we introduce the max-plus algebra and show how it can be used to model a certain class of discrete event systems. Finally we show that the ELCP can be used to solve many important problems in the max-plus algebra. 1. Introduction. In this survey paper we present the main results of our research on the Extended Linear Complementarity Problem (ELCP) and on the applications of the ELCP in the max-plus algebra. The ELCP is an extension of the Linear Complementarity Problem (LCP). Many other generalizations of the LCP are special cases of the ELCP and in a way the ELCP can be considered as the " most general linear " generalization of the LCP. We present an algorithm to find all solutions of an ELCP. This algorithm yields a description of the complete solution set of an ELCP by finite points, generators for the extreme rays and a basis for the linear subspace associated with the largest affine subspace of the solution set. In that way it provides an insight in the geometrical structure of the solution set of the ELCP and related problems. The formulation of the ELCP arose from our work in the study of discrete event systems, examples of which are flexible manufacturing systems, subway traffic networks , parallel processing systems, telecommunication networks and logistic systems. We introduce the max-plus algebra (which has maximization and addition as basic operations) and we show by an example how a certain class of discrete event systems can be modeled by a state space model that is " linear " in the max-plus algebra. Next we indicate how the ELCP can be used to solve a system of multivariate max-algebraic polynomial equalities and inequalities. This allows us to solve many other problems in the max-plus algebra such as computing max-algebraic matrix factorizations, performing state space transformations for max-linear time-invariant …


The [11C]methyl iodide (11C-CH3I ) is a very important methylated precursor in 11C labeled PET tracer synthesis. In order to get higher and more stable radiosynthesis yield of 11C-CH3I, this research aims at optimizing the key steps over the radiosynthesis procedure. After the system temperature of the module was optimized, a higher synthesis yield of 11C-CH3I (90.2 ±2.5)% was got, and 100% success rate of the synthesis was obtained at the same time. The synthesis time was 11min,and the radiochemical purity of the precursor was over 98%. Thus optimization of the system can lead to producing 11C-CH3I with higher and more stable yield.


that are the best represented in Varanasi. Their performance practice includes, unusually, all the traditional vikrtis (verbal permutations) plus some other rarer ones peculiar to that school. Here Howard shows that there is no significant relation between accent and recitation tone; he suggests (p. 84) that the Madhyandina chanters have cultivated the particularly large number of vikrtis precisely because accent is not followed in the chant, and so another form of mnemonic is required for the exact preservation of the tradition. In the Samavedic chant, most practitioners of which in VaranasT are of the Kauthuma branch, Howard sets out to interpret from first principles the numerical notation of the texts. His achievement here is considerable, especially if we consider the difficulty he experienced in gaining access to the practitioners' own explanations. Howard is sufficiently secure in his reading of the notation to be able to give a transcription, without reference to an actual performance, of the Gayatri, of which he was dissuaded from even requesting a recorded version, so reluctant are the northern Kauthumas to chant this saman for an outsider. All musicologists of India will be indebted to Howard for his meticulous gathering of material and painstaking transcriptions. Some parts of his musicological analysis will be found tantalizing. His brief speculations on the compositional process of saman chant rest on a notional repertoire of melodic elements and phrases or "motives", which he extracts and categorizes from the recordings. The method by which these motives are combined and structured is likened to that of the melodic components in the Hindustani aldp and tan, and as an example Howard cites the svaravistara given by V. N. Bhatkhande for a rdga in his pedagogical work, Hindustanisahglta paddhati. A great deal more needs to be discovered about the melodic form of saman in order to make this comparison intelligible. Are we really dealing here with improvised or formulaic structures, later fixed, or with melodic compositions which predated the texts to which they were fitted? Our thoughts about such questions may be assisted by examining the occasional comments on chant and melody in the ancillary saman and other Vedic texts, but we shall have to be careful to distinguish the quasi-analytical statements of early theory from likely historical reality. Above all, what is the nature of the relationship between saman and the other early musical traditions of India, and are there any detectable melody types analogous to the jdtis described in the early treatises? Howard's comments in this area of musicology are really only peripheral in a work which provides much valuable source material and which should inspire further investigation.


The consequent-pole (CP) Vernier permanent-magnet (VPM) machine has been developed over the last decade. In VPM machine, the CP structure can produce considerable torque with a half volumn of the PMs compared with the regular structure, so the cost is reduced and the mechanical strength is increased. In this paper, an improvement of chamfering structure on a CPVPM machine is proposed to alleviate the flux leakage and increase the torque density. The chamfered structure is easily machined and will not influence the robustness of the rotor. The comparison results show that under the same volume and copper loss constraint, the proposed structure has smaller cogging torque, smaller torque ripple, larger torque density and larger power factor.


A current loop control method of a permanent magnet synchronous motor relates to the current loop control method of a permanent magnet synchronous motor under the rotor field-oriented synchronous rotating coordinate axes, which comprises: acquiring stator current signal of the motor; detecting the position of the rotor of the motor, and computing the electrical angular velocity and the electrical angle; performing coordinate transformation for the stator current signal of the motor to obtain the d, q axis component of the stator current of the motor; establishing stationary equation set; establishing current loop control equation set; and undergoing coordinate transformation to obtain the switching signal of the motor operation. The invention has the benefit effect that the invention has higher voltage control precision, can meet the requirement of the high precision of different parameter motors within wider velocity range, and has high control precision, good dynamic performance, simple method and wider application range.


Adaptive potential and phenotypic plasticity determine the capacity of the species to adapt to new environmental changes. In this study, six genomic (SSRs) and 11 genic (EST-SSRs) microsatellites markers were used to estimate neutral and adaptive genetic diversity in nine European chestnut populations. These populations were distributed throughout representative areas of contrasting climate conditions in the Mediterranean basin. All neutral SSRs tested were polymorphic for all the populations analysed whereas 9 out of the 11 EST-SSRs resulted polymorphic. Genetic diversity values obtained with genomic SSRs were higher as compared to those obtained with EST-SSRs (Ho=0,60 and Ho=0,32 respectively). Moreover, genomic SSRs showed higher within population gene diversity and lower among population variation as compared to the EST-SSRs. Principal coordinates analysis showed slightly different grouping of the populations for the two types of markers. These preliminary results confirm that combining genomic and EST microsatellites is a useful tool to give complementary information to understand the genetic and adaptive diversity in chestnut.


In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of Thymus vulgaris L phenolic extracts on survivalability of yogurt starter culture. In addition, physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial quality of steamed fermented milk incorporated with thyme phenolic extracts at different concentrations was assessed during fermentation and 21 days of storage at 4C°. The extraction of the bioactive compounds was carried out by cold maceration with aqueous methanol (80:20, V / V). Total polyphenols were estimated at 20.2 ± 0.57 μg EAG / mg. Chromatographic screening of the extract by HPLC showed high proportions of glycosylated apigenin and fisetin; 37.46 and 33.82%. Benzoic and rosmarinic acids showed variable rates of 6.87 and 7.18%. Phenolic extracts exerted a bactericidal inhibitory effect on the studied species (CMB / MIC = 1). The quality of the experimental yogurt was significantly altered (p <0.01) at 6 and 8% phenolic extract. However those prepared at 2 and 4% were well appreciated by the panelists as well as the control yogurt.


Introduction The motivation for this paper came from multiple conversations between the editors about gender and environment theory and practice. From our own research on the gendered politics that articulate particular spaces, environments, and subjects across scales (Hawkins, forthcoming; Ojeda, 2010), we felt the need to review current and past work in the field, looking for theoretical and methodological clues on how to better understand the relation between gendered subjects and the gendered environments they signify, inhabit, and transform. With this broad question in mind, we did a thorough reading of gender and environment work within geography with the desire to review how current and past work relate to and diverge from one another, and how current work in the field has encompassed theoretical advances in feminist theory, nature ^ society theory, and analyses of the social production of nature. Reviewing a provocative set of work on the topic of gender and environment left us with further questions, including: How have those of us interested in gender ^ environment connections accounted for the role of gender in the uneven access to and control over resources? What are some recent trends and issues with respect to how we understand gender, environment, and the relations between the two? What are the directions in which this work is going, and what are the most urgent challenges it faces? In particular, we felt that there were important questions about the ways in which this loosely defined body of literature has addressed the gender category, its own politics of knowledge production, and the imaginings and possibilities of gender and environment theory and practice. The field of gender and environment studies is inspired by an interest in environmental issues and an understanding that these issues are gendered in complicated and important ways. These gender ^ environment relations have significant symbolic and material consequences in how nature is understood, in how environmental resources and responsibilities are managed and distributed, and in gendered power dynamics that play out in the day-to-day lives of people around the world. At the same time, this relation between gender and environment is twofold: the gendered environments we signify, inhabit, and transform, and the gendered power relations implicated in the complex dynamics of resource access and control, play an important role in processes of subject formation. In other words, processes of differentiation to which gender is central are place bound and, as such, are intricately related with the environmentsö households, regions, habitats, bodies, neighborhoods, etcöbeing produced. Because of the fact that the field addresses these fundamental issues, we see gender and environment theorisations as being at the forefront of issues such as consumption (Hawkins, forthcoming), global change (Seager, 2009), neoliberalization processes (Katz, 1998; 2001), the body (Harcourt, 2009; Langston, 2010), environmental justice (Di Chiro, 2008), population debates (Hartmann, 2001; Hartmann and Hendrixson, 2005), violence and militarization (Kuletz, 2001; Loyd, 2009; Ojeda, 2010), and conservation (Mollett, 2010; Sundberg, 2004) among other areas of study. This makes delving into current understandings of and future trends in the field all the more important. A discussion Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 2011, volume 29, pages 237 ^ 253


Anger regulation among adolescents is important to investigate given theoretical and empirical support for its critical association with peer relationships. This study examined two aspects of anger regulation (i.e., inhibition, dysregulation) using self-report and peer-nominations and their associations with social acceptance among 163 Black and White adolescents ( X ¯ = 13.87 years). We explored gender and ethnicity differences in anger regulation predicting peer acceptance. Self-reports and peer-nominations of anger regulation were significantly correlated. Within-gender ethnicity differences in anger regulation were found: White girls reported higher levels of anger inhibition than Black girls, and Black girls reported higher levels of anger dysregulation than White girls. For all adolescents, self-reports and nominations of anger inhibition were associated with higher levels of social acceptance, whereas nominations of anger dysregulation predicted lower social acceptance. The results indicate the importance of considering gender and ethnicity in adolescents' anger management within peer contexts.


Abstract We study the photoluminescence of quantum well excitons imbedded in monolithic microcavities. In the strong coupling regime, a coupled-mode situation develops, the cavity-polariton. We describe a model of the photoluminescence phenomenon in this regime, which by comparison with experiments enables us to determine the cavity-polariton dispersion curve. An excellent agreement with our theoretical model is found.


The comparative fit index (CFI) is one of the most widely-used fit indices in structural equation modeling (SEM). When applying the CFI to model evaluation, although it is universally recognized that the focus should be the population fit, in practice one often considers only the CFI value within a sample and neglects the uncertainty in point estimation. Confidence interval (CI) methods for CFI appeared only recently, but these methods assume multivariate normality, which often fails to hold in practice. In addition, the current methods are applications of the bootstrap and are thus computationally intensive. To better handle nonnormal data and simplify CI construction, in this paper we propose an analytic CI method for CFI without assuming normality. We then carry out simulation studies to compare the new and current methods at various levels of model misfit and nonnormality. Simulation results verify the effectiveness and advantages of the new method.


The Arctic is on the agenda of international politics, with an increasing geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic value. The impact of global warming, which is a dimension of global climate change, has created a radical change on the region which is covered with glaciers and has a very harsh climate. While the melting of glaciers in the region creates an environmental threat and an ecological transformation, it presents various opportunities in political, economic, scientific, military and commercial fields. Both regional and non-regional actors, on the one hand, want to carry out studies on global warming, which have become an international security issue, on the other hand, they show the will to get share from the context of their national interests. In this sense, Arctic has gradually become a focal point in which the policies of great actors are concentrated. The Arctic also stands out as one of the places where China, the rising power of the international area, exhibits its global expansion. Potentials such as alternative trade route, energy resources, valuable metals, scientific discoveries, tourism in the region are the main lines of China's orientation. With the "White Book" announced in 2018, China laid out the official outline of the Chinese Arctic policy and explained the idea of the Polar Silk Road, which will form one leg of the Belt and Road Initiative. In this study, first of all, a brief introduction to the Arctic Region will be given, and then the Arctic Council, which was formed according to Ottawa Declaration by 8 states and local people in the region, will be included. Then, the general outlines of the policies of the actors in the Arctic will be discussed and as an outer actor China's Arctic policy will be examined through the Polar Silk Road project.


This paper provides the analysis of networking opportunities for the organizations of Russia and Vietnam within the framework of training of qualified specialists in engineering. Various approaches to international networking are discussed with partners including academic and research organizations, representatives from industry and government administration. Special focus in the formation of international networking partners is given to the education component.


Based on expected US equity secular forecasts according to the Elliott wave, the secular bear which started in 2000 puts a bottom about 80% below 2000 highs. This paper translates and illustrates an equivalent prospective wave (inverted) which places the Shiller CAPE at approximately 7.5.


We present an approach for the validation of Message Passing Interface (MPI) programs. The aim is to type-check programs against session-type based protocol specifications, enforcing properties such as protocol fidelity, absence of race conditions or deadlocks. We design and implement a protocol specification language based on dependent multiparty session types. The language is equipped with a type formation system and an operational semantics, and its correctness is ensured by a progress property for well formed types. For verification, the protocol is translated into the language of VCC, a software verifier for the C programming language. C+MPI programs are annotated with assertions that help the verifier either prove or disprove the conformance of programs against protocols. A large part of the necessary annotations are automatically introduced by an annotator we developed. We successfully validated several publicly available MPI programs with this approach.


In order to measure wireless sensor networks deployment in combat of airborne guard comprehensively and rationally,a new kind of index system of evaluating a wireless sensor networks deployment is built and the determining method of each factor is given.In this base,the math model of wireless sensor networks is built,the detailed solving algorithm is also given.The simulation shows the model is valid.


Increased plant size is generally expected to have negative consequences for mating by increasing pollen transfer between flowers of the same plant. Such geitonogamous self‐pollination would then reduce sexual fitness through both female and male function. However, recent theoretical work has indicated that when plants grow clonally, the outward expansion of plants caused by clonal growth might have positive effects on siring without substantially increasing rates of self‐pollination. We investigated patterns of pollen dispersal, selfing and siring in a monoecious population of the clonal plant Sagittaria latifolia, in which clones varied in size and the extent of intermingling with other clones. A spatially explicit statistical model based on the inferred pollen dispersal kernel was constructed to examine the mechanisms underlying observed mating patterns. Pollen dispersal typically occurred over distances that exceeded the spatial extent of clones. There was a positive association between clone size (measured as the number of ramets per genet) and the likelihood that clones were intermingled with the shoots of other clones. Together, these patterns of pollen dispersal and clonal intermingling resulted in a weak positive association between clone size and selfing rates and a strong positive association between clone size and outcross siring success. These patterns were replicated in the spatially explicit model, indicating that the intermingling of clones is an important determinant of mating patterns in this population. Synthesis. Our study provides the first examination of the pollen dispersal kernel for a clonal plant. It is the first study providing empirical support for model predictions that potentially negative effects of increased selfing in large clones might be offset by increased siring success. This implies that the negative consequences of becoming large do not necessarily apply to clonal plants.


505 agricultural college students were investigated by TAT,ASLEC,and EPQ,the results show that 56.44% agricultural college students had moderate degree test anxiety,and 10.50% of them had over anxiety.The scores of test anxiety of female college students were significantly higher than those of the male students,and the scores of test anxiety of the students who had failure experience in serious examination were significantly higher than those of the ones of non-suffered failure.Test anxiety had significant correlation with personality and significant events.Effective and practical psychological intervention should be taken to the special group of agricultural college students in mental health education.


The apparatus for separately storing a substance such as a medical or pharmaceutical active substance and a liquid and for mixing the same before use with a liquid containing the first container, a second container containing the substance, which has an openable bottom, so that the substance in the liquid passes, and with a device that is advanceable to exert a force on the bottom of the second container so that it is opened, is characterized in that the second container is a blister pack, which is mounted in or on the first container. So that the substance is sealed in a housing having a preferably flat bottom and a substantially cup-shaped or bubble-shaped upper chamber wall. For release of the substance of the planar bottom is broken open, the chamber wall is preferably turned inside out through the bottom.


We consider a wiretap channel with an eavesdropper (Eve) and an honest but curious relay (Ray). Ray and the destination (Bob) are full-duplex (FD) devices. In order to prevent Ray from getting information on the secret message, we consider the scaled compute-and-forward (SCF) where scaled lattice coding is used in the transmission by both the source (Alice) and Bob in order to allow Ray to decode only a linear combination of the two messages. At the same time Ray transmits artificial noise (AN) to confuse Eve. When Ray relays the decoded linear combination, Alice and Bob are transmitting AN against Eve. With respect to existing literature the innovations of this paper are: a) Bob and Ray are FD devices; b) Alice, Ray and Bob transmit also AN; and c) the channel to Eve is not known to Alice, Bob and Ray. For this scenario we derive bounds on both the secrecy outage probability and the achievable secrecy-outage rates.


THE "MEDICAL FOUNDATION" PATTERN for financing and delivery of medical care is advocated by many as a method of providing comprehensive physician services, with controls that promote both quality and economy. Organized initially in San Joaquin County, Calif.-in response to the "threat" of a prepaid group practice plan being launched in that county by the KaiserPermanente Health Plan-the San Joaquin Medical Society's Foundation for Medical Care aimed to demonstrate that, within the existing pattern of private medical practice and fee-for-service payment, comprehensive services could be offered through insurance at competitive premiums, so long as there was careful review of all the work done by participating physicians (1). This review would have the effect of eliminating or reducing payment for unjustified services, thereby achieving both economies and protection of medical care quality. It was also expected that


To find the prognostic factors of high grade glioma patients treated by postoperative radiotherapy. From 1979 through 1988, 79 patients with proven supratentorial high-grade astrocytoma completed external beam irradiation at Chang Chung Memorial Hospital following surgery, including by total removal (27 patients); subtotal removal (32 patients) or biopsy only (20 patients). Thirty-one patients and 48 (60.8%) patients had Kernohan grade Ⅲ tumors and Glioblastoma multiform, respectively. There were 56 male (70.9%) and 23 female patients. Median age at time of diagnosis was 40 years (range, 15 to 69 years). The patients were subject to univariate and multivariate analyses according to age, sex, Kernohan grading, extent of surgery, treatment modality, and irradiation dose. Overall 2-year survival was 15% and median survival was 46 weeks. Improved survival were much more likely in patients younger than 40 years (p=0.016), with Kernohan grade Ⅲ tumors (p=0.002), and those who underwent surgical excision (p=0.001). Multiple daily fractionation (30 patients) did not lengthen patient survival when compared with conventional radiotherapy (49 patients). For the 49 patients treated with conventional radiotherapy, the dose appeared to be associated with lengthened survival (p=0.037). Multivariate analysis using Cox's proportional hazard model for the 49 patients treated using conventional therapy showed Kernohan grade, extent of surgery, and irradiation dose were independent prognostic factors. Tumor pathological grade, extent of surgery and radiation dose were important prognostic factors in patients with high-grade astrocytoma. More extensive surgery and higher postoperative radiation dose lengthened the survival in patients with high-grade astrocytoma.


In recent years, increases in the urban fox population have been observed in many countries of the Northern Hemisphere. As a result, Echinococcus multilocularis has entered the urban environment. Because of a possible increased risk for alveolar echinococcosis, intervention strategies need to be evaluated. In Zürich, Switzerland, 50 praziquantel-containing baits per km2 were distributed monthly in six 1-km2 bait areas and one 6-km2 bait area from April 2000 through October 2001. The proportion of E. multilocularis coproantigen–positive fox fecal samples collected remained unchanged in six control areas but decreased significantly in the 1-km2 bait areas (from 38.6% to 5.5%) and in the 6-km2 bait area (from 66.7% to 1.8%). E. multilocularis prevalence in the intermediate host Arvicola terrestris also decreased significantly in baited areas. This controlled baiting study shows that a pronounced reduction of E. multilocularis egg contamination is feasible in urban areas where the organism is highly endemic.


Exploring the bulk-boundary correspondences and the boundary-induced phenomena in the strongly-correlated quantum systems belongs to the most fundamental topics of condensed matter physics. In this work, we study the bulk-boundary competition in a simulative Hamiltonian, with which the thermodynamic properties of the infinite-size translationally-invariant system can be optimally mimicked. The simulative Hamiltonian is constructed by introducing local interactions on the boundaries, coined as the entanglement-bath Hamiltonian (EBH) that is analogous to the heat bath. The terms within the EBH are variationally determined by a thermal tensor network method, with coefficients varying with the temperature of the infinite-size system. By treating the temperature as an adjustable hyper-parameter of the EBH, we identify a discontinuity point of the coefficients, dubbed as the 'boundary quench point' (BQP), whose physical implication is to distinguish the point, below which the thermal fluctuations from the boundaries to the bulk become insignificant. Fruitful phenomena are revealed when considering the simulative Hamiltonian, with the EBH featuring its own hyper-parameter, under the canonical ensembles at different temperatures. Specifically, a discontinuity in bulk entropy at the BQP is observed. The exotic entropic distribution, the relations between the symmetries of Hamiltonian and BQP, and the impacts from the entanglement-bath dimension are also explored. Our results show that such a singularity differs from those in the conventional thermodynamic phase transition points that normally fall into the Landau–Ginzburg paradigm. Our work provides the opportunities on exploring the exotic phenomena induced by the competition between the bulk and boundaries.