antiarrhythmic agent structurally close to propisomide (69). The present method can be conveniently applied to the determination of the parent drug and its !vIND metabolite in plasma and urine samples from volunteers treated with 200 mg of propisomide (10). it is sensitive enough for routine applications in pharmacokinetic studies and drug monitoring. When we applied our method to the deteflnination of the drug and its metabolite in whole blood and plasma, we found that the parent drug is preferentially distributed in plasma, whereas the metabolite is almost equally distributed between blood and plasma. This HPLC method, like the gas-chromatographic assay, measures the total concentrations of propisomide in plasma. Because protein-binding of the drug in plasma reportedly (11) is concentration dependent within the range of therapeutic concentration, measurement of the concentration of the free drug may be important for achieving optimal therapeutic effect. Combining the HPLC method with use of equilibrium dialysis would provide determinations of total and free propisomide in plasma.


Background: Diagnosing with cancer is very upsetting and difficult situation for the young children and their families. Stress and anxiety is common in cancer and it occurs at various points throughout the disease. Methods: The quantitative study was conducted at cancer treating hospitals from selected cities in Maharashtra, India. 30 school age children (15 in control group and 15 in experimental group) were included using non-probability convenience sampling technique and quasi-experimental pre-test, posttest research design was used. Data was collected by using a perceived stress scale-children (stress) and HAM-A scale (Anxiety). Art therapy including drawing, painting and ceramic art given to only experimental group. Data calculated by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The major findings of the study were, Maximum samples 8 (53.33%) belong to age group of 10 12 years whereas 6 (60%) belong to age group 7 - 9 years as experimental and control group respectively. In both group majority sample 9 (60%) and 11 (73.33%) were male. Maximum 11 (73.33%) and 10 (66.67%) from Hindu religion in both groups. Maximum 9 (60%) and 8 (53.33%) parents were working in private or government sector as well as 9 (60%) and 10 (66.67%) had their monthly income more than 15000 per month in experimental and control group. In experimental group Majority 7 (46.67%) samples had their duration of illness 1 - 2 year whereas in control group 7 (46.67%) had their duration of illness < 1 year. Maximum 5 (33.33%) and 6 (40%) received chemotherapy in both groups. In experimental group 6 (40%) samples selected ceramic art and 6 (40%) samples selected painting in the control group.There were no any significant associations found between stress score with socio- demographic characteristics of the samples. There was significant association found between score of anxiety and demographic variable of Hindu religion (0.0002) at <0.05. Conclusion: Nurses, will be play important role to demonstrate and participate in art therapy for promoting relaxation, reducing stress and anxiety among the children with cancer.


Presently,in view of Nutch search engine disappointment which has not realized the PageRank computation,after the classical PageRank algorithm is analyzed and studied,this algorithm is improved through establishing factor which controls the outside links and inside links proportion.Using the superiority of processing the big data set on MapReduce,the MapReduce-based PageRank distributional parallel algorithm is designed and implemented on Nutch compute clusters.Experiments show that the more processing data and cluster nodes are,the higher efficiency of computing PageRank is;moreover,this distributional parallel algorithm has good scalability.


Methods: In this cross-sectional survey-based study, 41 respondents completed the 17-question survey. Participants were recruited by email through the Eye Bank Association of America listserv and by chain referral sampling. Questions pertained to tissue processing, technician training, challenges, and efficiency. Main outcome measures included experience, volume, and frequency of DMEK preparation, time to train and time to process tissue, and estimated percent processing yield. Perceived tissue processing challenges, potential areas for improvement, and forecasted DMEK growth were evaluated.


The deprotonation behaviour of 4-methoxypyrrol-2(5H)-ones (4-O-methyl tetramates) is defined and exploited to provide methods for the synthesis of methyl tetramates variously substituted at N-1, C-5, and C-3.


We introduce multiple-control fuzzy vaults allowing generalized threshold, compartmented and multilevel access structure. The presented schemes enable many useful applications employing multiple users and/or multiple locking sets. Introducing the original single control fuzzy vault of Juels and Sudan we identify several similarities and differences between their vault and secret sharing schemes which influence how best to obtain working generalizations. We design multiple-control fuzzy vaults suggesting applications using biometric credentials as locking and unlocking values. Furthermore we assess the security of our obtained generalizations for insider/ outsider attacks and examine the access-complexity for legitimate vault owners.


Poster: "ECR 2017 / C-2932 / Multicentre analysis of blood flow values of normal liver in CT perfusion examinations of patients with colorectal cancer" by: "A. Bevilacqua1, S. Malavasi1, M. Ronot2, J.-L. Daire2, B. Van Beers2, V. Vilgrain2; 1Bologna/IT, 2Clichy/FR"


The effects of herbicides, alone application or in combination with insecticides, on performance of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] were examined at ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during rainy seasons of 2013 and 2014. Alone application of imazethapyr 10 SL @ 1.0 l/ha or in combination with indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 300 ml/ha and rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 100 ml/ha lowered monocot and dicot weed count, reduced weed dry matter and increased weed control efficiency in comparison with other herbicide and insecticide applications, individual or in combinations. These results suggested that the imazethapyr can effectively control different categories of weeds, especially of monocots in soybean field. However, seed yield, net returns and B: C ratios were higher in the quizalofop ethyl 5 EC (1.0 l/ha) applied plots followed by combined application of rynaxypyr 20 SC (100 ml/ha) + quizalofop ethyl 5 EC (1.0 l/ha)).


A simple approach is presented to implement an active aperture radar with a constrained beam-forming network that is adequate enough to generate multiple beams for atmospheric wind profiling. In this approach, elements of the antenna array are fed directly by dedicated transceiver modules, which are realized with commercially available communication components, making them low cost. A passive 2D beam-forming network distributes the exciter output signal and feeds the transceivers with appropriate phase distribution to generate different beams. This configuration, which is a simplified active array, eliminates the feed loss and achieves the best signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), thereby increases range coverage. Consequently, this scheme allows for a smaller antenna size when compared to a conventional passive array system, for the given range performance, and makes the wind profiler compact and transportable. A 1280-MHz, 64-element simplified active array radar has been developed, successfully validated, and is being operated at Gadanki, a tropical station in south India. Measured winds are in good agreement with those obtained with a collocated GPS sonde technique. This paper presents the configuration and sample results of the system.


for the most part, placed as appendices to the chapters in which they occur. No misprints in the text or errors in any of the examples have been noted. The author states that his main theme is "the calculus of complex functions". The early chapters cover, at a leisurely pace, analytic functions and elementary transformations. Then follow chapters on the Cauchy theory of integration, complex power series and Laurent series. The last section of the book concludes with the evaluation of real integrals and the discussion of "a number of topics that are primarily of a theoretical nature, although by no means devoid of practical importance". The reviewer feels that the book fails to meet any specific requirement in this country, being insufficient in content for the mathematician and being perhaps too theoretical and diffuse for the scientist and engineer. And the price is almost prohibitive.


Bidirectional user interfaces serve more than half a billion users worldwide. Despite increasing diversity-driven approaches to interface development, bidirectional interfaces still use UI items' directionality inconsistently and incorrectly. Designers should pay special attention to UI items containing ambiguous information that can be processed both from right to left and from left to right by bidirectional users. Such items are susceptible to ineffective use. This paper reports preliminary results from a study with 1705 Arabic and Hebrew users. We investigated the directional interpretation of 16 UI items, empirically demonstrating the ambiguity problem in bidirectional interfaces and the potential influence of UI factors on how users interpret the items' directionality. While the study indicates that preventing all interpretation errors is unlikely, a large portion of those errors can be addressed by proper design.


Classical fisheries biology aims to optimise fisheries-level outcomes, such as yield or profit, by controlling the fishing effort. This can be adjusted to allow for the effects of environmental stochasticity, or noise, in the population dynamics. However, when multiple fishing entities, which could represent countries, commercial organisations, or individual vessels, can autonomously determine their own fishing effort, the the optimal action for one fishing entity depends on the actions of others. Coupled with noise in the population dynamics, and with decisions about fishing effort made repeatedly, this becomes an iterated stochastic game. We tackle this problem using the tools of stochastic optimisation, first for the monopolist's problem and then for the duopolist's problem. In each case, we derive optimal policies that specify the best level of fishing effort for a given stock biomass. Under these optimal policies, we can calculate the equilibrium stock biomass, the expected long-term return from fishing and the probability of stock collapse. We also show that there is a threshold stock biomass below which it is optimal to stop fishing until the stock recovers. We then develop an agent-based model to test the effectiveness of simple strategies for responding to deviations by an opponent from a cooperative fishing level. Our results show that the economic value of the fishery to a monopolist, or to a consortium of fishing agents, is robust to a certain level of noise. However, without the means of making agreements about fishing effort, even low levels of noise make sustained cooperation between autonomous fishing agents difficult.


How to allocate the numbers of transmitted bits to the sub carriers in OFDM system is studied in this article. Among all the bit loading algorithms, three classic bit loading algorithms are investigated, the Greedy algorithm is mostly analyzed, the performance of the three algorithms are also analyzed by simulation and some improved methods are proposed


The morphological and biological analysis of dace excerption was made: the morphometrical parameters were measured, the species age and the coefficients of fatness were determinated. The connection between gender and parameters value was confirmed.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of oxygen atomizing inhalation of Mucosolvan in the assistant treatment of children bronchial pneumonia.Methods 100 cases of acute bronchial pneumonia children were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.50 cases for each group.Regular treatment were given to control group,meanwhile,based on regular treatment,the children in treatment group were also treated with oxygen atomizing inhalation of Mucosolvan.The time needed for the disappearance of clinical symptoms and signs and duration of hospitalization were evatated.Results There were significant differences between the two groups in the disappearing time of cough,wheezy phlegm,short of breath,fever,wheezy sound in lung and duration of hospitalization(P0.01).Conclusion The oxygen atomizing inhalation of Mucosolvan could control the attack of child bronchial pneumonia without side efficacy.And worth to widely worthy application in pediatric clinic practice.


Asian eyelids are characteristically puffy, with a fold, and have bulging of the orbital fat and septum. Moreover, with the aging process, the orbital septum and skin lose elasticity and orbital fat atrophy proceeds, thus resulting in dermatochalasis and a sunken eyelid. We introduce a modified technique of infrabrow excision with septo-myocutaneous flap repositioning. An upper incision was made along the lower margin of the eyebrow and the placement of the lower incision was decided according to the amount of skin excision needed. After skin removal, the orbicularis oculi muscle (OOM) was incised 2 mm above the lower margin and dissected to expose the orbital septum. Additional dissection was performed along the preseptal plane to the supraorbital rim periosteum. Then, the lower flap (septo-myocutaneous flap) was anchored to the supraorbital rim periosteum. The overlapping OOM and subcutaneous layers were sutured separately. This technique makes it possible to correct the cause of an aging eyelid appearance. Additionally, an overlapping OOM aids in correcting sunken eyelids, and by tensioning the orbital septum, a puffy eyelid is corrected. As an advantage over the conventional infrabrow excision, our method prevents recurrence and corrects orbital septum laxity. Therefore, it can achieve more natural outcomes and lower recurrence rates.


New measurements of the CP asymmetry in B→ψKS, αψKS, by the BABAR and BELLE collaborations are consistent with the Standard Model prediction for sin 2β. These measurements, however, leave open the possibility that αψKS is well below the Standard Model prediction. We identify deviations from the ``reasonable ranges'' of hadronic parameters that can lead to low values of sin 2β. New physics, mainly in B0−0 mixing and/or K0−0 mixing, can explain low values of αψKS in two ways: either by allowing for values of sin 2β below the Standard Model prediction or by modifying the relation between αψKS and sin 2β.


The finite-control-set model predictive direct torque control (FCS-MPDTC) is a novel control scheme. A key feature of FCS-MPDTC is that the possible voltage space vectors of the power converters are taken into account as the control input of the drive system. A cost function is used in FCS-MPDTC to evaluate each possible voltage space vector and the one with minimum cost is selected. Due to the noticeable torque and flux ripples of FCS-MPDTC, a novel FCS-MPDTC with virtual voltage space vectors is proposed in this paper. To mitigate the computational burden caused by increased voltage space vectors, a pre-selective scheme is designed to filter out the impractical voltage vectors instead of evaluating all twenty voltage space vectors.


The practical significance of the Heze City to develop the peony tourism was analyzed,as well as the existing problems in ecotourism development. It was thought that Heze City should seize the opportunity that our country utilizes cultural industry for developing economy,and The Development Plan of Western Region pushes forward the development of Heze,utilize peony culture for the development of peony theme tourism,and use peony wine for the development of peony industry,integrate peony wine and peony culture of eco-tourism,taking advantage of the peony,making more and more friends,developing culture,exploiting trade,developing tourism,and reviving economy,creat the brand of"one city and four villages and ecology",promoting the sustained and healthy development of Heze effectively.


It is estimated that over three million people have an ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) annually. For the last 15 years, management guidelines published and updated by the european and american cardiology societies have been emphatic that angioplasty is the preferred option for reperfusion. The benefits of fibrinolytic therapy in STEMI patients are well established in the first 12 hours of onset of symptoms. Rev Guatem Cardiol 2014;24(Sup 1):S47-S50


Pento xifylline (PTX) has been shown to exert anti-metastatic activity in solid tumor. In the present study the underlying mo lecular mechanism of the anti- angiogenic activ ity of PTX was investigated in highly metastatic B16F10 melano ma. PTX suppressed the phosphorylation of Signal transducer activator of Transcription 3(STAT3) and its upstream kinases in B16f10 melano ma at nontoxic dosages. It also reduced the expression of HIF1α, VEGF (potent angiogenic factor), its receptors (VEGFR1, VEGFR2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines which play a significant role in induction of angiogenesis in solid tu mors. Moreover, PTX significantly suppressed the microvessel density around tumor induced in mice by injecting B16F10 cells intradermally on shaven ventral site. The inhibition in vasculature around tumor resulted in regression of tumor volume in PTX treated group of animals as compared to untreated group. These findings suggest that PTX exert anti-tu mor activity by inhibit ing angiogenesis via targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway in B16F10 melanoma


In this paper, we present and study a Bayesian focusing transformation (BFT) for coherent wideband array processing, which takes into account the uncertainty of the direction of arrivals (DOAs). The Bayesian focusing method minimizes the mean-square error of the transformation over the probability density functions (pdfs) of the DOAs, thus achieving improved focusing accuracy over the entire bandwidth. In order to solve the Bayesian focusing problem, we derive and utilize a weighted extension of the wavefield interpolated narrowband generated subspace (WINGS) focusing transformation. We provide a closed-form expression for the optimal BFT and extend it to the case of directional sensors. We then consider a numerical computation scheme of the BFT in the angular domain. We show that if an angular sampling condition is satisfied then the angle domain approximation yields the optimal BFT. We also treat the important issue of robust focused minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer. We analyze the sensitivity of the focused MVDR to the focusing errors and show that the array gain (AG) is inversely proportional to the square of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for large values of the SNR, and highly sensitive to the focusing errors. In order to reduce this sensitivity we generalize the popular narrowband diagonal loaded MVDR to the focused wideband case, referred to as the Q-loaded focused MVDR wideband beamformer. We derive a closed-form analytic expression for the AG of the Q-loaded focused MVDR beamformer which depends on the focusing transformations. A numerical performance evaluation and simulations demonstrate the advantage of the BFT over that of other focusing transformations, for multiple source scenarios.


We summarize and extend our work on flux vacua attractors in generalized compactifications. After reviewing the attractor equations for the heterotic string on SU(3) structure manifolds, we study attractors for N = 1 vacua in type IIA/B on SU(3) × SU(3) structure spaces. In the case of vanishing RR flux, we find attractor equations that encode Minkowski vacua only (and which correct a previous normalization error). In addition to our previous considerations, here we also discuss the case of nonzero RR flux and the possibility of attractors for AdS vacua.


Purpose

This paper aims to provide an overview of Keller's ARCS (attention, relevance, confidence and satisfaction) model of motivational design and explores how three instruction librarians at different institutions have integrated the model into their teaching practices to improve student motivation during information literacy (IL) sessions.

Design/methodology/approach

Case studies describe how instruction librarians began to incorporate the ARCS model into library instruction. Three librarians used self-reflective practice and a range of assessment techniques to evaluate and improve teaching practice.

Findings

ARCS is valuable for improving student engagement during IL instruction. The authors suggest best practices for learning about and integrating the model and propose instructional strategies that align with it.

Originality/value

This paper fills a gap in literature on practical applications of motivational design in library instruction and suggests best practices for teaching and assessment using the ARCS model.


Weed infestation is one of the main menaces of irrigated wheat production and productivity in Ethiopia. This experiment was conducted at Amibara and Fentale districts, to determine the appropriate period of herbicide application in irrigated wheat in Awash Valley. A total of ten treatments; 13, 18, 23, 28, 32, 38, 43 and 48 days after sowing along with a weed-free and weedy check were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replication. The result revealed that weed density and biomass increased as weed competition periods increased, with the highest weed densities and biomass reported in weedy check in both study locations. The current study found that critical period of weed crop competition in wheat crop irrigated lowland areas were between 18 to 28 days after planting to avoid economic yield loss. Furthermore, weed growth was faster in the hot area and weed attained an economic threshold level earlier than in Ethiopia's highlands. Weed management in irrigated wheat conditions must be at the early seedling wheat crop stage. Future research should focus on evaluating various herbicides against broad leaf and grass weeds.


Recently, introduction of renewable energy such as photovoltaics and wind energy has gained precedence for greenhouse gas reduction and oil substitution. However, due to the power fluctuation of renewable energy sources, voltage and frequency deviation are problematic in power systems. From the background, smart grids are attracting attention. Already, a smart grid based on AC grid is proposed. However, no study on research is presented or published on a smart grid based on DC grid. DC smart grid has been presented by the authors. The DC smart grid is robust to ac-side fault conditions. However, dc faults in the DC smart grid are not considered in previous papers. This paper analyzes dc faults, their transients, and the resulting protection issues in the DC smart grid. Over-current fault are analyzed in detail and provide an insight into protection system design. The effectiveness of the proposed method is performed by using PSIM environment.


Models of the determination of the frequencies of 31 species of bryophytes, lichens, and algae in limestone pavement grikes were calculated by multiple regression. Independent variables were parameters of microclimate and surface pH. Percentages of variance accounted for varied from 14 to 72. In most cases the balance is attributable to replicate errors in the estimates of species frequencies and the abundance of zeros in the data. The models were used to predict species frequencies in other grikes, and in most species the mean difference between predicted and observed frequencies was less than 10%. Determinants of species frequency were found to be similar for species growing near the bottoms of the grikes but differed for those occurring near the tops.It is suggested that a two-phase analysis would be more informative than straightforward regression. In phase (a) the conditions under which the expected frequency is nonzero would be delimited; in phase (b) multiple regression would be performed on the ob...


The article authors discuss the transmission of the effects of monetary policy on the economy of regions, and consider the factors that hinder the effectiveness of monetary policy in some regions of the Russian Federation. This applies to those entities of the federation where the banking system is not sufficiently developed, and monetary policy instruments do not find a response in the regional money markets. In this article the authors analyze the sensitivity of changes in rates for banking products to the changes in the key rate of the Bank of Russia. The features of inflationary processes and the reaction of rates on banking products in non-standard entities of the Russian Federation are studied. The underdevelopment of the banking system in the southern regions of the Russian Federation, extreme inflation rates (which are outside the confidence interval), the structure and parameters of loan portfolios – all of this shows the reasons for the weak transmission effects of monetary policy in the regional space.


Schiller's aesthetic education is a deep understanding of the relationship between "artistic creation" and human development.It is also the re-recognition of traditional and modern society from politics and philosophy.He intended to find materials of art processing from the vast resources of human history,digging out the universal human nature which may activate today's human passion to transform the society.Schiller's outstanding series of historical drama intend to shape "ordinary people" with complete human nature under the guidance of "the ancient Greeks".He also described the normal distribution of social forces and daily operation of political forces in different "failed hero" tragedies.When the light of wisdom caused by his passion shined into the theater packed with audience,he also made the soft light of "aesthetic" shine through the entire country through the theater of the "public channel".From the perspective of stringent tests,Schiller's "making the past serve the present" dramas which are like many of Shakespeare's theatrical masterpieces,realized the ideal art state which can transcend time and space,as well as the ancient and the present.


This article illustrates how the information component determining long-horizon US stock market returns can be related to a demographic variable, MY the ratio of middle-aged to young adults. In fact, MY can be seen as the major determinants of a slowly evolving time-varying mean of the dividend/price ratio. A forecasting model for stock market returns over a century of US annual data that uses as predictors the dividend/price ratio and MY overcomes all the statistical difficulties related to the high persistence of the dividend/price ratio and performs very well in forecasting long-horizon stock market returns. Moreover, the use of demographic variables as a predictor for long-run stock market returns delivers a steeply downward sloping term structure of stock market risk. (JEL codes: G17, C53, E44) Copyright The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Ifo Institute for Economic Research, Munich. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: firstname.lastname@example.com, Oxford University Press.


Privacy-preserving under set-valued data publishing is an important problem. Aiming at this problem, this paper presents an iterative strategy that anonymizes set-valued data through partial deletion strategy. This strategy ensures that no strong inferences of sensitive information are possible regardless of the amount of background knowledge the attacker possesses, while making no particular assumption of the downstream utility of the data. It attempts to retain as many mineable useful association rules as possible in the anonymized data, while minimizing the item deletions. Experimental result shows that partial deletion significantly outperforms generalization and global deletion, two of the existing popular anonymization techniques, reducing the number of deletions by 30% on average and retaining 25% more rules.


The use of quantitative methods to analyze the loss in gait smoothness, an increase in movement intermittency which is a distinguishing hallmark of motor deficits in stroke patients, has gained considerable attention in recent years. In the literature, the spectral arc length (SPARC), as well as metrics based on the measurement of the jerk, such as the log dimensionless jerk (LDLJ), are currently employed to assess smoothness. However, the optimal measure for evaluating the smoothness of walking in stroke patients remains unknown. Here, we investigated the smoothness of the body's center of mass (BCoM) trajectory during gait, using an optoelectronic system, in twenty-two subacute and eight chronic patients before and after a two-month rehabilitation program. The two measures were evaluated for their discriminant validity (ability to differentiate the smoothness of the BCoM trajectory calculated on the cycle of the affected and unaffected limb, and between subacute and chronic patients), validity (correlation with clinical scales), and responsiveness to the intervention. According to our findings, the LDLJ outperformed the SPARC in terms of the examined qualities. Based on data gathered using an optoelectronic system, we recommend using the LDLJ rather than the SPARC to investigate the gait smoothness of stroke patients.


Photograph of a street scene in Columbus, New Mexico. A truck can be seen driving up the road. There are two men on horseback and a few cars parked in front of a business. Most of the businesses names are not legible due to the small print. The A. D. Frost furniture and hardware store can be seen on the next block, in the upper left hand corner of the photo.


Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and oxytocin were given simultaneously by intravenous infusion to 28 patients with a missed abortion, 5 patients with a hydatidiform mole and 17 patients at or after 28 weeks gestation with intrauterine death (IUD) of the fetus. There were no failures of induction although a repeat infusion was necessary in 2 patients, and 20 of the 33 induced abortions were incomplete. The average induction to delivery interval for all cases was less than 10 hours. Pyrexia developed in one‐third of the patients. There were no other undesirable side effects.


In a recent author's paper four classes of methods of the secant type for solving systems of nonlinear equations were proposed. They are stable with respect to linear dependence of the search direc ...


AbstractThis study shows that the North American monsoon system's (NAMS) strength, onset, and retreat over northwestern Mexico exhibit multidecadal variations during the period 1948–2009. Two dry regimes, associated with late onsets, early retreats, and weaker rainfall rates, occurred in 1948–70 and 1991–2005, whereas a strong regime, associated with early onsets, late retreats, and stronger rainfall rates, occurred in 1971–90. A recovery of the monsoon strength was observed after 2005. This multidecadal variation is linked to the sea surface temperature anomalies' (SSTAs) variability, which is a combination of the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) and the warming SST trends. These SST modes appear to cause an anomalous cyclonic circulation and enhanced rainfall over the southeastern United States and the Gulf of Mexico, which in turn increases the atmospheric stability over the monsoon region. However, these SST modes cannot fully explain the circulation and rainfall anomalies observed during the e...


Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is a group of inherited disorder of dental enamel formation in the absence of systemic manifestations. AI is also known as Hereditary enamel dysplasia, Hereditary brown enamel, Hereditary brown opalescent teeth. Since the mesodermal components of the teeth is normal, this defect is entirely ectodermal in origin. Variants of AI generally are classified as hypoplastic, hypocalcified, or hypomineralised types based on the primary enamel defect. The affected teeth may be discoloured, sensitive or prone to disintegration, leading to loss of occlusal vertical dimensions and very poor aesthetics. They exists in isolation or associated with other abnormalities in syndromes. It may show autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, sex-linked and sporadic inheritance patterns. Mutations in the amelogenin, enamelin, and kallikrein-4 genes have been demonstrated to different types of AI.


The safety community, bolstered by the PSM regulations, has emphasized the importance of proper management of change, "MOC," to ensure safe, reliable and economic operation of chemical plants, refineries and increasingly, on‐ and off‐shore pipelines, and installations.


With the growing world population, the need for vegetables due to its economic importance, nutritional value and viability cannot be overemphasized. In an attempt to add value to vegetables before domestically using them, a motorized electric- driven machine has been developed in order to circumvent the challenges of time consumption, contamination and injuries associated with the manual process of shredding vegetables using sharp knife. Shredding of vegetables is a process of cutting vegetables into thin slices or pieces using a sharp knife, food processor or grater. The vegetable shredding machine which works on shear principle was designed and fabricated using locally sourced materials from the opinion of new idea and tested. The performance test evaluation shows that the machine driven by a 1hp electric motor has an average performance cutting time of 30.2seconds for a full hopper volume of 2319. 8cm3 which is equivalent to 78.87kg of vegetables with an efficiency of 89.35% and a throughput capacity of 9400.48kg/h. The shredding processing machine is made up of simple components that can be easily assembled. Thus,the operation and maintenance is quite easy.


The search for new drugs to treat viral infections and immune deficiencies of various eti-ologies is still one of the most important tasks of medicinal chemistry, pharmacy, and medicine due to the widespread prevalence of a number of socially dangerous viral infections. This review fo-cuses on the chemical modification of Glycyrrhizic acid (Gl), the main component of licorice root, which is currently a leading natural glycoside that is considered to be promising for the development of new antiviral agents. The review presents the results of studies conducted over the past 15 years to obtain a library of Gl acid derivatives for biological studies and to search for leader com-pounds. The synthesis of new biologically active derivatives and analogues (conjugates with amino acids and dipeptides, amino sugars, licorice triterpene acids conjugates with amino sugars, saponins and mono glycosides, and heterocyclic amides) was conducted, and their antiviral and immune modulating properties were studied. Potent inhibitors of HIV, SARS CoV, Epstein-Barr, and influenza A/H1N1 viruses and the stimulators of primary immune response were found among the Gl derivatives and analogues that were produced.


In complex urban traffic conditions, the accurate detection of vehicles is challenging to current vehicle detection methods. To achieve the precise vehicle detection in complex urban traffic conditions, we have proposed a vehicle detection method based on a deformable hybrid image template in this paper. Our method contains two steps: constructing our hybrid image template and its probability model, and detecting vehicles from traffic images by using a three-stage SUM-MAX procedure. In the template construction step, small image patches constituting the hybrid image template are automatically learned from training images. These image patches have various features and the feature types include sketch, texture, flatness, and color. Furthermore, a probability model is proposed to assist the vehicle detection step. After the template construction, a three-stage SUM-MAX procedure is applied to achieve vehicle detection with local deformations in locations and orientations. There are two innovations in our method which are the applications of the hybrid image template and the three-stage SUM-MAX procedure in vehicle detection under complex urban traffic conditions. To evaluate our method, we have done a quantitative and contrast experiment and the experiment on complex urban traffic conditions. The experimental results show that our method can effectively cope with various vehicle poses, vehicle shapes, time-of-day and weather conditions. In particular, our method has good performance in complex urban traffic conditions.


There is little information on the metabolic rate of patients in severe acidosis resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, and among the few studies which have been reported, there is no general uniformity of results. It has usually been concluded that there is no striking change in metabolic rate of patients in diabetic acidosis. Recent studies in this laboratory do not confirm these reports, and the changes found have been consistent and definite. Many of the early studies included patients who were in mild or questionable acidosis, and comparison of their metabolic rates to normal were made on a simple height: weight relationship rather than on themore valid DuBois standards (1) which comprehend body surface area. Allen and DuBois (2) in 1916, Wilder and associates (3) in 1922, and Holton (4) in 1924, all presented complete reviews, including the studies of Hedon (5), Joslin and Bennedict (cited in [2] ) and Bernstein and Falta (6). These reviewers agreed that the previous investigators obtained variable results and that the most reasonable conclusion was that there is no significant or striking change of the metabolic rate of patients in diabetic acidosis as compared to normal. Richardson and Mason (7) studied a case of diabetic coma in a "respiration calorimeter" and found an increase in the basal metabolic rate of 11 per cent. Duncan (8) as late as 1947 listed diabetic acidosis under the category of miscellaneous disorders which caused clinically unimportant changes in the basal metabolic rate. Joslin and associates (9) agreed with all previous reviewers and quoted the statement of DuBois (10): "The role of acidosis in the metabolism of a diabetic is ex-


Not everyone will agree with the use of the term "Pseudoseizure", but everyone knows what it means. As stated in the preface, one of the editors of this book surveyed 30 University Departments of Neurology and discovered that 5% of all admissions for uncontrollable seizures, 10% of admissions of patients with epilepsy, and 10-20% of out-patients with that diagnosis probably had either "pseudoseizures" alone, or had a mixture of "pseudoseizures" and true epileptic fits. The frequency of the practical problem justifies a monograph on the topic and this book provides an excellent introduction to the field. The historical background to the concepts of epilepsy and hysteria is introduced in the first chapter by Wayne Massey. It is good to find Caesar's fit described by Casca and Brutus (as reported by Shakespeare) next door to Conan Doyle's description of the seizure feigned by Sherlock Holmes in "The Reigate Squires". Even Dr Watson was fooled! In two separate chapters, Donald Scott discusses the recognition of non-epileptic seizures, and the value of the EEG in this situation. Not surprisingly there are no easy answers. Elaborate semi-purposive movements are common during the motor automatisms of partial complex seizures; resistance to external stimulation is the usual response during a post-ictal confusional state, tongue biting, incontinence and injury all may occur during feigned fits and the sophisticated patient can easily extend the big toe. It is also interesting to learn that the slap on the face, or dowsing of the head with cold water, may stop a true petit mal attack, and may block three per second generalised spike wave discharges in the EEG. The use of the EEG in diagnosis is often confounded by the fact that many patients with "pseudoseizures" have had epilepsy in the past, so that their tracings frequently show obvious abnormality. Recording the EEG during an attack may give definitive evidence of epilepsy, with initial attentuation of the alpha rhythm, followed by spike or other discharge commencing locally and spreading widely, and terminating with flattening of background elements and the appearance of slow activity. However, during a "pseudoseizure", alpha activity may be suppressed, and it is often difficult to distinguish muscle artefact from true spike discharges occurring during the fit. The more attacks that are witnessed, the better the chance of coming to the correct conclusion, and it is here that continuous EEG monitoring may prove of considerable value. However, in the reviewer's experience, to show that a single attack is or is not an epileptic fit in such a patient often does not solve the problem. The diagnostic question frequently is "What proportion of this patient's attacks are really epileptic, and what proportion of them are not?". Of course, there is also the problem, albeit rare, of the true epileptic fit without any surface EEG abnormality, but with clear-cut seizure discharges recorded from depth electrodes. Robert Feldman and his colleagues contribute a chapter on video-tape recording and EEG monitoring in epilepsy and "pseudoseizures". Their use of these techniques in patients whose seizures appear precipitated by emotional stress is of particular interest. Emotionally charged topics are deliberately introduced during the period of monitoring in an attempt to provoke seizures, the physical content and the EEG correlate of which are then recorded. This confrontation technique may demonstrate that such emotionally triggered fits are real or false. Alec Roy also deals with this difficult ground of differential diagnosis between real and "hysterical" (note the different title) seizures, from the viewpoint of a psychiatrist. Problems of the definition of hysteria haunt this text. The present fashionable fount of diagnostic accuracy, "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-III (1980)" gets over the problem by not mentioning the word hysteria. Roy's own work has provided useful guidelines for raising the index of suspicion of "pseudoseizures" amongst patients presenting with paroxysmal attacks. Thus, in groups of patients with "pseudoseizures" alone, or "pseudoseizures" with true epilepsy, he found four features to occur


Evidence from Mineralogical, geochemical and fluid inclusions data have shown the occurrence of two geothermal reservoirs in the Los Humeros Geothermal Field (LHGF) as well as the formation of acid fluids that at once promoted corrosion in well casings. Analysis of production and reservoir engineering data from wells of LHGF, and pressure distribution profiles for the unperturbed system, were used as evidence for the existence of two reservoirs: one of high liquid saturation and other of low liquid saturation. The unperturbed system did not contain a proper acid zone. No evidence of acid fluids occurring in the reservoirs have been found. The only instance of shallow acidity is the surface argillic alteration as a result of H2SO4 formation. Deep corrosive fluids in wells were formed after the exploitation of the field began.


This article introduces EPRESS, a new project funded by the Electronic Libary programme. EPRESS aims to change the way that electronic journals are administrated by offering software tools, shared knowledge, and shared features. The ultimate aim is to retrieve the editorial assistant of many of the laborious tasks of e-journals production and reduce the technical expertise required to publish. This will to lower labour costs and ultimately cheaper journals


Magnetic gear which is capable of non-contact transfer torque has replaced mechanical gear and has advantages of high-efficiency and improved reliability. However, the magnetic gear has eddy current loss due to magnets unlike the mechanical gear. In addition, the magnetic gear has ferromagnetic pole pieces between two rotors. When kinds of steel use stainless (SUS) materials which have high strength is used to support these ferromagnetic pole pieces, the eddy current loss is generated through those materials. The eddy current loss becomes a main cause of decrease of torque transfer efficiency. Therefore, in a design process, investigating and analyzing the eddy current loss are very important. In this paper, the eddy current loss of the magnets and the pole pieces supporter is calculated using a non-linear finite element method (FEM) based on 3-D numerical analysis and the effect of eddy current loss on the torque transfer efficiency is analyzed. Furthermore, the reliability of this paper ensures by comparison the torque transfer efficiency of numerical analysis and the experiment.


BACKGROUND
Acute dehydration caused by a variety of diseases in horses can lead to acute kidney injury. However, current renal biomarkers usually indicate renal damage late in the course of the disease. A novel biomarker would be helpful to diagnose renal disease earlier.

OBJECTIVES
1) To estimate the correlation of serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) concentrations with the degree of dehydration, traditional renal biomarkers and renal function analysis, and 2) to determine the value of SDMA as a prognostic and early biomarker of renal injury in horses.

STUDY DESIGN
Prospective cohort.

METHODS
Serum SDMA, creatinine and urea concentrations and renal function analysis were measured in 41 horses with dehydration at four time points until 48 hours after admission. Horses were grouped according to their dehydration level into mildly, moderately and severely dehydrated groups.

RESULTS
Serum SDMA concentrations at admission correlated with creatinine concentrations (r = 0.412, P<0.001). Differences of SDMA concentrations at admission were detected among dehydration levels but not between survivors and non-survivors. Significant correlations of SDMA concentrations with other markers of renal function analysis and short-term outcome were not observed.

MAIN LIMITATIONS
Besides the small sample size and low statistical power, missing urine samples at specific time points were also one of the main limitations. Only one of the horses developed acute kidney injury, which made the evaluation of the predictive value of SDMA difficult.

CONCLUSIONS
SDMA concentrations correlated significantly with creatinine concentrations in dehydrated horses. Further research is needed to reveal the application of SDMA in horse.


PURPOSE
Maintaining oral health is important for pregnant minority adolescents and their offspring's present and future well-being. The purpose of this article is to identify the scope of oral health problems and describe three models to guide pediatric nursing research and interventions related to oral health in pregnant minority adolescents.

CONCLUSIONS
Identifying and understanding the risks of poor oral health in pregnant minority adolescents will assist those who plan and provide care for this vulnerable population.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Utilizing more than one model or a combination of models may be necessary for improving oral health outcomes in this population.


COMPETITIVE ATHLETES ARE ENCOURAGED to participate in cross training activities that will exercise muscle groups differently than how they are normally used in their specific sport. Football players dance, tennis players swim, golfers jog. Just as cross training promotes optimal performance levels and mitigates against injury in athletes, cross training for the voice promotes similar results for "voice athletes." Developing the entire singing system-abdominal muscles to zygomatic muscles-makes physiologic, pedagogic, and artistic sense. Using the entire singing system in a multitude of ways makes even more sense. Take, for example, the intrinsic laryngeal muscles responsible for pitch and register adjustments in both male and female voices: the thyroarytenoids (TA) which shorten and thicken the vocal folds, and the cricothyroids (CT) which lengthen and thin the vocal folds. Since these muscles play active roles in singing and speaking, it follows that singers should maximize the potential of these muscles. Therefore, both male and female classical music and contemporary commercial music (CCM) singers who perform a majority of their songs in their TA-dominant ("chest" or "mix") register would do well to exercise extensively in their CT-dominant ("head" or "falsetto") register to establish a healthier balance and coordination of vocal fold activity. Conversely, both male and female classical music and contemporary music singers who perform a majority of their repertoire in their CT-dominant ("head" or "falsetto") register should be advised to spend a good amount of practice time exercising their TAs. Multiple vocal fold postures can segue nicely into resonance coupling with an emphasis on vocal tract adjustments. Since we know that classically trained singers, in order to produce a strong, full, self-amplified tone, tend to lower the larynx, widen the pharynx (the "open throat"), open the mouth, and lift the soft palate when they sing, cross training here would mean slightly raising the larynx, narrowing the pharynx and mouth opening, and allowing access to the nasopharynx by lowering the soft palate. The resultant sound would be more CCM-like in nature-a stronger chiaro than oscuro, twangy, and possessing a wide range of harmonics. On the other hand, CCMers would cross train by producing more classical-like resonance. Resonation conveniently leads to articulation as singers shape sound into language. CCM singers generally try for speech-based sounds to make their presentations informal and colloquial. Their mouth position is usually more horizontal with less perceived space in the oral cavity. Cross training would put the mouth opening in a more vertical (tall) position and would emphasize sung consonants and vowels that more closely approximate the formal language of classical singing. For the classical vocalist, the cross training shift could be described as going from a very civilized, "How do you do?" to a much more folksy, "How are ya?" with teeth actually appearing from behind lips. A variety of phonation, resonation, and articulation exercises can help any singer develop a healthy total voice workout. It could also be argued that, under supervision, phonation taken from breathy to pressed in both registers, and resonation attempted from highly chiaro to highly oscuro (bright to dark) allows singers to identify and define the extremes of their voices, thus making them better able to find their own natural balance and avoid injury. Why, then, is much of the greater voice teaching community still resistant to a pedagogic model that practically guarantees an increase in strength, flexibility, coordination, and endurance, as well as an expansion of artistic and aesthetic boundaries? One explanation might be a lack of understanding on the part of teachers of singing as to how the singing system actually functions, and perhaps a fear of overtaxing or damaging the instrument. Also, many historic voice training traditions encourage separate techniques for males and females that may be based more on gender and cultural bias than on good voice pedagogy. …


An artificial satellite being designed for various applications needs large number of DC-DC converters with different specifications to meet various S/C subsystem demands. In a continuous spacecraft production line consisting of multiple Satellite missions per annum with minimum turnaround time, hundreds of power converters are needed to be realised.NASAhas identified Power distribution via DC-DC converters as one of the most critical and challenging components in the spacecraft in terms of design, manufacturing,and testing as they must meet widely varying user load profiles under different mission scenarios [1].Each highpowersatellite requires 40-50 DC-DC converters with different specification. This account to an annual requirement of around 600 power converter per annum under a 15-satellite regime and the demands are growing. A common problem for design, manufacturing and testing is to balance the need for complexity and variety of products with optimization of resources needed for their realization. To simplify the existing method of realisation, a major study has been carried out toanalyze different user load profiles whichhave traditionally been realized in a customized manner.To simplify and fast track the mission requirement, power conversion and distribution via modular adaptive DC-DC converters using a product platform-based approach has been envisaged.


The Chandra spacecraft has been launched successfully on July 23, 1999. The payload consists of a high resolution X- ray telescope, two imaging detector systems in the focal plane and two transmission gratings. Each one of the two gratings can be put in the beam behind the telescope and the grating spectrometers are optimized for high and low energy, respectively. The Low Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer consists of three parts: the high-resolution telescope, the transmission grating array and the detector, to read-out the spectral image.


Objective: Identify the characteristics and knowledge related to adolescents tabagism and the electronic media most used by this group. Subjects and Methods: Exploratory study with interviews were done with 60 adolescents, smokers, ex-smokers or none smokers through specific interview approach with issues related to tabagism. In addition to questionnaire, the intensity of dependence was assessed through Fagerstrom test, motivation stages through Prochaska and DeClemente model and the suggested anxiety and depression symptoms by the hospital anxiety and depression scale of Zigmond & Snaith. Results: The adolescent average age was 15,8 ± 1,1 years, 65% were female, 41,7% active smokers (60% girls) and 28,3% ex-smokers. The adolescents used to be in high school with 46,7% during their first year. Most of the adolescent smokers and exsmokers (73,8%) started tabagism with ages between 14 and 16 years and 26,2 % between 10 and 13 years. Hookah smoking is popular between the adolescents to the extent that 81% of the smokers and ex-smokers had some experience with this form of tobacco consumption from tasting to current use. Between adolescents that believe that people start to smoke to show off with relation to cigarette 75% were smokers and between that believe that people start to smoke to parental influence 83,3% were smoker. The cardiac negative effect were identified by just 5% the kids and, in addiction, considerable proportion (20%) connect tabagism with some "benefits". The internet through computers (58,3%) is an electronic media more used to have fun by the kids. Conclusion: The knowledge of adolescents on tabagism, non conventional way of tobacco and nicotine chemical dependence are not standardized or complete and, sometimes controversial. With respect to the result of this trial, is necessary to develop content coverage that by pass the errors of the knowledge on adolescents about tabagism, using internet tool as preference.


Health inspectors are planning a series of inspections similar to the recent spot checks on dignity and nutrition that took place on 100 wards in England.


Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) form a continuum of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by deficits in communication and reciprocal social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. Sensory disturbances are also frequently reported in clinical and autobiographical accounts. However, few empirical studies have characterized the fundamental features of sensory and multisensory processing in ASD. Recently published studies have shown that children with ASD are able to integrate low-level multisensory stimuli, but do so over an enlarged temporal window when compared with typically developing (TD) children. The current study sought to expand upon these previous findings by examining differences in the temporal processing of low-level multisensory stimuli in high-functioning (HFA) and low-functioning (LFA) children with ASD in the context of a simple reaction time task. Contrary to these previous findings, children with both HFA and LFA showed smaller gains in performance under multisensory (ie, combined visual-auditory) conditions when compared with their TD peers. Additionally, the pattern of performance gains as a function of SOA was similar across groups, suggesting similarities in the temporal processing of these cues that run counter to previous studies that have shown an enlarged "temporal window." These findings add complexity to our understanding of the multisensory processing of low-level stimuli in ASD and may hold promise for the development of more sensitive diagnostic measures and improved remediation strategies in autism.


Introduction: Although Estrogen Receptor (ER) positivity is a good prognostic factor in breast carcinoma (BC), a subset of patients experiences poor disease-free survival (DFS). Mutation in phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is identified as a poor prognostic feature in BC. This study was designed to find out the impact of lost or poor PTEN expression on ER positive BC, in terms of the recognized prognostic factors and survival outcome to find out its association with tamoxifen resistance. Methods: This was a cross sectional study with a follow up component. BC tissue blocks submitted to our unit from 2006 to 2012 were selected. From the laboratory data, patients who had ER positive BC, undergone mastectomy, treated with tamoxifen were selected. All clinicopathological parameters, DFS and overall survival (OS) were analysed against lost or poor PTEN expression. Clinicopathological features were compared using Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meier model with log-rank test was used for the survival analysis. Results: A total of 130 BC patients satisfied the inclusion criteria. PTEN expression was lost or poor in 82.3% (n=107) patients. PTEN expression had a positive association with the level of ER expression (p=0.011) and a negative association with Nottingham prognostic index (NPI) (p=0.045) and pathological stage (p Conclusions: This study showed that there is a statistically significant association between lost or poor PTEN expression and low ER expression, high NPI and stage 3 in ER positive BC. Further studies including larger study sample with a longer follow up are recommended to find out the association of PTEN with the survival in ER positive BC treated with tamoxifen.


Metal reinforced Metal Matrix Composites (MMMCs) made by combining an aluminium alloy matrix with stainless steel reinforcing wires are potentially cheaper and tougher than continuous fibre ceramic reinforced Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). Although they do not give as great enhancements in stiffness and strength, worthwhile gains are achieved. Such MMMCs can be produced by Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIPping), which reduces interfacial reactions in comparison with liquid metal routes. Here, stainless steel (316L) and commercial purity aluminium wires were used to make bundles which were inserted into mild steel cans for HIPping at 525 ‐ C/120 min/100 MPa. Some stainless steel wires were pre-coated with A17Si, to examine the effect of coatings on mechanical properties. Specimens were evaluated in terms of their tensile and fatigue properties. During HIPping, cans collapsed anisotropically to give different cross-section shapes, and for larger diameter cans, there was also some longitudinal twisting. Wires tended to be better aligned after HIPping in the smaller diameter cans, which produced material having higher modulus and UTS. Higher volume fractions of reinforcement tend to give better fatigue properties. Composites with coated stainless steel wires gave higher composite elongation to failure than uncoated wires. Both uncoated and coated wires failed by fatigue during fatigue testing of the composite. This contrasts with ceramic reinforced MMCs where the fibres fracture at weak points and then pull out of the matrix. C


Cryptography is the study of how to perform encryption and decryption , using certain
mathematical models . Cryptography or encryption techniques inspired by encoding technique
that converts a readable message ( plaintext ) into a random message and difficult to decipher .
To be able to read encrypted messages required inverse of the encryption process is called
decryption . But many kinds of cryptography because each has a different cryptographic
algorithms in the level of complexity and calculation process . One way to apply a cryptographic
algorithm for encryption . By encrypting the data can not be read because the original text or
plaintext has been changed to unreadable text or called ciphertext . There are many
cryptographic algorithms that can be used , based on the nature of the key is divided into two
symmetrical that only uses one secret key and asymmetric key pair that uses public and secret
key .
In this study of cryptographic algorithms that will be used is the RSA asymmetric
cryptographic algorithm invented by Ron Rivest , Adi Shamir , and Leonard Adleman in 1978
and RSA stands for the initials of the name of the three of them . RSA is used as an asymmetric
cryptographic algorithm most often used at this time due to reliability . Until now the RSA
algorithm has a high enough level of security , because until now has not been found algorithm /
machine that is capable to solve the data encryption algorithm the results quickly . Because the
key length in bits determine the level of difficulty and complexity of the decomposition encoding
. With the bit length , the more difficult to solve due to the difficulty of factoring two random
prime numbers that have been to generate a key .
From the analysis of these subjects , then the solution is given in the form of applications
created with Visual Basic.NET programming language . For the planning and development of
the system is done with the aim to obtain information more quickly and accurately as well as
improve the quality of work and be an agency strategic value to the satisfaction of the
participants .


Indoline-2-thione (1) and oxindole, when treated separately with ceric ammonium nitrate adsorbed on silica gel (CAN-SiO 2 ) in acetonitrile, furnished isatin (2) as the sole product, whereas Montmorillonite K10 clay alone converted oxindole to isatin in a dry reaction.


Between 1973 and 1983 three volumes of collected essays by Van Unnik appeared under the title Sparsa Collecta. All the essays in these volumes had been published between 1930 and 1970. The editors of the present volume decided to publish a fourth volume with a selection of his later papers, some of which appear here for the first time in English (they were originally published in Dutch).


The interactions between some components in composite system contained nanosilica(CSN)and nanosilica were researched by means of infrared spectrum(IR).In order to explain the mechanism of the interactions,a core -transition sh ell structure(C -TS)model was brought forward.Comparin g to neat system with no nanosilica,results of rheological measurements showed that the biggest dynamic apparent viscosity,the biggest shear stress and thixotropy index of CSN were improved about 40times,about 40times and 67.36%,respectively.The curve of shear rate and viscosity of CSN resembled that of polymer solution at low shear rate,but a little waviness was observed at high shear rate.Characteristics of rheology of CSN were explained properly in virtue of C -TS model.


The Doubly Salient Electro-magnetic Motor (DSEM) is subject to significant torque ripple when working with traditional standard angle control method. To weaken the effects of the torque ripple for further applications of DSEM such as wind power generation and aerospace, in-depth analysis of the ripple generation mechanism and two novel strategies of inner torque loop and torque distribution control are presented in this paper. In conclusion, simulation and comparative analysis of the two strategies are conducted with a 2kW 12/8 DSEM prototype. The simulation results demonstrate that, compared with traditional control methods, the two novel torque control strategies can effectively suppress DSEM torque ripple. elimination method to calculate the ideal current with which no torque ripple are incurred, and suppress the torque ripple of doubly-fed DSEM with the ideal current. This method is oriented toward skewed slot machines and the calculation of ideal current is relatively complicated. (18) put forward the method of torque closed loop control strategy of a novel DSPM speed control system. Compared with traditional inner current loop control strategy, smaller torque ripple and more stable speed are realized with the novel speed control system. However, (18) did not take into consideration of the influences on DSPM torque output caused by the current distortion of inner torque loop control strategy. (19) increased DSPM output torque in the commutation interval by forwarding the on-time and delaying the off-time of the power tubes. The method reduces DSPM torque ripple but gives rise to phase current distortion and is only applicable in low-speed occasions. (20) proposed the combined method of commutation control in the software as well as detailed classification of forward angles to reduce the torque ripple. But this method is comparably complex and requires large amount of calculation of the forward angles.


OBJECTIVE: To study the reversal of resistance to adriamycine (ADM) by disodium cantharidinate and vitamin B6 injection (SCA) and mechanism on K562/AO2 in vitro. METHODS: The cytotoxicity of SCA on K562/AO2 cells was measured by MTT assay. The amount of ADM and the protein expressions of P-gp, Bcl-2 of K562/AO2 were observed by FCM. RESULTS: Before and after the application of SCA, the values of IC50 were (40.85±0.40) μg/mL and (27.09±0.63) μg/mL, respectively, and the reversal fold was 1.51.The expressions of P-gp and Bcl-2 were decreased after the application of SCA and intracellular accumulation of ADM in K562/AO2 cells was promoted by SCA. CONCLUSION: SCA can partly reverse the MDR of K562/AO2 cell lines to ADM , through promoting intracellular accumulation of ADM and down-regulation of expression of P-gp and Bcl-2.


Researchers and practitioners have been successfully documenting software patterns for over two decades. But the next step--building pattern languages--has proven much more difficult. This paper describes an approach for building a large pattern language for security: an approach that can be used to create pattern languages for other software domains. We describe the mechanism of growing this pattern language: how we cataloged the security patterns from books, papers and pattern collections written by all security experts over the last 15 years, how we classified the patterns to help developers find the appropriate ones, and how we identified and described the relationships between patterns in the language. To our best knowledge, this is the largest pattern language in software. But the most significant contribution of this paper is the story behind how the pattern language is grown; it illustrates the steps that can be adapted to create and grow pattern languages for other domains.


fundamentals of neuroanesthesia a physiologic approach to fundamentals of neuroanesthesia a physiologic approach to the eight step approach to teaching clinical nursing tools shipley proposal guide 4th ed ebook | drcalorie document about the traveler is available on print and clinical applications of cognitive therapy mjro japan 4th ed educational comics book 1 ebook | imchasingplaces business research methods 8th edition with qualtrics card hesi study guide nursing fundamentals avkp neuroanesthesia handbook of clinical and physiologic promesas incumplidas novela y relatos upsky final cut pro 103 how it worksa different type of manual nursing home administration nab study guide kpjs 9th science guide osfp 2004 nissan sentra owners manual best pdf ebook manual 04 compared to who a proven path to improve your body image in focus a guide to using films sdunn document about gleanings of virginia history an historical and sports injuries in the military an issue of clinics in discover fireworks alongz enfermedades comunes del pncreas clnicas iberoamericanas


The effects of hole preparation method, grout type, hole diameter, bar size, embedment length, cover, reinforcing bar deformation pattern, bar surface condition (epoxy coated or uncoated), orientation of the installed bar, and concrete strength on the bond strength of grouted reinforcing bars are described. Hole preparation methods, using a high-speed vacuum drill or a hand-held pneumatic hammer drill, and cleaning methods, using a fiber bottle brush with water, a fiber bottle brush without water, or compressed air only, are compared. Two capsule systems, two two-component grout systems, and two nonshrink grout systems are evaluated. Hole diameters range from 0.75 to 1.5 in. for No. 5 bars; 1.25 in. diameter holes are used for No. 8 bars. Embedment lengths range from 4 to 12 in. for No. 5 bars and from 6 to 15 in. for No. 8 bars. 1.5 and 3.0 in. covers are used. Two bar deformation patterns are evaluated. Bar installations include vertical, sloped, and horizontal. Concrete strengths range from 2700 to 5900 psi. Test results are used to develop rational design and construction requirements. A standard test to establish the Strength Class of a grout for anchoring reinforcing bars is proposed. In addition, a test method currently in use by one state department of transportation as a technique for proof-testing grouted reinforcement in the field is evaluated. The bond strength of grouted reinforcing bars is not highly sensitive to differences in the hole preparation or cleaning methods studied. Grouts that provide strong bond at the grout-concrete interface provide higher bond strengths than grout that undergo failure at the grout-concrete interface. With the exception of bars anchored by capsule system, the bond strength provided by grouts is not sensitive to hole diameter. Bond strength increases with increasing embedment length, cover, and bar size. The bond strength of grouted reinforcement is only slightly sensitive to reinforcing bar deformation pattern, and insensitive to the presence of epoxy coating. Vertically and horizontally anchored bars may exhibit different bond strengths, depending on the grout used. For the grouts tested, bond strength increases approximately with the square root of the concrete compressive strength. The proposed standard test method for establishing the Strength Class of a grout is incorporated in a conservative, easy to use design procedure. The test method evaluated for proof-testing reinforcement in not recommended because the failure modes are often different and the strengths are higher than those obtained under more realistic loading conditions. A modification to the test method is suggested.


Results: 86(57.33%) were males and 64(42.67%) were females, with mean age being 65.33±6.82 years. The average central macular thickness (CMT) measured preoperatively was 243.35± 19.508. Out of 150 patients, 5 (3.33%) patients were detected to have post operative CME. In patients who developed CME, the mean CMT was 406.20μ, 476.60μ, and 386.20μ at 1 week, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks respectively. In those patients who did not develop CME, the changes in CMT noted was 248.42μ, 250.05μ, 247.32 at 1, 4 and 12 weeks respectively. Maximum decline in visual acuity and maximum peak increase in CMT was noticed at 04 weeks postoperative period. In those patients who developed post operative macular edema, and improvement was noted by the end of 12 weeks. Whereas those who did not develop CME, there was a steady improvement in the vision throughout the period of observation and mild increase in macular thickness (±35μ) was noticed in the OCT reading at the end of 04 weeks which got normalized by the end of 12 weeks.


In the J-PARC RCS, we employ the longitudinal painting methods combining the momentum offset injection and the second harmonic RF voltages, to increase the bunching factor so that the space-charge tune shift is reduced. By the dual-harmonic operation with wide-band MA loaded cavities, in which each single cavity is driven by a superposition of the fundamental and the second harmonic RF signals, we can generate a large amplitude second harmonic RF voltage without extra cavities for the second harmonic RF. We present the results of the beam tests for the longitudinal painting in the J-PARC RCS. Also, we present the beam behavior at very high beam power.


OBJECTION
This study aims to determine the protective effect and molecular responses of the traditional Chinese medicine Qingchang mixture on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury.

METHODS
The rat intestinal IR model was prepared. The intestinal ischemic injury was evaluated by HE staining, biochemical assay and western blot. In addition, human intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6) hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) in vitro model was prepared. The viability and apoptosis of IEC-6 cells were measured by CCK8 and apoptosis detection. TAK242 or PDTC were used as small molecule inhibitor of TLR4 or NF-κB.

RESULTS
Compared with the IR group, the pretreatment of Qingchang mixture reduced the morphological damage, oxidative stress, inflammatory response and barrier function damage of the small intestine tissue. IR significantly increased the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB, while the pretreatment of Qingchang mixture inhibited the expression of TLR4 and NF-κB. Furthermore, the pretreatment of Qingchang mixture, TAK242 or PDTC effectively improved the viability, and hindered apoptosis of the HR-induced IEC-6 cells.

CONCLUSIONS
Traditional Chinese medicine Qingchang mixture prevents intestinal IR injury through TLR4/NF-kB pathway.


The article discusses the publication, 'Cost-Effective Improvements for Safety Upgrading of Horizontal Curves,' and points out that the degree and length of curve superelevation transition, and pavement surface friction all play critical roles in curve safety and operation. It is noted that the proper formulation of superelevation and side friction counterbalances the centrifugal forces acting on the driver and vehicle within specified speeds of travel. Other superelevation aspects are discussed, and recommended design guidelines for new highway curves are tabulated. Economic and accident reduction information and guidance to planners and designers required to improve the safety and operation of existing curves provided by the study are noted. The need is noted for research to establish design criteria for geometric and traffic control designs that are sensitive to the human needs in adequately perceiving and safely tracking curves.


The theory of multiple intelligences have the point of appeal among the other disciplines, because theory of multiple intelligences integrated traditional concept and reasoning to achieve goals in  future. The variety of mutiple Intelligences likely: linguistic intelligence, logical-mathematic intelligence, visual intelligence, kinestetic body intelligence, musical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence, intrapersonal intelligence and natural intelligence. The type of this research is qualitative descriptive, whether in the analysis using data collection, presentation of data and conclusion. Gontor always tries to develop its linguistic intelligences for fifth grade trough discussion, practice the speech and afternoon lesson. These activities develop capability to make sentences, capability to read and write by grammar, capability to write and read by systematically and logically, capability to speak in general public, and capibility to give opinions. Other Interpersonal Intelligences development for fifth grade are Student Organization and discussion. These activities develop capability to resolve problems, capability to socialization, and leadership. Finally the Intrapersonal Intelligences development includes art exhibition, branch management, discussion and basic leader course. These activities develop capability to regulate emotions, capability to understand persons, capability to socialization, capability to resolve problems, capability to place ourself, capability to manage time, capability to independence and leadership.


The method of steepest descents is applied to evaluate the impulse response of a number of identical buffered circuits in cascade. It is shown that exact results may be obtained by analogue computing. Approximate analytical expressions are obtained for various values of time, including the period of build-up. These are tested against two networks for which exact evaluation is possible. A cruder approximation valid near the build-up time is applied to predict suitable parameters for video-frequency compensating networks. These again are checked with known results.


The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of the addition of granular activated carbon (GAC) and granular sludge on the performance of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for treating leachate. For the control reactor, sludge obtained from an anaerobic digester was used as a seed material. On the other hand, GAC and granular sludge were incorporated with the seed sludge in the GAC reactor and the Granule reactor, respectively. The shortest acclimation period was observed in the Granule reactor. The GAC reactor also gave comparable performance to the Granule reactor at the beginning of operation. However, as the adsorptive capacity of GAC was exhausted, the effluent COD concentration increased gradually. Once the systems were stabilized, the GAC reactor showed slightly better results than the other two reactors in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. COD removal in all reactors was more than 90% at hydraulic retention time of 1.0 day. Furthermore, GAC reactor showed little variation in COD removal rate and remained at 95% with organic loading rate (OLR) of 4.0 to 8.2 ㎏ COD/㎥.d. Initial operating period was reduced by the addition of granular sludge, while the treatment efficiency was enhanced by the addition of GAC.


We demonstrate that plasma beam processing of the alignment substrates, earlier recognized as an effective tool of liquid crystal alignment, provides excellent alignment of reactive mesogenes (RMs). for this processing we utilized anode layers source generating two sheet‐like beams of accelerated plasma allowing to treat large‐area substrates by sample movement across the plasma "sheets". The oblique treatment by plasma beam results in planar or oblique alignment of planar RMs (p‐RMs) and homeotropic alignment of homeotropic RMs (h‐RMs). The homeotropic alignment of h‐RMs can also be achieved by normal processing with plasma beam or processing by diffuse (non‐directed) plasma. Good alignment effect is observed for a big variety of organic and inorganic materials. The widely used in LCD technology glass, silicon and plastic substrates processed by plasma beam also demonstrate excellent RM alignment that excludes necessity to use additional alignment layers. Besides, in the case of flexible plastic substrates, roll‐to‐roll alignment treatment can be realized. Thus the developed method is an advance in technology of optical films based on RMs.


By adopting single chip computer ATmega16 as the control unit,assisted with the appropriate soft and hard-ware resources,a frequency counter is designed based on input capture of AVR.The results prove that this system can steadily measure its frequency,and the measurement error meets the requirements of design.


Currently,the increasing congestion of arterial road has become a social concern,which brings great pressure to city traffic management.Therefore,the design of traffic signal timing plays a more important role.However,the design method of signal control and timing is not unified,and there are some difficult problems in traffic timing.Therefore,the traffic efficiency of intersections is not high.Based on the analysis on a certain actual intersection,a corresponding optimized plan is brought out,aiming to provide some reference for traffic management.


Previous study has suggested that cracks in reservoirs is good channels and space for oil preser- vation,various cracks can formed during the sedimentation and uplift stage of the oil basin.In this paper, the character of crack related with increased vertical load,decreased vertical load,abnormal pressure,fold, and fault in the process of basin uplift are discussed.As mentioned above,we proposed that the two problem are still need be reinfoeced study:form and assembled character of the cracks in sedimentation basin;spatial distribution pattern of the cracks in sedimentation basin.


This chapter is primarily about debt relief and forgiveness. The thesis is that looking at this concept from the earliest of times will give us a fresh perspective on how important humanitarian concerns were to ancient legal thought.


Category: Sports Introduction/Purpose: Achilles tendon tendinopathy is a common problem in our daily practice. The initial therapy consists of conservative treatment and usually leads to a reduction of pain. In some cases though, there is need for surgical treatment. The most common procedure is debridement of the tendon. If there is advanced damage of the tendon, a flexor hallucis longus (FHL) transfer may be indicated. In the current literature, there is a lack of hard criteria about the indications for such a transfer. Methods: We searched our radiologic database from the years 2016 and 2017 for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the Achilles tendon. 60 patients were included in a tendinopathy group and 60 patients in a control group with no signs of tendinopathy. Inclusion criteria were severe tendinopathy for the tendinopathy group and a normal Achilles tendon for the control group. Exclusion criteria were other relevant morphologic changes or history of relevant surgery of the lower limb. Axial MRI scans were analyzed on a level of 4-5 centimeters above the ankle joint. The area of triceps surae (TS) and FHL were measured as well as the diameter of TS and an oblique diameter of FHL (from the medial corner of the fibula to the posteromedial corner of the FHL muscle). Then, quotients of the area of the FHL/TS and diameter of the FHL/TS were built and interobserver agreement was analyzed. Results: The quotients for area and for diameter of the FHL/TS showed significantly (p<0.001) higher values in the tendinopathy group. We also found strong to very strong interobserver agreements (rho=0.744). The median value for the quotient of diameter FHL/TS was 2.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.8) in the tendinopathy group versus (vs) 1.7 (IQR 0.3) in the control group. The median value for the quotient of area FHL/TS was 1.8 (IQR 1.3) in the tendinopathy group vs 1.3 (IQR 0.7) in the control group. Conclusion: The quotient of the diameter FHL/TS is easy to obtain in our clinical practice. It indicates a relevant FHL hypertrophy, which occurs in advanced Achilles tendon tendinopathy. A value of 2.0 and higher is indicative of symptomatic tendinopathy and may ultimately support the indication for a FHL transfer, which should be the topic of future research.


LWAYS A bridesmaid, never a bride," (( A might tell the story of the relationship of hypnosis to surgery and anesthesiology in six words. Although there has been continued cyclical growth of the use of hypnosis in therapeutic, psychophysiologic, and psychiatric medicine, and recent rapid advance in obstetrics and dentistry, no such growth has been achieved in hypnosis for surgery and anesthesiology.


In order to realize real-time correction for sensor's dynamic error, a novel test system is designed. In this design, TMS320F2812 DSP is adopted for data acquisition and storage, the dynamic compensation algorithm is used for data processing. In this paper, the dynamic compensation algorithm is based on Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO), with this algorithm a dynamic compensator can be realized without knowing the dynamic characteristics of the sensor, the parameters of the compensator is optimized using PSO algorithm according to the step response of the sensor and the reference model. The test system is adopted for sampling data from simulator of sensor, the results show that the system does not only sample and store data accurately, but also corrects the dynamic error caused by simulator of sensor.


The Truck Factor is a simple way, proposed by the agile community, to measure the system's knowledge distribution in a team of developers. It can be used to highlight potential project problems due to the inadequate distribution of the system knowledge. Notwithstanding its relevance, only few studies investigated the Truck Factor and proposed ways to efficiently measure, evaluate and use it. In particular, the effective use of the Truck Factor is limited by the lack of reliable thresholds.
 In this preliminary paper, we present a theoretical model concerning the Truck Factor and, in particular, we investigate its use to define the maximum achievable Truck Factor value in a project. The relevance of such a value concerns the definition of a reliable threshold for the Truck Factor. Furthermore in the paper, we document an experiment in which we apply the proposed model to real software projects with the aim of comparing the maximum achievable value of the Truck Factor with the unique threshold proposed in literature. The preliminary outcome we achieved shows that the existing threshold has some limitations and problems.


Providers in the United States, 2007–2017 Background: Expanded access to medication treatment of opioid use disorder is a critical component of the national response to the opioid crisis. Large-scale efforts to increase the number of buprenorphine-waivered prescribers over the past decade have included increasing patient limits to 275 per physician (1) and allowing nurse practitioners and physician assistants to receive buprenorphine waivers (2). As a result, the number of buprenorphine-waivered clinicians has increased from approximately 17 000 in 2009 to approximately 68 000 in 2019 (3). However, how this growth has varied by community characteristics is unclear. Objective: To examine county-level growth between 2007 and 2017 in number of buprenorphine-waivered prescribers and variation by county characteristics, including rurality, income, and rate of opioid-related overdose deaths in the past year. Methods and Findings: Information on all waivered prescribers, including location and patient limit, was obtained from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration and the Drug Enforcement Administration; these data were augmented with information from the Pew Foundation and Deerfield Management. Using county population estimates from the 2010 U.S. Census and total physicians per LETTERS


A mechanical oyster harvester has been developed for intertidal oysters (Crassostrea virginica). The harvester is hydraulically powered and mounted on a 16 m steel hull vessel designed for its operation. The objective of this research was to produce a machine that would efficiently harvest oysters while doing minimum damage to the oysters and the fragile shell matrix that supports them. Results of three years' testing show harvest rates of 18 m3/h. Damage to the shell matrix was almost undetectable while damage to the harvested oysters was about 5%. The harvester can operate at depths of 1 to 3 m with the position of the head controlled automatically. Bottom contact force is adjustable and regulated automatically during harvest to minimize bottom damage. The harvesting head can pitch or roll up to 0.35 rad to follow bottom contours. The harvester is being used by the state of South Carolina for oyster bed management and transplanting of oysters from polluted areas to public shellfish grounds.


Herein, the influence of the oxygen flow on the formation of metastable polymorphs of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) grown by halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on c‐plane patterned sapphire substrates (PSS), on gallium nitride (GaN) templates, and on m‐plane smooth sapphire substrates is reported. X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and cathodoluminescence are used to identify different polymorphic phases. The samples deposited on bare PSS exhibit faceted growth of the α‐Ga2O3 on the cones of the sapphire substrate and the formation of the κ‐Ga2O3 between the cones. In contrast, growth on GaN templates results in hexagonal columns of κ‐Ga2O3 which produce a continuous smooth layer upon coalescence. The growth of Ga2O3 on m‐plane sapphire substrates results in overgrown pyramids of the α‐phase. For all types of substrates, the variation of the oxygen flow affects only the thickness and coalescence of Ga2O3 layers. Thus, the growth of Ga2O3 metastable polymorphs is mainly influenced by the form, orientation, and symmetry of the substrate and shows a weak dependence on stoichiometry.


Agricultural management affects soil fertility through the frequency and type of agronomic practices such as mechanical operations, type and rate of fertilizers, crop rotations, and residue management. This study evaluated the evolution of soil chemical properties (pH; electrical conductivity; soil organic carbon, SOC; total Kjeldahl nitrogen, TKN; and available phosphorous, PO4-P) over time in two farming systems, organically and conventionally managed, after 5 and 14 years after the establishment of both systems, in northeastern Italy. SOC content remained stable in the conventional farming system, but slightly decreased in the organic farming system, despite inputs from organic amendments. In contrast, soil TKN remained consistently higher in the organic farming system. The PO4-P increased over time, in both farming systems. Moreover, we observed that an increase of 1% in soil clay content resulted in increases of 0.0534 and 0.0053 g kg–1 in SOC and TKN, respectively. In conclusion, our results indicate that organic management does not have an advantage over conventional management in terms of soil organic matter accumulation.
Highlights - Organic management did not increase soil organic carbon content 14 years after the system was established. - The soil organic carbon was stable over time in the conventional system. - Soil organic nitrogen was higher in the organic farm than in the conventional farm. - Soil C/N ratios in organic and conventional management were <10, indicating active mineralization.


Mineral rights are unique in the United States because they can be owned by individuals whereas governmental entities control mineral rights in all other countries. This gives oil and gas companies greater access to exploration and production opportunities in the U.S. than anywhere else in the world, and explains why the U.S. typically has 40% or more of the world's rigs working here at any given time even though we have less than 5% of the world's oil and gas reserves. The boom in U.S. shale gas drilling is tipping the scale even further and creates a host of new legal and environmental complexities. The most common form of agreement, called a lease, accommodates the facts that landowners often want to share in the profits of production but do not have the skills or resources to drill for oil and gas, and that oil and gas companies want access to minerals without having to buy the land. A lease has attributes suitable to both parties. The complexity of mineral rights, the competition for resources, and the high stakes involved make for some interesting situations — not the least of which is the fact that drilling and production often occurs on land where the surface owner has nothing to gain and much to lose. Paul Parsons will give us an interesting tour of mineral rights that you won't want to miss!


A rapid determination method of boron in titanium alloy by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry(ICP-AES) was proposed.The instrumental parameters were optimized to obtain the optimal analytical conditions.The samples were dissolved in sulfuric acid and nitric acid.The solution was directly determined by ICP-AES using B 208.957 nm as the analytical line for boron.The spectral interference caused by matrix and coexisting elements were eliminated by matrix matching and two-point correction of background emission site.The detection limit of boron was 0.000 72 μg/mL.One titanium alloy sample was determined for 10 times.The relative standard deviation(RSD) was less than 1 %,and the recoveries of standard addition were 97 %-130 %.The determination results of this method were consistent with those obtained by spectrophotometry.


A short, new synthesis of [n](2,4)pyridinophanes 13a–c (n = 9–7) and 14a–c (n = 9–7), as well as 15a (n = 9) and 16a (n = 9) consists of the reaction of 3-aminocyclohex-2-enone and several β-amino enones with cycloalk-2-enones in an enamine-alkylation process, subsequent condensation of the amino group with a carbonyl function, and dehydrogenation of the product in the presence of a dehydrogenating agent (10% Pd/C). Cyclohexenone-annulated [n](2,4)pyridinophanes 13a–c, which have a quinoline skeleton, were converted conveniently to a series of [n](2,4)quinolinophanes 26a–c (n = 9–7), including the known [8](2,4)quinolinophane 26b. 1H NMR spectroscopy at various temperatures clarified the dynamic behavior of the heptamethylene chain of [7](2,4)pyridinophanes 13c, 14c, and [7](2,4)quinolinophane 26c. The energy barriers (ΔG
 ‡c) for bridge flipping are 11.3 kcal mol–1 (Tc –10 °C) for 13c, 11.7 kcal mol–1 (Tc 0 °C) for 14c, and 12.2 kcal mol–1 (Tc –5 °C) for 26c. The heptamethylene chain of 26c does not flex easily as compared with that of 13c and 14c. The deformation of the pyridine ring of 13a–c and 26a–c is also suggested by the red shifts of the UV spectra and by the 1H NMR spectra. The base strength of 26a–c seems to be almost independent of the size of the methylene bridge, although pKa-values of the protonated form of 26a–c become slightly larger when the methylene bridge becomes shorter.


Ganciclovir eye implants have conclusively been shown to be more effective than intravenous (IV) ganciclovir in preventing progression to CMV retinitis. In a randomized trial, median time to progression was 221 days with the implant vs. 75 days with IV ganciclovir. Implants have become the standard of care although they have several disadvantages: they protect only one eye, they need regular replacement, they may lead to retinal detachment in some cases, and they cost up to $30,000 per year. Some doctors have put patients on oral ganciclovir after implant surgery to protect the other eye, however, it is not an ideal solution because it requires as many as 18 pills daily, causes neutropenia, is difficult to take with AZT, and costs up to $20,000 per year. CMV disease develops in 25 to 45 percent of AIDS patients. There are some early indications that the use of protease inhibitors may help heal retinal lesions in some patients. The U.S. Public Health Service has not changed the therapy guidelines for CMV prophylaxis.


OBJECTIVE
To relatively quantify the gene expression of fatty acid synthase in squamous cell carcinoma, adjacent tissue, and some normal oral tissues by real-time quantitative PCR.

METHODS
The tissues were collected fresh from surgical specimens. The collected tissues were minced. Then the total RNA was extracted. The RNA was reversely transcripted into cDNA with random prime. And then the cDNA was amplified by real-time quantitative PCR to quantify the gene expression of FAS according to an internal control GAPDH. The difference of FAS gene expression was compared between squamous cell carcinoma, adjacent tissue, and some normal oral tissues.

RESULTS
The expression of FAS of squamous cell carcinoma was notably higher than the other two (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Real-time quantitative PCR provides a method for monitoring the expression of fatty acid synthetic activity in squamous cell carcinoma, adjacent and normal tissues.


The process of training of Artificial Neural Networks essentially is optimization of the values of the weights $ w_{pq} $ associated with the arcs, connecting the nodes of the layers. This is a process of minimization of the Loss function (maximization of Accuracy function). During the training, the training data set recursively is utilized at subsequent stages, called \textit{Epochs}. The training continues until a satisfactory values of the Loss, Accuracy etc. parameters are reached. The matrices $ W^{UV} $ comprising the weights of the arcs connecting the layers $ U $ and $ V $, can be regarded as gray-scale images of a surface. Starting as random matrices, processed by recursive procedures, they gradually become fractal structures, characterized with respective fractal dimension $ D_f $. In the presented article we have made an attempt to utilize the correspondence of $ D_f $ with the Loss/Accuracy values, in order to forecast the optimal ending point of the NN training process. Similar conclusions were made for the correspondence between the number of layer's nodes and $ D_f $. An attempt to apply statistically more rigorous approach in the determination of the slope of the regression line in Richardson-Mandelbrot plot, was made.


surfaces, the tin-terminated (111) surface, and the stoichiometric (001) surface of rutile-SnO2 are investigated. Total energies and relaxed atomic geometries are calculated within density functional theory using the local density approximation (LDA). We conclude from these results that the (110) and (100) surfaces are most stable. Their termination depends on the experimental situation: While under oxygen-rich preparation conditions the oxygen termination is preferred, reduced surfaces are more likely to occur in the oxygen-poor limit. In addition, electronic band structures and densities of states are calculated using a recently developed approximate quasiparticle approach, the LDA- 1 method. Except for the SnO-terminated (110) surface, all other faces are found to be insulating and O- or Sn-derived surface states appear in the projected bulk fundamental gap. While the surface barrier heights vary by more than 2 eV with orientation and termination, the ionization energies tend to the smallest values for the energetically favored surfaces.