Many systems utilize foam encapsulants to mitigate shock and vibration. To accurately model the dynamic response of components encapsulated in foam, one must have a detailed understanding of the encapsulant material and how this material should be modeled. A series of experiments with increased complexity have been conducted to develop parameters for constitutive material models and provide model validation data for component models. This paper presents a model validation approach for analytical models with foam encapsulated components. This approach accounts for the stochastic nature of the foam material and the experimental uncertainty. In addition, the validation approach defines calibration and validation data and when the data can be used with the analytical model. Experimental data are presented with corresponding analytical predictions and assessments of model accuracy are performed using validation tools and metrics. Introduction Developing a linear structural finite element model that is able to accurately predict structural dynamic component response to various inputs requires a detailed understanding of the system and its intended use. Among the various modeling details required to develop a predictive model are: 1) physics 2) model form 3) material parameters 4) boundary conditions and 5) input loads. Incorporating the appropriate physics into a model is important and may significantly influence predictions made by the model. For example, joint models have been shown to be important when attempting to accurately model component responses as the joint causes most of the energy dissipation [1]. Model form is important when developing a finite element model as inaccurate representation or over simplification of system geometries can adversely impact model predictions. Additionally, accurate representation of material physics (e.g. isotropic/orthotropic) and material parameters are essential to a good analytical model. Finally, one must accurately model boundary and loading conditions when attempting to correlate or validate an analytical model with experimental data. An analyst is required to address each of these issues, some in more detail than others, if an adequate or predictive model is desired. It is often difficult to decide when a model is adequate. Many times, experimental data are solely used to tune the parameters of a finite element model without performing validation to determine if the model is "adequate" for a specific use. This practice, although common, does not incorporate a formal validation process. Such a process involves defining metrics of comparison, calibration and validation against the predefined metrics. As part of an ongoing effort to develop adequate finite element models for foam encapsulated components, a formal validation process is used to characterize the predictive capability of these models. The effort to develop and validate models with foam encapsulated components is being accomplished through a series of experiments with increasing complexity. A diagram representing this series is shown in Figure 1. The validation series begins with baseline material/component model validation and is followed by benchmark validation and subsystem validation. The material and component validation effort is accomplished using constitutive (Phase 0) coupon samples and Phase I geometries. Constitutive testing consists of quasi-static tension and compression tests, glass-transition (Tg) tests and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) tests. The Phase I or dumbbell geometries are simple foam coupon samples sandwiched between two end-blocks. The Phase I samples have attractive geometries for modal characterization as the foam properties are the only unknowns in this system and the modal responses are very sensitive to the material properties of interest. The Phase II geometry consists of two rigid masses encapsulated in foam material and surrounded by an aluminum case. Finally, the subsystem validation geometry consists of a single rigid mass encapsulated in foam. The subsystem geometry, however, includes three bolted lap joints. A parallel effort to develop the bolted lap joint model is being conducted and both efforts will be combined into the final subsystem mock validation of the Low Fidelity Unit (LFU) geometry. This paper will focus only on the material/component and benchmark validation efforts for the foam. Figure 1. Summary of three levels of validation with increased complexity In the following sections, experimental material characterization, model development, calibration and validation efforts are presented as an example of a formal process used to assess the predictive capability of an analytical foam model. Approach The objective of this effort is to improve the predictive modeling capability of systems using foam encapsulants. This effort seeks to validate a linear viscoelastic foam material for structural dynamics and quantify the variability of the model parameters. The effectiveness of this effort will be assessed by incorporating a detailed model validation process. This process is outlined in Figure 2 and clearly distinguishes between the use of calibration and validation data. Calibration efforts are those that seek "some degree of agreement with complex integrated tests in the required application domain of the code by explicit tuning" [2]. Therefore, experimental calibration data are collected for the purpose of tuning the analytical model. Validation data, on the other hand, are those data that are used specifically in "the process of comparing the results" with the analytical model [2]. Validation data are not used for calibration unless the assessment of the model indicates poor predictive accuracy and it is deemed appropriate to do so after failing to meet the validation criteria (in this case, new validation data would need to be collected to assess the newly calibrated model). Figure 2. Validation process used for development of foam encapsulated component models The development of foam encapsulated component models begins with characterizing the parameters of a linear viscoelastic material model using constitutive and Phase I data. These data are also used to develop a probabilistic model of the material parameters that will be needed in the finite element model. From the probabilistic model, several realizations of material parameters are generated to be used in the model predictions. After the Phase I calibration data are used with the analytical model, the newly calibrated model is exercised, with parameters from the probabilistic model, to calculate model predictions. Additionally, a new set of validation data is collected (preferably with a system that varies in some manner from that used for calibration). Finally, the predictive accuracy of the model is assessed using prescribed validation metrics. These metrics may vary in difficulty and should be chosen in a manner that best critiques the performance of the model for a specified use. If the model validates, the process is repeated at the benchmark level. This paper focuses on the validation process rather than selection of validation metrics. Constitutive Model Development and Calibration Data A linear viscoelastic model is used to represent the foam encapsulation material. To begin constitutive testing, compressive and tensile modulii are estimated from quasi-static tests. Five "replica" samples are used for each test type which required ten total samples. Because of the randomness in the foam coupon samples, the average densities vary from 16.9 to 19.9 lb/ft for a desired 20 lb/ft material. The resulting stress-strain relationships for the compressive and tensile tests are shown in Figures 3 and 4, respectively. The resulting average tensile modulus (38.2 ksi) is larger than the average compressive modulus (32.7 ksi) which is common among cellular solids and is consistent with the mechanics of foam discussion presented in [3]. Figure 3. Compressive modulus data (5 replicas) Figure 4. Tensile modulus data (5 replicas) In addition to the quasi-static compressive and tensile modulus testing, Tg and DMA tests are conducted to characterize the temperature and frequency dependence of the material. Five replicas are used to characterize the glass-transition temperature by imparting a torsional strain (1 Hz strain-rate) on a coupon sample and varying the temperature. The glass-transition temperature is identified by a knee in the stress-temperature curve and the plot in Figure 5 indicates a Tg of approximately 95 ̊C. In addition to the Tg shown in Figure 5, one can see the modulus decreases by approximately two orders of magnitude when the temperature is changes from 80 to 120 ̊C. Additionally, the plots shift up or down systematically according to the test sample density. In Figure 5, the sample from the top most curve has a density of 20.7 lb/ft and the sample from the bottom most curve has a density of 18.2 lb/ft. Figure 5. Stress-temperature curves showing glass-transition temperature The final set of constitutive experiments consist of DMA tests. Like the Tg tests, torsional strain is applied to the foam sample. This time, however, the strain rate is varied while the temperature is held constant and data are collected for a variety of temperature set points. Figure 6 shows a plot of DMA frequency sweeps at several temperature set-points. One begins to observe the frequency dependence of the foam material between 90 and 100 ̊C, which is expected given the Tg is identified in Figure 5 to be 95 ̊C. Figure 6. DMA data showing frequency sweeps at temperature set-points from -30 to 130 ̊C In addition to constitutive data, Phase I data are used to develop and calibrate the models for encapsulated foam components. As mentioned above, the Phase I geometry consists of a foam sample bonded between two endblocks. Both end-blocks for the Phase I calibration samples are made of steel and are shown in Figure 7. Moda


This paper outlines the evolution of the Italian liberal press's coverage of workers' demonstrations from 1919 to 1922. The goal is to show that the Italian liberal middle classes became increasingly philofascistic in response to the persistency of workers' demonstrations during this period. The paper analyzes articles from the Italian newspapers La Stampa and L'Illustrazione italiana, treating their coverage of general strikes, factory occupations, and workers' self-defense groups as proxies for middle-class liberals' interpretations of workers' demonstrations. By tracking changes in the liberal press in this way, it illustrates how working-class radicalism contributed to the rise of fascism in Italy.1


Background: Era after contraception witnessed increased prevalence in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, drug resistant tuberculosis, lung cancer; Objectives: Altruitic association between contraception, rising environmental estrogen, respiratory diseases [if any] is sought after. Methods: Randomized sampling of 20-35 years,35-50 years, 50-70 years, >70 years was done with bioinformatics analysis; Results: 4 fold increase in respiratory pathologies in contraceptive users than people without contraception; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showed 75-80 fold increase in contraceptive users , of which ~40-fold increase in smokers with contraception , 40 -50 fold increase in people with contraception but nonsmokers in 35-50 years, 50-70 years age groups; Tuberculosis destroying lungs, tuberculous pneumonia of entire lung , inspite of antituberculous (drug resistance )treatment was seen in people with contraception by 15-30 fold increase; Lung Cancer was seen with 5-15 fold increase in contraceptive users in 20-50 years age group. Conclusion: The concept is contraception, abortion has resulted in innocent aborted blood, contraceptive menstrual blood stained environmental pollution with hypoxia(obnoxious inhalational, exogenous stimuli), evidenced by rise in environmental estrogen; combined with smashed fragmentation of millions of germ cells every day , decreased endogenous estrogen resulting in defaulted genomic repertoire of every cell , leading to increase in prevalence of degenerative, neoplastic, autoimmune diseases , including respiratory pathologies ; contraception reversal to autologous germ cell replant effect, restored hormonal surveillance, regresses diseases of all systems , including respiratory system; prohibition of abortions will decrease the aborted blood environmental pollution, thereby will decrease lung cancers, pulmonary diseases, tuberculosis.


River Kisat in Kenya is increasingly being polluted serving as a sink for waste receiving effluent from sewerage, industrial waste and agricultural pesticide residues leading to heavy metal contamination. This has led to the contamination of the aquatic ecosystem and water used by communities for consumption and farming. Little information is available on the bio-indicative aspects of water quality using bioaccumulation factor by macrophytes. This study aimed at determining concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd in water, (Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth), Vossia cuspidata (hippo grass), Cyperus papyrus (papyrus reed) and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) in River Kisat, Kisumu County. This was determined following laboratory standard procedures using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results showed mean concentrations (mg/L) of Cd (Below detectable limit), Zn (0.2 -0.15) and Pb (0.03-0.03) in water. Mean values were within allowable WHO drinking water limits except for Pb which was above acceptable limits. Zn recorded highest accumulated levels in E. crassipes (72.43mg/L), C. papyrus (70.13mg/L) and V. cuspidate (71.03mg/L). E. crassipes was observed to bioaccumulate the highest concentration of the heavy metals with C. papyrus bioaccumulating the lowest (E. crassipes > V. cuspidata> C. papyrus). Pearson matrix correlation analysis showed positive significant correlations (r = 0.621; p = 0.027) between Zn and Pb in water and the macrophytes which reflected a common source of pollution and indication of accumulation. BAF recorded for all macrophytes ranged from 2.45 to 6.85, above value of 1, indicating significant bioaccumulation for Zn and Pb. The findings from this study showed higher concentrations of Zn and Pb in the macrophytes in comparison to the water in River Kisat with BAF values >1 indicating bioaccumulation which represented poor water quality. The study recommends local authorities employ monitoring processes with incorporation of BAF as a water quality indicator where low metal concentrations in water are recorded, introduce penalties for polluters and sensitize local inhabitants on detrimental health effects of heavy metal and avoid use of River Kisat water for agricultural activities.


Summary Analysis of the γ-globulin content and Rh antibody activity of eluates obtained from red cells of different phenotypes has revealed significant heterogeneity in the capacity of Rh antigens to bind and retain antibodies. Eluates prepared from red cells sensitized with anti-Rh1,2 were successfully labeled with I 131 . The uptake of these labeled antibodies by red cells of different phenotypes revealed the antibody specificity to be anti-Rh1. However, the amounts of radioactivity bound by red cells of several Rh:1 phenotypes varied significantly and the observed differences changed as the amount of available antibody increased.


We want to hear the views of all library users, residents and families to ensure they have the libraries in the right locations and offering the right services which are beneficial to those accessing them.


So far,the research of western medicine on acute gastritis has been very thorough,but there are still many problems,while the research on the subject of traditional Chinese medicine is less,which calls for more effort and attention to combining traditional Chinese and western medicine to provide the best references for the diagnosis and therapy,to relieve the patients′ pain.Here is to make a review on the progress in treatment of acute gastritis with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and the recognition of modern Chinese medicine.


It is shown that the L 2/2:-boundedness class (of Bochner's) forms an essential subclass of generalized harmonizable random processes, in a sense of Gel'fand and Ito. A solution of the linear filtering problem for this family is presented. An extension of the class in relation to Cramer–Karhunen families and the related Lp,p -bounded processes are also discussed. The filtering equation to the latter classes needs several new restrictions


We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that coupled metallic nanolasers can be used to emulate spin-Hamiltonians. Depending on the geometry of the array, we observe ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic behaviors, as well as geometric frustration.


by Jordi Sanchez-Cuenca Lago Agrio was established by petroleum businesses in the 1970s. Today it has 90,000 inhabitants. More than half the world's urban population lives in small cities and…


The study describes a Bayesian statistical model of selected water quality variables in 102 catchments. The model successfully described both the spatial and temporal variability of certain variables, and performed quite well at describing the site-specific means for all variables. Based on the results, the model can serve as a valuable prediction tool in the calibration region (and potentially adapted elsewhere too).


To provide holistic care to patients with advanced cancer, health care professionals need to gain insight in patients' experiences across the different domains of health. However, describing such complex experiences verbally may be difficult for patients. The use of a visual tool, such as Rich Pictures (RPs) could be helpful. We explore the use of RPs to gain insight in the experiences of patients with advanced cancer.


Temporomandibular joint disease (TMD) is a musculoskeletal pain disorder occurring at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the interface of the skull's temporal bone and the mandible 1 . This literature review examines the anatomy, epidemiology, biochemistry and cellular biology of TMD in order to frame underlying biochemical and cellular events within the human context of the disease. This review identifies several key elements pertaining to TMD pathogenesis, including mechanical stress-induced hypoxia-reperfusion, disruption of mitochondrial function, arachidonic acid catabolism (through prostaglandins and leukotrienes), cartilage degradation, bone resorption, and breakdown of joint lubrication. Based on a thorough analysis of established correlations and causations we propose an overarching mechanism that provides a holistic representation of TMD, something noticeably absent in the literature to-date. This mechanism clearly highlights the central role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of TMD, a conclusion holding significant implications for both treatment and our understanding of the disease.


Purpose: justification of expediency of application of the concept of business simulation for effective prevention and mitigation of consequences of crisis of the industrial enterprise and for ensuring his sustainable development in the conditions of stagnation of branch. Methods: during the research methods of the analysis of a financial condition of the enterprises, the structural analysis and business simulation are used. Actual data about work of the industrial enterprises are attracted from official statistical sources and from materials of long-term consulting practice of authors. Results: stagnation of the domestic industry and lack of effective industrial policy force the enterprises having growth potential to conduct independent search of ways of recovery from the crisis and increase in the stability. The modern economic thought suggests to use the "theory of firm" which has confirmed the solvency for the solution of these tasks. The research has shown that and subsequently to eliminate with one of tools of this theory capable to weaken considerably the factors causing crisis, to provide effective development of the enterprise, the concept of business simulation is. Conclusions and Relevance: results of a research prove that for prevention of crisis of the industrial enterprise, overcoming his consequences and creation of conditions of his sustainable development, not only the package of measures for financial improvement or restructuring, but in general modification of a business model of the enterprise as the decision directed to elimination of all range of factors of insolvency of business is necessary.


Introduction & Aim: Survivin quality is an individual from IAP (Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins) family. Its over articulation has been shown in tumors of bosom, just as in throat, pancreas, bladder, uterus, cervix, ovary, huge cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukemia, neuroblastomas, melanomas, gastric tumors, colon, stomach, liver, oral, thyroid, laryngeal, osteosarcoma and prostate disease. The fundamental target was to explore the degree of this marker in rewarded and untreated Ehrlich tumor bearing mice with prodigiosin (a red color extricated from Serratia marcesens has distinctive natural capacities) and investigation of its relationship with the development of tumor and endurance of Ehrlich tumor bearing mice.

Methods: Apoptosis was explored by immunohistochemistry recoloring strategy and survivin quality articulation was researched quantitatively PCR in six distinct gatherings of Erlich tumor bearing mice each gathering has 10 mice and gatherings were delegated follow: Group (A1) rewarded with 5 mg prodigiosin for 14 days; gathering (A2) rewarded with 5 mg prodigiosin for 21 days; gathering (B1) rewarded with 10 mg prodigiosin for 14 days; gathering (B2) rewarded with 10 mg prodigiosin for 21 days; gathering (C1) untreated gathering and killed following 14 days and gathering (C2) untreated gathering and killed following 21 days.

Results: Survivin quality articulation was diminished in rewarded gatherings (A1, A2, B1 and B2 gatherings) contrasted with those without treatment (C1 and C2 gatherings) and obviously survivin articulation was influenced by both time factor (14 vs.21 days) and prodigosin measurement (5 mg vs.10 mg prodigosin/kg body weight) which are two key determinants influencing the great reaction in rewarded gatherings. Expanding the treatment time from 14 to 21 days in the two gatherings A1 versus B1 and A2 versus B2 separately brought about huge abatement in enduring articulations in the two gatherings. For request, in B2 gathering (10 mg prodigosin/kg body weight for 21 days), the degree of survivin articulation diminished 4.38 occasions than that of the untreated gathering (C2 just tumor cells). While, in A2 gathering (10 mg prodigosin/kg body weight for 14 days), the degree of survivin articulation diminished 1.55 occasions that than of the untreated gathering (C2, just tumor cells). Relating to prodigosin measurement, obviously expanding the dose from 5-10 mg/kg body weight brought about critical decrease in survivin articulation from (1.197-1.55) and (2.22-4.38) contrasted with C1 and C2 gatherings, separately.

Conclusion: Survivin quality articulation levels demonstrated a critical relationship with prodigiosin dosages and time of treatment. This idea is clinically significant, in light of the fact that expanded survivin articulation is firmly connected with tumorigenesis, helpless guess and medication opposition.

Keywords: Ehrlich solid tumor, Arthrocnemum machrostachyum, Apoptosis, Inflammation

Methods:

Plant collection and extract preparation: Arthrocnemum machrostachyum plant was accumulated from Siwa, Matruh, Egypt by Dr. Mohamed Abd El-Maboud, Desert Research Center, Egypt, and was distinguished by Dr. Omran Ghaly, Plant Taxonomy Department, Herbarium of Desert Research Center with Identification Code Number: CAIH-4-6-2015. The entire plant was washed, and conceal dried for a week and was processed to the fine powder. The whole plant was cleaned and dried for 7 days and afterward was processed to get the powder structure. The concentrate was acquired from the powder (20 g) utilizing 80% methanol (200 ml). The acquired methanolic separates were left for 2 days at 4 °C, sifted (utilizing Whatman no4 channel paper), vanished, and disintegrated in DMSO to get 2.5% stock focus.

Animals: Male Swiss pale skinned person mice (20–25 g weight) bought from National Cancer Institute, Cairo University were housed in plastic enclosures (7/confine) and kept up on research facility standard trial conditions (temperature 25–27 °C, relative dampness 55–60% with dull/light cycle 12/12 h, and free access to adjusted eating regimen and water). Mice were adjusted to lab conditions for 1 w before experimentation. Creature's methods concurred with the worldwide standards for the administration and utilization of research center creatures and followed Helsinki revelation of creature morals which affirmed by Animal Ethical Committee of King Abdul Aziz University.

Median lethal dose (LD50) determination: The LD50 was resolved as recently depicted. Quickly, various convergences of AME (300, 900, 1500, 2100, 2700, and 3300 mg/kg) were gotten by dissolving various loads of AME in 2% DMSO and phosphate support saline (PBS) trailed by vortexing for 7 min until the arrangement turned out to be clear. A volume of 0.2 ml of every fixation was intramuscularly infused into 6 gatherings of mice (n = 5 mice/gathering), at that point mortality was recorded after 24 h.

Experimental design: The creatures (n = 28) were arbitrarily partitioned into four gatherings (n = 7/gathering). Gathering 1 was considered as a negative benchmark group. In bunch 2 [Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) strong tumor (EST) group] mice were intramuscularly infused with a solitary portion of 0.2 mL EAC (2 × 106 cells) in the femoral area at day zero (D0) and by vehicle (DMSO-PBS) at D12 (the day at which the tumor was created). In bunch 3 (low portion rewarded gathering) mice were intratumorally infused with A. machrostachyum methanolic extricate (AME, at a portion rises to 1/10 LD50; 180 mg/kg body weight) at D12 trice week by week for 2 weeks. In bunch 4 (high portion rewarded gathering) mice were treated as in bunch 3 yet with a portion equivalents to 1/5 LD50; 360 mg/kg body weight.

Toward the finish of the trial (D25), mice were euthanized (by beheading under ether sedation) and the tumors were gauged and separated into the accompanying 3 sections: the initial segment was safeguarded in 10% formalin (for histopathology), the subsequent part was kept in − 80 °C (for constant PCR and western smear), and the third part was solidified at − 20 °C (for Elisa and comet examine).

Results: Treatment with AME initiated hostile to tumor impacts against EST as demonstrated by 1) striking decrease in tumor size; 2) height in tissue rot and apoptosis, as affirmed histologically; 3) expanded DNA fracture; 4) diminished articulation of the apoptotic qualities (p53, Bax and caspase 3), and expanded articulation of the counter apoptotic marker Bcl2; 5) fundamentally upregulated cell cycle administrative qualities Cdc2 and connexin26, and; 6) diminished TNFa levels in tumor tissues. Strangely, a high portion of AME displayed an increasingly powerful enemy of tumor impact against EST.


Abstract Santiago, LCS, Lyra, MJ, Germano-Soares, AH, Lins-Filho, OL, Queiroz, DR, Prazeres, TMP, Mello, MT, Pedrosa, RP, Falcão, APST, and Santos, MAM. Effects of strength training on sleep parameters of adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 36(5): 1222–1227, 2022—This study aimed to examine the effects of 12 weeks of strength training (ST) on sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in adolescents with sleep complaints. Thirty adolescents were randomly assigned to 2 groups: ST group (ST, n = 18) and control group (CG, n = 12). Anthropometric, body composition, one-repetition maximum test, and sleep parameters (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI] and Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS]) were evaluated. Training consisted of 55 min·d−1 (3 times a week, for 12 weeks), 3 sets of 10–12 repetitions with a 1-minute rest interval between sets and exercises. Baseline and postintervention differences were analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations and the effect size (ES) with Cohen's d coefficient. Significance was set at (p < 0.05). After 12 weeks of ST, a significant decrease in the PSQI score (7.3 ± 0.7 vs. 5.1 ± 0.6; ES = 4.10) was observed in the ST group, but not in the CG (6.3 ± 0.8 vs. 7.4 ± 0.7; ES = 1.53). A significant decrease in ESS score was found in the ST group (10.1 ± 0.7 vs. 8.2 ± 0.7; ES = 3.08), without differences in the CG (10.7 ± 0.8 vs. 11.0 ± 0.7; ES = 0.56). The ST group presented increased total sleep duration (h·min−1) (6.2 ± 0.2 vs. 6.9 ± 0.2; ES = 3.60), but not the CG (7.0 ± 0.2 vs. 6.8 ± 0.1; ES = 1.32). Individual analyses showed ≈67% of adolescents experienced a reduction in PSQI (8.3; confidence interval [CI] 95% 6.8–10.1) and ESS (8.3; CI 95% 6.7–9.9) scores after ST, whereas only ≈17% of control subjects presented reduced scores (PSQI [11.1; CI 95% 9.5–12.9] and ESS [11.0; CI 95% 9.4–12.6]). Strength training improved sleep quality and increased total sleep duration.


Spliced leader trans splicing is the addition of a short, capped sequence to the 5' end of mRNAs. It is widespread in eukaryotic evolution, but factors that influence trans splicing acceptor site choice have been little investigated. In Kinetoplastids, all protein-coding mRNAs are 5' trans spliced. A polypyrimidine tract is usually found upstream of the AG splice acceptor, but there is no branch point consensus; moreover, splicing dictates polyadenylation of the preceding mRNA. We here describe a trans splicing reporter system that can be used for studies and screens concerning the roles of sequences and proteins in processing site choice and efficiency. Splicing was poor with poly(U) tracts less than 9 nt long, and was influenced by nearby secondary structures. A screen for signals resulted in selection of sequences that were on average 45% U and 35% C. Tethering of either the splicing factor SF1, or the cleavage and polyadenylation factor CPSF3 within the intron stimulated processing in the correct positions, while tethering of two possible homologues of Opisthokont PTB inhibited processing. In contrast, tethering of SR-domain proteins RBSR1, RBSR2, or TSR1 or its interaction partner TSR1IP, promoted use of alternative signals upstream of the tethering sites. RBSR1 interacts predominantly with proteins implicated in splicing, whereas the interactome of RBSR2 is more diverse. These results suggest that the functions of PTB and SR-domain proteins in splice site definition were already present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor.


In order to hedge against the accidents because of drunk driving effectively,The need to design an intelligent instruments to monitor the driver's exhaled breath alcohol content.The alcohol concentration detector is designed taken STC89C51 single-chip computer and MQ-3 gas sensor as kernel.The system hardware circuit is designed;the function of each model and how to select the gas sensor are discussed especially.It has the display,alarm and other features,and it has the high accuracy,low cost,small size,intelligent strong,user-friendly characteristics.The simulation result it has higher accuracy com pared to other alcohol detection systems.


Analysis of road crashes at the local level is necessary for targeting and implementing effective countermeasures. This chapter presents a contribution to this task. It describes the research carried out in Piedmont, Italy, where an exploratory approach has been used to link road crash data with information about the spatial characteristics of urban settlements. The analytic strategy is developed in three steps. First, fine-grained spatial data for road crashes, land use, traffic counts, and population distribution are linked by GIS methods. Second, a selection of the data is implemented at the municipality level and processed through a cluster analysis to identify territorial accident profiles. Finally, to show their analytic potential, one case study is discussed that considers road segments as main observation units.


Leaves of Ziziphus jujuba contain ziziphin, which has anti-sweet activity. We have succeeded in purifying ziziphin and in determining its chemical structure. The dried leaves of Ziziphusjujuba were extracted by organic solvents. The extracts were applied to a Sephadex LH-20 column and a fraction having anti-sweet activity was collected. This material (Zi-1) was subjected to high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using an RP-18 column. Among many peaks, only one peak had antisweet activity. To collect the active material more efficiently, Zi-1 was subjected to chromatography on a silica gel column, followed by an RP-2 column. The fraction having anti-sweet activity was subjected to HPLC using an RP-18 column. One peak with the anti-sweet activity was collected (Zi) and used for estimation of chemical structure. FAB-MS of Zi as well as the above HPLC data showed that the Zi obtained was highly pure. The molecular weight of Zi was 980. Analysis of alditol acetate, which


We present the software architecture of an open source Trac Engineering (TE) toolbox and a set of TE methods that we have designed. These methods cover intra-domain and inter-domain TE, IP-based and MPLS-based TE. They are suitable for network optimisation, better routing of trac for providing QoS, load balancing, protection and restoration in case of failure, etc. The toolbox is designed to be deployed as an on-line tool in an operational network, or used o-line as an optimisation tool or as a trac engineering simulator.


The problem of interactively rendering and navigating very large virtual environments has been well-studied in computer graphics. The two effective methods for efficient rendering of large polygonal models are to conservatively discard invisible geometry early in the pipeline and to remove unnecessary detail not discernible from the current view-point. There have been significant advances recently in both these areas independently but few comprehensive methods have been shown to derive maximum advantage of both methods at the same time. We presentvLOD , a scalable system for performing interactive walkthroughs of very large geometric models on commoditygraphics hardware. Our system performs work proportional to therequireddetail invisiblegeometry. We use a precomputation phase to determine cell based visibility as well as level-of-detail. This pre-computation generates the geometry visible from a view cell at the right level of detail. We encode changes between neighboring cell's vLOD, which is not required to be memory resident. At rendering time, we incrementally re-construct the vLOD for the current view-cell and render it. Due to the small run-time overhead, we are able to display models with over tens of million polygons at interactive frame rates with less than 1 pixel error.


The mechanism of chlorination of ammonia and aliphatic amines by Cl2 was studied by quantum-chemical calculations using a series of DFT functionals. Three different reaction pathways were considered for the reaction between Cl2 and NH3 in the gas phase. Several intermediates and transition state structures, not described earlier, were located on the corresponding potential energy surface. It is calculated that the reaction field effects (SCIPCM) on the chlorination is much less pronounced than the effect of a specific solvent interaction which was modeled by an explicit water molecule. It is also found that the calculated energy barrier and the reaction free energy of the chlorination of different amines are dependent on the alkyl-substituent effects. With increase in the basicity of amine, the chlorination reaction becomes more feasible. Calculated geometries of intermediates and overall reaction energetics are significantly influenced by the method for a treatment of electron correlation (DFT vs. MP2), and by the fraction of HF exchange (χ) in DFT functionals. With increase in the χ in the corresponding functional, the DFT results approach those obtained at the MP2 level, and are closer to experimental values, as well. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This paper presents the initial results of wideband channel measurements for polarised off-body communications at 5.8 GHz in an indoor environment. Channel Impulse Response measurements were performed simultaneously for two orthogonal polarisations of a wearable antenna (several placements) and repeated for vertical and horizontal orientations of the off-body one. Four types of scenarios were considered in order to investigate the influence of user dynamics, presence of people in the environment, and body-shadowing effects from the user or other persons obstructing Line-of-Sight in between transmitter and receiver. Initial results are presented.


We present the results of a deep near-infrared (NIR) imaging survey searching for very low mass young stellar objects (YSOs) in the embedded cluster associated with the Perseus molecular cloud. Our observations cover an area of ∼5′× 5′ in the NGC 1333-S region at J-, H-, and Ks-bands. The 10σ limiting magnitudes exceed 18 mag in all three bands. Based on NIR color–color diagrams, embedded YSO candidates were identified using NIR excesses. The derived frequency of these YSO candidates with NIR excess emission among all the detected sources is 58+10−13%. The higher frequency of YSOs with NIR excesses implies that NGC 1333 is an active and young star-forming region. Approximately half of the YSO candidates exhibit extremely low luminosity, indicating very low mass. Combining the reddening-corrected luminosity with theoretical evolutionary models, the low-luminosity YSO candidates are considered to be young substellar-mass objects. Furthermore, some sources could have planetary masses. In addition, we carried out CO molecular-line observations of the same cloud region. The results suggested that the YSO candidates are likely formed on the side of the parent molecular cloud and star-formation activity could be high. The K-band luminosity function of all the detected sources revealed a significant population of extremely low-luminosity sources in NGC 1333. The reddening-corrected J-band luminosity function of the YSO candidates does not clearly decline to the completeness limit and seems to be bimodal. We also argue that the fraction of substellar objects is larger than those in other young clusters and the mass function of the YSO candidates appears to be increasing toward the substellar-mass regime, similar to that of dust clumps. It implies that substellar-mass distributions may depend on the initial conditions of the molecular cloud.


Corona virus is an unexpected outbreak which can be said to be a health crisis, at this time social distancing is very much used to break the chain of transmission of this epidemic so as to do all work and education. Technological developments are very influential in being able to help activities to keep going properly, even if they are done only from home. Everyone is required to be able to use technology which continues to evolve every day. The purpose of this research is to find information about the learning systems and techniques in Cilubang State Schools during the pandemic period and how to respond as education personnel and students to deal with the current pandemic.online


The combination of phase demodulation and field mapping is a practical method to correct echo planar imaging (EPI) geometric distortion. However, since phase dispersion accumulates in each phase‐encoding step, the calculation complexity of phase modulation is Ny‐fold higher than conventional image reconstructions. Thus, correcting EPI images via phase demodulation is generally a time‐consuming task.


A new H~1-Galerkin nonconforming mixed finite element scheme of heat equations is proposed,in which the approximating spaces needn't satisfy LBB consistency condition.At the same time,without using the traditional Ritz projection,the error estimates of L~2-norm and H~1-norm are obtained,which are the same as those of the conforming finite element methods in the previous studies.


Abstract Immigrant caregivers are the backbone for supporting frail older adults in the United States. However, caregivers' own self-care need is often neglected, especially among racial/ethnic minorities. In the current study, a co-design approach was employed to develop a mobile app for raising awareness and promoting behaviors of self-care among Chinese immigrant caregivers. Individual in-depth interviews conducted through two co-design phases, i.e., conceptual design and prototype design. Twelve caregiver participants voiced their unmet self-care need and expressed their opinions about adopting the co-designed mobile App to access self-care information. The unmet self-care need includes both self-care barriers and supportive resources, and App features the caregivers wish to have. Three self-care barriers were identified in the co-design interviews, including culture-specific stressors, immigrant-status related challenges, and work-related restrictions. Caregiver participants expressed that they wish the care recipients could have education on the boundaries between them and a caregiver. Additionally, the participants reported wanted to learn about handling care emergencies with the co-design app and would like to see short videos and stories included in the App. Participants expressed mixed opinions towards adopting mobile technology – while most of the participants appreciated the content provided, some were concerned that learning with mobile technology could add to their burdens, and technical difficulties could prevent them from using the App. Designing the App to be engaging and fun emerged as highly desirable. The co-design process appears to be beneficial in having participants to articulate both current self-care barriers and preference for a mobile technology tool.


In this research it is investigated how character emotions can be used to aid the narrative generation process. To this end the Affective Storyteller is developed, a narrative generation framework where character emotions are closely interconnected with the narrative generation process. For story generation in the Affective Storyteller, it is first required to define a story-domain. A story-domain exists out of actors, events and locations. The Affective Storyteller can then generate many different stories given such a domain. A story is formed by a sequence of events. As the amount of possible events in such a sequence grows, the computation time for generating all possible story sequences in the story-domain grows exponentially with it. Dependent on the preferences of the audience such a set of stories typically contains both good, desirable stories and less or unsatisfying stories. Two main challenges in narrative generation are addressed. Since stories are valued differently dependent on the audiences' preferences, it is difficult to generate stories that fit all these individual needs. When we would be able to steer the type of stories shown at runtime, then this would enable coping with this wide range of preferences. The first challenge we address is therefore customization. We aim to show the audience stories that adhere to certain abstract structures. These structures can be build (customized) by the person generating the stories. Another problem in computer-based storytelling is the high cost in computation time and space for longer stories. When presenting stories to users at runtime, it is not desirable if the calculation takes hours. We improve the efficiency of the narrative generation by forcing the storyteller to take the requested customizations into account during the generation of the stories. When the storyteller considers storylines that will not adhere to the customization, then the calculation of those storylines can be cut of before completing them. The Affective Storyteller simulates character emotions using GAMYGDALA, an emotion framework based on the OCC model. The OCC model generates emotions based on how well the characters perform in regards to their goals. These emotions are updated after every story-event, giving us an emotional flow corresponding to the story. We believe this emotional flow to be a powerful abstract representation of the stories. The user can then define a filter that corresponds to these emotional flows. The Affective Storyteller analyzes the emotional patterns and rejects stories that do not comply with a chosen filter. This research shows different methods to analyze these patterns and filter the proper stories given a set of stories and affective data. Further, some experimental evidence supporting the feasibility of this approach, is presented. We tested the impact of affective filtering of stories on readers' affective perception of these stories, and found a significant effect on the perception of positively versus negatively filtered stories, supporting the validity claim of the filtering method. We further tested the impact of using an affective filter during the generation and reduced the calculation time exponentially in an example domain and filtering heuristic. Continuing this research would mainly mean to investigate how the filtering can be optimized for use during generation and to what extend it can be used to find stories that follow affective patterns that are known to produce certain qualities in stories. For example excitement or conflict. The overall conclusion for this research is that character emotions are a promising tool for plot management of stories.


The paper mainly sorts out the researches of national relationship of northwest in the perspective of Tang literature,and finds out some problems such as structure and quality of the researches.Based on it,the value and limitation of literature in the study of national relationship of northwest is analyzed,and some suggestions of this kind of study are put forward.


Semantic web technologies provide a new way to solve heterogeneous issues of geoscience data,and the special status of GCMD makes it a hot research in geoscience field.In this paper,firstly analyze the characteristics of GCMD keywords,and afterwards also discuss the roles they can play in the design of geoscience ontologies.


To assess prognostic patterns and investigate clinical and electroencephalography (EEG) variables associated with persistent treatment resistance in a population of genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) patients with a long‐term follow‐up.


E-business presents a rapid growth in China with the development of knowledge economy,which brings about the reform of traditional trade. E-business has a deep influence on social economy andchallenges for tax. The practice of E-business development calls on the reform of tax and system innovation.


A comparison of the 5S rRNA gene of Trypanosoma brucei (1) with sequences from other invertebrates revealed the presence of a related sequence (87% identity) from nucleotides 290-407 of a mini-exon repeat from T. vivax (2). Linkage of 5S rRNA and spliced leader genes has been demonstrated for the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans (3), Onchocerca volvulus (4) and Dirofilaria immitis (4) and recently for the trypanosomatid Herpetomonas samuelpessoai (5). The 5S rRNA gene is in the same orientation as the spliced leader sequence. Since both genes are likely to be transcribed by RNA polymerase HI (6), they could potentially form a single transcription unit.


Objective: To analyse the biodistribution of 99Tcm directly labelled recombinant human Annexin Ⅴ(99Tcm-rh-Annexin Ⅴ) in mice and to determine the effectiveness of imaging with this agent as a reflection of the degree of apoptosis after the first dose of chemotherapy. Methods: The biodistribution of 99Tcm-rh-Annexin Ⅴ was studied using purebred 615 mice(group A). After SPECT imaging, the animals were sacrified. The tissue samples were weighed and radioactivity was determined with a well-type scintillation counter. The accumulation of 99Tcm-rh-Annexin Ⅴ in the tissues was expressed as %ID/g(percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue). Eight days after being inoculated with allogenic hepatoma cells(Hca-F25) into the subcutaneos tissue of the right axillary fossa, the mice(group B)were randomly divided into four groups(B1, n=6; B2, n=5; B3, n=3; B4, n=3). Group B1 and group B3 received a single dose of cyclophosphamide(150mg/kg, intraperitoneally). Group B1 and group B2 were injected 99Tcm-rh-Annexin Ⅴ(5.55MBq/0.5μg/0.1ml/per mouse) intravenously 20hrs later, at the same time group B3 and group B4 received the same doses of 99Tcm without being labelled with Annexin Ⅴ. Radioactivity in tissues(tumor, blood, muscle) was determined 6hrs later. Apoptotic cells were detected with Annexin Ⅴ/PI flow cytometry. The morphological changes of the apoptotic hepatoma cells were observed by light and transmission electron microscopies. Results: The kidney had the highest concentration of radioactivity at all time points. On the other hand the liver uptake was lower and other organs showed the least concentration of 99Tcm-rh-Annexin Ⅴ. Cyclophosphamide treatment significantly increased the tumor uptake of 99Tcm-rh-Annexin Ⅴ[(0.48±0.16)%ID/g for group B1 and 0.30±0.06 for group B2, P0.05]. Tumor uptake of 99Tcm-rh-Annexin Ⅴ of group B1 correlated well with the number of Annexin Ⅴ/PI-positive cells in the tumor(r=0.813, P=0.04), on the other hand, group B2, group B3 and group B4 had no correlation(r=0.386, P=0.241). Conclusion: Tumor uptake of 99Tcm-rh-Annexin Ⅴ was significantly increased by a single dose of cyclophosphamide treatment, and the increase was concordant with the number of Annexin Ⅴ/PI-positive cells in tumor. The current results are suggestive of the utility of 99Tcm-rh-Annexin Ⅴ as a noninvasive means to assess tumor response, although further testing is required.


Some studies about the estimation of resident wealth have been carried out by many research institutions and scholars in China for the past ten years.And the 2001-2009 wealth sequence of the residents can be got by considering the characteristics of various kinds of assets with official data information in this paper.According to the results made by the descriptive statistical analysis for the wealth sequence,the residents wealth appears to a rapid growth and the assets structure is unreasonable.Finally,the article puts forward some suggestions to optimum residents assets structure and promote the transformation of residents wealth to the consumption.


On October 4, 1973, U.S. District Court Judge Noel P. Fox ruled in the Oliver case against the Kalamazoo school board and the Michigan state department of education, among others. On May 7, 1971, the city school board had adopted a desegregation plan. After an election, a new school board voted on July 6, 1971, to reinstate the attendance boundaries in force before May 7th. The complete opinion occupies 127 typed pages, in addition to five appendices. Following are major portions of the ruling.


The utility model discloses a vertical CNG gas cylinder unit, which is characterized in that gas cylinders (1) arranged vertically and horizontally are vertically placed on a positioning bearing plate (4) fixed on the upper surface of a bottom plate (3), spherical faces at the bottoms of the gas cylinders (1) are positioned in a spherical concave pit corresponding to the positioning bearing plate (4), the tops of the gas cylinders (1) arranged vertically and horizontally are pressed by a fixed bottle hoop (9) and a movable bottle hoop (10) which are arranged on the lower surface of a compressing plate (5), a gas cylinder valve (6) arranged at the top of each gas cylinder (1) passes through the through hole correspondingly formed on the compressing plate (5) and is positioned above the compressing plate (5), a compress pull rod (7) is arranged at the clearance among every four adjacent gas cylinders (1), the lower end of the compress pull rod (7) is fixedly connected with the bottom plate (3), and the upper end of the compress pull rod (7) passes through the compressing plate (5) and is locked by a nut (8). The utility model saves space greatly, reduces own weight, is convenient for loading, unloading and transportation, and improves the security.


Well-structured processes and methods are keys to successful construction and management of any project, however a formal methodology is detrimental when its costs outweigh the benefits, it provides. Moreover projects and teams differ, so one methodology won't fit all of them. Different set of processes are required to manage different projects. This selection of processes for each project is not simple because a lot of factors effect the decision. To address the long standing issue, we conducted a survey to make this part of the project management easier by facilitating the customization of the existing methodologies and knowledge areas


Dissatisfaction by railroads with conventional lubrication systems has prompted an evaluation of a new concept in rail and wheel lubrication. Conventional wisdom decrees that lubrication should be applied only to the gauge face or wheel flange, and to limit applying any lubricant to the top of rail or wheel tread. This article, in fact, tests this conventional wisdom and discusses the findings of the evaluation of the top-of-rail lubrication concept. The concept is based on applying the lubricant to the top of the rail and thus not relying on uncontrolled migration; and obtaining reductions in energy, due to rolling resistance, and wheel/rail curving forces by reducing friction on top of the rail.


Building new socialist countryside is an important historic task in the modernization course of our country. To build new socialist countryside, the following basic tasks should be accomplished: making overall plans and taking all factors into consideration, considering the construction of new socialist countryside in the overall planning of economic and social development; adjusting structure, taking measures suited to local conditions in developing characteristic agriculture and promoting the employment of rural laborers; reinforcing rural education and bettering the technological and cultural qualities of farmers; improving the degree of structure and broadening the scale and range of production and management; strengthening the building of infrastructure and improving the living environment in the countryside in a planned way; advancing the spiritual civilization construction in the countryside and constructing the harmonious rural society.


The CD28/CTLA4-B7-family plays an important role in T-cell costimulation and is crucial for IL-2 production and tolerance induction. The costimulatory molecule B7-BB1 (CD80) is expressed on activated antigen presenting cells, but its expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells is very low. Here we report a patient with untreated SLE whose peripheral blood antigen presenting cells expressed increased amounts of B7-BB1.


This undergraduate thesis analyzes about giving reinforcement by teacher to motivate students in learning English. Language learning is not a set of easy steps that can be programmed in a quick do-it-yourself kit. People achieve fluency in a foreign language solely within the activity in the classroom. Process in the classroom become the important part to transfer knowledge so the result of the learning process will be maximal. Reinforcement is one of the important steps in learning, can be functioned to motivate students in learning process. There are three problems of this study, (1) Does teacher give reinforcement to motivate the students in learning English ? (2) What is the effect of reinforcement toward the students' motivation in learning English? (3) What factors cause the unmotivated students in learning English? This research is designed as a qualitative research and conducted in odd semester at the Eight B grade of SMP Muhammadiyah I Way Jepara East Lampung Academic Year 2012/2013. As a source of data, the writer utilized two instruments  to get the data by using observation and questionnaires. The analysis of the data used comparative method enclose reduction the data, categorization and synthesizing the data. The result of this analysis are (1) the teacher have given reinforcement in learning English, it can be proven by seeing percentage of the analysis result that 75 % teacher often use reinforcement in learning English and 25 % teacher rare use some activities that indicated the teacher have given reinforcement in learning English.(2) the students are motivated after getting reinforcement in Learning English. (3) some activities that cause students are unmotivated in Learning English. By studying and analyzing giving reinforcement in learning English, the writer expects an English teacher should give reinforcement in all learning process especially learning English and should avoid some factors that cause the students are unmotivated in learning English because by giving reinforcement in learning the students are motivated in learning English. It means that giving reinforcement by teacher can motivate students in learning English.


It would be difficult to imagine two surveys of the same approximate century of European history, published within three years of one another, which could be more different. 1 True, both indexes list Bruno, Cervantes, Descartes, and Hobbes, the inflation of honors, Gregory King, and mercantilism-at the core, certain subjects must appear. But the treatment the authors accord these great themes are as far apart as Cervantes was from King. Ashley's work is suffused with a melancholic nostalgia not unlike that of the chivalric romances of Spain, while Kamen brings to mind the early statisticians, with their figures, percentages, and relentless self-consciousness, in which all effort is devoted to analysis, to lists of causes and results, to the verifiable characteristics of human life. How is one to choose between. two such varied approaches to the past? Is choice even possible or advisable? Is not history's strength that it is a manyheaded beast-that, like Ranke's periods, all methods are equally close to God? Perhaps. But even so, despite the special considerations that may come into play as audiences change, despite the claims of a particular tone or philosophy, there cannot be allowances where effective historical writing is concerned. Whether one's aim be to evoke a bygone atmosphere or to strip bare the forces that trap individual human beings, the standards of cogency, logic, clarity, and purpose must remain the same. On these counts neither book can be considered a success. Ashley often seetns to think that if he merely mentions a famous name, the past will reverberate on the page. But what on earth are most readers to make of a sentence that asserts "If one wants to know what [the people of the seventeenth century] looked like one can turn to the paintings of artists like the Brueghels, the French brothers Le Nain-particularly Louis Le Nain-Georges de la Tour, Hals, Adriaen Brouwer, the Molenaers, Jan Steen, Caravaggio, and El Greco" (p. 55)? Apart from the fact that both Rembrandt and Velazquez, obvious candidates, are omitted, and El Greco, the last painter from whom one might expect a recognizable likeness, is included, this statement is bound to confuse, since only three of the painters are mentioned elsewhere in the book. Moreover, for a work on European culture that cannot find the space to mention Comenius or an artist of the stature of Callot, it approaches whimsy to urge readers to dig up so obscure a figure as one of the Molenaers. Kamen, by contrast, revels in obscurity: his aim is to expose the undercurrents in the lives of unknown men and women. To him, therefore, one cannot object that hardly anyone knows where Saint-Erblon is (though a map


Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens has become a global concern. Classical techniques to invent new antibacterial agents are not sufficient to fulfil the gap. Different metallic nanoparticles, especially the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), have shown promising effect to kill bacteria, however, their chemical synthesis often involves toxic byproducts. AgNPs synthesis should be biocompatible and non-toxic. Therefore, biological synthesis of AgNPs and its anti-bacterial effect opens a new horizon in antibiotics research. In this study, green mediated synthesis process was used which is very conducive to environment and hazardless. The AgNPs were synthesized using the leaf extract of Bangladeshi Lemon (Citrus aurantifolia) and this worked as a reducing agent as well as a stabilizing agent. Characterization of the particles were done to perform the color transform analysis and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Moreover, a catholic bacteria E. Coli was objected to exemplify the antibacterial activity compared to a modern antibiotic drug Cefalotoxin. The "Zone of inhibition" was measured to determine the anti-bacterial effect. After the incubation of 24 hours, the zone of inhibition by AgNPs was 11.33 mm in compared to Cefalotoxin (18 mm). In near future, the green synthesized AgNPs could be used a potential anti-bacterial agent.


We calculate and analyze the fields generated by two- and three-dimensional quantum antennas from identical independent two-level emitters. It is shown that two- and three-dimensional quantum antennas permit to achieve much better localization of the distribution of the emitted biphoton and three-photon field and its correlations than one-dimensional antennas. This makes two- and three-dimensional quantum antennas promising for quantum-radar applications.


This article considers the premium, dividend, and cash value data of five life insurance companies to examine the rates of return that the purchaser of lower premium policies must receive in noninsurance investments in order to be as well off as he would be if instead he had put the same total amount of funds into higher premium policies. The examination is made under varying conditions. The policies considered are 20 year endowment, 20 year pay, ordinary life, and 20 year term. The use of the plural "rates" in the title of this paper is intentional. It is not practicable to postulate any one rate of return for the rates will vary between companies, and as will be seen, the rates are not even uniform among policies within a company. Of course, the rates will also vary if one varies the inv7estment time period, but the variation of yield with the time length of inv7estment is a well recognized economic phenomenon.1


Recently, the Round Robin Arbiter (RRA), a crucial building block for high-speed switches/routers, receives a new attention with the advent of the Networks-on-chip (NoC). In this paper, we revisit the RRA design with NoC as the new target application platform. We propose the Hierarchical Round Robin Arbiter (HRRA) a high-speed, low-power, area-efficient, and scalable RRA for NoC applications, which completes the arbitration in one short clock cycle. HRRA shows up to 34.28% increase in clock frequency, whereas it decreases the area and power consumption up to 19.53% and 33.81%, respectively, compared to previous methods.


The aims of this research is to analyze the effect of Capital Adequacy
Ratio (CAR). Non Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), BOPO,
and Dollar Kurs to Banking Performance (ROA) before and during the Dollar
Fluctuation on 2013.
The population object of this research is publicly traded commerial bank
listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2010-2013. The number of sample
were used in this research are 11 devisa banks listed on www.bi.go.id. The usage
method in this research is multiple regression analysis for the hypothesis which R2
determination coefficient test, the F test and t test with Eviews 06 computer
program for researching.
On the devisa banks the result showed that independent variable CAR and
LDR have not significant impact on ROA because their value of significant more
than 0,05, while other independent variable NPL, BOPO and Dollar Kurs has a
significant impact to ROA because their value of significant under 0,05. From five
independent variables, BOPO are the accepted hypotesis . Based on R2 test of the
independent variable on ROA showed the prediction ability 72,98% and 27,02%
remains are affected by other factors outside of this model. Finally, the 2013
crisis impact for bank profitability whether devisa


Naturally, the European Commission is focussed on deterrence and on imposing headline grabbing fines. It does not accept ITP arguments lightly, in part to avoid any suggestion that infringements will go unpunished. However, once a decision imposing fines has been published and the financial distress of the company concerned makes any payment unlikely, the Commission can be open to further discussion. First, it is possible to get a fine reduced even after the Commission has published its infringement decision. Second, instead of reducing fines outright (which requires a new decision), the Commission may allow the quiet negotiation of deferred payment schedules or other negotiated payment terms (which requires no public decision, and may therefore be preferable for the Commission).


Whilst the widespread adoption of electric vans is necessary to reduce carbon emissions, it is self-evident that adequate charging stations are a precondition. However, the investment case for basic charging stations without public subsidies is challenging. In the context of a London case study, four business models are compared, which integrate solar generation and new/second-life battery storage system with basic charging facilities. Considering uncertainties of electricity tariff and solar generation, the optimal infrastructure investment and operational planning has been formulated as a two-stage stochastic optimization model. Results show that: (i) in the integrated business models, the return on investment and charger installations could be increased by up to 5.39% and 17.06%, and the carbon intensity could be reduced by up to 8.13%; (ii) the nondiscriminatory grant annualized as 50£ is not sufficient, and a differentiated government subsidy policy may be conducive to achieving a positive return on investment, such as 50£ for fast chargers and 100£ for rapid chargers; (iii) in the integrated business models, fast chargers undertake more vehicle-to-grid electricity exchange with the pattern adoption rate increased by up to 52.38%, while rapid chargers mainly ensure the timely charging completion with the usage frequency increased by up to 2.82%.


Six Xinjiang apricot cultivars: early maturing varieties,medium maturing varieties and later maturing varieties were used as test materials,were stored at(3.0±0.5)℃,the changes of cell wall content,cell wall components content,PG,cellulase,β-glucosidase and hydrolase characteristics were regularily determined during storage time.The results showed:during postharvest storage,cell wall and firmness of 6 apricot varieties decreased,pectinase and cellulase activity increased,which promoted the degradation of the original pectin and cellulose,cellulose,hemicellulose,and covalent binding type fruitgel content decreased,the water-soluble pectin and ionic pectin content of the cell wall were significantly increased,which ultimately led to softening of the fruit.Among the six apricot cultivars,the firmness and cell wall content of the medium maturing variety-Luntaixiaobaixing,were higher than those of other varieties,early maturing varieties Baduyulvke with non-storability,the lowest content of cell wall showed a significant difference(P0.05),further explained the reason why the mid-maturing and late-maturing apricot had storability.


Substituted secondary ß-enaminothioketones of general type RCSCR=CHNHR react in acetic acid yielding the title compounds. The structure of these molecules was confirmed by 1H and C NMR spectroscopy and in one case by means of X-ray crystallographic investigations.


MSMEs are a key component for the economic and social development of countries, in Mexico they generate approximately 70% of jobs and contribute around 35% of GDP. There is great empirical evidence that shows that the lack of financing affects the economic growth of companies. Microenterprises are those that face the most external financing restrictions and indicate that high interest rates are their main limitation for not accessing external financing, therefore, they are the most affected in their economic growth. The objective of this research is to carry out a systemic review of the context of external financing of MSMEs in Mexico. The results infer that it is urgent to implement adequate public policies to strengthen the financial system and facilitate access to external financing under the best conditions for MSMEs to improve their competitiveness and economic growth.


In support of such policy, rigorous accounting rules will need to be developed that measure the impacts of biofuels on the efficiency of the global food system, greenhouse-gas emissions, soil fertility, water and air quality, and biodiversity ( 26 ). Accounting Rules Should Consider The Full Life Cycle Of Biofuels Production, Transformation, And Combustion.


This case study examined public participation regarding reconstruction of the disaster-affected areas in the Fukushima Prefecture of Japan following the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011. The study aimed at (i) identifying the topics discussed and shared by the residents, and (ii) revealing the contribution of the media to ensuring information transparency in the regional planning process. We applied text mining—in particular, correspondence analysis—to (a) the text data from dialogue sessions with local residents and (b) newspaper articles that appeared in a nation-wide newspaper in order to identify the similarities and differences between the topics discussed by session participants and those that appeared in newspaper articles. It turned out that the newspaper articles did not adequately address some important topics discussed in the dialogues. This implies that the coverage by the mass media has much room for improvement in the transparency of the information it provides and supporting the development and implementation of administrative agendas involving citizens and municipalities.


This article demonstrates the nature of infectious diseases; the invasion of the human body by pathogens and the subsequent spread of the pathogens in the societies; modes of transmission and the kinds of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs); and cluster infections with special reference to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Control of COVID-19 is difficult due to airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 with high emission rates of quants (ERq) during vocalization and opening of the mouth in the late stages of the incubation period.The concentration of carbon dioxide is a good indicator of viral transmission in the so-called "Three Cs" situation; crowded places, close contact settings, and confined and enclosed spaces. High carbon dioxide concentration may also influence the efficacy of viral transmission by changing the respiratory mechanism/behavior, and by altering the survival rate of the virus in the aerosols. In the 19 Century, hygienists like Pettenkofer emphasized the importance of ventilation for the control of infectious diseases. In the absence of decisive pharmaceutical interventions (PIs) in the middle of 2021, it is important to reduce indoor carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide may be seen as the miasma of the 21 Century.


The gene for the β-chain of the human GM-CSF receptor (CSF2RB) has been mapped to chromosome 22 by PCR analysis of a series of human × rodent somatic cell hybrids. In situ hybridization to normal human chromosomes and two translocations involving chromosome 22 and the chromosome expessing the rare fragile site FRA22A place the gene in the region 22q12.2→q13.1, proximal to the fragile site.


A review of the literature reveals that 125 cases of this complex malformation have been reported (2). Patients who have this malformation usually complain of a pelvic mass and severe dysmenorrhea. We report a similar case who has Mullerian duct anomalies associated with renal agenesis and accumulation of seropurulent fluid (probably sedimentated and infected menstrual blood) in the obstructed vagina.


Survival, Efficacy and Safety from ASCEND-3: Ceritinib ALK Lung patients (14.5%) had an AE leading to treatment discontinuation. Health-related quality of life was maintained during ceritinib treatment. Ceritinib demonstrated prolonged and clinically meaningful OS, PFS, and DOR in chemotherapy pretreated ( ≤ 3 lines), ALKi-naïve patients with ALK + NSCLC. The safety profile is consistent with that of previously reported studies.


197 Au Mossbauer measurements have been performed for Au(1 nm)/Ni(1 nm) multilayer stacked on pure Au buffer layer (25 nm in thickness) at 75, 50, 25 and 11 K. Au atom ratio in multilayer and buffer layer has been prepared to be 2:1; however, the area ratio in 197 Au Mossbauer spectrum, which is a superposition of multilayer and buffer-layer components, has been determined to be 3.2:1 in a thin-foil approximation at 11 K suggesting larger recoil-free fraction of 197 Au in multilayer than that in Au buffer layer. Temperature dependence of the area ratio has been analyzed using a Debye model and the Debye temperature of 197 Au in this multilayer has been determined to be 230±20 K, which is much higher than 164 K of bulk Au metal, suggesting the existence of the supermodulus effect in this multilayer.


The authors of this book argue that telecommunications can play a catalytic role in rural economic development. Unlike other strategies that target specific industries or regions, enhanced telecommunications can help a broad array of industries in various rural regions. Contents: Rural America in the Information Age; The New Economy of Rural America; Telecommunications Policy Issues Affecting Rural America; A Portrait of the Telecommunications Infrastructure in Rural America Today; Toward the Year 2000: Policy Goals and Recommendations. Co-published with the Aspen Institute.


In this paper we face the automatic construction of a lexical taxonomy for the Spanish language using as input a taxonomy of English (WordNet) and a set of bilingual (English/Spanish) resources.Although applied to Spanish/English our method claims to be general enough to be applied in the cases a skeletal taxonomy already exists and we dispose of methods for mapping items to this taxonomy with known confidence scores.


Abstract:A patient with myoglobinuria and hypernatremia is presented. The effect of hypernatremia on muscle metabolism is discussed, and hypernatremia as a cause of myoglobinuria is suggested.


Study purpose:
The aim of the study is to introduce the fatan contained in Surat Al-Kahf, and the guidance and guidance from them.
Study sample:
Surat Al kahf.
Study approach:
The researcher adopted the methodology of objective and deductive interpretation in the definition of the cat mentioned in Surat al-Kahf, and devising the minutiae and the instructions inspired by them.
The most important findings:
1. Surat Al - Kahf is an infallibility of sedition Because of the talk about the origins of great sedition in the lives of people religious, social and political.
2. The interest of the Holy Quran story in Surat Al Kahf Because of their influence on the souls and the characteristics of the stylistic news in the face of the miraculous and infallible in the Surah.
3. One of the reasons for the preservation of the king, and lack of fascination with the power of sincerity


Misdiagnosis, lack of specialists, and patient dismissal of symptoms can contribute to delayed detection of early cognitive impairment. Compounding these issues, it can be difficult for primary care providers to identify or diagnose cognitive disorders, especially at early stages (Kotagal et al., 2015). Delayed detection of dementias may lead to increased patient and care partner burden over time and a lost opportunity to seek treatment for modifiable risk factors or conditions contributing to cognitive health.


Abstract We used a double-tagging experiment on coastal migratory striped bass Morone saxatilis along the Atlantic coast to determine loss rates of the American Littoral Society's dorsal loop tag and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's internal anchor tag. We double-tagged 913 fish and released them into coastal waters off North Carolina and Virginia during the winters of 1991 and 1992. Over a 2-year period, 127 recaptures were reported. Of the recaptures, 77 fish had both tags present, 9 fish had only the dorsal loop tag, and 36 fish had only the internal anchor tag; the presence or absence of a second tag on the remaining 5 fish could not be determined. Based on a 60-d interval, tag loss (constant rate) was 7.6% for the dorsal loop tag and 2.6% for the internal anchor tag, translating into annual rates of 38 and 15% for dorsal loop tags and internal anchor tags, respectively. Although the internal anchor tag was retained at a higher rate, the dorsal loop tag is easier to apply and may be of use in volu...


Abstract : This report describes basic research needed to improve the scientific basis of applied human factors work. Six topical areas are covered; human decision making; eliciting information from experts; user-computer interaction; supervisory control systems; population group differences; and applied methods.


The Late Antique Little Ice Age, spanning the period from 536 CE to roughly 560 CE, saw temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere drop by a degree C in less than a decade. This rapid cooling is thought to have caused widespread famine, epidemic disease, and social disruption. The relationship between cooling and social disruption is examined here using a set of high-resolution climate and historical data. A significant link between cooling and social disruption is demonstrated, but it is also demonstrated that the link is highly variable, with some societies experiencing dramatic cooling changing very little, and others experiencing only slight cooling changing dramatically. This points to variation in vulnerability, and serves to establish the Late Antique Little Ice Age as a context within which naturalistic quasi-experiments on vulnerability to climate change might be conducted.


The melting-like transition in sodium clusters NaN, with N = 55, 92, and 142, is studied by using constant-energy molecular dynamics simulations. An orbital-free version of the Car−Parrinello technique is used that scales linearly with system size, allowing for investigations of the thermal behavior of large clusters. The ground-state isomer of Na142 (an incomplete three-shell icosahedron) melts in two steps:  the first (at ∼240 K) is characterized by the high mobility of atoms located on the cluster surface, and the second, homogeneous melting (at ∼270 K) involves diffusive motion of all of the atoms across the cluster. For the case of Na92, the icosahedral structure has a larger number of surface vacancies and melts in two well-separated steps, with surface melting at ∼130 K and homogeneous melting at ∼240 K. Na55, a complete two-shell icosahedron, melts in a single stage at ∼190 K. Our results on homogeneous melting for Na142 and Na92 are in excellent agreement with recent experimental determinations o...


This chapter discusses Cajun, the the most widely spoken variety of French in Louisiana, which oddly enough came from Canada.


The four-dimensional Hodgkin–Huxley equations describe the propagation in space and time of the action potential v(z) along a neural axon with z = x + ct and c being the pulse speed. The potential v(z), which is parameterized by the temperature, is driven by three gating functions, m(z), n(z) and h(z), each of which obeys formal first order kinetics with rate constants that are represented as nonlinear functions of the potential v. It is shown that this system can be analytically simplified (i) in the number of gating functions and (ii) in the form of associated rate functions while retaining to close approximation quantitative fidelity to computer solutions of the exact equations over the complete temperature range for which stable pulses exist. At a given temperature we record two solutions (T Tmax). The pulse is considered as composed of two contiguous parts: (i) a pulse front extending from v(0) = 0 to a pulse maximum v = Vmax, and (ii) a pulse back extending from Vmax through a pulse minimum Vmin to a final regression back to v(z → ∞) = 0. An approximate analytic solution is derived for the pulse front, which is predicted to propagate at a speed c(T) = 1203 Θ⅜ (T°C) cm/sec, in close agreement with computer solution of the exact Hodgkin–Huxley equations for the entire pulse. These results provide the basis for a derivation of two-dimensional differential equation systems for the pulse front and pulse back, which predict the pulse maximum and minimum over the operational temperature range 0 ≤ T ≤ 25°C, in close agreement with the exact equations. Most neuron dynamics studies have been based on voltage clamp experiments featuring external current injection in place of self-generating pulse propagation. Since the behaviors of the gating functions are similar, it is suggested that the present approximations might be applicable to such situations as well as to the dynamics of myelinated fibers.


DLR is currently developing several mechanisms for boom and membrane deploying spacecrafts. Two of the
related projects are dedicated to solar sailing technology to investigate this promising alternative space propulsion
technology. One supports the Gossamer-1 mission in which a 5 m by 5 m solar sail technology demonstrator is
developed; the second is the planned, up scaled successor Gossamer-2 with a size of 20 m x 20 m. One goal of the
development process in these missions is to achieve a deployment mechanism, that can be scaled up and used in
future missions with larger sail areas (Gossamer-2: 20 m x 20 m, Gossamer-3: 50 m x 50 m) spanned out by larger
booms. Within the EU funded DEPLOYTECH project the well matured Gossamer-1 boom deployment mechanism
has been adapted for the Gossamer-2 size. Therefore, DLR scaled up and redesigned the deployment mechanism to
work with the larger 14 m CFRP boom dedicated for the Gossamer-2 size spacecraft.

In this paper the concept and design of the up-scaled boom deployment mechanism are described, followed by
the main part that addresses the environmental testing performed on the prototype of the up-scaled boom deployment unit. The objectives, the test procedure and the results from thermal-vacuum, vibration and functional deployment tests are presented in detail. Furthermore, FE-Analyses for simulating the vibration tests are performed. In this regard the used FE-model is described and the obtained results are shown in detail. Consequently, the simulated and measured results are compared and discussed.


ABSTRACT This article examines how two works of fiction depict male same-sex desire in Australian military history. The protagonists in the novel Bodies of Men and the short story collection The Boys of Bullaroo do not identify as gay or bisexual, yet they develop intensely intimate friendships that become sexual. The texts come from different literary and popular genres, but they both represent what Elizabeth Woledge refers to as intimatopias: 'a homosocial world in which the social closeness of the male characters engenders intimacy.' Intimatopic fictions of war are queer texts that challenge binary and normative understandings of sexuality because the characters' sexual identities are not defined by (homo)sexual acts. Bodies of Men and The Boys of Bullaroo are intentionally ambiguous about the protagonists' sexualities, which are neither fixed nor fluid, but rather expressed as demisexual extensions of intimacy. The texts also challenge Australia's digger and Anzac mythologies by presenting soldiers as sensitive, vulnerable and non-heterosexual. As such, intimatopic fictions of war reimagine Australian military history and offer new, queer conceptualizations of same-sex intimacy, mateship and desire.


Disclosed is an assembling accessory (1) for a set of bins (10) of the plant at least two trays (11a, 11d), said accessory assembly (1) comprising at least one stud (2 ) configured to cooperate by form fit with a deformation (15d) formed in a bottom (14d) of a first tray (11d), at least one connection member (3) extending from the pad (2), the at least one connection member (3) including a receiving portion (3a) shaped to mate with at least a first edge (13a) of at least a second tray (11a) to be positioned below the first tray ( 11d).


Background: Prevalence of pregnancy with diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, poses a greater risk of maternal and foetal complications. Considering the scarcity of data in our country context, we conducted to evaluate the pregnancy outcome of diabetic mothers in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This hospitalbased cross-sectional study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology ward, BIRDEM general Hospital following ethical approval. Total 214 diabetic mothers admitted for delivery were included in this study, wherein 102 had overt diabetes mellitus (ODM) and rest 112 had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Informed written consent was ensured prior to participation. A semi-structured questionnaire was used during data collection. Collected information was recorded in separate case record form. Analysis was performed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 24. Results: The mean age of all study mother was 28.82+/-5.06 (SD) years ranging from 18-43 years. There was no significant difference in baseline data between ODM and GDM mothers (p>0.05). Diabetic mother with HbA1C >5.9% had significantly higher incidence of pre-term labour (51.26% vs 25.26%), caesarian section (87.39% vs 75.79%), polyhydramnios (10.95% vs 1.05%), foetal macrosomia (6.72% vs 1.05%) and NICU admission of baby (16.81% vs 7.37%) compared to diabetic mother with HbA1C ?5.9%. However, no significant differences were observed between ODM and GDM groups regarding any pregnancy outcome (p>0.05). Conclusion: Uncontrolled glycaemia is associated with pre-term delivery, caesarian section, polyhydramnios, macrosomia and NICU admission. However, further multicentre studies are recommended.


To more precisely measure and monitor bone health, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab and School of Medicine have developed the Advanced Multiple Projection Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (AMPDXA) scanner. This system provides improvements over conventional DXA scanners in image resolution and multiple projection capability. These improvements allow us to determine structural information about the bone in addition to the standard bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. Algorithms and software were developed to process data acquired from the AMPDXA scanner and to determine important structural parameters, such as the center of mass axis in three dimensions and cross-sectional moments of inertia. The analysis operates on three projections about 15 degrees apart, calculates BMD for each projection, and then combines the data into a three dimensional coordinate system. By knowing the patient position in three dimensions, bone structural parameters are calculated more precisely. Using repeated testing of cadaver bones, the precision of determining these structural parameters is approximately the detector pixel size of 0.127 mm. Data on artificial bone cylinders indicate accuracy of about 3%. Comparisons between bone structural parameters derived from AMPDXA and CT scans show very similar results.


Antipsychotic medications don't work well for one-third of people with schizophrenia, and these individuals have ongoing symptoms and reduced quality of life andareathigh riskof suicide.Because schizophrenia typicallyhasanonset inyoung adulthood, young people whose illness is refractory to treatment may not achieve milestones considered a "normal" part of life, such as getting a job, finding a partner, or having a circle of friends.


(1) The basic weight-temperature curve for insects is a rectangular hyperbola. It is profoundly affected by quality of diet. (2) Genetic variation in pupal weight is due to variation in the responses of development and growth to temperature. (3) In good conditions, the weight-temperature curves for different genotypes meet at average field temperatures. (4) Insect stocks held at high temperatures, or on poor diets, will self-select away from wild-type.


316L stainless steel is one of the metal biomaterials used in implant applications because it has excellent mechanical strength. To improve the biocompatibility and activity of metals, a coating on metal surfaces is required. 316L stainless steel is coated with hydroxyapatite using a dip coating technique. Firstly, the suspension was prepared by mixing 10 grams of hydroxyapatite, 1 gram of sago starch, with distilled water with certain weight which was then stirred at a speed of 250 rpm for 20 hours. The substrate then dipped 1 time with dipping time for 20 seconds. Coating hydroxyapatite was sintered at temperatures of 600°C, 700°C and 800°C for 1 hour. The results show that the thickness of the hydroxyapatite layer on the substrate has decreased with increasing amount of distilled water used. However, the thickness of the layer increases with increasing sintering temperature. The best value of shear strength was obtained in the addition of 16 grams of distilled water with sintering temperature of 800°C which is 11.78 MPa. Furthermore, the coating attached to all substrates is hydroxyapatite with an average composition of 99.37% as evidenced by the results of XRD analysis.


Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a severe enteric pathogen mainly affecting dogs. CPV-2 contains three antigenic variants (2a, 2b, and 2c) that are distributed internationally. Detection and characterization of the currently circulating CPV-2 strains are vital for the understanding of viral evolution, transmission, and the development of methods to control its spreading. Herein, we analyzed the strains in central Taiwan to provide information of local viral evolution, diversity, and epidemiology. Stool and blood samples from 24 dogs and 2 cats were genotyped by PCR amplification of strain-specific VP2 sequence collected during 2011–2013. 60% (16/26) of them were positive and 100% (16/16) of these positive samples were type 2b. Then, the full length VP2 gene was sequenced in 6 CPV-positive samples and a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed using both Taiwan and other strains worldwide. Surprisingly, all Taiwan CPVs showed high relatedness to type 2a. Recombination analysis revealed a recombination of VP2 gene between type 2a and 2b. This study demonstrates a recombination between CPV-2a and 2b in nature that contributes to the genetic diversity and evolution of CPV-2.


Mobile ad hoc networks have inherently different properties from traditional wired networks. These new characteristics present different security vulnerabilities. Some threats exist to a mobile ad hoc network from external nodes unauthorised to participate in the mobile ad hoc networks. Threats will also exist in the form of internal nodes, which have the authorisation credentials to participate in the mobile ad hoc network. Internal nodes can be further divided according to node behaviour - failed, badly failed, selfish and malicious nodes. Failed and selfish nodes are those which do not perform certain operations, the former due to some unforeseen failure and the latter due to selfishness to conserve power. Badly failed nodes may perform operations incorrectly, introducing false and misleading information into the network. Malicious nodes deliberately disrupt the network using a variety of attacks. All categories of node behaviour should be considered when designing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. (5 pages)


This paper details the application of two sparse matrix factorization techniques based on LU and LDU decomposition processes, whose solution allow taking advantage of the sparse structure of the conductance matrix obtained by companion-circuit analysis (CCA) through the application of the trapezoidal rule (TR) in medium/large-scale power systems. The main purpose of this application is to obtain powerful analysis tools that combine the CCA method and two factorization techniques (e.g. CCATR-LU and CCATR-LDU) to obtain the solution of power systems without requiring a large amount computational effort. The combined methods are now applied as a tool for the study of voltage sags in the modified IEEE 30bus test system, in order to demonstrate its accuracy and CPU time. The results obtained by the sparse methods (CCATR-LU and CCATR-LDU) are validated in terms of accuracy and CPU time against those obtained by the conventional methods (CCATR-LU and CCATR-LDU) and the PSCAD/EMTDC® simulator.


Basic research was carried out to study sludge reduction by ozonation in an activated sludge process . This basic research was done towards the development of a wastewater biological treatment method with minimized excess sludge . Continuous tests were conducted, mainly to study the relationship between sludge liquefaction by ozonation and sludge reduction , as well as the stability of treatment in which activated sludge is deactivated in the liquefaction process . Studies were also made, through batch tests of activated sludge liquefaction by ozone injection , on the behavior of matter and changes in the degree of activated sludge nitrification activity. The liquefied sludge amount (•¢L) increased along an increase in the amount of injected ozone per day, as did the amount of sludge reduction (•¢XR). The amount of sludge reduction versus the amount of sludge liquefaction (•¢XR/•¢L) immediately after ozonation was 13, while that versus the same including the liquefied amount in the aeration tank was approximately 0.8. The S-BOD in treated water showed almost no increase , while the S-TOC, S-CODMn, and TP did. Comparing treatment by acidic ozonation, by which activated sludge was deactivated after the liquefaction process , and conventional ozonation, it was found that the quality of treated water worsened especially under high BOD sludge loads (0.2 kg/kg/d), indicating that an effective sludge reduction was not being achieved . Batch test results showed that there was a progress in activated sludge liquefaction along an increase in the injected ozone . However, there was a drop in the relative sludge nitrification degree, a drop to 20% at an ozone injection rate exceeding 40 mg-O3/g-MLVSS . A relation was also indicated between the elusion of K (Potasium) and the degree of activated sludge activity. KEYWORDS; Ozonation, Acidic Ozonation, Activated sludge process , Sludge Liquefaction, Sludge Reduction, Activity of Activated Sludge 1. はじめに 下水等の有機性汚水は一般的に活性汚泥法において処理される。この処理では余剰汚泥が発生し、特に人口の 多い都市部においてはその発生量が集中するため、汚泥の処理 ・処分問題が顕在化している。現在、余剰汚泥の処 理 ・処分は脱水 ・乾燥 ・焼却後埋め立て処分されることが主流である。1996年度の下水汚泥の発生量は171万 ト ン-DSであり、その内埋立処分される量は約60%の104万 トン-DSである1)。また、汚泥処理のコストは年々高騰 しているのが現状であり、余剰汚泥を発生しない生物処理システムが望まれている。 最近、汚泥を液化する工程と好気性処理とを組み合わせることで、余剰汚泥をほぼゼロとする試みがなされて いる。この減容化での汚泥を液化する工程には、超臨界法や亜臨界法による高エネルギー処理2)、アルカリ3)やオ ゾン酸化4)~7)などを用いた化学的処理、好熱細菌による生物学的処理8)9)、ミルを用いた機械的処理10)11)などの検 討が報告されている。これらの汚泥減容化の研究の中で、汚泥液化量と汚泥減少量の定量的な考察が少ないため、 最適な操作条件が明らかになっているとは言い難い。さらに、液化処理においては、微生物の細胞膜を一部破壊し て細胞内の貯留物質を液中に溶出する作用がある一面、他方では生物処理を行う微生物を失活することにつなが る。筆者らは、オゾン処理の減容化において、オゾンによる減容化と液化の関係、液化処理工程において活性汚泥 を失活させた場合の処理の安定性等を連続実験で検討した。ここでは、実験で得られた知見を報告する。 *(株)荏 原 総 合研 究 所(EBARA Research CO .,LTD)


THE INVENTION IS TO COMPOUND OR PHARMACEUTICALLY ACCEPTABLE SALTS THEREOF, THE LATTER ANSWERING THE FORMULA: (CF DRAWING IN BOPI) WHERE R REPRESENTS AN ATOM HYDROGEN , A RADICAL nAPHTHYL, indanyl, tetrahydronaphthyl or pYRIDYL OR A RADICAL PHENYL CAN WEAR 1 TO 3 substituents SELECTED IN THE GROUP WITH ATOMS AND HALOGEN aLKYL RADICALS, aLKENYL, alkoxy, alkanoyl, cYANO, fORMYL, tRIFLUOROMETHYL, pHENYL, pHENYLALKYL, ALCANYLAMINO, aminosulphonyl, carboxyl, alkoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, BENZOYLVINYLE, PHENYLVINYLCARBONYLE, carboxy, AND DIPHENYLMETHYLOXYCARBONYLVINYLE; A REPRESENTS AN ATOM OF OXYGEN AND SULFUR; AND N IS A WHOLE NUMBER FROM 0 TO 3, R CAN NOT HOWEVER REPRESENT A HYDROGEN ATOM WHEN N0. PREPARATION OF SYNTHETIC PENICILLINS.


The invention discloses a method for storing and searching data in a peer to peer (P2P) network. The method comprises the follows steps: generating a data resource identifier according to the data to be stored, and then storing the data to be stored to a data storage node; determining an index storage node according to each searching property of the data, and storing the data resource identifier or a data identifier, and an index relationship of the searching property into the index storage node; and when the data are searched, after the index relationship is searched from the index storage node according to the searching property, the corresponding data are searched according to the data resource identifier or the data identifier in the index storage node. The invention also discloses a system for storing and searching the data in the P2P network. By the method and the system, index data can be dispersively stored in different nodes in the P2P network, the dispersibility of the storing and the searching is improved; and when the data are searched, only corresponding one or few nodes are searched, so that searching efficiency is higher.


The legislative framework allows HSE to regulate contaminated land on licensed sites. HSE considers land and materials contaminated with radioactivity to be radioactive waste and will regulate it accordingly. Licensees should address contaminated land in their strategies for managing radioactive wastes. Safety cases to justify those trategies hould how vhat options have been considered and that risks imposed on present and future generations will be as low as reasonably practicable.


This article outlines the creation of a minority teacher recruitment program developed by a local teachers union along with the school district. It traces the early elements necessary to create a successful program, discusses how the program has met the initial goals established by the partnership, and details why the program is a success. The article also provides a list of recommendations for other teacher unions and school districts interested in developing a quality minority teacher recruitment program.