From review of the literature it can be concluded that human immunodeficiency virus (HFV) dementia presents a distinct clinical entity with cognitive, motoric, and behavioral impairments, apparently caused by the neurotoxic effect of HIV. Histopathologic investigations demonstrate a unique combination of white matter atrophy and multinuclear cell infiltration. Functional imaging methods, such as electroencephalography (EEG), positron emission tomography (PET), and, especially, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are superior to morphologic methods (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) in demonstrating early stages. The brain is infected early, apparently already a few months after seroconversion, but cognitive impairments seldom develop in asymptomatic stages, even years after infection. HIV dementia occurs typically at the same time as immunosuppression, and most AIDS patients develop the condition in late stages.


This paper describes the preliminary work of image separation between natural and artificial objects using fractal dimensions by noting that most of natural images have non-integer dimensions while artificial ones have integer dimensions.


Over a few decades it is observed that the number of vehicles has increased because of which the level of noise emitted by vehicles is getting worse. Exhaust noise is preferred to be highest than the other structural noise. So, acoustic filters are used for reducing this noise coming from the exhaust system. Simple expansion chamber muffler is one such filters. Transmission loss is the main performance parameter for evaluating the noise reduced by this muffler. In this study a new design of muffler is proposed by optimization, where length and diameter of chamber are considered as the main parameter for optimization. This design is created in CAD software and the acoustic analysis for the muffler is performed through simulation method in ANSYS software. The results obtained from analysis are compared with the work performed by two other authors. From this it is found that the optimized single expansion chamber muffler gives us better acoustic performance value.


The p53 tumor suppressor pathway is disrupted by human papillomavirus (HPV) in most cervical cancer cells. The E6 proteins, which could mediate p53 degradation, are related to cellular immortalization, transformation, and tumor formation. In order to study the E6 abrogated p53 function in stress, we transfected HPV‐16 E6 gene to TK6 cells in this study. Here we showed that HPV‐16 E6 mRNA levels decreased in a dose dependent manner after sodium arsenite (SA) treatment, but not after X‐irradiation. P53, p21, and MDM2 were induced in E6‐transfected TK6 cells, as well as in parental TK6 cells after arsenite treatment. But the above proteins were only induced in TK6 cells after X‐irradiation. It indicated that arsenite, but not X‐ray, could suppress the transcription of E6 gene and therefore activate the p53 tumor suppressor pathway in TK6‐E6 cells. After arsenite treatment, TK6‐E6 cells showed more sub‐G1 apoptosis, activated caspase‐3/CPP32 fragment, DNA ladder, and less viability than parental TK6 cells, indicating that arsenite enhanced apoptosis in E6‐transfected TK6 cells. In contrast, after X‐irradiation, TK6‐E6 cells showed less sub‐G1 apoptosis and higher viability than parental TK6 cells. Thus, it would be another possible strategy to promote arsenite as another potential candidate for the therapeutic purpose in HPV‐positive cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 84: 615–624, 2002. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


: Industry-education integration is a crucial development strategy for promoting higher education and vocational education in China. It is also an important strategy for fostering new drivers of social development in the new era. Currently, the talents produced by application-oriented universities often do not match the needs of employers, making it difficult for companies to find suitable talents and leaving university graduates facing employment challenges. This paper intends to explore effective methods and measures for reforming the practical teaching model for cultivating innovative and entrepreneurial abilities in students from the perspective of industry-education integration, aiming to meet the market's urgent demand for innovative and entrepreneurial talents. This will help improve the teaching quality of universities and contribute to the development of practical teaching models for innovative talent cultivation in application-oriented universities.


This thesis presents the basic theory for hidden Markov models and standard inference algorithms for these. The performance for these algorithms are examined with the help of a small test problem and the algorithms are found to operate properly. An application of hidden Markov models for modelling the movements of a prawn is implemented. This model is shown to be significantly better to use for the problem than a more simple model, where all movements are independent. The model also proves useful for finding the time points for where the prawn changed direction. As a brief example of how this model can be used, logistic regression is used to find that the distance to neighbouring prawns have an effect on the probability of changing direction.


The procedures of amperometric and potentiometric determination of chromium, manganese, vanadium and cerium in raw and materials of metallurgical production using a weight automatic titrator «TITRION» have been developed and implemented at the Research center of the Institute for Certified Reference Materials (ICRM). The use of the device provides automation of the titration along with collection of information and data processing which reduces the labor costs, shortens the analysis time, and improves the metrological characteristics. The developed methods, included in the branch and Federal Register, cover almost the entire range of the state standard reference samples of the raw and materials of metallurgical production in a wide range of detectable concentrations and match the metrological requirements.


( a 4 1 " ABSTRACT This paper outlink,s:,the results of a systematic study of the vacuum pan crystallisation process, directed towards the formulation of a mathematical model which can be used to predict pan performance over a range of conditions. The paper deals with the selection of the model equations, and the setting up of a model which would predict the mass and size distribution of product crystals from data on the initial conditions and the progressive feed quantities and operating conditions. The model describes the crystal size distribution by its moments, and incorporates a size dispersion function to predict accurately the spread of sizes resulting from crystallisation. The important parameters of the model were evaluated from data logged from an experimental pan at a Queensland raw sugar factory. A brief outline of the uses of such a model in simulation of the batch and continuous boiling of sugar strikes is given.


Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a recognized risk factor for later development of neurodegenerative disease. However, the mechanisms contributing to neurodegeneration following TBI remain obscure.


The Raman spectra of the system NiS2—xSex are investigated for x = 0.00, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, and 0.55, at room temperature and at temperatures below the point where the x = 0.55 sample suffers a resistivity change from semiconducting (T ≥ 120 K) to metallic (T ≥ 120 K). No qualitative or anomalous quantitative changes in the spectrum of the sample are found that could be associated with the anomaly in its transport properties. A mode of Ag symmetry appears in the alloys which is absent from the spectrum of pure NiS2. This mode is successfully explained in terms of vibrations of S—Se pairs. Other modes decrease in frequency with increasing selenium concentration, a trend easily understood considering the increase in the unit cell volume with increasing x.


Three ionic liquids (ILs) (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide, [EMIM]Br; 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [EMIM]Cl; and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, [EMIM][Ac]) were used for the separation of the ethyl acetate + methanol azeotropic mixture. The vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) data of ethyl acetate + methanol azeotropic mixtures containing ILs were measured at 101.3 kPa. The three ILs show significant salting-out effects on ethyl acetate. The azeotropic point of the ethyl acetate + methanol azeotropic system is eliminated when the mole content of IL reaches a special value. The separation abilities of the three ILs follow the order [EMIM][Ac] > [EMIM]Cl > [EMIM]Br. The experimental data are correlated well by the nonrandom two-liquid model.


Ideally, distributed algorithms isolate the side-effects of faults within local neighborhoods of impact. Failure locality quantifies this concept as the maximum radius of impact caused by a given fault. We present new locality results for the dining philosophers problem subject to crash failures. The optimal crash locality for dining is 0 in synchronous networks, but degrades to 2 in asynchronous networks. Using the eventually-perfect failure detector /spl diams/P , we construct the first known dining algorithms with crash locality 1 under partial synchrony. These algorithms close the failure-locality complexity gap and improve the crash tolerance of resource allocation algorithms in practical networks. We prove the optimality of our results with two fundamental theorems. First, no dining solution using /spl diams/P achieves locality 0. Second, /spl diams/P is the weakest failure detector in the Chandra-Toueg hierarchy to realize locality 1.


This chapter considers solar radiation management, also known as solar geoengineering, which seeks to manipulate Earth's climate energy balance by reducing the absorption of incoming solar energy. As the chapter explains, this approach spans a class of proposed measures that has been polarizing the community, with some advocating it as an essential means of keeping global warming within acceptable limits, while others see only grave drawbacks and dangers. The chapter describes the two approaches to limiting the absorption of solar energy: measures taken in space, between Earth and the Sun, to reflect or disperse solar radiation before it even hits Earth's atmosphere; and measures taken in Earth's atmosphere or at the Earth's surface to reflect incoming solar radiation. It goes on to discuss the various proposed methods, their potential, and their drawbacks.


To a great extent the attention paid English Puritanism centers on the long swell of dissent that crested into civil war only to neglect the movement's ebb. This relative indifference occurs in part because the rip tides of godly revolution carry more interest than do Nonconformity's bland eddies, but conceptual issues figure too, for Puritanism has proved notoriously difficult to pin down, and numerous interpretations deny its existence as a phenomenon after the mid-seventeenth century. Whether envisioned as a program of religious protest, political resistance, or moral regeneration, the front seems to fracture into sectarian splinters during the 1640s or collapse with Charles IPs return. Rebutting these views, Dewey D. Wallace, Jr., defines Puritanism in a way that extends its longevity, arguing that it was essentially a devotional movement embodying a distinctive Calvinist spirituality cutting across denominational identities, and that this "common configuration of religious attitudes" (p. vii) fashioned by earlier generations of Saints remained vital even beyond the Restoration, exhibiting a "sharpened focus and an amazing productivity" (p. xiii). Devotional writings proliferated in the later seventeenth century, and Wallace presents selections from twenty-four works to epitomize the genre, purposely omitting luminaries like Richard Baxter, John Owen, and John Bunyan in favor of figures now less well known and accessible but representative in their concerns and noteworthy for their zeal.


Three new thiophene based organic luminescence compounds, i.e., 2,5-bis(4'-N,N-dimethylaminostyryl) thiophene (BMST), 2,5-bis(4'-N,N-diethylaminostyryl)thiophene (BEST) and 2,5-bis(4'-N-cyclobutylaminostyryl)thiophene (BBST), were synthesized. All of their measured single-photon excited fluorescence (SPEF) are located in the range of ≈ 530 nm with quantum yields of around 40 %, and the corresponding lifetime was ≈ 1 ns. The examined compounds show strong solvatochromism in their SPEF spectra. Excited by a fs laser at 800 nm, a strong up-converted fluorescence of the examined compounds was detected. The profile of two-proton excited fluorescence (TPEF) was similar to that of SPEF. The two-photon absorption (TPA) cross sections of the compounds were determined by the TPEF method. All the compounds showed large TPA cross sections. Hence these thiophene derivatives may have good TPA properties.


This study investigated dry etching of acrylic in capacitively coupled SF , SF /O and SF /CH plasma under a low vacuum pressure. The process pressure was 100 mTorr and the total gas flow rate was fixed at 10 sccm. The process variables were the RIE chuck power and the plasma gas composition. The RIE chuck power varied in the range of 25~150 W. SF /O plasma produced higher etch rates of acrylic than pure SF and O at a fixed total flow rate. 5 sccm SF / 5 sccm O provided 0.11 µm/min and 1.16 µm/min at 25 W and 150 W RIE of chuck power, respectively. The results were nearly 2.9 times higher compared to those at pure SF plasma etching. Additionally, mixed plasma of SF /CH reduced the etch rate of acrylic. 5 sccm SF / 5 sccm CH plasma resulted in 0.02 µm/min and 0.07 µm/min at 25 W and 150 W RIE of chuck power. The etch selectivity of acrylic to photoresist was higher in SF /O plasma than in pure SF or SF /CH plasma. The maximum RMS roughness (7.6 nm) of an etched acrylic surface was found to be 50% O in SF /O plasma. Besides the process regime, the RMS roughness of acrylic was approximately 3~4 nm at different percentages of O with a chuck power of 100 W RIE in SF /O plasma etching.


Theoretical foundation of the convergence concept in neo-classical growth model has been analysed. According to that concept, the income per capita growth tends to grow in reverse correlation of income initial level. In fact, however, there is obviously an outspoken lack of convergence in standards of living between developed and less developed countries. The new (endogenous) growth theories offer possible explanations for the observed lack of convergence between rich and poor countries. An empirical study is presented, reviewing 42 countries in the world (including 30 developed and 12 less developed countries) over the period 1900-2005 as well as by divided sub-periods. Special attention is paid to the convergence among EU member states by GDP by per capita in a historical retrospective.


SUMMARY

Five fractions of parenchymatous cells of the cotyledon of the peanut were isolated by homogenization and differential centrifugation from nonaqueous media. These are two protein-rich fractions (one of which appears to be aleurone grains), starch grains, a fines material, and cell wall fragments. In addition, a fraction composed largely of vascular tissue of the cotyledon was isolated. The nitrogen of the cell is concentrated in the two protein-rich fractions, phytin in the aleurone grains, sucrose mostly in the fines fraction and to a lesser extent in the starch granules, and ribonucleic acid in the fines fraction. The proteins in both protein-rich fractions appear to be the same as judged by chromatography and zone electrophoresis.


To solve the problem that the object-oriented Petri net model has no time constraints and type constraints and cannot quantitatively analyze the system, the representation and reasoning of time knowledge is introduced into the object-oriented Petri net. An object-oriented extended coloring time Petri net is proposed. The object-oriented extended coloring time Petri net model of flexible manufacturing system is built, the analysis method of time consistency is given, the accessibility of the model is analyzed by using the correlation matrix, the time characteristic of the flexible manufacturing system is quantitatively analyzed, and the effectiveness of the modeling method is validated.


In recent years,there has been a rapid increase in esophageal adenocarcinoma.Many studies suggest that esophageal adenocarcinoma may arise from Barrett′s esophagus(BE),the premalignant condition.Individuals who with Barrett′s esophagus are at increased risk of malignant transformation.And it has attracted much research attention in recent years.The diagnosis of patients with Barrett′s esophagus is still based on endoscopy and systematic biopsy sampling.Immunohistochemical changes associated with development of cancer in Barrett′s esophagus have attracted much research attention now.And these changes may suggest the development of BE.


Hypertension is one of chronic disease that often cause mortality in developmen country. Hypertension cause of complication in heart, kidneys, and brain. Adherence in medication taking is needed to control blood pressure and reduce the risk of complications. Adherence is defined as the patient's behavior that matches with recommendations from the prescriber. Behaviour factors was analyzed such as knowledge and attitude (predisposition factors), facilities and health device (enabling factors), the behavior of pharmacy officer (reinforcing factors).
The purpose of this study was to determine the behavior factors that influence to patient's adherence in taking antihypertensive drugs. The method of this study is cross-sectional design. Data was collected from responses the patients that answering questionnaires with nonrandom accidental sampling. The questionnaires must be tested validity and reliability before used for taking data, then the adherence of patients was analyzed by SPSS program.
The result of descriptive analysis was shows the patients had high knowledge (54,2%) and positive attitude (86,1%). The patients appraised facilities and health device were less (54,8%). Behavior of pharmacy officer appraised were less (76,4%). Pasients had high adherence (70,8%) in comsuming antihypertensive drugs. The result of analytical Spearman correlation, patient's attitude had significant influence to patient's adherence (coefficient correlation = 0,701 and sig. 0,000). Facilities and health device also had significant influence to patient's adherence (coefficient correlation = 0,328 and sig. 0,005). Patient's knowledge (coefficient correlation = 0,178 and sig. 0,134) and behavior of pharmacy officer (coefficient correlation = 0,179 and sig. 0,133) hadn't significant influence to patient's adherence.
The conclution is patient's attitude, facilities and device health had significant influence to patient's adherence in taking antihypertensive drugs. The most influential to patient's adherence in taking antihypertensive drug is attitude of patient.
Keywords: Analysis factor, Patients adherence, Hypertension.


(57) Abstract: supply device includes a first chamber for containing a penetrant, it sucks fluid by osmosis, second accommodating the film forming the wall of the first chamber, the active substance for feed It has a room, and a movable piston which separates the two chambers. Orifice and in fluid connection the second chamber having a slit valve. If the pressure present active substance by pressing the slit to open a passage of the active material for a supply flow is formed. If there is no flow (or in the case of less pressure required the pressure opens the slit), the slits maintain a closed state, there is no back-diffusion of external fluid, thus, the active substance of the second chamber is external fluid is it is not contaminated by. In addition, if the slits are closed, it is prevented that the active substance is positive diffuse from the capsule. Slit valve is minimal open only to the size required for the flow generated by the osmotic pumping. Slit valve also when there is obstruction in the slit valve also prevents clogging by forming a flow path around the obstacle.


Paying attention to psychological issues of children with intellectual disability can reduce or even eliminate the issues from their personal and social lives and would eventually help to reduce the stress endured by this section of the society. In this respect, nurses who have a close relationship with such children as well as a key role in their education, are obviously pivotal. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the educational intervention role of nurses caring for children with intellectual disability using experimental research method. Statistical samples of this study were 161 randomly selected nurses working with intellectually disabled childrenin8mental hospitals in Tehran. This research showed that the educational role of nurses working with intellectually disabled children in statistical population of all qualified nurse of Tehran is in a desirable condition. Regarding the influence rate, help in personality growth variable, help in social growth variable, prevent from personality decline, and providing for emotional needs had the most effect among educational roles of Tehran's nurses working with intellectually disabled children respectively.


Amongst the letters of the archive discovered at Nimrud in 1952 are a number referring to events on the northern and north-eastern frontiers of Assyria, principally during the reign of Sargon. Ten of these letters are here published: a few others exist which, though having references to the same area, are in too damaged a condition to be placed in a reasonably assured historico-geographical setting, and these it is proposed to incorporate in subsequent groups.


Calcium deficient hydroxyapatite with Ca/P atomic ratio comprised between 1.5 and 1.667 were densified by hot pressing . Hot pressed powders were transformed into hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate biphasic ceramics . After hot pressing at 1200•Ž, fracture strength remained below 100 MPa, this was explained by the allotropic transformation ƒÀ • ̈ ƒ¿ of TCP above 1150•Ž . Ceramics hot pressed at 1100•Ž had a fracture strength of 150 MPa when the composition contained between 8 wt% and 12 wt% of ƒÀ-TCP . For lower or higher β-TCP content the strength dropped. This proved the necessity of a precise determination of Ca/P ratio. Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis allowed a better precision than wet chemical analysis with deviations below 0 .005 on Ca/P values.


Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a newly developed microscopic computing imaging technology in recent years, which can realize large field of view (FOV) and high-resolution microscopic imaging. This paper proposes an improved algorithm for weight optimization in view of the slow convergence speed and poor reconstruction quality of the Truncated Wirtinger Flow algorithm. The algorithm is proposed based on the Truncated Wirtinger Flow algorithm. By introducing weights, the changes of the objective function updated in the previous iteration are added to this iteration to optimize the performance of the algorithm. Through three sets of simulation experiments, it is proved that the proposed algorithm has a faster convergence rate than the original algorithm to achieve stability, and the reconstruction quality is better.


Aiming at improving the reliability and validity of the remote update,making up the shortage of the traditional update system,a type of remote update system for single chip micyoco(SCM) with in-application programming(IAP) function was designed.The overall implementation framework of the system was introduced.The program structure within SCM,the subdivision of user code area in Flash code space and the design for system security were mainly described.And taking MSP430 SCM as an example,combining with C and assembly language,the concrete realization of the update system based on IAP technology and GPRS communication technology was further introduced.The test results of the prototype show that the system achieves the requirements of the design performance and realizes the desired functions,and it can be widely applied to various designs,such for intelligent instruments.


Normal students are the future teachers and educational practice is their most important practical aspects.They are only prospective teachers,so there are some problems or errors which appear in the practice are inevitable.This paper points at the teaching problem of normal student to propose a number of recommendations to strengthen the guidance and preparation of measures,in order to reduce the adaptation period which they become the qualified teachers.


ALT(accelerated life test) is a right choice to predict the lifetime of LED lighting source that is expected to have much longer lifetime than the conventional lighting sources. Middle power light-emitting diode (LED) accelerated life tests(ALT) were carried out by two kind of test methods (LED PKG level ALT and LED PKG component (chip, phosphor, premold) level ALT). The predicted curve by using component ALT model contained an inflection point caused by degradation characteristics of PKG component (premold). Therefore, we expect that component accelerated model is more accurate and more logical than simple extrapolation methods as used by LM80 and TM21.


Variation function as a main analytical tool is used for geological statistic study on grade variation characteristics of different segments in ore body 1 of the Macheng iron deposit (MID). The results indicate that the main ore body is bounded with-500m elevation, the upper grade change meets void effect, the lower grade change accords with the characteristics of spheroidal variation function and the upper change is smaller than the lower one in the general grade change. Based on fitting the variation functions of separate grade changes in different areas, the upper area and the lower area, and combined with the parameter values of each variation function, it is thought that production exploration distances that are suitable for the upper and lower ore bodies are respectively 35m and 30m in the vertical direction.


2 Introduction 3 Literature Review 5 Question 18 Method 20 Data 21 Results 24 Conclusion 28 Appendices 30 Appendix A 30 Appendix B 31 Appendix C 32 Appendix D 33 Appendix E 33 Appendix F 34 Appendix G 34 References 35 2 The Discreet Trader Senior Capstone Project for Seth Wing


Abstract:A bronze pinakion, published in 1910 as a juror's token, seemed to have disappeared without trace. It lay quietly throughout the intervening decades in a drawer in the Coin Cabinet of the National Museum of Finland, unaware of all the commotion caused by the attempts made to recover it. More favorable circumstances finally brought it back to light, where it could be compared with its counterparts from the Athenian Agora. The pinakion is of nondikastic type, having belonged to only one man, Philostratos of Kolone (son of Dionysios), who is known also from other sources.


In this paper, we discussed the peristaltic MHD flow of an incompressible and electrically conducting Williamson fluid in a symmetric planar channel with heat and mass transfer under the effect of inclined magnetic field. Viscous dissipation and Joule heating are also taken into consideration. Mathematical model is presented by using the long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. The differential equations governing the flow are highly nonlinear and thus perturbation solution for small Weissenberg number (We < 1) is presented. Effects of the heat and mass transfer on the longitudinal velocity, temperature and concentration are studied in detail. Main observations are presented in the concluding section. The streamlines pattern is also given due attention.


The geographical coordinates of Apulia (South-east Italy) are 39°50'/42°00' latitude north and 14°50'/18°30' longitude east. From north-west to south-east Apulia extends for over 400 kms., totalling 1,600,000 ha of arable land. The total acreage given over to olive is 358,000 ha, which makes Apulia the most important olive growing region of Italy. An annotated photographic exhibition illustrating the most peculiar and impressive Apulian olive traditional training systems is the topic of the present work.


The purpose of this study is to examine the listening anxiety of Turkish language teacher candidates in terms of various variables. "Listening Anxiety Scale" developed by Maden and Durukan (2016) was used as data collection tool in the study conducted by a survey model. The Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.88. The data of the research was obtained from randomly selected 168 Turkish language teacher candidates studying in Atatürk University in 2017-2018 academic years. The obtained quantitative data by the application of the scale was transferred to SPSS Windows 15 package software program. As the result of the research using statistical package program for data analysis, it was found that even it has not been high, Turkish language teacher candidates have listening anxiety above the average and it was determined that listening anxiety has not differed significantly according to gender, grade, most frequently used language skill, and status of reading books regularly.


Osteochondritis dissecans (OD) is a pathology characterized by partial or total detachment of the hyaline cartilage fragment from the subchondral bone, which may or may not detach and remain as a free articular body. The choice of treatment is based on the conservative and surgical method, which is intended to preserve cartilage, if possible, or to use restorative procedures, and the purpose of this work is to report a typical case of osteochondritis dissecans. A 20-year-old male patient complained of pain from progressive onset to slight exertion, even if light, such as walking for a long time or jumping; felt pain in the left knee and swelling, limiting movements of the left leg. After a year and six months of onset of symptoms he sought medical service, with these complaints of pain well located in the middle of the patella. The doctor performed tests during the physical examination, but none tested positive. The pain did not radiate, had intensity 7/10 and continued to perform movements. The doctor requested X-ray and his result suggested a diagnosis of OD, after which he requested an MRI of the left knee, which confirmed the diagnosis. A therapeutic plan was drawn for the patient, indicating a physiotherapeutic treatment in addition to the use of analgesics to control pain. At the end of 3 years of follow-up, there was no spontaneous resolution of the disease and the orthopedist opted for the arthroscopic fixation of left knee OD lesion (placement of 3 heberts) in posteromedial position. After 2 months, the patient is under physiotherapeutic treatment, and pain has been controlled, but there is still movement limitation. Although OD is not very recurrent in the general population, it was observed that it is a pathology that presents a good prognosis, even in surgical cases, besides that, the limitations are eliminated after treatment and resolution of the disease.


Several approaches can be used to determine the effect of an alkaline environment on glass materials (basalt fibers). One of the most common approaches for the determination of the alkali resistance of a substance is to measure the relative mass loss after the interaction of the object of research with the alkaline environment. According to the practice guidelines, the approach involves determining the alkali resistance of a glass by measuring the mass loss per unit area of the glass under test after boiling it in an alkaline solution. But the disadvantage of this approach is it can't be applied to basalt or another multicomponent fiberglass as it doesn't introduce different speeds of fiber dissolution.


-The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of integrating ICT in the teaching of Introductory Electronics on the development of 21 century learning and innovation skills in university students. The study was undertaken with all 3 year students of Introductory Electronics at Mukuba University, pursuing a Bachelor of Education in Physics. (B.Ed. Physics). Two groups pre-test post-test experimental design was used in this quantitative study. The sample consisted of 41 students who were randomly assigned into two groups i.e. the experimental and control groups. To assess 21 century learning and innovation skills, a self-assessment 21 century learning and innovation skills Likert scale questionnaire and an observation sheet with a rubric were used to collect data. A Mann-Whitney u-test at an alpha 0.05 was used to investigate if there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups before intervention (Pre-test) and after intervention (Post-test). The findings in the post-test indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the 21 century learning and innovation skills between the Experimental (Mean rank = 31.00, Mean = 4.26, SD =0.70) and Control (Mean rank = 10.50, Mean =2.05, SD = 0.32) groups; u-test =0.000, Z-score= -5.673 and p=0.000. These results suggest that integrating information and communication technology in the teaching of Introductory Electronics to undergraduate students has a positive effect on students' development of 21 century learning and innovation skills.


Theoretical and experimental results are presented for simultaneous multibeam coupling in photorefractive BaTiO3. Within a single crystal, multiple signals are amplified through a coupling processs that employs a single pump beam. The amplification of each signal results from both coupling between signal and pump beam and coupling between different signals. The amount of gain that each signal receives is dependent on the angle relative to the c-axis of the crystal and on the intensities of the incident beams. Thus a competitive interaction for the amplification of the signals takes place: For a specific range of coupling coefficients and intensities the strongest incident signal receives the largest energy increments. In a resonator that employs photorefractive gain such a process can be used to keep the strongest beam oscillating and to suppress weaker ones. Thus it is possible to apply that competitive process to an associative holographic memory.


Welcome to the library research guide for Architecture students, faculty, staff and the general public. Feedback and recommendations always welcome.


Bayesian analyses on both isoscalar and isovector nuclear interaction parameters are carried out based on the Korea-IBS-Daegu-SKKU (KIDS) model under the constraints of nuclear structure data of Pb and Sn. Under the constraint of the neutron-skin thickness, it is found that incorporating the curvature parameter Ksym of nuclear symmetry energy as an independent variable significantly broadens the posterior probability distribution function (PDF) of the slope parameter L, and affects the related correlations. Typically, the anticorrelation between L and the symmetry energy at saturation density disappears, while a positive correlation between L and Ksym is observed. Under the constraint of the isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR), incorporating the skewness parameter as an independent variable also significantly broadens the posterior PDF of the nuclear matter incompressibility K0. Even with the broad uncertainties of higher-order parameters of the equation of state (EOS), robust constraints of L < 90 MeV and K0 < 270 MeV are obtained. Our study quantifies the consistency between the constraints on L from the neutron-skin data of PREXII and isovector giant dipole resonance (IVGDR) data, and the constraints on K0 from the data of ISGMR in Pb and Sn.


Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate and understand the barriers that contribute to successful uptake and implementation of Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) services for pregnant and breastfeeding mothers at Mulanje Mission Hospital in Malawi. Methods: A Qualitative study was conducted with data collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. A total of 64 participants were interviewed. Results: The main barriers to uptake and implementation of PMTCT services were stigma and discrimination against those infected with HIV, traditional and religious beliefs, long waiting time at PMTCT clinic, lack of male involvement, opposition from male partner leading to divorce and genderbased violence and lack of privacy due to non-conducive infrastructure. Conclusion: In order to promote successful uptake and implementation of PMTCT service, male involvement in reproductive issues has to be enhanced by raising community awareness. In addition, HIV testing and counseling should also be an agenda of community awareness so that women should not wait to be pregnant and then go for testing. Issues of stigma and discrimination should be dealt with during campaign and community meeting with chiefs. Staffing in health facilities should be improved to minimize the waiting time and also improve the quality of care given.


The development of a fine-mesh coupled neutronic/thermal-hydraulic solver is touched upon in this paper. The reported work investigates the feasibility of using finite volume techniques to discretize a set of conservation equations modeling neutron transport, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer within a single numerical tool. With the long-term objective of developing fine-mesh computing capabilities for a few selected fuel assemblies in a nuclear core, this preliminary study considers an infinite array of a single fuel assembly having a finite height. Thermal-hydraulic conditions close to the ones existing in PWRs are taken as a first test case. The neutronic modeling relies on the diffusion approximation in a multi-energy group formalism, with cross-sections pre-calculated and tabulated at the sub-pin level using a Monte Carlo technique. The thermal-hydraulics is based on the Navier-Stokes equations, complemented by an energy conservation equation. The non linear coupling terms between the different conservation equations are fully resolved using classical iteration techniques. Early tests demonstrate that the numerical tool provides an unprecedented level of details of the coupled solution estimated within the same numerical tool and thus avoiding any external data transfer, using fully consistent models between the neutronics and the thermal-hydraulics.


The staggering and paradoxical aspect of the estimates of national mortality rates in Australia (7000), the UK (40,000) and USA (90,000) annually as reported by Best and Neuhauser (2004), due to hospital acquired infections (HAI's) most often spread from patient to patient on the hands of Health Care Workers (HCW's), typically occur in an environment where a commitment to a high level of care and safety of the individual is assumed to be the norm. Technical remedies such as the alcohol gel hand wash have been reported as highly effective in addressing HAI's, but their overall success locally has been moderated by issues of varying compliance and adherence to hygiene procedures (Nicol et al, 2007). The estimated residual 10-30% of non compliance (Start Clean, 2007) evident as a plateau and instability in achievement, across Victorian hospitals, is an urgent issue that has been resistant to explanation and remedy. The incident plateau rates, common throughout hospital and general industries worldwide, have generally frustrated the achievement of sustainable near zero incident rates. Previous research on non compliance and adherence to safety procedures has tended to seek direct and observable cause-effect relationships for explanation. It is argued that what is required is an alternate view of compliance operating within a hospital culture (Schein, 1992), one that more fully embraces defenses to motivational entropy and the multitude of situational and organisational variables that act to vary compliance outcomes and contribute to the resiliency of the incident plateau.


XPS, BET and chemisorption apparatus was employed to study the activity of Pd-Fe/α-Al_2O_3 which was used as catalyst in the reaction of CO gaseous phase coupling to diethyl oxalate. Specific surface area, distribution of pores, crystalline phase of the prepared Pd-Fe/α-Al_2O_3 catalysts, and surface composition of the fresh catalyst were analyzed and characterized by the methods mentioned above. The results indicate that the special surface area of catalyst is one of the most important factors that affect the reactive activity and the selectivity of catalyst. It was also found that homogeneous structure of pores and appropriate catalyst can result in stable space-time yield and high conversion of CO.


Monte Carlo rate constants and lifetime distributions for H–C≡C–H, H–C≡C–Cl, and Cl–C≡C–Cl at 200 kcal/mole were determined by classical trajectories. The Monte Carlo rate constants agree to within 30% of the RRKM prediction. Energy randomization is faster in Cl–C≡C–Cl than in H–C≡C–H and H–C≡C–Cl. An analysis of nonrandom lifetime distributions indicates that energy randomization is complete by 10−12 sec. for each of the molecules. Comparisons are made between our results and other unimolecular studies.


Basic research on delayed reinforcement indicates that reinforcement dela ys grade the effectiveness of reinforcers. Therefore, in practice there is an emphas is on delivery of the reinforcer immediately following a target response. Research has shown that, in nonhumans, reinforcement delays of up to 16 s can enhance performance but the effectiveness of a reinforcer is decreased relative to when it is present ed immediately following responding. However, there is little research studying the effec ts of delayed reinforcement with humans. In this study, the effects of delayed reinforcem ent are examined with 4 participants diagnosed with autism. In an alternating treat ments design, relations between arbitrarily matched novel stimuli were taught usin g 3 conditions: immediate reinforcement, 30 s delayed reinforcement, and no consequence. Results showed that skill acquisition occurred for 2 participants only in the immediate reinforcement condition. With the 3 rd participant, skill acquisition occurred in both immediate reinforcement and delayed reinforcement conditions. Delayed Reinforcement 7 Evaluation of Delay of Reinforcement in Both Animal and Human Research Reinforcement is a necessary component of establishing or increasing opera nt behavior. Behavior can be changed through both positive reinforcement (adding a stimulus), and negative reinforcement (removal of a stimulus; Cooper, Heron, & Hew ard, 1987). Reinforcement is most effective when delivered immediately following a response (Sutphin, Byrne, & Poling, 1998). In many natural settings, however, there may be a delay between the response and reinforcer delivery due to other events in the surrounding environment. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of delay of reinforcement by examining the length of time that passes between responding a reinforcement and the subsequent occurrence of reinforced behavior. These studies generally imply that the reinforcer loses its reinforcing effect wi th delay (Sutphin et al.). One recent study sought to compare lever pressing followed by no-consequence, cancellation, and reinforcement to study sensitivity to delayed reinforce ment (Sutphin et al., 1998). The subjects included 8 experimentally naïve rats who were water deprived. Contingent on pressing the reinforcement lever, water was delivered for 4 s. T he cancellation lever canceled any scheduled reinforcement from a reinforce ment lever press, and the no-consequence lever condition served as a control. Delays were set at 8, 16, 32, and 64 s. Results showed that following a delay of consequences of 16+ s, there was no differential responding between the reinforcement lever and the no conseque nce lever. These results suggest that a delay of 16 s or above is ineffective for reinf orcement to alter responding. Sutphin et al. suggested that using a cancellation procedure is mos t efficient for testing immediacy of reinforcement, because with just the reinforcement vs. Delayed Reinforcement 8 no-consequence lever there is a possibility of adventitious reinforcement of the noconsequence lever. When switching from the no-consequence lever to the reinforcement lever, the responses from the former lever may be followed by food with little or d lay. This could establish conditioned reinforcers such as the sound the pressing of a lever produces, or the feel of the movement of a lever. Various schedules of delayed reinforcement have been examined. Richards (1972) sought to determine if behavioral contrast would be produced if reinforcement was delayed during one component of a multiple variable interval (VI) 1-min VI 1min schedule. He also examined the relationship between the amount of behavioral contrast and the duration of the reinforcement delay. Subjects included 35 pigeons that underwent a training procedure prior to treatment. Reinforcement was available on a m ultiple VI 1min VI 1-min schedule and was delayed at either 2.5 s, 5 s, 10 s, or 120 s. Another group experienced multiple VI 1-min extinction training. Results showed that delay o f reinforcement of one component of the multiple schedule did produce behavioral contrast, and that it occurred more consistently with longer delays or extinc tion. However, the author did not find a relation between the duration of the reinforcement delay and behavioral contrast. Neuringer (1969) examined whether pigeons would choose delayed reinforcement or a fixed-interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement. Subjects included 10 pigeons. In Experiment 1, a concurrent-chains schedule was used. Two keys on VI schedules were available during the initial link. Responses on one key led to the occasional presentati on of a FI terminal link, and responses on the other key led to the occasional presentation of delayed reinforcement. A blackout occurred during the delay-of-reinforceme nt terminal Delayed Reinforcement 9 link when both keys were inactivated and the chamber was completely dark. Results showed that when choice of fixed interval was measured, there was a small pref erenc for the FI condition. For choice responses per min and responses per min, however, preferences did not vary although response rates decreased during the FI condi tion as time to reinforcement increased. In Experiment 2, the procedure was the same a s Experiment 1, except that the duration of delay and fixed intervals differed. Res ults were similar in that subjects displayed a small preference for FI schedule s. Experiment 3, implemented the same procedure, however, without a blackout. Results showed that the slightly lower preference for delayed reinforcement relative to the fi xed interval schedules in Experiments 1 and 2, were likely due to the blackout periods. This is because removing or controlling blackouts allowed the subjects to choose equally between the delay and fixed-interval choices. Cicerone (1976) examined whether preferences would be identified between a delay imposed on a mixed length reinforcement schedule on one lever and a delay imposed on a constant reinforcement schedule on the other lever. Subjects included 6 pigeons that underwent a pretraining procedure. During the delay training procedure phase, one lever produced reinforcement at mixed delays of 30 s, 15 s and 45 s, 5 s and 55 s, and 0 s and 60 s. The other lever produced reinforcement at constant delays of 0 s, 8 s, 15 s, and 32 s. Results showed that the pigeons preferred mixed delay relative to constant delay of reinforcement. Lattal and Ziegler (1982) compared delay of reinforcement of variableinterval schedules to a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedule (DRL) . In addition, delays were signaled, unsignaled, or unsignaled with a requirement of no responding within the Delayed Reinforcement 10 0.5 s interval immediately preceding reinforcement. The purpose was to compare interresponse time (IRT) distributions generated across conditions. Subjects s d were 4 pigeons that were trained to peck the response key and to eat from a food hopper. Results showed that response rates and IRT distributions covaried. During the signaled dela ys, response rates were low and the frequency of short IRTs decreased. During the unsignaled delays, response rates increased and the frequency of short IRTs increased as well. Along the signaled delays research, Richards (1981) examined the generality of effect of signaled and unsignaled delays at varied durations while also includi ng schedules of VI 60 s and DRL 20 s. Subjects were 9 pigeons, 4 of which were assigned to the VI schedule, and the remaining 5 were assigned to the DRL schedule. Followin g VI schedule pretraining, the subjects experienced reinforcement at delays of 10 , 5 s, 2.5 s, 1 s, and 0.5 s with both signaled and unsignaled delay conditions. Following DRL pretraining, subjects then experienced a DRL 20-s schedule with both signaled a d unsignaled delay conditions. Results showed no significant difference in responding between VI 60-s or DRL 20-s schedules. However, there was a moderate decrease in responding during signaled delays up to 10 s, and large decreases in responding occurred during unsignaled delays of 5 and 10 s. Concurrent and progressive schedules associated with delay of reinforce ment were examined by Davison (1988). In Experiment 1, 6 pigeons were presented with tw o initial link keys that led to terminal link keys delivering the first reinfor cer following 1 s (Experiment 1A) or 5 s (Experiment 1B), depending on which key they pecked. Second reinforcers were then either available after a 10-s delay, or the delay wa s varied. The Delayed Reinforcement 11 pigeons showed very little preference to either schedule. In Experiment 1C, both del ays were 10 s on one key, while the other was varied. Preferences for the varied key were found. In Experiment 2, the terminal link reinforcer was delivered at either 0.2 s or 19.8 s, and the initial link provided access to the terminal link at varied rates. Results showed that as the initial link duration increased, preference for shorter delay of the terminal link decreased. Human research has also been conducted using various schedules of delayed reinforcement, such as Hanley, Iwata, and Thompson (2001). The purpose of the study was to evaluate various methods of thinning differential-reinforcement-of-a l ern tivebehavior (DRA) schedules. The DRA intervention used with the 3 participants included functional communication training (FCT) as well as extinction of problem behavi or. Study 1 examined the effects of reducing problem behavior using three condit ions: FR1 (access to popcorn) with increasing delays for an alternative response usi g a functional communication response (FCR), a graduated FI schedule, and a graduated multiple schedule. Results showed in the first condition there was extinction of alternative behavior (pressing a microswitch emitting the sound, "more please"), in the sec ond condition there were undesirably high rates of alternative behavior, a


Acetylcholinesterase activity decreased in muscle, gill, liver and brain tissues of T. mossambica with a corresponding increase in acetylcholine content following methyl parathion exposure, suggesting a disruption in the nerve impulse conduction. The electrophoretic study of esterases in the various tissues of Tilapia mossambica suggests that there are about six anodally migrating bands and there is an inhibition of esterase bands in muscle, gill, liver and brain tissues during subacute methyl parathion impact and it is found to be tissue specific


Fatty acids compositions in milk of four kinds of crossbred yaks,such as Simmental × Tibetan cattle × yak,Holstein cows × Tibetan cattle × yak,Holstein cows ×yak,Juanshan cattle × yak were analyzed. After being extracted from milk samples,methyl esterification of fatty acids was carried out,and then their compositions were analyzed using GC-MS. Results demonstrated that 18 varieties fatty acids show significant difference with different yak varieties except hendecanoic acid lauric acid(p0.05). There is great difference among contents of unsaturated fatty acids in milk of different varieties yaks,ranging from 42.20% to 50.22%. The content of unsaturated fatty acid in milk of Simmental × Tibetan cattle × yak(50.22%) is obviously higher than that of unsaturated fatty acid in milk of Juanshan cattle × yak(42.20%). Significant difference among contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids exists with different yak varieties,and the highest is in milk of Holstein cows ×yak(30.53%) with ratio of MUFA/PUFA 0.61:1. The results indicated that milk of Holstein cows × yak has high nutritional value,which has the important meaning to dairy products development of yak and breeding of cattle.


Rasashastra is the branch of science which deals with alchemic preparation or metal and mineral medicinal formulation explained in ancient texts of Ayurved. Rasashastra explained group of drugs in different names on the basis their therapeutic application and binding capacity of drug with Mercury. Chapal one among the group of Maharasa which is having potent therapeutic properties like immune modulator, analgesic, rejuvenator and aphrodisiac. Due to lack of identification, difficulty in procurement and confusion in synonyms and vernacular names, Chapal placed in controversial drugs. Some opines Chapal as Bismuth and some says Selenium. To overcome from these controversies to confirm the type of drug this comparative study is undertaken. Comparative study given nearer conclusion that Chapal can be Selenium, after observing organoleptic properties and symptoms experienced by the person during the purificatory process.


A system and a method for providing contextual AD are provided to display the contextual AD suitable for contents by reflecting a present issue keyword on a short writing, the writing having several subjects, and an old document. A keyword database(150) sets up keyword value information calculated by a predetermined rule set to the keywords included in the context from a plurality of contents having context information and the keyword category information of each keyword. An AD database(170) sets up the category information to the AD of an advertiser according to a keyword category of the keyword sold to the advertiser. A contents database(160) sets up the category information to the contents according to the keyword category. A database manager(140) searches the AD of a category corresponding to the contents from the AD database. A web service processor(110) transmits the searched AD to a user terminal uploads the searched AD to a webpage having content information according to a predetermined rule in response to a user request for the contents.


Our knowledge of pain in neonates has increased significantly during the last fifteen years.We now have an improved understanding of the pain system and of the negative effects of untreated pain. A ...


Summary The main objective of this work was to determine a management practice that would maintain a visibly clean wall surface in the milking room in the most practical manner. Walls could be kept clean by (a) wetting the surface at the beginning of the milking operation, (b) keeping the surface moist during the milking operations, and (c) immediate wash down of any manure or soil deposited on the surface. Satisfactory results can be attained at normal farm water system temperatures and pressures.


Controversy remains regarding which approach is better, laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) or open appendectomy (OA). A 5-year retrospective review of patients undergoing appendectomy was performed to compare the outcomes of LA and OA using standard statistical methods (P < 0.05). LA was performed in 207 and OA in 100 patients (conversion 6.7%). Females underwent LA more frequently than males (81.7% vs 51.9%; P = 0.0001). LA patients were older (30.2 years vs 25.7 years; P = 0.03), with no differences in body mass index (BMI) (27.9 kg/m2 vs 25.5 kg/m2; P = 0.06) or operative times (51.1 minutes vs 51.5 minutes; P = 0.84).' LA patients required less analgesics (19.2 mg vs 31.5 mg; P = 0.01), and shorter hospital stays (27.2 hours vs 53.1 hours; P = 0.0001). Operating room charges were higher for LA ($3839 vs $2528; P = 0.0001), with no difference in total hospital charges ($8801. vs $9147; P = 0.14). Complications between LA and OA were similar (3.6% vs 8%; P = 0.12). Converted patients were older, required more analgesia, and had higher morbidity, length of stay, and hospital charges. LA is the procedure of choice for appendicitis regardless of age, sex, BMI, or degree of appendiceal inflammation. LA is as safe and quick to perform as OA with lower analgesic requirements, length of stay, and no difference in total charges.


SUMMARYThe different views on the role of language in the cognitive development of children are discussed. Piaget, for instance, held that the language is of no importance in the cognitive development whereas he attached the greatest importance to imitative actions and conception in matters of reasoning. On the other hand, Russian scientists have pointed to the situation of communication and its importance for the development of the child, emphasizing the orientating, selecting, and guiding functions of language. An antropological-linguistic tradition accentuates the importance of the categorial character of word symbols for the acquisition of experience, stressing also the importance of syntax for the structuralization of the child's world of experience. The various theories have not been unambiguously corroborated in experiments and hence, the complex of problems has to be further differentiated in order that the factors of importance for the linguistic influence may be specified and an explanation may ...


[33327-66-1] C2F6Cd (MW 250.4)

InChI = 1S/2CF3.Cd/c2*2-1(3)4;

InChIKey = HSPJNQDLIYCPOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(difluorocarbene source, trifluoromethylating agent)

Physical Data: decomposes > −5 °C.

Solubility: soluble in CHCl3, CH2Cl2, toluene.

Form Supplied in: donor complex, (CF3)2Cd·D (D = glyme, diglyme, CH3CN, pyridine, THF, DMF etc).2

Preparative Methods: prepared by exchange reaction of Cd(Et)2 with CF3I in CCl3H at −40 °C; by condensation of Cd metal vapor with CF3 radical from C2F6 by radio frequency discharge,3 by electrolysis of CF3Br in DMF using cadmium as an anode.4

Handling, Storage, and Precaution: pure (CF3)2Cd tends to explode violently upon warming to room temperature; reacts pyrophorically with air.1 Donor-stabilized complex, (CF2)2 Cd·D is recommended to be used as reagents.


Thispaperpresents anautomatic the dataobtainedfrom the wavelet region ofinterest (ROI)generation algorithm for decomposition process toautomatically cluster images, wheretheinformation provided bythe pixels according totheir energy values. Then waveletsdecomposition is re-usedto clusters areclassified asbelonging totheROI automatically cluster pixels according totheir depending oftheir entropy. TheMAXSHIFT energy values. Theclusters arefoundusing the method(7)inconjunction withtheSPIHT K-meansalgorithm andthenclassified as algorithm (8)isthenusedtocodeandtransmit belonging totheROIdepending oftheir entropy. theROI first, andthenthebackground. Results showthebenefits ofthealgorithm. However, theMAXSHIFTmethod increases the numberoftransmitted planescompared to


Background: Recently, the world has been exposed to many disasters that threatened the country's security and economy; as well directed the world to consider how to confront those disasters by making proposed plans to confront future disasters; in which this will increase the world's awareness of how to deal with disasters and avoid the complications of their occurrence. Aim: to develop a disaster management plan for the Emergency Unit at Minia University Hospital. Setting: The study was carried out in the Emergency Unit at Minia University Hospital. Subject: Purposive sample of jury group who are expert in the disaster management (31). Tools: One tool was used in this study as the Disaster Management Plan Opinionnaire Sheet. Results: shows that; the majority of the jury group had "moderate response" for all items in the initial phase of the proposed disaster management plan and became "very high response" for all items in the final phase. Also, the sample size and the responses of the jury group were adequate by using (KMO = 0.801). The total Cronbach's Alpha value for the proposed disaster management plan was good (0.875); where the specific reliability coefficients of the proposed plan dimension ranged from (0.844 to 0.990). Conclusion: Overall, the current study concluded that the validity and the reliability of the developed proposed disaster management plan were satisfactory. Recommendations: All hospitals should develop an essential rapid updating plan to confronting any disaster according to their special structure.


We propose a protected information sharing plan for dynamic individuals. In the first place, we propose a protected route for key appropriation with no safe correspondence channels, and the clients can safely get their private keys from assemble chief. Second, our arrangement can fulfill fine-grained get the chance to control, any customer in the get-together can use the source in the cloud and repudiated customers can't get to the cloud again after they are denied. Third, we can shield the arrangement from trick strike, which infers that renounced customers can't get the primary data report paying little respect to the likelihood that they think up with the untrusted cloud. In our approach, by using polynomial limit, we can finish a secured customer foreswearing plan.


Abstract : This thesis aims to examine what effect the United States policy towards militias in Iraq has on the security, stability and troop levels. Conventional wisdom regarding the imperative to eliminate militias in Iraq rests upon the correct observation that the state is locked in a struggle over the legitimate use of force, and therefore over power and authority, with the militias, but fails to appreciate that the militia may have more popular legitimacy than the state. Recognizing this calls for a reconsideration of policy responses to the militia phenomenon. This thesis will argue that while military defeat is tactically feasible, it is unlikely to lead to strategic success because the militias have established popular legitimacy and military attacks by an occupying power are only likely to increase it. For similar reasons, engagement of the militia is likely to be more efficacious. The thesis will use two case studies to investigate which policy might work best for Security, Stability, Transition and Reconstruction operations in Iraq. A comparison is adopted to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of defeat and engagement as alternative military strategies employ by an occupying power vis- -vis indigenous militia forces in the Middle East. The first case study is the United States occupation of Iraq from 2003 to 2007. The second case study is the British occupation of Palestine from 1920 to 1948. The thesis will conclude with an analysis of similarities between each case, potential policy prescription for the U.S., avenues for future research and some comments regarding the semantics of words.


Objective
To investigate the correlation between blood pressure rhythm and left ventricular structure and function in elderly hypertensive patients.

Methods
A total of 147 elderly patients with high blood pressure in the First Hospital of Longyan Affiliated to Fujian Medical University were selected.All the patients received 24h ambulatory blood pressure examination.According to the rhythm of blood pressure, the patients were divided into the dipper blood pressure group, the-non dipper type blood pressure group and the anti-dipper type blood pressure group.All patients were examined by echocardiography.

Results
According to the results of 24h dynamic blood pressure, the type of dipper blood pressure accounted for 11.56%(17 cases) in 147 elderly patients, non-dipper type blood pressure type accounted for 51.02%(75 cases), and the anti-dipper type of blood pressure type accounted for 37.41%(55 cases). The ventricular septal thickness(IVST), left ventricular diastolic inner diameter(LVEDD), left atrium inner diameter(LAD), left ventricle posterior wall thickness(LVPWT) and left ventricle mass index(LVMI) of the non-dipper blood pressure group were (10.56±1.51)mm, (50.17±4.31)mm, (34.65±5.78)mm, (9.26±0.98)mm, (102.31±23.23)g/m2, respectively.The IVST, LVEDD, LAD, LVPWT and LVMI of the anti-dipper blood pressure group were (10.51±1.86)mm, (50.20±3.66)mm, (36.96±4.22)mm, (9.42±0.99)mm, (110.47±31.96)g/m2, respectively.The IVST, LVEDD, LAD, LVPWT and LVMI of the dipper blood pressure group were (9.53±1.53)mm, (47.59±2.27)mm, (30.47±4.17)mm, (8.88±1.12)mm, (84.98±15.48)g/m2, respectively.The differences of IVST, LVEDD, LAD, LVPWT and LVMI in the three groups were statistically significant(F=1.172, 3.428, 1.006, 0.135, all P 0.05). The average daytime systolic pressure in the dipper blood pressure group was (143.06±13.70)mmHg, which was higher than that in the non-dipper blood pressure group[(133.25±13.28)mmHg] and anti-dipper blood pressure group[(131.16±12.26)mmHg], the differences were statistically significant(t=-2.734, -3.401, all P<0.05). The mean evening systolic pressure and the average nocturnal diastolic pressure of anti-dipper blood pressure group were (139.04±15.01)mmHg and (80.18±10.29)mmHg, respectively, which were higher than those of the dipper and non-dipper blood pressure group [(123.24±14.49)mmHg and (72.24±7.97)mmHg, (127.40±13.30)mmHg, (73.45±11.43)mmHg], the differences were statistically significant(t=3.822, 4.666, 2.919, 3.456, all P<0.05). LVMI was positively correlated with age, body mass index(BMI), low density lipoprotein(LDL-C), daytime average systolic pressure, night average systolic pressure, night average diastolic pressure, and 24h average systolic pressure(r=0.256, 0.241, 0.687, 0.251, 0.380, 0.203, 0.243, all P<0.05).

Conclusion
Anti-dipper blood pressure and non-dipper blood pressure have more significant damage to cardiac function and structure than dipper blood pressure in elderly patients with hypertension, and the elevation of nocturnal blood pressure is closely related to left heart structure and function damage.There is a high correlation between abnormal circadian rhythm of blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in elderly hypertensive patients.

Key words:
Hypertension; Blood pressure; Circadian rhythm; Blood pressure monitoring, ambulatory; Echocardiography; Ventricular function, left; Cardiomegaly; Aged


Insecticidal activities of hexane extracts of leaves and roots of siam weed and vetiver, and roots of neem were assessed against house fly, Musca domestica L. Mortality test was conducted using serial concentrations 20%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% of extracted oils while behavioural orientation of house fly to oil odour, antioviposition effect of oil toward the insects, biochemical reactions in treated flies and fitness of offspring were determined using 20% oil concentration. House fly mortality varied significantly with plant species and part of plant extracted (P < 0.001), concentration applied (P < 0.001) and time post-exposure (P < 0.001). All tested plant extracts showed potential as good control agents with average mortality ranging from 59-74%. However, significantly lower median lethal values (LC50 and LT50) separated vetiver as the most toxic plant against the insect pest. The plant oils repelled house flies (93-100%), reduced the number of larvae that hatched from laid eggs, lowered adult emergence and caused a significant reduction in size and weight of offspring. On the contrary, exposure to plant oils did not alter offspring sex ratio. In comparison to untreated house flies, plant oils induced biochemical stress in poisoned cohorts as evidenced in significant deviation of digestive enzyme (α- and β- amylases, lipase) activity and concentrations of detoxifying enzyme (glutathione-Stransferase), neurochemical enzyme (acetylcholinesterase) and energy metabolism biomolecules (total protein). Implications of obtained results for non-chemical control strategies are discussed.


The sociology of organizations emerged from the distinction between formal or theoretical knowledge, on the one hand, and practical or informal knowledge, on the other. This distinction suggested a gap between the visions produced by leaders, based on legal or scientific forms of knowledge, and the empirical knowledge developed by actors – in passing justifying the role of the sociologist in providing access to actors' behaviours within organizations. Starting in the 1970s, transformations in organizations called into question this distinction. Sociologists analyzed how actors developed forms of knowledge that later acquired formal characteristics. In so doing, research in the sociology of organizations suggested that the use of more formalized knowledge for the purpose of controlling or coordinating could lead to a process of bureaucratization.


The Family: Biblical and Psychologi cal Foundations is a special issue of the Journal of Psychology and Judaism. It is written as a book rather than as a coUection of articles. The authors have applied their considerable expertise in psychology, social work, ancient history, and Judaics to the task of contrasting Greek and Hebrew models of marriage and family. They work from a psycho-analytic frame work but depart from it in their description of the Jewish family. They contrast Greek archetypes which are foundational in psycho analytic thought, such as Narcissus, Laius and Oedipus, and Clytemnestia and Electra, with Biblical archetypes such as Jonah, Abraham and Isaac, and Naomi and Ruth. The authors conclude from their analysis of the archetypes that the convenantal model of the family in Hebrew thought successfully inte grates the themes of autonomy and intimacy. These are the very points where Cireek family models flounder in narcissism and conflict between the sexes and the generations. They replace Minuchin's popular unidi mensional approach of interpersonal distance, which ranges from en meshed relationships, with a bidimensional view. One of their dimensions ranges from deindividuated (far from self) to individuated (near to self); and the other, from detached (far from other) to attached (near to other). In their schema, the Hebrew family model is both at tached and individuated, or ideal. Greek depictions of family life, on the other hand, are either deinvididuated and attached (Greek female) or individuated and detached (Greek male). The authors state that the Greek family is contractual; the Hebrew family is covenantal. Covenants, however, do not exclude contracts. Abraham, for example, had a cove nant with God yet also could argue with God contiactually to save the people of Sodom and Gomorrah (p. 97). "Covenant (and possibihty) and contract (and necessity) must be reconciled in real relations. Acts without love are insufficient but so is love without acts" (p. 98). Throughout their discussion, the authors stick to their discussion of ancient Greek and Hebrew families. The significance of their work rests, however, in their assertion that the Westem family is in many respects a derivative of the Greek family, apparent in Freud's use of Greek myths in describing family relation ships. Their conclusions provoke readers to consider for themselves the relevance and application of their work to modem family issues. The serious student of f amUy relation ships wUl find The Family: Biblical and Psychological Foundations well worth pondering.


Ca2+ release–activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels mediate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) in many nonexcitable cells. In contrast to the CRAC channel subunit ORAI1, its homologue ORAI3 is dispensable for SOCE in lymphocytes and macrophages and not essential for immune cell function.


Peyronie's Disease (PD) is characterized by a fibrous scar of the tunica albuginea. PD is typically imaged with 2D ultrasound. We propose a classification system of these ultrasound findings in the evaluation of PD.

 The purpose of this study is to establish a functional sonographic classification system for evaluating PD and to examine the relationship between PD grading and curvature, duration of PD, and vascular erectile status.

 In our study, 395 patients with PD underwent intracavernosal injection with an erectile agent (ICI) followed by Color Doppler Duplex Ultrasound (CDDU). All CDDU studies were performed by a single examiner and all PD grading was done by two independent reviewers using saved images. Ultrasound findings including peak systolic velocities (PSV) and resistive indices (RIs) were recorded. PD grades of 2D images were classified into three grades: Grade 1 acoustic shadowing without calcification; Grade 2 focal microcalcifications of the tunica, pillars, or septal fibers; Grade 3 confluent calcification of the dorsal, septal, ventral tunica albuginea.

 There were 250 patients classified with Grade 1 (63%) sonographic changes, 75 with Grade 2 (19%), and 70 with Grade 3 (18%). All groups had similar median ages and body mass index (BMI): Grade 1 (59.3 yr), Grade 2 (59 yr) and Grade 3 (60.3 yr), p = 0.711; BMI 27.6, 28.2, 27.7, p = 0.813. Additionally, medical and surgical risk factors for erectile dysfunction were similar across the three groups; these included hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking history, and history of prostate surgery. Most patients had previously used PDE5-Inhibitors (293/395). History and/or physical findings of Dupuytren's palmar contracture was noted in 30/395 (7.6%) of men. The median duration of PD was not significantly different across the three groups (12, 12, 14 months p = 0.639). Neither CDDU diagnoses (Table 1) nor curvature varied by sonographic grades (Table 2).

 The scar resulting from PD seals together the outer longitudinal and inner circular layers of the tunica albuginea causing deformity of the erect shaft. PD plaques are usually palpable and associated with focal thickening of the tunica. On 2D ultrasound, the typical appearance is an acoustic shadow. Most of our patients presented with Grade I acoustic shadowing and no calcifications 250/395 (63%). On the other hand, 19% had acoustic plaque shadowing and additional findings of focal tunica or deep microcalcifications and 18% had confluent calcification of the dorsal, septal or ventral tunica. We propose a unique and reproducible classification system for Peyronie's Disease. This grading system is based on grayscale ultrasound of Peyronie's plaques may serve the purpose of diagnostic evaluation, didactic teaching and integrated research.

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During the preparation stage of the VIR[Cast] project, it was recognised that different software approaches (developed in-house or commercially available solutions) were used by the various industrial partners and that each partner was already mastering the use of several software solutions. Therefore the option to create an entirely new simulation tool integrating all existing and future simulaton needs was not a priority and thought to be too ambitious. The final recommendation was thus the development of a centralised software platform linking together existing solutions and future developments. The main objective of this centralised software platform is the ability to chain various simulations in the same was as processes are chained in aluminium factories.


In Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) tasks, the classical Perception-Action cycle can not fully explain the collaborative behaviour of the human-robot pair until it is extended to Perception-Intention-Action (PIA) cycle, giving to the human's intention a key role at the same level of the robot's perception and not as a subblock of this. Although part of the human's intention can be perceived or inferred by the other agent, this is prone to misunderstandings so the true intention has to be explicitly informed in some cases to fulfill the task. Here, we explore both types of intention and we combine them with the robot's perception through the concept of Situation Awareness (SA). We validate the PIA cycle and its acceptance by the user with a preliminary experiment in an object transportation task showing that its usage can increase trust in the robot.


A belt conveyor with the automatic cleaning function mainly comprises a rack (2-9), a belt (1-4), an automatic cleaning device and a dust collecting device, wherein the automatic cleaning device is arranged below the belt (1-4), and the dust collecting device is arranged below the automatic cleaning device and used for collecting tobacco dust or powder cleaned off by the automatic cleaning device. The belt conveyor with the automatic cleaning function is reasonable in design, compact in structure, reliable in use, outstanding in technical effect, economical and practical, it can be avoided that tobacco insects breed and influence the product quality, the product quality can be effectively guaranteed, and practical problems in production are solved.


This work has been partially supported by Junta de Andalucia through Research Group RNM124 and by CICYT through the project AMB96-0445-CO2-02.


While it is true that fellow tool builders can threaten the success of a design study, there are also advantages to working with individuals that have strong software development skills. We present a review of two information visualization projects using thematic analysis, that provides additional insight and guidance for collaborating with people that have strong software development skills. Additionally, we discuss minor implications for the design of node-link diagrams and adjacency matrices, and report observed differences in engagement with respect to touch tables versus traditional keyboard, mouse, and monitor configurations.


The role of forestry plantation residues (leaf and branch) in the suppression of establishment of four weed species (Conyza sumatrensis, Trifolium spp., Echinochloa utilis and Lactica sativa) was investigated. Of the three residue types used, Pinus patula residues were found to have the greatest suppressive effects, followed by Eucalyptus grandis and then Acacia mearnsii. Medium-grade residue was found to be more effective than either the coarse or fine grades, and positioning the weed seeds below the mulch resulted in greater suppression than when placed above it. Water extracts from the three residues also resulted in significant suppression of weed establishment, suggesting an allelopathic effect. Finally, suppression of the dicotyledon species was generally greater than suppression of the grass used in this study.


The Department of Transportation Air Traffic Control Advisory Committee concentrated on control of aircraft through the airspace, from takeoff to landing. Emphasis was placed on major terminal areas and on the denser portions of the enroute airspace where the need for efficient use of scarce resources (principally runways and terminal airspace) and the danger of mid-air collisions make sophisticated air traffic control mandatory if safety is to be assured without sacrifice of capacity. Airports were included in the study insofar as they strongly interact with air traffic control, and then, primarily, the committee's concern was with efficient use of runways. No work was done on airport access. Considerable effort was placed on the subject of noise reduction which may be critical to community acceptance of high-capacity airports.


Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) have been perceived as a promising and innovative technology for 5G and next-generation communications, which offers the flexibility of re-configuring a wireless communication environment as desired. Their attractive benefits include low cost, energy-saving, and no interference to others, and hence yield high-performance communications. On the other hand, malicious users may take advantage of IRS to conduct attacks such as eavesdropping and jamming. The integration of IRS into 5G and beyond networks will open up new opportunities from the security perspective, which has not been thoroughly studied. This paper presents the recent accomplishment of the use of IRS-based systems for secure wireless communication by grouping into two categories: secure communication utilizing IRS and security threats using IRS. Representative use cases are proposed, e.g., using IRS to enhance Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) for legitimate users, reducing malicious signals via IRS, and increasing SNR for malicious users. Extensive simulations are conducted for these use cases. The results validate the effectiveness of using IRS to increase or decrease SNR and enhance to improve secure communication or threaten the communication.


To confirm pipeline designs and validate the weld toughness, extensively works of Curved Wide Plate (CWP) test methods was carried out. The method of Two Clip Gauge-CTOD was firstly introduced in CWP test in this paper. The test results of CWP analyzed by Two Clip Gauge-CTOD method and Compliance—J method was compared. The CTOD-R curves achieved by these methods showed the good consistence with each other. Furthermore, the difference of the test results among SENB(single edge-notched bend), SENT(single edge-notched tensile) and CWP was discussed. It shows that the toughness obtained by SENB is relatively conservative, and CWP and SENT are recommend to be chosen for pipeline steel welds toughness test.


Lehmer defined a measure depending on numbers beta_i used in a Machin-like formula for pi. When the beta_i are integers, Lehmer's measure can be used to determine the computational efficiency of the given Machin-like formula for pi. However, because the computations are complicated, it is unclear if Lehmer's measure applies when one or more of the beta_i are rational. In this article, we develop a new algorithm for a two-term Machin-like formula for pi as an example of the unconditional applicability of Lehmer's measure. This approach does not involve any irrational numbers and may allow calculating pi rapidly by the Newton-Raphson iteration method for the tangent function.


The electrochemical behavior of an enzyme sensor for glucose using a gold electrode modified with thiol self-assembled membrane and osmium complex gel as an electron transferring mediator has further been investigated by electrochemical analysis. The gold electrode was initially coated with aminomethanethiol self assembling mono layer membrane(thiol-SAM) and then immobilized with glucose oxidase using poly(vinylpyridine-co-allylamine) (PVP-co-AA), gel coordinated with osmium bipyridine complexes (GOD/Os-PVP-co-AA gel). The cleaning condition of the surface of the Au electrode prior to coating thiol SAM was optimized for reduction of interference caused by concomitant compounds. It was found that interfering influence was most efficiently reduced in the case of use of the Au electrode immersed into nitric acid. The current ratio with a thiol coated gold electrode modified with Os-PVP-co-AA gel in glucose solution in the presence to absence of ascorbic acid, acetaminophen, and uric acid (ID+I/II) was 1.006, 1.014, and 1.018, respectively. The peak current response of glucose in the electrode modified with thiol SAM was dropped to 60 – 98% as compared with that without thiol SAM.


Urinary calcium phosphate and carbonate precipitates reduction by protein and carbohydrate diet change to casein and sucrose in Macaca nemestrina


The internal control system is an important means of modern enterprise management,and is widely used to check wrong against disadvantages、improve the ability of profits and the efficiency of operating.It is liked the short board of bucket to determine the maximum water of deposit.So it is very important to reflect on the lapse reason of internal control.This paper is used American COSO Committee "internal control framework",to analyze the failure reason of internal control from control environment、risk assessment process、information system and communication、control activities and supervision.


Nowadays, approximately 1.5 million joint replacements are performed annually in Europe, while 7 million in the United States. Despite the advances made in the biomaterials field over the last 50 years, still today the average lifetime of an implant is about 20 years. his entails the need for subsequent prosthetic device replacement, especially in young patients, resulting in an increase in patients' health risks as well as clinical and economic burdens for the public health service.
The failure of the implants can be caused by several reasons, such as adverse immune system reaction, biofilm formation or mechanical, chemical, tribological, surgical, manufacturing and biocompatibility problems. An alternative and useful strategy used to overcome this limitation is the modification of the implants' surface by sol-gel coating technology. It allows the production of coatings with a wide range of properties on substrates of different nature and shape, due to the fine control of the coating composition and microstructure.
Sol-gel coatings were successfully proposed to inhibit wear, reduce corrosion and ion release, modify lubricity, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and functionality of several substrates. Moreover, many works report the application of sol-gel coatings on bio-inert implants to improve their bioactivity and biocompatibility, leading to the enhancement of the integration process. This is ascribable to the presence of residual hydroxyl groups on coating materials' surface, able to induce easier nucleation of the hydroxyapatite, to their mesoporosity and, thus, the large specific surface area. Further, the low processing temperatures allows easy coating functionalization by embedding suitable molecules such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents leading to coatings preventing biofilm formation and inflammatory pathway activation.
Therefore, the application of the sol-gel coatings provides an excellent chemical modification of the materials' surface allowing protective barrier layers production.
References: Xiao-Yu Yang, Nidhi Chauhan. Photoenergy and Thin Film Materials, Advanced Materials Series. Chapter 8. WILEY-Scrivener, USA.


Classification of machine learning models had an ultimate achievement by means of supervised learning, but the "state of the art models" have not yet extensively applied the "biological image data". To categorize the erythrocytes as malaria infested or not, we categorize erythrocytes thru ensemble classification method. With this regard, the script strived to prolong our former "decision tree based binary classifier" to accomplish the ensemble classification. Training data which is given clustered into diverse groups that are based on the variety perceived in all probable features projection. Every cluster is engaged to a greater extent to train single classifier. In this esteem, morphological features and entropy-based features are included. From legitimate pathology laboratories, the investigation carried on the real time inputs and combination of benchmark datasets composed as anonymous data. Unlike the existing methods, proposal of this document executed experiments on voluminous data that proliferate in size when compared to present benchmark datasets. With the statistical assessment the execution of proposal is evaluated by comparative analysis amid the two existing models "Malaria infected erythrocyte classification based on a hybrid classifier using microscopic images of thin blood smear (Hybrid Classification Approach)" and "Scale to Estimate Premature Malaria Parasites Scope (SEMPS)"and the proposed model "Cuckoo Search Based Ensemble Classifier (CSEC)". As depicted by the experimental study the suggested model is surpassing the two existing models.


Lexical cohesion has been a serious issue as it is one of the important features in a text. Every writer must consider kinds of lexical devices in writing a text and so do the translator. The main problem in translating the lexical cohesion devices is the different structure between two languages. One device can be applied in one language but not in other language. This journal analyzed the translation of reiteration as part of lexical cohesion devices appeared in the short stories The Black Cat and The Cask of Amontillado written by American writer, Edgar Allan Poe. The short stories were translated by two Indonesian translators namely Anton Kurnia and Shinta Dewi. This research is conducted to share the practice of translating literature works especially a short story which contains a lot of lexical cohesion devices and to give contribution to the development of translation as part of linguistic studies. In doing the research, qualitative and quantitative method is applied including observation, interviews, or document reviews. In the source text, it was found 120 of lexical cohesion devices in the short story "The Cask of Amontillado" and 187 lexical cohesion devices in the short story "The Black Cat". The results obtained from this research were that Anton Kurnia translated 73% of lexical cohesion devices in the source language into the target language. Meanwhile, Shinta Dewi translated 94% of lexical cohesion devices in the source text to the target text.


The Poisson Rectangular Pulse process is used to generate residential water demands with an ultra-fine time resolution (one second) over a 55-hour period at all 138 nodes in a real all-pipes municipal water distribution network. The network equations are then solved with an ad hoc solver to generate unsteady instantaneous rates of flow in each pipe. This computational approach provides an unprecedented level of detail and affords new insights in the analysis of municipal pipe networks. Simulation results include the frequency of stagnant, laminar, transition and turbulent flow, the number of flow direction reversals, the coefficient of variation of the flow rate, the minimum and maximum rates of flow and other hydraulic statistics for any link in the pipe network. These hydraulic characteristics are discussed and compared to similar data generated by EPANET using a standard one-hour extended period time resolution.


Abstract : This interim technical report summarizes the first year's research efforts to fabricate optical communications fibers that are transmissive between 1 and 12 micrometers. The ultimate objective of this program is to prepare infrared transmitting fibers with losses less than 5 dB/km. In preparing infrared transparent fibers with these losses, we are emphasizing the extrusion into fiber of very pure KCl as this material has demonstrated bulk losses equal to or less than 5 dB/km in the 2- to 6-micrometers region. The primary approach used to meet the program goals, therefore, was the extrusion of reactive atmosphere process (RAP) grown KCl into 250- to 1000-micrometers-diameter optical fibers. After one year of effort, the best KCl fiber extruded had a loss of 4200 dB/km. This report also summarizes our efforts in fabricating a special infrared fiber prototype device for the detection of pulsed CO2 laser radiation. The prototype device, which is to be used in a battlefield identification friend or foe (BIFF) application, was successfully field tested in Germany.


The main goal of this work is to study the properties of isolated early-type galaxies with the hope of learning about their formation and evolution. With this goal in mind, B and I optical and near-infrared images of four different samples Ks of early-type galaxies in contrasting galactic density environments have been secured with the Steward Observatory 90 and 61 inch telescopes. The four early-type galaxy samples consist of a sample extracted from the Catalog of Isolated Galaxies (V. E. Karachentseva 1973, Commun. Spec. Astrophys. Obs., 8, 3), a sample of isolated galaxies previously studied by G. Fasano & C. Bonoli (1989, AA most of the galaxies in this sample have been studied by T. Wiklind, F. Combes, & C. Henkel 1995, AA T. Wiklind & C. Henkel 1995, AA and W. K. Huchtmeier, L. J. Sage, & C. Henkel 1995, A&A, 300, 675). This data set is used to examine whether differences in the galactic environment are related to differences in key properties of early-type galaxies. Multicolor surface photometry analysis is performed on the four samples, and the results are used in several contexts. For most of the galaxies in the Karachentseva sample, surface photometry is reported for the first time. Likewise, data for Ks most of the objects are also reported for the first time. The light profile of the galaxies is fitted with Sersic profile functions (J. L. Sersic 1968, Atlas de 1/n I(r) p I exp { b [(r/r ) 1]} e n e Galaxias Australes [Cordoba: Observatorio Astronomico]). We have found that the correlation between the logarithm of the Sersic structure parameter n and the Sersic effective radius re previously discussed by other investigations (e.g., N. Caon, M. Cappacioli, & M. D'Onofrio 1993, MNRAS, 265, 1013 and A. Graham, T. R. Lauer, M. Colles, & M. Postman 1996, ApJ, 465, 534) appears to be valid over a fairly wide range of galaxy sizes. Furthermore, we have found that this correlation does not appear to be strongly dependent on other properties, such as environment or ISM content. Since the de Vaucouleurs profile function is a special case (when ) of the Sersic profile n p 4 function, some of the limitations of the widely accepted de Vaucouleurs function to describe the light profile of elliptical galaxies are discussed. The B I color index, ellipticity, position angle, and thirdand fourth-order Fourier coefficients are derived from the surface photometry. It is confirmed that the third-order coefficients signal the presence of dust and that the coefficient of cos 4v gives structural information on the galaxies. Furthermore, the subtraction of model elliptical galaxies has revealed peculiarities in the morphology, such as disks, spiral arms, dust lanes, multiple nuclei, merger signatures, etc. As an example of model subtraction, we present in Figure 1 the I-band image of the galaxy KIG 83 (UGC 1503) and in Figure 2 the ratio of the original image and a model image. Whereas spiral features can barely be seen in Figure 1, such features clearly stand out in Figure 2. The results of the surface photometry as well as the morphological analysis are used to compare the properties among the different samples. The largest and most relevant sample in this investigation consists of 39 isolated galaxies, and it contains ∼25% of the galaxies classified as elliptical galaxies in the Karachentseva catalog. According to our morphological analysis, only approximately one-half of the galaxies classified as elliptical galaxies in that catalog appear to be correctly classified, a result that may imply a reduction in the percentage of elliptical galaxies in the Karachentseva catalog to ∼6% of the total population of isolated galaxies. This result suggests that the overall percentage of elliptical galaxies that exist in isolated regions of space is smaller by a factor of ∼2 than currently accepted values. Most of the misclassified galaxies turned out to have spiral arms, but a significant number of perturbed galaxies or merger candidates were also found among the galaxies in the Karachentseva catalog. It is argued in the thesis that the fraction of merger candidates among isolated elliptical galaxies can be used to empirically constrain models for the evolution of compact groups into isolated galaxies (J. Saucedo & J. Bieging 2001, Ap&SS, in press). Aside from the optical and infrared studies, the results of a search for the CO(1–0) molecular line for six of the isolated early-type galaxies in the Karachentseva catalog taken at the


Aim at the widely used energy —saving lamp in highway tunnel, in accordance with the relevant requirements in JTG/T D70/2— 01—2014" Design Details of Highway Tunnel Lighting", traffic prediction theory and multi-source information fusion method, internet of things technology was applied to tunnel lighting control. Taking a highway tunnel as background, this parper carried out application study on the on-demand lighting technology of highway tunnel, and it built LED tunnel lighting system on demand and developed dimming control system for highway tunnel based on the Internet of things, and it achieved networked and intelligent management of lighting energy saving.


Historical well-known Wujiatai Tea is national geographical indications. Its origin locates at the Wuling Mountains Area. Agricultural geology is edge discipline of geology and agriculture. The agricultural geology environment conditions of Wujiatai Tea were introduced,the geochemical characteristics of agricultural geological environment were discussed.


The current study investigated whether attentional mechanisms operate on ensembles as higher-order units for selection. In Experiment 1, we presented sets of circles and asked participants to compare the mean sizes of the sets while concurrently detecting a small probe appearing at a centroid of one of the sets. We found that, both with and even without the task instruction to favour larger mean sizes, people's mean size judgement was more accurate for the sets with larger mean sizes. In addition, detection of the probe appearing in the set with the largest mean size was facilitated by a matching task instruction. However, when the task instruction favoured smaller mean sizes, mean size judgement became more accurate for the sets with smaller mean sizes. These results suggest that attentional selection can be based on ensembles. In Experiment 2, we found further evidence that attention was directed towards the centroid of an ensemble, rather than towards an individual member of the ensemble. Together, these results suggest that attentional modulation can operate at the level of ensembles instead of selecting individuals separately and that the centroid of an ensemble can be the locus of selection based on an ensemble.