OF THE DISSERTATION DATA MINING TECHNIQUES TO UNDERSTAND TEXTUAL DATA by Wubai Zhou Florida International University, 2017 Miami, Florida Professor Tao Li, Co-Major Professor Professor Shu-Ching Chen, Co-Major Professor More than ever, information delivery online and storage heavily rely on text. Billions of texts are produced every day in the form of documents, news, logs, search queries, ad keywords, tags, tweets, messenger conversations, social network posts, etc. Text understanding is a fundamental and essential task involving broad research topics, and contributes to many applications in the areas text summarization, search engine, recommendation systems, online advertising, conversational bot and so on. However, understanding text for computers is never a trivial task, especially for noisy and ambiguous text such as logs, search queries. This dissertation mainly focuses on textual understanding tasks derived from the two domains, i.e., disaster management and IT service management that mainly utilizing textual data as an information carrier. Improving situation awareness in disaster management and alleviating human efforts involved in IT service management dictates more intelligent and efficient solutions to understand the textual data acting as the main information carrier in the two domains. From the perspective of data mining, four directions are identified: (1) Intelligently generate a storyline summarizing the evolution of a hurricane from relevant online corpus; (2) Automatically recommending resolutions according to the textual symptom description in a ticket; (3) Gradually adapting the resolution rec-


The phenomenon of the depopulation affects the spatial configuration of the countryside, and how inhabitants use it. The thesis explores the region of Sardinia, Italy, with the aim as first to map the problem through experimental methodology, and finally to propose solutions which can be applied elsewhere. The thesis is not only a process of research through mapping, but it's also the story of the region itself told using a vast usage of experimental mapping, and complex info-graphics.


In human heme peroxidases the prosthetic group is covalently attached to the protein via two ester linkages between conserved glutamate and aspartate residues and modified methyl groups on pyrrole rings A and C. Here, monomeric recombinant myeloperoxidase (MPO) and the variants D94V and D94N were produced in Chinese hamster ovary cell lines. Disruption of the Asp94 to heme ester bond decreased the one-electron reduction potential E′0 [Fe(III)/Fe(II)] from 1 to –55 mV at pH 7.0 and 25 °C, whereas the kinetics of binding of low spin ligands and of compound I formation was unaffected. By contrast, in both variants rates of compound I reduction by chloride and bromide (but not iodide and thiocyanate) were substantially decreased compared with the wild-type protein. Bimolecular rates of compound II (but not compound I) reduction by ascorbate and tyrosine were slightly diminished in D94V and D94N. The presented biochemical and biophysical data suggest that the Asp94 to heme linkage is no precondition for the autocatalytic formation of the other two covalent links found in MPO. The findings are discussed with respect to the known active site structure of MPO and its complexes with ligands.


To verify the association of IL-4 (C-590T)) gene polymorphisms with asthma severity in a sample of patients with atopic asthma. Aim of the study: This study aimed to verifying the association of CD14 (C-590T), gene polymorphisms with asthma. Methods: A clinical, laboratory, prospective study was performed in patients with atopic asthma, compared to a control group at allergy and asthma center also at Marjan teaching hospital between April and October 2014 in Babylon province/Iraq. IL4 C-590-T gene polymorphism was detected by PCR and restriction enzyme. Results: This study included 58 patients with persistent atopic asthma and 30 healthy blood donors. When distribution of C-590-T polymorphism genotype frequency (IL4) in asthma was compared with the control group, there was a result with the TT genotype. Conclusion: Our results indicate that C-590-T (IL4) polymorphism might be not involved in modulation of asthma.


In order to be used, distributed multimedia applications have to respect temporal constraints. This is particularly difficult on current networks because of the volume of data which they manipulate. Moreover, the importance of user perception of a provided service is one of the multimedia applications more important features. Their performance is then dependent on variations of the run-time context, which are not predictable. Thus, we would like to guarantee the user of a distributed multimedia application to benefit from an optimum quality of service in a given context, using a dynamic adaptation of the application to its run-time context (hardware, software, network and external environment). In this PhD thesis, we define a design method for the application and a support for its execution using a distributed middleware, which adds or removes components, reconfigures and restructures the set of components that compose the application. In order to do that, we propose an application and a quality of service model and an associated distributed evaluation model. Then we define an heuristics adapted to multimedia constraints in order to find the best configuration whereas this problem is NP-complete. Finally we describe the simulator that validates our works.


In this paper, we retrieve slow oscillation of a real sequence u = (u n) out of (C, 1) summability of the generator sequence (V (0) n (Δu)) of (u n) under some additional condition. Consequently, we recover convergence or subsequential convergence of (u n) out of (C, 1) summability of (u n) under certain additional conditions that control oscillatory behavior of the sequence (u n).


As a tensile fracture was induced in a sandstone core sample under compressional loading, compressional waves were propagated parallel to the plane of tensile stress. Long before catastrophic failure, when a macroscopic fracture was formed, the energy in the compressional wave showed a dramatic shift in spectral frequency from 0.644 MHz to 1 MHz. This frequency shift is a signature of the partitioning of energy from a compressional body wave into a compressional‐mode interface wave. The presence of this signature before failure suggests the presence of an incipient interface wave that is supported by a network of oriented but disconnected microcracks.


This paper provides a comparative analysis of the development of initial teacher education and training in England and Pakistan. The aim of this re- search was to investigate initial teacher education (ITE) in both countries to gain insights into two initial teacher education systems with a view to improving ITE in Pakistan. To achieve this aim, a cross-cultural study using a multi-method ap- proach was adopted. A qualitative field study on ITE systems of both countries found some significant factors which may be improving or hampering efficient and effective delivery of teacher education. This paper is also based on a review of in- ternational and national research literature. Findings from this paper showed how perilous and complicated it is to state definitely what the similarities and differ- ences actually are between two ITE systems. The main issues addressed in this article are: governmental regulations and institutional provisions; ITE curriculum, policy and delivery; selection criteria of trainees; the quality of ITE; effectiveness of ITE programmes.


In trying to "recruit" students for my high school German program, I have had to deal with some all-too-familiar misconceptions of the language: "German's too hard to pronounce." "It's too hard to spell." "The grammar is too difficult." What were the bases for their opinions? Inevitably, my prospective students would point to one or two of the labels I had affixed to items in my classroom (e.g., Bleistiftspitzer or Anschauungstafel) and say, "Look at those long words. German must be hard." I used to counter with, "But look at these words: Fenster, Wand, Tur, Uhr, Bild, Poster... " (My argument, though, was seldom as persuasive as theirs.) Finally, I decided to confront the issue of long words. I devised a puzzle/worksheet entitled "Those Logical Germans." It was based on compound nouns-not the type of noun which requires only a verbatim translation (e.g. Weinglas) but the type which involves some degree of reasoning to arrive at its meaning (e.g. Krankenwagen). Although I had intended to use this with new or prospective students, I decided to try it out initially with my first-year class. They had already been exposed to similar vocabulary; consequently, I felt they would not become easily discouraged if the worksheet was too difficult.


In 1869 Francis Galton (1822–1911) published a book called Hereditary Genius in which he argued that human intellectual capacity was inherited much like hair or eye colour. Building on a series of more speculative articles four years earlier, the book was the beginning of the British eugenics movement. As Galton's numerous critics pointed out, though, the family pedigrees that filled page after page of Hereditary Genius did not demonstrate conclusively what he claimed they did: that clever and successful people were often related to other clever and successful people because of nature rather than nurture. Galton, however, thought he might be able to call on support from his cousin, Charles Darwin, who had a tentative new theory of heredity. According to Darwin's account of 'pangenesis', offspring inherited characteristics from their parents via 'gemmules', which were swirling around in animals' bloodstreams (Darwin, 1868: 340–404). Enthused by the idea that this theory might solve his problems, Galton devised a test and asked Darwin to collaborate. They acquired two groups of rabbits – one with white fur, the other black – and swapped their blood, reasoning that their offspring's fur would be a different colour as a result. Within weeks it was clear their interventions had made no difference. Nevertheless, the two men carried on, finally bringing their gruesome experiments to an end 5 years later (Renwick, 2012: 53–6). Galton and Darwin's enthusiasm for pangenesis was important for a number of reasons. The experiments' failure to yield positive results persuaded Galton to focus on proving his argument with statistical tools – a process that would culminate with his landmark book, Natural Inheritance (1889), which would be revered by both biometricians and Mendelians at the start of the 20th century (MacKenzie, 1981). Yet the experiments, and in particular their failure, despite Galton and Darwin's optimism, were emblematic of something more general when it comes to the history of biosocial science: the gap between theories and the reality. Just 5 years earlier, in his first speculations on what he would later name 'eugenics', Galton (1883: 17) had written about his belief that


We use numerical simulations to study the resonant interaction of relativistic electrons with rising-frequency EMIC wave packets in the H band. We find that precipitation fluxes are formed by quasi-linear interaction and several nonlinear interaction regimes having opposite effects. In particular, the influence of Lorentz force on the particle phase (force bunching) decreases precipitation for particles with low equatorial pitch angles (up to 15-25), and can even block it completely. Four other nonlinear regimes are possible: nonlinear shift of the resonance point (can cause pitch angle drift in both directions); phase bunching (slightly increases pitch angle for untrapped particles); directed scattering (strongly decreases pitch angle for untrapped particles) and particle trapping by the wave field (decreases pitch angle). Equatorial pitch angle distribution evolution during several passes of particles through the wave packet is studied. The precipitation fluxes are evaluated and compared wit...


Background: Hyaluronic acid injections for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee are a widely used yet highly controversial therapy. Many societal guidelines recommend against the use of such injections. Objective: This review aims to investigate efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections for treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee. Conclusion: There are many factors impacting the efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections. This can include source of hyaluronic acid, dosing regimen, molecular weight of the product, and patient characteristics. Overall, hyaluronic acid injections can be effective in reducing pain and improving physical function in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. These injections may also prolong time between diagnosis and arthroplasty. Adverse events after injection are rare and can be product-related. Radiologic findings and severity of disease can be predictive of successful treatment outcomes. More consistent research will be necessary to overturn societal guideline recommendations to support treatment with intra-articular hyaluronic acid products.


The present paper describes correlations between microstructure and tensile properties of af riction stir (FS) welded Al –M g– Si alloy (6061–T6 Al). Mechanical tests were performed to determine the hardness and tensile stress–strain properties for the base material and for the nugget (or stirred) zone in the FS weld. The microstructure in the nugget zone was characterized using aw eak-beam technique, highresolution electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Reduction of flow stress in the nugget zone was caused by thermal softening of the base material during the friction stir welding (FSW) process. Fine needlelike precipitates, dislocation segments, and fine lattice defects were observed in the base material, while only isolated long dislocations were found in the nugget zone. These results suggest that dynamic recrystallization occurs during FSW. Deterioration of tensile properties in the nugget zone was caused by the annihilation of lattice defects formed during the thermal refining process. The strain-hardening rate of the nugget zone was higher than that of the base material, and this was caused by as imple dislocation multiplication due to the dynamic recrystallization of the base material.


-This work deals with the modeling and prediction of the wear of plastic gears and their composites. The literature shows that the worn shape of gear teeth for gears in plastic materials and their composites differs from that of their metal gear counterparts. This makes existing models of wear prediction in metallic gears unsuitable for gears made of plastic materials and their composites. Two models based on Archard's law, namely the adapted Flodin model and a new model with an exponential coefficient of wear, are developed in this study. Simulations on acetal gears were implemented using models developed with Matlab code and the numerical results obtained are presented and discussed. The results of the two wear models effectively give the worn shape of the profiles in accordance with that obta ined by the experimenta l t est s o f Düzcükoğlu [11] . The new wear model compared to the Flodin model presents a simplicity in determining its exponential wear coefficient λ. The exponential wear coefficient λ is more stable face the variations of the operating parameters than the wea r co eff ic i ent k of the Flo din model . Using the results of experimental tests carried out on acetal gears by K. Mao [9], a validation method is proposed and shows a good agreement between the experimental results and those of our new model. Keys words: plastic gear, wear, modeling, exponential wear coefficient, Matlab. IINTRODUCTION Plastic gears and their composites have many advantages and they will continue to beneficially replace metal gears in many applications in all areas. Above all, today that the family of plastic materials and their composites is growing with the development of new eco-plastics and their natural fiber composites as an alternative for sustainable development, it is therefore essential to continue research in the field o f p las t ic gears and the i r composi te s in o rder to overcome the problems that still hinder their use. In gear transmissions, there is a relative slip between the two profiles in contact due to the very kinematics of the gear transmission mechanism. This slip associated with the load and the speed generates friction, intense heating and wear of the profiles in contact and impacts the p e r f o r m a n c e o f t h e g e a r s . One of the modes of gear failure is wear, and in addition it affects other damage modes [1, 2]. According to the models of wear based on the law of Archard [2, 3, 4, 5] and developed for the gears, the rate of wear is directly related to the contact pressure, to the sliding distance of each contact point and with tribo-mechanical characteristics (coefficient of friction, lubrication condition, hardness or Young's modulus) of the materials in contact . Other authors have studied the wear of gears based on the concept of intensity of power dissipation by postulating that the wear of the material is controlled by the dissipation of energy due to friction between surfaces. This is the case of Onishchenko [6], Wojnarowski and Onishchenko [7]. Wu and Cheng [8] developed a wear model for partial elasto-hydro-dynamic (EHD) contacts including the role of roughness and local temperatures in contact . The work of Thaer OSMAN [2] concerns influence of wear on the static and dynamic behavior o f g e a r s t r a n s m i s s i o n . OSMAN reported a summary of existing wear laws and those applied to gears. It emerges from its observation and that of other authors that, the wear model of Flodin and Anderson [14, 15] resulting from the law of Archard which calculates the wear of each point on the contact profile is appropriate of the wear of the gears; (the simulation agree with the tests results). The experimental results agree well with those of the models, for metallic gears, with a zero wear r a t e a t th e p i tch po in t . Unlike metallic gears, the experimental wear results for plastic gears and their composites show a non-zero wear rate at the pitch point [9, 10]. The previously established wear models giving a zero wear rate International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN: 2278-0181 http://www.ijert.org IJERTV9IS070048 (This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.) Published by : www.ijert.org Vol. 9 Issue 07, July-2020


Objective To observe the curative effects of octreotide on gastrointestinal cancer and its influenee on the serum level of IGF-1.Methods 33 patients diagnosed as advanced gastrointestinal cancer were randomized into 2 groups.15 cases in therapy group received octreotide 400μg/d subcutaneous injection or intravenous injection,other patients were taken as control.Curative effects of octreotide and serum level of IGF-1 on different time were observed before and after therapy.Results 4 cases in therapy group kept stable condition during treatment,all 18 cases in control group deteriorated gradually.The median survival time of octreotide therapy was 6.9 months,longer than that of control group(2.3 months)(P<0.05),the feeling of well being in therapy group was reported a remarkable improvement.Serum level of IGF-1 decreased obviously after octreotide injection(P<0.05),but no significant difference in control group.Conclusion Octreotide can prolong the survival duration and improve living quality of patients with advanced gastrointestinal tumors.The mechanism of antitumor is probably through suppression of IGF-1.

Key words:
Digestive system neoplasms;  Somatostatin;  Octreotide;  Insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ


This paper presents the shadow capital asset pricing model (CAPM) of Ma [2011a. Advanced Asset Pricing Theory. London: Imperial College Press] as an intertemporal equilibrium asset pricing model, and tests it empirically. In contrast to the classical CAPM – a single-factor model based on a strong behavioral or distributional assumption – the shadow CAPM can be represented as a two-factor model, and only requires a modest behavioral assumption of weak form mean-preserving spread risk aversion. The empirical tests provide support in favor of the shadow CAPM over the classical CAPM, the consumption CAPM, or the Epstein and Zin [1991. "Substitution, Risk Aversion and the Temporal Behavior of Consumption and Asset Returns: An Empirical Analysis". Journal of Political Economy 99, 263–286] model. Moreover, the shadow CAPM provides a consistent explanation for the cross-sectional variations of expected returns on the stocks and for the time-varying equity premium.


The magnetic field dependence of ultrasonic attenuation α (B) of slow shear waves in the ZnSe:Cr2+ crystal at a number of fixed temperatures from T=1.4 K to 20 K in magnetic fields of up to B=14 T were investigated. For magnetic fields B above 5 T we found that the attenuation increases with B monotonically, and at a given temperature it is proportional to the magnitude of relaxation attenuation at B=0. We show that the magnetic field dependent attenuation is due to the change in populations of the lowest energy levels of the impurity centers CrZn4Se, produced by the Jahn-Teller effect and split by the spin-orbital interaction and the magnetic field. The calculations carried out without fitting parameters are in good agreement with the experimental data.


Seed germination, seedling growth and leaf biochemical parameters of plant could be used to comprehensively reflect soil health.In order to screen plant bio-indicators of oil-contaminated soil and to explore the change pattern of its eco-toxicity during bioremediation, a bioremediation experiment was conducted. Crude oil degrading bacterial consortium were built with three strains isolated from oil-contaminated soil. Seed germination, seedling growth, and leaf photosynthetic pigment content, MDA(malonaldehyde)content and SOD(superoxide dismutase)activities of wheat and radish were measured. During the bioremediation process, soil eco-toxicity was the greatest on the 16 th day and gradually dropped down to a normal level thereafter. Soil eco-toxicity was different for different plant bio-indicators applied. The present findings suggest that seed germination, seedling growth, and leaf photosynthetic pigment content, MDA and SOD activities could be used as potential indicators of the effectiveness of microbial remediation of oil-contaminated soils.


In this paper an automatic method for detecting root crowns in root images for plants growing in gellan gum is proposed. In the proposed approach statistics of Zernike moments (ZMs) are used to model the bi-level root crown images and non root crown images. Bi-level image are generated by a process of normalization and segmentation. The statistics of the ZMs for the classes of root crowns and non root crowns are learnt from a labelled training data set. For classification of a new image patch into a root crown or non root crown class, a likelihood is computed assuming the orthogonal ZMs to be independent and normally distributed. The ratio of these two class likelihoods is used for classification. The results of classification are quantitatively analysed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the ROC curve is used for deciding the order of ZMs to be used for detection of the root crowns. We evaluate the results of the proposed methodology both quantitatively and qualitatively. Results of root crown detection on real different plant roots are shown.


This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the influence of leadership style, motivation, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction on employee performance at PDAM Purwa Tirta Dharma in Grobogan Central Java Province. There are 64 employees as sampling. The method that applied in this research is saturate sample. The analysis technique in this research is multiple linier methods using SPSS 22 program. The results of this study indicate that the style of leadership and motivation does not affect the performance of employees, while organizational commitment and job satisfaction affect the performance of employees.


The structural technology and required precision of precise roller were analyzed. The forming technology of the products and the design,structure and working process of stretching die,sizing die,punching die,bruning die,turnover mechanism,liftout mechanism and automatic feeding mechanism of automatic multistage progressive die were elaborated. The pilot precise rollers were successful with good quality under one test of the die. The die has already been put into use.


There are three thermoelectric mechanisms: the Seebeck, Peltier and Thomson effects. The Seebeck effect describes the conversion of temperature differences directly into electricity; an applied temperature gradient causes charged carriers in the material to diffuse from the hot side to the cold side generating a current flow. The Peltier effect describes the production of heat at an electrified junction of two different materials, the forced flow of charged carriers creates a temperature difference, and the Thomson effect describes the heating or cooling of a current carrying conductor in the presence of a temperature gradient. To analyze these phenomena accurately the thermoelectric field equations have to be solved, here the Seebeck‐ Peltier effect is implemented using the weak form. Otherwise, this study also investigates the temporal evolutions of the temperature profile while the TE modulus coupled to a CPU. Results give a useful phenomena explanation for the cooling application in electronic devices and figure out the interface effect of TE modulus


Abstract In this paper, we define the Pell-Pell p-sequence and then we discuss the connection of the Pell-Pell p-sequence with Pell and Pell p-sequences. Also, we provide a new Binet formula and a new combinatorial representation of the Pell-Pell p-numbers by the aid of the nth power of the generating matrix the Pell-Pell p-sequence. Furthermore, we obtain an exponential representation of the Pell-Pell p-numbers and we develop relationships between the Pell-Pell p-numbers and their permanent, determinant and sums of certain matrices.


OBJECTIVE
To observe and evaluate objectively the clinical effect of Guilong Tongluo Capsule (GTC) in treating chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).

METHODS
Sixty CIDP patients were equally randomized into two groups. The treated group was administered with GTC and prednisone, while the control group with prednisone alone. Changes before and after 3-month treatment in terms of muscle force, functional and sensory disturbance of extremities, as well as scoring by Activity of Daily Living Scale (ADL) and electromyogram (EMG) for nerve conduction velocity were observed and compared.

RESULTS
The total effective rate gained in the treated group and the control group was 90.0% (27/30) and 70.0% (21/30) respectively, showing significant difference between them (chi2 = 14.82, P < 0.01). The improvement in the treated group was superior to the control group in muscle force of lower limb, motive and sensory function of extremities, ADL scores and motive function of ulnar nerve (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSION
The curative effect of GTC combined with prednisone in treating CIDP was better than that of prednisone alone.


Cloud computing allows to move computing and storage components from individual systems into the cloud, which provides software and hardware services over the Internet. A collaborative application is among software services that can be provided by the cloud computing to enable collaboration among users from the same or different tenants. During such collaborations, the participants need to access and use resources held by other collaborating users. These resources often contain sensitive data. They are meant to be shared only during specific collaborative sessions. This paper proposes a Collaborative Task Role-Based Access Control CTRBAC model to ensures access control to the shared resources in a collaborative session in multi-tenants environments. The suggested CTRBAC model is an extended version of RBAC in which new entities were added in order to support together: Collaboration in multi-tenant environment, active and passive access control and collaborative sessions. The suggested model has been implemented using Swift component in the open source cloudcomputing platform "OpenStack".


We describe microwave and hard X-ray observations of strong quasi-periodic pulsations from the GOES X1.3 solar flare on 2003 June 15. The radio observations were made jointly by the Owens Valley Solar Array (OVSA), the Nobeyama Polarimeter (NoRP), and the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH). Hard X-ray observations were made by RHESSI. Using Fourier analysis, we study the frequency- and energy-dependent oscillation periods, differential phase, and modulation amplitudes of the radio and X-ray pulsations. Focusing on the more complete radio observations, we also examine the modulation of the degree of circular polarization and of the radio spectral index. The observed properties of the oscillations are compared with those derived from two simple models for the radio emission. In particular, we explicitly fit the observed modulation amplitude data to the two competing models. The first model considers the effects of MHD oscillations on the radio emission. The second model considers the quasi-periodic injection of fast electrons. We demonstrate that quasi-periodic acceleration and injection of fast electrons is the more likely cause of the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in the radio and hard X-ray emission, which has important implications for particle acceleration and transport in the flaring sources.


Nonadiabatic Abelian geometric quantum computation has been extensively studied, due to its fast manipulation and inherent noise resistance. However, to obtain the pure geometric phase, the quantum state is required to evolve along some special paths to eliminate the dynamical phase. This leads to increasing evolution time and weakened gate robustness. The unconventional geometric quantum computation is an effective way to solve the above problems. Here, we propose a general approach to realize the unconventional geometric computation. Then, we discuss the effect of the ratio of geometric phase to dynamic phase on the performance of quantum gates. The results show that the selection of ratio corresponds to different quantum gate robustness. Therefore, we can optimize the ratio to get higher-fidelity quantum gates. At last, we construct the ratio-optimized quantum gates in a superconducting circuit and test its robustness. The fidelities of the T-gate, Hadamard H-gate, and controlled phase gate can be obtained as 99.98%, 99.95%, and 99.85%, respectively. Therefore, our scheme provides a promising way to realize large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation in superconducting circuits.


ABSTRACT This study examined predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with mental health (MH) services, the use of school-based, medical-based, and specialty MH services, and the use of ≥2 MH services among children in kinship care. We analyzed a sample of children in kinship care (N = 718) selected from wave II of the National Survey on Child and Adolescent Well-Being II. Results indicated that child's age, gender, ethnicity (being Hispanic) and clinically significant internalizing and externalizing problems were associated with their use of MH services. Furthermore, results indicated being Hispanic, older children, living in poverty primarily with male caregivers, and having clinically significant externalizing problems were associated with higher odds of receiving school-based MH services, while being a girl and living with caregivers with better physical health were associated with lower odds of receiving medical-based MH services. Experiencing household challenges and living with caregivers with better MH were associated with the odds of receiving specialty MH services. Experiencing household challenges, being Hispanic and older children, and living in formal kinship care were associated with higher odds of receiving ≥2 MH services. These findings suggest the importance of providing accessible and diverse MH services to children in kinship care.


in Argentina and Algeria, d'Herelle by chance studied diseases of locusts: studies which were perhaps the first recorded examples of a deliberate search for specific infections to be used for biological control of insect pests. Remaining chapters are largely concerned with well-known aspects of d'Herelle's bacteriophage work, with one exception. Following his departure, not without a certain bitterness after controversies with colleagues at the Pasteur Institute and later at Yale, he left Yale in 1933. In that year he accepted an offer to join Georgiy Eliava at the Tiflis (Tbilisi) Bacteriological Institute, soon to spawn a new specialist All-Union Bacteriophage Institute, there to pursue his research on therapeutic applications of bacteriophage. Eliava had worked with d'Herelle at the Pasteur Institute in the early 1920s, and had become a friend. When d'Herelle left Yale under something of a cloud, to put it mildly, in 1933, Russia with its "new scientific socialism", and collaboration with Eliava on his own pet subject of bacteriophage therapy, seemed a golden opportunity. But the Stalinist purges were about to begin, and Eliava was caught up in the reign of terror and executed in 1937. It was the end of d'Herelle's flirtation with the powers of the USSR, although after his precipitate departure phage research and clinical studies of phage therapy continued in Russia, with encouraging results it was claimed. Today researchers in the West are tentatively renewing studies of phage therapy in the wake of development of resistance to antibiotics, especially in hospital infections. The blurb's claim that d'Herelle's work "established the foundation for the later work of Max Delbruick and the Phage Group in molecular biology" is somewhat at odds with the author's final conclusion that although bacteriophage became "the organism of the molecular biological revolution", the largely self-taught d'Herelle never took much interest in physiological chemistry, and even less in the development of molecular biological sciences. On the other hand, Summers in his preface stated that not only phage, but also the experimental techniques devised by d'Herelle, are still "central to molecular biology as well as to the new fields of biotechnology and genetic engineering". It is left to the reader to sort out the evidence and weigh up the degree of admiration deserved by the work of d'Herelle. In spite of the author's best efforts, this is a biography which leaves one with limited sympathy for its protagonist.


An ECR‐magnetron sputtering system with permanent magnets has been developed and used to prepare Fe‐O films. Oxygen was introduced into an Ar sputtering atmosphere during deposition of Fe onto the glass substrate. X‐ray diffraction patterns of these films showed a drastic increase in intensity of the Fe(200) diffraction peak, and a rapid decrease of the Fe(110) peak. The Fe(110) single peak is observed in the film prepared without oxygen. In the films prepared with oxygen, iron oxides were not detected through x‐ray diffraction, x‐ray photoelectron, or magnetic properties measurements, implying that, in sputter‐deposited Fe films, a small amount of oxygen brings about a [100] orientation of the Fe grains.


Abstract Low-alloy steels (LAS) are extensively used in oil and gas (O&G) production due to their good mechanical properties and low cost. Even though nickel improves mechanical properties and hardenability with low penalty on weldability, which is critical for large subsea components, nickel content cannot exceed 1-wt% when used in sour service applications. The ISO 15156-2 standard limits the nickel content in LAS on the assumption that nickel concentrations above 1-wt% negatively impact sulfide stress cracking (SSC) resistance. This restriction excludes a significant number of high-strength and high-toughness alloys, such as Ni-Cr-Mo (e.g., UNS G43200 and G43400), Ni-Mo (e.g., UNS G46200), and Ni-Cr-Mo-V grades, from sour service applications and can be used only if successfully qualified. However, the standard is based on controversial research conducted more than 40 years ago. Since then, researchers have suggested that it is the microstructure that determines SSC resistance, regardless of Ni content. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of nickel-containing LAS in terms of strength, weldability, hardenability, potential weight savings, and cost reduction. Likewise, the state of knowledge on the effect of nickel on hydrogen absorption as well as SSC initiation and propagation kinetics is critically reviewed.


Objective To explore the neurotoxicity of aluminum-maltolate(Al3). Methods Behavior screening on two month old Sprague Dawley(SD) male rats was carried out with Morris water maze and open-field test.After the screening,forty SD male rats were divided randomly into five groups:normal saline group,maltolate group,0.27,0.54,and 1.08 mg/kg Al(mal)3 treated groups.The rats in the five groups received corresponding reagent of 200 μl/day via intraperitoneal injection for two months.After the treatments,the Morris water maze test and step-down test were performed to examine learning and memory abilities of the rats.Aluminum concentration in rat neocortex was determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Results The average escape latency of water maze test prolonged obviously and the average numbers of crossing the platform site decreased significantly in Al(mal)3 groups(P0.05 for all).In step down test,the results of analysis of variance(ANOVA) showed significant differences in error count 1,latent period,and error count 2.Significant shortening of mean latency was observed in the rats of Al(mal)3 groups compared with that of the rats in saline group and in maltolate group(P0.05),while error count 1 and 2 were increased significantly in Al(mal)3 groups,with significant differences in all Al(mal)3 groups except error count 2 in 0.27 mg/kg Al(mal)3 groups(P0.05).Aluminum content in cerebral cortex in 0.27,0.54,and 1.08 mg/kg Al(mal)3 treated groups was 43.16±1.54,58.38±3.85,and 89.20±14.45 ng/g,respectively,which were increased significantly compared with those of saline group and maltolate group(P0.05). Conclusion Subchronic exposure to Al(mal)3 can damage the rat's nervous system.


The article considers that in the performance of the functions of the head of the technical school, vocational school and vocational college, the pedagogical and student community, parents, sponsors also establish practical and emotional communication with the general public.


The present research aims to summarize the literature on customer delight, identify trends and debates, create an instrument to measure delight and propose directions for future research.,A comprehensive review of the literature has been undertaken. Flowing from a variety of conceptual, qualitative and quantitative articles, operational measures have been identified, and an instrument to measure customer delight has been proposed.,Past research on customer delight identified various emotions that trigger delight, as well as human needs, traits and behaviors associated with delightful experiences, and features of the service experience commonly related to delight. On the basis of these findings, the researchers have developed an instrument to measure customer delight.,The proposed instrument enables managers to measure customer delight in various service settings. Measuring and attaining higher levels of customer delight can help generate greater loyalty as compared to customer satisfaction.,The authors unify the conceptualization and measurement of customer delight and create a new instrument to measure the construct. Similarities and debates in the past research are identified, and directions for the future of customer delight are presented. Future studies can further test and validate the presented instrument in various service industries.


Municipal water systems are dealing with increasing regulatory compliance costs, aging infrastructure and declining government support. The hypothesized negative effect on financial capacity is assumed to be greatest for rural water systems that have to meet the same quality standards, but with higher marginal service costs and a lower revenue base. This paper examines whether regulatory changes that occurred in the drinking water industry in Nova Scotia in 1995 had negative repercussions on the financial capacity of four rural water suppliers in the Annapolis Valley. The extent of the impacts varies across the four water systems.


In order to meet the need of network monitor real time requirement and high performance in muti-connection,a single-tasking Web server Boa is introduced.The process of transplanting boa on BF561EVB-V2 platform which is running uClinux operation system is discussed and implement some simple functions of network monitor.Through amending Boa some parameters make it enhance speed of response,increase input and output memory,enhance speed of transferring the image,enhance some functions of function make it more easier run on embedded system.In order to realize the transplant of Boa,its path and inner files must be modified,so that the time of exploitation and unnecessary memory waste can be decreased.The network interface of HTTP protocol for users by building an embedded web server is provided.An example of network monitor system on B/S model is presented through CGI technology.


Abstract Several chromatographic e.g. HPTLC, HPLC, etc. methods have been published in the literature for the separation, after sufficient pretreatment, of derivatized or non-derivatized glycolipid samples. Our task is the extraction, isolation and separation of the glycolipids from different blood elements, followed by suitable fractionation methods, giving the lipid classes in sufficient purity and quantity for HPLC, HPTLC and OPTLC measurements and possibly further biochemical use. We show the differences between the procedures commonly used and that developed in our laboratory. The advantage of our method, which employs 3 cm long Brownlee Labs HPLC cartridges, is that it can be automated, it gives class fractionation of the lipid samples and as it is hardware compatible with HPLC equipment it can be used directly in a coupled column system for on line separation in the individual class. The development of this column coupling method for the fractionation of a given lipid class from the total lipid ext...


Background: The purpose of this study was to explore the association of placental microcirculation with the risk of preeclampsia using superb micro-vascular imaging (SMI).Methods: A case-control study was conducted in 2017 with 38 healthy pregnant women and 37 women with preeclampsia from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Hebei General Hospital. The vessel counts per unit area (n/cm2) and the hemodynamic parameters of the central part of the placenta microartery, including the pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI), peak systolic velocity and diastolic velocity ratio (S/D), and time average velocity (TAV), were evaluated using superb micro-vascular imaging (SMI). The expression of CD34 in the placental tissue and the microvessel density were also calculated.Results: The mean ages of women in the case and control groups were 31.43 and 31.24 years, respectively. Crude analyses indicated that women with preeclampsia were associated with a lower TAV (p<0.001) and vessel counts per unit area (p<0.001), whereas no significant differences were found between groups for PI (p=0.849), RI (p=0.069), and S/D (p=0.129) under SMI. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that RI (OR: 309.94; 95%CI: 2.97-32369.62; p=0.016), TAV (OR: 0.51; 95%CI: 0.36-0.71; p<0.001), and vessel counts per unit area (OR: 0.01; 95%CI: 0.00-0.86; p=0.042) under SMI were associated with the risk of preeclampsia, whereas PI (OR: 0.05; 95%CI: 0.00-1.34; p=0.074) and S/D (OR: 1.08; 95%CI: 0.39-2.96; p=0.885) under SMI were not associated with the risk of preeclampsia. Finally, the microvessel density of placental tissue in the preeclampsia group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p<0.001).Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that RI, TAV, and vessel counts per unit area under SMI could reflect placental microcirculation in pregnant women with preeclampsia.


An extension of the open education resource (OER) and open course ware (OCW) movement, massive open online courses (MOOCs) have changed the education landscape. MOOCs offer free courses from reputed universities to learners across the world. Despite immense popularity and universal adoption, very little is known about what constitutes MOOC success and effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing MOOC success by developing a model named the learner satisfaction model for MOOCs (LSMM). The model was empirically tested through a cross-sectional research design. Primary data were collected using purposive sampling from 227 respondents in India. The partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) technique was used for testing the hypothesized relationships. The outcomes demonstrated that MOOC system usage significantly influenced the user satisfaction of MOOC learners. Also, the learner experience positively influenced MOOC system usage and satisfaction. However, it was observed that system quality influenced satisfaction but did not impact usage, and information quality had no impact on system use and satisfaction. Although the study has limited generalizability, the findings will help the MOOC platform providers, facilitators, and other stakeholders to design and implement the MOOCs in such a way to enhance their success and effectiveness.


We propose a novel semi-empirical approach for mapping the performance of InP quantum dots passively monolithic two-section mode-locked lasers (MLLs). A prediction of the mode-locking regimes for varying reverse-bias conditions and saturable absorber to gain section length ratios has been determined for 3mm InP MLLs.


Gallstone disease is one of the major surgical problems in the population; it is probably related to diet, especially excessive consumption of meat. The objective of this study was to determine the quantitative analysis of chemical composition of gallbladder stones cholecystectomised patients. The chemical composition of gallstones from 40 patients (8 males and 32 females) was analyzed. This is a prospective study held in Baquba teaching hospital in the period from 1/10/2012 to 1/1/2013 in which we collected the gallstones for the patients who were performed cholecystectomy for them whether open or laparoscopic. The stones were classified according to their chemical composition as a mixed stones (MS), and examined using stone analysis set (chemical qualitative method) of calcium, magnesium, phosphate, uric acid and oxalate which was used reagent for qualitative determination of main individual components of stones. The results of this study showed the highest incidence of gallstones in the age group 40-49 was 13 cases followed by 11, 8 and 4 cases for age groups 30-39, 50-59, 20-29 and 60-more out of 40 cases respectively. The chemical analysis showed the majority of gallstone were mixed, 37 gallstones contain calcium followed by 31 cases had uric acid, 32 stones contain magnesium, 21 and 32 stones contain oxalate and phosphate respectively. Majority of gallbladder stones showed +2 of chemicals concentration composition for each chemical. 10(25%) gallstones compose of five chemicals, 15(37.5%) gallstones composed of four chemicals, 11(27.5%) gallstones composed of three chemicals 3(7.5%) gallstones composed of two chemicals and only one (2.5%) gallstone composed of one chemical. In conclusion, majority of cases had mixed gallstones that involved five and four of inorganic chemicals of calcium, magnesium and phosphate, highest incidence of gallstones in age group 40-49 years old were 13 cases.


Abstract This article reads the recent surf documentary Bra Boys as a challenge to contemporary discourses on belonging and citizenship that have called upon settler Australians to witness to the testimony of the socially and politically marginalised. Over the past two decades settler Australians have been repeatedly 'unsettled' by testimony. The voices of Australian Indigenous peoples, struggling migrants, and more recently, disenfranchised asylum seekers, have received unprecedented attention in the public sphere, disrupting comfortable stories of white belonging. Within this sea of 'new voices', Bra Boys draws upon the seductive power of the iconic battler trope to advance a testimonial narrative of triumph over adversity. The film invites the viewer to take pleasure in the reproduction of white victimhood and re-position the white, socially-disadvantaged male at the centre of national narratives of belonging. In doing so, Bra Boys demonstrates the extent to which the testimonial voice, the voice that stakes a claim for truth and authenticity, can continue to be used to reinforce existing relations of power.


Short message service (SMS) is a technology that can use mobile devices to send and receive text message, with wide coverage area, high popularity, high reliability, low expenditure, easy development and other characteristics. Using GSM module or short message platform of network, short messages can be sent and received between the computer and the mobile terminal. This paper has designed and realized a set of remote computer supervisory system based on SMS communication. The paper elaborates the communication means, hardware and software structure of the system and the working process of the software. The system has good application prospect in some domains, such as remote control, mobile control, miniature control, etc.


A semi-empirical NDDO MO method was applied to formyloxyl(HCOO) and acetoxyl(CH3COO) radicals in order to determine whether the ground-state electronic structure of the acyloxyl radical is of σ- or π-type. A σ-type state was found to be more stable than a π-type state over the entire range of values of the OCO angles of these radicals. This appears to be in agreement with the experimental facts which have been derived from the ESR spectra of several acyloxyl radicals.


To make things worse, Myers' trivial example addresses positive functional testing – evaluating a system with known inputs for desirable outputs. Security testing requires that functional testing be covered, for example by ensuring that an authorization mechanism grants or denies access where appropriate, in addition to testing for nonfunctional aspects of the system, a much less tractable test.


The Chough has been extinct as a resident bird in Cornwall, and therefore England, since 1973. The arrival of 2 in Cornwall in 1986 offered a rare opportunity to acquire valuable information about the requirements and behaviour of Choughs at the most southerly extreme of their original English range. It was not possible to study them during the summer and autumn of 1986 due to their presence being unreported. The study describes the latter part of their stay in Cornwall for over 10 weeks from November 1986 to January 1987. It is shown that sufficient elements of the Cornish countryside, particularly invertebrate food, exist to support Choughs but it cannot be claimed that this represents full long-term viability for breeding populations. The Choughs displayed good survival skills and coped well with adverse factors such as the agonistic attentions of Peregrines and larger corvids, and severe weather. Gapeworm infection was implicated in the death of one; the role of the earthworm both as a food source and...


Although the AfD is not, strictly speaking, an "eastern" party, its distinct electoral results in the two halves of Germany—underscored once again in the 2021 federal election—are something of a puzzle. In order to explain how and why the AfD performs better in eastern Germany than in western Germany, we analyze district-level results for the AfD vote, employing multiple regression models in order to find correlates with constituency vote share. We conclude that the only socio-demographic variable common to both eastern and western German AfD voters is their level of education. Significantly, we find that eastern AfD voters are both older and more economically secure than western German voters for the AfD.


Background: Children with pneumonia are often diagnosed in the emergency department based on clinical and/or radiographic findings. Many of these patients can be treated as outpatients. However, patients with severe pneumonia often require Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission and have significant morbidity. There is no published data to aide in rapid identification of children with severe pneumonia who require ICU admission.
Objectives: To identify clinical variables, laboratory and radiographic data that may predict the need for ICU admission.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of ED patients aged 0 to 18 years, admitted to a tertiary pediatric hospital with a diagnosis of severe pneumonia between 2002 and 2007 was performed. Severe pneumonia was defined as: empyema and/or pleural effusion. Patients were assigned into two cohorts: 1) admitted to the ICU and 2) admitted to general inpatient unit. Patients with significant past medical history were excluded. Demographic information, signs, symptoms, laboratory, and radiographic data were collected and compared. The Student t-test was used to compare the means for continuous variables and Chi Square for categorical variables.
Results: Patients admitted to ICU (n=113) had similar symptoms compared with the non ICU admission group (n=180), however the ICU cohort presented with a more acute onset of illness with significantly fewer days of fever and cough prior to presentation. They were also significantly more tachypenic and tachycardic on presentation. Laboratory analysis found the ICU patients had significantly greater bandemia with mean band count of 20.4 (95% CI 17.0, 23.8) compared to 11.8, (95% CI 9.8, 13.7). The general inpatient pneumonia patients had significantly higher mean platelet counts at 389 (95% CI 364,414) versus the ICU patients at 304 (95% CI 276, 332) as well as ESR values at 79 (95% CI 73, 85) versus the ICU patients at 58 (95% CI 49, 67).
Conclusions: This data suggest that children with severe pneumonia with rapid illness onset and bandemia are at higher risk for ICU admission. More insidious onset, elevated platelet counts and ESR may predict a more stable course of illness. Continued analysis of these variables may be helpful in constructing a diagnostic algorithm for pediatric pneumonia patients at presentation, facilitating earlier detection, treatment, and appropriate in-patient disposition.


Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines (CEQGs) are nationally endorsed science-based benchmarks for the quality of atmospheric, aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. As national indicators of environmental quality, CEQGs are intended to protect, sustain and enhance the quality of the Canadian environment and its many beneficial uses. Continuous pressure is put on guideline development processes to reflect the current "state of the science" as guidelines are often the basis for decisions that can be costly in relation to the environmental benefits gained. The Canadian approach to guideline development has hence been to provide the most scientifically defensible mediabased (eg. sediment, water, soil and tissue) generic guidelines at a national level and to let jurisdictions adopt or modify these to account for their site-specific conditions. To assist in this capacity, the approach includes the provision of science-based implementation guidance concerning parameters (ie. biological, physical and chemical) and their interactions with other parameters in the environment. Fourteen scientific and technical areas have been identified as warranting further exploration and analysis in the derivation of environmental quality guidelines, particularly for the protection of aquatic life. In this paper we discuss seven scientific and technical areas. These are safety factors, probability analysis, bioavailability, background concentration, regression analysis (EC x ), mixtures and cumulative effects and guideline coherence. The discussion centres on techniques that have the greatest potential in reducing many of the uncertainties inherent in modern guideline development processes.


At the beginning of 2020, there has been the spread of the deadly Covid-19 virus to various countries resulted in a pandemic. Indonesia is one of the countries affected, so the government provides a policy that is expected to reduce the number of Covid-19 cases. The policy issued has drawn criticism from various parties, one of which is the cartoon mice comic, this comic is one of the comics that often comments on social life and the Indonesian government with its comic strips posted on Instagram. This study aims to find the image and role of the government depicted in mice cartoon comics in overcoming Covid-19 in Indonesia, therefore there is a need for analysis and research with descriptive methods and critical discourse analysis approaches to see how the image of the Indonesian government in comic mice cartoons. The results of the analysis of the two comics concluded that the image of the government displayed in the comic strip did not only come from the author's idea but also based on the news that emerged from the government's response to the spread of the Covid-19 virus in Indonesia, with an image style that was distinctive from mice cartoon comics. With this research, the researcher hopes that it can become a recommendation in making comic narratives, especially those discussing social life and government, and can be a reference for research that has the same object.


A dual-energy digital radiography(DR) method assisted by segmentation of single energy reconstruction image is proposed for material recognition in X-ray CT inspection systems.The effective atomic number and equivalent electron density distribution of the scanned objects can be reconstructed with this method.Compared to the conventional dual energy computed tomography(CT) technique,this method markedly reduces the amount of dual-energy detectors in the system of CT scanning,which shows its significance in application in the field of security inspection.


Disclosed is a system of controlling sleep and awakening of a server, which runs in a baseboard management controller (BMC) of a server. The system of controlling the sleep and the awakening of the server comprises a first receiving module, a sleep module, a second receiving module and an awakening module, wherein the first receiving module is used for receiving a sleep order from the BMC, the sleep module is used for responding to the sleep order and controlling the server to enter a sleep state, the second receiving module is used for receiving an awakening order from the BMC, and the awakening module is used for responding to the awakening order and awakening the server from the sleep state. The invention further provides a method of controlling the sleep and the awakening of the server. According to the system and the method of controlling the sleep and the awakening of the server, the server can be conveniently controlled to enter the sleep state and awaken from the sleep state.


Social Network Analysis (SNA) has been introduced to mainland China since the end of last century. Now it is a hot research field and can also be applied to study other disciplines as a research method or analysis tool. It is often stated that SNA research has experienced rapid growth in mainland China these years, but few studies have been conducted to prove the statement. This paper aims at exploring the research status and development of SNA in mainland China by a critical assessment of journal articles. Through selecting papers from China Academic Journals Full-text Database (CAJFD), a literature review is conducted to get an overview framework about SNA research both as a research object and a method in mainland China by bibliometric analysis and classification scheme based approach. Finally a discussion is made from the systematical data analysis, and an interesting finding is that the iSchool community in mainland China plays a leading role in the SNA related researches. Furthermore, some implications are put forward to explore how SNA can be applied to or fit with the IS-related disciplines or topics in the future.


INTRODUCTION In China, the regular use of tobacco by much of the population has brought great losses in both health and economy. This study used the framing-effect theory to explore people's preferences regarding message-framing for education about financial and health-related gains associated with smoking cessation in different areas of Shanghai, China. In particular, it attempts first to identify any influencing factors and offers some suggestions to improve the efficiency of education efforts regarding tobacco control. METHODS A message-framing field study was conducted in three districts in Shanghai that represent low-income, middle-income and high-income areas between June and August 2015, respectively. This study examines leaflets with a different message-framing (Health-Financial Framework) to ascertain the preferences of participants at the different locations. A total of 4650 participants were recruited and asked to complete a questionnaire. The z-test, chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS In low-income areas, participants were more inclined towards financial rather than health message-framing, especially in financial and health oriented locations. In the middle-income areas, participants preferred health message-framing, especially at hospital locations. In the high-income areas, health message-framing was preferred in health and neutral locations in comparison with financial locations. The type of area, location and household monthly income have an impact on participants' preference for message-framing. CONCLUSIONS Three suggestions are proposed for tobacco control health education in China: 1) Combine health education information design with the framing-effect theory to improve the effectiveness of information content, 2) Considering the impact of different types of area and location, different tobacco control health education strategies should be adopted to improve the efficiency of publicity, and 3) Targeted and personalized tobacco control health education strategies should be implemented among different audiences.


Abstract Experimental results on work W(ε), heat Q(ε) and stored energy U(ε) of deformation for glassy polymers such as linear PS, PC, PMMA, Polyimid, amorphous PET, thermotropic aromatic polyesters, Vectra™ for example, crosslinked epoxy are presented. All the data was obtained by a deformation calorimetry technique. Loading and unloading of samples were performed at room temperature with strain rate έ = 10-2 - 10-4 sec-1 under uniaxial compression up to engineering strains of εdef = 40-50%. During straining all polymers accumulate an excess of the latent energy U(ε). Elastic fraction of the energy is released completely at sample unloading and only residual Ures(ε) energy is conserved in samples. The latent energy Ures(ε) grows up to εdef =20-25% and levels off then. Shapes of the Ures(ε) curves are the same (S-shape) for all polymers. However, the saturation level is different for each polymer. The ratio U(ε)/W(ε) was also measured. It was found that at strains εdef < εy (εy - strain at the yield point) U(ε)/W(ε) ≈100%. I.e. all W is stored by sample in a form of U. The ratio decreases up to 60-30% for different polymers at higher strains. Release of the residual energy Ures (DSC measurements) and strain εres (thermally stimulated strain recovery technique) was measured for deformed and unloaded samples at heating. It was found that about 85-90% of Ures stored by samples is released in glassy state of polymers (below Tg). The Ures is related to a small fraction of εres, only to 7-10%. The rest of Ures and εres are recovered at the softening (devitrification) interval, around Tg. Computer modeling (molecular dynamics) of an isothermal shear deformation was performed for 2-dimentional two component atomic glass containing 500 Lennard-Jones particles of two different diameters. It was found that localized deformation events are of anelastic nature. The εan appears at early deformation stage in a form of localized shear events (transformations). Such events are nucleated in a sample and merged and united at later deformation stages, when concentration of the events becomes high enough. Finally, merged transformations form kind of shear band crossing entire sample. On the basis of experimental data and computer modeling the deformation mechanism for glassy polymers is proposed. The first stage of the process is the nucleation of "the carriers of non-elastic strain", anelastic shear transformations (ASTs). All these ASTs are energetically excited. The concentration of the ASTs is responsible for the amount of Ures(ε) stored by a sample. It is suggested that such nucleation is the rate-controlling step in non-elastic deformation of any non-covalent glass. Saturation of the stored energy is defined by the reaching the steady state regime in carrier's concentration. In this regime the rates of nucleation and termination (decrease of the stored local energy by AST) of carriers becomes equal. The termination proceeds spontaneously and easy (fast). The decrease of local energy of ASTs follows by local uncoiling of chains and by an appearance of new, extended chain conformers. However, such uncoiling is not the rate-controlling step for entire deformation process. Suggested mechanism very well describes all existing experimental facts. Deformation mechanisms for glasses seriously differ from that operating in rubbers and crystals.


. This article is devoted to filling the lexical gaps in the Uzbek language with of folk dialects. The proverb shows the norms and criteria for enriching lexical lacunae in modern Uzbek with dialectal word. The mechanisms of application of these criteria are explained by examples. The article pays special attention to the issue of enriching the gaps in the lexicon of literary language with dialectical words. Therefore, comments were made on the lexical spatial properties of the selected dialectical words. For example, it explains how dialectical words that correspond to a lexical lacuna meet language requirements. The possibilities of literaryization of these words and the negative and positive factors influencing them are also analyzed. The aspects of these factors that prevent dialectical words from becoming a literary linguistic unit are also described.


One Christian-Hippocratic position pertaining to the essentials of ethical medical practice has been unequivocal. There should be total separation between ?black and white? medicine as described through the pregnant admonition: ?do no harm.? Originally, the ?black? side of medicine could be summarized neatly by two activities proscribed within the body of the Hippocratic Oath itself, abortion and euthanasia (or assisted suicide). Unfortunately, as distance between the precepts of the Oath and the realities of contemporary practice diverged, the list of prohibitions arguably qualifying as harm have increased. For example, bacteriological weapons became a sinister reality through the cooperation of physicians, initially in the Japanese Empire.1 Service to nation superseded the tenets of Christian-Hippocratism and fatal harm was thereby visited upon countless persons. Physicians became patriots and soldiers first. Similar harms were accomplished with human research?performed by physicians again?in Nazi death camps. That was then, what about now? How broadly should ?harm? be defined in the context of the war on terror? The argument advanced here is that in contemporary, troubles times, it is imperative for physicians that harm be encompassed by the broadest of definitions.


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Photo courtesy of CDC

Hemolysis on a Trypticase soy agar plate containing 5% sheep's blood agar, showing γ-hemolytic (non-hemolytic) enterococcus (left wedge, formerly called group D streptococcus), weakly β-hemolytic group B streptococcus (middle wedge) and strongly β-


UCH of the research appeal of Myxomycetes derives from their unusual diplohaplontic life cycle. In heterothallic forms, such as certain isolates of Didymium iridis, both the haploid myxamoebal and diploid plasmodial stages can be perpetuated in separate cultures. Each uninucleate myxamoeba has the potential for dividing mitotically and for acting as a gamete. The plasmodial stage is obtained by crossing sexually compatible myxamoebal clones. Following a period of cell division, some myxamoebae undergo syngamy and give rise to zygotes. Through growth and nuclear divisions, each zygote is gradually converted into a macroscopic, multinucleate plasmodium. Meiosis occurs during differentiation from the plasmodial to the sporangial stage. Sporangia contain haploid spores, each of which germinates by releasing a single myxamoeba. The life cycle, which can be completed within ten days, is illustrated in Figure 1. In spite of the excellent research opportunities inherent in such a life cycle, genetic studies in the Myxomycetes were almost nonexistent prior to 1960. Probably the chief reason for this was that the Myxomycetes were generally assumed to be homothallic. Therefore, the ease with which the two generations can be separately manipulated for genetic studies was not appreciated. A review of the genetic literature of Myxomycetes up to 1960 is available (COLLINS 1961 ) . In addition, ALEXOPOULOS ( 1963) has presented a general review of all' myxomycete literature. The main purpose of this report is to present evidence for complementation between mutant clones carrying nonallelic, spontaneous mutations. Each mutation, when present in the doubly recessive condition, renders a plasmodium creamcolored as opposed to the wild-type brown color. (The myxamoebae themselves are, of course, colorless.) In D. iridis, complementation tests can be performed by heterozygosis as well as through diploid heterokaryosis. Up until now, the opportunity for comparing two kinds of complementation tests in the same organism has been largely restricted to certain filamentous fungi (i.e., Aspergillus). Such fungi, however, do not have a persistent diploid stage as a regular part of their life cycle, but do occasionally produce diploid mycelia. Moreover, heterokaryosis typically involves vegetative fusion of haploid mycelia, whereas in D. iridis it involves veqetative fusion of diploid plasmodia. In view of these facts, a second objective of this paper is to compare results from the two kinds of complementation tests in one organism.


Previously it was shown that the presence of negative‐norm states or negative‐frequency solutions is indispensable for a fully covariant quantization (Krein space quantization) of the minimally coupled free scalar field in de Sitter spacetime. This new method of quantization has been extended to free boson and spinor fields in Minkowski spacetime. The presence of unphysical negative‐frequency states plays the role of an automatic renormalization tool for the theory.


Summary form only given. Rugged equilibrium of electron plasmas seen in linear, cylindrical machines are unknown for toroidal traps from a theoretical standpoint, due to lack of invariants. Earlier experiments have successfully demonstrated equilibrium in toroidally continuous traps; however, breaking the toroidal symmetry to create a Penning-trap arrangement, has additional unknown consequences for the equilibrium. So a toroidal Penning trap has been created in a low aspect-ratio device to experimentally investigate the equilibrium, stability and confinement properties in such geometries. Electrons are injected along the field lines with a negatively biased thermionic source placed on a poloidal cross-section. Electrostatic confinement is achieved in the toroidal direction between the source and a negatively biased end-wall placed behind the source. The radial confinement is achieved by means of a pulsed toroidal magnetic field of few hundred Gauss. The trap has therefore an injection-hold-dump mechanism as in a linear penning trap, but the geometry retains the strong toroidal features, especially due to its unique low aspect ratio (R/a/spl sim/1.2.; R and a are major and minor radii respectively). Pressures are maintained at 10/sup -8/-10/sup -7/ torr. The parallel injection process has been studied and characterised for this geometry. Capacitive probes on inner and outer walls, as well as a charge collector on the end wall reveal a long lasting plasma, presently limited only by the duration of the B field (/spl sim/2 ms). Another interesting observation has been of very coherent, periodic oscillations on the wall probes. These are signatures of a k/sub /spl perp// mode-similar to the diocotron mode seen in linear machines-but with interesting toroidal features. The mode is non-linear and unstable, and the harmonics are very phase coherent. The frequency is typically around 100 kHz at 200 Gauss and changes with time. The growth rates of the instability have been found to be strongly dependent on neutral pressure and has a direct bearing on the confinement times too. Other things addressed in our experiments are the role of a resistive wall, role of ion-formation and the possible existence of a hollow profile - all likely candidates for driving the modes unstable. The end-wall, as a charge collector, allows us a new diagnostic to ascertain the lifetime and energy-distribution of such electron clouds in toroidal geometries, results of which will also be discussed.


We constructed a determination approach for the contents of luteoloside and chlorogenic acid in flowers and leaves from Lonicera japonica Thunb.with HPLC.Their compounds were completely separated under the conditions of Shim-pack ODS chromatographic column, gradient elution of Acetionitrile and 0.2% methanoic acid, flow rate of1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength of 350 nm.Results show that luteoloside content in the leaves of Yate,Italy and Jiufengyihao is 5.856,2.454 and 4.633 mg·g-1,much higher than that in their flowers.


Sources discovered by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite with spectra that rise steeply from 60 to 100 microns are a mixed sample of external galaxies, condensations in the interstellar medium, and potentially unknown astronomical objects. Sources in regions of low total H I column density (as determined with the all-sky 21-cm line surveys), and with no nearby cataloged external galaxy, were observed for presence of 20-cm continuum emission (with the NRAO VLA), enhanced 21-cm H I line emission (with the NAIC Arecibo 305 m), and molecular line emission (with the NRAO 12 m, HCRO 6 m, and FCRAO 14 m). Based on the CO detection rate, 70 percent of our sample are small interstellar molecular clouds. The remainder are mostly faint external galaxies. The dust column densities of the interstellar condensations were determined from the IR flux, using a spherical-cloud model for the radiative transfer of the interstellar radiation field (ISRF). The CO column densities were determined using the large-velocity-gradient model for the excitation and radiative transfer of the rotational transitions. About half of the interstellar sources have normal dust-to-gas ratios and ISRF heating. Sources with excess infrared emission, compared to the molecular column density, are protostellar candidates.


This paper compares the utopian dimension of the transhumanist movements, which advocate for a technological transformation of the human condition, with the utopian vision of those perspectives – recently popularized in France – that imagine an alternative society starting from the risk of a widespread collapse of our ways of life and production. Through the work of the French philosopher Paul Ricœur on social imaginaries, this paper looks at these two linked movements, their ideological dimension and their relationship with utopia. The main hypothesis is that the perspectives focusing on collapse could be effective in overcoming some contemporary ecological and social issues, whilst the transhumanist utopia could strengthen some of the present ideological contradictions. The transhumanist imaginary contributes in fact to preserve the dominant socio-economic balance and it lacks the critical approach that is key to utopia. On the contrary, the effort to imagine the collapse of our society could be the first step of a real utopian project, of the development of an alternative society, starting today.


Software ecosystems evolve through an active community of developers who contribute to projects within the ecosystem. However, development teams change over time, suggesting a potential impact on the evolution of the technical parts of the ecosystem. The impact of such modifications has been studied by previous works, but only temporary changes have been investigated, while the long-term effect of permanent changes has yet to be explored. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of the ecosystem of Ruby on Rails in GitHub in terms of such temporary and permanent changes of the development team. We use three viewpoints of the Rails ecosystem evolution to discuss our preliminary findings: (1) the base project; (2) the forks; and (3) the entire ecosystem containing both base project and forks.


In exploring the flight delay problem, traditional deep learning algorithms suffer from low accuracy and extreme computational complexity; therefore, the deep flight delay prediction algorithm is difficult to directly deploy to the mobile terminal. In this paper, a flight delay prediction model based on the lightweight network ECA-MobileNetV3 algorithm is proposed. The algorithm first preprocesses the data with real flight information and weather information. Then, in order to increase the accuracy of the model without increasing the computational complexity too much, feature extraction is performed using the lightweight ECA-MobileNetV3 algorithm with the addition of the Efficient Channel Attention mechanism. Finally, the flight delay classification prediction level is output via a Softmax classifier. In the experiments of single airport and airport cluster datasets, the optimal accuracy of the ECA-MobileNetV3 algorithm is 98.97% and 96.81%, the number of parameters is 0.33 million and 0.55 million, and the computational volume is 32.80 million and 60.44 million, respectively, which are better than the performance of the MobileNetV3 algorithm under the same conditions. The improved model can achieve a better balance between accuracy and computational complexity, which is more conducive mobility.


Academic Achievement in Schoolwide Title 1 Elementary Schools by Kelli Cronin MA, Walden University, 2007 BS, Black Hills State University, 2000 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University April 2017 Abstract Title I federal funds are provided to schools with high percentages of children from lowincome families to help ensure that all students meet academic standards. Despite this and other efforts by the federal government to assist low-income families with the problems associated with poverty, the minimum proficiency levels required by the No Child Left Behind Act have not been met by all students. Little research has been conducted to assess performance of South Dakota schools receiving federal funding under Title 1 to alleviate these deficits in academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Title 1 had an effect on low socioeconomic schools by determining if Schoolwide Title 1 elementary schools in South Dakota demonstrated significant student gains in math and reading as measured by state standardized assessments. This nonexperimental quantitative study, guided by Bourdieu's theory of social and cultural reproduction, used archived school report card data to examine standardized testing results in math and reading during the school years of 2008-2009 through 2012-2013 for the 48 elementary Schoolwide Title 1 schools in South Dakota having complete data for these years. The results of the one-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test indicated no significant difference over time on standardized test scores in Schoolwide Title 1 elementary schools for reading, but there was a significant increase for math. The positive social change implications include providing data to inform school and state administrators of the effect of Title 1 of the ESEA on student achievement, and the need to reevaluate Title 1 programs to improve student achievement.Title I federal funds are provided to schools with high percentages of children from lowincome families to help ensure that all students meet academic standards. Despite this and other efforts by the federal government to assist low-income families with the problems associated with poverty, the minimum proficiency levels required by the No Child Left Behind Act have not been met by all students. Little research has been conducted to assess performance of South Dakota schools receiving federal funding under Title 1 to alleviate these deficits in academic achievement. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Title 1 had an effect on low socioeconomic schools by determining if Schoolwide Title 1 elementary schools in South Dakota demonstrated significant student gains in math and reading as measured by state standardized assessments. This nonexperimental quantitative study, guided by Bourdieu's theory of social and cultural reproduction, used archived school report card data to examine standardized testing results in math and reading during the school years of 2008-2009 through 2012-2013 for the 48 elementary Schoolwide Title 1 schools in South Dakota having complete data for these years. The results of the one-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by a Bonferroni post hoc test indicated no significant difference over time on standardized test scores in Schoolwide Title 1 elementary schools for reading, but there was a significant increase for math. The positive social change implications include providing data to inform school and state administrators of the effect of Title 1 of the ESEA on student achievement, and the need to reevaluate Title 1 programs to improve student achievement. Academic Achievement in Schoolwide Title 1 Elementary Schools by Kelli Cronin MA, Walden University, 2007 BS, Black Hills State University, 2000 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Education Walden University April 2017 Dedication "With God, all things are possible." This study is dedicated to my family—there are a lot of them! If I didn't have them, I wouldn't be who I am today! Both the Cronins' and Nickels' are exceptional people and no matter where you are or what you may need someone will always be there for you! WHATEVER IT TAKES! To my daughter, Kayden, this is for you! I want you to always believe in yourself and when things get tough, may you have the strength and courage to overcome the toughness. Always remember our theme "Go Big or Go Home!" Although there will be times that you may want to "Go Home," always choose to "Go Big!" I hope that I have set an example of how you can accomplish anything that you set your mind to and work hard! You are my world! To Brandon, you make me a better person! To my parents, you supported me through this journey the whole way. Words cannot express how thankful I am for you and what you've taught me! To my brothers, Kevin and Kirby (and their families), anything is possible! Follow your dreams and don't let anything hold you back! In memory of my Grandpa and Grandma Nickels, the best role models a girl could be blessed with. Grandpa Cronin, for teaching me things I didn't even know you taught me until later in life. Grandma Cronin, for your love and wisdom that you always shared. Shane Cronin, you were taken from us way too early! Your dedication to what you loved will always be cherished! Acknowledgments Thank you to Dr. Babb for your high expectations and continuous support throughout this journey. I don't know of any other chair with the patience to stick with me for so many years! I don't know if I would have made it through this journey without your support. Thank you to Dr. McBroom who also stuck with me through many revisions with on-going support, and to Dr. Underwood who really made me think and pushed me to learn more through this process. To my first Texas family at Western Hills Primary, as this girl who moved from South Dakota right out of college with what fit into her Grand Am car to teach in Texas, and had no idea what she was getting herself into, she moved into the best family anyone could have ever wished for! God definitely placed me where I needed to be! To Orlena Whatley, you believed in me and gave me the courage and confidence to do more than I ever knew I could do. I thank you for "pushing" me when I doubted myself. You saw potential in me that I wouldn't have ever known I had.


Vaginal spermicides which have been used with success since as far back as the 19th century B.C. are still in popular use and demand with a reliability of 97% when optimally used putting it just behind combination oral hormonal contraceptives and a well-fitted diaphragm with jelly and on a par with the IUD the condom the recently banned sequential pill and a bit ahead of the "minipill." Only foam appears to be reliable in terms of dispersion when used by itself and is easy to use by itself. Problems with foams which still persist include proper instruction in their use which should be provided on the dispenser and the fact that it is often not available to minors from pharmacists without proof of age. No serious side effects have been recorded. Concern is still expressed over the safety of its use in pregnant women and the birth defect potential of damaged sperm although the latter is discounted. Foams are also proven as valuable killers of harmful bacteria and organisms associated with venereal diseases and other infections.


Operating cranes is challenging because payloads can experience large and dangerous oscillations. Anti-sway control of crane payload can be approached by the active methods, such as feedback control, or passive methods. The feedback control uses the feedback measurement of swing vibration to produce the command sent to a motor. The feedback control shows good effectiveness, but conflict with the actions of the human operator is a challenge of this method. The passive method uses the spring-damper to dissipate energy. The passive method does not cause conflict with the human operator but has limited performance. This paper presents the combination of two methods to overcome the disadvantages of each separate one. The passive method is used to improve the efficiency of the feedback method to avoid conflicts with the human operator. The effectiveness of the combination is simulated in a 2D crane model.


Manufacturers have been promoting new terminal concepts for several years. They claim more efficient operations, shorter handling times and lower costs compared to conventional operations. However, so far no new-generation terminals have been implemented, nor is there any intention yet to implement them. This is regrettable, because if new-generation terminal concepts can achieve what their designers claim, these terminals could significantly improve the competitiveness of intermodal transport. It is expected that new-generation terminals will perform particularly well in complex bundling networks such as hub and spoke, collection-distribution and line networks. A static-process analysis is used to evaluate the claimed terminal performances. The method incorporates the terminal function and the type of bundling network. Specific network situations have been defined for each type of bundling network. This study shows that the new concepts perform better than the reference terminal and shunting in complex bundling operations.


An upper limit for the accuracy of the measurement of a simple quantity which does not commute with a conserved quantity is obtained in terms of the "size" of the apparatus. The "size" of the apparatus is defined as the mean square value ${\ensuremath{\hbar}}^{2}{M}^{2}$ of the conserved quantity for the apparatus which is, in the example chosen, the $z$ component of the angular momentum. The measured quantity is the projection of a spin in a perpendicular direction. It is found that the probability of an unsuccessful measurement is at least $\frac{1}{8{M}^{2}}$.


As the application of language and culture is mutually dependent and influenced, the making of Chinese ambiguous figure of speech embodies profound ethical cultural legacy. Such traditional culture as system culture, morality culture, aesthetics culture and traditional literary conception is to provide the cultural background for the Chinese figure of speech.


Purpose:
The purpose of this paper is to review current literature and practices concerning the evaluation of a brand's resonance within brand relationships and communities; and the subsequent reciprocal effects experienced by those consumers and organisations involved. The aim is to both stimulate discussions and encourage further thinking - in a field where globalisation and cross-cultural interactions appear to be impacting on how brands are defined, perceived and consumed.

Design/methodology/approach:
Inductive reasoning and syllogisms, as a basis for conceptual metaphor theory and critical discourse analysis. Evidence gathered from structured and systematic literature reviews - supported by anecdotal evidence; personal observations and experience; and existing empirical data.

Research limitations/implications:
As this is a conceptual paper, it is limited at times by reviewing existing empirical data and having to draw from a wide range of cross-disciplinary sources.

Practical implications:
It is suggested that further empirical research in this field is required; in order to fill gaps in understanding, consolidate existing thinking, and devise additional theoretical frameworks. This would prove of benefit to both academics and practitioners alike.

Originality/value:
A new perspective is being proposed as to how a brand's value, its personality and resonance amongst consumers can be evaluated. From this, a new dimension is being added to the way in which brand value is perceived and subsequently communicated. Furthermore, it is felt that brand value calculations should be reflective of the more figurative and symbolic effects possessed by the brands themselves, which gift them unique and vertical success factors. The authors introduce two new terms into the field of branding: Brand Polytheism and Brand Worship – as dimensions housed within a paradigm that draws from Douglas B. Holt's cultural approach to branding.


T Wave Alternans as Predictor of Spontaneous VT. Introduction: We recently developed an ambulatory canine model of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia (VT) and sudden cardiac death by creating myocardial infarction, complete AV block, and infusion of nerve growth factor to the left stellate ganglion. Whether or not T wave alternans is associated with the spontaneously occurring episodes of VT in our model was unclear.


This paper investigates the loading behavior and soil-structure interaction associated with a floating stone column under rigid foundation by using the discrete element method (DEM). The aggregates and soft soil are simulated by particles with different sizes. The rigid foundation is simulated by two loading plates at the same position with the same velocity. The stress distributions and microscopic interaction between the column and soft soil are investigated. The vertical stress of the column increases with settlement and decreases with the depth. The position of the column with large radial stress also has large deformation, which decreases from top to bottom. The vertical and radial stresses of the soft soil increase with settlement, and the radial stress shows high value in the upper part of soft soil. The stress concentration ratio is obtained by two loading plates, which decreases from 2.5 to 1.55 during loading. The interaction between column and soft soil shows that the column does not penetrate into the underlying stratum but drags the surrounding soil down.


This work exploits modern techniques to resolve the effects of the onset of radiation damage in tungsten, candidate divertor material for the ITER nuclear fusion reactor. Nanoindentation is used to study grain-to-grain variation in the near-surface effects of hydrogen ion irradiation on mechanical properties. The signature of the damage threshold is found to be the elimination of the initially elastic response to loading observed in unirradiated tungsten, which occurs as a result of deuterium ion beam irradiation at energies as low as 800 eV. Classical molecular dynamics simulations of nanoindentation complement the experimental work and suggest that postulated vacancy-type point defects resulting from irradiation can effectively lower the threshold to nucleate dislocations in tungsten. Ab initio molecular dynamics illustrates the kinetic energy transfer from hydrogen to tungsten, mediated by an intermediate mass surface impurity species, and is verified by comparison with classical approaches to predicting radiation damage.


This article analyses the impact of the pivotal British Labour victory of 1945 within the larger continuum of reform over market and property relations in the postwar transatlantic political economy of the United States and Great Britain. Despite the seeming divergence of the American and British political economies after 1945 — one under the rubric of the regulatory reforms of the liberal Democratic party (1933–53), the other under the nationalizing reforms of the socialist Labour party (1945–51), respectively — the two nations, I argue, progressed in the long term along complementary stages of development conditioned by their own historical circumstances. These included not only the impact of the Depression and World War II on each society, but also the distinctive legacy and timing of British and American social reforms throughout the twentieth century.


A new microvascular flap from the plantar aspect of the second toe is described. The flat is usually cutaneous, but it may also include nerve and tendon. It is ideal for finger reconstruction and its use and versatility is illustrated in five cases.


This paper documents that the impact of the euro changeover in January 2002 on prices was not uniform across the 12 participating countries. There are countries where prices increased significantly, but there are also countries where price-setting behaviour during the changeover does not appear to be very different from other points in time. This paper argues that the above difference can be explained by looking at the way countries regulated price setting during the changeover, and that any impact of the changeover could have been avoided with appropriate regulations. The gap between the actual and the perceived impact is addressed and policy recommendations for future changeovers are provided


This paper presents a reconfigurable architecture of AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm. It has made a reconfigurable design of the operation module and the key expansion module which can supply all the three kinds of AES key length, and presented a structure optimization for the mixcolumn module. Then the design was validated and tested on FPGA, and a chip implementation using 0.18μm CMOS technology was done. The observed data throughput rate was 3.4Gb/s with a 270MHz clock.


Soil aggregate stability (SAS) is an indicator for soil condition and is greatly influenced by land use or land cover (LULC) type and other soil and environmental attributes. This study investigated the soil aggregate‐size distribution, SAS, aggregate‐associated organic carbon (AAOC) and the relative importance of factors affecting SAS and AAOC. Based on conditioned Latin hypercube sampling, soil aggregate samples were collected from the "A" horizon and wet sieved into large macroaggregates (>2.0 mm), small macroaggregates (0.25–2.0 mm), microaggregates (0.053–0.25 mm) and mineral fraction (<0.053 mm). The large macroaggregates accounted for 86% to 93% of the total aggregates under all LULC types except under dry land (64%) and paddy land (35%). The SAS under different LULC decreased in the order fir > shrubland > natural grassland > orchard > blue pine > broadleaf > mixed conifer > dry land > paddy land. The AAOC of the large macroaggregates constituted for 76%–90% of the total AAOC under all LULC types except under dry land (65%) and paddy land (38%). While SAS was largely influenced by the AAOC of small macroaggregates, microaggregates and large macroaggregates and LULC type, the AAOC of different aggregate fractions was mostly affected by LULC type, altitude and slope. SAS did not exhibit any significant relationship with the AAOC of different aggregate fractions under the natural LULC types but showed a strong relationship under the agricultural land indicating that AAOC is more critical for SAS under the agricultural land than under the natural LULC.


Small bowel obstruction most commonly occurs due to adhesions following abdominal surgery. While most cases resolve with nonoperative management, some require surgery. Delaying surgery increases hospital length of stay and mortality, especially in elderly patients. Identifying patients at higher risk for requiring surgical correction early may improve outcomes.

Researchers conducted a prospective observational …


This chapter presents a new model of emotional action that emphasizes an anticipatory control of emotional actions. It begins by reviewing existing hypotheses about a causal relationship between emotions and action. Then, findings and hypotheses of an ideomotor model are discussed about how an emotional action is learned, represented, activated, selected, and expressed. Finally, the model is applied to an analysis of emotional fight-and-flight behaviors.