The paper presents an original approach to the characterization of the surface profiles/surface topographies produced on hardened steel parts using CBN tools. The experimental investigations involve recording of surface profiles and surface topographies for three different machining operations, namely hard turning, ball burnishing and superfinish in order to obtain a comparable value of the Sa (Ra) parameter of 0.2 μm. Both fractal and frequency analysis were performed in order to obtain the fractal dimension (Sfd) and the signal amplitude and the wavelength which were estimated from the power spectral density (PSD) spectra. The correlations between the Sz (Sa) roughness parameter and the fractal dimension were documented as well as appropriate relations with the frequency characteristics. In particular, the multi-fractal approach to the complex machined surfaces was discussed.


The rising of modern world's fairs and expositions was largely due to the need to promote commodity economy and science and technology,but popular entertainment and world's fairs are just like twin souls and actually popular entertainment has become an indispensable part of world's fairs.Popular entertainment is the best means to connect world's fairs' promotion of science,technology and culture and people's fun-seeking,and because of this special function,it helped world's fairs attract millions of fair-goers to the fair grounds.Modern fairs held in China made very good use of western ways and means to organize fairs and expositions by adding much entertainment to the fairs,and successfully combining entertainment and education with fairs.Popular entertainment enriched the world's fairs and made the fairs more attractive to fair-goers;furthermore,world's fairs themselves have become one important part of modern urban culture,becoming an indispensable part in the research of modern urban culture.


Introduction Electrochemical deposition of metals from aqueous solution is an operative way to study a variety of pattern formation observed in growth phenomena [1]. The growing zinc dendrites were dynamically observed using a non-scanning X-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging technique [2], and the pattern formation process was examined. To perform quick imaging, the technique was combined with a multilayer monochromator [3] installed at BL-16A1. Experimental Electrolysis was performed using a compact cell with a copper ring anode (i.d. 16 mm) and a copper wire cathode (0.7 mm dia.) in the center of the ring. An electrolyte consisting of an aqueous solution of 360 mM zinc sulfate was put inside the ring and sandwiched by acrylic resin (bottom) and by a thin Mylar film (on the irradiation side) to form an about 200 μm thin layer. A DC voltage of 2.5 V was applied between the electrodes. Quick XRF imaging using quasi-monochromatic X-rays, the energy of which was above the Zn K-edge, commenced just after the applying voltage. Results and Discussion Electrodeposition started to grow from the cathode when the DC voltage was applied. Zinc dendrites with metallic luster branches grew two dimensionally in the cell. An XRF image of 12 mm × 12 mm (1000 × 1000 pixels) could be obtained in only 0.1 sec exposure, due to the strong photon flux of the multilayer monochromator, which irradiated the sample surface brightly enough despite the small-angle incidence. The 15 min movie of the growth process was composed of 600 frames in total. Although the potential capacity is 9,000 frames for 15 min, since 1 image was obtained in 0.1 sec, only limited frames were stored (1 image per 1.5 sec) in this study. Figure 1 shows four static images at 3.75 min intervals extracted from the 600 frames. Each image is of a 12 mm × 9 mm (1000 × 750 pixels) portion. In the images, it can be observed that some main stems formed and from these side branches emerged. The angle between stem and branches was about 60 degrees, which reflects the hexagonal symmetry of zinc crystal. In the images, the distribution of solute (Zn) in the electrolyte is also observable as the contrast of medium. The concentration of the solute is higher on the outside of the growing deposits, and lower on the inside. It can be seen that the growing tips of the main stems touch the concentrated electrolyte and penetrate rapidly into the region. However, the side branches that emerge from the stems get a late start and have to proceed obliquely. If one of these side branches reaches this concentrated region exceptionally, it can become a thick stem (e.g. A in Fig. 1). But if it cannot, it falls behind with no chance of touching the fertile region. Therefore, it can only become a fine and short branch (e.g. B). Thus, zinc dendrites assume the pattern of a combination of thick main stems and fine branches. Using the quick XRF imaging technique, the changes in two-dimensional elemental distribution could be observed and the growth pattern formation could be understood. The authors gratefully acknowledge the kind assistance of Drs. H. Sawa, Y.Wakabayashi, Y.Uchida during the experiments.


BACKGROUND: The endosperm cell walls (CWs) impact upon barley grain utilization as well as influence animal and human nutrition. The objective of this study was to examine the morphological and compositional differences in the endosperm CWs derived from barley grain grown in different (uncontrolled) environments in Canada, and differing in grain hardness, protein, and total β-glucan contents. RESULTS: The endosperm CWs were isolated from barley, cv. Metcalfe, grown in Davidson, SK (sample A), Hythe, AB (sample B), and Hamiota, MB (sample C). The inner wall surfaces of sample A exhibited deep indentations made by large and small starch granules, whereas the CWs of sample B were thicker, had smooth surface, and exhibited a greater degree of binding between the adjoining cells. The CWs of sample A contained the lowest amount of β-glucans but the highest amount of arabinoxylans and the mannose-containing (glucomannans) polysaccharides. The CWs of sample B contained the highest ratio of ferulic and dehydrodiferulate residues to Xyl residues among the samples, indicating the greatest potential and degree of cross-linking of arabinoxylans in these preparations which might be related to the strength and rigidity of the grain endosperm. The amino acid composition of the proteins detected in the isolated CW indicated the presence of 37–47 g kg−1 of structural proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial differences in the morphological appearance and chemical composition of the CW preparations were observed and some attempts were made to relate these differences to the variable composition and physical properties of barley grain as affected by the environmental factors. Copyright © 2008 Crown in the Right of Canada, Canadian Grain Commission. Published by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd


Through analyzing on the present situation of our country's foreign trade dependence degree in the last few years, this paper probes into the problems behind the rising of foreign trade dependence degree, and advances several suggestions on our country's foreign trade work in the future.


The changes-in-changes model extends the widely used di erence-in-di erences to situations where outcomes may evolve heterogeneously. Contrary to di erence-in-di erences, this model is invariant to the scaling of the outcome. This paper develops an instrumental variable changes-in-changes model, to allow for situations in which perfect control and treatment groups cannot be de ned, so that some units may be treated in the control group , while some units may remain untreated in the treatment group . This is the case for instance with repeated cross sections, if the treatment is not tied to a strict rule. Under a mild strengthening of the changes-in-changes model, treatment e ects in a population of compliers are point identi ed when the treatment rate does not change in the control group, and partially identi ed otherwise. Simple plug-in estimators of treatment e ects are proposed. We show that they are asymptotically normal, and that the bootstrap is valid. Finally, we use our results to reanalyze ndings in Field (2007) and Du o (2001).


We show that even when a covariance matrix is poorly estimated, it is still possible to obtain a robust maximum Sharpe ratio portfolio by exploiting the uneven distribution of estimation errors across principal components. This is accomplished by approximating an investor's view on future asset returns using a few relatively accurate sample principal components. We discuss two approximation methods. The first method leads to a subtle connection to existing approaches in the literature; while the second one is novel and able to address main shortcomings of existing methods.


Professor Silver closes her generous response to my essay "How to Write Scripture: Words, Authority, and Politics in Thomas Hobbes" (pp. 12859) with a reference to Kierkegaard ("What he [Hobbes] requires of us finally is a leap of faith"). She does not put "leap of faith" in quotation marks, probably because she thinks it part of our life in these times. Her intelligence, her learning, and her instinct have led her marvelously well. My Hobbes essay actually began in trying to work out some thoughts on a passage in Kierkegaard's "Of the Difference between a Genius and an Apostle." There Kierkegaard claims: 'Authority is a specific quality which, com-


When I studied international law as a student close to 40 years ago at Cambridge (East), Naulilaa was still a central case in the study of jus ad bellum. It would be found in many a "casebook" or course pack. I am pretty sure that at least some of the younger readers of this Editorial will be googling at this very moment - Naulilaa, what's that? This is significant, for it has largely vanished from casebooks and course packs, only appearing, if at all, in a footnote. What accounts for that demise? Was it superseded by other cases? Not exactly. For the truth is that it should really have been expunged from those early books, or appeared at best as a relic of the pre-Charter era - a relic with an unpleasant colonial odour. Already then it was very difficult to square Naulilaa with the Charter regime concerning the legitimate use of force. Where is the armed attack? Could that punitive raid plausibly be called self defence? One would have to engage in some serious lexical violence towards either the case or the Charter or both in order to square one with the other. Why was it there then? Inertia is one, not implausible, possibility. It takes the demise of a generation, as we learnt from Thomas Kuhn, for a paradigm truly to shift. Another intriguing possibility is that the Charter notwithstanding, it reflected an occasional but persistent state practice. What does one do in the face of an illegal use of force falling short of an armed attack? We all remember the tortured reasoning of the ICJ in Nicaragua, trying to address what might count as a legitimate response to such. To talk of punishment or reprisal, which is what Naulilaa really was about, was of �


The devastating consequence of corrupt practices has influenced most researchers devoting more time assessing the extent of the government or the public sector corruption to the neglect of the micro-level causes. Most often the problem of corruption has been limited to the public office holders, neglecting the fundamental aspect of the phenomenon: the corruption among non-public officials; what is being referred to as the 'household-level corruption'.  This study, contrary to the existing literature, attempts to find the linkage between corruption and poverty by carefully formulating an econometric model to explain the incentive for the deficit spending household units to indulge in corrupt practices, even sometimes against their wishes. Hypothesis being postulated here is that an aspect of corruption in the developing economies can be attributed to a missing or malfunctioning credit market which compels the household to engage in corrupt practices as a means to financing their deficits, in much the same way  other economic agents (governments and business firms) do finance their budget deficit. Using generalised least square (GLS) method of estimation, the model conceptually hypothesized that an aspect of incentive to indulge in corruption among poverty-stricken households could be eliminated with a well functioning and more accessible credit market.


Abstract The occurrence of acylgalactosylglycerol (AGG) in spinach chloroplasts is proposed. In lipid separations of whole spinach leaves this fraction is hidden by variable amounts of extraplastidary steryl glucoside (SG) which depended on the physiological state of the leaf material. Beside the phospholipid fraction, this lipid mixture with unique chromatographic behavior, recently termed GL, exhibited the highest specific activity in the lipid extract of infiltrated leaf sections of spinach after short periods of illumination (2 min) under 14C-fixing conditions. The main source of label was found in the fatty acid residues of the lipids described. The decrease of specific activity in GL after a cold chase was accompanied by an increasing 14C-incorporation into the fatty acid moieties of the MGDG-as well as the phospholipid fraction. This effect was significantly reduced if the 14C-pulse was followed by a dark period. This incorporation behavior suggests, that AGG functions as an intermediary acyl acceptor in the light driven fatty acid transfer between the lipids decribed. SG-synthesis, on the contrary, is independent of additional illumination and seems to be localized outside the chloroplast. The last notion was derived from experiments involving the in corporation of [UDP-14C] glucose into SG by spinach leaf homogenates. With regard to the increasing level of trienoic fatty acids in AGG and MGDG during the regeneration of dark pretreated spinach leaves in the light, the data are interpreted in terms of a light regulated acylation of AGG with specific unsaturated fatty acids.


Fengshuigou tailing dam of Angang mining company,which is now 65.0 m high,is composed of starter dam and embankment,for which the stability will affect its feasibility for adding height.Therefore,based on the engineering geology investigation report about Fengshuigou tailing dam of Angang mining company,in text numerical model of seepage flowfield is established by properly generalizing measured profile and extending.Numerical analysis of seepage flowfield of tailing dam is proceeded used the finite element method,so it can conclude seepage rule of the tailing dam under the normal condition,in the meanwhile seepage stability of tailing dam is evaluated.Result is that the tailing dam is stable for seepage flow,and seepage failure such as piping and drift sand can not occur.


SUMMARY This study investigates vision and the time to consultation with veterinary clinics after the recognition of abnormalities by the owner in canine glaucomatous cases. A hundred-fifty eight dogs with 195 eyes diagnosed with glaucoma in the Triangle Animal Eye Clinic (TAEC) from 2006 h 2007 were investigated. Medical records were reviewed to calculate the time to consultation with a veterinary clinic and/or TAEC after the owner rec-ognized abnormalities, and the rates of vision maintenance on consulting with TAEC were also computed. The time to consultation were divided into two groups, within three days and four days or more. Consultations were held with the veterinary clinic on 73.3% of glaucomatous cases within three days, while consultations on 26.7% of cases were held four days or more after abnormalities were recognized. Only 16.8% of the glaucomatous cases consulting with TEAC maintained their vision. However, 54.5% of cases visiting within three days kept their vision, whereas vision was only saved in 8.9% of cases that consulted four days or more after abnormalities were recognized. These results differ from a past report on glaucomatous dogs and this study indicates that many glaucomatous dogs visit a veterinary hospital soon after their owners recognize abnormalities. In addition, we suspect that those cases possibly maintain their vision on consulting with a veterinary hospital.


The structure of light nuclei is considered using the ..cap alpha.. cluster model. On the basis of ..cap alpha.. clusters, the model structures of the nuclei /sup 9/Be and /sup 12/C are proposed as composed of three particles. The bound state problems for these nuclei are solved using separable potentials, where the Faddeev equations are given. Three different types of the nonlocal separable potentials are used, i.e., potentials of the Yamaguchi, Gaussian, and Tabakin forms. The Gaussian and Tabakin potentials contain both attraction and repulsion. Solving the Faddeev equations, numerical calculations are performed for the resulting integral equations. The present theoretically calculated values of binding energies for these nuclei are in good agreement with the experimental data. The very close agreement between theoretical and experimental values of the binding energies indicates that the repulsive forces of the nuclear potential are very important and should be taken into account.


Exclusive production of ηπ − and η (cid:2) π − has been studied with a 191 GeV / c π − beam impinging on a hydrogen target at COMPASS (CERN). Partial-wave analyses reveal different odd/even angular momentum ( L ) characteristics in the inspected invariant mass range up to 3 GeV / c 2 . A striking similarity between the two systems is observed for the L = 2 , 4 , 6 intensities (scaled by kinematical factors) and the relative phases. The known resonances a 2 ( 1320 ) and a 4 ( 2040 ) are in line with this similarity. In contrast, a strong enhancement of η (cid:2) π − over ηπ − is found for the L = 1 , 3 , 5 waves, which carry non- q ¯ q quantum numbers. The L = 1 intensity peaks at 1 . 7 GeV / c 2 in η (cid:2) π − and at 1 . 4 GeV / c 2 in ηπ − , the corresponding phase motions with respect to L = 2 are different.


This report shows the result of an evaluation of how 12 aeolian sand transport models perform on a beach in Northwest-Europe. Their predictions are compared to measured rates of sand transport using four different traps. The efficiency of the different types of traps was also evaluated. From this it followed that the Sarre-trap performed best with an efficiency of ~100%. It is also very practical in its usage. The measured rates of transport with the Sarre-trap were best predicted by the White-, Bagnold- and Chepil-models.
The ratio betweep creep-transport and the total transport was also studied. It turned out that this ratio is not constant as was previously assumed, but depends on the shear velocity. Assuming a constant efficiency of the traps, the ratio decreases with increasing shear velocities. The larger impact of landing saltating grains during higher shear velocities is most likely such that instead of creep saltation is initiated.


It is essential to study the characteristics of land use change in the Fuxian Lake basin, a plateau lake in Yunnan Province, and to predict the basin's future trend of land use change for sustaining the key carriers of current national major strategies such as ecological civilization, green development, and rural revitalization. This study used the Fuxian Lake basin as the subject and based on the seven periods of historical land use data, added six driving factors including human and natural factors, applied patches to generate the land-use simulation model (PLUS), and forecasted and analyzed the characteristics of land-use change in the basin in 2048 under the three scenarios of natural trend development, ecological protection, and production protection. The results showed that: (1) the overall simulation accuracy of the model was 79.14%, Kappa index was 0.73, FOM value was 0.29, and the model's consistency was high. The model can be used to simulate future land-use changes in the Fuxian Lake basin. (2) In the natural development scenario, land-use development and the driving factors in the basin have the following relationship: rainfall and trunk road distance significantly impacted the types of land that emphasize ecological conservation and product development. Elevation and soil distribution characteristics had a significant impact on land types focused mainly on water zones and ecological protection. The land types mainly focused on urban construction were greatly affected by elevation, trunk road distance, GDP per capita, and other factors. (3) The main direction of land-use change in the watershed is the mutual conversion between farmland and forest land, with the continuous expansion of construction land. In the production protection scenario, the area of farmland increased by 44.79 hm2. In the ecological protection scenario, the area of arbor forest land increased by 37.85 hm2 and the area of shrub forest land decreased by 62.37 hm2. (4) From the perspective of spatial distribution patterns, the regional hotspot change blocks are mainly concentrated in the north of the basin, along the coast of the north of Fuxian Lake, and the southern land. In general, the PLUS model had good applicability in this study. The simulation results of the different scenarios were in line with the land development in the Fuxian Lake basin and can provide scientific reference for land-space planning, ecological and production land constraints, and coordination of development in the Fuxian Lake basin.


The Slow Food movement embeds food guidance that encourages interaction with local food production and appreciation of local cuisine. It advocates critical thinking and actions that support the preservation of traditional food practices, as well as environmental considerations around food harvesting and processing. We begin by contextually situating Slow Food as a movement and a change agent. We then introduce a critical guidance tool called the Slow Food Relationship Barometer, developed by Fader and Mesmain from their experience in southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia. This tool is meant for use by advocacy groups and policy makers rather than individuals. It is based on the view that identifying and assessing the multiple relationships intrinsic to a local food product—from origins to the table—can reveal pathways toward its improved sustainability. We illustrate how the Relationship Barometer can be applied to the case of wild and farmed salmon, which also underlies the Slow Fish movement.


This paper tries to examine the effects of emerging digital tools in architectural design. Digital tools are not only practical instruments used for drawing, but they also affect design thinking. As the ones that are used in architectural design are mostly commercial, one can say that design thinking, the identity of the design and the creativity of the designer are defined by the companies which develop these tools. Therefore architects have to be able to manipulate these tools and personalize them in order to free their design thinking and creativity. This paper addresses the open source development in order to redefine creativity in architecture of digital culture.


A vexing problem for the appraisal industry has been estimating an appropriate discount for the value of real estate limited partnerships (RELPs) relative to their appraised value. This research develops a linear regression model that explains over 80% of the cross-sectional variation in discounts across 60 RELPs using characteristics of each partnership. Among a holdout sample of 41 RELPs, the model provides forecasts of discounts that are superior to assuming no discount or applying a mean discount to all partnerships. Discounts are greatest for RELPs with low current yields, low leverage and high trading ranges for their market prices.


The pump operation stability is one of the most important indicators for large discharge pumping stations. Impeller seal rings wear is a key problematic issue. A large double suction centrifugal pump in a real water supply pumping station is numerically and experimentally investigated, of which the seal rings are seriously wore on a fixed location. The pump shaft throws in two orthorhombic directions are measured at flow rates ranging from 0 to 110% of nominal flow rate, as well as the startup and shut down periods. And careful analysis of radial forces under various steady and unsteady conditions is carried out combining with the experimental results. The results show that the value of the shaft displacement obviously increases as the flow rate decreases, especially on the operating conditions with the flow rates below 87% of the design flow rate for the drive end side. The absolute value of the shaft displacement is 0.37mm, which is more than 3 times as large as that at nominal operating condition. There exit a lasting time of large shaft displacements during pump startup and shutdown periods, and the largest value of shaft displacement at the drive end side happens during the pump startup process, which can be increase to 0.95mm. There exists relative large radial force, and the direction of which is exactly the same with the pump shaft displacement at the flow rate from 0.73Qn to 0.32Qn, and also meet the wear locations of the impeller seal rings.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


In response to a request from the project director of the International Chemical Workers Union, an evaluation was made of exposure to asbestos (1332214) and diesel emissions at the International Salt Company (SIC-1479) mine and mill, Avery Island, Louisiana. The only detectable overexposures were to coal-tar pitch volatiles (CTPV) and nitrogen-dioxide (10102440) (NO2). Eleven of 14 samples for CTPV showed detectable levels ranging from 0.06 to 0.46mg/cu m. Ten of these samples exceeded the NIOSH time weighted average of 0.1mg/cu m. Nine full shift personal NO2 samples were collected and gave concentrations ranging from 2.2 to 3.5 parts per million (ppm). All nine samples exceeded the NIOSH ceiling of 1ppm. Airborne asbestos was not detected, but settle dust and bulk materials contained asbestos. A medical study of 159 employees showed 14 workers with mild obstruction, one with moderate obstruction and one with severe obstruction on pulmonary function tests. The authors conclude that overexposures to coal-tar pitch volatiles and NO2 existed at the time of the survey. The authors recommend specific measures to reduce exposure to workplace contaminants. A followup medical survey is recommended.


In his work Bantu Prophets, Bengt Sundkler, a missionary, bishop, and academic, who
pioneered the study of independent churches in Africa, mentions that one African Independent Church existed in Randfontein, a town that now forms part of the current Rand West City Local Municipality in the West Rand District Municipality of Gauteng, South Africa. This article contributes to Sundkler's work by tracing the work of three Christian leaders from the same area. It also leans on John Mbiti's work (the Kenyan-born Christian philosopher and writer who was an ordained Anglican priest) that popularised an African proverb, through his work titled African Religions and Philosophy, that "It takes a village to raise a child." Additionally, Shutte's emphasis that the community is the centre of Ubuntu resonates with the above Africa proverb
Shutte argues that it complements the core European ethical notion of individual freedom which according to Nicolaides has Aristotelian overtones and shows how the two notions can be amalgamated to form an ethic based on a better understanding of our humanity. Mbiti's proverb underscores the sentiments of this article by celebrating the association of Alson Nene, Buti Tlhagale, and Moss Ntlha with Titi/Oukasie–Mohlakeng (part of Randfontein). From an Ubuntu perspective (ka Setho/ngeSintu) these leaders upheld seriti/isithunzi sa (the moral force of) Titi/Oukasie–Mohlakeng (Randfontein) in the same way as other community leaders and members associated with this area. The article uses literature analysis and some personal
communications with some informants associated with Titi/Oukasie–Mohlakeng (Randfontein) to demonstrate how Alson Nene, Buti Tlhagale, and Moss Ntlha, three male Christian leaders associated with the same area, contributed, and continued to missions, theological development and Christian leadership.


Abstract The character of the photo-induced metastable state is investigated via molecular-orbital calculation. The anisotropic g-factor and the hyperfine coupling constants are simulated based on the extended-Hückel calculation. The most plausible environment around the metastable PtIII is found to be a spin-soliton like state, whose spin-orbital mainly comprises one platinum and one chlorine atoms. The vibration mode of the elemental unit of the complex is calculated for both high- and low-temperature structures employing a density-functional method.


A device is used to store electrical energy. It has more memory cells. A switch and in series to an electrical resistance are connected in parallel to each of the memory cells. At least one switching unit includes each switch when the memory cells disposed in parallel with this switch exceeds a predetermined voltage. In addition, a time switch unit is provided which holds each closed switch closed after once occurred closing for a predetermined time.


Polybenzimidazole (PBI), an engineering polymer with well-known excellent thermal, chemical and mechanical stabilities has been recognized as an alternative to high temperature polymer electrolyte membranes (HT-PEMs). This review focuses on recent advances made on the development of PBI-based HT-PEMs for fuel cell applications. PBI-based membranes discussed were prepared by various strategies such as structural modification, cross-linking, blending and organic-inorganic composites. In addition, intriguing properties of the PBI-based membranes as well as their fuel cell performances were highligted.


How to improve the English writing ability is always considered to be a very difficult task by the teachers and students. While many different methods have been tried by the teachers, this essay presents the result of a qualitative research done in University of Denver in America, which verifies the function of writing workshop and the effect of its use in the writing class in terms of developing the students' writing skills and improving the students' writing competence. Besides, the article also elaborates on the writing workshop techniques employed by the professors of the University of Denver in their creative writing classes.


Abstract SOFTWARE COMPLEX "SNAIL" FOR WEIGHT-LIFTERS V.M. Musakaev, Ph.D. Kabardino-Balkarian state agricultural academy, Nalchik Ch.KH. Ingushev, Ph.D. T.Yu. Cherkesov, Ph.D. V.V. Afanasenko, Ph.D. Kabardino-Balkarian state university, Nalchik Key words: athletes, software technique, groove machines, neuromuscular apparatus, motor abilities. The purpose of the present research was to work a software complex for weight-lifters. The software training complex «Snail» was worked Kabardino-Balkarian state university to determine biomechanical characteristics of motor actions and training of weight-lifters. The studies conducted with weight-lifters of different qualification proved that the given traininbg complex was an effective method of on-line testing of biomechanical characteristics and organization of training process. It served the basis for development of phaze structure of push of two weights by long cycle and technique of perfection of biomechanical characteristics of the exercise. The use of the quoted training complex provided for manifestation of power and speed accents by the common principle of dynamic and kinetic correspondence to record regime of performance of motor actions with preservation of optimum biomechanical structure of competitive exercise. Here achievement of one and the same training effect requires substantially smaller time and energy expenses. While weight-lifter's performance of competitive exercises growing fatigue was shown by decrease of speed of delution, decrease of speed and height of extrusion of weights, diffraction of weights from «the shortest» trajectory of upward motion, diffraction of athlete from vertical axis, violation of exercise rhythm. The same situation occurred in conditions of modernized simulator «Snail» in the regime of decreasing resistence only on the 45th and 110th pushes of two weights (depending on the level of mastership). All this revealed considerable perspectives of intensification of training process in weightlifting.


One hundred and twenty-three cucumber cultivars from different regions were collected to establish a low temperature tolerance evaluation method of different cucumber cultivars by determining their relative germination trend,relative germination percentage,relative germination index,relative radical length and relative vigor index under low temperature(13℃).The results indicated that relative germination trend,relative germination percentage,relative germination index,relative radical length and relative vigor index showed significant difference(p0.05) among cucumber varieties.Based on these five indexes,the evaluation score of different cucumber varieties was calculated by pole sorting method.According to scores of the evaluation,One hundred and twenty-three cucumber cultivars were classified into low temperature tolerant materials,low temperature sensitive materials and moderately low temperature sensitive materials.The five indicators were significantly correlated with the evaluation scores while relative vigor index and evaluation scores had the highest correlation coefficient(r=0.964 17).The results indicated that the pole sorting method could be used to early evaluate the low temperature tolerance of cucumber varieties by investigation of relative germination trend,relative germination percentage,relative germination index,relative radical length and relative vigor index at 13℃.


After discussing shortcomings of several available techniques of generating test scripts,the design of a CSDDT-based automated generator and its implementation techniques are introduced. An example illustrates the feasibility of the method and the efficiency of the generator. This technique reduces the workload of testers and improves the present methods. The reusable scripts generated can be applied to several classes and methods at same time from unit testing. There's no need to use new script language during the process.


This paper proposed a method of modeling the range of motion (ROM) of the human hand, which has multiple joints that move in coordination. Traditionally, ROM of the hand was defined by independently bounding each joint angle from observation of extreme posutres. For example, the joint angle when fully extended (maximum) and that when fully flexed (minimum) were observed. However, it is difficult to express actual human's complex ROM with such simple boundaries. Therefore, we modeled ROM of the hand by defining outer boudary of collected various posture data. Each relationship between two of the joint angles was presented as a united area in which all the projected measured postures on the plane were minimally bounded using the a-convex hull algorithm. Such area was called "a coupled ROM" in this paper. Measurement and modeling experiments on four subjects were conducted to demonstrate basic characteristics of the proposed ROM model. The occupied volume of the proposed ROM was compared with that of the simple upper-lower ROM. The coordinatinated relationships were ranked and categorized for comparison among subjects.


The link between ordered sets and hyperstructures is one of the classical areas of research in the hyperstructure theory. In this paper we focus on $EL$--hyperstructures, i.e. a class of hyperstructures constructed from quasi-ordered semigroups. In our paper we link this concept to the concept of a \emph{composition hyperring}, a recent hyperstructure generalization of the classical notion of a composition ring.


The paper presents the software package (SP) for solving the online state estimation (SE) problem. The problems solved in the SP, algorithms for their solution based on test equations and technical characteristics of the SP are listed. Considered are the up-to-date technological system for data acquisition and electric power system control (SCADA/EMS), configuration of its hardware, used in a number of electric power systems (EPS) of Russia. Besides some integration aspects of the SE software package into this system: the problems of SP information support, interaction with databases, development of platform-independent software package version are described. The results of the SP application in the Central Dispatching Board of the Unified EPS of Russia are presented. The prospects for development of the SP are considered.


Epidermal characters provide additional features in the assessment of taxonomic relationships among the European species of Antirrhinum. Much of this study confirms the classification derived by Webb but important differences have been observed, viz. A. mollissimum may be considered as identical to A. molle whilst A. boissieri, A. ambiguum and A. rupestre may be assigned as distinct species. Evidence from epidermal characters supports Rothmaler's view that A. majus spp. litigiosum is a subspecies of A. majus and should not be amalgamated with A. barrelieri as proposed by Webb. A. × huteri is proposed to be a hybrid between A. hispanicum and A. boissieri. Thus it is proposed that the section Antirrhinum comprises 20 species with A. majus divided into five subspecies.


Noncorrosive water-ring vacuum pump hot - pressed from fiberglass reinforced plastics is a new corrosion resisting vacuum pump worthy to be widely Popularized Compared with common water - ring vacuum pump , it has the following Advantages : more effective in corrosion resistance , less need to do far maintenace; preventing pump spindle from brearage; and remark-ble effect in electricity economization.


Slow perturbations of the drop speed of a nearly freely falling, winged, microstructure probe in the upper 200 m at station P are interpreted as vertical velocity fluctuations of an internal wave field. The frequencies of these fluctuations lie in the 2.5- to 4-cph band, near the buoyancy-frequency cutoff. A typical rms value is 1.3 cm/s. Indications of the vertical structure of the wave field and the partition of energy among modes are obtained by statistical comparison with discrete mode solutions of the internal wave equation. It is found that the first and second modes carry most of the internal wave energy and that the partition of energy between them may change in 3 days.


The Copula function was employed to construct a bivariate joint probability distribution with the marginal distribution being the Pearson type Ⅲ for describing the total annual streamflow volume and the maximum monthly streamflow volume.According to the joint probability distribution,samples were randomly drawn,and then the observed streamflow hydrographs were selected and transformed into those for simulations by means of the typical disaggregation model.Accordingly,a new stochastic simulation method for streamflow hydrographs was established.Compared with the existing models for streamflow simulations, such as the seasonal automatic regression first-order model and the typical disaggregation model,the proposed method based on the Copula function is superior in terms of the root mean square deviation of the statistical characteristics of the simulated annual streamflow volume,and it can be employed to satisfactorily simulate the statistical characteristics of the original series.It provides a new way for the studies on simulation of hydrology and water resources.


A Diophantine monoid S is a monoid which consists of the set of solutions in nonnegative integers to a system of linear Diophantine equations. Given a Diophantine monoid S, we explore its algebraic properties in terms of its defining integer matrix A. If d r (S) and d c (S) denote respectively the minimal number of rows and minimal number of columns of a defining matrix A for S, then we prove in Section 3 that d r (S) = rank Cl(S) and d c (S) = rank Cl(S)+rank Q(S) where Cl(S) represents the divisor class group of S and Q(S) the quotient group of S. The proof relies on the characteristic properties of the so-called essential states of S, which are developed in Section 2. We close in Section 4 by offering a characterization of factorial Diophantine monoids and an algorithm which determines if a Diophantine monoid is half-factorial.


How many hours has your practice donated to pro bono work in the last year? Lawyers can be time poor but it seems more Australian lawyers are investing their skills in the broader community through hundreds of hours of pro bono work each year.


The energy and the frequency of seismic signal were varied with time,so it was difficult to characterize seismic signal accurately and subtly only in the field of time or frequency.Based on Hilbert-Huang transform,the non-stationary seismic signal could be decomposed into a finite and small number of intrinsic mode functions and the relation between time-frequency-energy of seismic signal could then be identified accurately by using the instantaneous time-frequency analysis of different model signal.The application of Hilbert-Huang transform in compressing wave is studied.The result shows that Hilbert-Huang transform can attenuate surface wave accurately in time-frequency field.


Epilepsy is a chronic brain disorder. The patient are suffer from the unpredictable seizure. The conventional method for studies the characteristic of epileptic seizure is measuring the Electroencephalogram (EEG). On the other side, there are some studies reported about the relation between heart rate from Electrocardiogram (ECG) and epileptic seizure. This paper is a preliminary study about EEG and ECG based epileptic seizure prediction. The feature extraction method is based on the Hilbert Huang Transform (HHT) and we try to indicate some phenomena of EEG and ECG before the seizure onset. We extract the mean instantaneous frequency from EEG and R-R interval from ECG. The result shows the mean instantaneous frequency in mode one of intrinsic mode function was significantly dropped down simultaneously with R-R interval variation before seizure onset, the prior time is around 130 second. So, we can conclude that there is a possibility to use these two feature as a indicator for early prediction.


Clustering is an important data mining task. Many applications require the clustering of large amounts of high dimensional data, but most clustering techniques do not work effectively nor efficiently on high dimensional data. Inspired by the concept of entropy in the information theory, an entropy-based feature selection approach is proposed. The basic idea is that by constructing an entropy metric based on similarity between objects, the importance of each feature can be evaluated and an important feature subset can be obtained. The experiment results show the effectiveness of the entropy-based feature selection approach for real datasets.


Objective
To evaluate the efficacy of skin traction combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in the treatment of skin defects in crus.

Methods
Thirty-six patients with skin defects in crus admitted into the trauma department of Yantaishan hospital from August 2010 to April 2018, were treated with external fixation device and skin tractor produced by the Beijing Orthopedic Research Institute. Skin traction was performed after the margin of skin necrosis was clearly identified, and the external fixation device for skin traction was properly placed. From the first day after surgery, the traction ring or the tractor connecting rod was moved forward 1mm a day in the direction of skin defect, the procedures of which were divided into 6 times. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: the routine group (n=19) and the hyperbaric oxygen group (n=17). The following day after surgery, HBO therapy was implemented.

Results
Of the 17 patients who received skin traction combined with HBO in the HBO group, there was no case of infection and complications. However, of the 19 patients with routine treatment, there were 4 cases of infection, of which 1 case was seriously infected. Skin traction was momentarily suspended and sensitive antibiotics was applied, and 1 week after treatment, infection was controlled and skin traction continued. In the HBO group, there was 1 case of needle out-cut by Kirschner needle, while there were 7 cases in the routine group, of which 3 cases healed after debridement and suture and other 4 cases were treated with secondary skin traction.

Conclusion
Skin traction combined with HBO in the treatment of skin defects in crus could significantly reduce the loosening of nails and the rate of needle out-cut, and the rate of soft tissue infection as well.

Key words:
Skin traction; Hyperbaric oxygen; Skin defect


A case of superfoetation is presented. Difference of age (3 weeks) between twins was established by ultrasound at 10 weeks, and persisted through subsequent echographic surveillance up to delivery at 39 of amenorrhea with twin 39 and 36 weeks old. Only three publications in recent international literature are related to superfoetation. An attempt is made to try to understand superfoetation and to clearly differentiate it from superovulation.


To the Editor.— In the editorial note to the article "Lead Poisoning—Associated Death From Asian Indian Folk Remedies—Florida," 1 there were listed a number of potential sources of lead poisoning in children that should be investigated. Two important sources that you omitted were soil and dust. The latest guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control note that "soil and dust that contain lead are often an important source of lead exposure for children." 2 The guidelines go on to state that soil lead levels exceeding 500 to 1,000 ppm are responsible for an elevation of the blood lead levels of children. 2 In many cities in the United States and Europe, such soil lead levels are quite common. 3 In Boston, for example, the average in urban gardens is about 700 ppm, 4 and around the homes of children with elevated lead levels the soil lead level is about


Introduction Human Immune deficiency Virus or Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a pandemic affecting millions around the world. The 2020 the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS report stated that the estimated number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) is 38 million globally by 2019. Ethiopia is among HIV high burden countries in Africa. By 2021, PLHIV in Ethiopia is estimated to be 754, 256. Globally out of 25.4 million PLHIV on ART, 41% reported virally non-suppressed. According to UNAIDS, the estimated viral non-suppression in Ethiopia is about 27%. Methodology A hospital based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 323 patients who were enrolled to ART from July 2016 to December 2020. The medical records of study participants were selected using simple random sampling technique & data was collected using data extraction checklist. The collected data was entered and cleaned using SPSS V.25. Kaplan–Meier is used to estimate the cumulative hazard of virological failure at different time points. During bivariate analysis variables with p<0.25 were taken for Multivariate Cox regression analysis to assess predictors of virological failure & statistically significant association was declared at p<0.05 with 95% confidence interval. Result The overall incidence rate of virological failure was 1.75 per 1000 months of observations. The mean survival time of virological failure was 14.80 months. Disclosure of sero-status (AHR = 0.038, 95% CI: 0.008–018), poor adherence (AHR = 4.24, 95% CI: 1.04–16), having OIs (Opportunistic infections) (AHR = 4.59, 95% CI: 1.17–18) and use of cotrimoxazole (CPT) prophylaxis (AHR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.026–0.68) have shown statistically significant association with virological failure. Conclusion The incidence of virological failure among patients on first line ART in St. Paul's hospital is low. Disclosure of sero-status, poor adherence, having OIs and use of CPT prophylaxis were associated with virological failure. Therefore, a due attention needs to be given to these factors in order to minimize virological failure in patients on ART.


The present invention relates to emission reduction method of nitrous oxide generated from the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel, combustion or heating of the carbon fuel (fuel bound carbon) and nitrogen fuels (fuel bound nitrogen) particulate hydrocarbon (a particulate hydrocarbon) containing during the step (a process for breaking hydrocarbon bonds) to destroy the hydrocarbon binding combination, wherein the step is The burner with the fuel additive (a fuel improver) step (heating) for heating the particulate hydrocarbon; wherein the said particulate hydrocarbon has a molecular size distribution (a particle size distribution), the fuel additive is molecular size distribution to have, in the hydro-90 percent of the carbon molecular size distribution (the 90th percentile) hydrocarbon molecules is larger than the molecules of the fuel additive in a 90 percent (the 90th percentile) of the molecular size distribution of the fuel additive, said fuel in additive molecules of the fuel additive in a 10 percent (the 10th percentile) of the molecular size distribution is orders of magnitude smaller than the hydrocarbon molecules (an order) in 90% (the 90th percentile) of the molecular size distribution of the hydrocarbons, for fuel ratio of the fuel additive is characterized in that up to 33% by weight percent of the particulate hydrogen.


Particulate matter in large-volume intravenous fluids caused vascular embolism and harmful effect to death. 308 different intravenous fluids have been examined for suspended particulate matter using Coulter Counter, 49 samples or 15.9% did not conform to the BP specifications. Among these contaminated samples 71.4% were manufactured in hospital and 49.6% contained number of particles 10 times higher than the BP specification. Identification under microscope of these suspended matter found fibers and unidentified matter which may contaminate during manufacturing process and the use of reused bottles. Therefore the improvement in quality control of particulate matter in large volume intravenous fluids is strongly recommended. Key words: Particulate matter, Intravenous fluids, Infections.


The gun brings with acute vibration during its shooting, which greatly impacts gun's firing accuracy and reliability. If vibration response has been tested and analyzed when the gun shooting, gun's dynamic characteristic would be obtained which can afford important references for gun's optimization and technology improving. The paper designs the testing system for gun's shooting vibration, according to the test state and requirement during gun's shooting. With the problem of noise interference inside the signal, wavelet threshold de-noising is adopted to decrease noise when the principle of heuristic threshold and improved threshold function are used. Then the characteristics in time and frequency domain are enhanced.


This conceptual essay critiques reading comprehension pedagogies that are part of the current educational landscape.  I argue that comprehension pedagogy generally reflects one of three differing orientations, each with its own assumptions about what comprehension is:  comprehension-as-outcome pedagogies, which emphasize getting textual meaning "right"; comprehension-as-procedure pedagogies, which emphasize knowing the "right" ways doing reading; and comprehension-as-sensemaking pedagogies, which take all textual interpretation seriously, regardless of "rightness."  Comprehension-as-sensemaking pedagogies, in turn, can be distinguished as either primarily responsive – aimed at surfacing student understandings – or primarily dialogic – aimed at getting student understandings to refract.  Arguably, comprehension-as-outcome pedagogy dominates current reading instruction.  A focus on measuring and teaching toward "right" interpretations permeates almost all aspects of comprehension pedagogy even when one of the other orientations toward comprehension pedagogy is also at play.  While seemingly intuitive, this overarching outcome emphasis reifies textual meaning in ways that are both theoretically and ethically problematic.  I make the case that comprehension-as-sensemaking pedagogy should become primary instead.  I propose that comprehension-as-outcome and comprehension-as-procedure pedagogies should not be abandoned, but should be subordinated to dialogic comprehension-as-sensemaking pedagogy so that students' textual sensemaking is more fully heard, respected, and examined in reading classrooms.


Agriculture is a prime sector of Pakistan's economy. The vital economic activities of rural society throughout the country are directly or indirectly related to agriculture. The annual population growth rate of Pakistan is 1.55%, which compels to increase agricultural land by reforming agriculture through advanced techniques. The study area is promising for agricultural activities. Crop cultivation, fruit farming and use of rangeland for herded livestock are the main features of agriculture. Though the area possesses much potential for agriculture, due to negligence this resource could not be exploited properly. This study would be beneficial for policy makers and planners for the efficient utilization of agricultural resources, in such semi-arid areas.


even gleefully telling me this in Paris in the 1970s), but the general public over time may have drawn some strange conclusions from these recordings. Woodley is right: a good deal of further work remains to be done (my guess about Ricardo Viñes's potential role here is that he was simply less inclined than Casadesus "to do what he was told"). Woodley's discussion of chamber, orchestral, and vocal performances reinforce all: he has much to say about the pitfalls of formulating general principles of historical performance habits and reception across generations of wildly-changing technologies. One wishes that Roger Nichols's concluding essay could have been longer: it weaves some threads from earlier contributions into a rather large question about twentiethcentury historiography and musical style. To paraphrase: How is it that such a brilliant, indeed "deep" composer as Ravel is rarely found in "serious" discourse about twentieth-century music? Nichols believes that much behind this derives from cultural expectations—demands—placed upon composers of "serious" music in recent generations, and his quotes from contemporary composers and scholars bear him out. On the one hand, Ravel is chastised for "classical" structures and thinking (however creative); on the other, he serves as a convenient historical beacon (i.e., Boléro) for composers like Philip Glass. Worse: the difficulty of untangling his various "perfections" still grates. Why? We need to hear more from Nichols on this. Quibbles: why so little acknowledgment of German scholarship, much of which is among the very best? (I find only one citation, a short article on Ravel's shortest work.) And recalling Nichols's conclusion: I wonder about some of the established analytical topoi such as "Ravel's mask(s)," much emphasized in the introduction— "No mask, no Ravel" (p. 1). Really? The bibliographies and indexes for this volume are entirely satisfactory, and it has been carefully and reliably edited. Many thanks to Deborah Mawer, to her contributors, and to the Cambridge University Press.


The Eakin-Nagata theorem says that if T is a com- mutative Noetherian ring which is finitely generated as a module over a subring R, then R is also Noetherian. This paper proves a generalization of this result. However, the main interest is that the proof is very elementary and uses little more than the definition of "Noetherian".


The effects of bifenox (methyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-2-nitrobenzoate) and oxadiazon (5-tert-butyl-3-(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one on photosynthetic activity were investigated in isolated chloroplasts, and on respiratory activity in isolated mitochondria. The global effects of these chemicals were also investigated on cucumber cotyledon pieces. It was found that, in vitro, bifenox and oxadiazon acted on cotyledon pieces as typical diphenyl ether herbicides, causing complete pigment bleaching, even at low concentrations. In addition, bifenox and oxadiazon were shown to inhibit the photosynthesis process at the chloroplast level. At concentrations of up to 40-50 μM, oxadiazon and bifenox were observed to inhibit fully the light-dependent oxygen evolution of spinach class A chloroplasts, oxadiazon acting preferentially on electron transfer at the PS II level whereas bifenox acted on the photophosphorylation process. Comparison of the amounts of herbicide needed to inhibit photosynthesis and to cause bleaching of cucumber pieces leads to the conclusion that photosynthesis inhibition by bifenox and oxadiazon is only a secondary effect.


Abstract Background In Sub-Saharan Africa, both malaria (M), and bacterial meningitis (BM) cause fever and central nervous system (CNS) disturbance. We studied their prevalence, characteristics, outcome, and risk factors for poor outcome to better understand the clinical impact of suspected CNS infection in children. Methods We conducted a prospective study in the Children's Hospital (HPDB) in the capital of Angola which attends 300 new patients daily. Spinal tap (ST) was performed for children presenting with altered consciousness, convulsions, prostration, or meningism. The analysis included children aged 3 month to 15 years with confirmed discharge diagnosis in 2016–2017. Results Of 941 children, the diagnosis was M in 56% (525), BM in 12% (116), epilepsy/convulsions in 9% (88), and other infections in 6% (60). Of all children, 16% (150/941) died, 6% (45/733) had severe, 14% (93/655) any neurological sequelae, and 27% (243/897) either died or had neurological sequelae. In children with M, the corresponding figures were 7% (35/525), 1.5% (7/476), 4% (19/443), and 11% (54/514). In children with BM, the figures were 41% (47/116), 15% (8/54), 33% (11/33), and 55% (58/105), respectively. Comparing with M, children with BM were younger (median age (IQR) 28 (61) vs. 60 (68) months, P < 0.0001), had an underlying illness (23/97 vs. 19/374, P < 0.0001), like sickle-cell disease (18/96 vs. 9/372, P < 0.0001), longer duration of illness (4 (4) vs. 3 (3) days, P < 0.0001, dyspnea (70/119 vs. 210/463, P = 0.009), were dehydrated (36/113 vs. 67/441, P < 0.0001), or malnourished (38/115 vs. 75/447, P = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed as independent risk factors for death or neurological sequelae age <12 months (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.02–2.88, P < 0.0001), duration of illness >3 days (2.48, 1.68–3.64, P < 0.0001), malnutrition (1.92, 1.20–3.05, P = 0.006), and dehydration (1.92, 1.16–3.14, P = 0.01). When BM vs. M was included in the analysis, BM appeared as the most important risk factor (OR 8.06, 4.44–14.65, P < 0.0001) and age lost its significance. Conclusion In suspected CNS infection, M was the final diagnosis of most children. However, BM caused more deaths and neurological sequelae. Amendable factors, such as delay in treatment, dehydration, and malnutrition, appeared as risk factors for poor outcome. Disclosures T. Pelkonen, sanofi pasteur: Investigator, Sanofi Paster funded this study. Paediatric Research Foundation, Helsinki, Finland: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient. Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation, Helsinki, Finland: Grant Investigator, Grant recipient


Both electronic and magnetic properties have been studied for hexagonally bonded honeycomb ribbons consisting of B, N, and C atoms, with zigzag edges terminated by H atoms. We have used first-principles total-energy electronic-structure calculations within the local spin-density functional theory. The energy gap of BN ribbons is dominated by the edge states and it decreases monotonically with increasing ribbon width. For metallic BNC ribbons with different zigzag edges, C and BN or NB, the ground state becomes ferrimagnetic; this originates from the coexistence of the border state and the edge state.


A refractive index sensor based on a three-layered polymeric waveguide was proposed and demonstrated. A high-index thin film in TiO2 was placed on top of the waveguide in the sensing region, playing the role of strengthening the evanescent field to enhance the sensitivity of the sensor. The refractive index of the analyte applied to the surface of the sensor was estimated by observing the count of the polarimetric interference between the TE and TM polarizations, which is manifested as a periodic variation in the optical output of the sensor. For a fabricated sensor involving a 20 nm thick TiO2 film, the sensitivity was found to be equivalent to 1.8x10-3 RIU. It was found to be enhanced by increasing the thickness of the high-index overlay to a certain degree.


Receptors for interleukins, colony stimulating factors, and hormones have a homology in their extracellular regions, characterized by the conserved cysteine residues and the tryptophan-serine-x-tryptophan-serine motif, thus, they are classified to the type I cytokine receptor superfamily. Janus tyrosine kinase (JAKs) have been found to be involved in the signal transduction through type I cytokine receptors. JAKs associate with the membrane proximal region in the cytoplasmic domain having boxl and box2, which are conserved among the family, and upon the stimulation JAKs can be aggregated following the receptor dimerization and activated probably by transphosphorylation. JAKs then phosphorylate the receptor and various signal transducing molecules, including STATs (signal transducer and activator of transcriptions) and other SH2-containing adapter molecules. STATs were initially identified as transcription factors containing a SH2 domain and regulating interferons-inducible genes. STATs can be tyrosine pho...


Summary Background: The 6-minute walk test (6WT) has been used as a means of assessment of the functional capacity, clinical staging and cardiovascular prognosis. Its safety and metabolic impact have not been frequently described in the literature, especially in patients with severe heart failure with clinical indication for cardiovascular transplantation. Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of arrhythmias and cardiovascular changes during 6WT. To correlate 6WT performance with clinical staging and cardiovascular prognosis. Methods: Twelve patients, 10 of whom males, aged 52 ± 8 years were evaluated at baseline. 6WT was performed with telemetry electrocardiography, vital signs and lactate monitoring. The patients were followed-up for 12 months. Results: The patients walked 399.4±122.5 (D, m), reaching a perceived exertion (PE) of 14.3±1.5 and a 34% baseline heart rate variation. Two patients presented more severe pre-6WT arrhythmia which did not worsen with the exercice, four patients presented a significant increase of blood lactate levels (>5 mmol/dl), and three interrupted the test. The distance walked correlated with the ejection fraction (%) and functional class (NYHA). After 12-month follow-up, three patients died and seven were rehospitalized for cardiac decompensation. The D/PE ratio and 2-minute heart rate recovery (HRR2, bpm) were lower in the death group. Conclusion: The clinical and electrocardiographic behaviors suggest that the method is safe, but it may be considered too strenuous for some patients with severe heart failure. Variables related to 6WT performance may be associated with the one-year follow-up mortality. (Arq Bras Cardiol 2009;92(4):294-300)


Electronic wallets, Internet-driven mail and electronic cash, credit cards that are debit cards capable of being refilled with electronic money that is spendable like pocket change, banks that not only have no branches but exist solely in cyberspace...indeed, we are entering a strange new world. Discount brokers want you to power up your computer, access your portfolio and trade your stocks-all electronically. Brokerage houses want to be your banker and banks want to be your broker. The author sees the electronic money revolution as inevitable, with "e-mail for money" becoming as ubiquitous in the future as e-mail messages are already today.


This article is based on a cross-national qualitative study of homeless and street-involved youth living within Olympic host cities. Synthesizing a Lefebvrian spatial analysis with Debord's concept of 'the spectacle', the article analyses the spatial experiences of homeless young people in Vancouver (host to the 2010 Winter Olympics) and draws some comparisons to London (host to the 2012 Summer Olympics). Tracing encounters with police, gentrification and Olympic infrastructure, the article assesses the experiences of homeless youth in light of claims made by Olympic proponents that the Games will 'benefit the young'. By contrast, the authors argue that positive Olympic legacies for homeless and street-involved young people living within host cities are questionable.


In the study of development, nature refers to the inherited (genetic) characteristics and tendencies that influence development. Some inherited characteristics appear in virtually everyone. For instance, almost all children have the capacity to learn to walk, understand language, imitate others, use simple tools, and draw inferences about how other people view the world. Thus all children have a set of universal human genes that, when coupled with a reasonable environment, permit them to develop as reasonably capable members of the human species.


Zinc deficiency has been observed at the early growth stage of seed-maize crops grown on neutral to slightly alkaline calcareous soil of the Eastern Croatia.. Maize chlorosis were in close connection with the higher soil pH and the higher extractable Zn status. Ten maize inbred lines were grown on Đakovo slightly alkaline and drained gleysol (the soil A) in the growing season 1995 and on Osijek neutral eutric cambisol (the soil B) in the growing season 1996. The trials were established in four replications. Two rows of each genotype were treated with the solution of zinc sulfate (0.75% ZnSO4.7H2O), while remaining two were a control. The first treatment of spraying was at the beginning of June and the second treatment following ten days. Maize genotypes response to foliar spraying with 0.75% ZnSO4.7H2O solution was less expressed in the first year of testing: average grain yields were similar (2890 kg/ha and 2992 kg/ha, for control and spraying, respectively) while only two genotypes responded by yield increases (17% and 13% higher yields by the Os84-49 and by the Os84-24, respectively). However, in the second year of testing average grain yields were 4078 kg/ha (control) and 4418 kg/ha (spraying): by five genotypes (Os84-24, Os84-49, Os84-28, Os64-9 and Os86-39) grain yields increased from 11% to 18% as affected by ZnSO4.7H2O application.


This paper proposes a sliding-mode enhanced adaptive control methodology for piezoelectric actuation systems to track specified motion trajectories. This control methodology is proposed to overcome the problems of unknown or uncertain system parameters, nonlinearities including the hysteresis effect, and external disturbances in the piezoelectric actuation systems, without any form of feedforward compensation. In this paper, a special class of positive definite functions is employed to formulate the control methodology such that the closed-loop system stability can be guaranteed. The control formulation, stability analysis, and analytical closed-loop solution are presented. Furthermore, a precise tracking ability in following a specified motion trajectory is demonstrated in the experimental study. With the capability of motion tracking under the aforementioned conditions, the sliding-mode enhanced adaptive control methodology is very attractive in realising high-performance control applications in the field of micro/nano manipulation.


Use of salts of polyaspartic acids AS AUXILIARY grinding to obtain aqueous suspensions OF MINERALS Tuned, pumpable, NOT settle and highly concentrated in these areas MINERALS. APPLYING grinding process that agent. AQUEOUS MINERAL SUSPENSIONS OBTAINED AND APPLICATIONS IN THE FIELD OF PAPER.


Purpose To evaluate the effect of high doses EPA/DHA for the treatment of severe dry eye disease not responding to current treatments.

Methods 60 eyes (30 patients) with severe dry eyes not responding to current treatments were treated with 5g/day of EPA/DHA. Visual acuity, corneal fluorescein staining, tear break up time (TBUT) and subjective symptoms were noted.

Results 70% of patients used more than 5 treatment approaches before starting EPA/DHA. 83% of patients started with severe corneal fluorescein staining and 17% had moderate staining. At 3 months 44% had no staining and 55% had mild staining. TBUT improved from mean 1.78sec to 4.40sec at 3 months. There was substantial improvement (>50%) on subjective symptoms at 6 weeks of treatment.

Conclusion High doses of fatty acids can be used to improve the signs and symptoms of patients with severe dry eye disease not responding to current treatments.


Triplex‐forming homopyrimidine oligonucleotides containing insertions of a 2′–5′ uridine linkage featuring a pyrene moiety at the 3′‐position exhibit strong fluorescence enhancement upon binding to double‐stranded DNA through Hoogsteen base pairing. It is shown that perfect matching of the new modification to the base pair in the duplex is a prerequisite for strong fluorescence, thus offering the potential to detect single mutations in purine stretches of duplex DNA. The increase in the fluorescence signal was dependent on the thermal stability of the parallel triplex, so a reduction in the pH from 6.0 to 5.0 resulted in an increase in thermal stability from 25.0 to 55.0 °C and in an increase in the fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) from 0.061 to 0.179, while the probe alone was fluorescently silent (ΦF=0.001–0.004). To achieve higher triplex stability, five nucleobases in a 14‐mer sequence were substituted with α‐L‐LNA monomers, which provided a triplex with a Tm of 49.5 °C and a ΦF of 0.158 at pH 6.0. Under similar conditions, a Watson–Crick‐type duplex formed with the latter probe showed lower fluorescence intensity (ΦF=0.081) than for the triplex.


The paper describes the regulation of supply quality in the Victorian competitive markets in Australia. Generator, transmission network companies, the market operator, distribution companies and electricity users have to obey the regulations set up by the Office of the Regulator-General (ORG). The requirements relating to quality of supply are defined in the System and the Distribution Code. ORG has several instruments including large penalties to execute the regulations defined by the Codes. This creates a new legal situation. There are several avenues for customers' complaints on quality of supply. The competitive electricity markets are generally more customer-oriented. This balance of powers leads to a better understanding of customer needs and results in higher supply quality.


Prior research that examines firms' tax avoidance activities focuses on the determinants of tax avoidance. Because a firm's tax environment is constantly evolving, studying how quickly firms adjust their tax avoidance activities is necessary to develop a better understanding of the tradeoffs managers face to achieve a given level of tax avoidance. We test for evidence of targeting behavior by managers. Our results suggest that firms do have target levels of tax avoidance and that the typical firm converges towards its target at a rate of almost 69 percent over a three-year period. We also find that the speed of adjustment varies with a firm's growth potential, presence of foreign operations, and governance. We appreciate helpful comments from John Campbell, Katherine Drake, Nancy Du, Nathan Goldman, Jeff Gramlich, Dave Guenther, Russ Hamilton, Shane Heitzman, Paul Hribar, John Jiang, Ed Outslay, Santhosh Ramalingegowda, Casey Schwab, James Stekelberg, Bridget Stomberg, Erin Towery, Brian Williams, Julie Xiao, and workshop participants at the UBCOW conference, Michigan State University, the University of Arizona, the University of Georgia, the University of Oregon, and Washington State University.


Evolution strategies: An alternative evolutionary algorithm.- An introduction to evolutionary programming.- An asymptotic theory for genetic algorithms.- Towards a genetic theory of easy and hard functions.- GAS, a concept on modeling species in genetic algorithms.- A genetic algorithm with parallel steady-state reproduction.- Induction-based control of genetic algorithms.- New multicriteria optimization method based on the use of a diploid genetic algorithm: Example of an industrial problem.- Lotka Volterra coevolution at the edge of chaos.- Evolution through cooperation: The Symbiotic Algorithm.- The artificial evolution of cooperation.- Immune system and fault-tolerant computing.- Modular genetic neural networks for 6-Legged locomotion.- An artificial life approach for the synthesis of autonomous agents.- How long does it take to evolve a neural net?.- Mixed IFS: Resolution of the inverse problem using genetic programming.- Interactive evolution for simulated natural evolution.- Building new tools for synthetic image animation by using evolutionary techniques.- A genetic algorithm with sharing for the detection of 2D geometric primitives in images.- A genetic algorithm to improve an Othello program.- A comparative study of a penalty function, a repair heuristic, and stochastic operators with the set-covering problem.- Study of genetic search for the Frequency Assignment Problem.- An application of evolutionary algorithms to the scheduling of robotic operations.- Genetic operators for two-dimentional shape optimization.- Air Traffic conflict resolution by Genetic Algorithms.- Optimizing hidden Markov models with a genetic algorithm.


Alternatives to animal experiments, based on in vitro methodologies, have been suggested and adopted in the last decades in order to completely substitute or to reduce animal numbers in in vivo assays. In this chapter we describe methods for establishment, maintenance, and characterization of primary goat mammary epithelial cell cultures (pgMECs) and possible applications for which the derived primary cell model can be used instead of in vivo experiments. The established cell lines were grown in vitro for several passages and remained hormone and immune responsive and capable of milk protein synthesis. Knowledge on goat mammary cells and their manipulation is appli-cable to different fields of research; for example, it could be used in basic research to study mammary development and lactation biology, in agriculture to enhance lactation yield and persistency or to produce milk with special characteristics, in biopharma to express recombinant proteins in goat milk, or in biomedicine to study lactation, mammary development, and pathology, including neoplasia. The established cells represent an adequate surrogate for mammary gland; were successfully used to study mammary gland immunity, lactation, and mammary stem/progenitor cells; and have a potential to be used for other purposes.


Two kind of applications of DPSSL, multiple single transverse mode generator and reflectivity distribution measurement device for laser coating, are reported. Variety of transverse modes, from TEM 00 to TEM 290 can be generated stable by the former, while the later can be used conveniently to measure the reflectivity distribution of optical coating with fair precision.


This article aims at analyzing determining aspects that must be incorporated in to the process of developing a strategy to control land development. It converses this objective by taking the increasing rate of agricultural land conversion in Mangupura urban area, of Badung Regency-Bali, as its case study. The study was carried out using a qualitative approach. The findings demonstrate the driving factors behind such a conversion are classified into four categories, including social, economical, environmental and regulatory forces. Learning from the dynamic of land development of Mangupura area, the study subsequently comes out with a conclusion that for efficiency and success, the strategy to control land use changes has to embrace two basic aspects of: (i) identification and clarification of instruments to regulate spatial changes, and (ii) the allocation of agency/s assigned to carry out the controlling roles. It is further emphasized that attempts to rule spatial development should take both of the aforementioned determining forces and basic aspects influencing the success of the control strategy, into account.
Keywords: conversion, agricultural land, land use control and strategy


The title compound, C10H12S8, crystallizes in a monoclinic space group with one molecule in the asymmetric unit. All bond lengths and angles in the molecule are normal. The crystal packing is stabilized by van der Waals forces.


The Local Food Movement (LFM) in the United States promotes dramatic changes in agriculture that favor environmentally and socially progressive farming. LFM participants emphasize the importance of the health of the land and the need for radical, strategic change in agricultural production. They advocate for small, diversified, organic, owner-operated or collectively owned farms that distribute food locally. These goals reference their complaints about the current agricultural system in the U.S., namely, its domination by corporate and large farms, environmentally damaging techniques, and harmful labor systems. These critiques echo the analysis done by one of the central critics of capitalist agriculture, Karl Marx. Marx decried the systematic mistreatment of workers and degradation of the soil that came from modern capitalists' increasing mechanization and privatization of agriculture.  Considering the resonance between these two platforms, this paper analyzes the LFM using Marx's criticisms of capitalist agriculture as a comparative framework with which to evaluate the effectiveness of LFM efforts. This paper focuses on the California LFM, an epicenter of the movement, as a case study and draws specifically on ethnographic insights from Bay Area LFM participants. The comparison of the LFM and Marxist approaches reveals constraints on the LFM's potential impact on U.S. agriculture and suggests that the movement is without a viable strategy for large-scale change.


To construct the recombinant SFV containing the PrM E gene, the SFV expression vector DNA, which contained the PrM E gene of Chinese dengue 2 virus, and the helper vector DNA were linearized and transcribed in vitro , respectively. Then the 2 RNA transcripts were directly coelectroporated into BHK cells. The cell supernatants were demonstrated to contain recombinant SFV virus with RT PCR. After being activated with α chymotrypsin, the recombinant virus could make BHK cells produce CPE. Furthermore, the proteins specific to dengue 2 virus could be detected in the infected cells by indirect immunofluorescence technique. The results laid a foundation for the study of the immunogenicity of the recombinant SFV virus and provided a new way to develop vaccines for dengue virus.


Thin films of CuInSe2 (CIS) were deposited on soda-lime float glass with a molybdenum back contact by means of coevaporation and Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). The resulting films have been characterized by Raman scattering, SEM (Secondary Electron Microscopy), EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). Raman analysis is a versatile tool and is particularly suited for investigations of the near surface film structure and defect chemistry. Raman measurements of indium-rich coevaporated thin films indicate an ordered defect structure. Furthermore the Raman spectra are strongly influenced by texture properties. This makes it more difficult to assess the free carrier concentration in CIS films. Raman spectra of coevaporated CIS films and films deposited by PLD are compared.


Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) is attached to open-cage fullerenes through a quinoxaline junction. The resulting linear π-conjugation system shows intense absorption in the near-infrared region. A unique o-diaminobenzene-induced furan ring formation process from a conjugated 1,4-dione moiety was observed on the rim of a 18-membered orifice.


W. M. Keck Observatory (WMKO) routinely operates laser guide star (LGS) Adaptive Optics (AO) systems at the telescope facility on the Big Island of Hawaii. One of the operational requirements for the LGS system is that a safety system to prevent nearby aircraft from being adversely affected by the laser must be provided. We will support operations in the near term with human aircraft spotters until we can successfully develop and get the appropriate approvals needed for an Automated, Integrated and Reliable System for an Aircraft Friendly Environment (AIRSAFE). This report describes some of the preliminary requirements development work at WMKO in support of the future development of AIRSAFE. We discuss the results of recent work to characterize site specific considerations that impact requirements development. The site specific considerations include the proximity of WMKO laser operations to nearby commercial airports, the implications of military operations in the area and the character of the air traffic volume and flight patterns over the telescope facility. Finally, we discuss how the design and implementation of AIRSAFE will be impacted by these site specific considerations.


This paper explores in-depth interviews on aspects of middle class identity in a neoliberal age, taking the case of Chile's rapid and stark transition to a neoliberal economic model which was imposed by a dictatorship but later reproduced during democracy. 1 The paper reveals that there are no challenges to middle class identities (eg from the working class, or peasants). In this respect, these are neo-liberal middle class identities in that their way of thinking is preconditioned by market dominance. Informed by Bourdieu's views on class identities, this article emphasises the horizontal, non-hierarchical nature of contemporary class taste, and contributes to debates on stratification and culture, settling accounts with older class theory which perceives contests between the popular and middle classes. Notwithstanding this, however, I argue that processes of horizontal differentiation do involve tensions between cultural and moral boundaries. This article therefore also offers an alternative approach for exploring how middle class identities experience processes of individualization. It is argued that individualization processes should be placed in social and ethical registers as they could be in tension with various ways of understanding authenticity: being true to oneself or to one's origins.


An apparatus is described the basic element of which is a microscope with a motor‐driven stage. The operator controls the direction and speed of motion by a steering wheel and an accelerator pedal and drives the track to be analyzed through a target. Range, grain density, and geometrical orientation of tracks, etc., are automatically recorded on charts. Methods of measurements and results are discussed.


160-P Gold Thioglucose (GTG)-Induced Obesity and T47-D KATAI NKHATA, AMITABHA RAY, SONER Mammary Tumor (MT) Development in the Presence DOGAN, JOSEPH GRANDE, MARGOT CLEARY or Absence of Estrogen in a Xenograft Model 161-P Unique Properties of Human Adenovirus 36 MILONI RATHOD, PAMELA ROGERS, Contribute to its Adipogenic Effect MAGDALENA PASARICA, NIKHIL DHURANDHAR 398-P Fatty Acids Induce Cytokine Production in WEN GUO, BARBARA CORKEY, CAROLINE M. Preadipocytes and Sensitize Cells to Apoptotic APOVIAN, SIU WONG Assault 628-P A Selenoprotein SEPSI Protects RAW 264.7 KEE-HONG KIM, AHMED KISSEBAH Macrophages From TNF-alpha-induced Cell Death Via Modulating NF-kappaB Pathway


ABSTRACT Introduction: Pegagan is a traditional medicinal plant with three major bioactive properties, triterpenoid, steroids, and saponin. It has the properties of antioxidant, antistress, and wound healing. Pegagan extract is prepared in self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) to overcome the problem of low water-solubility level. Objectives: This study aimed to observe the effect of pegagan ethanolic extract SNEDDS on the development of zebrafish embryos. Materials and Methods: This study used 12 sets of zebrafish embryos presented in five sets of extract SNEDDS with different concentrations, that is, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 μg, five sets of SNEDDS without extract with different concentrations, that is, 20, 10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 μg, a set of positive control (3.4-DCA 4 mg/L) with one control set (diluted with water), and a negative control (SNEDDS without extract). The procedure was conducted for 96 h with observations every 24 h. The parameters observed were embryonic coagulation, formation of somites, detachment of tail bud from the yolk, and abnormality of embryo Results: The results showed that in 96 h the 20ppm concentration caused 100% mortality. Embryo abnormality appeared as coagulation of embryo, somite malformation, and abnormal tail. Discussion: There is a correlation between the concentration of SNEDDS and the incidence of embryo coagulation. The malformation in the group of pegagan extract SNEDDS is characterized by cardiac edema, somite malformation, and abnormal tail. Conclusion: Pegagan ethanolic extract SNEDDS of 20ppm can inhibit the development of zebrafish embryos.


In this paper,using three-dimensional software to draw a precise model of the pantograph,then it is imported into ADAMS.Using ANSYS software to mesh the mechanical spring and contact networks,makes them to become flexible bodies.Next,the three-dimensional simulative model involved pantograph,catenary is set up in ADAMS.Through the simulation of the software,dynamic data can be acquired,and through the co-simulation of ADAMS and Matlab/simulink,active control can be researched.


Plant disease Resistance ( R ) genes enable plants to recognize specific pathogens that carry corresponding Avirulence ( Avr ) genes and, upon recognition, initiate defense signaling pathways that result in disease resistance. There are five generally recognized classes of proteins encoded by plant


This study was carried out to investigate the whitening effect of mycelial culture broth of P. japonica in the mixture of cucumber and grape extracts. In the inhibition test of melanin biosynthesis of melanoma cell, B16BL6, the culture broth of P. japonica more then 50 μl/ml (5%) concentration inhibited the melanin biosynthesis of the cell entirely without cytotoxicity. More then 10 days incubation of P. japonica in the mixture was required to have the inhibition activity. In vitro inhibition test of melanin biosynthesis of the culture broth of P. japonica was investigated in the concentration dependent manner of 10% to 50%. 30% concentration of the culture broth inhibited completely tyrosinase activity. In the cytotoxicity test, cucumber and grape extract itself has a strong cytotoxicity to the melanoma cell, B16Bl6. The value of IC?? of the cucumber and grape extracts against the melanoma cells was 5% concentration. However, the culture broth of P. japonica incubated in the cucumber and grape extracts did not show the cytotoxcity up to 20% against melanoma cell, B16BL6. Therefore, we concluded that the culture broth of P. japonica in the mixture of cucumber and grape extracts can be used as a whitening cosmetic resource.


Architecture generally has been considered as a resulted formation with various functions. For further understanding, the architecture has been suggested to be realized as media to support the operation of human body, human mind and human society in this paper. Basic consideration of media developed in the autopoietic social system theory by Niklas Luhmann has been introduced and compared with five viewpoints of architectural value judgments. It is concluded that a following kind of fields, material space, functional spaces, imaginal spaces, specialized areas, meaningful places can produce the value of architecture by media-effects.


To improve the macro performance of the Ad hoc networks,reduce the average latency and balance the load of the gateway node,the performance of clustering algorithms was analyzed and special algorithm for special case picked up.A mathematic model was firstly established for 3 typical clustering algorithms.Then the complexity and the performance ratio of the 3 algorithms were analysed and compared,and the piecemerge algorithm was specially discussed.The analysis indicated the piece-merge algorithm was better.Finally,these algorithms were evaluated by simulation,which demonstrates that the performance of piece-merge algorithm is better than that of the other two algorithms.This result also verifies the conclusion of the theoretical analysis.


Biological immune theory was studied deeply and applied widely in the field of computer safety. Multi-properties match algorithm is presented and applied in NIDS by introducing G-T algorithm and linear-time algorithm based on biological immune theory. The experiment indicates that the optimized algorithm not only solves the inefficient problem of G-T algorithm creating detector, but also overcomes the shortcomings of linear-time algorithm on processing big l and r slowly and needing big space.


The requirements of ANSI Z136.1 (Section 220.127.116.11) specifies that a Class 4 laser controlled area shall incorporate one of the following alternatives: • Non-Defeatable (non-override) Area or Entryway Safety Controls • Defeatable Area or Entryway Safety Controls • Procedural Area or Entryway Safety Controls This presentation will examine all of these alternatives. Specific examples will be shown of area interlocking options including both entryway and laser barrier interlocking methods.An area interlock interface for entryway and/or laser protective barriers will be discussed with sample circuits and function.Procedural area or entryway safety controls will be received with a discussion of training requirements, laser protective barriers and/or protective windows and entryway warning signs and lights.The requirements of ANSI Z136.1 (Section 184.108.40.206) specifies that a Class 4 laser controlled area shall incorporate one of the following alternatives: • Non-Defeatable (non-override) Area or Entryway Safety Controls • Defeatable Area or Entryway Safety Controls • Procedural Area or Entryway Safety Controls This presentation will examine all of these alternatives. Specific examples will be shown of area interlocking options including both entryway and laser barrier interlocking methods.An area interlock interface for entryway and/or laser protective barriers will be discussed with sample circuits and function.Procedural area or entryway safety controls will be received with a discussion of training requirements, laser protective barriers and/or protective windows and entryway warning signs and lights.


The development of education and schooling in modern times emerged from the priorities of religion and politics in the sixteenth‐century transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance and Reformation. Subsequently, liberal ideas about the maintenance and advancement of life on earth fostered a new dualism, between educational science and politics. The development of modern schooling was implicated in these changes; and different trajectories of 'great' (or systematic) and 'small' (or schoolroom) didactics, open and closed curricula, heavenly and temporal salvation became part of the modernist, nation‐related project. The advent of transnational, globalised regimes since the end of the nineteenth century, however, has gradually created a new political agenda for schooling. To understand this agenda, it may be useful to return to past circumstances and, in the process, clarify perceptions of the future.


Was the white working class ever "on top"?
 Given their smaller numbers, diminished resources, and lack of political clout, the fact that white working-class people still feel a sense of status demonstrates that this status is more ideological than real. This ideology follows naturally from...


A substrate mounting table is disposed in a processing chamber for performing a plasma process on a substrate and includes at least one power feed part formed of an insulating material surrounding a power feed line and a cooling medium path. The substrate mounting table further includes a protrusion portion for dividing a space formed on a substrate mounting surface of the mounting table into regions, inlet ports through which cooling gases are introduced into the regions divided by the protrusion portion, and a controller for controlling pressures or flow rates of the cooling gases.


Present study consists the physical characteristics of the coastal water within small bay of Chagar Hutang at Redang Island. Temperature distributions in the bay were in the range of 27.9 30.5°C. Surface current split into two directions, directed to northwest and southeast in diurnal timescale, while bottom current directed to northeast and southwest. Surface water maximum speed recorded was 0.48 m/s and bottom water maximum speed was 0.16 m/s. Tidal current of the study area is of mixed-diurnal tide.


In this paper we report a time-lagged study over six months analyzing the indirect effect of protean career orientation on changes in job satisfaction and turnover intention via goal progress. Spec...


We performed a prospective multi‐centre study using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to better characterize the relationships between clinical expression and brain function in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) at eight European sites (56 MS patients and 60 age‐matched, healthy controls). Patients showed greater task‐related activation bilaterally in brain regions including the pre‐ and post‐central, inferior and superior frontal, cingulate and superior temporal gyri and insula (P < 0.05, all statistics corrected for multiple comparisons). Both patients and healthy controls showed greater brain activation with increasing age in the ipsilateral pre‐central and inferior frontal gyri (P < 0.05). Patients, but not controls, showed greater brain activation in the anterior cingulate gyrus and the bilateral ventral striatum (P < 0.05) with less hand dexterity. An interaction between functional activation changes in MS and age was found. This large fMRI study over a broadly selected MS patient population confirms that movement for patients demands significantly greater cognitive 'resource allocation' and suggests age‐related differences in brain responses to the disease. These observations add to evidence that brain functional responses (including potentially adaptive brain plasticity) contribute to modulation of clinical expression of MS pathology and demonstrate the feasibility of a multi‐site functional MRI study of MS.


Forecasting is an extremely important function for any type of business, in service andmanufacturing sector as well. Forecasting can never be perfect as there are many fluctuatingfactors which affect the demand from the customers. Output produced without forecasting can eover production or shortage, and both these cases are creating financial losses for anyorganizations. There are many scientific methods to predict the demand which are termed asdemand forecasting methods. This paper is a case study from a manufacturing company where ademand forecasting and capacity planning techniques are applied successfully


In a case of an old poliomyelitis reported by one of us, 1 the bones of the lower extremities exhibited changes that almost paralleled those in the peripheral nerves and muscles involved. The paralysis in that case was of thirty-seven years' duration. In a second case here recorded, the duration of the paralysis was fifty-nine years and affected only one lower extremity. REPORT OF CASE History. —A man, aged 61, was admitted to the neurologic service (Dr. Hassin), March 2, 1925, on account of a left sided hemiplegia and weakness in the right lower extremity. He had been a patient of Cook County Hospital in 1918, suffering from weakness and numbness in the right upper extremity. After six weeks he was discharged and was in his usual health until four days prior to his second admission to the hospital, when he suffered an apoplectic stroke. His mother told him that


S: Agroflorestry system terminology has not been well discussed. This paper aims to present an uniform terminology for agroforestry systems, based on the system theory.


A fully integrated merged 400-Mb/s clock data recovery (CDR) local oscillator (LO) generation circuit that provides both a 24-GHz local oscillation signal for an up-conversion mixer in a transmitter and a 400-MHz sampling clock for an ADC in a receiver for a crystalless wireless transceiver is demonstrated. The phase noise of the 24-GHz LO signal is -89 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset for a 400-Mb/s pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) 231 - 1 input. This first report of phase noise for a CDR is more than acceptable for amplitude shift-keying wireless communication systems with a square-law detector that is immune to the phase noise. The jitter of 400-MHz recovered clock is 2.6-ps rms (0.1% UI) for a PRBS 231 - 1 input. The jitter performance is the best among the similar data rate (~400 Mb/s) CDRs. The CDR bit error rate is less than 10-13.


Because of the small size of the ratio A_2/A_0 of the I=2 to I=0 K -> pipi decay amplitudes (the Delta I=1/2 rule) the effects of electromagnetism on A_2 may be a factor of 20 larger than given by a naive O(alpha) estimate. Thus, if future calculations of A_2 and epsilon'/epsilon are to achieve 10% accuracy, these effects need to be included. Here we present the first steps toward including electromagnetism in a calculation of the standard model K -> pipi decay amplitudes using lattice QCD.