Effects of coadministration of gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) and L-741,741, a selective D4 dopamine receptor antagonist, on agonistic behaviour in male mice. In previous studies, it has been described a potentiation of the antiaggressive effect after coadministration of gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) and tiapride, indicating the exisence of an interaction between GHB and D2 dopamine receptors. The aim of this study was to examine the possible existence of an interaction between GHBergic and dopaminergic D4 systems. For this purpose, the effect of administration of gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB) and L-741,741 (0.75-3 mg/kg), a selective D4 dopamine antagonist, either alone or in combination, on agonistic behavior elicited by isolation was analized in male mice. Individually housed mice were exposed to anosmic "standard opponents" in a neutral area 30 minutes after the drugs administration, and the encounters were videotaped and evaluated using an ethologically based analysis. No significant differences were found between experimental and control groups in any of the behavioural categories analyzed. These results suggest that GHB does not interact with central dopamine D4 transmission.


ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere appreciation to my major adviser Dr. Charles McAllister for his insight, suggestions, encouragement, support and availability throughout the research investigation and preparation of thesis. I am especially thankful to Dr. Glenn Sumners for allowing me to expand on his previous risk management work and his suggestions and support during the research In addition, I would like to thank Dr. Thomas Ray for reviewing my work and serving on my committee. I would like to dedicate my thesis to my parents Tarak R. Shah and Dipti T. Shah and my younger sister Dhwani for their support and sacrifice throughout my life. I also thank my family, my fiancé Urvi and my friends Abhinandan and Devraj for their continuous encouragement and moral support.


Abstract In the present work, the methodology of the production of porous chitosan scaffolds with the participation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) by the electrolytic method has been presented. The electrolysis of 1% solution of chitosan in 1% acetic acid (containing HAp) has been conducted. In the process of electrolysis, chitosan acetate underwent reduction ( to NH2) and deposited on the cathode in the form of porous chitosan hydrogel containing different quantities of HAp. In order to improve antibacterial qualities, the scaffolds were covered with a 15 μm layer of nanosilver. The obtained chitosan structures were further subjected to lyophilisation. The aim of the research is to examine the influence of the conditions of the process on the rate of the scaffolds production as well as the morphology of the structures. Images (SEM) were taken in order to examine the surface structure of scaffolds, dispersion of HAp in the polymer matrix as well as the size of the nanosilver layer on the chitosan surface.


Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine individual differences in the susceptibility to pluralistic ignorance of avoidance among Japanese by measuring the value of social harmony.Design/methodology/approach – Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of a concern for social harmony on pluralistic ignorance of conflict avoidance among Japanese, hypothesizing that the pluralistic ignorance of avoidance will occur more frequently among those with a low regard for the value of social harmony than those with a high regard.Findings – Consistent with the hypothesis, pluralistic ignorance occurred only among Japanese participants with a low regard for the value of social harmony and not among those who valued it highly.Originality/value – These findings suggest that those who have a different stance from the cultural value feel a normative pressure by the biased perception of others' behavior due to pluralistic ignorance, which, as a result, works to preserve the predominant cultural value.


In Sir Thomas More the source of Scene two is Thomas Stapleton's Tres Thomae (Stapleton 59) . This work tells of an unnamed "old and grave man" (vir grauis et senex), a magistrate who in his carelessness has his purse stolen at More's direction. The magistrate's empty-headedness is the object of More's humor in Stapleton's work, as well as in the play. This shows More directing the thief Lifter to cut the magistrate's purse after he has scolded others for their negligence in having had theirs stolen. Stapleton's account can be traced to a single line in Thomas More's The Four Last Things of 1522, later printed in 1557, that reads, "I remember me of a thief at Newgate, that cut a purse at the bar when he knew he should be hanged on the morrow." (Rastell 53) (emphasis mine) The words vir gravis et senex are meant ironically. Stapleton's unnamed magistrate becomes Justice Suresby in Sir Thomas More.


Five types of data for the evaluation of group intervention are described and discussed. A model for using them in various combinations to: (a) evaluate contemporary practice, and (b) develop social technology is proposed. Two conclusions are: (a) single-subject designs can be used with groups, but grouped data designs do not have all of the shortcomings in group evaluation that they have in case evaluation. and (b) member satisfaction should be wed as an independent, not a dependent variable.


Most organizations are dealing with massive amounts of information collection and are stored in large databases. Personal health record (PHR) is an emerging patient-centered model of exchange of health information, often outsourced for third-party storage, such as cloud providers. There have been wide-ranging issues regarding privacy, however, as personal health data may be exposed to those third party servers and unauthorized parties. This work aims to highlight three of the popular strategies for clinical anonymization, namely k-anonymity, l-diversity, and t-closeness. There is also a summary of the benefits and weaknesses of these strategies. Extensive analytical and experimental findings are presented showing our proposed scheme's security, scalability and performance.


This article deals with the problem of influence of personal ethnic value orientations to modern provincial young people professional career planning. The authors prove the necessity of its decision under the conditions of the poliethnic and policultural Russian society. Pedagogical support is given like the main method of decision this problem. The content of term «pedagogical support» is analyzed in the article and its role in professional career planning is also described. The Schwartz S.H. value conception is described. The analysis of modern provincial young people value orientation and aggression by A. Assinger research results (Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University) is given too. The results of value experimental research of the modern Russian students are given in the article. The professional career planning dependence on personal ethnic value orientations of modern provincial young people is discovered.


Division of General Internal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, Alabama, USA Division of Nephrology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Section of Nephrology, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA


Sulphate, the fourth most abundant anion in human several considerations raise the possibility that certain plasma, is known to play an essential role in a variety of the skeletal abnormalities seen in vitamin D of biochemical processes [1]. The importance of deficiency could result from abnormal sulphate metasulphate has been demonstrated recently by the identibolism. First, a number of the pathological features fication of mutations in a sulphate transport protein seen in 1,25(OH)2D deficiency states are not easily (diastrophic dysplasia sulphate transporter; DTDST) explained solely by changes in calcium and phosphate in three different types of osteochondrodysplasia, diasmetabolism. Thus, although hypocalcaemia and hypotrophic dysplasia, type IB achodrongenesis and type II phosphataemia easily account for the impairment in atelosteogenesis [2–4]. In these osteochondrodysplasmineral deposition typical of rickets and osteomalacia ias, undersulphation of cartilage proteoglycans is asso[13], the disorganization of the chondrocyte columns ciated with abnormalities affecting the organization of seen in rachitic cartilage and the presence of abnorcollagen fibrils, the tinctorial properties of proteomalities in the maturation of chondrocytes [13,14] glycans and the number and morphology of chondroare more difficult to attribute to this mechanism. cytes. The severity of the phenotype appears to be Furthermore, changes in the physical properties of correlated with the predicted effect of the mutations proteoglycan aggregates in rachitic rat bone [15], and on the residual activity of the DTDST protein [4]. a reduction in sulphate fixation in the matrix of growth Despite their potential importance, sulphate levels are plate cartilage in vitamin D-deficient rats have also almost never measured in clinical practice, and little is been reported [16 ], findings that are consistent with known about the factors that regulate sulphate the presence of abnormalities of sulphate metabolism homeostasis in mammals. in 1,25(OH)2D deficiency. Finally, the intestine and The kidney plays a crucial role in maintaining kidney, two of the principal target organs for sulphate homeostasis. Sulphate is filtered freely at the 1,25(OH)2D action, are also known to represent the glomerulus and reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. two most important tissues implicated in the regulation Only 5–20% of the filtered load is excreted in urine. of extracellular concentrations of inorganic sulphate Tubular sulphate uptake from lumen to blood depends [5]. Nevertheless, no direct evidence for abnormalities on the activity of a sodium-coupled sulphate transport in the circulating levels of sulphate in vitamin (co-transport at the luminal membrane) [5]. Once D-deficient animals has been reported. sulphate has been accumulated within the tubular To explore the possibility that vitamin D status epithelial cell, its exit across the peritubular face of the regulates sulphate homeostasis, plasma sulphate levels, cell is mediated by anion exchange. Recently, two renal sulphate excretion and the expression of the renal sulphate transporters, a NaSi-1 co-transporter and a NaSi-1 and Sat-1 sulphate transporters were evaluated sulphate/oxalate–bicarbonate anion exchanger (Sat-1) in vitamin D-deficient (D−D−) rats and in D−D− rats have been identified [6–8] and implicated in this rendered normocalcaemic by either vitamin D or calphysiological process. The NaSi-1 co-transporter and cium/lactose supplementation [17]. D−D− rats had Sat-1 protein have been localized to the apical and significantly lower plasma sulphate levels than control basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule, respectanimals (0.93±0.01 and 1.15±0.05 mM, respectively, ively [9–11]. In addition to the proximal tubule, NaSi-1 P<0.05), and fractional sulphate renal excretion was co-transporter is expressed in the ileum [12], while ~3-fold higher comparing D−D− and control rats. A Sat-1 is also expressed in the liver [7]. These two decrease in renal cortical brush border membrane transporters are thought to be responsible for inorganic (BBM) NaSi-1 co-transport activity, associated with a sulphate entry into and exit from the proximal parallel decrease in both renal NaSi-1 co-transport tubular cells. protein and mRNA content (78±3% and 73±3% We have been interested in the possibility that vitdecreases, respectively, compared with control values), amin D status regulates sulphate metabolism. Indeed, was also observed in D−D− rats. The expression of Sat-1 (mRNA and protein) in the kidney and in the Correspondence and offprint requests to: Caroline Silve, INSERM U426, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France. liver, and of NaSi-1 (mRNA) in the ileum were not


In this paper we study general solutions and generalized Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stability of the following function equation . for , on non-Archimedean Banach spaces. It will be proved that this equation is equivalent to the so-called quadratic functional equation.


Water, the most essential part of our lives can act as an enabler and destroyer of life. The growing population prompts to an ever increasing demand of water consumption. In cities the water is supplied through an engineered water supply network. The water supply network is designed during the urban planning of a city considering the requirements of local population. The network is also designed to provide for the drainage of storm water during excessive downpour. Water supply management is included in the basic infrastructure of the city and considered as an essential part of civil engineering.


Simple Summary Anoikis is a programmed cell death process resulting from the loss of interaction between cells and the extracellular matrix. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome anoikis when tumor cells acquire metastatic potential. In lung cancer, the composition of the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion-related membrane proteins, cytoskeletal regulators, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition are involved in the process of anoikis, and the initiation of apoptosis signals is a critical step in anoikis. Inversely, activation of growth signals counteracts anoikis. This review summarizes the regulators of lung cancer-related anoikis and explores potential drug applications targeting anoikis. Abstract Tumor metastasis occurs in lung cancer, resulting in tumor progression and therapy failure. Anoikis is a mechanism of apoptosis that combats tumor metastasis; it inhibits the escape of tumor cells from the native extracellular matrix to other organs. Deciphering the regulators and mechanisms of anoikis in cancer metastasis is urgently needed to treat lung cancer. Several natural and synthetic products exhibit the pro-anoikis potential in lung cancer cells and in vivo models. These products include artonin E, imperatorin, oroxylin A, lupalbigenin, sulforaphane, renieramycin M, avicequinone B, and carbenoxolone. This review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of anoikis regulation and relevant regulators involved in lung cancer metastasis and discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting anoikis in the treatment of lung cancer metastasis.


Obstructive coronary artery disease (OCAD) is a significant predictor of adverse clinical events in asymptomatic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).


This study demonstrates a practical means to overcome inherent brittleness problem of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and make PLA feasible as packaging material. PLA with suitable processability is utterly required for package manufacturers, where flexible, tough PLA film is essential for packers and end users. Highly flexible PLA films with 60‐fold increase in elongation at break (Eb) over that of the neat PLA were successfully produced by integrating effective reactive blending and economical film blowing process. The 'two‐step' blending was used to prepare PLA compound; poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT – another biodegradable polymer) was first blended with 0.5–1% chain extender (epoxy‐functionalized styrene acrylic copolymer) (ESA), followed by subsequent blending with PLA in twin‐screw extruder. Blown films of reactive blend of PLA/PBAT/ESA (80/20/1) showed impressively high Eb of 250% versus a very low Eb of 4% for the neat PLA. Resulting blown films still possessed high modulus of 2 GPa, yield stress of 50–60 MPa and good toughness of ~100 MPa. Significant enhancement in the film's ductility was attributed to homogeneous blend with developed fine strand‐like structure as a result of effective in situ compatibilization and good interfacial adhesion between the PLA and PBAT. PLA/PBAT/ESA blend also offered improved processability. Resulting films had acceptable haze of ~10% for common packaging, and clearer film close to PLA (≤2%) could be obtained by designing PLA skin layers in multilayer structure. Films of PLA/PBAT/1%ESA exhibit potential as packaging material; their mechanical and optical properties are comparable with or even exceed some existing films used in the market. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Groundwater hydrology was monitoredfromOctoberthrough August inand arounda bottomland forest pond containing Lindera melissifolia, pondberry. The study site exhibited a series of low ancientdunes and depressions, withseasonal ponds in the depressions. Ponds showed no surface inlets or outlets. Shallowwellswere made and soil cores removedalong a transect fromthe top of one dune across the pond to a lowerdune. Piezometerswereinstalledin the wellsand groundwater levelsmonitored.Soilcore samples were analyzed to determineparticle size distributionat soil profilepositions selected during fieldanalysis. It was shown that a subsurfacehydrologic gradient exists between surrounding dune slopes and the pond bottom, delivering groundwater to the pond during the season whenprecipitation exceeds evapotranspiration. The hydrologic gradient was shownto be substrate-dependent.


In this paper, we propose a low-complexity multi-user communication system based on frequency index modulation that suits Internet of Things applications. This system aims to reduce the transmitted energy and the peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems and to perform without sacrificing data rate in comparison with conventional OFDM. In this design, OFDM-like signals are used to make the implementation of the system easy by the virtue of fast Fourier transform (FFT). In the proposed scheme, an OFDM bandwidth of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{\text {FIM}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> total sub carriers is divided into <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{B}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> equal number of sub-bands, with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> subcarriers in every sub-band. At the transmitter side of each sensor, the outgoing bit stream is divided into two blocks: mapped and modulated. The bits within the mapped block are used to activate the corresponding subcarrier in its predefined sub-band in order to carry the data content of the modulated block, while the other <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N-1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> subcarriers are nulled out. At the receiver, the FFT is performed first, and then the square-law envelope detector is applied to estimate the active frequency index to recover the mapped bits, followed by a conventional demodulation process to demodulate the transmitted bits. Once the system is presented and analyzed, energy efficiency, PAPR and complexity are studied to show the features of the proposed scheme. Moreover, we derive closed-form expressions of the bit error rate performance over Rayleigh fading channels and we validate the outcome by simulation results. With the characteristics exhibited in this paper, the proposed system would constitute an excellent candidate for wireless sensor applications where it represents a simpler substitution for frequency-hopping-based architectures, in which the hops carry extra bits.


Structural adhesives are gaining wide recognition by industry as they offer engineering designers greater flexibility to achieve economic and technical advantages. In the marine industry there are potential applications for adhesives in various types of construction, for example, thick steel and composite adherends, (typically 5–15 mm thick). The applications include panels and large pipes. This article is largely concerned with the use of two-part epoxy adhesives. The purpose of this article is to understand and evaluate the weaknesses of adhesives and adherends, in relation to specific applications and to use design and material selection to alleviate them. This understanding can be extended to other thick adherend applications. This article will also highlight the impact of structural epoxy adhesive technology on the design and fabrication of steel, composite, and hybrid constructions. The benefits and inherent limitations that can accrue are quantified through three case studies related to thick adherend connections.


PURPOSE: Cluster system, host node, calculation node and application execution method are provided to execute an application of a parallel computing programming model by connecting a host node and a calculation node to a network. CONSTITUTION: A host node (220) executes a host program for a parallel computing framework. A calculation node (240) with the host node is connected to a network. The calculation node executes a kernel program for the parallel computing framework. A host thread (221) executes a host program for a parallel computing framework. The host thread inserts a command related to a kernel program corresponding to a remote calculation module. A command scheduler (222) schedules the command queue and selects a command to be executed. The command scheduler generates a request message requesting execution of a command. [Reference numerals] (220) Host node; (240,AA) Calculation node; (241a,241b,241c,241d,BB,CC,DD,EE) Calculation module


We consider multiple ${\mathrm{TeV}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$-size extra compact dimensions in an asymmetric string compactification scenario in which the standard model (SM) gauge bosons can propagate into the ${\mathrm{TeV}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$-size extra dimensions while the SM fermions are confined to the usual SM ${\mathrm{D}}_{3}$-brane. We calculate the contributions that the Kaluza-Klein (KK) excitations of the gluons, ${g}^{*}$'s, make to the multijet cross sections in proton-proton collisions at the LHC energy. At very high ${p}_{T}$, the dijet signal will either be enhanced significantly due to virtual ${g}^{*}$ exchanges or place a lower bound on the compactification scale of about 8 TeV. We find that the dijet signal is very sensitive to three parameters\char22{}the compactification scale, the string scale, and the number of extra dimensions. Thus, although the dijet signal is much more sensitive to KK effects, the dijet signal alone does not provide sufficient information to deduce the number of extra dimensions nor the compactification scale. However, the three-jet signal, which is not sensitive to the string scale, can be analyzed in conjunction with the dijet signal to extract all three parameters. For proton-proton collisions at the LHC energy, the three-jet signal can be significantly enhanced by KK contributions for a compactification scale of about 4\char21{}5 TeV.


Energy demand, particularly electricity for many activities, increases in line with the growth of urban population. Nowadays, most of energy supply in urban area is still dominated by the fossil fuel sources. As the use of fossil fuel increases, so does the greenhouse gas emission closely linked to global warming effects. Moreover, population growth also implies on waste production resulted from industrial and domestic activities. This paper applies waste to energy concept by estimating potential renewable energy from the slaughterhouse waste in Bandung City, Indonesia. This study is aimed to predict the potential contribution of waste from cattle, consisting of blood, rumen and feces from the slaughterhouses for biogas production. This research applies direct observation technique, interview and literature review methods. The location of this research was at the public and private slaughterhouses in Ciroyom, Cirangrang, and Regol of the Bandung City. The results showed that biogas could be produced by 139,977 m3/year equivalent to 658 MWh/year of electricity production. To support the city's energy security, this potential energy source may contribute around 49.8% of the household electricity supply equivalent to 16.7% of the total electricity supply in Bandung City. This finding could be beneficial to the larger pilot study concerning the sustainable city program.


When an ac voltage stress is applied to a ZnO varistor in the pre-breakdown region, a through current (leak-age) constantly flows through the device. This current consists of a resistive component and a capacitive component, the magnitude of the latter being several times greater than that of the former. In spite of this relatively lower value of IR, it is the key parameter responsible for Joule heating of the device. The value of IR is greatly enhanced by external factors such as applied voltage, ambient temperature and duration time of the applied voltage.


The ribosome is a protein synthesizing machinery and a ribonucleoprotein complex that consists of three ribosomal RNAs (23S, 16S and 5S) and 54 ribosomal proteins in bacteria. In the course of ribosome assembly, ribosomal proteins (r-protein) and rRNAs are modified, the r-proteins bind to rRNAs to form ribonucleoprotein complexes which are folded into mature ribosomal subunits. In this process, a number of non-ribosomal trans-acting factors organize the assembly process of the components. Those factors include GTP- and ATP-binding proteins, rRNA and r-protein modification enzymes, chaperones, and RNA helicases. During ribosome biogenesis, they participate in the modifications of ribosomal proteins and RNAs, and the assemblies of ribosomal proteins with rRNAs. Ribosomes can be assembled from a discrete set of components in vitro, and it is notable that in vivo ribosome assembly is much faster than in vitro ribosome assembly. This suggests that non-ribosomal ribosome assembly factors help to overcome several kinetic traps in ribosome biogenesis process. In spite of accumulation of genetic, structural, and biochemical data, not only the entire procedure of bacterial ribosome synthesis but also most of roles of ribosome assembly factors remain elusive. Here, we review ribosome assembly factors involved in the ribosome maturation of Escherichia coli, and summarize the contributions of several ribosome assembly factors which associate with 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits, respectively.


Health is wealth, goes the adage. The message is clear: those who are healthy are likely to earn more. Is this old adage still applicable in Australia today? Are people with better health able to earn more than their peers with poorer health? How big is the gap? This 23rd issue of the AMP.NATSEM Income and Wealth Report series examines how health underpins the employment and earnings of working-age Australians.


An attempt was made to know the genetic merits of chickpea genotypes based on linear combination of yield components tested in six environments, created by adjusting the moisture availability in three subsequent years for seed yield and drought tolerance index. The estimates of varietal indices varied from genotype to genotype in different environments. Pusa 362 and Ieee 4958 in rainfed condition and Pusa 256 and JG 130 in irrigated conditions appeared as promising genotypes for seed yield. Similarly, ICCC 4958, KPG59, Pusa 362 and JG 130 appeared as promising donor for drought tolerance index based on genetic merits of yield factors in chickpea.


The Rudolph Matas Library of the Health Sciences, Tulane University, created this guide to authoritative information resources to support the array of COVID 2019 investigators at schools of public health, medicine and primate research centers.


African cities today are confronted with the problem of rapid urbanisation, poverty and land use abuse. Yaounde, the political capital of Cameroon is a victim of this situation. Faced with population growth, competition, pressure and high cost of land in the heart of the city, populations involved in informal services for survival have been displaced by the Yaounde city council and ministry of Housing and Urban Development responsible for urban planning. These victims, many of whom are poor and vulnerable, have occupied marginal and suburban areas, some of which are risk prone environments. Mbankolo, Febe, Carrier, Nkolbisson and Messa areas amongst other in the north west of Yaounde are victims of this spontaneous land occupation characterised by urban front development. The victims comprising poor urban dwellers are dominated by migrants from western Cameroon and other regions of the country that have resisted returning to their place of origin. Urban disorder and land use abuse marked by uncontrolled deforestation, wetland occupation and soil degradation for settlement, agriculture and commerce is high in the newly occupied zones necessitating research and measures to pre-empt future disaster in this area. Faced with the volume of data to handle, this work exploits Geographic Information System techniques to map out this phenomenon in Cameroon for decision-making. The data exploited are sourced from field observations and surveys, analysis of remotely sensed data (satellite images of different periods, GPS data) and consultation of administrative and scientific documents (topographic maps, articles and reports) published on the area of research.


The number of scientific procedures carried out on animals in England, Scotland, and Wales rose slightly last year to about 2.66 million, an increase of 0.9% over 1997. With the exception of the 1997 total, the latest figure represents the lowest number of animal procedures since 1955, according to Home Office figures.

Mice, rats, and other rodents were used in 80% of all procedures. Some 73% of …


................................................................................................................................ III LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... VII LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... IX CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 1 Theory: ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Discussion of Hypotheses .............................................................................................................................. 7 Summary of Hypotheses ............................................................................................................................. 20 Outline of Dissertation ................................................................................................................................ 21 CHAPTER 2: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 23 Introduction: ................................................................................................................................................ 23 Research Design: ......................................................................................................................................... 23 Measuring Arm Trade: ............................................................................................................................... 25 Independent Variables ................................................................................................................................ 30 Missing Data ................................................................................................................................................ 36 Results .......................................................................................................................................................... 39 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................................... 50 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 52 CHAPTER 3: THE END OF THE COLD WAR, ARMS TRADE, AND ALLIANCE REORIENTATION IN EASTERN EUROPE .......................................................................... 54 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 54 Case Selection .............................................................................................................................................. 57 Poland ........................................................................................................................................................... 64


Electric resistivity and seismic refraction methods of geophysics are used to investigate for environmental, engineering and different geological problems. These methods are also referenced as the primary survey methods in landslide survey


Many lessons have been learned since agricultural mechanization was first introduced and adopted across many regions. The Philippines can apply and learn from the drawbacks and achievements in other countries in its efforts to devise and implement a sustainable agricultural development strategy for the future. Such a strategy can enhance and improve development outcomes and sustainability, support further development of agro-industries, and increase scientific and technological innovation and capabilities, while pursuing coordinated urban and rural economic development. This paper focuses on and analyzes mechanization strategies and case studies in postharvest and mechanization that have been carried out over several decades to address differing conditions in countries and their policies towards their rice mechanization systems. As such, the emphasis is on the technologies, policies, practices, strategies, and models that relate to different parts of mechanization systems within specific regions. However, while many mechanization drivers and needs differ from one place to another, a wide range of mechanization elements can be transferred to suit local aspects and conditions in new locations. Furthermore, success stories can help in conceptualizing time and decision-making needs, and can also avoid the drawbacks that have appeared in some countries' mechanization systems, with the goal of leading to faster and more adequate adaptation of different technologies and policies in various implementation stages.


Recently, there has been considerable interest in the study of the superparticle (superstring) theories due to Siegel [1–7]. The first formulation of such a kind (the AB–model) can be viewed as the conventional superparticle [8] with only first–class constraints retained [9]. The second modification (the ABC–superparticle) appears if one tries to close the algebra of the quantum A,B–constraint operators in the presence of external super Yang–Mills [10]. The third reformulation (the ABCD–, or "first–ilk"–superparticle) originated from the attempt to cure problems intrinsic in the BRST quantized ABC–model [11,2]. Having advantage of being free of problematic second–class constraints, the last two theories were proven to be physically equivalent to the conventional superparticle [12], thus suggesting an interesting alternative to attack the covariant quantization problem intrinsic in the original superparticle.


Intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) own anthropomorphic features which enable users' perception of anthropomorphism. Adopting the perspective of mind-based anthropomorphism, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how mind-based anthropomorphism influences users' exploratory usage of IPAs. Based on the notion that anthropomorphism can satisfy people's sociality and effectance motivation, we hypothesize that mind-based anthropomorphism can enhance people's social connection with IPAs and IPA self-efficacy, which can in turn influence their exploratory usage of IPAs. Questionnaires were developed and distributed to users who had experience in smart speaker-based IPAs on Wenjuanxing and 551 valid questionnaires were collected to test the research model. The results revealed that cognitive and affective anthropomorphism exerted common and differential impacts on IPA self-efficacy and social connection. Cognitive anthropomorphism versus affective anthropomorphism had stronger influences on IPA self-efficacy, while affective anthropomorphism had stronger impacts on social connection. Both IPA self-efficacy and social connection enhanced users' intentions to explore IPAs. This study enriches previous studies on IPA adoption or post-adoption by investigating exploratory usage which captures how users are deeply engaged with IPAs.


Introduction: Although the mania as a side effect of antibiotics is rare, and the literature is reduced to a limited number of cases. Frequent use of antibiotics leads to a rise in the incidence of clinical cases, it seems crucial to draw attention to their recognition and treatment. Objective: We report the case of a patient of 19 years without personal risk factors or family. Who is in pulmonary tuberculosis treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis, he starts with psychotic and maniforme symptoms requiring hospital admission, fulfilling diagnostic criteria for manic episode with psychotic symptoms incongruent with mood state (WHO F 30.2) Material and Methods: We describe the clinical course in which after hospital admission, the introduction of valproate acid and the suspension of tuberculosis treatment is achieved euthymia, maintained for one year after discharge. Discussion: In this case report we want to draw the attention of clinicians regarding the occurrence of manic symptoms with antimicrobial treatment. We add a literature review of all publications of mania induced by antibiotics in the last ten years. Conclusion: We conclude that mania is a rare side effect in the use of antimicrobials but given the high frequency of prescribing this class of drugs is very important that clinicians are familiar with their diagnosis and treatment.


This paper presents findings of a study that examined the effect of school organization on teachers' attitudes toward their work environments. The study compared the attitudes of teachers who work in schools with an interdisciplinary team organization (ITO) with those of teachers who work in schools with a traditional departmental organization (DEP) structure. Data were collected through: (1) a survey of 47 teachers from 2 ITO middle schools and 31 teachers from 2 DEP junior high schools, and (2) interviews with a random sample of 10 percent of the teachers in each school. ITO teachers expressed more positive attitudes toward their cllleagues and described their principals as more effective goal-setters than did their DEP counterparts. ITO teachers reported that they experienced less isolation and increased collaboration, but viewed their input into the school decision-making processes as inconsistent. In addition, school organization did not significantly affect teachers' attitudes toward work, beliefs about professional life, or involvement in their school's decision-making process. The recommendation is made to provide teachers with more input into decisions that affect their work. Four tables are included. Contains 42 ;references. (LMI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** School Organization Structure Impact on Teachers' Attitudes Toward Their Work Environment: Interdisciplinary Team Organization Versus Departmental Organization


Public policy decisions taken over the last few decades give a strong impression that politicians, perhaps understandably, have been loath to adopt measures which run counter to what they believe people want. That is so even where this preference can be seen to be largely or totally inspired by the public's limited appreciation of the longer-term consequences of the decisions. This is particularly evident in the transport sector where the social, environmental and ecological damage can be considerable. This paper attempts to highlight a disturbing instance of this, where the incompatibility of policies catering for growth in this sector and those intended to deliver a sufficiently adequate response to the prospect of climate change from excessive use of fossil fuels is obvious.


In this paper we proposed a efficient algorithm based on hierarchical clustering,this algorithm include hierarchical clustering algorithm,energy-distance algorithm.We propose to solve two problems:(1) how to send data from sensor node to sink node;(2) how to implement hierarchical clustering algorithm to produce super sensor nodes.Visit frequency to unrelated nodes is decreased.Both improve query efficiency and the network lifetime.


With the development of the Internet and big data, more and more consumer behavior data are used in different forecasting problems, which greatly improve the performance of prediction. As the main travel tool, the sales of automobiles will change with the variations of the market and the external environment. Accurate prediction of automobile sales can not only help the dealers adjust their marketing plans dynamically but can also help the economy and the transportation sector make policy decisions. The automobile is a product with high value and high involvement, and its purchase decision can be affected by its own attributes, economy, policy and other factors. Furthermore, the sample data have the characteristics of various sources, great complexity and large volatility. Therefore, this paper uses the Support Vector Regression (SVR) model, which has global optimization, a simple structure, and strong generalization abilities and is suitable for multi-dimensional, small sample data to predict the monthly sales of automobiles. In addition, the parameters are optimized by the Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) algorithm to improve the prediction accuracy. First, the grey correlation analysis method is used to analyze and determine the factors that affect automobile sales. Second, it is used to build the GWO-SVR automobile sales prediction model. Third, the experimental analysis is carried out by using the data from Suteng and Kaluola in the Chinese car segment, and the proposed model is compared with the other four commonly used methods. The results show that the GWO-SVR model has the best performance of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE). Finally, some management implications are put forward for reference.


An object of the present invention is to provide an excellent drug delivery system to the safety post. Injection according to the present invention is a subconjunctival injections to make as containing fine particles that contain a drug, available drug after implementation of the safety. By administering the fine particles containing the drug which under the conjunctiva, less disturbance of the eye tissue, and thus it is possible to service after a safety (retina, choroid, optic nerve, and so on) the drug effectively. Fine particles is formed of a synthetic biodegradable polymer, with an average particle size of 50 ㎚~150 ㎛, it is preferable that the drug is uniformly dispersed in fine particles. Suitable drugs are anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressive agents, antiviral agents, anticancer agent, angiogenesis inhibitor, an optic nerve protective agent, antibacterial agent or antifungal agent.


The gliding arc discharge combined with a catalytic bed was applied for destroying gas phase hexane decomposition.The effects of initial hexane concentration,element of catalyst and the flow flux were studied.It was found the effect of alveolate catalyst was better than that of the pellet catalyst in the whole decomposition system.The removal efficiency of hexane can get the highest level whereas the consumption of energy was the minimum when alveolate Al2O3 was filled in the catalytic bed.The decomposition rate reduced with the initial hexane concentration and its flux,no matter which was filled in the catalytic bed.


Introduction: Worldwide, cancer has become a public health problem and one of the leading causes of death. Gastric cancer develops in stomach and may spread to other parts of the body, particularly the liver, lungs, bones, lining of the abdomen and lymph nodes. Kashmir is a high prevalence zone of stomach cancer. Incidence of gastric cancer in Kashmir has been reported to exceed 40% of all cancers and the incidence is 3 to 6 times higher than that at various metropolis cancer registries in India. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess the serum lipid levels of the gastric cancer patients in Kashmir. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry Govt. Medical College, Srinagar on sixty patients diagnosed with gastric carcinoma and admitted in Shri. Maharaja Hari Singh Hospital. Venous blood samples were collected in green top tubes and were transported to the laboratory and the samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and serum was separated for the estimation of Lipid profile. Each sample was processed on the same day of its collection and was analyzed for total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol. Results: The mean total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDLCholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol levels were found to be 157.14 mg/dl, 136.85 mg/dl, 38.96 mg/dl and 91.52 mg/dl respectively. The level of total cholesterol ranged from 90 to 212 mg/dl while the level of triglyceride ranges between 77 to 291 mg/dl and that of HDL-Cholesterol from 28 to 70mg/dl and LDL-Cholesterol from 35-140 mg/dl. Conclusion: The serum triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels fall in the normal reference range in gastric cancer patients while the mean HDL-cholesterol level is slightly lower than the normal reference range.


Processing and calculation of production costs become a thing to watch,
especially when the database calculations is less have a good level of security, so
it can be changed at any time without the knowledge of the competent employees.
The use of production files and salaries are still split into two files are considered
less effective in its use.
This study aims to establish an information system that supports
automated calculation of cost of production (COP) and integrated employee"s
payroll, which can be connected between the division, including division of
Production, Financial"s Admin and Human Capital. The use of methods
Prototyping is a solution for the development of a good system, which according
to end user system requirements.
From testing the system on a number of respondents indicated that 87.5%
agree the system has been able to help Deepublish Educational Book Publishers in
the calculation of total pay include salary calculation based on relevant criteria
and the calculation of production costs which include processing production time,
cost each production process and the minimum selling price.

Keywords : Information System, Cost of Production, Prototyping


Atlesencbytraeus huril sp. n. is described from a small spring entering Lake Kuril'skoe, southern Kam6atka Peninsula. It is characterised by smal1 body dimensions, the presence of septal glands at 3!4-5/6, by short spermathecae uniting before the connection with the oesophagus and equipped with simple, sperm-fi11ed diverticula, and by simple sperrn ducts and penial bulbs.


Experiment with tomato as the experimental material,effect of organic soil and common soil on tomato form and root changes was studied.The results showed that,under the conditions of organic soils,tomato leaf area,plant height,root length was significantly greater than that of ordinary conditions,in addition to phloem thickness greater than normal soil cultivation,the xylem and kind,catheters and catheter-density was less than that of cultivated tomato under ordinary soil.


The invention concerns a device for providing a synchronized drive to several spindles in a combing machine with several individual electric drives whose position and rotational-speed control signals are supplied by an electronic control unit through power converters. The aim of the invention is to provide several drives, subject to high dynamic loads, in which the forces due to acceleration are coordinated. This is achieved by designing the drive device with a first drive motor (10), having an actual-position sensor, for the driven assembly (1) which is intended for operation under high dynamic loads and has a torque curve characteristic of the machine. In addition, a drive motor (20, 30, 40) is associated with each of a first group of additional driven assemblies (2, 3, 4) of the combing machine, the motors being fitted with field-oriented control which assigns target position-control values, derived from the actual-position signals from the first drive motor (10), to each drive motor (2, 3, 4), the rotational speed of the first drive motor (10) being adjustable as a function of position-dependent torque values.


Allyship is increasingly viewed as a crucial practice to address social and economic inequities faced by marginalized groups. However, little research explores how dominant group members can behave as allies and what marginalized group individuals consider as valuable. Research shows that women faculty in male-dominated academic disciplines regularly experience gendered microaggressions and sexism. In this study, using qualitative narratives from 202 female and male faculty in male-dominated academic departments, we explore women's experiences as recipients of allyship, and men's experiences engaging in allyship. Further, we compare narratives about and from men considered 'good colleagues' versus 'exceptional allies.' The findings reveal that good colleagues engage in an array of interpersonally supportive allyship behaviors (e.g., active listening). In contrast, exceptional allies go beyond them by undertaking consequential and conspicuous actions on behalf of women (e.g., impression promotion), a set of behaviors we term as visible advocacy. These have the potential to not only bolster women but also shift institutional culture. By exploring the range of allyship behaviors engaged in by men and viewed by women as valuable, we highlight implications for literature on gender equity and allyship. This study carries practical implications for men who desire to become better allies to women.


Three kinds of microstructural finite element (FE) models are constructed based on the fracture surfaces with different level of porosities. The tensile and shear loadings are applied on three kinds of FE models. The fracture criterion used in the present FE analysis is the ductile fracture locus formulated in the space of the stress triaxiality and the plastic strain to fracture. Based on the FE simulation results, a linear relationship between the material ductility and the area fraction of the defects is tentatively constructed. It is found that the shear ductility decreases at a slightly faster rate than the tensile ductility with the increasing area fraction of the defects. Finally, the effective plastic strain as a function of the stress triaxiality up to fracture at the crack initiation point is compared for three kinds of microstructural FE models under tensile and shear loadings. As a result, it appears that the increase of the area fraction of the defects enhances the evolution of the local stress triaxiality under both shear and tensile loadings. In addition, the local stress triaxiality at the crack initiation point changes in the smaller range under shear loading than under tensile loading. It is found that the difference of the evolution of the local plastic strain and local stress triaxiality should lead the different sensitivity of the shear and tensile ductility to the area fraction of the defects.


Mature cystic teratoma (MCT) is the most common tumour of the ovary and includes at least two well-differentiated germ cell layers. The incidence is higher in reproductive age group and rarely among postmenopausal age women. It is benign condition however associated with multiple complication such as torsion, ruptured and chemical peritonitis. As it is rare among postmenopausal age group, it can be presented as chronic ovarian mass with expected complication and possibility of malignant transformation. Thorough assessment with adjunct of radiological imaging may assist in diagnosis and further management. Radiological imaging modalities were sensitive and sensitive in diagnosis of MCT however there were low specificity in detection of complication. Management of MCT in postmenopausal women mandate thorough evaluation considering the risk of malignant transformation and associated complications.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 21 No. 04 October'22 Page : 918-921


We report for the first time the passive mode-locking of single section Fabry-Perot (FP) lasers based on InAs quantum dots grown on (113)B InP substrate. Devices under study are a 1 and 2 mm long laser diodes emitting around 1.58 μm. Self-starting pulses with repetition rates around 39 and 23 GHz and pulse widths down to 1.5 ps are observed after propagation through a suitable length of single-mode fiber for intracavity dispersion compensation.


A multi-modal framework for emotion recognition using bag-of-words features and undirected, replicated softmax topic models is proposed here. Topic models ignore the temporal information between features, allowing them to capture the complex structure without a brute-force collection of statistics. Experiments are performed over face, speech and language features extracted from the USC IEMOCAP database. Performance on facial features yields an unweighted average recall of 60.71%, a relative improvement of 8.89% over state-of-the-art approaches. A comparable performance is achieved when considering only speech (57.39%) or a fusion of speech and face information (66.05%). Individually, each source is shown to be strong at recognizing either sadness (speech) or happiness (face) or neutral (language) emotions, while, a multi-modal fusion retains these properties and improves the accuracy to 68.92%. Implementation time for each source and their combination is provided. Results show that a turn of 1 second duration can be classified in approximately 666.65ms, thus making this method highly amenable for real-time implementation.


All pharmacy residency programs, whether postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) or 2 (PGY2), share one thing in common: they have one individual in charge of the program, the residency program director (RPD). Obtaining the position is an honor; however, the roles and responsibilities of an RPD are numerous. In


The crystallisation of calcium carbonate has been studied extensively throughout the last decades, not least owing to its high abundance in nature and its importance for many industrial processes. Calcium carbonate can exist in three anhydrous crystalline forms, among which calcite is the thermodynamically stable polymorph, aragonite and vaterite being metastable. Amorphous phases of CaCO3 (ACC) are furthermore well-known, especially as precursor species in the course of crystallisation. Based on this rich polymorphism, CaCO3 crystallisation usually proceeds via a multi-step pathway, involving a series of increasingly stable intermediate stages that transform into one another through dissolution-renucleation processes. Under ambient conditions, the phase sequence ACC→Vaterite→Calcite has often been reported, though additional earlier transient species were also identified.


The invention relates to a method for regulating a laser cutting process, comprising the steps: laser cutting a workpiece by means of a focused laser beam, forming a cutting gap on the workpiece; detecting the laser power of laser radiation reflected back during the laser cutting of the surface of the workpiece adjacent to the cutting gap; and regulating the detected laser power (PL,R) to a target value (PL,R,SOLL) at which the laser power (PL,R) takes on a minimum value (PL,R,MIN) or has a predetermined difference (DeltaPL,R) from the minimum value (PL,R,MIN). The invention also relates to a laser cutting machine that is designed to perform said method.


Plio-Pleistocene synorogenic deposits of the Upper Siwalik Group in the Shinghar Range (Trans-Indus Salt Ranges) of north-western Pakistan record the transition from foreland-basin to piggyback-basin deposition on the hangingwall of the Salt Range thrust. The Siwalik and Upper Siwalik Groups are over 4 km thick in the Shinghar Range. The lower 3 km consists of the Miocene Siwalik Group, which was deposited by a south-flowing foreland trunk stream, the palaeo-Indus River. The upper 1·5 km consists of the Upper Siwalik Group, which is herein divided into three members. The lowest member includes deposits of the south-flowing palaeo-Indus River and is distinguished from the underlying Siwalik Group by the first appearance of conglomerate. The transition from the lower member to the middle member is interpreted as recording uplift on the Salt Range thrust. As the Salt Range thrust was active, the palaeo-Indus River was bifurcated to the east and west around the embryonic Shinghar Range and overbank and lacustrine deposition occurred, represented by the middle member. When the Shinghar Range achieved significant topography, the upper member was deposited by streams transporting gravel and sand that flowed north and west out of the range and into a piggyback basin that formed on the hangingwall of the Salt Range thrust. New and previously published palaeomagnetic stratigraphy and fission-track ages from volcaniclastic deposits within the Upper Siwalik Group provide tight constraints on the chronology of sedimentary-facies transitions and timing of uplift of the Shinghar Range. The integration of sedimentological and geochronological data indicates that motion on the Salt Range thrust and repositioning of the Indus River began at ∼1·0 Ma.


agonizing over whether an ambiguous spot is a tumor. A parole board weighs the release of a potentially violent criminal. A technician at an airport worries over a set of ultrasound readings: do they suggest a deadly crack in an airplane's wing? All these people are grappling with diagnostic decisions. In spite of incomplete or ambiguous evidence, they must determine whether or not a certain condition exists (or will occur). Such problems abound in health care, public safety, business, environment, justice, education, manufacturing, information processing, the military and government. And the stakes can be high. In many cases, a wrong verdict means that people will die. Perhaps surprisingly, the diagnostic decision-making process turns out to be essentially the same across fields. Hence, methods that improve the process in one industry can usually serve in others. At least two such methods are already available. Sadly, though, they remain unknown or unused in many realms. One increases accuracy, enhancing the odds that any given decision will be the correct one. The other improves the "utility" of a decision-making approach, ensuring that the number of true cases found does not come at the cost of an unreasonable number of false positive diagnoses ("false alarms"). These methods are statistical, but math phobics have nothing to fear; the basic logic is easy to grasp. No one is saying that diagnosticians Math-based aids for making decisions in medicine and industry could improve many diagnoses—often saving lives in the process Better DECISIONS through SCIENCE


Significance The cellular functions of epithelia rely on their polarized architecture. Loss of their polarity is often associated with carcinoma progression and tumor metastasis. The basement membrane (BM), a specialized sheet of the extracellular matrix, secreted basally by most epithelia, plays an important role in the establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity. However, the process of BM-polarized secretion is not well understood. In this study, we show that a significant decrease of the phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) results in BM protein secretion on both the apical and the basal side of the epithelium. Together, our data indicate a specific role for PIP2 in the organization of epithelial architecture by restricting the deposition of BM proteins to the basal side. The basement membrane (BM), a specialized sheet of the extracellular matrix contacting the basal side of epithelial tissues, plays an important role in the control of the polarized structure of epithelial cells. However, little is known about how BM proteins themselves achieve a polarized distribution. Here, we identify phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) as a critical regulator of the polarized secretion of BM proteins. A decrease of PIP2 levels, in particular through mutations in Phosphatidylinositol synthase (Pis) and other members of the phosphoinositide pathway, leads to the aberrant accumulation of BM components at the apical side of the cell without primarily affecting the distribution of apical and basolateral polarity proteins. In addition, PIP2 controls the apical and lateral localization of Crag (Calmodulin-binding protein related to a Rab3 GDP/GTP exchange protein), a factor specifically required to prevent aberrant apical secretion of BM. We propose that PIP2, through the control of Crag's subcellular localization, restricts the secretion of BM proteins to the basal side.


The deteriorated forests and their features in Huangguoshu Scenic Spot are elaborated. On the basis of forest and site factors, the deteriorated forests in this region are divided into five types: low yield economic forest, deteriorated deciduous broadleaf forest, deteriorated evergreen theropencedrymion, deteriorated arbuscle, deteriorated bush in limestone. The last type can be divided into closed forestland facilitating forestation and vegetation recovery on difficult sites. Management measures to improve deteriorated forests include hillside closure, filling and improving, forestation and forestry diversification. Taking into consideration the conditions of the region's environment, society and economics, these management measures are put forward with proposals for ecosystem construction based on ecology, production and sustainability in Huangguoshu Scenic Spot and karst regions generally.


Pastures are very important for agriculture since the main feeding source of the enormous cattle herd in the world is through forage. Pastures comprise plants from several genera of grasses and legumes. In terms of physical variety, ecology, and economic significance, the Poaceae is among the most significant families of Angiosperms. Regarding stress tolerance, species within this family exhibit a very wide range of variation. In recent years, the importance of using molecular markers in phylogenetic analyses of numerous organisms has increased. The development of genomic technologies and infrastructure has progressed sufficiently for their use in marker- aided selection (MAS) to be studied in several important perennial fodder species. Differences can be directly attributed to minor variations in the genetic code such as phenotype, single sequence repeats (SSRs), and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Therefore, breeders can benefit greatly from the development and characterization of new genetic markers. Here in this paper, a brief analysis of some international studies on some minor Poacea forages is given.


Some degree of wandering in the final host is characteristic of many parasitic nematode species. With Ancylostoita caninumr, the dog hookworm, which is a skin penetrator, Otto and Kerr (1939), for instance, have used subcutaneously injected larvae as standard experimental procedure to establish intestinal infections. Haemonchits contortus does not infect by penetrating the skin, but Ransom and Foster (1920) reported: "The senior writer has observed the larvae of Haenionchus contortus (stomach worm of ruminants) in the lung of a guinea pig killed 48 hours after it had been fed a culture of the larvae, which indicates that they are able to migrate from the alimentary tract to the lungs and perhaps do so normally in their life cycle in their usual hosts, sheep, cattle, etc." Ransom seems not to have adduced any further observations on this possibility, although Chandler, Alicata and Chitwood (1941) evidently refer to Ransom and Foster (loc. cit.) when they mention concerning Hacilonchuts contortus: "Although there is no evidence that the worms perform a parenteral migration in sheep, Ransom (1920) showed that they do migrate to the lungs of guinea pigs." Attempts made by the writer to confirm such an observation by administering larvae by mouth to rats, guinea pigs and rabbits have uniformly failed. Recently, in the course of other experiments on sheep, the demonstration that Haemonchus is not a wandering form seems adequately proved. The potential bearing of this fact on explanations regarding the immunization of sheep against this form renders the observations of interest beyond the range of life history knowledge.


Spermatozoa are highly specialized cells whose fertilizing and motility functions highly depend on intracellular Ca2+‐mediated events and protein posttranslational modifications like phosphorylation. Our group previously identified PPEF1, the Ser/Thr phosphatase with EF‐hand domain 1, among calmodulin‐affinity pulled down sperm proteins. As the mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila phosphatase rdgC that dephosphorylates rhodopsin, PPEF1 has been studied mostly in the retina. The presence and importance of this Ca2+/calmodulin‐binding protein phosphatase has not been studied in sperm or testicular functions despite its high expression level. In this study, we show that PPEF1 is present in testicular germ cells, and in mouse, human and bull spermatozoa where it is localized predominantly in the neck and acrosome areas. Different transcript variants encoding four predicted isoforms were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in bull testis, spermatocytes and spermatids. Phosphatase activity of immunoprecipitated sperm PPEF1 was detected using the substrate pNPP and analysis of the coimmunoprecipitated proteins reveal an enrichment in the biological processes of sperm capacitation, binding to the zona pellucida and motility. Although this is the first demonstration of the presence of PPEF1 in sperm and testicular germ cells, its involvement in sperm fertilizing ability and motility, and the mechanisms regulating its activity remain to be further investigated.


This paper proposes a multi-resonant DC-DC converter based on switched capacitor pre-buck. The converter can realize soft switching in the full load range and has good voltage gain characteristics. In order to effectively reduce the voltage stress on the device, the front stage of the converter adopts a stacked structure of switched capacitors. This structure realizes the function of high step-down ratio by pre-stepping the bus voltage. After reasonable parameter design and frequency matching, the third harmonic is superimposed on the high-order resonant link of the latter stage during the energy transmission process. This will significantly reduce the loss of the secondary side rectifier diode and increase the efficiency. This paper introduces the working principle of the converter, proposes a five-element parameter design scheme, and analyzes the parameter dispersion to assist the parameter design scheme to make it more reasonable, and finally conducts experimental verification. A 100 W prototype with 400 V input and 12 V output was built in the laboratory to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis.


Objectives: To compare the effects of inpatient enhanced multidisciplinary care (EMC) and multidisciplinary rehabilitation (MR) on the symptoms and quality of life (QOL) of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and to clarify the relation between reduction in symptoms and the improved QOL. Methods: This study was a quasi-randomized controlled (alternate allocation), assessor-blinded, single-center study. We recruited 80 patients with idiopathic Parkinson disease, Hoehn and Yahr stage 2 to 4, on stable medication. Patients were included in an EMC or MR group. Both rehabilitation programs were performed for 8 weeks (17 h/wk). Main outcome measures were Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire-39 and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Results: The EMC induced significant improvements in QOL compared to MR. We found that body axis symptoms (rising from a chair, posture, postural stability, falling, and walking) as well as nonmotor symptoms (depression) in patients with PD were relieved by the inpatient EMC. Conclusions: Enhanced multidisciplinary care for patients with PD appears to be effective in improving the QOL. The improvement in motor and nonmotor symptoms, including depression, may contribute to the improved QOL.


A simple gedanken experiment was proposed that imagines an observer shrinking down and entering the inner space of the atom. This led to five postulates which was justified mathematically using a quantum potential-modified spacetime structure within the atom. The new spacetime structure demonstrated that space was expanded within the atom, time was slowed down and inertial mass was increased. The paper also demonstrated that the uncertainty principle may have its origins in the modification of spacetime within the atom. Application of general relativity to the intraatomic space showed that charge emerges in a natural way from the changes in the spacetime structure. Within the atom, the term 8πG could be replaced with


The phrase 'outside the worthless commodity' is actually Schopenhauer's, a phrase that Theodor Adorno used in his In Search of Wagner. Marx had his own rendering of the critique of the commodity, in fact a revolutionary critique of the commodity which was not 'outside the worthless commodity', but in 'confronting the worthless commodity', a confrontation that begins with his celebrated Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 and then which went to the Grundrisse, the three volumes of Capital, the three parts of Theories of Surplus Value and Notes on Adolf Wagner. Marx discovered a new site that lay beyond the commodity principle which he christened 'a community of free individuals'. Two hundred years after Marx's birth we remember him as the seeker of these free individuals. We also remember him as the trenchant critique of all class societies, nationalism and of human alienation in general. However, we also remember him as the one who wrote the dirge of Stalinism well before Stalin was born, the elegy of the myth of 'socialism in one country' and mainly the requiem of the horrible myth of the socialist commodity (both which were the core parts of the ideology of Stalin and the Soviet Union, of Mao and Maoist China and which is now the principal myth of China). This essay is about going beyond the worthless commodity and how humanity needs to understand the transcendence of this worthlessness. Marx's critique of political economy and his theory of value is a critique of the worthless commodity. And it is in this site of the critique of political economy that his idea of revolutionary philosophy emerges.


Metropolitan areas face increasing problems of urban sprawl. Simultaneously suffer an emptying of properties and depending on the prior use, may exhibit contamination of soil and ground water. The article aims to evaluate the urban density, availability of sanitation infrastructure and socioeconomic status of the neighborhood to check the potential for urban redevelopment and reoccupation of contaminated areas in the city of Sao Paulo. Through GIS the Cetesb database for the year 2010 with the addresses of the contaminated areas was georeferenced and census tracts with information Censo/2010 as household density, access the sewage system, garbage collection, and income were dichotomized between those with and no contaminated areas. The differences between of median and quartiles of these variables were compared. The city had 1,190 registered as contaminated areas, distributed in 5.1% of its census tracts. Census tracts with contaminated areas have lower household density and greater access to the sewage system, solid waste collection and performance compared to sectors without contaminated area. The census tract with contaminated areas have higher sanitation infrastructure, however, have a lower density of households. Despite the effort to reoccupy these areas, there is still great potential for growth in these areas in the city.


R3B is a detector with high efficiency, acceptance, and resolution for kinematically complete measurements of reactions with high-energy radioactive beams. Detectors track and identify radioactive beams into and out of a reaction target. Three layers of double-sided stereoscopic silicon strips form the tracker detector which must provide precise tracking and vertex determination and in addition include energy and multiplicity measurements. The R3B ASIC has been manufactured and is intended for processing and digitising signals generated by ionising particles passing through the tracker. The ASIC processes signals and provides spatial, energy and time measurements.


The skeletal muscle microbiopsy protocol was introduced to the Exercise and Sports Science (ESS) research field in 1999 and has been used as a protocol to directly examine muscular structural and biochemical changes. There is much variation in the reporting of the microbiopsy protocol and its related pre‐ and post‐procedure for participant care and sample collection. The purpose of this narrative and methodological review is to compare the microbiopsy to the traditional Bergström protocol used in the ESS field, identify and summarize all related microbiopsy protocols used in previous ESS studies and determine the most frequently used microbiopsy protocols aspects and associated pre‐ and post‐biopsy procedures.


Adaptive sampling methods have been widely used for meta modeling, when dealing with expensive-to-evaluate experiments in practical design and optimization tasks to approximate their performance measure. Existing methods try to minimize the global model error in various ways. However, there is still no general method for the denser sampling of regions with high performance. In this work, we introduce a new adaptive sampling approach that samples regions of high performance more densely, while also exploring unseen regions. A Gaussian process is used as meta model and a variance-based measure is defined for computing the adaptive sample points. Furthermore, Voronoi tessellation is used to reduce the complexity for application in high-dimensional design spaces. The proposed approach allows for higher model accuracy in regions of high performance by efficiently placing the available samples.


The goal of "one stop shopping" across multiple energy markets is to facilitate energy transactions by marketers, just as the motivation for large Regional Transmission Organizations is to remove barriers to trade due to multiple operational procedures and to support internalization of regional congestion management. Some of the critical issues for accomplishing one stop shopping (OSS) are: providing a single point of access for deal entry; automation of all associated processes required for the deal, including procurement and scheduling of transmission services; using the best available protocols that support data transparency under the internet environment; supporting a high degree of security via SSL and digital certification; and providing for coordination of scheduling and of operational information between RTOs, including RTO congestion management processes.


The REFLO-STEMI (REperfusion Facilitated by LOcal adjunctive therapy in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction) trial: a randomised controlled trial comparing intracoronary administration of adenosine or sodium nitroprusside with control for attenuation of microvascular obstruction during primary percutaneous coronary intervention Sheraz A Nazir,1 Jamal N Khan,1 Islam Z Mahmoud,2 John P Greenwood,3 Daniel J Blackman,3 Vijay Kunadian,4 Martin Been,5 Keith R Abrams,6 Robert Wilcox,7 AA Jennifer Adgey,8 Gerry P McCann1 and Anthony H Gershlick1* 1Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK 2Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Division of Imaging Sciences & Biomedical Engineering, Rayne Institute, BHF Excellence Centre, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London, London, UK 3Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK 4Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University and Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK 5Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK 6Centre for Biostatistics and Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK 7Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK 8Heart Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, UK *Corresponding author email@example.com Background: Microvascular obstruction (MVO) predicts shortand longer-term outcomes following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) treatment of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The evidence base supporting the role of adenosine and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the most evaluated adjunctive therapies aimed at attenuating MVO and infarct size, remains weak as the trials involved have had variable end points and used differing drug doses and modes of delivery. Objective: To determine whether intracoronary administration of adenosine or SNP following thrombus aspiration reduces infarct size and/or MVO measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in patients undergoing PPCI within 6 hours of onset of STEMI. Design: Multicentre, prospective, parallel, randomised controlled and open-label trial with blinded end point analysis. DOI: 10.3310/eme03090 EFFICACY AND MECHANISM EVALUATION 2016 VOL. 3 NO. 9 © Queen's Printer and Controller of HMSO 2016. This work was produced by Nazir et al. under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK. vii Setting: Four high-volume UK PPCI centres. Participants: Patients with STEMI undergoing PPCI with Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 0/1 in the infarct-related artery and no significant bystander coronary artery disease on angiography. Interventions: Participants were anticoagulated with bivalirudin and allocated by an automated 24-hour telephone randomisation service to one of three groups: (1) standard PPCI (control), (2) PPCI with adjunctive adenosine 1–2 mg or (3) PPCI with adjunctive SNP 250 μg. The study drugs were delivered intracoronary immediately following thrombus aspiration and again following successful stenting. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was infarct size (% total left ventricular end-diastolic mass; %LVM) measured by CMR imaging undertaken 48–96 hours post PPCI. Secondary outcome measures included MVO (hypoenhancement within the infarct core) on CMR imaging, electrocardiographic and angiographic markers of microvascular perfusion and major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) during a median of 6 months' follow-up. The study aimed to recruit 240 patients (powered at 80% to detect a 5% absolute reduction in infarct size). Results: The trial completed recruitment in April 2014 having randomised 247 patients (standard PPCI group, n = 86; PPCI + adenosine group, n = 82; PPCI + SNP group, n = 79). In total, 79% of participants were male and the mean ± standard deviation age of participants was 59.3 ± 12.3 years. CMR imaging was completed in 197 (80%) patients (standard PPCI, n = 65; PPCI + adenosine, n = 63; PPCI + SNP, n = 69) for the primary outcome. There was no significant difference in infarct size [%LVM, median, interquartile range (IQR)] between the adenosine group (10.1, 4.7–16.2), the SNP group (10.0, 4.2–15.8) and the control group (8.3, 1.9–14.0) (p = 0.062 and p = 0.160 vs. control, respectively). MVO (%LVM, median, IQR) was similar across the groups [1.0, 0.0–3.7 (p = 0.205) and 0.6, 0.0–2.4 (p = 0.244) for adenosine and SNP, respectively, vs. 0.3, 0.0–2.8 for the control]. Using per-protocol analysis, infarct size (%LVM) was increased in adenosine-treated patients compared with control patients (12.0 vs. 8.3; p = 0.031). Increased left ventricular volume and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were also observed in the adenosine arm. There was a significant increase in MACEs in patients undergoing adenosine-facilitated PPCI compared with control patients, driven by heart failure, at 30 days [hazard ratio (HR) 5.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18 to 24.60; p = 0.04] and 6 months (HR 6.53, 95% CI 1.46 to 29.2; p = 0.01) post randomisation. Conclusions: High-dose intracoronary adenosine and SNP during PPCI did not reduce infarct size or MVO measured by CMR imaging. Furthermore, adenosine may adversely affect mid-term clinical outcome and should not be used during PPCI to prevent reperfusion injury. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01747174 and EudraCT 2010–023211–34. Funding: This project was funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) programme, a MRC and NIHR partnership. ABSTRACT NIHR Journals Library www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk viii


This article reports the effect of the sintering temperature on structural and electrical properties of CaTiO3 synthesized via a hydrothermal route from hen's eggshell waste as a calcium source. The eggshell-derived powder was reacted with a commercial TiO2 powder in the hydrothermal reactor then sintered in a furnace with varied temperatures. The result of X-ray diffraction analysis shows that the crystal phase of the CaTiO3 samples depended on the sintering temperature. As the sintering temperature increased, the crystal phase of starting materials and secondary products decreasing, as a result, the crystal phase of CaTiO3 sample to become purer. The SEM image shows that CaTiO3 grains become finer and more uniform as the sintering temperature increases. The result of I-V characterization confirmed that sintering temperature greatly affected the electrical properties of CaTiO3. The electrical parameter of CaTiO3 samples was affected by sintering temperature, where the resistance of CaTiO3 increased with the increasing sintering temperature. Whereas the resistivity of CaTiO3 samples decreases with increasing sintering temperature, vice versa with the electrical conductivity.


Serpentine, an indole alkaloid isolated from the roots of Catharanthus roseus and citronellol and geraniol, essential oils of Pelargonium graveolens were tested for their efficacy as seed treatment agents against Meloidogyne incognita on tomato. At 0.2% conc. they both significantly increased growth of tomato and decreased M. incognita infestation. Seed treatment with serpentine or citronellol at 0.5% conc. did not increase the growth of tomato, through it significantly reduced the root-knot nematode infestation. Geraniol at 0.2 or 0.5% conc. did not decrease root-knot nematode infestation.


This study analyses the productive routine of the newspaper A Voz do Vale do Paraiba,located in Taubate, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, focusing on the relationship between itand the press assistance (public relations) of the local government. The theoreticalmethodology is used as basis for the discussion involving the productive routine of thecommunication means, including the approach on gatekeepers and on newsmaking. Oneof the main goals of this paper is to understand how a newspaper that doesn't havejournalists in its staff can survive, being distributed daily for 55 years in town. One ofthe conclusions is that the habit of publishing in whole the releases that arrive by pressagents, most of the time without revision, indicates that the institution depends on thefinancial contributions originated from the relationship with the politicians if it wantsto continue to exist.


This paper describes triangular surface charge methods (SCM) using fast multipole method (FMM) or tree method (TM) coupled with pseudo‐particle method for calculating three‐dimensional electric fields. FMM and TM enable us to calculate an N × N matrix and vector product of interacting N bodies by O(N) or O(N log N) times of operations and the same order of memories based on divide‐and‐conquer algorithm. Application of these techniques to the SCM allows us to utilize a million surface elements on an ordinary personal computer system with 1‐GB main memory. The calculated results of a benchmark test and two examples, that is, straight and spiral chains of dielectric spheres in a homogeneous field, show the validity and usefulness of the developed SCMs. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 143(2): 11–21, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.10099


We develop a model of search and unemployment in an economy consisting of a large number of spatially separated local competitive labour markets and aggregate uncertainty. If aggregate shocks are positively autocorrelated, the implied cyclical behaviour of the aggregate variables match those of empirical studies: worker movement and job creation are procyclical while total unemployment, job destruction and job reallocation are countercyclical.


Objective To probe traditional Chinese medicine syndrome elements distribution of the depressed patient in different ages,analysis of depression clinical features and pathogenesis will provide a useful reference to " the person should be" depression prevention. Methods By collecting ages of patients with depression all relevant information,and tapping the basic elements of the syndrome,distributional difference between elements of the syndrome in different age were explored by the application of statistical Methods. Results There was no difference between the depressed patient in different ages on HAMD total score and factor score. The main disease- bit syndrome factor of the depressed patient was heart; liver and kidney are age- related disease location depression syndrome elements; Yang Yu is the basic disease resistant depression syndrome elements. Conclusion Prevention of depression need to " declare open Yang Yu",based on the basic governing law,and fully focuses on the characteristics of the pathogenesis of different ages.


The requirements of the reinforcement reconstruction and reliability assessment of inservice buildings are analyzed. And according to strengthening design plan of concrete pile based upon strengthening checkout practical strengthening methods are introduced.


It is difficult to find commercial laser products meeting the requirements of ERL photocathode gun. Therefore, a drive laser system is being developed at Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), which comprises two kinds of laser seeds, 1.3 GHz and 100 MHz at repetition rate. Fiber amplifiers were being constructed and a test system was set up. The output power of the main amplifier can reach up to 27 W. With a 5-mm-long LBO crystal, the green second harmonic laser of 6 W was achieved in the preliminary validation experiment. ©, 2015, Editorial Office of High Power Laser and Particle Beams. All right reserved.


The data reviewed in this paper are organized to demonstrate: first, a possible genetic influence on tissue levels of glucuronidase; second, the inverse relationship between changes in glucuronidase and esterase in tissues and blood; third, the effects of a number of steroidal hormones on the activity levels of these enzymes in tissues and blood; and fourth, an apparent relationship between the serum level of 0-glucuronidase and the proportion of urinary steroids conjugated as glucuronides. A. The Genetic Injuence on the Relative Glucuronidase Levels of Tissues. Morrow, Greenspan, and Carrol suggested in 194916 that the relatively low liver glucuronidase of the CsH strain of mice might be genetically controlled. The experiments which Dr. Bittner and the author4 have carried out on the relative glucuronidase and esterase levels in the mammary tissue of a number of stocks of mice lend support to this thesis. (1) A marked difference in the glucuronidase activity of the mammary tissue in dif€erent mouse strains was found (FIGURE 1). Thus, there were four units of enzyme activity in the non-tumorous tissue of the Andervont C3H strain of mice, while corresponding tissue in the C stock showed 120 units of activity per mg. tissue N. (2) Corresponding relative glucuronidase levels are to be observed for a number of tissues in the different mouse strains. Thus, enzyme studies on blood serum (see TABLE 1) showed that the serum glucuronidase of the Z mice is only about 20 per cent as high as that of the A strain, while the glucuronidase activity of the non-tumorous mammary tissue for the Z strain was about 28 per cent of that of the A strain (FIGURE 1). In this connection, it might also be pointed out that Morrow et d.ls reported the liver glucuronidase activity of CSH mice to be only about 10 per cent of that of the A mice, while we observed a correspondingly low ratio of about five per cent for non-tumorous mammary tissue. (3) Particular support for the theory that the glucuronidase activity levels of mice are genetically determined is lent by our observations on the ZDsFl mice. These mice are hybrids obtained by crossing Z female mice with D male mice. They showed glucuronidase levels about the same as those of D mice but about 3 4 times as much as those of the Z mice. While the final proof of a possible genetic determination of the glucuronidase activity in mice must await breeding experiments, the possibility of such an influence emphasizes the danger of drawing general conclusions from experiments carried out on one stock of mice. This danger was particularly emphasized in the experiments just reported by Dr. Fishman on the effects of estrogen on the liver glucuronidase of mice.


An acoustic tracking technique for monitoring the motion of deep ocean moorings is described. The system uses Doppler phase shifts from bottom-moored beacons to resolve 3-cm motions. The motion of two intermediate depth moorings is presented.


We analyzed soil samples and symptoms of mycoses of red clover, goat's rue, alfalfa, birds-foot trefoil, sandy sainfoin in the phase of budding-beginning of flowering of plants against a natural infectious background in small-plot experiments in the territory of the botanical garden of the National Research University "BelSU" (Belgorod, RF). As a result, a series of decrease in the number of propagules of soil microscopic fungi (thousand CFU/g) was compiled: alfalfa (27.8 ± 4.01) – birds-foot trefoil (23.5 ± 2.25) – sainfoin (18.3 ± 1.67) – clover (17.3 ± 2.43) – goat's rue (13.7 ± 1.21) – fallow (12.3 ± 1.73). The number of micromycete species in the fallow soil was 38, and 9–22 species decreased in the grass rhizosphere. On red clover plants, powdery mildew was recorded with an intensity of development and spread of 64% and 75%, respectively, with a shortage of green mass productivity of more than 50%. The loss of green mass productivity in clover Alternariosis was 81%. Rust of alfalfa, birds-foot and sainfoin led to losses in the productivity of green mass up to 14% and was noted with a prevalence of 20%. Symptoms of purple rhizoctoniosis, fusarium root rot, black mold, downy mildew, and yellow spot were also recorded. More than 80% of phytopathogenic fungi are representatives of the leaf-stem group, the rest are of the root-tuber group.


Abstracts of 145 reports are compiled addressing the morphology, geochemistry, and stratigraphy of planetary surfaces with some specific examinations of volcanic, aeolian, fluvial, and periglacial processes and landforms. In addition, reports on cartography and remote sensing of planet surfaces are included.


This paper outlines the indebtedness of current digital capture, processing and display of Gaelic manuscripts to scholarly innovators and pioneers of the nineteenth century. It then reviews highlights of the deep-digitization project, Irish Script on Screen (), which was launched in 1999 and continues today. It is shown how current developments in spectroscopy and multi-spectral imaging allow us to complement and build upon traditional digital techniques and display.


Background IgG hypogammaglobulinemia has been demonstrated as a risk factor of severe infection in solid organ tranplantation in single center studies and metanalysis. Kidney transplant patients are more prone to CMV infection due to immunosuppressive therapy. IgG testing is suggested when CMV is difficult to control. We here present the results of a multicenter study with the aim to evaluate distinct humoral immunity biomarkers as potential predictors of CMV infection. Materials and Methods In a prospective multicenter study of a cohort of 212 patients in 2 centers in Spain who underwent kidney transplantation we identified patients who developed CMV infection during a 6 month follow-up after transplantation. Levels of IgG, IgM, IgA and complement C3 and C4 were prospectively measured in both centers using the routine laboratory. Assessment times were before transplantation, at day 7 and at day 30 after transplantation. Logistic regressión analysis was performed to assess potential biomarkers. Results During follow up 18 (8.5%) kidney recipients developed at least one episode of CMV infection. Day 30 IgG level was lower in patients who developed CMV infections after transplantation compared to patients without this complication (704±276 and 894±281%, respectively, p = 0.013). IgG level <700 mg/dL (IgG hypogammaglobulinemia) was significantly associated with risk for development of CMV infection in logistic regression analysis, RH 3.33, 95% CI 1.05-10.48, p = 0.04. Patients with hypogammaglobulinemia also disclosed a higher risk of developing recurrent infections (defined as 3 or more episodes caused by distinct pathogens, 24.1%), RH 2.4, 95% CI, 1.12-4.95, p=0.024). Conclusion The results obtained in this multicenter study suggest that lower levels of IgG are a risk factor for development of CMV infection and recurrent infections in kidney transplantation. IgG assessmnent is easily available, rapid and low cost. The inclusion of this biomarker in immunomonitoring protocols should be taken into account as well as in clinical guidelines. Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria. Project FIS 1501472. With participation of FEDER Funds, a new way of making Europe. ISR global grant Grifols, California, USA.


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A 56-year-old woman with a history of dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis presented with weight loss and progressive proteinuria. The presenting blood count was normal: white blood cells, 10.9 × 109/L; hemoglobin, 15.5 g/dL; platelet count, 236 × 109/L. No significant rouleaux


This paper focuses on the solution to the technical problems confronted during the construction process of the cable dome with a diameter of 71.2 m,i.e.the controlling of structural construction error,component size error,installation and shaping methods of structures,the order and method of pretensioning and the construction simulation and monitoring.The internal and middle ridge cables,internal and middle slope cables are fixed length cables.The outer ridge cable and the outer slope cable are variable length cables to adjust the construction error.On the basis of a brief summary of the construction experience abroad,it proposes the method of integral assembling on the ground and synchronous hoisting of outer ridge and slope cable,shaped by stretch the outer slope cable,which has reduced aerial work and guaranteed constriction security.Secondly,based on the theory that the cable dome is a flexible construction with several symmetry axis,the construction method of verified batches and levels was finally proposed,based on which,tension construction of the project was completed.From the monitoring data,the configuration of the actual structure was generally identical with the configuration designed.


The existing relation active database system do not support complex event, therefore they cannot accommodate well with complicated applications. In this paper, we propose a new relation active database model which can support complex event and multiple coupling model, and then give a description of its system execution model.


Foreign Investment in Australian real estate is escalating. Investment is required to meet Australia's balance of payments. An overview is provided, then specific reference is made to the amount of Chinese investment in both commercial and residential real estate.


European co‐operation at all levels of political, economic, technical and social life has been and will continue to be a talking point for many years. In some cases there have been major achievements in co‐operative effort, in others there have been abysmal failures but for the most part the talking still goes on. In the field of civil aviation it is difficult to recognise national frontiers and although this has been acknowledged in the evolution of world standards and procedures through the medium of the International Civil Aviation Organisation, Europe has some very particular problems which need more detailed attention than can be effected at the ICAO level. This need can only be fulfilled by co‐operative effort and goodwill on the part of all the European States.