Law enforcement efforts should begin to consider and make victims as parties who have an interest in the judicial process. Victims of criminal acts so far have not received enough attention in an effort to fight for justice. The things that are considered and considered include legal certainty, expediency and justice. Legal certainty is closely related to the guarantee of protection to the community against arbitrary actions aimed at public order, while expediency is to create the greatest benefit or happiness to the community, while justice is truth, impartiality, can be accounted for and treats every human being at the same time. equal position before the law (equality before the law). Likewise, the judicial review institution as part of an extraordinary effort in enforcing the law should also be based on these three objectives. On the other hand, the unaccommodated or unaccommodated interests of the victims in the legal provisions encourage interpretations that lead to the defence of interests and justice for the victims, even though in the end it is considered contrary to the law. On this basis, reforms or formal legal reforms summarized in the Criminal Procedure Code, especially in the discussion on review, should be carried out immediately. Of course, these reforms must make the Criminal Procedure Code better and able to accommodate various problems that have not been accommodated so far. This new formal legal provision can later annul conflicting legal provisions between PERMA, the Constitutional Court's Decision and so on. In addition, it is hoped that the new KUHAP will also be able to end the pros and cons and confusion regarding the submission of a judicial review that has so far occurred in a criminal justice process.


Background. Potato due to its vegetative propagation is affected by viruses, among which potato viruses Y (PVY), S (PVS) and M (PVM) are spread across all Russia's territory. The VIR collection presents the diversity of the potato gene pool, including potato cultivars and related tuber-forming species. Diagnostics of viral infections in plants saved for several years by obtaining tuber reproductions is an important part of the work on the conservation and sustainable utilization of the potato gene pool.   The purpose of the work was to evaluate the distribution of PVX, PVY, PVS and PVM on plants of potato cultivars and related Solanum spp. in the VIR field collection.   Material and methods. Evaluation covered 315 accessions representing all groups of the potato gene pool. Diagnosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out on plants that did not display symptoms of a virus infection. The Russian test system of RPA "BioTechnologies" and foreign one of Bioreba AG (Switzerland) were used. Statistical data processing was performed by the Statistica StatSoft 13 program.   Results. Mosaic viruses are distributed with different frequencies on potato plants in the field collection: PVM dominates, detected in 64% of potato accessions; PVY is found in 41 %, PVX on 24 %, and PVS in 18 % of accessions. The connection between the botanical and taxonomic origin of potato accessions and their infection with viruses has been confirmed. Among wild species, more than half of accessions, while among cultivated species, only 5% are affected by XBK. PVM, on the contrary, was detected in a significant part (77–91%) of cultivated potato accessions. and much less frequently (16%) in accessions of wild species. Cvs, 'Grand', 'Krasa Meshchery', 'Yantar' and 'Nur-Alem', hybrids 99-1-3, 952-35 and 914-5-2018, accessions of wild species from North America, and cultivated species Solanum goniocalyx Juz. et Buk. (k-9922) are not affected by viruses.


Several neurodegenerative disorders are characterized by oligodendroglial pathology and myelin loss. Oligodendrogliopathies are a group of rare diseases for which there currently is no therapy. Gene delivery via viral vectors to oligodendrocytes is a potential strategy to deliver therapeutic molecules to oligodendrocytes for disease modification. However, targeting oligodendroglial cells in vivo is challenging due to their widespread distribution in white and grey matter. . In this study, we aimed to address several of these difficulties by designing and testing different oligodendroglial targeting vectors in rat and mouse brain, utilizing different promoters, serotypes and delivery routes. We found that different oligodendroglial promoters (myelin basic protein (MBP), Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-enhanced MBP and myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG)) vary considerably in their ability to drive oligodendroglial transgene expression and different viral vector serotypes (rAAV2/7, rAAV2/8 and rAAV2/9) exhibit varying efficacies in transducing oligodendrocytes. Different administration routes via intracerebral or intraventricular injection allow widespread targeting of mature oligodendrocytes. Delivery of rAAV2/9-MAG-GFP into the cerebrospinal fluid results in GFP expression along the entire rostro-caudal axis of the spinal cord. Collectively, these results show that oligodendrocytes can be targeted with high specificity and widespread expression, which will be useful for gene therapeutic interventions or disease modeling purposes.


Numerical analysis has become an integral part of practical engineering problem analysis. Thus current structural analysis techniques essentially consist of two distinct numerical procedures. Firstly the continuum is discretized by the finite element method, a variant of the well-known Ritz's process, yielding sets of simultaneous algebraic equations for equilibrium and eigenvalue problems or sets of simultaneous ordinary differential equations for the propagation problems. Second such equations are next solved by relevant numerical techniques.


Abstract The λμ-calculus is an extension of the λ-calculus that has been introduced by M Parigot to give an algorithmic content to classical proofs. We show that Böhm's theorem fails in this calculus.


This paper describes inter line power flow controller in power system. An Inter line power flow controller is VSC-based FACTS controller for series compensation with the unique capability of power management among multiline's of a substation. The FACTS technology is essential to alleviate these difficulties by enabling utilities to get most service from their transmission facilities, FACTS controllers can control series impedance, shunt impedance, current, voltage and phase angle. The different controller's circuits are simulated using PSPICE software package. IPFC used to improve the power flow and to provide a power balance of a transmission system, the circuit model of IPFC was developed and the same is used for simulation.


was present up to 50% of the material. Sedimentation in alkaline caesium chloride gave a sharp band at 8obs. 20 S with some trailing material, and denatured mitochondrial DNA sedimented at 80Ow 97S in neutral solvent. These results are consistent with a linear DNA of approx. 30 x 106 daltons, without single-strand interruptions. Examination of the DNA in the electron microscope showed only linear filaments of 15,um, a size consistent with this and thus the same length as the genome, as previously determined (Flavell & Jones, 1970). To test for cohesive ends, DNA (10,ug/ml) was heated to 70°C in 0.5M-sodium chloride, cooled slowly to 500C and incubated for 3h, followed by sedimentation analysis. AnnealedDNAsedimented at 33.8 S and the control DNA (unincubated) sedimented at 35.0 S. A circular DNA produced by self-annealing should have sedimented at approx. 38S. Hence no evidence for cohesive ends was obtained. The possibility also remained that the DNA existed as circles which were broken by one doublestranded break on isolation. Renatured DNA should thus show circles in the electron microscope. The examination of this DNA is at present under investigation and will be discussed.


This paper is a theoretical approach and aims to present some aspects of the tourism destination image, factors that influence tourist attraction. The conditions can be managerial actions to reinforce a positive image of a tourist destination and thus increase the probability of a tourist to choose and select a specific destination.


INTRODUCTION: Non-adherence to drug therapy is one of the main problems in providing medical management for patients with Parkinson's disease. The factors involved are many and include clinical and socio-demographic aspects. These factors have not been described in Mexican patients. OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of adherence and perceptions about treatment of Mexican patients with Parkinson's disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with Parkinson's disease. Clinical and demographic data including antiparkinsonic treatment were recorded. The following clinical instruments were applied: Movement Disorders Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Morisky-Green Questionnaire, Brief Medication Questionnaire and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire.


The expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2) is closely correlated with the prognosis of breast cancer,which is influenced by estrogen receptor(ER) and progesterone receptor(PR).The progress on the correlation between immunohistochemical indicators and mammographic findings of breast cancer is reviewed in this article.


LaVO4 phosphors were synthesized by using a solid state reaction, and were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The XRD patterns of the Li-doped LaVO4:Eu 3+ powder phosphors revealed a mixture of tetragonal and monoclinic phases. The tetragonal phase of the LaVO4:Eu 3+ phosphor showed a higher PL intensity than the monoclinic one, despite the presence of both monoclinic and tetragonal structures. The Li-doped LaVO4:Eu 3+ powder phosphors absorbed strongly at 396 nm and exhibited strong red emission at approximately 619.5 nm due to the D0 → F2 transition. The incorporation of Li ions into the LaVO4:Eu 3+ powder can lead to a remarkable increase in photoluminescence. The enhanced luminescence is attributed to the incorporation of Li ions that may act as a sensitizers for effective energy transfer. This phosphor has promising applications in near-UV light-emitting diodes(LEDs).


According to the legislation of the Russian Federation the collection of market information is an obligatory stage of cadastral value determination of settlement lands. Due to the lack of the sufficient information in the official sources about transactions with the land plots of different types of permitted use in the majority of small towns, this process is very difficult. The land plots occupied by multi-storey and mid-rise residential buildings are characterized by the absence of sufficient information on the market value. At the same time, there is market information on transactions with apartments or the prices of supply and demand for apartments. The paper presents a calculation of the market value of land plots occupied by multi-storey and mid-rise residential buildings with the use of the available market information on apartments located in Gatchina of Leningrad region. The information on transactions with the apartments in Gatchina is collected, and a list of the main price factors of their value is formed in the process of the study. The grouping of apartments in each of the factors using the method of equal intervals is performed. It allowed us to determine a typical apartment with the parameters in the intervals with the maximum number of the objects-apartments according to all investigated factors. On the basis of the known price for 1 sq. m. of this apartment by an "extraction" method adjusted for the new construction cost of a typical object and the wear rate of a typical object the market value of the land plots is calculated. As a result of the study the price zoning scheme of the territory of Gatchina is represented.


Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of global distribution caused by infection with pathogenic spirochaetes of the genus Leptospira. Humans are accidental hosts and usually become infected through contact with water or soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals such as rodents, dogs, cattle and pigs. In developing countries such as India, leptospirosis is often underdiagnosed because of its protean clinical manifestations leading to significant morbidity and mortality. It occurs as a self-limited illness in 85% to 90% of the cases and icteric leptospirosis or Weil's syndrome, a more serious, potentially fatal syndrome which occurs in 5% to 10% of the cases. Microbiological diagnosis of leptospirosis aims at demonstrating the leptospires, by culturing them or by demonstrating an appreciable antibody response to them. A definite diagnosis of leptospirosis is based either on isolation of the organism from the patient or on seroconversion or a rise in antibody titre in the MAT. Leptospires may be visualized in clinical material by DGM or by IF or light microscopy after appropriate staining. The sensitivity of blood cultures is low; hence culture is primarily used for retrospective diagnosis. There are numerous serological tests available for diagnosis of leptospirosis like Macroscopic agglutination test (MSAT), Indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), Sensitised erythrocyte lysis test (SEL), Complement fixation test (CFT), Enzyme Linked Sorbent Assay (ELISA), Microcapsule agglutination test (MCAT), Lepto-Dipstick, Latex agglutination test, Dried Latex agglutination test (Lepto Tek Dri-Dot), but they are only genus specific. To identify the specific serovar Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) or culture has to be done. The various available options for a diagnosis of leptospirosis have been explored in this article. A thorough literary search was done in the various published data available- pub med search was done as well as


Expansive clayey soils, which are prevalent across the surface sediments of the earth, are considered problematic for the structures and infrastructure founded in them. These soils are also challenging for environmental engineers involved in the design and construction of municipal and nuclear waste liners, petroleum engineers dealing with shale oil and gas, and agricultural scientists. Because their overall behaviour is controlled by molecular-level processes and interactions, a behaviour model encompassing the contributions from these interactions is required to predict the behaviour of these soils. This interaction becomes increasingly complex for natural expansive clays where a complex composition of clay and non-clay minerals exists. Unfortunately, none of the existing constitutive models pertaining to expansive clays comprehensively incorporates all the factors contributing to volume change behaviour of naturally occurring expansive soils. This study led to the development of a nano-level constituti...


Teaching and learning English for Tibetan English majors are very particular.Based on 18-year teaching experience in Tibet and findings through research in modern psychology, sociology, anthropology and education, in accordance with the Tibetan cognitive tendencies, this essay is aimed as designing an effective English teaching method guided by one center and three basic principles, practiced by means of a teaching mode.


A number of vortex shedding flowmeter designs for flow measurements in liquid oxygen ducts on the space shuttle main engines have been tested in a high head water flow test facility. The results have shown that a vortex shedding element or vane spanning the duct can give a linear response to an average flow velocity of 46 m/s (150 ft/s) in a 1 1/2 inch nominal (41 mm actual) diameter duct while a vane partially spanning the duct can give a linear response to velocities exceeding 55 m/s (180 ft/s). The maximum pressure drops across the flow sensing elements extrapolate to less than 0.7 MPa (100 psi) at 56 m/s (184 ft/s) for liquid oxygen. The test results indicate that the vanes probably cannot be scaled up with pipe size, at least not linearly.


OBJECTIVE: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the possibility of not draining the axilla following axillary dissection. METHODS: The study included 240 breast cancer patients who underwent axillary dissection as part of conservative treatment. The patients were divided into two groups depending on whether or not they were subjected to axillary drainage. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01267552. RESULTS: The median volume of fluid aspirated was significantly lower in the axillary drainage group (0.00 ml; 0.00 – 270.00) compared to the no drain group (522.50 ml; 130.00 - 1148.75). The median number of aspirations performed during conservative breast cancer treatment was significantly lower in the drainage group (0.5; 0.0 - 4.0) compared to the no drain group (5.0; 3.0 - 7.0). The total volume of serous fluid produced (the volume of fluid obtained from drainage added to the volume of aspirated fluid) was similar in the two groups. Regarding complications, two cases (2.4%) of wound dehiscence occurred in the drainage group compared to 13 cases (13.5%) in the group in which drainage was not performed, with this difference being statistically significant. Rates of infection, necrosis and hematoma were similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: Safety rates were similar in both study groups; hence, axillary dissection can feasibly be performed without drainage. However, more needle aspirations could be required, and there could be more cases of wound dehiscence in patients who do not undergo auxiliary drainage.


We present simulation studies of a morphological instability arising in dislocation dynamics. When an initially straight dislocation line is driven by a stress whose magnitude grows along the direction of dislocation motion, vibrational modes of the dislocation line with wavelength above a threshold value become linearly unstable. Molecular dynamics simulation studies of screw dislocations in Al demonstrate the onset of the instability during dislocation pair annihilation and annihilation at a crack tip. The wavelength of the unstable vibrational mode observed in each case agrees with the predictions of theoretical analysis. We discuss the role of temperature in nucleating the instability and speculate about how instabilities in dislocation motion could affect the density of threading dislocations during growth of heteroepitaxial thin films.


Nuclear-spin diffusion in double quantum wells (QWs) is examined by using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) at a Landau level filling factor $\nu=2/3$ spin phase transition (SPT). The longitudinal resistance increases during the DNP of one of the two QW (the polarization QW) by means of a large applied current and starts to decrease just after the termination of the DNP. On the other hand, the longitudinal resistance of the other QW (the detection QW) continuously increases for approximately 2h after the termination of the DNP of the polarization QW. It is therefore concluded that the nuclear spins diffuse from the polarization QW to the detection QW. The time evolution of the longitudinal resistance of the polarization QW is explained mainly by the nuclear-spin diffusion in the in-plane direction. In contrast, that of the detection QW manifests much slower nuclear diffusion in the perpendicular direction through the AlGaAs barrier.


The concept,the type of bird flu,virus resistance and laboratory diagnosis basic situation were introduced in this paper. The good preventive effect was achieved through the establishment of protected areas prevention and control organizations,strengthening the field patrol monitoring,while strengthening prevention and improved breeding methods,disinfection and sources of drinking water,food sources,migratory waterfowl monitoring in Xianghai conservation area.


The past few decades have witnessed the rapid development of information and communication technology around the world, as well as continuing efforts to introduce technology into K12 schools. To gauge the success of integrating technology into classrooms, how end users, including teachers and students, accept and use technology while overcoming a new kind of digital gap needs to be investigated. To better assess the integration of technology into the classroom experience, the current study aimed to understand the difference between teachers and students' acceptance of technology. The participants in this study were chosen through stratified random sampling in Shanghai. A research model with related factors compiled from literature on technology acceptance was used to collect data. The results indicated that the differences between teachers and students with regard to technology lie in how they utilize technology and how important they perceived it to be. The results of this study may help us better understand new millennium learners and provide them proper classroom technology products.


The research paper presents an innovative system for the reduction of energy wastage due to ghost or vampire power with the help of Visible Light Communication, Very large scale integration (VLSI) devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system assembles daily energy usage data using an Intelligent Energy Meter system on a cloud server. The data of electricity consumption requirement of various devices is processed on the server. An intelligent energy switch is designed which lets the power supply of an appliance connected to it to turn off and thus avoids the excess electric leakage loss. The switch is operated using visual light communication technique, it also utilizes the use of a relay and Very large scale integration (VLSI) techniques for fast turn off action. The total power consumption is also measured by the intelligent energy meter.


2 cases in which chorea was induced by use of oral contraceptives (OCs) are described. An 18-year old woman who had taken a combined OC containing 1 mg ethynodiol diacetate and 1 mg mestranol from days 5-21 of the menstrual cycle for 5 months began to experience choreic movements 1 month prior to consultation. The neurological findings were normal except for a slight muscular hypotonia. Laboratory and clinical findings were normal. Despite daily administration of 4 mg haloperidol the symptoms appeared to intensify and the patient discontinued OC use. Symptoms improved after 2 weeks and had disappeared after 1 month. A 25-year old woman who had taken 2 mg ethynodiol diacetate and 1 mg mestranol daily for 2 years had begun to experience choreic movements 5 months earlier without other neurologic cardiologic general clinical or laboratory alterations. The involuntary movements improved considerably on administration of 3 mg daily of haloperidol. The condition resolved in 3 months 2 weeks after discontinuing treatment. OCs appear to cause chorea through their effect on the neurotransmitters of the extrapyramidal system. The interaction of combined OCs with the neurotransmitters is complex incompletely understood and apparently contradictory but appears to be the most logical mechanism to explain chorea induced by OCs. (summary in ENG)


This paper focuses on scope of public participation and stakeholder engagement in the coastal planning process in Queensland, Australia. The aim is to understand how conflicts among different resource users and associated political issues influence decisions surrounding coastal zone planning. Effectiveness of participation is assessed against relevant Integrated Coastal Zone Management governance criteria, using document analysis and semi-structured interviews of key stakeholders. Queensland's coastal planning framework has used participation approaches just to meet the legal requirement or circumvent stakeholders' dissent, rather than to foster a legitimate, transparent and active participation process for bringing the stakeholders into an authentic dialogue over complex coastal issues.


Based on the Heisenberg model,the spin reorientation behavior of magnetic multilayers system is sim- ulated by using the Monte Carlo method.We have studied anisotropy,dipole-dipole interaction,the influence of external magnetic field on spin reorientation.By simulation and computation,the rules of changes in system configuration and magnetization in some special direction are determined by dipole-dipole interaction,external magnetic field and temperature are acquired.Hysteresis phenomena in magnetic multilayers by employing exter- nal magnetic field are also focused in the article.


Titanium nitride (TiN) films have been grown on Si (100) substrates by DC. reactive magnetron sputtering from a titanium (Ti) metallic target at different nitrogen partial pressures (80–10 sccm) and different power (500–1500 W). The effects of the nitrogen pressure and power on structural and electrical properties of TiN films were investigated by measuring their X-ray diffraction (crystal orientation), Atomic Force Microscopy (surface roughness), four-probe technique (electrical resistivity) and film thickness. It is show that deposition rate (13–65 nm/min) decrease with an increase of nitrogen pressure. The films have the grain size (0.001–0.027 μm2) along the sample surface and the size of the grain increase with an increase of nitrogen partial pressure. The X-ray diffraction measurement show that films were crystalline (with preferred orientation (311)), but some of them were polycrystalline ((311) and (111) preferred orientation). These films have been used as gate electrodes in MOS capacitors, which were fabricated with TiN and SiNxOy as gate electrode and dielectric, respectively. With 20 minutes of annealing time, the extracted TiN work function and flat-band voltage were about 4.65 eV and -0.29 V, which indicates that TiN can be used as mig-gap electrode for MOS technology. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


ABSTRACT Romantic partners of unemployed individuals uniquely experience stress due to spillover effects of unemployment and their role as primary support providers for the unemployed individual. The present study drew on the extended theoretical model of communal coping (TMCC) to examine a process of communal coping experienced by romantic partners (N = 285) of unemployed individuals, who completed an online survey. Analyses indicated that stress related to unemployment was negatively associated with a partner's communal coping and communal coping was negatively associated with relational load. Perceived support from friends and family acted as a moderating influence on the relationships among stress, communal coping, and relational load. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.


Mechanisms of Transport Phenomena Governing Equations for Transport Phenomena Similarities among the Three Types of Transport Phenomena Basics of Finite Difference Methods Steady State Heat Conduction Transient Heat Conduction Phase Change Problems Convection and Diffusion Problems Solution Algorithms for Fluid Flow Fluid Flow Analysis Using the Simple Method


The SWAT model developed by the USDA-Agricultural Research service for the prediction of rainfall run-off, sediment, and chemical yields in a basin was applied to Jeju Island watershed to estimate the amount of runoff. The research outcomes revealed that the estimated amount of runoff for the long term on 2 water-sheds showed fairly good performance by the long-term daily runoff simulation. The watershed of Chunmi river located the eastern region in Jeju Island, after calibrations of direct runoff data of 2 surveys, showed the similar values to the existing watershed average runoff rate as 22% of average direct runoff rate for the applied period. The watershed of Oaedo river located the northern region showed of 0.93, RMSE of 14.92 and ME of 0.70 as the result of calibrations by runoff data in the occurrence of 7 rainfalls.


In 1986, the University of Alabama School of Mines and Energy Development drilled a 3,100-foot corehole in the Cahaba coal field of central Alabama providing the first non-proprietary data on the gas content of coals in that field. The stratigraphic section sampled in drilling includes most of the economically important coal seams of the field, extending from the lowermost Montevallo coals downward into the Harkness. An aggregate thickness of over 50 feet of coal was encountered in the drill hole, including 24 seams greater than one foot thick. A wide variety of analytical tests were performed on the coal samples, including gas content determination, and petrographic and chemical characterization. An extensive program of geophysical logging also was conducted. Coals recovered from the core are high volatile A bituminous in rank. Intermediate (lost plus desorbed) gas contents range up to 378 cf/t on a dry, ash-free basis. Gas content of coal seams increases in a systematic manner with depth and, in general, gas contents are somewhat less than in coals of similar rank in the Warrior coal field. Based on the results of this drilling project and on published coal thickness data, the preliminary estimate of in-place coalbed methane resource inmore » the Cahaba field is approximately 1.75 tcf concentrated largely in the southeastern portion of the field. In the vicinity of the Cahaba corehole {number sign}1 the resource density is estimated to be greater than 11 bcf per square mile in the target seams. The results of this investigation indicate that the Cahaba is a viable region for coalbed methane exploration and development.« less


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to food industry and bioenergetics. Proposed method comprises forcing said gases through area of bulk high-voltage electric discharge. Note here that plasma treatment is carried out at pressure below barometric pressure while oxidiser and pelletised catalyst are additionally introduced in electric discharge area. Proposed device comprises gas discharge chamber 1 with gas feed pipe 2 and cleaned gas discharge pipe 3. Besides, is comprises vacuum pump 4 connected to gas discharge chamber and arranged inside said chamber 1 in the area of discharge, catalyst 9 and device 8 for distributed feed of oxidiser thereto. EFFECT: power savings, higher efficiency, controlled and optimised conditions. 7 cl, 5 dwg


ABSTRACT Currently there is considerable interest in understanding and quantifying the powder characteristics that affect the quality of the top spread powder layer for processes such as powder bed fusion and binder jetting. For this purpose, a new testing device has been developed in order to assess several aspects of this top spread powder layer. Using different measurement procedures, the roughness of the top layer, the surface coverage of a single spread powder layer and the powder bed density of an entire spreading experiment can be determined. Since the tester is freely programmable, the individual process steps of spreading a single powder layer can also be varied. Using these methods, the influence of different process parameters such as e.g. the spreading velocity or the distance between the blade and the building platform, which is also referred to as gap size in general, on the quality of the top or only a single spread layer and on the powder bed packing density can be examined. This study presents the new test device as well as the corresponding measurement procedures mentioned, the reproducibility of the results, which, depending on the measurement method and the measured parameter, range between 0.24 and 4.81%, and the influence of the spreading strategy, which defines the chronological order of the single steps during spreading.


This report describes an α and β radiation detection system capable of counting emissions from two samples simultaneously. Thin plastic phosphors and zinc sulphide phosphors are used as primary detectors, shielded against background radiation by a single plastic scintillator guard detector coupled in anticoincidence with the primary detectors. 239Pu α counting efficiency is 72% with a background of 1.59 counts per hour.90Sr90Y β counting efficiency is 45% with a background of 1.11 counts per minute. 


Vegetation composition and community structure of boreal inland salt pans near the shore of Dawson Bay, Lake Winnipegosis, Manitoba, were examined. Eight vegetation associations and eight species groups were described from the site. Most of the vegetation associations were dominated by a single graminoid or graminoid-like species. Species composition in the most saline areas was similar to that of prairie salt pans to the south, whereas the vegetation of less saline areas showed affinities to both prairie and boreal forest. Examination of vegetation–environment relationships indicated that soil salinity was the moost important factor determining vegetation pattern. Other soil factors such as nutient levels, bulk density, and percent organic matter were of secondary importance. Species richness increased with decreasing salinity, but trends in Shannon–Weaver diversity and evenness along the salinity gradient were more complex. Despite the salinity gradient being environmentally continuous, strong vegetatio...


The function and importance of the mechanics on the pathogenesis and therapy of bone and spine trauma are enunciated. This paper is organized into the following form: In Section 1, the biomechanics foundation and the conformation and makeup of the bones and spines are presented. The relevant basic knowledge of the biomechanics. the mensuration of the biomechanics parameters of the bones and spines and the influence of the strain rate of the intervertebral discs and other parenchyma on the mechanical performance of the bones are discussed. In Section 2, the detrimental mechanical action, which is the main factor inducing the bone and parenchyma trauma, is pointed out. The attribute of the physical mechanical action and the mechanism of the good mechanical action inducing the spine trauma are discussed. The merits and the restrictions of the mechanism of the traditional Chinese massage to cervical vertebrae, lumbar and shoulder joint are stated in Section 3. In section 4, the real time measure and the judgment about a medical instrument are studied. It is indicated that the mechanization, automatization and the use of information technology are the developing trend of the traditional Chinese medicine. Conclusions are given in Section 5.


Infection by Chlamydia trachomatis has been increasingly implicated in the etiology of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women. However little attention has been given to the male sexual partners of women with the disease. This study investigated women who presented at a sexually transmitted diseases clinic with symptoms of PID as well as their sexual partners in the preceding 3 months. The criteria for diagnosing PID were lower abdominal pain with or without vaginal discharge adnexal tenderness with or without adnexal mass and positive cervical excitation. 58 women were diagnosed with PID and C trachomatis was isolated from the cervixes of 16 (36%) of these women. 46 (56%) of the male sexual partners of these 58 women had nongonococcal urethritis although 36 were symptom free. C trachomatis was isolated from 10 of the 36 men cultured 7 of whom were asymptomatic. 11 of the 58 women with positive chlamydia cultures were taking oral contraceptives compared with 7 of the 29 women with negative cultures. Only 4 patients were using an IUD. These findings indicate a high incidence of nongonococcal urethritis among the male partners of women with PID and suggest a need to trace the sexual contacts of all women who present with PID.


Abstract : A traveling-wave tube was built which used a beam extracted from a lithium plasma. The plasma was produced by mixing the electrons from an L-cathode and the ions from heated Beta-eucryptite. The tube had a noise factor of 5.7 db, considered a low value in view of the fact that little transformer optimization was possible and that the L-cathode was operated at 1500 K. These conditions are remediable. An improved cesium hollow cathode was developed which employs a slit-feed, for controlled cesium flow, and a filter. This structure was incorporated into a standard TWT and is ready for noise tests. DC studies of this plasma cathode showed it to be capable of delivering 100-150 muA of extracted beam current with an electron temperature of only 750 K. Pinhole studies were made of beams from conventional TWT guns. It was found that near conditions of low-noise operation a virtual cathode formed between the cathode and first anode. Virtual cathode effects intentionally produced between the second and third anodes were found to exhibit sharp transitions and hysteresis only if ions were present. Pinhole measurements of electron temperature showed that the temperature was proportional to current density; thus, with positive beam-forming voltages, the beam edge was always hotter than the beam core. (Author)


the HOPG basal surface after the nonresonant sum frequency generation (SFG) signal is readily suppressed using time-delay methods enabled by femtosecond laser pulses. The signature CH3 vibrational modes of toluene are resolved as exemplified by the black trace above. The molecular orientation of toluene from the surface normal is easily determined at the HOPG surface by employing the Polarization Null Angle Technique to triangulate position of the C3v symmetric CH3 vibrational mode (indicated by red marker). FIRST Center Research Perspective:


& W E ARE DELIGHTED to present this special issue entitled "Interface Architects: The Evolution of Human–Computer Interaction," compris-ing a review article and three case studies that examine the theme of human–computer interaction (HCI), exploring how humans and computers relate to each other. The issue analyzes the history of human–computer interfaces through interdisciplinary approaches, involving scholars from distinct areas of research, includ-ing computing history, design, art history, and media history. It also broadens the focus from the US to European cases.


Operation of the CRM at low accelerating voltages is of the great interest for such areas of science as spectroscopy and diagnostics of the various media where is no requirement for the high output power of the device, but remain high requirements for the stability of the operating frequency [1,2]. The using of the low accelerating voltages will allow to simplify and to reduce the dimensions of the device design and facilitate work with it. Also the generation on the second harmonic of the cyclotron frequency will allow to use more compact magnetic systems [3,4]. In this connection the coupling factor of electron beam with the RF field of the cavity is calculated in the paper. The calculations show that the coupling factor is strongly depended on the direction of the electrons rotation in the beam and the RF field in the cavity. Due to such factor dependencies it became possible to provide a couple of the beam with TE01 mode of a cylindrical cavity with practically zero couple factor with the main TE11 mode, without increasing the magnetic field. Computer simulation of the wave-particle interaction of low-voltage electron beam with high-frequency field of a cylindrical cavity shows the single-frequency generation at TE01 mode at the second harmonic of the cyclotron frequency.


The mode of macromolecular entanglements may be varied and complicated. In most cases, the entanglement is generally just a looping between two molecular chains. In the formation process of ultrahigh-molecular-weight acrylic fibers by gel spinning, the influence of entanglements is present everywhere. The ultrahigh-molecular-weight polymer was born entangled; the chains may even form networks. To facilitate formation, the entanglements in the concentrated polymer solution must be properly controlled. The network structure may endow elasticity to the system, which is responsible for such peculiar rheological properties as die swell, Weissenberg effect, melt or solution fracture, etc. Part of the entanglements remaining in the finished fiber texture may affect the mechanical properties of the fiber, such as loop strength, tensile stress-strain properties, etc. The results given in this pertain partly to ordinary high molecular weight and partly to ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyacrylonitrile.


Abstract Gelatin–hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanocomposites have been prepared by particulate leaching technique using glutaraldehyde (GTA) as cross-linking agent for polymer. The porosity in the scaffolds was controlled using sodium chloride as porogen agent. Microstructural investigation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealed the formation of a well interconnected porous scaffold with pore size in the range of 100–200 μm. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to confirm the formation of crystalline HAp as well the presence of both constituents in the composite samples. The bioactivity of the samples was evaluated by conducting MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and cell adhesion tests. The results suggest that the use of GTA in excess of 0˙25% can be detrimental to cell survival. Cell attachment on the nanocomposite scaffold was verified by microscopic analysis.


Abstract : This thesis examines factors that influence the retention desires of spouses of US Navy junior enlisted personnel. Data were obtained from the 1999 Survey of Spouses of Active Duty Personnel on spouses who resided with the military member, whose significant other was in paygrades E1 to E4, and had between 9 months and 4 years of active duty service. Logistic regression is utilized to measure the influence of various demographic, military, and attitudinal variables on spouse's desire that the significant other stay on active duty. Significant positive influences include: spouse a member of a race/ethnic group other than White, Hispanic, or Black; service member an E4 rather than E-1 to E-3; and spouse perceives own education opportunities and healthcare benefits better in military life than in civilian world. Significant negative influences include: spouse is male; service member on sea duty; and number of PCS moves. Further research is recommended to identify policy changes that influence spouses to more strongly desire that their significant other remain on active duty.


BACKGROUND
Current literature suggests that the incidence of sexual dysfunction secondary to fluvoxamine therapy is 1% to 8%, while other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may have rates as high as 75%. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of sexual dysfunction secondary to fluvoxamine in healthy volunteers.

METHOD
20 healthy volunteers (10 men, 10 premenopausal women) had adverse effects assessed at 6 visits while not receiving fluvoxamine, then twice while taking 150 mg fluvoxamine daily. Assessments occurred at 2-week intervals. Incidence rates for sexual dysfunction were calculated.

RESULTS
No sexual dysfunction was reported prior to fluvoxamine therapy. After 2 weeks and 4 weeks of therapy respectively, sexual dysfunction occurred in 20% (N = 4) and 35% (N = 7) of the healthy volunteers.

CONCLUSION
The incidence of sexual dysfunction during fluvoxamine therapy in healthy volunteers is 35%. This incidence is higher than previously reported and similar to that of other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.


Isolated injuries to the superior mesenteric artery susceptible to repair are unusual. Ulvestad 1 reported a case in which blunt trauma to the abdomen produced a laceration of the superior mesenteric artery which was successfully repaired. Killen 2 reported two cases of superior mesenteric vessel injury and emphasized the rarity of this condition. Report of a Case A 24-year-old Negro woman arrived at the emergency room of the District of Columbia General Hospital at 2:30amwho had been stabbed several times in the neck, chest, and abdomen. The patient was pale and in clinical shock with a blood pressure of 60/0 and a rapid, thready pulse. Physical examination revealed superficial lacerations of the neck, two puncture wounds of the right anterior chest wall in the third intercostal space, and four closely placed stab wounds of the abdomen just above and to the left of the umbilicus. Examination of the


Local colleges and universities are an important force in China's higher education. In order to better support regional social and economic development,local colleges and universities must establish an educational philosophy of serving the economy and strengthen the school-enterprise integration. Only by establishing a joint innovation coupling relationship between local universities and enterprise clusters and depending on mutually coupling the culture of the university with that of enterprise,the features of university management with that of enterprise,the heterogeneous knowledge of both sides,the scientific research team of the university with the enterprise's business team,scientific research platforms of the University and the enterprise,research facilities of the universities with the production equipment of the enterprise,etc.,can the local colleges and universities promote their capacities to serve the regional economy,social science and technological innovations.


Accurate assessment of crop emergence helps breeders select appropriate crop genotypes, and farmers make timely field management decisions to increase maize yields. Crop emergence is conventionally quantified by manual calculations to quantify the number and size of seedlings, which is laborious, inefficient, and unreliable and fails to visualize the spatial distribution and uniformity of seedlings. Phenotyping technology based on remote sensing allows for high-throughput evaluation of crop emergence at the early growth stage. This study developed a system for the rapid estimation of maize seedling emergence based on a deep learning algorithm. The RGB images acquired from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were used to develop the optimal model for the recognition of seedling location, spacing, and size, and the prediction performance of the system was evaluated in three stations during 2021–2022. A case study was conducted to show the evaluation of the system for maize seedlings and combined with TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) analysis. The results show that the system has good prediction performance for maize seedling count with an average R2 value of 0.96 and an accuracy of 92%; however, shadows and planting density influence its accuracy. The prediction accuracy reduces significantly when the planting density is above 90,000 plants/ha. The distribution characteristics of seedling emergence and growth were also calculated based on the average value and variation coefficient of seedling spacing, seedling area, and seedling length. The estimation accuracies for the average value of seedling spacing, the coefficient of variation of seedling spacing, the average value of the seedling area, the coefficient of variation of the seedling area, and the average value of the seedling length were 87.52, 87.55, 82.69, 84.51, and 90.32%, respectively. In conclusion, the proposed system can quickly analyze the maize seeding growth and uniformity characteristics of experimental plots and locate plots with poor maize emergence.


based on the former achievement and some assumption, the supreme angle about the V-shaped riblet is derived. In term of the data in the reference, the result obtained is reasonable.


There are many customers who shop online. Many of these users interact with the system using well-defined user interfaces only. So, there is a need to develop effective user interfaces that are more user friendly, minimize the keyboard operations, and maximize effective interaction with the system. This chapter focuses on designing effective user interfaces by considering human parameters for e-commerce applications.


Treasures of the world : lost and found [map] / produced by National Geographic Maps ; Allen Carroll, chief cartographer. Scale [ca 1:55000000]. Washington DC: National Geographic Society, 2001. 1 map: col. ; 50 x 71 em, on sheet 52 x 79 em, fold. to 13 x 20 em. Suppl. to National Geographic, July 2001. Insets: [Indonesia] and [Mediterranean]. Also on sheet: notes & col. ill. On verso: 'Sunken treasures' [notes and col. ill. & col. portr. of sub-marine archaeology & archaeologists, and col. map of Caribbean & West Indies]


This paper provides a technical description of the electrical system for an operating gas turbine-based combined cycle power plant for a pulp and paper mill. The control and electrical challenges associated with adding a steam turbine-generator to the plant are discussed. The addition of switchgear, the bus and cable system, transformer tap settings, protective relaying issues, distributed control system upgrade, and starting are discussed.


To investigate the pollution of phthalate esters in household indoor air,PM10 and PM2.5 were sampled from 13 houses in Dec.2010 in Tianjin.Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) method was applied to analyze DMP,DEP,DBP,BBP,DEHP,DOP.The results showed that DMP、DEP、DBP、BBP and DEHP were detected in all samples while DOP was determined in part of samples.DBP,DEHP were the main pollutants.The ratios for the concentrations of each pollutant to PAEs in PM10 and PM2.5 were calculated.The values for DBP(13.92%-91.50%,20.88%-93.95%) and DEHP(5.56%-85.08%,5.53%-75.90%) were higher,and then came DMP,DEP,BBP and DOP.The distributions of six PAEs in different diameter air particles indicated,most PAEs were concentrated in PM2.5.Based on the questionnaire,concentrations of PAEs in indoor air particle mainly were not only affected by time and characteristics of decoration,living habit,smoking,cooking and plastic products used and so on,but also influenced by indoor cleanness and temperature.


Ensuring the efficiency of transportation systems is a priority for modern society. Technological advances enable transportation system to collect huge sets of varied data on an unprecedented scale. Recent studies in combining deep neural network architectures with reinforcement learning techniques have demonstrated promising potential results in solving complex control problems with high dimensional state and action spaces. Inspired by these studies, we applied the similar idea to build a neural network architecture implemented by the reinforcement learning, where a new reward function for the traffic light control problem is implemented. Through experiment in SUMO traffic simulator, we prove that this approach could improve the efficiency of transportation system compared to the traditional controlling policy.


Technology has been found effective in almost all aspects of life. This includes its effectiveness in the field of education through technology enhanced learning. This paper aimed to look at roles of technology enhanced learning in tackling antimicrobial resistance among laboratory professionals in public health facilities in Nigeria. Qualitative research design was adopted for the study. Population of the study included all 75300 laboratory professionals in the North-west Nigeria. Convenience sampling technique was used to select 382 participants as sample for the study. This was guided by Research Advisors Model for selection of sample size. The instrument (open ended questionnaire) was used to gather data for the study. It was validated by experts, pilot study was conducted, and reliability index of 0.88 was obtained. It was found from the study that most of the health care professionals lamented not only they lack modern laboratory equipment but also lack technical knows how to operate the modern laboratory equipment/tools/apparatuses. It also was gathered that vast majority of them use handheld devices (smart phones) with few of them using Original Research Article Bawa and Imam; AJESS, 12(2): 18-24, 2020; Article no.AJESS.62065 19 laptops and in extreme cases desktops computers for learning and other day-to-day activities. Based on the findings from the study, it was concluded that in the 21st Century, collaborations through technology has become imminent. Thus, technology enhanced professional learning will not only help share information about global challenges but also help in providing lasting solutions to it. The study recommended that workshops and regular trainings should be organized to teach health care professionals on how to effectively collaborate, generate and share information through social media platforms.


The present invention provides a printing apparatus which enables a user to adjust easily and appropriately a direction of an image that is to be printed onto a recording object medium. When a user gives instructions for the execution of option printing, a personal computer displays on its monitor an option printing screen (100). The option printing screen (100) indicates print patterns (103a-103d) representing states in which an ''ABC'' character string which constitutes an object image for printing is rotated in each of upward, downward, rightward and leftward directions. If a user selects any one of the print patterns (103a-103d), print data is produced based on an image hat has been rotated corresponding to the pattern. A tape printing apparatus prints onto a tape an image that has been rotated based on print data created by the personal computer and, by cutting a tape that has been discharged onto a tray, produces a label.


As the field of quantum computing progresses to larger-scale devices, multiplexing will be crucial to scale quantum processors. While multiplexed readout is common practice for superconducting devices, relatively little work has been reported about the combination of flux and microwave control lines. Here, we present a method to integrate a microwave line and a flux line into a single "XYZ line". This combined control line allows us to perform fast single-qubit gates as well as to deliver flux signals to the qubits. The measured relaxation times of the qubits are comparable to state-ofart devices employing separate control lines. We benchmark the fidelity of single-qubit gates with randomized benchmarking, achieving a fidelity above 99.5%, and we demonstrate that XYZ lines can in principle be used to run parametric entangling gates.


C hondroblastoma is a rare primary bone tumor that usually affects the epiphysis or apophysis of long bones, especially the proximal part of the tibia, the proximal part of the humerus, and the proximal and distal parts of the femur. Its clinical course is unpredictable, and it can behave aggressively without treatment. Even with curettage, the local recurrence rate can be ≥20% within three years after the operation1-7. A few cases of metastasis have been reported despite the histologically benign appearance of the tumor5,6. There have been reports of the development of osteoarthritis of the hip joint secondary to femoral head collapse after curettage of lesions in the femoral head2,6. In this paper, we report the case of a patient with chondroblastoma of the femoral head and acetabular dysplasia who was treated with rotational acetabular osteotomy to prevent femoral head collapse after curettage of the lesion. The patient was informed that data concerning this case would be submitted for publication.

 Figs. 1-A and 1-B
The initial anteroposterior plain radiographs of the hip. Fig. 1-A The extent of the lesion is delineated with dotted lines. One millimeter of collapse superiorly is shown by the superimposed Mose circle on the femoral head (arrowheads).

A twenty-eight-year-old man was seen at another hospital because of right hip pain with walking, which had lasted for six months. A diagnosis of solitary bone cyst was made at that institution, and he was treated with core decompression. The pain did not decrease postoperatively, and he subsequently consulted our hospital.

Fig. 1-B
The intact lateral cortex is outlined. Note that there is moderate developmental dysplasia of the hip (center-edge angle, 18°; acetabular head index, 63%). The hip joint is congruent, and there is no loss of joint space.

On examination, the patient …


The global matrix techniques are used in the analysis of the Stark-Ladder resonances for transverse horizontal and surface waves in piezoelectric multilayers. Stark-Ladder resonances are observed when these waves propagate inside composites consisting of N piezoelectric layers whose piezoelectric properties obey a special linear relation. Each layer is made of materials with hexagonal 6 mm symmetry. The resonances are studied through the transmission coefficient. The transmission coefficient shows the well known band structure for a periodic piezocomposite, and when a linear term in the values of the piezoelectric parameters of the layers (which breaks the periodicity) is added, the band structure is destroyed and, in certain cases, resonances of the Stark-Ladder type are shown. The transmission coefficient is studied as a function of the properties of the materials and angle of incidence of the waves. Numerical results for two different configurations of piezocomposites are presented, one of them showing...


The key to study the DENG Xiaopings theories in China including such aspects as the mass line, emancipating ones mind, seeking truth from facts, opening to the outside world based on the persistance in autonomy and independence both in politics and in economy, futureoriented, taking a dialectical and overall point of view and grasping the principle contradictions to solve pblems them according to their concrete situations, and always putting practice in the first place. All these aspects All these aspects the problem on how to comblne subje ctive and objective,aims and means with purposefulness and regularity.


We propose a framework for a Knowledge Management (KM) Information Technology (IT) system. Our framework can integrate existing solutions for KM IT support. The framework consists of loosely coupled agent-based components and can easily be extended with further components. We identify core components and functionalities of a KM support system. We motivate our proposal with a holistic perspective on KM. We derive a classiication of knowledge in organizations for which management can and should be supported by an IT system. We introduce an agent-based KM IT architecture that includes the derived functionalities. The architecture is structured according to knowledge classes and group-domains of knowledge. We further propose new implementation schemes and present existing solutions from research for our architecture. Fields for further research in KM IT support are identiied. Our framework is intended to contribute to a uni-ed view of requirements of a KM support system. We further aim to give an overview of applicable and available technologies for implementation.


The countries of Eastern and Central Europe have emerged from a political system which, for decades, has disregarded any safeguards to human health from the deleterious effects of hazardous substances. Rapid industrialization without any bona fide environmental regulatory controls has placed enormous stress on these countries. The societal and economic costs associated with human health effects, environmental issues, and the cleaning up of contaminants while simultaneously trying to correct their economies have had severe impact on the countries in this region, forcing them to set and reset priorities with inadequate resources to meet the expectations of the population. Nonetheless, each country is doing a valiant job of trying to be self-sufficient, while preserving its own unique identity, so as to try to ensure future generations a higher standard of living and improved quality of life. Metals are serious contaminants the world over, but this is particularly and acutely true in Eastern and Central Europe. Because metals are natural elements, once released they persist in the environment. Their persistence coupled with their ability to combine with organic chemicals and with each other, makes them particularly detrimental to human health. Metals are but one of the many challenges to the countries in the region. Although there is little doubt that metal contamination is a serious problem, there are barriers to determining the degree of the threat to humans. Furthermore, environmental contamination by metals is by no means the only or perhaps even the most serious threat to human health, but it certainly is a key contributing factor to ill health and diminution of the quality of life. The problem of metals is endemic across the region, but the type and sources of the contamination vary from


Background: A review of the health behavior literature on the statistical modeling of days of physical activity (PA) indicates that in many instances linear regression models have been used. It is inappropriate statistically to model a count dependent variable such as days of physical activity with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Many count variables have skewed distributions, and, also, have a preponderance of zeroes. Count variables should not be treated as continuous and unbounded. If OLS is used, estimations of the regression will frequently turn out to be inefficient, inconsistent and biased, and such outcomes could well have incorrect impacts on health programs and policies. Methods: We considered three statistical methods for modelling the distribution of days of PA data for respondents in the 2013 Health Information Trends Survey (HINTS). The three regression models analyzed were: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Negative Binomial (NBRM), and Zero-inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB). We used the exact same predictor variables in the three models. Our results illustrate the differences in the results. Results: Our analyses of the PA data demonstrated that the ZINB model fits the observed PA data better than either the OLS or the NBRM models. The coefficients and standard errors differed in the zero-inflated count models from the other models. For instance, the ZINB coefficient for the association between income and PA behavior was not statistically significant (p>0.05), whereas in the NBRM and in the OLS models, it was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: The inappropriate use of regression models could well lead to wrong statistical inferences. Our analyses of the number of days of moderate PA demonstrated that the ZINB count model fits the observed PA data much better than the OLS model and the NBRM.


Serving as a poll worker is just one of those volunteer responsibilities I have long been prepared to assume. Since returning to the community in which I grew up, I served 10 years on the County Board of Supervisors and now serve on committees as a community member. [...]as April drew near, it had become a two-person race because one candidate seemed to be moving toward having the needed delegates. [...]interest in that election was waning. The Village Director of Public Works was concerned about setting up the polling place so that both the voters and poll workers would be safe. The Presidential election finds a significant number of residents registering onsite because for some individuals, it is the only election in which they exercise their responsibility to vote over a 4-year period.


The text is geared for a one-semester course. Rather than separate the consideration of current issues from the description of the setting, foundation, and politics of American government, there is an interfusion. The authors treat urban politics as a normal part of the American system. The unique feature of this book is the incorporation of brief case studies (approximately five pages in length) before all but the first chapter. These engage the student's interest and anticipate discussion of governmental and political operations. The topics include the adoption of the Twenty-Second Amendment, the enactment of the Medicare law, the signing of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, the description of a senatorial election campaign, and the dispute over school integration in Chicago. On the whole the cases chosen are highly motivational as curtain


This study showed the activation of public library services utilizing twitter. Top five American public library twitter`s 1,373 tweets collected, analyzed by content types and examined applicability into public library services. Based on the results, it suggested that public library services can be activated by auto-tweeting informations within home page, re-tweeting of timely informations, generating HASH tag, using diverse social medias, active re-tweeting/replying, and utilizing twitter programs such as twit-bot. Finally, the study proposed that evaluations about twitter services such as satisfaction survey should be carried out.


In Taiwan, an endemic area of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, occupational lead poisoning is a major problem of industrial hygiene. In order to estimate the prevalence of HBV infection and the effect of lead on liver function in lead-exposed workers, we determined the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its antibody (antiHBs), measured blood lead and urinary coproporphyrin levels, hematocrit and conventional liver function tests (LFT) in 98 lead-exposed workers and 63 healthy controls. The results demonstrated that the blood lead concentration, urinary coproporphyrin excretion are significantly higher in the workers than in the controls, whereas the hematocrit level is statistically lower in the workers than in the controls. The prevalent rates of HBsAg (30.61%) and antiHBs (63.27%) in the workers showed no significant difference from the rates (20.63% and 74.60%, respectively) in healthy subjects. Among the liver function tests, GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, globulin and alpha-1 globulin in workers are statistically higher than in controls, but A/G, total and direct bilirubin are significantly lower in the former than in the latter. Among workers, there is no relationship between different blood lead or urinary coproporphyrin concentration and the prevalence of HBsAg and antiHBs, but blood lead concentration is significantly higher in workers with HBsAg-positive than those with antiHbs-positive. The cause is to be determined.


A novel high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method based on the internal standard method was established for assaying the tumour necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE) activity and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) activity, and was used to evaluate the inhibitive effectiveness of inhibitors to TACE and MMP-9. In the assay method for TACE and MMP-9, peptides labelled with the ultraviolet group-Dpa were used as substrates. Alanine-Dpa was synthesised and was used as the internal standard for quantitative analysis. After the peptide substrates were hydrolysed by TACE (MMP-9) for 15min (25min) at 37°C, the amount of remaining substrates were determined by reversed-phased HPLC with UV detection at 353nm. The relative peak area of the substrate was linearly dependent on the substrate concentration. This method was then applied to determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of GM6001 and inhibitor A for both TACE and MMP-9.


Since increased use of antipsychotics in people, their endocrine and metabolic side - effects (weight gain, obesity, and related metabolic deviations) are of particular disturbing, that appears antipsychotic - induced metabolic adverse events. A im of the study is to evaluate metabolic effects of olanzapine on weight gain. This 8 week, controlled study was carried out during a prearranged treatment protocol in an outpatient service, thus enabled to control effects of energy outlay and other life style related fa ctors. Subjects were randomly allocated into olanzapine (n= 217 ). Weight and calorie intake were measured daily . Serum lipids were measured at baseline and 8 th week. Olanzapine treatment were showed associated weight gain (F=0.8 5 % p<0.0 5 ). Our finding shows that olanzapine has significant effect in weight gain . (Masood Moghadamnia . Metabolic effect of Olanzapine medication on weight gain . Life Sci J 2013; 10(3):124 2 - 124 4 ). (ISSN: 1097 - 8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com . 186


The estramustine binding protein (EMBP) specifically binds to estramustine and was first discovered in the rat ventral prostate. However, the physiological property of EMBP in the human prostate still remains to be elucidated. To elucidate whether EMBP is interrelated with cellular proliferation in human prostatic carcinoma (PC), the change in EMBP immunostaining during luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LH‐RH) analog administration or during Cis‐platinum‐based chemotherapy, and the difference in EMBP immunostaining between hormone refractory (hr‐PC) and untreated PC were analyzed.


The invention relates to the usage of pirfenidone for treating hepatic injury and necrosis and acute lung injury, more specifically the invention relates to the application of pirfenidone in abatement of symptoms for patients with hepatic injury, necrosis and acute lung injury, and in lowering mortality rate. The invention also provides the medicinal composition for treating hepatic injury, necrosis and acute lung injury.


This study examines Chinese doctoral students' perceptions regarding their U.S. universityinstructors' academic and interactive behaviors. The author interviewed ten Chinese doctoralstudents from two universities in the Midwest. Participants discussed their instructors'academic behaviors, including pedagogical knowledge, instruction, and engagement, andtheir interactive behaviors, including openness, availability, and respect for students.Participants compared instruction and teaching between U.S. universities and universities inChina. In general, all ten participants were quite satisfied with instructors in U.S. universities.This study addresses implications for research, Chinese students and their U.S. instructors,and university administrators.


TMC207 is an investigational diarylquinoline which inhibits mycobacterial ATP synthase in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro. It is bactericidal to dormant tubercle bacilli, therefore offering a new mechanism for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

This study is the first stage of a phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Conducted in South Africa, newly …


The paper presents intrusion detection system which informs system administrator about potential intrusion incidence in a system. The designed architecture employes statistical method of data evaluation, that allows detection based on the knowledge of user activity deviation in the computer system from learned profile representing standard user behavior.


We provide preliminary evidence of potential risk reduction benefits from banks' loan portfolio diversification cross-border within the Euro area. Using aggregate data on banking sector corporate loan losses for each Euro area member-state, our estimates suggest that the static diversification benefit could be substantial. The minimum capital needed to withstand the maximum annual loss from a hypothetical fully diversified Euro area bank loan portfolio over the period 2001-2017 would have been only 40 % of the total capital needed to withstand the maximum losses on a country by country basis. We also calibrate the country-specific loan loss distributions and the Euro area portfolio's loss distribution to the Vasicek (2002) model, which underlies the Basel framework's Internal Ratings Based Approach. We find that the implied asset correlation parameter of a median country portfolio is about twice as large as that of the fully diversified Euro area portfolio. We thank Janne Lehto for excellent research assistance and George Pennacchi, Mathias Hoffmann, Juha Kilponen and colleagues at the Bank of Finland for valuable comments as well as Juha Tarkka, Paavo Miettinen, Jukka Topi, Nicolas Veron and Jeromin Zettelmeyer for valuable discussions at an earlier stage of the project. Responsibility for any remaining errors and shortcomings is solely ours. Bank of Finland BoF Economics Review


Cell type (e.g. pluripotent cell, fibroblast) is the end result of many complex processes that unfold due to evolutionary, developmental, and transformational stimuli. A cell's phenotype and the discrete, a priori states that define various cell subtypes (e.g. skin fibroblast, embryonic stem cell) are ultimately part of a continuum that may predict changes and systematic variation in cell subtypes. These features can be both observable in existing cellular states and hypothetical (e.g. unobserved). In this paper, a series of approaches will be used to approximate the continuous diversity of gene expression across a series of pluripotent, totipotent, and fibroblast cellular subtypes. We will use a series of previously-collected datasets and analyze them using three complementary approaches: the computation of distances based on the subsampling of diversity, assessing the separability of individual genes for a specific cell line both within and between cell types, and a hierarchical soft classification technique that will assign a membership value for specific genes in specific cell types given a number of different criteria. These approaches will allow us to assess the observed gene-expression diversity in these datasets, as well as assess how well a priori cell types characterize their constituent populations. In conclusion, the application of these findings to a broader biological context will be discussed.


This paper use quaternions to analyze the problems of coupling between the two control channels in orientation control of rigid body rotating around fixed point and brings forward the methods of decoupling control in firepower control servosystem.


We introduce a new data set on the strategies and tactics employed by belligerents in 197 internal armed conflicts that occurred between 1945 and 2013. The Strategies and Tactics in Armed Conflict (STAC) data set provides scholars with a rich new source of information to facilitate investigations of how regimes and their foreign supporters have responded to insurgent threats and the effects of actors' force employment choices on a wide variety of intra- and postconflict outcomes. In addition to seventeen novel variables that measure the strategies and tactics employed by governments and intervening states, the STAC data set contains independently coded measures of many variables that overlap with existing data sets—a feature that facilitates the replication of existing studies and robustness checks on the results of new studies. We demonstrate the utility of the STAC data with an analysis of the impact of rebel mobilization on the basis of ethnicity on the propensity of governments to employ forced resettlement, civilian protection, civilian welfare projects, and civilian targeting to counter the insurgent threat.


Background: Adolescence in girls has been recognized as a special period in life cycle. This period is marked with onset of menarche. It is linked with several perceptions and practices, which sometimes results in adverse health outcomes. So, this study was carried out to assess practices of menstruation in adolescent girls, to find out its related problems and socio-cultural beliefs.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out during January-February 2018 in two schools of Udaipur using convenient sampling method with 440 sample size. Participants were adolescent girls of 9 to 12 standard. Girls were asked to fill a pre formed, pre tested semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Here 68.41% girls gave history of abdominal pain as premenstrual symptoms (PMS). School absenteeism was found 44.54% due to menstruation related problems. Sanitary Napkins were used by 50.22% girls. And 66.54% girls were using water to clean genitals during menstruation. Restriction from attending religious functions was high (91.59%). Associations of absorbents used by participants with absorbents used by their mothers and sisters were statistically significant.Conclusions: Abdominal pain was main PMS. Restrictions due to menstruation were very highly imposed. There were all chances that same types of the adsorbent were used by the adolescent girls, which were used by their mothers and sisters.


In this paper, we study a norm denned on tangent vectors to earthquake curves. We show first that the norm of the initial tangent vector to an earthquake curve ht is equivalent to the Thurston norm of the earthquake measure a which determines the curve. We also show that the norm of the tangent vector Vt of ht is asymptotically equal to O(||σ||TheCt/2||σ||Th) as t → +∞, where C is a universal positive constant,||σ||Th dhenotes the Thurston norm of σ and the constant O is asymptotically universal in the sense that it is universal if t||σ||Th is big enough. As a side work, we also show that two cross-ratio norms defined on Zygmund bounded functions are also equivalent. Finally we summarize the correspondence between vanishing conditions on σ and vanishing conditions on the initial vector V.


This paper presents the design of generalized Chebyshev lowpass filter (LPF) and integrated with Defected Stripline Structure (DSS) using Suspended Stripline Structure (SSS). The study involves circuit analysis to determine generalized Chebyshev responses with a transmission zero at finite frequency in order to produce a reduced number of elements values of prototype circuit. The LPF provides a cut-off frequency at 6 GHz with a return loss better than -19 dB, while the DSS exhibits a notch at frequency of 3.2 GHz with a stopband response better than -40 dB. Thus, the integrated LPF and DSS will produce lowpass and band reject response simultaneously. The design is implemented on a Roger Duroid RO4350 with a thickness of 0.168 mm and dielectric constant, εr of 3.48. The simulation performance results show promising results that could be proved in the experiment works. This new class of integrated LPF and DSS would be useful in any RF/ microwave communication systems particularly in wideband applications where the reduction of overall physical volume, weight and cost is critical to maintaining its good performance.


Due to the continued digitization of industrial and societal processes, including the deployment of networked sensors, we are witnessing a rapid proliferation of time-ordered observations, known as time series. For example, the behavior of drivers can be captured by GPS or accelerometer as a time series of speeds, directions, and accelerations. We propose a framework for outlier detection in time series that, for example, can be used for identifying dangerous driving behavior and hazardous road locations. Specifically, we first propose a method that generates statistical features to enrich the feature space of raw time series. Next, we utilize an autoencoder to reconstruct the enriched time series. The autoencoder performs dimensionality reduction to capture, using a small feature space, the most representative features of the enriched time series. As a result, the reconstructed time series only capture representative features, whereas outliers often have non-representative features. Therefore, deviations of the enriched time series from the reconstructed time series can be taken as indicators of outliers. We propose and study autoencoders based on convolutional neural networks and long-short term memory neural networks. In addition, we show that embedding of contextual information into the framework has the potential to further improve the accuracy of identifying outliers. We report on empirical studies with multiple time series data sets, which offers insight into the design properties of the proposed framework, indicating that it is effective at detecting outliers.


In recent years, the development of high vocational education of Hubei is swift and violent. At present, the enrollment has already taken half of the universities of the whole province, which has trained large quantities of practical talents for the economic development of Hubei. Hundreds of thousands graduate obtain employment, driving hundreds of thousands families to go out of the poverty every year. High vocational education should insist on taking employment as the direction, continue taking the lead in emerging in order to promote Hubei in the middle part, make contribution for building harmonious Hubei.


Abstract Recently, a new class of light modulators, based on PDLC systems have been reported1,2. Here, we present a Polymer Dispersed Chiral Nematic (PDCN) utilizing the linear electro-optic effect in chiral nematics with uniformly aligned helix under an electric field, applied normally to the helix axis3. A fairly good linear response has been detected in such PDCN films, containing a chiral nematic mixture 6415 L (Hoffmann La Roche), possessing a short pitch (about 0.3 μm), temperature independent in wide temperature interval (0°C - 50°C). Response time of about 100 μs has been measured.


Background
Mitochondrial fission mediated by dynamin-related protein 1(Drp1) plays an important role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI), and biological effects of Drp1 are altered by small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMO) through SUMOylation.

Objective
To investigate the effects of Drp1 SUMOylation on CI/RI.

Content
Drp1 belongs to dynamin family, and its upregulation correlates with the fission of mitochondrial, a critical process in apoptosis. SUMOylation and deSUMOylation are a pair of opposite procedures in post-translational modification of Drp1, respectively attenuating and enhancing the binding of Drp1 with mitochondrial. The balance between SUMOylation and deSUMOylation determines the damages following CI/RI.

Trend
Stabilizing or promoting SUMOylation of Drp1 could be a novel strategy to limit the damage of CI/RI.

Key words:
Dynamin-related protein 1; Small ubiquitin-related modifier; Mitochondrial fission; Apoptosis; Ischemia/reperfusion injury


We have developed a database on the magnetic susceptibility (MagSus, and other magnetic parameters) of all so far by us investigated Almahata Sitta individuals and samples. Three sample sets are discriminated, details are found in earlier contributions [1-5]: AS (AHS), MS and MS-MU. Recently, we have extended our database of the MagSus values incorporating now all investigated individuals/samples of the Almahata Sitta fall of 2008, focusing on the above mentioned sample sets.


In the early 90s, academician E.K. Ailamazyan formulated the main provisions of general ecological reproductive science and the concept arising from them, according to which indicators of the reproductive function of women can act as criteria for assessing the ecological situation in the region. In 1995, an employee of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology. D.O. Ott.


The decline of postmodernism does not result only from changes in intellectual fashion (indeed, if this were the whole explanation it would say something quite bad about intellectuals). Following Viktor Frankl's claim that people have an inherent urge for meaningfulness in life, I suggest that another part of the explanation is that postmodernism challenged much of what many associate with meaningfulness (Frankl, 1985). Meaningfulness has to do with experiencing some aspects of one's life as of high value. But postmodernism destabilizes much of what is often taken to be of value. It is highly critical, more so than many others movements. Its criticism is pervasive; it is difficult to find anything we commonly do and think that postmodernism does not criticize and present as less valuable than commonly considered. The postmodernist critique also goes deeper than many others; it criticizes not the superficial but rather the essential aspects of its subject matter (including the very notions of essence and of distinction that I just employed). Finally, the postmodernist critique is harsh; it presents the criticized not as acceptable yet slightly problematic but, rather, as requiring thorough transformation. Further, the postmodernist critique targets and undermines much of what many see as meaningful. Many understand meaningfulness as having to do with coherence; stability; an integrated self; progressing linearly toward a goal; dependability; seriousness; and connecting with what is 'true' or 'real.' But postmodernism destabilizes coherence; presents a fragmentary self; rejects linearity; questions what is considered dependable; celebrates playful irony and self-irony; rejects traditional notions of truth; and sees reality as intertwined with texts. A person who experiences life as meaningless would typically not find solace in postmodernism. Hence, it may also be inadvisable to educate high-school students – going through their tortured, confused, and fragmented teenaged years – to immerse themselves in postmodernism. Admittedly, although highly critical and self-critical, postmodernism also espouses some notions as valuable. Some people – even if a minority, almost exclusively composed of sophisticated, clever, and cultured intellectuals – do find meaningfulness in postmodernist activity. Nevertheless, for most, postmodernism has been too radical and too difficult to comprehend. As far as meaningfulness is concerned, post-postmodernism may improve on postmodernism. I agree with Edward Doxc that postmodernism will continue to have an effect in the future, but that the effect will be moderated and mixed with the effects of other movements (Doxc, 2011). I foresee this as a good development in discussions related to meaningfulness. When moderated and mixed with other positions, what postmodernism has to offer to meaningfulness in terms of, e.g. playfulness, irony, and pluralism, will become more palatable and accessible. And traditional meaning of life discourse will become more flexible and pluralistic. One can already see movement in this direction in Schmidtz's discussion of the meanings (in plural) of life, the popularity of Nagel's suggestion that we cope with the absurd by adopting an ironical stance, and Suzan Wolf's non-perfectionism (Schmidtz, 2001; Nagel, 1971; Wolf, 1997). Moderated in this way, post-postmodernist discourse may well be a very helpful element in the educational system as well as in life in general.


The task-based nature of careers practice has often prevented careers practitioners from being directly and substantively involved in achieving organisational goals. As a result, careers work has become vulnerable to criticisms about its validity, and concern has been expressed about its general accountability. In the United States, careers guidance and counselling has moved towards the concept of careers programs as a way of addressing some of these issues. The United States' experience suggests that strategic program planning is an important skill for careers practitioners to acquire and use. This article describes strategic program planning, what it involves, and why careers practitioners should use it.


Lead finds wide application in production and living field,but it is a pollutant matter,which produces poisonous effect on people's nerve system,blood system and other aspects through circulation in the environment and human bodies.The harm of lead to the human bodies is classified as environmental type,occupational type,living type,medical type and mother source type.


Proteins associated or linked to early secretion pathway were identified by manually literature on mouse models and cell lines. The proteins found were used to identify CHO-K1 genes of the ERAD and protein folding pathway. Introduce a more systematic approach in improv-ing the protein production in CHO cell lines Employ a guided approach that integrates protein function interaction network, gene expression and comparative studies of mouse and CHO cells. Identify functional gene targets within the secretory pathway for modification in order to increase protein production.


Europe is entering demographic terra incognita. The imminent expansion of the European Union (EU) to Central and Eastern Europe provides a welcome opportunity to address the broader issues of Europe's current demographic metamorphosis and its likely future population structures, which already pose significant challenges to today's social and economic policies. The continent that was at the forefront of the demographic transition that has now reached almost every corner of the world is again entering a new phase in its demographic evolution. This phase is full of uncertainty, with no one able to say exactly how low fertility is likely to fall and how high life expectancy may still go. Previously unquestioned upper limits to life expectancy and lower limits to fertility now appear to be convenient assumptions without a solid scientific basis. Our limited knowledge about the longer-term demographic trends requires new approaches to systematically dealing with the uncertainty in all three components of population change: fertility, mortality, and migration. (For this reason, one of the first collaborative activities of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [IIASA] and the Vienna Institute of Demography [VID] was to


The vibrational frequencies of OH and NH groups which form hydrogen bonds to a water molecule are calculated using the complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method and the second order perturbation theory based on the CASSCF reference (CASPT2). As model systems indole(H2O), phenol(H2O), and their corresponding cations are chosen. Furthermore, different isomers of the 3-aminophenol(H2O)+ and 4-aminophenol(H2O)+ clusters are considered. For all these clusters IR spectra are known, but the IR spectra of the ionic clusters in the region of the hydrogen-bonded OH and NH groups have not yet been well interpreted. Due to the strong anharmonicity of the OH and NH vibrations it is not possible to predict their frequencies by a simple scaling of harmonic values. By using different active spaces including both π-orbitals as well as σ-orbitals it is shown that the vibrational frequencies can be derived from potentials obtained from CASSCF single-point calculations along the OH and NH stretching modes. ...


The studies on agronomic traits and cytologic characteristic of 30 wheat lines selected from the posterity of Aegilops tauschii(DD) - Triticam carthlicum (AABB) amphiploid(AABBDD) Am6 were carried out. Results showed that the 30 wheat lines have many excellent characters, such as multi-tillers, multi-spikes per plant, good disease resistance, large ear, etc. They are very useful in hereditary improvemert of wheat. But many of them still display unstable in cytology.


The Damietta sediment-formed promontory is located on the eastern half of the Nile Delta, about 40 km west of the Suez Canal breakwaters at Port Said. Following a long period of accretion, the promontory began to erode early this century with shoreline recession rates reaching a maximum of 38 m/yr. This paper documents the shoreline changes, the coastal processes responsible for those changes, and the protective measures that have been erected to control the erosion. Introduction During historical times, the Nile Delta shoreline was built out by sediments delivered to the coast through seven or more distributaries. Since the 9th century, most of the Nile River water and sediment delivered to the coast have passed through the Rosetta and Damietta branches, and these have built out the pronounced promontories apparent in the modern outline of the delta shoreline. The shapes of these promontories reflect the quantities of sediments delivered to the coast versus the effectiveness of the waves and nearshore currents in redistributing the beach sands along the delta shoreline. About the turn of the century, the general accretion of the Rosetta and Damietta promontories reverted to erosion *Coastal Research Institute, 15 El Pharaana St., El Shallalat, Alexandria, Egypt "College of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331


This work was carried out to evaluate the effects on zootechnical performances and economic results of young Balamis sheep supplemented with concentrate multi-nutritional blocks containing Sida cordifolia. It was conducted during the period from December 2014 to March 2015 at Sheep Breeding Centre of D


Ansrnncr. An experimental imprinting and headstart project was conducted to increase Kemp,s ridley sea tu,rtle (Lepidochelys kempii) nesting at padre Island National Seashore (PINS), Texas, USA. Frorn 1978-88' 22,507 eggs were collected at Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico, for experimental imprinting to PINS by exposure of the eggs to PINS sand and exposure of the resulting hatchlings to PINS sand and surf. OverallrTT.lVo of the eggs hatched. The pivotal sex determining temperature for Kemp's ridley eggs was estimated to be 30.2'C and the project turtles had an overall estimated sex ratio of L.5F:1M. From 1979-89,13,211headstarted yearling turtles from this project were released, most into the Gulf of Mexico offsouth Texas. An additional 300 headstarted turtles from this project were released after 2-16 yrs in captivity. Additionally, 10,198 headstarted yearling turtles that had been obtained as hatchlings from Rancho Nuevo in 1978-80, 1983, and 1989-2000 were released' with the objective that they would return to Mexico to reproduce. Through 20 04,9OVo of the Kemp's ridley nests ever documented in the USA were in Texas. From 1985-20041 171 confirmed Kemp's ridley nests were found on the Texas coast. From 1996-2004, 13 headstarted turtles that had been experimentally imprinted to PINS laid 24 clutches in south Texas. These turtles ranged from 10-18 yrs old when first detected nesting and were the first experimentally imprinted sea turtles confirmed to have returned to their imprinting site to nest. These turtles also represented the first confirmed nesting in the wild of headstarted sea turtles and first documentation of knownaged Kemp's ridley turtles nesting in the wild. Additionally, from 2002-04, eight headstarted individuals that had been obtained from Rancho Nuevo as hatchlings laid nine clutches in Texas. Although these findings suggest that the imprinting and headstarting projects enhanced nesting numbers in south Texas, from 1986-2003, more adult Kemp's ridley turtles were found stranded in Texas than in any other state in the USA. Strandings became increasingly concentrated on south Texas beaches during this time, with the largest numbers found between 1994.-2003, generally coinciding with the increased number of nests. From 1995-20031 152 of the 268 stranded adult Kemp's ridleys found in the USA were on south Texas beachesl 142 of the 152 were located during times when Gulf waters off the Texas coast were open to shrimp trawling.


Different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil (EO: 0, 50, 150 and 300 ppm), starter culture (ST: 0, and 5 μL mL -1 ), and storage times (up to 60 days) were used in a factorial design study to evaluate their effects on growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes during manufacturing, ripening, and storage of Iranian white brined cheese. In addition to the fortunate resistance of starter culture to EO, the growth of these pathogens was affected significantly (P < 0.01) by EO concentrations 50 ppm, ST, and their combinations. Therefore, a synergistic inhibitory effect between EO and ST was observed. Furthermore, according to ELISA assays EO can prevent the enterotoxin production by Staph. aureus during cheese manufacturing, ripening and storage even at its lowest concentration (50 ppm). These results suggest EO and ST can play an important role as food preservatives.


4. As early CCMAS33 (2010), much time has been spent discussing amendments to provide a revised draft serving as a basis of possible improvements. The revision of the guideline originates from the requests for more detailed explanations regarding the impact of measurement uncertainty on analytical test results, sampling procedures, lot assessment and its role in conformity assessment. Some members found it necessary to clarify why measurement uncertainty is important, what kind of influence measurement uncertainty will have on decision-making and its role in conformity assessment of a particular analytical test sample.


We discuss theoretical progress in turbulent transport modelling in tokamaks. In particular, we address issues that the conventional quasilinear type calculation cannot confront, such as (i) the nature of turbulence in the edge-core coupling region of tokamaks (i.e. the so-called 'no man's land'), and the dynamics of incoming structures coupled to zonal flows, (ii) nonlinear dynamics of zonal flows and (iii) transport by drift wave turbulence with strong wave–particle interaction. A unifying theme of these studies is their formulation in terms of the phase space density correlation evolution.


Small or micro hydro power generation is a promising renewable energy source that has received significant attention because of its capacity to generate green energy ranging from few watts up to hundreds of kilowatts. Small, low head hydropower plants are applicable in remote areas where grid extension is difficult due to geographical terrain. Micro hydro generators do not require the large cost of civil works for conventional hydropower and do not require the cost and environmental impacts of constructing a large dam and diversion structure. Recently there has been increasing interest in low head small hydro turbines by researchers and stakeholders who are working for rural electrification of off-grid communities in Nepal. This study discusses research and practice using various low head water micro hydro generators, including Improved Water Mills, Pico Hydro Generators, Gravitational Water Vortex Power Plants and Archimedes Screws, in Nepal. Major innovations with these systems by researchers working in Nepal are reviewed, and recent steps towards commercialization are discussed. The various technical and economic parameters of those systems are compared and evaluated. This information is essential for researchers and stakeholders to optimally select a suitable turbine according to site and economic conditions.