The 73rd Amendment constitutes the Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI) as self-governing institutions, and as the third tier in the federal structure of India. From the financial perspective, the most important feature of this new constitutional provision is that it determines the pattern of devolution from the state to the PRIs in a manner similar to the constitutional provisions governing the devolution of financial resources from the center to the states. The Act empowers the gram panchayat to raise resources, through tax on land and building, fees and user charges. But the track record of panchayats to utilize such fiscal powers properly, has been very poor. Thus, internal resource generation of panchayats at all levels has been very poor. The receipts from all sources do not cover more than one-fifth of their total receipts. As a result, they are considered as totally dependent on the state. This paper examines the existing status of Panchayati Raj finances in West Bengal with reference to their composition and trends (both receipts and expenditure) and assesses the revenue mobilization effort of the PRIs on both tax and non-tax spheres. It also suggests measures to improve the financial administration of PRIs. Further, it focuses on some new sources of revenue, which could possibly be utilized by the PRIs in accordance with political will. This analysis mostly deals with the third tier of the PRIs, viz., the gram panchayats.


CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION I. I Background to the study 1.2 Purpose of the study 1.3 Assumptions guiding this paper CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Question I: How do people learn? .hmc 20!J5 2.1.1. How docs the brain process new inputs? 2.1 ;2. How do individuals extend and evolve their world view? 2.1.3. What is the di ff crence bt..1 ween memory and knowledge? 2.1.4. What is the Replicator Principle of information? 2.1.5. How is the transference of infonnation effected? 2.2 Question 2: Why is it important to understand the difference between brain and mind? 2.3 Questions 3: Can the connections between brain and --.--•-•·---:_ ._.:·1s:\--·-· 17 . 18 ,_ .. 22 · 24 28 ·. 30> \\. . ;,,··: -., eye movements be established? · )36 : .----2.4 Questions 4 : What have other researchers found out about questions and responses? · 39 2.5 Questions 5: Do questions generate eye movements? -. :45 -· 2.6 Question 6 : ts tht.'fe a connection between eye movements . . -_ •·· --_ and learning? -46 ·.2. 7 Questions 7: Can we draw any conclusions from this ~~icw?// : 46 CHAPTER 3: METHOVOLOGY 48 3. I Conceptual framework 48 ·3.2 Theoretical framework 51 3.3 Method of data collection -5 I . ,3.3. l Participants: Teachers ___ -_ -51 __ 188.8.131.52 The teacher's attitude and manner --52 · · -3.3 .1.2 The teacher's communication skills :. --___ --••.• --._-:•-••• < 52 -'


Asthma Weed (Euphorbia hirta Linn.) is an endemic plant species that is rich in phytochemicals which may offer potent cure for diseases especially in treating hyperglycemia. This experimental study was conducted to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic potency of Asthma Weed (Euphorbia hirta Linn.)leaves crude extract in blood glucose level of female white mice(Mus musculus). The major findings of the study were: (1) The mean blood glucose level of the female white mice before the experimental phase was "moderate."; (2) The blood glucose levels of female white mice (Mus musculus) among the treatments administered were all considered moderate; (3) The blood glucose levels of female white mice (Mus musculus) 30 and 60 minutes after the treatments had been administered were described as "moderate"; (4) There were no significant differences in the blood glucose levels of female white mice (Mus musculus) considering the different treatments; (5) There were no significant differences in the blood glucose levels of female white mice (Mus musculus) among the time intervals after the administration of the treatments; (6) There was a significant difference in the blood sugar levels of the female white mice (Mus musculus) before the experimental phase and 30 and 60 minutes after the treatments had been administered.Outcomes of the study highly recommend the following: (1) The Department of Health in linkage with the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Bureau of Plant Industry may substitute expensive commercial antihyperglycemic agents with Asthma Weed (Euphorbia hirta Linn.) leaves crude extract. In addition, this may encourage the agencies to plan out programs and projects to propagate the plant and produce capsules, tablets and solutions as an alternative medicinal drug of choice; (2) The pharmaceutical industries may be encouraged to isolate the bioactive compounds in Asthma Weed (Euphorbia hirta Linn.) leaves and to produce cheap but effective commercial drugs from these as an anti-hyperglycemic agent possibly even at the 50 μL dosage concentration; (3) The researcher is encouraged to work with the local chemists to pursue the processing of plant leaves in dry crude preparation and so to produce capsulated product subjected to the Bureau of Food and Drugs (BFAD) approval; (4) The community, especially the hyperglycemic individuals may be informed of the results and advised to try the use of Asthma Weed (Euphorbia hirta Linn.) leaves crude extract as an alternative and easily prepared medicinal plant for hyperglycemia; (5) Other researchers may be motivated to conduct assays on Asthma Weed (Euphorbia hirta Linn.) like its allergenicity, mutagenicity, and toxicity to evaluate possible adverse effects; (6) Dissemination of information, propagation of the plant species, linkage with concerned agencies that could facilitate in-depth and wide implementation of project plan about the medicinal significance of Asthma Weed (Euphorbia hirta Linn.) are also recommended; and, (7) The whole of Asthma Weed (Euphorbia hirta Linn.) plant can be further evaluated for its various phytochemical structures and medicinal applications. Further tests can be conducted in terms of its potential antioxidant activity, antibacterial and antiangiogenic property


There is an increasing trend of laparoscopy in pediatric urological practice with more complex and reconstructive procedures being performed in smaller children. The physiological impact of these procedures is not well documented in the pediatric literature and cannot be simply extrapolated from the adult data. This article reviews the current pediatric literature on the physiological effects of both transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopy. The clinical implication of these changes and the need for proper monitoring is stressed. As surgeons strive to stretch the indications of laparoscopy in pediatric urological practice, the overall beneficial effects of laparoscopy must be balanced with these potential hemodynamic and respiratory changes.


The poor performance of many African economies has been associated with low growth of exports in general and of manufacturing exports in particular. The two most successful countries in Africa have been Botswana and Mauritius. In Botswana, rapid export growth followed the discovery of diamonds; in Mauritius, manufacturing exports played a major role. In this paper we draw on both macro and micro evidence from nine African countries to investigate whether manufacturing exports are the key to success in Africa. We do this by posing three questions. First, how close is the link between export and income growth? Second, is there evidence from these African countries that manufactured exports have led to greater economic success? Third, what has limited the success of firms in the manufacturing sector? We argue that export and income growth are very closely linked. However, there is, for this sample of countries, no evidence that if their exports are manufactures, growth rates are higher. We show that the factors that limit the success of African manufacturing firms in exporting are their levels of efficiency and small size. We argue that the key to success in an area where Africa has a potential cost advantage -- labour-intensive garments -- is to enable large firms to use a more labour-intensive technology than is the case at present. Copyright 2003, Oxford University Press.


Abstract : The majority of work today relating to quantum computing has provided results that are almost incomprehensible to even the most advanced computer architect. This paper uses the recent research results of quantum mechanical logic as building blocks to derive a computer architecture based on quantum devices that is consistent with existing system architectures. The new and admittedly exotic nature of quantum computing notwithstanding, this work presents a quantum mechanical analog of a finite state machine which may be realized from a present day architectural framework. Existing architectures are finite state sequential machines with binary data representations, asynchronous combinatorial Boolean logic and synchronous memory. Synchronous combinatorial logic with a binary data representation and implementations of D, T and JK flip-flops, which are the primary forms of synchronous memory, are presented using quantum and near quantum devices. Even the issue of reliable operation of quantum devices is addressed by suggesting that redundancy and quantum majority logic could perform single error correction at key points within the quantum system. Quantum devices can be a step in the evolution of advanced computer architectures.


The cDlonosc じpe is widely emplc )yed for cure f a large intestinal disease. However , the medical accidents such as large illtcstines perforation by an irnmature doctor is stHl increase, because insertioll operation f the col 〔m 〔〕scope is highly skillful 、 To s 〔,lve this problem, We think that devel pment of a trailling device is cffective ,、Ve aim to verify whether the porcine iarge intestines are able to becume substitute as the hunユan large mtestines、 The tcnsile experiment and the punch


Summary While case-taking in homeopathy began as a drive to gather information, it has become much more. Augmented by skills from other disciplines, case-taking in contemporary homeopathy now emphasises sophisticated techniques borrowed from other disciplines. Understanding the historical development of this change and being able to identify the features in the landscape of case-taking assists students, graduates and practitioners identify their strengths and weaknesses, and tailor their skills for better results.


We have evaluated the accuracy of the J-shifting approximation to estimate reactant state-selected cross sections for the F+CH4 => HF+CH3 and F+CHD3 => HF+CD3/DF+CHD2 reactions. In particular, we analyzed how the rotational state of methane influences the quality of the approximation. The systems were considered in full dimensionality. Since full-quantum scattering calculations are still unfeasible for these reactions, we employed quasi-classical trajectories (QCT) to calculate the cross sections. The characteristics of the Born-Oppenheimer potential energy surface of these reactions pose a great challenge to the assumptions of the J-shifting approach. In spite of this, we found that it performs well for both reactions if the methane molecule is in the rotational ground state. On the other hand, when methane is rotationally excited, the approach affords good results for the F+CH4 system but clearly fails for F+CHD3. The reasons of this failure will be discussed and a simple procedure to recover good estimators for the cross sections from J=0 calculations will be introduced.


Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a major limitation for plant growth and development. Plants can respond defensively to this stress, modifying their metabolic pathways and root morphology, and this involves changes in their gene expression. To better understand the low P adaptive mechanism of crops, we conducted the comparative proteome analysis for proteins isolated from maize roots treated with 1000 μM (control) or 5 μM KH2PO4 for 17 days. The results showed that approximately 20% of detected proteins on 2‐DE gels were increased or decreased by two‐fold or more under phosphate (Pi) stress. We identified 106 differentially expressed proteins by MALDI‐TOF MS. Analysis of these P starvation responsive proteins suggested that they were involved in phytohormone biosynthesis, carbon and energy metabolisms, protein synthesis and fate, signal transduction, cell cycle, cellular organization, defense, secondary metabolism, etc. It could be concluded that they may play important roles in sensing the change of external Pi concentration and regulating complex adaptation activities for Pi deprivation to facilitate P homeostasis. Simultaneously, as a basic platform, the results would also be useful for the further characterization of gene function in plant P nutrition.


To determine if androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) is associated with excess cardiac‐specific mortality (CSM) in men with prostate cancer and no cardiovascular comorbidity, coronary artery disease risk factors, or congestive heart failure (CHF) or past myocardial infarction (MI).


Intravenous chemotherapy for children at home. It is becoming common practice for children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to receive the chemotherapy agent intravenous cytosine arabinoside (cytarabine, ara C), within the home. This practice is enabled by paediatric oncology outreach nurses based in a regional children's cancer centre and is administered by children's community nursing teams. This article discusses the role, development and audit of clinical practice guidelines relating to this work. An audit has found the guidelines to be a useful tool to inform clinical practice.


Over the last half-century, the foreign missionary movement from the West has attracted much academic scrutiny from historians of imperial encounters with indigenous peoples. More recently, scholar...


The object ive of this paper is to compare the effects o f individual and household characteristics and regional and industry-specific labour market indicators on individual wage rates and labour supply in the USA and the F R G . T h e main goal o f our empirical work is to provide a comparat ive microeconometr ic study where sample selection process, estimation procedure and identifying restrictions do not differ between both countries. M r o z ( 1 9 8 7 ) showed that estimation results o f labour supply models are rather sensitive to varying statistical assumptions and empirical specifications. T h e significant differences o f estimated labour supply parameters (see e.g. the survey o f Laisney et al., 1 9 9 2 a ) reflect this. Hence, our study offers the chance o f an inter-country comparison of labour supply parameters that is largely free of such effects. Tradit ional labour supply models do not explicitly take into account industryspecific or regional labour market conditions. T h e way we include regional and sectoral unemployment indicators in our empirical model is similar to the method suggested by H a m ( 1 9 8 6 ) . Because labour market conditions can influence labour supply indirectly


In ultra-thin-SOI MOSFET, especially in fully depleted operation, threshold voltage is strongly affected by SOI thickness in addition to dopant concentration. For instance, 5 % of tolerance is proposed in ITRS2001. This paper discusses the SOI thickness uniformity in various periods of undulations, especially focusing on ELTRAN SOI-Epi wafers, that is formed by bonding of epitaxial layer on porous Si, splitting, etching back of porous Si, and final Hz annealing to smooth the SOI surface.


In this paper we investigate whether research quality is significantly associated with university student mobility across Italian provinces. We analyze first university enrollments of students in 2010 and 2011, and relate them to several research quality indicators computed from large databases (such as ISI-Thompson and Google Scholar) and official administrative sources (Five-year Research Evaluation) using a gravity model. Our estimates show that improving research quality may be an important means to attenuate brain drain or alternatively to promote brain gain. Increasing the number of Google-Scholar publications per researcher by 1% in a province, for instance, would produce a 0.33% decrease in the number of local students enrolling in university in other provinces. JEL Classification I23


Brachylophus fasciatus (Brongniart 1800) is widely distributed throughout Fiji and Tonga Groups, though little is known about its abundance on different islands. Brachylophus vitiensis sp. nov. is described from Yaduataba Island (16? 50' S; 178? 20' E), Fiji. Since B. brevicephalus Avery and Tanner 1970 is here regarded as synonymous with B. fasciatus, the genus has until now been monotypic. B. vitiensis differs from B. fasciatus in several morphological features including larger size; longer spines on the nape; little sexual dimorphism; a differently shaped dewlap; narrower vertical bands on the body; pinkish-gold eye coloration; greater numbers of upper and lower labial scales; structure of the nostril scale; the greater color lability; whitish ventral coloration; and larger eggs and hatchlings. There are also ecological and behavioral differences. The new iguanine can change color rapidly from light green to jet black in less than five minutes, though reversal to green takes far longer. B. vitiensis is apparently more primitive than B. fasciatus, and shows more obvious affinities with other iguanine genera including Conolophus, Iguana and Cyclura. The ancestral form of Brachylophus probably arrived in the South Pacific from the Americas on rafts of floating vegetation on a course determined by the South Equatorial Curent. The presence in Fiji and Tonga of the Atlantic mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, is in line with this view.


The aim of this investigation was to carry out demineralization of permeate obtained after milk ultrafiltration up to levels of 60, 70 and 90% using electrodialysis on an industrial scale and to investigate the composition and physical properties of demineralized permeates and demineralized spray-dried permeate powders


Abstract Brain micropolarization has long been recognized as a therapeutic approach for the treatment of neurological disorders. In both neurological and psychiatric treatment, due to their functionality, noninvasive methods, such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS), transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES), and transcutaneous Vagal Nerve Stimulation (tVNS), are preferred. The above methods are registered for clinical use worldwide as adjuvant therapy for many neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, depression, brain stroke, vascular dementia, chronic pain, and others. Although SARS-CoV-2 is considered a respiratory pathogen, it also displays a potent neurotropism with neuropsychiatric consequences that may occur during the acute phase of infection or may be delayed even months after COVID-19 illness. People with long COVID conditions most commonly experience a 'brain fog', which is associated with cognitive deficits, concentration and memory disturbances, and headaches. Long-COVID may also include neuropsychiatric disorders such as dyssomnia, dementia, depression, or even psychosis. Neurological lesions have a multifactorial background and may be induced by the direct viral invasion of the neurons and glial cells, an inflammatory response with excessive cytokine reaction, or hypoxic injury due to respiratory impairment. Recently, as the COVID-19 pandemic continues, it has been suggested to implement brain neurostimulation for the treatment of neurological manifestations. However, until now there are only a few studies, including clinical trials, presenting the practical use of this method. Since no authorized strategies and standards for long-COVID treatment are developed, neurostimulation may be considered as a potential therapeutic tool for alleviating neurological symptoms in patients with long-COVID19. Materials and methods To identify relevant papers, we searched PubMed and Wiley Online Library databases using the following keywords: neurostimulation, long-COVID, brain fog, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. A literature search was based on the current articles describing neurostimulation and Long-COVID conditions. Aim This paper aims to present neurostimulation as a potential therapy to alleviate persistent and chronic neuro-symptoms in patients infected with SARS-CoV2.


Author presents own experience in diagnosis of abdominal surgical diseases in children. Emphasized aspect estimation of pain as main symptom of the disease. Discuss various types and forms of abdominal pain. Special attention gives to difficulties in diagnosis of appendicitis and intussusceptions.


The objective of this study is to investigate effects of different anvil back plates on heat dissipation velocity of the micro-friction stir welding (micro-FSW or) process. For this purpose, temperature field simulations are conducted for the micro-friction stir welding of AA5083-H323 aluminum alloy thin sheets by using the ceramic anvil back plate and conventional steel anvil back plate, respectively. Comparing the obtained two temperature fields, it is found that the ceramic anvil back plate significantly decreases the heat dissipation velocity of the micro-FSW process.


Certain passages from the second movement return. The mighty Angel appears, and above all the rainbow which crowns him (the rainbow: a symbol of peace, wisdom and of all sounding and luminous vibrations). In my dreams, I hear recognised chords and melodies, I see known colours and forms; then, after this transitory stage, I pass beyond reality and submit in ecstasy to a dizziness, a gyratory interlocking of superhuman sounds and colours. These swords of fire, these flows of blueorange lava, these sudden stars; this is the tumult of rainbows! This climactic movement is the only one in which contemplation is subordinated to the depiction of events in a definite sequence. The principal musical consequence is that the formal structure of the music acquires something of the teleological quality that we associate with the sonata principle in the Austro-German tradition. But Messiaen's own description of the form – 'variations of the first theme, separated by developments of the second' – makes it clear that his conception falls short of the dialectical interplay of themes and tonalities that post-Beethovenian sonata form frequently embodies. Nonetheless, the very idea of 'development' alerts us to something that distinguishes the treatment of themes in 'Fouillis d'arcs-en-ciel …' from, for example, the linkage through complementary aspects of plainsong between the melodic materials at ii /B:1–3 and D:1ff. in 'Vocalise …' (see pp. 29–31). Developments The comparison with the second movement is particularly germane because, as Messiaen makes clear, much of its material reappears here.


A press assembly is adapted to be used with a disposable stackable cup. According to the preferred embodiment, the press includes a filter. A resilient radially compressible support forms a seal is formed between the filter and the interior of the cup. A detachable rod is mounted to the support. The support is used to accommodate all radii of the cup. As the user presses down on the rod, the press assembly is pushed downward to the bottom of the vessel. The seal maintains continual and firm pressure on the inside surface of the vessel so that the pressurized liquid passes through the filter and the infusion substance is trapped.


Notwithstanding the increasing acknowledgment of prominence of Brand Loyalty (BL), in business performance, research efforts directed at investigating the relationship among Brand Service Quality (ServQ), Brand Experience (BE), Brand Trust (BT) and Brand Loyalty (BL) in the context of Kurdistan Region internet service industry, have largely been neglected. Therefore, the principal objective of this study is to fill this void. Service quality in this research is measured in two dimensions: technical and functional, while BE is measured in four dimensions: sensory, affective, intellectual, and behavioral. In particular, the current study seeks to explore the direct effects of Technical Service Quality (TQ) and Functional Service Quality (FQ) on consumer BE, BT and BL; and the mediating role of BE in brand service quality – brand trust relationship. Moreover, the direct impact of BT on BL along with the mediating role of BT in the BE-BL relationship will also be examined. To empirically test the posited research hypotheses, data is collected from internet consumers in Sulaymaniyah and Erbil provinces of the Kurdistan region in Iraq. In total, 485 internet users were interviewed in the region. The collected data were analyzed using IBM AMOS 23. Findings demonstrate that the Technical Quality of internet services impacts Brand Experience more positively than Functional Quality does. On the contrary, Functional Quality affects the customer Brand Trust directly while Technical Quality does not have any direct impact on the customer Brand Trust. Secondly, It is also observed that Brand Experience significantly mediates the relations between Technical Quality and Brand Trust. The direct impact of the Functional Quality on Brand Trust was stronger than the mediation effect of Brand Experience between Functional Quality and Brand Trust. It was observed that Brand Trust had a significant impact on customer Brand Loyalty. Lastly, Brand Trust significantly mediates the relations between Brand Experience and Brand Loyalty.


This article examines the role of truth and deception in social and political life and its implications for public administration. Because deception is a necessary part of social and political life, the pursuit of absolute truths poses significant dangers to political practices. However, without some commitment to truth in social and political life, the resulting nihilism also endangers political practices. Public administrators, in seeking truth, therefore, should pursue a middle path between moral virtue and moral realism that preserves the practice of politics, a middle path such as is offered in the writings of the Founders of the Constitution.


As the dispersed registering development makes during the latest decade, re-appropriating data to cloud organization for limit transforms into an engaging example, which benefits in sparing undertakings on generous data support and the board. In any case, since the redistributed distributed storage is not completely reliable, it raises the security worries on the best way to acknowledge information de-duplication in cloud while accomplishing trustworthiness evaluating. Right now, study the issue of uprightness reviewing and make sure about de-duplication on the cloud information. In particular, targeting accomplishing the two info honesty and the de-duplication in the cloud, we propose some two secure frame works, to be specific sec-cloud and sec-cloud+. sec-cloudhelps in presents a reviewing element with most upkeep of the Map-Reduce cloud, which assists customers with producing information about labels before the transferring just as review the trustworthiness of information having been just put away in cloud. The Contrasted and past work, the calculation by the client in Sec-Cloud is extraordinarily decreased during the record transferring and reviewing stages. Sec-Cloud is planned propelled by the way that clients consistently need to scramble their information before transferring, and empowers trustworthiness inspecting and make sure about de-duplication on encoded information.


It has described a simple spectrophotometric assay for the determination of total thiosulfinates in fresh garlic and garlic extract using Cysteine and DTNB. This method is very fast and sensitive.


Summary The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Signum 33 WG (boscalid + piraclostrobin), Vaxiplant SL (laminarin) and a suspension of the yeast-like fungus Aureobasidium pullulans in controlling of the development of Botrytis cinerea on strawberry leaves, flowers and fruits. The experiments were carried out in vivo on strawberry leaves, under controlled conditions on flowering strawberry plants, and on a two-year plantation of strawberries cultivar Senga Sengana. Vaxiplant SL limited severity of grey mould on infested leaves and flowers, similarly as Signum 33 WG treatments and foliar application of A. pullulans suspension. On the strawberry plantation, all tested products didn't show statistical differences in control of grey mould severity. The applied protective treatments had no also significant effect on the average marketable strawberry yield.


Researchers have long signalled the dynamic transformation of the information society, which has resulted in an increased interest in works belonging to the sphere of non-fiction, including literary reportage, over the past few years. This genre, on the borderline of journalism and literature, returns to the contem- porary humanity a sense of gnoseological certainty. The subject of this article is the texts of the "emperor" and founder of the Polish school of reportage Ryszard Kapuściński in their Ukrainian reception. This is the first attempt to examine the reception of the Polish reporter's texts by Ukrainians, taking into account the dynamics and factors influencing it. Starting from the 2000s and until now, have been published the translations of "Imperium", "Travels with Herodotus", "A Reporter's Self Portrait", "The Emperor. Shah of Shahs", "Another day of life" and finally "Ebony". Each of these reportages showed the peculiarity of the author's view of the world, whose basic aim was to sensitise his readers to all signs of otherness. Human dignity, reflection on difficult individual-society relations, identity problems, traumatic memory in various narratives about the Other, are the basic philosophical and ethical categories in Kapuściński's individual method of describing the contemporary world. By going beyond stereotypes, the Polish reporter, as seen by the Ukrainian audience, shapes the principles of intercultural dialogue as a way of getting to know oneself and others, expanding one's knowledge of the surrounding world and the values that remain unchanged regardless of historical cataclysms. A detailed emphasis in the article was placed on the reporter's view of his mission not only to feel the Other and experience something with him, but above all to bring him closer to us so that he ceases to be an Alien.


Novel silica-supported copper oxide catalysts have been prepared by impregnating silica with an aqueous solution of cupric acetate monohydrate, a typical binuclear copper complex. Binuclear copper(II) ions, mononuclear copper(II) ions and highly dispersed cupric oxide on the calcined samples have been characterized using e.s.r. and/or i.r. spectroscopy using acetic acid as a probe. Significant amounts of binuclear copper(II) ions were estimated on silica from the spin concentration of the e.s.r. signal. The rate of CO isotope equilibriation or CO oxidation with N2O is a function of the number of binuclear copper ions, indicating that this binuclear structure is responsible for both reactions. The importance of the hydroxyl group in anchoring the cupric acetate complex on silica is stressed, and a reaction mechanism for the oxidation of CO with N2O has been suggested on the basis of the binuclear structure of the copper ions.


ganization. Chicago, Illinois 60680: Rand McNally, 1967. Pp. xii+158. $2.95 paper. Beadle, George and Muriel. The Language of Life. An Introduction to the Science of Genetics. New York, New York 10017: Doubleday, 1967. Pp. xiv+258. $1.45. Berman, Louise M. From Thinking to Behaving. Practical Suggestions for Teaching. New York, New York 10027: Teachers College Press, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1967. Pp. xii+74. $1.60. Bohannan, Paul, and Plog, Fred (editors). Beyond the Frontier. Social Process and Cultural Change. American Museum Sourcebooks in Anthropology. New York, New York 10017: Doubleday, 1967. Pp. xviii+ 414. $2.50 paper, $6.96 cloth. Brearley, Molly, and Hitchfield, Elizabeth. A Guide to Reading Piaget. New York, New York 10016: Schocken Books, 1966. Pp. xiv+ 172. $4.50. Campbell, Jack K. Colonel Francis W. Parker:


In this paper we describe an aggregate model of Thermostatically Controlled Loads (TCLs) for Demand Response (DR) scheduling that, through a new approximation, makes explicit the dependency between the feasible control region and the time series of outdoor temperatures. In turn, the model can easily account for non-constant, stochastic temperatures during the control period, expressing the feasible load control through a set of linear equations and constraints with stochastic parameters. To highlight this feature we present a stochastic optimization formulation for the management of the DR-TCL and compare it with its deterministic counterpart, and with various equivalent models aimed at reducing the complexity of the constraints in the market optimization.


Face Space. In an abstract face space, an individual face is conceptualized as a point in a multidimensional space. The difference between two faces (obviously an important concept for much of face processing) is then represented by the distance between the two points corresponding to the two faces. Although not explicitly stated as such, the authors appear to provide two instantiations of an abstract face space which are the following. Psychological Face Space . A psychological face space is one in which the face representations are based on some form of behavioral data such as a set of similarity ratings among a set of faces—which can then be transformed into an actual face space via multidimensional scaling procedures. Such a process yields direct representations of perceptual similarity among faces. Physical Face Space . A physical face space is one whose dimensions are based on physical facial features or relations among facial features (which might be, for instance, ratio of face height to width, interocular distance, and so on). Physical face spaces begin with a set of images and use as fundamental data measures of physical attributes. In principle, one could use any set of physical attributes as the dimensions (e.g., one dimension could be nose length; another could be distance between the centers of the two pupils, and so on). In practice, however, the features are usually derived more abstractly using various forms of linear-systems analyses, the simplest of which is principal components analysis. Face Space Expanded in Subsequent Chapters. Obviously, the concept of a face space is a broad one. The reader interested in a more detailed analysis of different face-space types might be advised after reading Chapter 1 to take a brief detour to Chapter 9 ("Is All Face Processing Holistic?" by Cottrell, Dailey, Padgett, & Aldophs) where a kind of "metaspace of face spaces"— actually a space of potential face-space features—is provided in their Figure 1. In Chapters 2-6, numerous authors describe numerous uses of face space which provides a front end upon which other information-processing models can operate. In what follows, I'll attempt to hit the high points of the relevant chapters. Chapter 2 ("The Perfect Gestalt: Infinite Dimensional Riemannian Face Spaces and Other Aspects of Face Perception" by Townsend, Soloman, & Smith) is probably the most mathematically challenging treatment in the book. Essentially, it describes the usefulness of a kind of dimensional anchor point: conceptualizing each face in terms of a complete description of the face (hence the "infinite dimensions"). I will leave it to the ambitious reader to digest it (slowly) because I did not fully understand it, and I do not want to misrepresent it. Chapter 3 ("Face-Space Models of Face Recognition" by Valentine) brings the reader back to Planet Earth with elaborations of some of the basic face-space issues raised in Chapter 1 (one wonders why Chapter 3 didn't follow Chapter 1 directly. Such a scheme would, to this reviewer anyway, have made more organizational sense). Among many other topics, Valentine here introduces the notion of "distinctiveness" which, when viewed within the context of face space, forms another major theme to which subsequent chapter writers routinely return: For instance in Chapter 5, Busey shows how the cross-racial recognition effect (people recognize members of their own race better than members of other races; e.g., Malpass & Kravitz, 1969) can be couched within the notion of distinctive regions of face space. More generally, Valentine describes recognitionmemory effects both within the context of face space theories and, to some degree, within the context of alternative non face-space theories. Chapter 4 ("Predicting Similarity Ratings to Faces Using Physical Descriptions" by Steyvers & Busey) describes three methods for defining face features: geometric attributes (e.g., eye separation, mouth width), principal components, and the output of a system of gabor filters ("gabor jets") applied to various parts of the face. These features are then used as input to a connectionist model whose purpose is to reduce the number of face-space dimensions and ultimately to account for empirical similarity ratings among pairs of faces. Chapter 5 ("Formal Models of Familiarity and Memorability in Face Recognition' by Busey) takes up the sub-themes of face recognizability and distinctiveGEOFFREY R. LOFTUS REVIEW OF FACIAL COGNITION by WENGER & TOWNSEND (Eds.) 4 ness by connecting face spaces to a specific recognition sampling model (the SimSample model). As noted earlier, Busey is one of the few authors in this volume to actually tackle an important practical issue (the crossracial effect) within the context of a quantitative theory. Chapter 6 (Characterizing Perceptual Interactions in Face Identification Using Multidimensional Signal Detection Theory" by Thomas) provides a useful summary of Thomas's previous work on multidimensional signaldetection theory in the process of applying it to face perception. As one might expect, the application of multidimensional signal-detection theory to anythingspace and to face-space in particular makes for a harmonious fit. Chapters 7-9: The Holistic-Feature-by-Feature


Field and laboratory studies of the behavior of isothermal and hot oil spills on snow are described. Alberta crude oil spilled at 0° C is readily absorbed by snow and contaminates an area of about 0.01 square metres per litre. A hot oil spill melts a channel in the snow and flows along the ground under the snow contaminating an area of about 0.024 square metres per litre. There may be considerable spreading of the oil during thaw. The flow regimes by which oil permeates into snow and the clean-up implications are discussed.


Since the introduction of Bitcoin in 2008, the technology behind the digital currency, the blockchain has evolved into the next big thing. In 2017 Bitcoin was on everyone's mind and its value soared from $1,000 in January to $20,000 in December. Now the blockchain is compared to the Internet as the next ground-breaking technology, and many entrepreneurs and established tech companies are experimenting with it. During this frenzy, the blockchain has been dubbed as a trustless system, as it removes the need for trusted intermediaries. This thesis takes a critical stance on the notion of the blockchain being trustless and asks if it is truly trustless today; moreover, if it has the fundamental potential to be trustless. To answer these questions, this thesis reviews previous trust literature and use Luhmann's theory of functional equivalence to see if the blockchain has the same function as trust, and if so if it has the potential to substitute the need for trust. Therefore, this thesis has conducted interviews with experts in the Swedish blockchain community to understand what the function of the blockchain is. This thesis found that the blockchain is not trustless today, as trust is still put in the community's goodwill and competence. Moreover, this thesis concludes that blockchain is functionally equivalent to trust, but as the blockchain and trust are not entirely substitutable, the blockchain does not have the potential to become truly trustless.


Allied Transportation has produced accident prevention proposals in a variety of locations and environments in the UK, ranging from accident black spots to much safer roads. In its studies, the reduction of accident rates and casualties are the main objectives, but solutions which manage speed have been proposed at the most problematic sites. Measures include: traffic calming; education, training, and publicity (ETP); and enforcement campaigns. This paper discusses schemes where the speed limit was altered in three specific areas under the jurisdiction of Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council in England: (1) a city residential area; (2) an urban/suburban residential area on both sides of a radial route with heavy traffic; and (3) a predominantly rural area with small towns and villages. The benefits of speed limit reduction as a policy are discussed in relation to its coverage, cost, popularity, consistency, and environmental effects. Its disadvantages and limitations are discussed with respect to environmental effects, enforcement, effectiveness, and consistency. Conclusions reached include the following. Area accident reduction plans (ARPs) are better than isolated accident remedial schemes, but are long and need tight controls. Speed management has proved invaluable in achieving the aims of these area ARPs. For the covering abstract see IRRD E100685.


Reversible rearrangements have been studied. UV induced conversion of 1-phenyl-3a-R2-3,3а,8,8а-tetrahydro-3,8-(epiminomethano)cyclopenta[a]indene-2-carboxylates and -ethanones (i.e., cyclopentenes) leads to 4a-phenyl-4b-R2-1,2,4a,4b,8b,8c-hexahydro-2-azabenzo[a]cyclopropa[cd]azulene-4-carboxylates and -ethanones (i.e., vinylcyclopropanes). The reverse transformation of compounds with vinylcyclopropyl moiety into...


Eutectic compounds play an important role in the fabrication and packaging of devices with low thermal budgets. Taking low-cost polymers into account, eutectic soldering and eutectic bonding temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the aforementioned polymers, 150 °C and below, need to be met. In this regard, thermocompressive eutectic bonding processes of silicon integrated circuits by means of the binary eutectic compounds indium-tin and indium-bismuth were optimized with regard to least necessary thermal energy, and the feasibility thereof onto polycarbonate and poly(methyl methacrylate) substrates was investigated.


Mainly in the first part of COVID-19 pandemics, sodium hypochlorite was used as disinfectant, surprisingly also to spray over people. Several hazards may be associated to the production of this compound, such as chlorine gas toxicity and explosive hazards, due to the presence of hydrogen and chlorine, and corrosive hazards. Thus, loss prevention strategies must be ad-hoc developed to mitigate the risks. In the present work, the risk assessment of the first block of the process was performed, focusing the attention on chlorine risks. To this end, HAZOP analysis was first performed to identify the most critical top event, noticing the major issues in the quality of the final product and in the release of chlorine from pipes. Then, the fault tree analysis was built to calculate its failure rate. CFD simulations were used instead of empirical model to assess with a rigorous approach the chlorine dispersion, taking into account all the boundary conditions. In particular, by setting a hazardous chlorine concentration of 180 ppm corresponding to 50 % fatalities for chlorine exposition for an exposure of 60 min, results without aspiration demonstrate the possibility for the cloud to impact workers at ground level also very far from the source point, while the chlorine cloud is moved upwards with a maximum length of 6.5 m when an aspiration is used, although the air ventilation speed is kept low.


Natural hazards generate disasters and huge losses in several aspects, with landslides being one of the natural risks that have caused great impacts worldwide. The aim of this research was to explore a method based on machine learning to evaluate susceptibility to rotational landslides in an area near Cuenca city, Ecuador, which has a high incidence of these phenomena, mainly due to its environmental conditions, and in which, however, such studies are scarce. The implemented method consisted of an artificial neural network multilayer perceptron (ANN MLP), generated with the neuralnet R package, with which, by means of different backpropagation algorithms (RPROP+, RPROP−, SLR, SAG, and Backprop), five landslide susceptibility maps (LSMs) were generated for the study area. A landslide inventory updated to 2019 and 10 conditioning factors, mainly topographical, geological, land cover, and hydrological, were considered. The results obtained, which were validated through the AUC-ROC value and statistical parameters of precision, recall, accuracy, and F-Score, showed a good degree of adjustment and an acceptable predictive capacity. The resulting maps showed that the area has mostly sectors of moderate, high, and very high susceptibility, whose landslide occurrence percentages vary between approximately 63% and 80%. In this research, different variants of the backpropagation algorithm were implemented to verify which one gave the best results. With the implementation of additional methodologies and correct zoning, future analyses could be developed, contributing to adequate territorial planning and better disaster risk management in the area.


Everyone involved with lumber drying has been concerned at one time or another with drying degrade. It is an essential part of drying. A number of degrade test methods have been used. Most of the early ones were aimed at quantifying the absolute value of degrade and were based on grade-in versus grade-out comparisons. In 1971 a comparative method was developed at Weyerhaeuser. 1 It was developed to more accurately evaluate competing technologies, for example, different kiln schedules. It has and continues to be quite successful for this purpose. With this success, why then are we again discussing a degrade test method? The answer lies in the particular type of data needed. We were seeking data that could be used in an economic opportunity analysis and which could address the specific degrade causes. We also needed to gather quite a bit of data so the test method needed to be relatively simple. The existing methods all fell short of these objectives, although you will recognize much similarity. The remainder of this paper will describe a drying and surfacing degrade test method that was developed to accomplish the above objectives. The test method is a very flexible tool with much broader potential than drying degrade analysis. However, this paper will concentrate on drying degrade and will describe in lesser detail the other uses of the test method.


Source camera identification is the process of determining which camera or model has been used to capture an image. In recent years, there has been a rapid growth of research interest in the domain of forensics. In the current work, we describe our Deep Learning approach to the camera detection task of 10 cameras as a part of the Camera Model Identification Challenge hosted by Kaggle.com where our team finished 2nd out of 582 teams with the accuracy on the unseen data of 98%. Augmentations that allowed a stay robust against transformations. A number of experiments are carried out on datasets collected by organizers and scraped from the web.


This research develop the models of agency conflict with positioning of managerial ownership as intervening variable among dividend policy, debt policy and institutional ownership toward risk taking. Path analysis is used for running of 60 sample for manufacture companies that listed at Jakarta Stock Exchange in 1995-1996. Results indicate that managerial ownership has significant positive influence to risk taking, debt policy and institutional have significant negative influence to managerial ownership. So this mechanism can use as control device to mitigate the agency conflict. Inverse, result find that dividend policy is positive and significant to managerial ownership consequently, this mechanism can not mitigate the agency conflict. Finally results show that managerial ownership intervene the influence among debt policy and institutional ownership to risk talcing. Manager's decision must be focused to control the agency conflict for increasing value of the firm and stockholder's wealth fare.


Clay-dispersed nanocomposites have been prepared by simple melt-mixing of three components, i.e. poly (styrene co-acrylonitrile) copolymer (SAN), poly (-caprolactone ) (PCL), and an organophilic clay(Cloisite(R) 30A). In the present study, poly(-caprolactone) was added in the mixtures in order to facilitate the intercalation of SAN into the gallery of silicate layers, and the molecular weight effects of PCL on the dispersion of silicate layers were compared by changing the amount of added PCL. The degree of dispersion of 10--thick silicate layers of clay in the nanocomposites was investigated by using an X-ray diffractometer and a transmission electron microscope. It was found that PCL added in the mixture facilitate the intercalation of SAN copolymers into the galleries of silicate layers modified with an organic intercalant, resulting in the better dispersion of clay. It was, also, observed that the processing temperature influences the degree of clay dispersion.


In a keyboard instrument, the just scale may be closely approximated by setting up two equally tempered scales, one on the basis of A440.0, the other on the basis of A436.3, and mechanically selecting from them those frequencies which most nearly satisfy the appropriate ratios. Within one octave above middle C, no scale‐step is in error by more than 0.6 vibration per second. The keyboard is exactly the same as that now used, and the instrument is playable in equal temperament when the performer so desires.


A new and valuable analysis has been performed for the shuttle heat transfer in displacer-cylinder of cryocoolers, by including the oscillatory flow of gap fluid. When the displacer has a sinusoidal motion over the cylinder having a linear temperature gradient in the axial direction, the velocity and the temperature of the gap fluid and the two walls are mathematically solved as functions of time and space with the method of complex variables. The new expression for shuttle heat transfer is derived in a dimensionless form via the temperature variation of the displacer wall. It is rigorously proven that the most significant parameter is the Womersley number (Wo), which is the ratio of the inertial to the viscous forces in the oscillating fluid. Shuttle heat transfer from this analysis agrees very well with the existing results for relatively low Wo's, but shows a notable discrepancy for relatively high Wo's, because the fluid motion has not been consider in the existing analysis. The effect of the wall and fluid properties is also presented with the useful expression.


This guide contains a description of the variations found among the mires in central Norway. The main emphasis is on the hydromorphology, flora and vegetation, but the bird fauna and conservational aspects are also included. The regionality of the vegetation is stressed (5 zones/belts and 5 sections have been mapped). Nine main mire localities that will be visited during the excursion are also described. Rormyra (locality l), Kaldvassmyra (2) and Toppmyr/Rokmyr (9) are southern boreal mires with raised bog units. They represent three different (oceanic) sections. Tufsingdeltaet (3S,to rmyra (6) and Bakkedalen (8) are middleboreal mires representing some of the most continental areas in Norway (localities 5 and 6, the slightly continental section) and the most oceanic areas (locality 8, the highly oceanic section). Typical mire units are flark fens and sting mixed mires (5), flat fens (6) and blanket bogs (8). The final localities, Upper Forra (3), Solendet (4) and Haukskardmyrin (7), are mainly of northern boreal type but in quite different sections. Sloping fens dominate localities 3 and 4, palsa mires (the southernmost in Fennoscandia) are typical for locality 7. A complete list of vascular plant and Sphagna species, and some selected bryophytes are presented for 13 mire localities. The list numbers 490 taxa. A new phytogeographical (floristic) classification of 225 mire plants in southern Norway is presented. It includes 3 sub-groups of each of the 5 groups (elements) of species: western, southern, southeastem, eastern and alpine/upper boreal.


Suaeda puertopenascoa, a new perennial species endemic to estuatine wetlands in northwestern Sonora, Mexico, belongs to Sect. Heterosperma. Distinctive characteristics include opposite branches and leaves, three flowers per dichasium, perianth lobes that are fused into a basal disk with horizontal thickenings or wings, and large brown seeds averaging 2.5 mm wide. In the vicinity of Puerto Penasco, it grows in low marsh habitats, whereas S. esteroa grows in upper marsh habitats and S. moquinii occurs along the margins of the marsh and in upland sandy habitats and saline-alkali wetlands of the adjacent desert region.


A novel and highly-efficient N-Heterocycle assembly methodology has been established catalyzed by a cobalt-N,N-bidentate complex. The cobalt complex is unprecedented, phosphine-free and easily-prepared, which is demonstrated in the synthesis of...


A technique for developing e-learning grid services is presented in this paper, which adds to the current Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA) certain facilities for ontology accessing. We consider services for developing a user competence profile by referring to domain ontologies to express competences, and also services for learning objects' ontology-based annotation. To specify the resources and services stored by a grid system, the existing semantic web models, languages and technologies are considered. This approach enables an improvement of personalisation services.


The main parameters of cavitation processing technology environments is the speed of sound in a cavitation medium pressure, the duration, size: cavitation region, bubbles and core. The most successful use of ultrasound associated with handling liquid media, because in them the phenomenon of ultrasonic cavitation, which is an effective mechanism for concentration of energy of sound waves in the low-density high energy density, which is caused by pulsations and cavitation bubbles popping. An important component in ensuring an effective process of cavitation treatment process fluids is to calculate the ultrasonic technological devices that hold for precavitational mode with the following specification obtained by previous studies. However, reliable results associated with the methods of measuring the velocity of ultrasonic waves in a developed cavitation because it is a part of almost all the defining parameters of ultrasonic cavitation processing technology environments. Measuring the velocity of ultrasonic waves carried pulse, optical, amplitude-phase methods. Pulse methods have a wider dynamic range, measurement accuracy independent of the distance between the transmitter and the object opportunity emitter distance from the subject a considerable distance. Amplitude-phase methods require extended frequency band transceiver emitting element and amplifier path that reduces security and selectivity. Frequency and phase methods have the narrow bandwidth receiving radiating path that provides good value energy radiated and received signals, high noise immunity. Is an effective method for determining the rate for power characteristics, the essence of which is to determine the energy flux density and energy density relative to the ultrasound field. It has been found that the accuracy of measuring the speed of sound depends on whether it should receive the absolute value or relative value can restrict the speed of sound when changing any external parameters. Absolute measurement accuracy is about 10 -5 , while the relative change as accuracy is much higher, it reaches the order of 10 -7 . The choice of measurement due to the conditions of the experiment. The essential difference in the numerical values of the speed, complicates the acceptance of an opinion on the actual numerical value of speed and requires more informed research in determining the accepted assumptions and preconditions in the formulation and conduct research.


In block caving mining, an undercut must be extended until its hydraulic radius reaches a critical value to allow cave initiation. In this process, caving propagates as a response of the rock mass to stress changes or gravity effects, while broken ore is drawn. Even though research has attempted to understand caving mechanisms (Bucky 1956, Mahtab & Dixon 1976, Panek 1981, Duplancic 2001, Brown 2002), there is still uncertainty about the caving process itself. One of the main reasons why caving geomechanics is not well understood is because it is not possible to enter a cave to measure the rock mass parameters involved in the caving process. The caving process is also a complex and open system. Consequently, there is no single solution to represent one particular case, since many combinations of parameters could result in the same rock mass response. Caving geomechanics is also a typical example of rock mechanics being a data limited problem (Starfield & Cundall 1988). Although the problem of caving geomechanics cannot be entirely physically described, it is critical to make stepwise advances towards its understanding.


The morphology-dependent behavior of nanomaterials under high pressure has always been a research hotspot due to its great importance in materials science and physical science fields. Here, we performed in...


Cu-Pd supported on active carbon (AC), in which Cu/Pd ratio is strictly controlled, is an excellent catalyst for selective hydrogenation of NO 3 - to harmless products in the presence of H 2 at low partial pressure. 3.6wt% Cu; 2.0wt% Pd/AC, coupled with another Pd/AC catalyst, showed high selectivity to N 2 (98% at 298 K), while suppressing NH 3 production (2% selectivity, 0.5 from 100ppm of NO 3 - ). Modification of the Cu-Pd/AC catalyst with PTFE results in further enhancement; the activity more than tripled, while suppression of NH 3 production was retained.


As-deposited [Co/Pt] multilayers show strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and spin-orbit torque (SOT). However, such structures require properly textured Pt (111) seed layers and optimized interlayer Pt thicknesses in order to maximise both PMA and SOT efficiency. In this work, the interplay of seed and interlayer Pt thickness on PMA and SOT efficiency in Ta/Pt/[Co/Pt]3/Co/Ta multilayers was studied. Using the harmonic lock-in method, the SOT damping- and field-like efficiencies were determined, with corrections for current shunting as well as the planar Hall effect. Our measurements show that the corrected effective SOT efficiencies are at least twice as large as the uncorrected values, with damping-like efficiency of up to ∼22 Oe per 1010 A m−2, which scales inversely with the Pt seed and interlayer thicknesses due to screening of the spin current originating from the high-resistivity bottom β -Ta layer. The choice of Pt seed and interlayer thicknesses is a compromise between PMA and SOT efficiency of the device.


This paper presents a general 3D shape grammar interpreter named GRAMATICA and illustrates its use for the implementation of several shape grammars, including the one used in the design module of a specifi c shape grammar for mass-customized housing, called DESIGNA. The underlying shape representation, generation and control are discussed. The resulting shape grammar interpreter tries to support designers' ways of thinking and working by acting as a bridge between shape grammars, the formalism that captures a design process, and a CAD application, for post-processing the computed design. This bridge is implemented by Rosetta, which ensures portability among different CAD applications.


(54) X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY FOR CONTAINER 5,638,420 A 6/1997 Armistead INSPECTION 5,838,759 A 11/1998 Armistead 6,058,158 A 5, 2000 Eiler ck (75) Inventors: Jonathan I. Katz, Clayton, MO (US); E. f 1399. Stins et al. ................ 378.90 Christopher L. Morris, Los Alamos, 6542,574 B2 4/2003 Grodzins NM (US) 6,552,346 B2 4/2003 Verbinski et al. 6,778,631 B2 8, 2004 Franke (73) Assignee: The United States of America as 85.7 R: s: Ea th w O. ca. represented by the United States 7,379,530 B2 * 5/2008 Hoffet al. ....................... 37.8/57 Department of Energy, Washington, 2006/0193434 A1 8/2006 Green


The consensus among mainstream historians and archaeologists ‒ that is, among those scholars with no extraneous agendas to serve ‒ in respect of the history of ancient Israel has shifted dramatical...


This 1990 study screened all patients in continuing care geriatric beds in a London Health District for psychiatric morbidity and physical dependency. The sample was followed up after one year. Nearly half the patients were dead at follow up a higher mortality than in private nursing home beds, probably due to a more severely ill/disabled population. Dementia, physical dependency and depression, as measured by the depressive signs score (DSS), were associated with mortality but after further analysis to partial out independent effects, the DSS was the only significant predictor of mortality.


The study illustrates the use of means-end chain analysis in sharpening of segment for advertising to influence social behaviour. MECCAs model has been used to develop the ad strategy.


In this paper we address the problem of optimal data gathering in wireless sensor networks (WSN). The goal of this work is to develop algorithms and techniques in order to minimize the data delivery latency and at the same time balance the energy consumption among the nodes, so as to maximize the network lifetime. Following an incremental-complexity approach, several mathematical programming problems are proposed with focus on different network aspects. First, the static routing problem is formulated for large and dense WSNs. Then, an accurate network model is proposed that captures the tradeoff between the data delivery latency and the network energy consumption by modeling the interactions among the routing, medium access control and physical layers. Finally, we consider dynamic rerouting and scheduling. For each problem we provide extensive simulations results for reference scenarios. The proposed models provide a deeper insight into the problem of timely and energy efficient data gathering. Along with the simulation results reported here they provide useful guidelines for the design of effective WSNs.


An attempt ismadetoperforme on-line change detection given sequential datafroman unknownnonlinear system. Thealgorithm sequentially estimates theprobability ofoccurrence ofachange within a Bayesian framework. The implementation isdoneviaSequential MonteCarlo (SMC). The proposed scheme istested against twospecific examples. Keywords-on-line change detection, sequential MonteCarlo, on-line Bayes, nonlinear system


Inspired by the recent near-threshold photoproduction measurements, we discuss gluon gravitational form factors (GFFs) and internal properties of the proton. This work presents a complete analysis of the proton gluon GFFs connecting the gluon part of the energy-momentum tensor and the heavy quarkonium photoproduction. In particular, a global fitting of the differential and total cross section experimental data is used to determine the gluon GFFs as functions of the squared momentum transfer t. Combined with the quark contributions to the D-term form factor extracted from the deeply virtual Compton scattering experiment, the total D-term is obtained to investigate their applications in describing the proton mechanical properties. These studies provide a unique perspective on investigating the proton gluon GFFs and important information for enhancing QCD constraints on the gluon GFFs.


The use of weather forecasts for emergency management decision‐making requires that those making decisions have access to information they can understand and can put into operation in a timely manner. This can create a gap between what emergency management decision‐makers need and what is available. Using school decision‐making under conditions of severe winter weather in North Carolina as a case study, this project traces decision‐making processes and use of weather information to identify the nature of these gaps and to test prototypes that might fill those gaps. A mixed methods approach including focus groups, interviews and surveys provided an evaluation of the critical decisions and specific information needs of this group of decision‐makers. All these methods collect information from a variety of sources, including on‐line forecasts, conversations with other school districts and riding the roads to check conditions. The findings suggest that some of the needed forecast information is available, but is either misinterpreted or school officials were not aware of its existence. Location‐specific and time‐sensitive information is crucial. By delving into the decision‐making processes, including needs and networks, and by developing prototypes to address the needs, the results provide a step in the direction of enhancing the infusion of weather and climate information into severe weather decision processes.


Tasks and platforms are defined in the case of joint campaign,on which mathematical description about campaign scheduling is given.For solving the problem of campaign scheduling,a new approach-multiPRI list dynamic scheduling(MPLDS) algorithm is advanced,with which vector distance between vectors of platform capability and task resource requirements is defined and a new search strategy is adopted.Results and compute complexities from MPLDS algorithms and traditional MDLS algorithms to solve our case are analyzed and compared.


Objective:To provide the anatomy basis for transplantation of nerve pedicle and tenioid vessel. Methods: To observe the main blood vessel of gracilis muscle, origin of nerve, length of vessel pedical and their location. Results: The main blood vessel of gracilis muscle onseted on deep femoral artery for 90.63%. The dominated nerve was obtusater anterior branch. The junction point of vessel was at 1/3 deep into gracilis muscle. Conclusion: The length of artery, vein and nerve are relative concentration and statilization, and the muscle location is superficial for surgical operation, which is a muscle for clinical use.


Resumen en: From a historical point of view, decentralisation and intercommunality in France have a complex relationship. The main reason is certainly to be found in...


With our man -in -space program now directed toward the reusable shuttlecraf t approach, communications needs have changed. The days of heavy HF single sideband support associated with Apollo and Gemini are over. NASA uses dedicated hard lines and satellite links extensively. But some HF is still in use. During the first test flights of the Columbia, tracking ships, chase aircraft, worldwide tracking stations and military support used several single sideband voice channels, including 10780 (Cape Kennedy call -in), 6708 (booster tanks recovery ships "Liberty" and "Freedom"), and 20192 (tracking station network and countdown) kHz. Although several hundred discrete NASA channels are assigned, only a few see regular use. For short range air -to -ground, VHF and UHF AM channels are used: Chase aircraft within a few hundred miles of the Shuttle will be heard on 121.75 and 264.8 MHz, while the spacecraft itself utilizes 296.8 MHz as a primary UHF backup to its 2287.5 MHz s -band down link transmissions. Earlier on -board UHF channels (259.7 secondary backup and 279.0 space suit to Shuttle during extra -vehicular activity) have been abandoned. The likelihood of casual monitors tuning the excitement of a launch and recovery is great; listeners have reported activities on these frequencies during every mission, using the simplest of installations. Here at Grove Enterprises we monitor the Shuttle missions on a Kenwood R-1000 receiver, using a Sony ICF-2001 as backup with outstanding results. For UHF, the new Grove Scanverter is used with a conventional aircraft -band programmable scanner. Normally, we use a Scanner Beam for extended VHF/UHF coverage, although many of our listening colleagues use a simple UHF ground plane. The radio spectrum explodes with activity at all times of day or night, all year round. Simple, inexpensive receiving equipment and accessories can make this fascinating hobby come alive for you.


Summary: Intrapartum cardiotocography (CTG) has a high false positive rate and, in the absence of facilities for fetal scalp blood sampling, is associated with increased operative deliveries for 'fetal distress.


Purpose – This paper deals with the reflecting rays of yarn.Design/methodology/approach – The modeling, assuming that the fibers are arranged around the surface of elliptic yarn and reflecting rays of yarn are consisted of reflecting rays of fibers, is established using mathematical method. We can get a distributional curve of reflecting rays by this method.Findings – It was found that because resolution was an important parameter in measurement equipment, the result of modeling must be filtered. It gives fundamental theory for selecting resolution and we also provide other useful value for selecting equipment of image processing. Resolution is an important parameter for measurement equipment. We have provided the minimum resolution for yarn. When we do image processing for yarn, we can get correct information of yarn by image processing with the minimum resolution and over.Research limitations/implications – The result using different measurement equipment does not show the same result, therefore, the mo...


This article discusses Heidegger's hermeneutical encounters with the tradition of ancient drama. His phenomenological interpretations of tragedy are a good opportunity to study the classical aesthetic approach to literature. In the first part of the essay, the author discusses Heidegger's "hidden critique" of some fundamental statements of Aristotle's  Poetics , in which an implicit reevaluation of the term  mýthos  is emphasized. Stagirite's theory of drama (and most of its later receptions) use this term to connote a narrow creator's story; that is, an "autonomous" artistic conception submitted to laws of probability and necessity. As it turns out, the aesthetic method, in which the tragedy is treated as an isolated object and as a sort of a stimulus of emotional purification ( katharsis ), had a crucial influence on the first "declination of the tragic" – on the departure from the truthful meaning of mythical reality in Antiquity. Tragedy is possible as a work of art only in a world order that is truly filled with myth. However, Heidegger's hermeneutics of tragedy are not limited to the artistic text or theatrical play as such. This philosopher sought to find and elucidate the origin ( Ursprung ) of dramatic expression and impression. Therefore, the author deconstructively highlighted the difference between the Aristotelian concept of myth (understood as "the arrangement of events" and the soul of tragedy) and Heidegger's concept of the singular Event ( Ereignis ). This (meta)ontological framework is the main condition of all imaginable particular anecdotes and mythical stories about humans and gods. If one forgets this primary meaning of myth as a linguistic/historical occurrence of Being, the interpretation falls into the basic declination of the soul of tragedy. The second part of the article considers another, no less important, aspect of Heidegger's interpretations of drama. In addition to the aesthetic oblivion of tragedy, there is another "declination", in which the tragedy of soul comes to the fore. In this context, the human Being is defined as to  deinon , a violent being, that directs itself against the power of overruling Being. The final result of this existential resistance is death. Slavery in self-sufficient immanence, in the jaws of necessity, may be removed only by overcoming and transforming the mortal human nature. The hermeneutical treatment of this ontological turn demands new, more extensive research, in which the duality of declinations is enriched by later, decisive, and essential changes in the mythical horizon of Christianity.


Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to enhance decision-making by offering precise and timely information to businesses and policymakers. This study delves into the intricate relationship between AI and economics, with a specific focus on three key domains: Supply Chain Optimization, Financial Fraud Detection, and Automation's Impact on the Workforce. By shedding light on both the advantages and challenges of AI integration in economics, this research aims to contribute to the ongoing discussion. The research objectives encompass exploring AI's influence on the multifaceted relationship with economics, offering valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers.


Objective To investigate the effects of Shi-Re-Bi tablet on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) and matrix metalloproteinase-3(MMP-3) of synovium tissue in adjuvant arthritis(AA) rats.Methods The model of AA in SD rats were made by immunized s.c.at the base of the tail with 200 μl of Mtb in mineral oil and treated with Shi-Re-Bi tablet and Leflunomide tablet.28 days later,the expression of MMP-1 mRNA and MMP-3 mRNA in the synovium tissue were detected by using situ hybridization.Results Compared with the model group,the high-dose of Shi-Re-Bi tablet could significantly decrease the MIOD of MMP-1 and MMP-3 of synovium tissue in AA rats(P 0.01),the low-dose could reduce the MIOD of MMP-1(P 0.05).Conclusion Shi-Re-Bi tablet has a positive effects,it can decrease the expression of MMP-1 and MMP-3 of synovium tissue in AA rats.


Aim: Zeolites induce the proliferation and differentiation of cells of the osteoblast lineage. Application of zeolite in pulpotomized young permenat teeth had not been investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate histologicaly the capability of zeolite to induce dentin bridge formation and compare it with calcium hydroxide. Subjects and methods: Four dogs aged 12-24 month were included in the present study. In each dog, pulpotomy procedures were carried out in four premolars teeth in each quadrant and restored with one of the experimental materials in a way that teeth in each quadrant restored with one material differ from that of the contralateral quadrant. Specimens were harvested on the sixth week after operation and twelfth week after operative procedures, prepared and examined histologically by H&E (haematoxylin and eosin) stain, there were wide histological differences between the groups of this study along the different intervals of the study. Results: The result of the present study revealed inflammatory response of pulp tissue to both tested materials with various de-grees that were subsided by time only in calcium hydroxide group. Calcium hydroxide has a powerful agent for regenerative effect on pulp tissue with dentin bridge formation. On the contrary; pulp degeneration and necrosis were the end results of pulpotomy with zeolite material. Conclusion: Calcium hydroxide could induce dentin bridge formation while zeolite failed. .


EMBANKMENTS HAVE BEEN CONSTRUCTED ACROSS MARSH DEPOSITS IN CALIFORNIA BY SEVERAL DIFFERENT METHODS INCLUDING CONTROLLED RATE OF PLACEMENT AND USE OF BERMS, REMOVAL OF SOFT COMPRESSIBLE MATERIAL BY STRIPPING OR DREDGING, DISPLACEMENT OF THE WEAK SOIL BY THE EMBANKMENT, AND INSTALLATION OF VERTICAL SAND DRAINS. EXAMPLES OF EACH TYPE OF SIGN ARE CITED, WITH PLOTS OF OBSERVED SETTLEMENT. THE IMPORTANCE OF ADEQUATE EXPLORATION, TESTING AND ANALYSIS IS EMPHASIZED. THE UNCERTAINTIES AND LIMITATIONS OF THE APPLICATION OF THEORETICAL SOIL MECHANICS PRINCIPLES ARE POINTED OUT. USE OF FIELD PERMEABILITIES IS PROPOSED FOR CALCULATING RATES OF SETTLEMENT, AND A METHOD OF MEASURING IN-PLACE PERMEABILITY IS DESCRIBED. CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF PREDICTING SETTLEMENT, DERIVED FROM THE THEORY OF CONSOLIDATION, ARE NOT ALWAYS RELIABLE WHEN APPLIED TO FIBROUS PEAT. EXAMPLES ARE PRESENTED OF EMBANKMENT CONSTRUCTION ACROSS PEAT BEDS, WITH COMPARISONS OF THEORETICAL AND OBSERVED SETTLEMENT. NO ONE METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION ACROSS MARSH DEPOSITS IS SUITABLE OR ECONOMICAL FOR ALL CONDITIONS. AFTER THOROUGH EXPLORATION AND TESTING, THE STABILITY AND SETTLEMENT CAN BE ESTIMATED FOR DIFFERENT DESIGNS BY APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES OF SOIL MECHANICS. THE CHOICE OF DESIGN USUALLY WILL BE BASED ON COST COMPARISONS, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE ADEQUACY OF SERVICE TO THE HIGHWAY USER. /AUTHOR/


Total efficiency of transmitter system was improved by developing combinational 2-Way Isohybrid for GSM1900 base station in this paper. The size of product was decreased and the characteristics were stabilized. The isohybrid transmitter combiner of chip coupler type and hybrid coupler type were designed and fabricated. Insertion loss for chip coupler type isohybrid was . On the other hand, insertion loss for hybrid coupler type was . Isolations between ANT and port were in case of chip coupler type Isohybrid and were in case of hybrid coupler type, respectively.


1 Abstract Cellulose and xylan, the two major constituent of lignocellulose are the most abundant and renewable resource available on earth. Cellulose and xylan are complex substrates and their complete hydrolysis requires a variety of enzymes. Cellulases and xylanases are produced by microorganisms, algae, protozoans, crustaceans and insects however, fungal and bacterial bioconversions are economically viable. In the present chapter, remarkable collections of fungi and bacteria have been brought to the limelight that can degrade cellulose and xylan. Mode of action and brief classification of various cellulases and xylanases have been mentioned. Further, insight knowledge on use of cellulases and xylanases for bioremediation and industrial applications were also provided.


A method for molding the connecting member (80) and window glass (90) (10), comprising a molded body (20) having a first portion (40) can be fixed to the window pane (90) of the edge upper (92), and which second portion (30) having means for removably (80) fixed to the molding (10) of the locking groove (50), the locking groove molding the upper extensions (10) in the longitudinal direction (L), and in which a force capable of fitting and / or form-fitting rib fixing member (80) (82). Built on the molded body (20) of the closure (60,62, 64), which is closed locking groove (50) engaging an opening (52) in a first functional position (A), and in a second functional position ( B) on the release. To this end, the closure member (60,62, 64) along the molding (10) in the longitudinal direction (L) hinged to the molded body (20) on a first side of the locking groove (50) (S1) of . Disposed on a second side of the first side (S1) of the locking groove (50) on (S2), the closure member (60) a force fit and / or form-fitting manner on the mold in a first functional position (A) the molded body (20) engages.


With the development of cloud storage, how to protect the integrity of the data stored in the cloud becomes the clients' major concern. Recently, Zhang et al. proposed a certificateless data integrity auditing scheme for cloud-assisted cyber-physical-social systems. However, we find that their scheme has some security flaws, i.e., if a client outsources a file with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> blocks data and tags, the cloud server can store only one block of them, and pass the integrity auditing of the auditor. We refer to this attack as storing one block attack. Then, we give an improved scheme to amend these flaws.


Language behavior in pluralistic societies, segmented by 'fluid' language identities, is marked by features—such as hybridization in speech, grassroots 'folk' bilingualism, and switching of codes—arising from contact situations. Speakers in such pluralistic speech communities in their everyday life reality are not generally conscious of operating across language 'boundaries'.This study aims at understanding the acquisition of selection mechanisms by which a child designs the message for specific communicative tasks and discriminates one set of speech habits from the other amid the diversified speech patterns in many multilingual surroundings in the Indian subcontinent.


We have proposed and demonstrated an approach to fabricate integrated in-fiber silicon microspheres, which have nearly atomically smooth surface roughness ~0.16 nm. The hybrid structure forms a cavity with high temperature sensitivity ~ 80 pm/°C.


Abstract Theory and research informed a framework of best intergenerational practice that has proven effective in the field of community programs. Reflecting a number of AFU principles, this set of proven practices can promote positive intergenerational contact in college classrooms as well. Here, we present evidence-based and promising practices salient to the AFU, offering examples from the classroom and suggesting low- and high-tech solutions. For example, the intergenerational practices of offering meaningful roles and engaging youth and older adults in a novel activity can support AFU principle 4 reciprocal sharing of expertise between learners of all ages. Stakeholders, including instructors, university students, older adult learners, and community partners, benefit from preparation for the distinctive needs and opportunities of intergenerational learning experiences in higher education. Effective implementation of intergenerational strategies helps both younger and older learners to reimagine aging, offering the potential to address a critical need of individuals and communities.


We prove the existence of common fixed points for three relatively asymptotically regular mappings defined on an orbitally complete ordered metric space using orbital continuity of one of the involved maps. We furnish a suitable example to demonstrate the validity of the hypotheses of our results.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand why the quality markets are expanding in some areas of food production, while struggling in others. Across agricultural markets in advanced industrialized economies, there are movements toward quality production and consumption. The author argues that the quality turn in beer, coffee, wine and other transformed artisanal food production are fundamentally different from the quality movements in primary food products. The heart of that difference lies in the nature of the supply chain advantages of transformed versus primary agricultural products.Design/methodology/approachThe author applies convention theory to explain the dynamics within transformed agricultural quality markets. In these producer-dominant markets, networks of branded producers shape consumer notions of product quality, creating competitive quality feedback loops. The author contrasts this with the consumer-dominant markets for perishable foods such as produce, eggs, dairy and meat. Here, politically constructed short supply chains play a central role in building quality food systems.FindingsThe emergence of quality in primary food products is linked to the strength of local political organization, and consumers have a greater role in shaping quality in these markets.Originality/valueQuality beer, coffee, wine and other transformed products can emerge without active political intervention, whereas quality markets for perishable foods are the outcome of political action.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-01-2020-0001.


The application of the word "Day of Grace" in Section 903 and ""in Section 948 can be understood by general interpretation. The problem is whether they have the same meaning. Law prohibits a person to give days of grace according to Section 903. This is the result of using the source of law from the different legal system.


Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L., 2n = 2x = 18) is one of the most popular Brassica vegetables cultivated worldwide in different climatic conditions, ranging from temperate to tropics during most of cropping seasons and is available round the year. The word cauliflower comes from Latin term 'caulis' and 'floris', meaning stem or stalk and flower, respectively. Brassica oleracea L. grows wild in primitive form in Atlantic coasts of Europe. All the cultivated forms of cole group are believed to be descendent of Brassica oleracea var. sylvestris L., commonly known as wild cabbage, a leafy kale like plant through mutation, human selection and adaptation about 2000 years ago in the Eastern Mediterranean region (Boriss et al., 2006) where it became fully domesticated and started giving rise to wide range of cultivated forms. Cauliflower is comparatively of a later origin, about 500 years ago, probably by introgression within broccoli gene pool having a close genetic affinity. Syria is considered to be place of origin for cauliflower. It was first introduced in Italy around 1490 which became the centre of International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 02 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Introduction: This paper describes a new technology, making the process of aerial firefighting more effective. Instant foam technology based on adopted patent, called Foam Fatal, used by petrol industry. Methodology: Before starting the project prepared a study which is focused the economic efficiency of aerial firefighting. This study says that the effectiveness of aerial firefighting using just pure water is very limited but there are possibilities for extending this effectiveness. Instant foam technology can use any traditional foam solution in a special tank installed on board and this liquid emitted in the required place by pressure. Whit this process the quality of the created foam become very homogeneous and some feature also can be modified during the process. Results and discussion: No doubt, in the market there are already some special water tanks, even with pressured systems, however the results comparing the extended efficiency of the instant foam technology to the others is notable. Moreover, instant foam technology is even cost effective, making the process of aerial firefighting real effective.


ABSTRACTThe inverse Laplace transform is one of the methods used to obtain time-domain electromagnetic (EM) responses in geophysics. The Gaver-Stehfest algorithm has so far been the most popular technique to compute the Laplace transform in the context of transient electromagnetics. However, the accuracy of the Gaver-Stehfest algorithm, even when using double-precision arithmetic, is relatively low at late times due to round-off errors. To overcome this issue, we have applied variable-precision arithmetic in the MATLAB computing environment to an implementation of the Gaver-Stehfest algorithm. This approach has proved to be effective in terms of improving accuracy, but it is computationally expensive. In addition, the Gaver-Stehfest algorithm is significantly problem dependent. Therefore, we have turned our attention to two other algorithms for computing inverse Laplace transforms, namely, the Euler and Talbot algorithms. Using as examples the responses for central-loop, fixed-loop, and horizontal electri...


Objective To investigate ischemic preconditioning and protection effect of large dosage of dexamethasone preconditioning on the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injuries in rats,and seek more effective methods of the cerebral protection and detective means.MethodThe experimental MCAO model was set up with middle cerebral artery occlusion by modification of Longua with suture method,and the trigeminal somatosensory evoked potential(TSEP)was detected with electrostimulation.ResultsIncreasing with ischemia reperfusion injury,the TSEP′s amplitude was decreased and the latent period was lengthened. The results showed that ischemia preconditioning group and Dex preconditioning group both showed significant difference compared with ischemia-reperfusion group(P0.01). Contrarily,there was no significant difference between ischemia preconditioning group and Dex preconditioning group(P0.05).ConclusionIschemia preconditioning and large dosage of dexamethasone preconditioning may alleviate cerebral ischemia reperfusion injuries,and dexamethasone preconditioning has the satisfactory protective effect of the cerebral ischemia reperfusion injuries. TSEP can detect cerebral ischemia reperfusion injuries and provide an objective reliable index of neural functional recovery.


A set of linear second-order differential equations is converted into a semigroup, whose algebraic structure is used to generate many novel equations. Two independent methods that can be used to derive the equations of the semigroup are considered, namely, the Lagrangian formalism and the Lie group approach. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed, and it is shown that the Lagrangian formalism can be established for all equations of the semigroup, however, the Lie group approach is only limited to a certain sub-semigroup . The obtained results are discussed in the context of their applications in mathematical physics.


Wadi is one of traditionally fermented food types using basic materials of fish, salt, and lumu . As nutritive traditional food, wadi quality needs to be developed and maintained through social education. Wadi production innovation has not been done yet by the wadi makers since their information is limited on production techniques for better quality wadi . To promote local wisdom conservation, non-formal education for low educated- wadi makers is needed using simple media. Laboratory experiment and local wisdom-based booklet development is intended to broad their mind and skill in wadi production in the rural areas of Central Kalimantan. This development followed the model of Peck (1988). It contained non-formal product oriented-education materials for the wadi makers. The booklet has been validated by experts in community education, biotechnology, and learning media, and applied to wadi producing communities. Assessment instruments for booklet validation refer to non-textbook assessment instruments (enrichment books). The results showed that the booklet could be well accepted by the users and possessed very good criteria of understanding and readability value.


This present study aimed to assessthe role of self-esteem in the development of psychopathy among undergraduate students(N= 600). StructuralEquation Modelling(SEM)techniques were used to analyze the model. On the measurementlevel,allfit indices were examined and on a structural level, relationships between latent variables were assessed. To explore the model, five latent variables including three factors of psychopathic traits: egocentricity, callous and antisocial traits, and two factors of self-esteem: positive self-esteem and negative self-esteem were identified. The result indicatedthe promising role of negative self-esteem in the development of psychopathy. Results also revealed that positive self-esteem was negatively related to both antisocial traits and egocentricity. Furthermore, negativeself-esteem was found as positivelyrelated to antisocial traits of psychopathy suggestingthat those students who were high on negative self-esteem were involved in antisocial acts. Overall results indicatedthat positive self-esteem buffer against antisocial and egocentric traits of psychopathy and found as a safeguard against developing psychopathic traits whiles negative self-esteem is the promising element in the development of psychopathic traits among students.


Plant growth and development are largely affected by the availability of water.ABA is an endogenous anti-transpirant that reduces water loss through controlling stomatal pores on the leaf surface.Enhanced biosynthesis of ABA occurs in response to water deficit stress initiates an intricate network of signaling pathways in guard cells leading to stomatal closure.Recently,hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)) and nitric oxide(NO) have been identified as key molecules regulating ABA induced stomatal closure.Some signaling components positioned downstream of H_(2)O_(2) and NO are calcium,protein kinases,cADPR and cGMP.Although it may be thought that all signaling components form a signal network in guard cells,the exact interaction between the various signaling components remains unknown.


The monography is analyzing that concerns the attempts of the author – as a result of many years of investigations in computational Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence – to formalize the processes of the Verbal Influence in communication. The review includes both theoretical and practice aspects of the description given by the author. The monography is regarded as the important input into the investigations in perlocutive linguistics.


The home internal wireless network smart pot system is established based on the combination of ZigBee and ESP8266. By uploading the plant growth data collected from the system to cloud server of Internet via MQTT protocol, users are allowed to remotely monitor the growing states of plants in the pots by operating mobile APP to water plants, change environment temperature, increase light intensity and kill weeds and insects. This is a scientific breeding solution with low power consumption, low costs and high efficiency.


Eutectic is an important technology of microelectronics assembly. It has a vital effect in microwave circuit. In this article, the briefly principle of eutectic is discussed firstly, then the factors that the Au thickness of the substrate metallization, the pressure on the substrate and sintering process curve analysis were studied in the eutectic progress. The experiment shows that when the Au thickness of the substrate metallization is about 3μm, a high quality of welding can be achieved in 340°C using 60s by vacuum eutectic curve. The results shows that welding on the Al substrate has a low welding void raio, the penetration rate is up to 95% and the shear strength of samples can meet the requirement of GJB548B-2005. Finally, the welding mechanization was invested in this article.


The research on electrocatalysts plays an important role in the cost reducing and the development for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The progresses on anode and cathode elecrocatalyst for PEMFC were reviewed. The development of the alloy electrocatalysts with low Pt content, the nonplatinum metallic macrocyclic complexes and the new polymer catalysts supporters that conduct both electron and proton or the highly porous carbonized foam with pyridinetype nitrogen atoms were introduced and expected to be the highlights according to the stateofart of research.


In this chapter, we examine the place of interviews in outdoor studies research through three key questions: 1) What is the subject in/of the interview? 2) What are the possibilities for dialogue in the conception, conduct and analysis of interviews? and 3) How can interviews in outdoor studies consider the agency of place and the more-than-human world? We explore each question from a theoretical scholarly perspective. To illustrate the practical implications emerging from each question, we present examples from our own research where we have employed interviews to explore the lived experience of educators, students and the places they inhabit.


Introduction:
 We assessed whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with within-individual delays in diabetes care processes of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) testing, retinal exam, and nephropathy evaluation among patients receiving regular care with Wake Forest Baptist Health (WFBH), overall and stratified by clinical factors, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status.

 Methods:
 We used electronic health record data for 25,323 WFBH adult patients with diabetes (96% type 2; 53% women; mean age ± SD: 63±13 years). We used
 Current Procedural Terminology
 codes to identify each diabetes care process occurring between 3/1/2018 and 2/28/2021. Delayed care between serial assessments was defined as a duration of >6 months for HbA1c testing and >12 months for retinal exam and nephropathy evaluation. We used individual-level fixed effects regression to estimate within-person change in outcomes before and after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (3/1/2020), overall and among subgroups.

 Results:
 During the pandemic, there was a 12.7 to 20.6 percentage point increase in the incidence of delayed diabetes care (
 Table
 ). We did not observe clinically meaningful differences in delayed care for any of the diabetes care procedures during the pandemic across socio-demographic subgroups. However, individuals with the highest HbA1c and greatest burden of comorbidities, respectively, had the greatest increase in the incidence of a delayed HbA1c test during the pandemic.

 Conclusions:
 The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in within-individual delays in HbA1c testing, retinal exams, and nephropathy evaluations. Delays were greatest for individuals with the most severe disease and may portend an increase in diabetes complications.


330  Public Health Reports / May–June 2012 / Volume 127 Disparities in cancer occurrence and cancer outcomes are caused by the disproportionate accrual of risks among racial/ethnic minority, low-income, and uninsured groups across the prevention, detection, and treatment spectrum. Reducing cancer disparities requires efforts in each arena. This article describes one local initiative to improve screening and detection rates among uninsured, low-income, and minority older adults living in Maryland using funding from the Cigarette Restitution Fund. The authors present useful findings on screening volume and results to characterize the impact of the program, indicating that, in addition to the 120 cancers identified, as many as 300 colorectal cancers may have been prevented by polypectomy in the program.