Environmental stresses can trigger the activation and amplification of retrotransposons (retroTEs) in eukaryotes. The mobilization of retroTEs via their characteristic copy and paste mechanism, known to induce (epi)genetic diversity, is one the major drivers of genome evolution in plants and possibly most eukaryotes. Due to their potential as powerful mediators of adaptation to different environmental conditions, retroTEs are increasingly gaining attention as an endogenous genetic resource that could be harnessed for plant breeding. However, as transposition can also lead to detrimental mutations, retroTE mobility is normally limited by sophisticated silencing pathways implemented by their hosts.
In this work, I uncover the role of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) as a key regulator of retroTE-activity. By using two different inhibitors that specifically target the initiation of TE-silencing in plants, I was able to mobilize a stress responsive retroTE in Arabidopsis and thus opened up the so far sealed (epi)genetic resource of retroTEs for plant breeding. Due to the observation that the treatment with the two inhibitors also mobilized a retroTE in the distantly related rice crop, I conclude that this approach could in principle be used to mobilize retroTEs in virtually any plant. Besides major advances in the field of epigenetics and retroTE- silencing, this work indeed provides the basis for a completely new approach that has also been patented and already commercialized in a start-up company. Thus, the second part of this thesis is thematically situated at the interface of science & innovation and science & policy. The described measures taken to communicate and discuss this new breeding approach form the basis for the futures public debate on the topic.


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier modulation (MCM) technique that divides the wide bandwidth into parallel narrow bands, each of which is modulated by orthogonal subcarriers. Currently, OFDM is a high-spectral efficiency modulation technique that is used in a variety of wired and wireless applications. The transmitted signal in a wireless communication channel spreads from transmitter to receiver through multiple reflective paths. This triggers multipath fading, which causes variations in the received signal's amplitude and phase. Slow/fast and frequency-selective/frequency-nonselective are the main types of multipath fading channels. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed new models for modeling multipath fading channels, such as the exponential fading channel and the Gamma fading channel. In addition, new bit-error-rate (BER) derivations have been derived. The performance of the OFDM system over proposed channel models has been evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulation and compared to the Rayleigh fading channel model. The obtained results via simulations show that the exponential fading channel at a rate parameter (λ=0.5) outperforms the Rayleigh fading channel by 6 dB for all values of Eb/No, while the Gamma fading channel at (α=2) outperforms the Rayleigh fading channel by 3 dB for all values of Eb/No.


The utility model relates to a fan used for drying equipment. A fan used for a fruit/vegetable belt type dryer comprises a shell body, a motor and a fan impeller. The fan is characterized in that: the motor is arranged at one side of the shell body, and an air inlet is arranged on the other side of the shell body relative to the motor; the air inlet is communicated with the shell body. The upper part of a drying cavity is an air outlet; a fan port is connected with a heat exchanger of a hot-air cycle drying device through the fan shell body during use. A fan drainage device is arranged on the shell body under the fan. The shell body is provided with an exhaust pipe. The advantages are as follows: the fan for connecting the heat exchanger and two air-outlet air cavities for exhausting replaces an air inlet fan system, an exhaust fan system and a tail-gas recovery system; and the fan has advantages of simple structure, small occupied space, easy control and low cost.


<jats:p>Orientifold <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>p</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>-planes
with <jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>p\le 4</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>
have fractional D<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>p</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>-charges,
and therefore appear inconsistent with Dirac quantization with respect
to D<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>(6{-}p)</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mo stretchy="false" form="prefix">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>6</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false" form="postfix">)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>-branes.
We explain in detail how this issue is resolved by taking into account
the anomaly of the worldvolume fermions using the
<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>\eta</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>η</mml:mi></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>
invariants. We also point out relationships to the classification of
interacting fermionic symmetry protected topological phases. In an
appendix, we point out that the duality group of type IIB string theory
is the  pin<jats:inline-formula><jats:alternatives><jats:tex-math>^+</jats:tex-math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi /><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:math></jats:alternatives></jats:inline-formula>
version of the double cover of GL(2,Z).</jats:p>


Microlensing distant stars by non-compact objects such as neutralino stars is considered. Recently Gurevich and Zybin considered the objects as microlenses. Using the non-singular density distribution we analyze microlensing by non-compact objects. We obtain the analytical solutions of the gravitational lens equation and the analytical expression for the amplification factor of the gravitational lens. We show that using the model of microlensing by non-compact objects it is possible to interpret microlensing event candidates having two typical maximums of light curves which are usually interpreted as binary microlenses.


A project report submitted to Directorate of Research and Graduate Training in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Science in Data
Communication and Software Engineering of Makerere University.


The world is on a path to ward unsustainability which af fects all living beings. As career development practitioners, we have a responsibility to be capa ble of helping clients consider and integrate a holistic concept of sustainability into their career de cision-making when they call upon us for such assistance. The environment may be the highest priority concern but it is also time to go beyond just "green careers" to think about sustainability in the broad sense. This article ana lyzes the current state of green careers, proposes a model for clients to assess sustainability-en hancing career options, examines related growth opportunities, and calls on career development prac titioners to be part of the sustain ability solution in bringing these considerations to the forefront. "The world we have created is structurally and chronically, but not incurably, unsustainable." Laszlo (2009)


Introduction: Measurement and evaluation are two inter-related issues in education. While measurement defines the identification of the quality with the numbers or other symbols, evaluation defines the decision making process regarding the expected level of knowledge and attitude vohich has been achieved or not. Measurement is also used to make valid and reliable decisions in education. Logical and statistical analysis is needed to understand whether the test of measurement is compatible with the educational aims, so the evaluation might be equitable and reliable. That means the analysis of the evaluation tool provides whether educational aims are achieved and the quality of the measurement and evaluation tool is enough or not. Our aim was to present our method providing fast and easily accessible analysis of the multiple choice questions via informatic technology and to share our experience regarding this subject. Methods: A WEB module was developed to carry the output of a software that has been used for question bank project to provide fast and easily accessible analysis of the tests to the instructors and students by the Department of Medical Education and Informatics to utilize the measurement and evaluation activities in Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine. Data are carried from the Sybase Database of "Sinavmatik" software to the Oracle database -where the WEB module works in- via the key field of examination number. The results of their examinations are also sent to the students via e-mail. The instructors are sent the results of the students that they make their counseling. WEB module provides the data to access the students and instructors via internet by password. Conclusion: Informatic technology is beneficial to analyze the reliability of the examinations. Question Bank Information System that could not be previously achieved because of the practical problems in the analyses of the multiple choice questions was started in Karadeniz Technical University School of Medicine and proved to be easily accessible.


Use of Decision Support Systems (SPK) can help someone in making decisions that are accurate and right on target. Many problems can be solved by using SPK. This study aims to design SPK with SAW Method for the determination of English instructors. This system utilizes criteria and weights. There are 6 main criteria for gauges. Based on the SPK analysis using the SAW method the results of performance effectiveness are obtained. Based on the SAW method the effectiveness of the determination of the English instructor is influenced by many factors that are the criteria of the decision support system.


The study develops an analytical model of an optimized small scale refrigeration system using a thermo-chemical compressor, with application to the cooling of the electronic components populating a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) in a High-Power Microelectronics System. This work continues the authors' previous study of a refrigeration system with mechanical compression and ejector compression [1–3]. However, the present study introduces the thermo-chemical compressor, comprised of an absorber-desorber unit, also known as refrigeration with absorption. This is a viable alternative to the mechanical compression systems, providing an improved feasibility and reliability at smaller scales. The proposed system includes miniaturized refrigeration components, designed to fit smaller scale power electronics, and uses a binary water-ammonia solution, compact heat exchangers with meso-channels and hydrogen as compensation gas in order to eliminate the circulation pump. The efficiency of the system is evaluated and further compared to mechanical compression designs at similar cooling powers. The study also discusses the thermodynamic cycle specifics and provides an extensive analytical evaluation and calculation of each miniaturized component design. The COP of the system is ∼ 0.4 – 0.5. The study is concluded by identifying the pros and cons of implementing such an absorption system to real-life microelectronics applications. The advantages of the optimized refrigeration design are highlighted, establishing a performance vs. size comparison to vapor-compression refrigerators, to serve as the basis for the enhanced cooling of future miniaturized refrigeration applications.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


This annotated bibliography was compiled to accompany the Biologic Overview for the Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, EG and G, Santa Barbara Operations Report No. EGG 1183-2443, which documents and synthesizes important biotic information related to Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations (NNWSI). As such, it is an important part of the NNWSI screening process that was designed to include a systematic, traceable, defensible, and documented basis for a decision to proceed or not with site-specific phases on NTS. Included are all published, and available but unpublished, baseline information on life histories, habitat requirements, distributions, and ecological relationships of the flora and fauna of the region. Special effort was made to include information on endangered, threatened, or sensitive species. 131 references.


The celebrated GKYP is widely used in integer-order control system. However, when it comes to the fractional order system, there exists no such tool to solve problems. This paper prove the FGKYP which can be used in the analysis of problems in fractional order system. The $H_\infty$ and $L_\infty$ of fractional order system are analysed based on the FGKYP.


Without the ability to read fluently with comprehension there is a downward spiral of poor educational achievement and career prospects. Dyslexia is therefore a major problem for society and a key question is whether it is possible to intervene early to ameliorate its impact. Studies following the development of children at family-risk of dyslexia reveal that it is associated with language delays and speech difficulties in the pre-school years before reading instruction begins. Literacy outcomes for children depend not only on the risk factors that predispose to reading difficulties but also on protective factors which mitigate the risk. Together current evidence places dyslexia on a continuum with other language learning impairments.


In this paper, fuzzy concepts are used in order to realize road pixels extraction. The aim of the proposed algorithms is to attribute a road membership value to each pixel. A set of twelve fuzzy sets representing basic 2D road structures is first defined. The road structure, defined as a logical concatenation of these elementary predefined 2D structures, is then used in order to enhance the road membership values. The proposed approach is applied using a georeferenced SPOT panchromatic image acquired on August 1989 and representing the municipality of Charlesbourg, Quebec, Canada. Obtained results are encouraging in terms of detected road validity as well as in terms of noise resistance.


We describe high power 70 W CW operation at 52 V drain bias voltage (Vds) using 24-mm gate-periphery AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC substrate. A 48 W output power with the drain efficiency of 60% was also obtained at Vds of 50 V under the efficiency-matched condition near class-B. At 40 V, the drain efficiency reached 68%. Vds dependence of third order-intermodulation (IM3) was also characterized at Vds up to 50 V. This is the first report about IM3 profile characterization for a large gate-periphery device at Vds of 50 V. We also investigated RF-stress life test at Vds up to 40 V. The AlGaN/GaN HEMT in this study exhibited good reliability over 100 h.


Class imbalance is the major hurdle for machine learning-based systems. Data set is the backbone of machine learning and must be studied to handle the class imbalance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of class imbalance on the data sets. The proposed methodology determines the model accuracy for class distribution. To find possible solutions, the behaviour of an imbalanced data set was investigated. The study considers two case studies with data set divided balanced to unbalanced class distribution. Testing of the data set with trained and test data was carried out for standard machine learning algorithms. Model accuracy for class distribution was measured with the training data set. Further, the built model was tested with individual binary class. Results show that, for the improvement of the system performance, it is essential to work on class imbalance problems. The study concludes that the system produces biased results due to the majority class. In the future, the multiclass imbalance problem can be studied using advanced algorithms.


The invention discloses a cloud resource access control method based on a dynamic cross-domain security token. The method includes that 1) an access agent is preset on a cloud resource service providing party and requests a dynamic security token for each dynamic temporary user to the cloud resource providing party; 2) the cloud resource providing party generates the dynamic security token, sets the access strategy and transmits the strategy to the dynamic temporary users; 3) a sharing secrete key is respectively set between each dynamic temporary user and the cloud resource providing party; 4) the dynamic temporary users conduct signing on the access request through the sharing secrete key and transmit the authentication request news to the cloud resource providing party; and 5) the cloud resource providing party conducts signing on the authentication request news through the sharing secrete key, authentication passes if signatures are identical, the access strategy of the dynamic security token and the access agent is judged, and the access request of the dynamic temporary users is responded according to judgment results. The method achieves the high-efficiency cross-domain authentication mechanism and is high in judgment efficiency.


Abstract Reducing the customer's risk of down time is becoming increasingly important in the support of industrial and consumer durable equipment, whether sold or leased. Traditionally, improved support has meant improvements in diagnosis, repair, and spare part availability. However, these approaches eventually have diminishing returns. In many cases, dedicated loaners can be cost effective in eliminating or reducing down time. In this paper, models are developed to examine the trade-offs involved in decisions about loaners. Alternative loan policies are discussed, and the application of these policies is illustrated.


ABSTRACT In order to explore whether STEAM education in combination with elementary school curriculums can help students' learning performance, this study developed a digital learning system. This digital learning system combined STEAM concepts with elements of gamebased learning. This study developed the curriculum content based on the unit of transportation vehicles and presented it in a digital learning manner. In the experiment, the students were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group students were given the system developed in this study to assist their learning, and the control group students the lecturer-centered narrative curriculum. The study results show that the experimental group was superior to the control group in learning effectiveness. In the aspect of cognitive load, the cognitive load generated by the experimental group in their learning activities was also lower than that of the control group. By classifying students according to their learning styles, the visual type students had better learning effectiveness than the verbal type students when learning through the system developed by this graduate institute. As for the sequential type and global type students learning with the system developed, there were no significant differences in their learning effectiveness.


Abstract Communication issues and social idiosyncrasies create barriers to the inclusion of people with severe (nonverbal) autism into standard societal expectations. This paper reports the results of a study that explored the spirituality of this group, who are unable to express typical religious/spiritual understanding. Participants revealed a sophisticated and deeply considered spirituality. Despite misconceptions that they are unintelligent and incapable/unwilling to connect with others, participants also demonstrated an astute intelligence and desire to meaningfully participate in society. The need for support and care inclusive of appropriate participation for this population in faith communities and in the broader community is highlighted.


Objective: The purpose of this study is to study laboratory indicators for the identification of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) severity. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science for literature that was published before May 2022. The main results are presented as forest plots. Subgroup analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias were also performed. Results: Our study indicated that white blood cells (WBC) (95%CI: 0.205–0.778), blood glucose (95%CI: 0.505–0.778), lymphocytes (95%CI: 0.072–0.239), creatinine (95%CI: 0.024–0.228), interleukin (IL)-2 (95%CI: 0.192–1.642), IL-6 (95%CI: 0.289–0.776), IL-8 (95%CI: 0.499–0.867), IL-10 (95%CI: 0.226–0.930), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (95%CI: 0.193–2.584), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (95%CI: 1.078–2.715), and creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CK-MB) (95%CI: 0.571–1.459) were associated with an increased risk of HFMD severity, and the results of the sensitivity analysis of these indicators were stable and free of publication bias. Conclusions: Our results suggest that various deleterious immune and metabolic changes can increase the risk of HFMD severity, which can provide a basis for predicting the prognosis and useful evidence for clinicians to manage patients efficiently.


This note presents a formal argument why it is impossible to give a least fixpoint semantics for McCarthy's amb [3] that discriminates programs with different divergence behaviour and satisifies some equational axioms.


We present in this paper a new 3-D subband coding method with low complexity, high performance, and features that facilitate channel error resilience. Four variations of the coder are discussed: one employing an octave band decomposition: one using the discrete cosine transforms (DCT) and two using lapped transforms. The base coder uses generalized adaptive quantization to code the subbands. Good performance at high compression ratios is obtained without traditional motion compensated prediction. Furthermore, these performance improvements can be realized without the use of entropy coding, which can make the system attractive for operation in error prone environments. Experimental results have shown that the subband video coder and its variations are able to achieve significant performance improvements over MPEG-2.


The existence of a wide range of magnetic resonance techniques makes magnetic resonance a versatile method to investigate different aspects of food quality in terms of composition, phase, and structural defects. This article reviews the use of magnetic resonance techniques, high-resolution and low-resolution NMR, and MRI in measurement of quality of food from fresh to processed products. Example are given on the use of high-resolution NMR spectroscopy in chemical composition profiling of fruit juice, wine, coffee, olive oil, and some solid food for food authentication and compound detection. The application of low-resolution NMR to moisture content and solid-liquid ratio measurement is described. Moreover, recent developments and problems in employing MRI in quality assurance of liquid products, fruit, and vegetable are discussed.

Keywords:

food authentication;
fruit juice;
oil;
moisture content;
fat;
solid-liquid ratio;
spoilage;
fruit;
vegetable;
chemometrics;
motion


This paper discusses various options for reforming fiscal governance in the Eurozone. We focus on two possible reform approaches referred to as the 'Maastricht model' and the 'US model'. The Maastricht model implies that ultimate responsibility for economic and fiscal policy remains at the national level. The US model, by contrast, calls for the development of much stronger European institutions. In both cases some degree of policy coordination, a European Banking Union and insolvency procedures for sovereigns are indispensable. We discuss the challenges and trade-offs involved and argue that certain elements of the two approaches which combine increased risk sharing with increased market discipline and risk reduction could be combined to achieve a more resilient and economically successful Eurozone.


A survey of serum samples from all age groups in the population has shown a rapid acquisition of antibody between the ages of 1 and 6 years which reaches a plateau in concentration and does not disappear later. The concentration of antibody in cord serum may be four or more times greater than that in the mother's serum. Presence or absence of a record of past infection by measles is not necessarily reflected by the titre of antibody in the serum. Low antibody titres in very young infants may be due to an imperfectly developed antibody producing mechanism. The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of all those who made this survey possible. In particular, she is indebted to Dr G. I. Watson of the College of General Practitioners and his colleagues (see list) for their help in the collection of so many of the serum samples, and to Mr D. A. Bamgboye for his excellent technical assistance.


Sir Thomas Middleton played an important part in the remarkable development of agricultural research, education and advisory work which took place in this country from 1894 onwards. He was supremely well fitted for the task, for he came of a long line of farmers on his father's side, and his mother's people also had close connexions with the land. His ancestry was typical of that of many British agriculturists, for farming is as nearly an hereditary occupation as any in this country.


The acid tunnel wastewater from a non-ferrous mine, after treated by lime, can reach the industrial effluent standard, and the negotiable metal ions in the wastewater are retrieved. But there are some problems in the practical process: the production is unstable and the technological process is difficult for industrialization. Our research adopted a two-step method, which can make the wastewater treatment process more simple. The two-stage-refluence leaching technical process is easy to operate, and the experimental targets are stable. Not only the negotiablemetal metal ions are retrieved, but the grade of the retrieved products is improved. The method also has no secondary pollution.


This multi-method analysis examines how power and authority are portrayed through the characters in The Walking Dead. Five seasons of the show were analyzed to determine the characteristics of those in power. Dialogue is important in understanding how the leaders came to power and how they interact with the people in the group who have no authority. The physical characteristics of the leaders were also examined to better understand who was likely to be in a position of power. In the episodes in the sample, leaders fit into a specific demographic. Most who are portrayed as having authority over the others are Caucasian, middle-aged men, though other characters often show equivalent leadership potential. Women are depicted as incompetent leaders and vulnerable, and traditional gender roles are largely maintained. Findings show that male conformity was most prevalent overall, though instances did decrease over the course of five seasons. Instances of female nonconformity increased over time, while female conformity and male nonconformity remained relatively level throughout.


Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of exon 8 of the GHR gene were detected in Chinese Holstein cows by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results showed that exon 8 of the GHR gene digested by Tas I could be divided into two kinds of alleles and three kinds of genotypes. The frequencies of allele A and T were 0.6339 and 0.3661, respectively. The frequencies of genotypes AA, AT and TT were 0.459, 0.350 and 0.191, respectively. Sequencing showed one single nucleotide mutation T→A at 4962 bp of the gene in genotype TT when compared with genotype AA, and this mutation resulted in an amino acid change of phenylalanine (TTT)→tyrosine (TAT). The result of χ 2 testing indicated that the genotypic frequency of the GHR gene digested by Tas I did not fit with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in this population ( P P


At present a comprehensive verification of the fuel rod performance code TRANSURANUS is being performed using irradiation data from the International Fuel Performance Experiments (IFPE) Database and the OECD Halden Reactor Project. For this verification standard models and options are applied. Recent developments have concentrated on high-burn-up phenomena, such as the local thermal conductivity and the local porosity in the High Burn-up Structure (HBS). In this paper, fuel centre temperatures are calculated by the TRANSURANUS code with standard options and compared with measured temperatures, under steady-state conditions. More than 40 000 data points have been analyzed in total. They cover UO 2 fuel (both for Western-type LWR and for Russian-type VVER) and MOX fuel for LWR. It is shown that the vast majority of fuel centre temperatures predicted by the TRANSURANUS code deviates from the measured values by less than 10 %. For all standard fuel configurations the actual deviations are considerably smaller. The spread is of the same order of magnitude as the uncertainties in the measurements (due to power calibration and thermocouple calibration). The present analysis does not reveal any general bias. It can be concluded that under the studied conditions the TRANSURANUS code predictions of the fuel centre temperatures are very satisfactory.


Reactive and redistributional thrombocytosis is a well-known postsplenectomy occurrence .Usually it is transient and it rarely reaches extreme levels. We report a rare case of haemolytic anaemia where splenectomy was carried out following trauma to a massively enlarged spleen and was followed by extreme sustained thrombocytosis associated with extensive portal, splenic and mesenteric vein thrombosis despite standard antithrombotic prophylaxis.


The characteristics of nip-type a-Si:H thin film solar cells based on DNA-CTMA biopolymer was investigated. The DNA-CTMA was used as the buffer layer in nip-type a-Si:H solar cell. The Eopt of the DNA-CTMA biopolymer was measured with UV-VIS spectrometer. The Eopt of DNA-CTMA was determined as 3.96 eV by the plot of (Ahν)2 versus hν. All films of amorphous materials were deposited by PECVD method. The solar cell with a simple structure of glass/ITO/n-a-Si:H/i-a-Si:H/p-a-Si:H/DNA-CTMA/Al was fabricated. The various values of Voc, Jsc, FF, and conversion efficiency η were measured under 100 mW/cm2 (AM 1.5) solar simulator irradiation. Consequently, the resulting in solar cell showed an enhancement in conversion efficiency η compared to conventional nip-type a-Si:H solar cell without buffer layer of DNA-CTMA biopolymer.


Sand detrital modes of Albian–Eocene clastic gravity-flow deposits cored and recovered at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1276 reflect the postrift geologic evolution of the Newfoundland passive continental margin. Cretaceous sandstone compositions (average: Q57F23L20; Ls%Lsc = 35; total%bioclasts = 3) are consistent with a source on Grand Banks such as Avalon Uplift. Their relatively low potassium feldspar (Qm71K8P21) contents distinguish them from Iberian sandstones and appear to preclude an easterly source during the early history of the ocean basin. Isolated volcaniclastic input near the Paleocene/Eocene boundary (~60 Ma) at Site 1276 is also present in Iberian samples of this age, suggesting that magmatism was widespread across the North Atlantic during this time frame; the source(s) of this volcanic debris remains equivocal. In the Eocene, the development of carbonate bank facies on the shelf marks a profound compositional change to calcareous grainstones (average: Q27F11L62; Ls%Lsc = 82; total%bioclasts = 55) in basinal gravity-flow deposits at Site 1276. This calcareous petrofacies is present on the Iberian margin and in the Pyrenees, suggesting that it was a regional event. The production and downslope redistribution of carbonate 1Marsaglia, K.M., Pavia, J.A., and Maloney, S.J., 2007. Petrology and provenance of Eocene–Albian sandstones and grainstones recovered during ODP Leg 210: implications for passive margin (rift-to-drift) sandstone provenance models. In Tucholke, B.E., Sibuet, J.-C., and Klaus, A. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 210: College Station, TX (Ocean Drilling Program), 1–47. doi:10.2973/odp.proc.sr.210.107.2007 2Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Northridge CA 91330-8266, USA. Correspondence author: email@example.com Initial receipt: 13 January 2006 Acceptance: 31 August 2006 Web publication: 18 June 2007 Ms 210SR-107 K.M. MARSAGLIA ET AL. PETROLOGY AND PROVENANCE OF SANDSTONES AND GRAINSTONES 2 debris, including bioclastic and lithic fragments, was likely eustatically controlled. The Newfoundland (Site 1276 and Jeanne d'Arc Basin) sandstones are mainly quartzolithic. Their composition and the contrast in composition between them and more quartzofeldspathic sandstones from the Iberian margin are likely a product of rifting along a Paleozoic suture zone separating distinct basement terranes. This prerift geologic setting contrasts with that of rifts developed within other cratonic settings with variable amounts of synrift volcanism. When synthesized, the spectrum of synrift and postrift sand compositions produces a general model of passive margin (rift-to-drift) sandstone provenance.


The present invention provides the identification and characterization of KID3 is an epitope associated with the disease and cancer. The present invention is a family of monoclonal antibodies that bind to KID3, further provides methods of diagnosing and treating cancer and diseases of various human expressing KID3. An object of the present invention is to identify the antagonists can inhibit disease-related activity of human KID3. Another object is for use in an assay KID3, it is to provide a novel compound for selecting for use as immunogens and anti-human KID3 antibody.


Abstract First-feeding Arctic char Salvelinus alpinus were subjected to two different photoperiods (light conditions at latitude 43°28′N [normal] and 24 h of continuous light) and two different feeding schedules (fed only during the natural photoperiod [normal] and 24-h continuous feeding) for 12 weeks. Arctic char subjected to 24 h of continuous light and continuous feed availability had a significantly lower cumulative mortality (P < 0.05) and higher mean final weights (P < 0.05) without an accompanying increase in within-treatment variability compared with fish raised in either ambient photoperiods or under restricted feeding regimens. These results indicate potential commercial benefits associated with extended photoperiod and feeding regimens for the culture of juvenile Arctic char.


Compared with plane fracture problem, elastic-plastic fracture problem of stiffened plate under bending has its particularity and inevitability for research, and its essence is a three-dimensional fracture mechanics problem. The aim of this paper is to develop a method to analyze bending elastic-plastic fracture of stiffened plates with crack in plate based on Dugdale model, combined with the Paris displacement formula and generalized variational principle, and the three-dimensional fracture problem is transformed into a two-dimensional problem. The Paris displacement formula and generalized variational principle are applied to calculate the displacement of a stiffened plate with central-through crack under uniaxial moment and yield strength in plastic zone. By discretizing stiffened plate into stiffener and plate, the generalized variational principle is combined with deformation compatibility equation to define the node shearing effect of the stiffener. Numerical simulation is carried out by finite element software ANSYS, a procedure for determination of crack-tip plastic zone and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) has been proposed for stiffened plates with different stiffness, allowing for the existence of a central through crack in the plate, the results from the theoretical model are compared with those of the finite element results. The validity of the developed method is demonstrated by comparing with the FEM results in an illustrative example. It is found that the results from the method agree well with those from the FEM. It is shown that the theoretical model results are reliable compared with those from FEM. The model well reflects the fracture behavior of stiffened plate and the anti-crack property of stiffener; the results have important significance in the low cycle fatigue research on hull structures.


ABSTRACT The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 (specifically Section 404) requires management to assess the effectiveness of internal financial controls and instructs auditors to report on whether the controls are adequate or have material weaknesses. The Sarbanes Oxley Act ("SOX") has increased the focus on internal audit departments as a key partner in assisting management and the board of directors (especially audit committees) in fulfilling their corporate governance activities. Using a questionnaire, we conducted a study of chief audit executives (CAEs) within the insurance industry to obtain their perspectives on the impact and effect of SOX on their departments and profession. We were primarily interested in their involvement in the initial implementation and ongoing SOX compliance efforts, and any change in their departments ' missions. We were also interested in the CAEs opinions on the role of internal audit in the future especially in light of SOX. We received feedback from 35 (35.4 percent) CAEs representing organizations and audit departments of various sizes. The results showed that most internal audit departments were impacted by SOX in that they allocated significant resources to assist management in the initial Section 404 compliance efforts. The CAEs expected to expend similar efforts on futur e compliance efforts. Some departments also increased their mission to include corporate governance activities such as reviewing the company's ethics and business conduct and legal and regulatory compliance; areas not previously included in audit plans. CAEs could not fully articulate the future role of internal audit andno clear vision was provided. Responses received included expecting the function to remain unchanged, assisting management and the board of directors in corporate governance activities, and becoming more involved in enterprise risk management efforts. Clearly internal audit departments were impacted by SOX and their missions continue to change to address emerging risks in the organization. However, the future role of internal auditwas not clear perhaps because organizations continue to adjust to the new regulation. We recommend that researchers continue to focus on understanding changes in the internal audit function within organizations and its continuing evolution in response to SOX and other regulations. INTRODUCTION The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 ("the Act" or "SOX") was enacted into law by the United States Congress because of a number of corporate failures which questioned the value of the financial statement audit. SOX apply to all Securities and Exchange registrants (i.e., public companies) and their external auditors. The key sections of the law includes requirements for (a) the establishment of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board or PCAOB, (b) Auditor Independence, (c) Corporate Responsibility, and (d) Enhanced Financial Disclosures. The enhanced financial disclosures as noted in Section 404 of the Act requires companies to vouch for accounting controls over financial reporting and disclosure weaknesses to shareholders. More specifically, Section 404 requires management to assess the effectiveness of internal financial controls and instructs auditors to report on whether the controls are adequate or have material weaknesses (Swartz, 2005). This is achieved through mandatory reports on internal control by management and independent auditors (Lin & Wu, 2006). Most businesses believe that the costs associated with complying with section 404 are too high (O'Brien, 2006). However, 79% of financial executives included in one survey reported that complying with the Act has strengthened their internal controls (Swartz, 2005) The Act has increased the focus on internal audit departments as a key partner in assisting management and the board of directors (especially audit committees) to fulfill their corporate governance activities. Essentially, management and the board of directors must ensure that their organizations are complying with SOX and especially with Section 404. …


Aimed at the minimum maximum principal stress,based on three dimensional finite element analysis,with the help of FEM software(ANSYS),an optimization method is used to design the main parameters of the joint cross of universal coupling.The results show that the main parameters can be determined by using the model and method in this paper,and the strength influenced by each dimension can be obtained.


Further study of the ππ S–wave isoscalar amplitude below the KK threshold Abstract We continue the analysis of S–wave production amplitudes for the reaction π − p → π + π − n involving the data obtained by the CERN– Cracow–Munich collaboration on a transversely polarized target at 17.2 GeV/c π − momentum. This study deals with the region below the KK threshold. In particular, we study the " up–steep " solution containing a narrow S–wave resonance under the ρ(770). This solution exhibits a considerable inelasticity η which does not have any physical interpretation. Assuming that this inelasticity behaviour represents an unlikely fluctuation we impose η ≡ 1 for all data points. This leads to non-physical results in one third of the π + π − effective mass bins and in the remaining mass bins some parameters behave in a queer way. The situation is even worse for the " down–steep " solution. We conclude that the 17.2 GeV data cannot be described by a relatively narrow f 0 (750). The " down–flat " and " up–flat " solutions which easily pass the η ≡ 1 constraint exhibit a slow increase of phase shifts in the ρ(770) mass range.


The history of relations between Christians and Jews represents a very complex history which alternates between proximity and distance, between fraternity and estrangement, between love and hate. This history can be designated as complex from its very beginnings. On the one hand, Jesus cannot be understood without Judaism; the early Christian congregation quite naturally participated in the Jewish liturgy in the temple, and Paul too on his various mission journeys always went to the synagogues first before turning to the Gentiles with his proclamation of the gospel. On the other hand, the schism between synagogue and church forms the first split in the history of the church, which the Catholic theologian Erich Przywara defined as the "primal rift." Even though contemporary research tends to accept that the process of estrangement and dissociation between Judaism and Christianity extended over a longer period than previously assumed and surely only gradually took shape during the second century after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD, there is nevertheless no question that this process was set in place at the very beginning of Jewish-Christian relations and the relationship between Jews and Christians was marked by conflict already at an early stage. Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger outlined that conflict in these words: "The church was regarded by her mother as an unnatural daughter, while the Christians regarded the mother as blind and obstinate." While this image reminds us that the conflicts between Jews and Christians were still like family quarrels, the relationship between Jews and Christians deteriorated progressively as the awareness of belonging to the same family was gradually lost. It has therefore in the course of history been exposed to great strain and hostility which has in many cases unfortunately led to anti-Jewish attitudes involving outbreaks of violence and pogroms against the Jews.


In this paper, we present a model of a convolutional neural network for automatic extraction of several features of the rice kernels from a gray image. The system developed convolutional neural network which is consisted of 7 layers and receives a gray image that measures 200 × 200 pixels as its input. Therefore, there are 40000 neurons on the network at the input level. The following layer is convolutional with the set of 6 filters. Next is the subsampling layer with the maximumvalue function. Then, we have one more convolutional layer of 12 filters and the subsampling layer with the maximumvalue function. The final is the fully connected layer of 3 neurons. The convolutional Neural Networks detector developed were able to identify the grain samples at overall average accuracies of 99.52%. The study results have demonstrated the capability and potential of machine vision with well-trained convolutional neural network detector for varietal types identification of rice grain samples. With the comparably high accuracy of classification obtained, a machine vision together with the developed neural network architectures could be used as a tool to achieve better and more objective rice quality evaluation at trading points within the rice marketing system, and it also provide a superior alternative for other research.


Goal To determine the mechanism by which IgM immunotherapy restores immune homeostasis in Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). Background IgM immunotherapy prevents the onset and progression of T1D. Methods 1) 5wks old non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice received human IgM (hIgM, 50ugs/wk) or saline, beginning at 5wks of age until 18wks. 2) For diabetes reversal, NOD mice were treated after the onset of diabetes with two doses (100ug) of either prediabetic NOD IgM or C57BL/6 IgM on Days 1 and 4, and their blood glucose monitored serially. 3) 5wks-old C57BL/6 and NOD mice, C57BL/6 and NOD VH125 mice, and humanized BLT mice received IgM (100ug igM on Day 1 followed by 50ug on Days 3,5,7 and 10) followed by spleen and bone-marrow cell harvest on Day 13. VH125 mice possess a heavy chain specific for human insulin knocked into the endogenous IgM locus. This heavy chain combines with endogenous light chains to produce insulin-reactive B lymphocytes. Humanized BLT mice are NOD/SCIDs that have been cotransplanted with human liver and thymus tissues, along with autologous CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells. Flow cytometry (FC) or Time of flight mass cytometry (CyTOF) was performed. Results 80% of saline-injected NOD mice became diabetic by 18-20 weeks of age (n=30). In contrast, none of the hIgM treated mice developed diabetes (n=10). Two doses of IgM (100ug) reversed hyperglycemia in new-onset diabetic mice and maintained BG<200mg/dL in 63% of mice for the entire duration of time (2 months) that they were monitored post treatment (n=11). In contrast, IgM derived from pre-diabetic NOD donors did not reverse diabetes. IgM therapy expanded both, myeloid derived suppressor cell and peripheral regulatory T cell (Treg) populations. Thymic Tregs were also expanded in a regulatory B cell-dependent manner. IgM therapy diminished autoreactivity in NOD mice by A) reducing the percentage of marginal zone B cells, a subset associated with perpetuating autoimmunity (p<0.05); B) increasing transitional B cell proportions (p<0.01), indicating normalization of B cell homeostatic defects; and C) inhibiting plasma insulin autoantibody levels (p<0.0001). In NODVH125 mice, IgM eliminated insulin binding B cell population (p<0.0001) indicating a reduction in autoreactive B cell activation. In humanized BLT mice, hIgM therapy expanded the Helios+Foxp3+Treg population. Conclusions IgM therapy reverses new onset T1D by restoring immune homeostasis and diminishing autoreactivity. The clinical relevance of IgM therapy is confirmed in the humanized BLT mouse model wherein hIgM therapy induces the expansion of Tregs. This beneficial effect may be translatable to diabetic patients or islet graft recipients.


Procedural Level Generation via Machine Learning (PLGML), the study of generating game levels with machine learning, has received a large amount of recent academic attention. For certain measures these approaches have shown success at replicating the quality of existing game levels. However, it is unclear the extent to which they might benefit human designers. In this paper we present a framework for co-creative level design with a PLGML agent. In support of this framework we present results from a user study and results from a comparative study of PLGML approaches.


We report observational results of a VLA 20 cm and 6 cm survey of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 6946. The purpose of the survey is to identify compact radio sources in NGC 6946. We report the detection of 118 such sources. Using the spectral index to discriminate between thermal and nonthermal emission, 37 candidate sources have been identified as possible supernova remnants or background objects, 31 candidate sources have been identified as possible H II regions, and six sources have been identified with inverted spectra. The remaining sources were detected only at 20 cm. A catalog summarizing the properties of the radio sources is presented. The source positions, flux densities, and spectral indices are listed in the catalog. An atlas consisting of contour maps of all detected sources is presented.


Substructure and texture evolution in as hot rolled rod and further during wire drawing of EC-grade aluminium have been investigated. The results have documented that the texture evolution during rolling of rod is significantly affected by the set-up of the rolls in the wire rod machine. This variation in texture may explain differences in work hardening observed during wire drawing. The material showing a random texture after hot rolling work hardens more during wire drawing than the material with a strong fibre texture and consequently no work hardening potential from texture sharpening during drawing. The different microstructural contributions to strength (dislocations stored in subgrain boundaries, free dislocations in the interior of subgrains) have been discussed and compared with the contribution from texture. The largest contribution to the total strength is from dislocations stored in the subgrain boundaries.


There have been few investigations on the microvascular architecture supplying the articular disk of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The present authors have attempted to examine detailed microvascular patterns utilizing the plastic injection method for preparing microvascular casts of the entire components of the TMJ in the Japanese monkey. Vascular supply for the disk was limited in the peripheral area of it, while not present in the center area of it, appearing as the so-called avascular area. Fine vascular networks were observed both in the superior and inferior synovial layers of the disk. From these networks, abundant capillary loops were diverged towards the center of the disk. Differences on the distribution feature and density of the vascular element were observed between both the above networks, in proportion to functional movements of the condyle.


Foster Care Fortnight, in June 1999, saw the launch in England of new national standards for foster care by Social Services Minister John Hutton. Later in the year, when new administrations are up and running following parliamentary and assembly elections in Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, the standards will be launched separately in each of the other UK nations. Derek Warren discusses the background to this initiative and its implications for the future of foster care services.


OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to assess respiratory morbidity among traffic police in Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan.
METHODOLOGY
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Peshawar among traffic police from all their traffic stations. A sample of 302 participants was taken conveniently from the stations as a cluster sample for the purpose. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and was analyzed through SPSS Version-17 for its presentation.
RESULTS
A total of 302 participants participated in the study. The mean age of the study population was 40.45 ± 6.30 years. Almost half (49%) of the study participants belonged to the age group 35-44 years. Results further reflected that majority of the respondents (90%) were head constables and 10% (31) of them were from the grade of Assistant, Sub Inspectors, (SI) and Sub Inspectors (SI). Around 49.7% of the study participants had graduation and above and the remaining 50.3% (152) had a higher secondary qualification. Furthermore; 87 % of the participants reported that they had never used a face mask and 13 % of them had used a face mask. Respiratory morbidity reflected that the 7% of participants had a frequent cough, chronic cough (6%), phlegm (15%), chronic phlegm (12%), wheeze (4%), chronic wheeze (18%), dyspnea I (9%), while 25% of them had dyspnea II and peak flow restriction with.
CONCLUSION
Findings of the study concluded that the Police working in traffic are very prone to get respiratory illnesses and they have a significantly higher prevalence of respiratory morbidity. Therefore periodic monitoring is encouraged to detect the problems at early stages for their treatment and better prognosis. Further Personal protective equipment needs to be used for the better prevention of the spread of respiratory disease


Objective: To identify the relationships of magnetic resonance manifestation and molecular pathology of glioblastoma multiforme. Methods: MRI images of 43 glioblastoma patients were collected. Four of imaging features such as degrees of edema, contrasted/T2 ratio, multifocal and TCM were selected to identify their relationship with P53, Ki-67 and MGMT expression in patients with GBM. The relationship between imaging features and molecular pathology was studied by using the software of SPSS 13.0 and chi-square test. Results: High expression of P53 indicated a high frequency of contrasted/T2 ratio 1(83.9%, P0.05). Low expression of Ki-67 was correlated with multifoci of glioma and TCM(P0.05); Expression level of MGMT was inversely correlated with degrees of edema(P0.05). Conclusion: Some MR imaging features such as degrees of edema, contrasted/T2 ratio, multifoci of glioma were correlated with P53, Ki-67 and MGMT of glioblastoma multiforme.


The Talk Test (TT) is a very simple marker of exercise intensity, which has been shown to be a useful surrogate of the ventilatory (VT) and respiratory compensation (RCT) thresholds. The purpose of this study  was to evaluate a potential mechanism behind the TT. Healthy, college-aged subjects (n=20) performed a maximal and two sub-maximal cycle ergometer tests. The two submaximal tests were performed: with the  Talk Test (EXP) and without speaking (the control trial – CON). Oxygen uptake (VO2), CO2 output (VCO2), minute ventilation (VE), breathing frequency (BF), end-tidal CO2 pressure (PETCO2) and TT times were  recorded. VO2, VCO2 and VE were reduced during the TT and increased immediately after it. BF was reduced during the TT. PETCO2 values (a surrogate of PaCO2) were highest during the TT and lowest before the TT. The time to complete the TT increased across progressive stages. This study supports the hypothesis that talking causes CO2 retention, which may cause ventilatory drive to increase. Since the ventilatory drive is already high above the VT, the apparent CO2 retention associated with speech may cause talking to become uncomfortable. Key words: exercise prescription, exercise test, metabolic thresholds, respiratory gas exchange, speech


High-performance computing (HPC) aims at developing models and simulations for applications in numerous scientific fields. Yet, the energy consumption of these HPC facilities currently limits their size and performance, and consequently the size of the tackled problems. The complexity of the HPC software stacks and their various optimizations makes it difficult to finely understand the energy consumption of scientific applications. To highlight this difficulty on a concrete use-case, we perform an energy and power analysis of a software stack for the simulation of frequency-domain electromagnetic wave propagation. This solver stack combines a high order finite element discretization framework of the system of three-dimensional frequency -domain Maxwell equations with an algebraic hybrid iterative-direct sparse linear solver. This analysis is conducted on the KNL-based PRACE-PCP system. Our results illustrate the difficulty in predicting how to trade energy and runtime.


With the practices of computer network courses construction, the goals of computer network courses are established. Based on these goals, planning and construction of computer network courses about undergraduates of computer science and technology are discussed.


Recently, burn injuries have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low-middle-income countries. Burn injuries are tissue loss caused by contact with heat sources such as hot water, fire, chemicals, electricity, and radiation. According to the WHO Global Burden Disease, in 2017 an estimated 180.000 people died from burn injuries. Ethanol extract of green algae (EEGA) contains compounds that potentially heal burn injuries. The research was conducted to obtain a gel formulation from EEGA and test its burn wound healing properties in mice ( Mus musculus ). Forty-five mice were divided into five groups: I (negative control), II (treated with gel base), III (positive control, Bioplacenton gel), IV (5% EEGA gel), and V (10% EEGA gel). Wound diameters and description scores were observed every fourth, seventh, and fourteenth day, and the derived data were analyzed in the SPSS program with the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significance difference (LSD) test. The results indicate that EEGA can be formulated into gels with physical properties compliant with the requirements of the dosage form. Further, it was found that Groups IV and V showed significant reductions in wound description scores and diameters (p<0.05). In conclusion, gels containing 5% and 10% EEGA possess burn wound healing properties.


with that of the organization. Second, somewhat related to the first question and broadening the analytical lens beyond Iran, how does the IRGC's historiography of the war compare with such projects in the United States and other countries? Although the IRGC may "not fit neatly into existing conceptual categories," as Samuel's book contends (20), the organization's chronicling of the conflict may bear some similarities to the field of military history in the United States and other Western countries. As in Iran, the field in these countries tends to be largely dominated by military entities like the US Army Combined Arms Center's Combat Studies Institute and Center of Military History, and less developed and more marginalized in other areas, particularly academia. One reason for this reality is that militaries have a vested interest in studying wars and their historical parallels, lessons learned, and best practices, to avoid repeating past mistakes and to improve current and future performance, the IRGC being no exception to this rule, as Samuel's book makes clear. Another reason is the added difficulty for individuals and institutions outside the military and government to access classified and sensitive documents and records, assuming they exist and have not been destroyed. As is likely the case in Iran and elsewhere, military history in the West has been plagued and distorted by idiosyncratic and inherent biases, such as Euroand statecentric analysis. In sum, Samuel's book is required reading for students and specialists of Iranian and Middle Eastern history and politics and, more generally, armed conflict, social revolution, and collective memory. It makes a significant scholarly contribution by delving into untapped sources and by offering unique insights into the IRGC, the Iran–Iraq War, and the Islamic Republic. Finally, the book raises stimulating and engaging questions about military historiography as a national project in Iran and beyond. These questions will surely prompt path-breaking research within the disciplines of history, area studies, and comparative politics in the future.


Due to the limitation of the geographical environment of Gansu Province,art design education develops more slowly than that of inland and coastal city.In this article,through the analysis of the current problems in the process of training professional talents of art design in higher vocational colleges of Gansu Province,aiming at the enterprises,the resource of the students,the teachers and the establishment of thel teaching goals,the author intends to explore a kind of teaching mode of art design integrating production,study and research which is based on economic development needs of Gansu Province,and relatively reasonable and feasible,find out right and concrete implementing ways.


The enhancement and regeneration of activity of lipase(Novozym 435) by solvents in the production of diacylglycerols(DG) from monoacylglycerols(MG) were investigated.The immobilized lipase Novozym 435 was pretreated by immersing in tert-butanol at 25℃ for 600 min,removing tert-butanol and putting into soybean oil for 90 min,then removing soybean oil by immersing for 10 min in tert-butanol.The pretreated lipase was used to catalyze the reaction for production of DG from MG,and the content of DG in finished product increased by 6.31%,the reuse times of lipase increased by 44%.The deactivated lipase Novozym 435 was treated by immersing in tert-butanol for 70 min,removing tert-butanol and putting into soybean oil at 40℃ for 12 h,then removing soybean oil by tert-butanol.The regenerated Novozym 435 could be reused in the reaction for more than 10 runs.


This (large) book is unique. "There is no other concordance which provides the ordinary reader with as much information so conveniently displayed." We have first a complete concordance of 5,523 Greek words, arranged in alphabetical order, and listing every occurrence of each word in the New Testament, and under whatever English word is used to translate it, as found in the King James Version. As an illustration, take the word Spirit, pneuma. This word is used 385 times in the New Testament. In the King James Version it receives more than a dozen designations, such as "the Spirit of God," "Spirit of Christ," "Spirit of the Lord." Open this Concordance at pneuma, and one finds on the two pages all uses of this word, under the English words by which it is translated and designated, showing the New Testament book, chapter and verse where each is found. So with all the 5,523 Greek words. Then follows an English-to-Greek index, with over 15,000 entries, by which one can go from an English word back to the Greek which it translates. Since more people use the King James Version than any other, this Version was made the basis of this work. These people can use this concordance. So can the technical Greek scholar who has access to later and better translations and the older and more accurate Greek manuscripts on which these translations rest. Thus the fruits of more than twenty years of painstaking labor are now made available to all who, through the use of English or/and Greek, wish to study the New Testament intelligently and comprehensively. William W. Adams


Present paper studies the variation of active, reactive, distorted and apparent powers measured during the functioning of an electro thermal installation with electromagnetic induction. In order to analyze these electrical parameters, measurement sets were accomplished using two methods. The first method is based on using a power quality analyzer and the second method consists in using a data acquisition system that contains an adapting interface and a data acquisition board connected to a computer.


Reporting the result of one patient for another as a consequence of specimen mix-up, mislabeled specimens, or misidentification of patients is a serious laboratory mistake with potentially catastrophic consequences. For brevity, all mistakes in specimen identification are hereafter referred to as "specimen mix-up". Because it is assumed to be relatively frequent, specimen mix-up is usually considered one of the most important laboratory blunders. Therefore, much has been done to try to prevent it, and several result verification methods, such as delta check (1) and multivariate delta check (2), have been developed to detect it.

However, most of the available information on the frequency of this problem is anecdotal. To our knowledge, no study has quantitatively measured the frequency of all mistakes in specimen identification in a large clinical chemistry laboratory. Furthermore, the results could probably not be generalized to other laboratories. To determine how often specimen mix-up occurs in the core laboratory of Helsinki University Central Hospital, we developed a simple but accurate method to estimate the frequency of specimen mix-up and to test the method in practice. Although the results of our study may not be generalizable, our method can be used by anyone who is interested in checking the frequency of specimen mix-up in a large clinical chemistry laboratory.

Our method consists of determining the ABO …


The Global Initiative for Chronic Lung Disease (GOLD) states that 'chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a common preventable and treatable disease, is characterised by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive and is associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and the lung to noxious particles and gases. Exacerbations and comorbidities contribute to the overall severity in individual patients.'


Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a complex, chronic psychiatric disease. AUD manifests as having uncontrollable drinking patterns with detrimental effects. Excessive alcohol intake in the form of binge drinking, which is common among adolescents and young adults, is associated with increased risk of developing AUD. Here, we analyze RNA-seq data from hippocampi of Sprague Dawley rats to investigate temporal changes in gene expression. We used a rodent model of binge drinking, i.e., adolescent intermittent ethanol (AIE), to identify candidate genes that may play a role in the chronic changes in brain function and contribute to the development of AUD.At postnatal day (PND) 30 (adolescence), rats received chronic intermittent ethanol (5g/kg intragastrically (i.g.) 10 times across 16 days). We extracted total RNA from rat hippocampal tissue that was collected at three time points. RNA was sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform. We processed RNA-seq data (TrimGalore), compiled gene counts (HTSeq), and performed differential expression analysis (DESeq2). The full rank list of genes and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with nominal p<0.05 were used as inputs for pathway-based enrichment analyses GSEA and Cytoscape, respectively, at 3 timepoints in the presence or absence of ethanol (i.e., 3 comparisons). For each of these comparisons, GSEA was used to identify genes involved in enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms while Cytoscape and its apps were used to identify networks of genes and, subsequently, subnetworks (i.e., clusters) of genes enriched by higher interaction. From clusters containing 15 or more nodes, we prioritized genes related with particular functions, cell types, or diseases, which were present in GO Processes, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathways, or Reactome Pathways.Based on GSEA, the most impacted differential gene expression occurs within the potassium channels and receptor function but is heavily dependent on the time point at which the analysis occurs. Across both GSEA and Cytoscape pathway analyses, the most striking changes occur in genes that regulate neuroinflammatory processes and neuronal/synaptic remodeling and coincide with the enrichment of pathways involved in addiction processes.Identification of genes dysregulated by AIE may be useful in determining the underlying mechanism for acute and chronic effects of AIE exposure that contribute to neuronal remodeling and increased risk of developing AUD.


Macrophage polarization refers to the ability of these cells to adopt different functional phenotypes according to their environment. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphatase‐1 (MKP‐1) is known to regulate the classical lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced pro‐inflammatory macrophage activation and the inflammatory response. Here, we investigated the effects of MKP‐1 on the anti‐inflammatory and healing‐promoting macrophage phenotype induced by cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐13 and examined the potential mediator role of MKP‐1 in glucocorticoid effects on the two macrophage phenotypes. In MKP‐1‐deficient macrophages treated with IL‐4 and IL‐13 to induce the anti‐inflammatory phenotype, the expression of phenotypic markers arginase 1, Ym‐1 and FGF2 was reduced as compared to wild‐type cells. In contrast, LPS‐induced expression of the pro‐inflammatory factors IL‐6 and iNOS was significantly higher in MKP‐1‐deficient macrophages. Dexamethasone suppressed the pro‐inflammatory phenotype and enhanced the anti‐inflammatory phenotype. Interestingly, both of these glucocorticoid effects were attenuated in macrophages from MKP‐1‐deficient mice. Accordingly, dexamethasone increased MKP‐1 expression in both LPS‐ and IL4+13‐treated wild‐type cells. In conclusion, the findings support MKP‐1 as an endogenous mechanism able to shift macrophage activation from the classical pro‐inflammatory state towards the anti‐inflammatory and healing‐promoting phenotype. In addition, MKP‐1 was found to mediate the anti‐inflammatory effects of dexamethasone in a dualistic manner: by suppressing the pro‐inflammatory macrophage activation and by enhancing the healing‐promoting macrophage phenotype.


Communication and sport scholars have built a large body of research concerning descriptions employed about White and Black athletes in the media, but Tiger Woods, being part Black, represents a new type of challenge when assessing stereotypes of athletes. This study employs a database of 2,989 descriptors and classifies these evaluations into 11 categories for analysis. Results indicate that Tiger Woods was portrayed as being more likely to succeed because of experience than were other golfers. Additionally, Woods was characterized as failing because of loss of concentration and composure, whereas other golfers were not described in these termsas frequently. There was also a decreased frequency of comments regarding Woods' body as compared to other golfers. As a result, the reasons for Woods' success do not fit traditional stereotypes of the Black athlete, but the explanations for failure did match previously studied Black stereotypes. When Woods won, he was not portrayed as Black, but when he was not as successful he was more likely to be characterized using traditional stereotypes of Black athletes. Implications are drawn at the methodological, pedagogical, and applied levels. sport Tiger Woods ethnicity media golf


The article describes the various functions of a learning disability specialist in a day school program for emotionally disturbed children. The importance of a differential diagnosis to evaluate need primacy and types of specific learning difficulties and behavioral characteristics are discussed. Consideration is given to the work done with the teachers and the parents by the interdisciplinary team.


Corneal deposits can rarely develop in patients using fluoroquinolones and dexamethasone eye drops. A 68-year-old female patient presented with postoperative corneal drug deposits following small incision cataract surgery. Corneal scraping was done, and histopathological examination shows an amorphous material.


Accommodation is a phenomenon that crystalline lens change its refractive power when human eyes see the near objects clearly.The article of A brief talk on ' A novel concept of accommodation:Human eyes optical system based on hyperfocal distance-micro zoom'.written by Luo Fu-ming introduces a concept of hyperfocal distance from the camera.Based on the characteristic of hyperfocal distance,the author proposes that there are actually three kinds of hyperfocal distances in human eyes:far-hyperfocal distance,near-hyperfocal distance and accommodative hyperfocal distance.It is important to understand this article that whether the ciliary muscles contract to push the zonules in accommodation,and then the zonules are forced to push the lens equator,or the ciliary muscles contract to relax the tensional zonules,then the posterior surface of the lens moves forward.In view of the anatomic structure,the possibility that the ciliary muscles contract to push the zonule and then the slim zonules push the lens equator is less than that the ciliary muscles contract to relax the tensional zonules and then the posterior surface of the lens moves forward in accommodation.In my opinion,the contraction of the ciliary muscles would startup actively in accommodation.So when the eyes transfer from near vision to distance vision,the ciliary muscles (contracting circular muscles) will return to the relaxed normal state immediately.The crystalline lens will immediately recover to its original relatively flatten state by traction of the zonules,rather than passive compression.Because the crystalline lens is not the startup body but a supporting body in accommodation.The accommodation of human eye is very complicated.During the whole process of accommodation,there are not only contraction of ciliary muscles and increase of refractive power in crystalline lens,but also accompanied reaction of miosis and convergence.So it is difficult to explain the complex activity of human eyes using any extreme,mechanical and single mode.

Key words:
Hyperfocal distance; Accommodation; Convergence; Ciliary muscle; Zonule; Lens; Pupil


The increased number of requests regarding the cooling of the computers and the miniaturization of electronic components, determined the search for new solutions for intensifying the heat exchange between the processor and the heat sink, the link between these two being realized by means of a thermoconducting paste. The current article aims to realize a brief presentation of the concerns regarding the improvement of heat exchange in the CPU – heat sink interface. In the second part, it is realized a calculation method of thermal transfer through TIM, highlighting the presence of some inhomogeneities and gaps in TIM, determining a rise of temperature. The model is used and validated by comparison with numerical results obtained by authors in specialized literature.


DOI: 10.25041/fiatjustisia.v14no4.1922 Prevention and settlement of human rights violations based on natural resources are done by establishing good cooperation (synergy) between stakeholders, including local governments, community leaders, traditional leaders, religious leaders being one of the keys to avoiding human rights violations in the regions. In the aspect of the settlement of human rights violations can be done by using a settlement mechanism based on local wisdom owned by the region, such as the settlement of SASAMBO in NTB is an alternative settlement of human rights violations in the future that can be used. So it becomes crucial to amend Law No. 39 of 1999 concerning human rights violations by including the resolution of human rights violations based on local wisdom in the regions.


Background In developing and providing professional development (PD) activities for adult literacy (AL) coordinators and volunteer tutors in Western Canada, we have become interested in how writing is viewed and used. Of special interest to us are practices and views about writing as a means to greater self-aware ness. Our interest and our own convictions on the subject arise from experience in the Camrose Write to Learn AL project (Morgan, 1998), where personal growth is an outcome we have repeatedly seen from writing in a supportive environment (Morgan, 1997). We have come to regard introspective and reflec tive writing as critical to the long-term personal success of literacy program participants, and this outlook is reflected in the PD we hope to develop and share with other AL workers. To test some of our assumptions about the writing attitudes and practices of others, and to guide our PD planning, we recently conducted a survey of selected literacy programs on the following issues: 1. Writing attitudes and activities, especially regarding practices such as shared writing as a means of personal growth among all participants, including instructors and administrators. Shared writing involves all participants regularly writing together, reading and hearing each other's work read aloud in a group setting, and occasionally collecting material for publica tion. Shared writing is a core element of the Write to Learn PD model and is similar in purpose to "process writing" (Reuys, 1992) and "lifewriting" (Butler & Bentley, 1992). 2. PD needs as perceived by potential participants. To help our PD planning, we wanted an indication of the needs perceived by potential participants, and of other attitudes and practices that might be recognized by practitioners themselves as narrow, restrictive, or obsolescent (Malicky & Norton, 1998).


Abstract Although Traditional Chinese Medicine has been used for several thousands of years in clinical practice, the efficacy, quality, and safety of many medical herbs remain uncertain. There is an increasing need for improving analytical methods that can be used for identification of active components and quality control of traditional Chinese medicine. In the present study, a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed to simultaneously determine eight phenylethanoid glycosides in different species of the genus Cistanche, namely acteoside, 2′-acetylacteoside, cistanoside A, cistanoside C, cistanoside F, echinacoside, isoacteoside, and tubuloside A. The HPLC assay was performed on an Akasil C18 column with a gradient elution of methanol and 0.1% aqueous methanoic acid for 70 min. The detection wavelength was 330 nm. All of the compounds showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9991). The method was reproducible with intra- and inter-day variations of less than 5%. The recovery of the assay was in the range of 94.43–105.44%. The method was successfully applied to the quantification of all the eight constituents in the test samples. The results indicate that the developed assay can be considered as a suitable method for the quality control of the genus Cistanche.


Enzyme proteins are nanometer-sized molecules with a three-dimensional structure that can be manipulated and assembled into highly ordered nanostructures, which allows access to advanced biological materials. Here, genetically-encoded nonstandard amino...


Learning Activities (Answers to "Learning Activities" can be found in the "Answer Key" at the end of the book. Answers to interactive activity elements will be provided within the element as immediate feedback.) The patient's IV site is cool to the touch and swollen. The patient states "it hurts a little." List in order the steps the nurse should take. a. Discontinue the IV b. Stop the IV infusion c. Elevate the affected site d. Document the findings Query \(\PageIndex{1}\)


As the field of Information and Communication Technologies rapidly expands, the applications to language learning continue to grow. Computer-Enhanced and Mobile-Assisted Language Learning: Emerging Issues and Trends compiles the latest research into computer-enhanced language learning, as well as the integration of mobile devices into new language acquisition. Though new information is constantly coming out as technologies continue to evolve, this important new follow-up publication will be distributed worldwide among academic and professional institutions and will be instrumental in providing researchers, scholars, students, and professionals access to the latest knowledge related to research on computer-enhanced and mobile assisted language learning.


The presented study is the output of the authors from solving the research project VEGA no. 1/0001/18 called Preparation for ageing and old age – possibilities of andragogical intervention. Based on the planned aims of the project, the authors deal with the analysis of the education and social policies of selected states of the European Union to identify those areas which are related to active ageing and active old age. Subsequently, they compare the Slovak education and social policy to foreign education and social ones on the state level, focusing on the topics of active ageing and active old age. The methodology of the research work of the authors lies in the national documents and their subsequent comparing. The authors identified common aspects of the education and social policies of the selected states of the European Union (Slovakia, Germany and Spain) in the given parameters or areas (active ageing and active old age).


C. difficile disease is pseudomembranous colitis life-threatening from mild-self-limiting diarrhea and ranging up megacolon, including clinical picture of a range. C. Cases of C. difficile, is treated differently depending on the severity of the disease. Cases mild and moderate can be treated with metronidazole, whereas moderate to severe in, and relapsing cases are often treated with vancomycin or Fi da Kiso clarithromycin. C. The presence of C. difficile disease, C. Difficile antigen (GDH), toxin A and B, and is detected using a panel of biomarkers include fecal lactoferrin. C. In patients difficile disease is suspected, when the GDH is detected, it is C. Indicates the presence of C. difficile, then toxigenic C. In order to show the difficile, and C. Toxin A and / or B is detected to support the diagnosis of C. difficile related disease, fecal lactoferrin concentration to determine the severity of the disease by indicating the amount of intestinal inflammation is measured. .FIELD 1B


Aim. To reveal vectorcardiographic (VCG) signs of an acute widespread myocardial infarction (MI) with Q, of the anterior wall of the left ventricle (LV), comorbid with hepatic steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatits, and to estimate the specificity and sensitivity of the method in diagnostics of comorbid pathology. Material and methods. Totally, 14 patients studied with primary widespread MI of the anterior wall of LV (1st group), mean age — 69±3 y.; 43 patients with comorbid course of primary MI of anterior wall and hepatic steatosis or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (2nd group) — mean age 66±2 y. In both groups women predominated. Instrumental study included electrocardiography, VCG, echocardiography and ultrasound liver examination. VCG performed on a modern cardiodiagnostic multifunctional equipment MTM-SKM. For estimation of sensitivity and specificity of VCG the four-pole net was applied. Results. In comorbidity patients via VCG there was shifting of QRS loop down-, right- and backwards with a decrease of collected square 2,1 times (p<0,001); appearance of local ventricular block; disturbance of repolarization appearing as ST-damage vector, directed right-up-frontwards (51,2%) and left-frontwards (48,8%), changes of T-loops location, angular QRS-T loops direction in VА1,2,4,5 (p<0,05-0,001), increase of T-loops square 2,9-3,0 times in VА2,3,5 (p<0,01), of their cross and condensation of timing marks by their trace in all projections (p<0,001). Rarefaction of time points in the area of baseline shift of the loop in VА1,4,5 (p<0,05- 0,001), increase of the loops QRS square in VА5 (p<0,01) and loops P in VА1-3 2,4-3,2 times (p<0,01) witness hemodynamic overload of basal areas of both ventricles, higher areas of front and lateral walls of LV, and also atriums. VCG let to diagnose non-transmural involvement of myocardium in all patients with comorbid pathology. In 2nd group patients, comparing to the 1st group, there is rarefaction of time marks in the area of baseline shifts of QRS loops in anterior projection (p<0,01), that represents overload in upper areas of LV front wall. In echocardiography it is found that left chambers increase (p<0,001), there is diastolic dysfunction (relaxation disorder of LV — 40%), pseudonormal type — 32%, restrictive type — 28%) with systolic function impairment (p<0,001). Sensitivity of vectrocardiography was 98,5%, and specificity — 95,2%. Conclusion. Application of enhanced cardiodiagnostic complex MTM-SKM and vector analysis of electromotive force made it, with sensitivity 98,5% and specificity 95,2%, to reveal and clarify the depth and spread of myocardial damage, additionally to electro- and echocardiographic methods, and to obtain information on the heart condition outside necrosis zone.


In the development of the nineteenth-century asylum, architecture was thought capable of performing a curative role in the treatment of mental illness. Between 1878 and 1949, both the curative potential of New Zealand's mental hospitals and the influence of the architect in the design of this typology diminished. Architects were increasingly marginalised within an under-resourced design process that obstructed them from engaging with their Mental Hospitals Department client, giving rise to misunderstanding, animosity, and, ultimately, the usurpation of their professional role. In addition, a quantitative decline in British scholarship addressing asylum design at the turn of the twentieth century further isolated New Zealand's architects from relevant medical literature. This contributed to the complex interplay of factors that compromised the therapeutic efficacy of psychiatric institutions.


In order to verify the knowledge of women about breast self-examination and its importance in the early detection of cancer , and to analyze their practice and identify the reasons for their non-performance; A quantitative , descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from January to May 2014. was applied in nursing school at the University of Guayaquil, students of first year undergraduates. 82 women were polled and data processing was performed from the descriptive statistics. The results showed that the age group 18-24 years had the highest percentage with 79 % , within the research population predominates the presence of single women by 67 %. married women with 22% . Thirdly 7% found in union and the last place on 4 % divorced women . 91% said they knew about breast cancer and 9 % saying he does not know . It is a well known cancer by women. 98 % know that breast cancer is preventable if versus 2 % who think that it is not. 63% without a family history of any cancer. Was observed that cancer is believed to be a disease of adult people and more that 59 % say they should do BSE at age 50 . 88% referred to the survey population who can not perform breast self-examination , and 12 % say if know .. 77% said not performed breast self-examination . 23% say if breast selfmensual. so 57% of women surveyed reported having knowledge of the treatment of breast cancer. It was recommended that the implementation of activities leading to improving adherence to self-examination of women is necessary in the context of the university , and promote mechanisms to motivate women to self-care .


Polyaniline/Graphene nanocomposites (PANI/G) were synthesised at various loadings of graphene to polyaniline (PANI) ratio. Their structural and morphological characterization has been investigated by DRS-UV-Vis, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy. Further the electrical conductivity and electrochemical measurements were measured using four probe method and cyclic voltammetry. As the weight ratio of PANI to G decreased from 9:1 to 5:5 (G1:G5), the electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites increased by an order of four. This was attributed to a considerable increase in the carrier mobility in the presence of graphene sheets. As a result, the conductivity of the nanocomposites increased from 16.11 to 460.08 S cm−1 at 298 K. Electrochemical properties of the composites are measured by cyclic voltammetric technique to measure the band gap and specific capacitance of the composites. Results predict that the developed PANI/G nanocomposites could be used in electrochemical energystorage device.


Generalized splines on a graph $G$ with edge labels in a commutative ring $R$ are vertex labelings such that if two vertices share an edge in $G$, the difference between the vertex labels lies in the ideal generated by the edge label. When $R$ is an integral domain, the set of all such splines is a finitely generated $R$-module $R_G$ of rank $n$, the number of vertices of $G$. We find determinantal conditions on subsets of $R_G$ that determine whether $R_G$ is a free module, and if so, whether a so called"flow-up class basis"exists.


This paper presents a non-photorealistic rendering algorithm that produ ces "stylised-style" images by removing the soft shading from the image and by giving objects extra definition through b lack outlines. The method of shading removal is based on a model of the architecture of the human co lour vision system. Some image results are provided and the possible extension of the algorithm using a back-pro pagation neural network is discussed.


The probabilistic model of resistance for the carbon fiber reinforced plastic( CFRP) plate influenced by size and stress distribution is derived based on the Weibull distribution types. The probabilistic model of resistance for T-beam reinforced by prestressed CFRP plate is established according to real bridge reinforcement scheme. The mean value and standard deviation of resistance are obtained. It is considered that the distribution of resistance does not refuse the lognormal distribution. The reliability indicators of flexural resistance for the main beam reinforced by prestressed CFRP plate are calculated according to the highway level Ⅱ load criterion. The reinforcement effect is evaluated from the perspective of structural reliability theory,and the sensitivity analysis of reliability parameters is carried out. The main influencing factors on reliability of the main beam reinforced by CFRP plate under the design failure mode are analyzed. The result is a supplement for assessing structural mechanics of reinforced bridges. It can be a theoretical basis for working out the design specification of bridges reinforced by CFRP plates.


The paper describes the ways of reporting business management, employing the model of sustainability report called the Global Reporting Initiative GRI. This makes use of indicators based on the concept called "Triple Bottom Line", which takes into account the economic, social and environmental. The study points out theoretical positions and concepts that have demonstrated an understanding of this issue and especially emphasizes the presence and experience of Public Relations in the environment of organizational communication, especially in the sphere of quality management activities, coupled with the operational processes and sustainable principles. The discussion is exemplified by a case study of quality management activities, coupled with the operational processes and sustainable principles. The discussion is exemplified by a case study of the Health Cooperative Medical Unimed Bauru that involves the process of preparing the report in GRI model of sustainability, held earlier in the year 2011.


This paper quantities the extent to which the rise in the measured return to education between I979 and 2000 is reflecting a change in the causal effect of education on labor market eamings. The conceptual issues are formalized in a two-factor model of ability. schooling and eamings that allows heterogeneity in absolute and comparative advantage across the population. ln particular, the framework implies that a rise in the true return to education will increase the degree of convexity of the relationship between eamings and years of education for a fixed cohort of individuals. Permanent differences in the levels of the eamings-schooling relationship across cohorts will arise if the mapping between schooling and ability differs across cohorts. These implications of the two-factor model allow the identification of changes in the causal effect of education over time and across cohorts.


As a result of the relatively backward development of domestic financial markets, the insufficient fund supply is one of the factors restricting foreign direct investment(FDI) of China's enterprises in the course of rapid development. Against such a background, the financial development of the host countries would be an effective complement. This paper studies the impact of financial development of the host country on the FDI of China's enterprises with different motivations. The theoretical and empirical study in this paper demonstrates that the financial development in the host country can effectively contribute to the FDI of China's enterprises on the scale level but not on the structural level.This paper presents a more in-depth description that the financial development in the host country on the scale level has an obvious positive effect on attracting the FDI of China's enterprises with horizontal motivations, but it only promotes the FDI of China's enterprises with vertical motivations when the structural level is high. Furthermore, by surveying the number of new projects on the FDI of China's enterprises, this paper finds that generally the financial development of the host country both on the structural level and the scale level can promote the number of new FDI projects, while from the motivation perspective, only the financial development on the scale level of the host country has an promoting effect on the horizontally motivated new FDI projects.


Monetary management is the most pervasive of macroeconomic policy instruments and as such the historical aspects of the political economy of monetary policy is a subject of perennial interest. One therefore welcomes this scholarly monograph by an acknowledged expert on the history of economic doctrines in the Indian context. It examines the impact of British economists from Sir James Steuart-author of 'The Principles of Money Applied to the Present State of the Coin of Bengal' (1772>to John Maynard Keynes on the theory and practice of monetary management in India during a very formative period. The main themes covered are: Early Experiments; Lord Liverpool and the Establishment of a Metallic Currency System; Government and the Banking System; Currency versus Banking School and the Government Paper Currency System; Attempts to Introduce Gold Standard; The Bimetallist Controversy and the Origins of a Managed Currency System; and Emergence of an Indian Financial System. The author rightly says that in no field of public policy in nineteenth


The increased intensity of land use and declining native vegetation in northeastern Brazil have led to degradation of natural resources and in particular to the decline of soil fertility.The present study aimed to assess changes in soil physical and chemical properties in secondary areas of native forest and pasture in the microregion of swamp Paraiban. Three areas were selected in the Engenho Mineiro property, whose land area was classified as Alfissol, and represented by pasture grass Brachiaria ssp which is being explorated for over 25 years with clear signs of degeneration and the other by a area of secondary native forest. The design was completely randomized in a split-plot with five replications. Soil samples were collected from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30cm. Due to the unevenness of the area proceeded collect in line in curve level, 10.0m apart from each other. The physical attributes evaluated were: bulk density and particle, total porosity, degree of flocculation, and totality native clay, degree of flocculation, aggregate dry and wet mean weight diameter and determination of the distribution of macro and micro aggregates separated by dry and wet. For the chemical attributes were determined pH values in water and calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, aluminum, hydrogen + aluminum, and organic matter (OM) for the areas and depths studied. The soils of, in general, showed low fertility. From the results, it was found that changes in the the original coverage cause an increase in pH and reduction in organic matter content. The area cultivated with pasture presented higher values of soil density, density of particles and reduction of total porosity. The change in the vegetation cover influenced the values of macro and micro aggregates in the studied environments. The use of segmentation by the toposequence positions in the landascape, use and depths, to the determine soil degradation, was efficient in evaluating the different depths of it. The management system used causes changes in the soil physical and chemical attributes that contribute to the process of soil degradation.