In today's education, teachers are expected to take differences between students into account and adapt their instructions and guidance to their students' needs, also called differentiation.
Differentiation is defined as a complex teacher skill not every(beginning)teacher masters. Since a description of teachers'differentiation qualities was missing, it was hard to give effectivesupport to teachers. In the MATCH-project an overview and skill hierarcy for differentiated math instruction in Dutch primary schools was given. But this overview is only applicable to primary education. How about the needed skills and knowledge in kindergarten? This context seems more complex, since math education is not only offered in group instructions, but in all sorts of
activities throughout the day.This study aimed at gaining insight in the needed skills and knowledge for differentiation in early numeracy in kindergarten, and making a comparison with the needed teacher skills and knowledge in primary education.


Abstract Burrow structure, feeding behaviour and diet selectivity of the ghost shrimps Biffarius arenosusand Trypaea aus-traliensiswere compared. Burrows of T. australiensiswere Y-shaped with a single tunnel extending up to 51 cm into the sediment. Overall burrow shape was less complex than that previously described for B. arenosus. In aquaria, T. australiensiswas observed to resuspend sediment within the burrow and feed on the suspended particles, and collect food directly from the burrow wall (deposit-feeding). Individuals of B. arenosus viere, only ever observed to deposit-feed. Particle size distribution of sediment ingested by both species was clearly different from that available in the sediment. The majority of particles ingested were < 63 μm in size and the majority of particles available were >125 μrn in size. Large T. australiensis (CL > 7.5 mm) preferred particles in the size range6-63 μrn, whereas foreguts of B. arenosuswere dominated by particles < 15.6 μrn in size. Small T. australiensis (CL < 7.5 mm) preferred particles 3.9-63 μrn in size. The two ghost shrimp species coexist on the inter-tidal mudflats of Western Port and appear to divide food resources by adopting different feeding modes and selectively ingesting different size sediment particles.


Archaeometry is the application of techniques used in natural sciences and engineering for investigations of various archaeological finds, and, in the wider sense of the word, also of pieces of fine and applied arts, historical buildings, etc. The two key areas of activities are a) dating and b) analysing archaeological materials and materials of objects of cultural heritage. However, also investigations of internal structure and material layers of various artefacts can be considered as an integral part of this branch of science.


Demand for greater volume of pediatric vitamin C syrups become higher every year whilst maintaining an expected high quality Current laboratory techniques employ costly time-consuming and destructive testing which inhibit manufacturers to attain higher process efficiency In this study machine learning methods: random forest RF support vector machine SVM artificial neural network ANN and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system ANFIS are used for the estimation of percentage ascorbic acid %AA assay Likewise these methods are compared to conventional linear regression LR model and to each other pH specific gravity viscosity and %AA assay measurements were used for the training of the network Preprocessing technique involving data smoothing was employed on each nonlinear main effect relationship to reduce the noise and achieve better prediction accuracy Upon training it was found the ANN coupled with Bayeasian Regularization exhibited 02314 MSE a higher accuracy among other algorithms Furthermore it generally pushed ANN to be relatively more accurate than ANFIS with a minimal MSE of 030810


Abstract : Historically it has been difficult to obtain accurate and repeatable frequency data for the first bending mode of turbine blades. This report summarises the technique used by AMRL to screen first stage T56-A-713 turbine blades for the Royal Australian Air Force as part of an investigation into the failure of these blades in service.


Author Disclosure Information: Dr. Seet has disclosed that he has no financial interests in or significant relationship with any commercial companies pertaining to this educational activity. Dr. Chung has disclosed that she receives funding for research from Pfizer, the ResMed Foundation, and the Respironic Foundation. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a clinical syndrome defined by repetitive partial or complete upper airway obstruction, characterized by episodes of breathing cessation during sleep lasting 10 or more seconds. The inherent pharyngeal collapsibility due to depression of pharyngeal muscle regulation during sleep and anesthesia predisposes to impaired respiration. Recurring airway obstruction causes repeated arousals and increased sympathetic output, cumulating in daytime hypersomnolence, memory loss, executive dysfunction, and other psychological disturbances.


Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) incorporating Pt(II) or Pd(II) are formed in one-pot reactions from pyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid with Pt(II) or Pd(II) and a cornerstone metal in DMF or water. Depending on the cornerstone metal and solvent, two- or three-dimensional networks are formed. The structures are determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction and powder diffraction data, which show the isostructural nature of the Pd and Pt compounds formed.


Competitive public and private institutions of higher education in the U.S. take race into consideration in admissions and decisions about financial aid when able to do so. In public universities in states that have proscribed use of race, substitute policies, intended to promote minority attendance, have been enacted. Universities seek out the highest achievers among those from under-represented races. This paper develops a theoretical model, with computational counter-part, that explains university admissions policies. In the model, race provides a low-cost signal to admissions officers about likely hardships faced by potential matriculants. In a recent case challenging the University of Michigan's affirmative-action practices, the Supreme Court circumscribed use of race by mandating a holistic approach to admissions. Implications of this decision are analyzed. In the model, a university maximizes an academic quality index that increases with the predicted academic potential of the student body and with the educational inputs the university provides. Student potential is imperfectly observed. A set of readily observable student measures, such as SAT score and high-school GPA, provide information about potential. However, better prediction requires observation of "hardship" experienced by applicants while growing up. Hardship lowers performance in grade- and high-school and masks simple measures of academic potential. Hardship will tend to increase with poverty and membership in minority populations, but can only be accurately assessed at considerable cost. An unregulated university selects, based on relatively low-cost observables, the set of applicants, if any, for whom hardship is accurately assessed. For the latter students, admission and financial aid is directly linked to the readily observed variables that predict potential (e.g., SAT score) and to the hardship measure. For other students, the university employs racial profiling, with admission and financial aid directly linked to race. The model predicts colleges' equilibrium tuition and financial aid policies, expenditures on educational inputs, and the allocation of students of varying characteristics across educational institutions. The recent Supreme Court decision is interpreted as requiring assessment of hardship for any admitted students, thus as disallowing racial profiling. Because performance of assessments is costly, the set of potential student types that are considered is affected. The effects on the characteristics of the student body, tuition and financial aid policies, and provision of inputs are examined. Specific predictions about these effects are made by employing the counter-part computational model that is calibrated to U.S. data


With the opening of Bellavita, a new shopping centre in the heart of Taipei city, Taiwanese consumers' desire for luxury goods has risen to new heights. Because of the owner's socioeconomic status, Bellavita has been called a "GuiFu" department store. In this paper,via qualitative content analysis of 4 newspaper reports, we examine what it means to be a GuiFu, and the impact of GuiFu on consumers. The theoretical framework was consumer culture theory from consumer identity research, and gratification theory from media studies.


Rational scheme of initial allocation of carbon emission rights is the key to the smooth running of carbon trading market. Based on the traditional carbon emission rights allocation mode, this paper combining China's actual development of power industry and characteristics of the distribution of generation resources, put forward the impact of initial allocation of carbon emission rights on power generation replacement analysis model. By studying the impact of initial allocation of carbon emission rights on power generation rights trade, and comparing the different results of power generation rights trade, respectively, based on installed capacity allocation and power generation allocation, it is found that the mode that based on power generation allocation can better promote the power generation rights trade.


Boey et al. (2009) devised a questionnaire for measuring children's awareness of stuttering and showed that even very young children were often aware of their stuttering. There has been no replication of studies using Boey et al.'s parent‐reported questionnaire. The aim of this study was to test whether using Boey et al.'s seven questions, developed for a Dutch speaking population could be effective for measuring the awareness of stuttering in Japanese children.


Advanced circuits based on metamorphic HEMT (MHEMT)technologies on 4 "GaAs substrates for both millimeter-wave,and mixed- signal applications are presented.Extrinsic cut-off frequencies of ft =293 GHz and fmax =337 GHz were achieved for a 70 nm gate length metamorphic HEMT echnology.The MMIC process obtains high yield on transistor and circuit level.Single-stage low-noise amplifiers demonstrate a small signal gain of 13 dB and a noise figure of 2.8 dB at 94 GHz.An amplifier MMIC developed for D-Band operation features a gain of 15 dB at 160 GHz.The achieved results are comparable to state- of-the-art InP-based HEMT technologies.In order to realize 80 Gbit/s digital circuits,a process with 100 nm gate length enhancement type HEMTs with a transit frequency of 200 GHz is used.Three metalization layers are available for interconnects.The parasitic capacitance of the interconnects is kept low by using BCB and plated air bridge technology.Based on this process,static and dynamic frequency dividers achieve a maximu toggle frequency of 70 GHz and 108 GHz,respectively .


Foreword * Introduction and Rationale * Study Objectives, Structure, Methodology, Organization and Countries Agroclimatic Conditions * Methods and Models Developed and Used in the Study * Results of the Country Analyses * Results of the Regional Analyses * Summary, Conclusions and Policy Implications * Index


As the recording density is increasing rapidly in magnetic recording devices, media noise is becoming one of the dominant noise sources. Multilayer structured magnetic films have been reponed to reduce the media noise by weaking intergranular magnetic coupling . However, the correlation between the magnetic and recording propenies and the microstructure of the multilayer films is still not understood very well, which is thought to be crucial for the future design of the multilayer films. In this paper, studies of the magnetic properties, recording performance and microsmcture of single ( CoNi/Cr/NiP/Al ), double (CoNi/Cr/CoNi/Cr/NiP/Al ), and mple ( CoNi/Cr/CoNi/Cr/CoNi/Cr/NiP/Al) layered thin films are reponed. All the films were deposited on circumferentially textured NiP/Al substrates by dc-magnetron sputtering. Magnetic properties and recording charateristics of the media were measured using vibrating sample magnetometer ( VSM ) and metal-in-gap head, respectively. Plan and cross-section view and local composition of the films were studied using mnsmission electron microscopy ( TEM ) and energy dispersive x-ray specmscopy ( EDXS ), respectively.


Among acute viral infections, the widespread occurrence of parain fluenza 3 virus and the established findings that it allows other more sinister organisms to invade the lower respiratory tract would indicate that it is a virus of considerable economic importance. Little is known about the significance of infections caused by adenoviruses and reoviruses. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), caused by a rinderpest-like virus, is of considerable economic importance in West Africa. The her pesvirus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is capable of infect ing goats and sheep. Infections caused by pox viruses and the border disease virus are not primarily respiratory diseases.


Vergil's commentary on political issues is discussed after analyzing the whole of the poet's work. His political engagement - noticeable in much of his work, is clear.The new notion of the functional model, which the poet often used when making a political statement is introduced. New interpretations of a number of the Eclogues and passages of the Georgics and the Aeneid are given.


Numerical calculations have been carried out to investigate the in-cylinder transient flow structure of a controlled auto-ignition (CAI) engine running at speeds of 1500 rpm and 2000 rpm. The calculated turbulent flow structure and velocities are validated against published laser doppler anemometry (LDA) experimental data (Pitcher et al., 2003). The experimental data was reprocessed to represent the time dependent mean velocities for all measured points. The actual geometry configuration of the engine is imported into the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code used in this study. The simulations take into account the movement of the inlet, exhaust valves and the piston. The CFD simulations replicate the experimental work where only air was inserted into a driven optical engine. Also, to simulate an engine in controlled auto-ignition (CAI) mode, the same valve timing that allows 36% internal exhaust gas recirculation (IEGR) was applied for the air intake. The calculated results found to agree well with th...


The Quiet High-Speed Fan program is a cooperative effort between Honeywell Engines & Systems (formerly AlliedSignal Engines & Systems) and the NASA Glenn Research Center. Engines & Systems has designed an advanced high-speed fan that will be tested on the Ultra High Bypass Propulsion Simulator in the NASA Glenn 9 x 15 foot wind tunnel, currently scheduled for the second quarter of 2000. An Engines & Systems modern fan design will be used as a baseline. A nacelle model is provided that is characteristic of a typical, modern regional aircraft nacelle and meets all of the program test objectives.


An automated data buoy system for environmental monitoring in the Arctic was developed. The buoy is designed to operate for a minimum of 1 year providing position and environmental data through polar-orbiting satellite telecommunications. It can be deployed by a two or three man crew using a small aircraft. It is capable of operating in both free-floating and frozen-in situations. An experimental unit successfully completed a 5-month test at Fletcher's Ice Island (T-3) during the winter of 1971-72 and six units were deployed in the Arctic during the spring of 1972. Results to data have demonstrated the utility of the basic design, the effectiveness of the satellite communications, and the feasibility of deploying and operating a large array of such buoy systems in the Arctic Ocean.


In August of 1923, at the age of twenty-six, the Galician poet Uri Zvi Greenberg traveled from Berlin via Italy to Palestine/Eretz Israel, arriving in December. Greenberg, who grew up in Lemberg (i.e., Lvov, or Lviv), had already made a name for himself as a poet. By mid-1910, he was recognized as a talented and ambitious composer of neo-romantic Hebrew and Yiddish verse and later, in the aftermath of the Great War, as a prolific and vocal representative of a circle of Yiddish avant-garde poets in Warsaw. There, in the capital of the newly reestablished Republic of Poland, he launched an Expressionist literary journal entitled Albatros, in allusion to Baudelaire's famous poem. The second issue of Albatros was banned as blasphemous by the Polish censor due to representations of the figure of Christ in Greenberg's poetry. Greenberg was forced to flee Poland overnight. It is likely that he had already been entertaining the idea of joining the Yeshuv, the Jewish community, in Eretz Israel, but it seems that he needed time to prepare himself properly for the move. Thus, after fleeing Warsaw, he stayed for several months in the metropolis of Berlin, which at the time was a center of Yiddish cultural life and a transit station of sorts for migrants making their way from east to west (Dohrn/Pickhan 2010). Indeed, Berlin afforded the young poet an ideal abode. While there, he succeeded in publishing the third and fourth issues of his Albatros (in one volume) and then began what would become his first book of Hebrew poetry; this book would be published later, in the spring of 1925, just sixteen months after he reached "Earthly Jerusalem." Greenberg wrote this poetry not in Yiddish, the vernacular of Eastern European Jews, but in Hebrew. This abrupt shift to a language that many of his Zionist contemporaries regarded as the original Jewish tongue and therefore reserved exclusively for Jews living in their homeland was just one of numerous artistic measures that Greenberg employed to dramatize his transition from Europe to the Middle East as an act establishing an independent Jewish self, i.e., a Jewish self liberated from its European "other." A similar motive is evident in the journalistic writings that Greenberg published alongside his poetic writings in Albatros. These texts were intended to function as a "reflective summarizing


A Few Brief Moments from Afghan Women's History Events Leading Up to the Soviet Invasion The Response Friends The Russians in Afghanistan Russian Women in Afghanistan Afghans in Russia Holy Warriors Rockets Red Glare The Taliban Camp Life Health Crazy in Three Languages Education Child Bride Mothers and Daughters Princess Pavement Women A Walk in the Park Mightier Than the Sword Help Far from Home Fighting Back International Women's Day Conclusion Appendix Bibliography Index


A variety of medications ranging from antiarrhythmics to psychotropics, as well as conditions such as bradycardia, can prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk for life‐threatening arrhythmias. Monitoring the corrected QT interval (QTc) is therefore critical for patient safety. The recent development of smart phone heart monitors (SHM) may allow for easier QTc monitoring. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of an SHM for assessing the QTc, as compared to the standard 12‐lead ECG.


Abstract Aim To evaluate clinical outcomes, radiological findings (displacement and angulation), and bony fusion in cases of unstable hangman's fracture. Introduction Hangman fracture, also known as traumatic spondylolisthesis of axis vertebra, is classically defined as bilateral pars interarticularis fracture of axis vertebra. Opinions vary regarding optimal treatment of unstable hangman's fractures. Some authors have recommended use of rigid orthosis, whereas others have recommended internal fixation. The peculiar anatomy of the upper cervical spine is highly variable, and presence of surrounding neurovascular structures makes axis pedicle screw fixation even more technically challenging. The advent of intraoperative three-dimensional navigation systems facilitates safe and accurate instrumentation. Materials and Methods This article analyzes patients operated for type II and IIa hangman's fractures during the period from September 2011 to August 2018 by two neurosurgeons. The patients' age, sex, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, and neurologic status were noted. The authors retrospectively assessed the clinical outcome, radiological findings (displacement and angulation), and bony fusion. Result Eighteen patients with age ranging from 17 to 81 years, were operated using computed tomography-based (O-arm) navigation. Accuracy of screw insertion, preoperative and postoperative displacement, and angulation of C2 over C3 were evaluated. Bony fusion was assessed in all patients. A total of 92 screws were inserted: 36 screws in C2 pedicle, 34 in C3 lateral mass, 20 in C4 lateral mass, and 2 in C5 lateral mass. Of these 92 screws, 36 C2 pedicle screws were inserted under O-arm guidance. The mean preoperative C2–C3 displacement was 4.5 ± 2.1 mm, and the mean postoperative displacement was 1.8 ± 1.1 mm with a mean reduction of 2.7 ± 1.4 mm. The mean preoperative C2–C3 angulation was 10.2 ± 7.6 degrees and the postoperative angulation was 2.52 ± 4.62 degrees with a mean reduction of 8.2 ± 11.6 degrees. Screw malplacement was seen in two C2 pedicle screws (2/36, 5.5%). All C2 pedicle screw breaches were of grade 2. Excellent anatomical reduction in all cases could be achieved as established by the improvement in morphological parameters of fracture. Conclusion This series using O-arm in unstable hangman fracture demonstrates that intraoperative O-arm-based navigation is a safe, accurate, and effective tool for screw placement in patients with unstable hangman fracture.


This paper discusses the characteristic of SCDMA, presents a typical network model, the main equipments and its function. As a new wireless access method with high performance/price rate, SCDMA has advantage on telephone operation.


Application of the differencing procedures devised by Alcouffe and Larsen to the diffusion-synthetic acceleration of multidimensional nodal S/sub n/ calculations yields difference equations that may not be efficiently solvable and has so far been accomplished only for the lowest order constant-constant (C-C) nodal scheme. An alternative differencing technique has been described in which the spatial approximations applied to the continuous diffusion operator are consistent in the P/sub 1/ limit with corresponding approximations made in deriving the nodal S/sub n/ equations. The effectiveness of this technique, which is applicable to any S/sub n/ method, has previously been demonstrated for the C-C and constant-linear (C-L) nodal schemes. Here the author extends the technique to the higher order linear nodal (LN) scheme and demonstrates that the diffusion difference equations obtained can be solved efficiently despite their increased complexity and that the resulting synthetic iteration procedure is stable and rapidly convergent. Very recently, Lawrence developed a different synthetic acceleration method based on an interface-current approach and also applied it successfully to the LN equations.


The genus Tylencholaimus de Man, 1876 is a diversified and widely distributed nematode taxon, hitherto including 56 valid species. During the last decade, more than a dozen species have been added to the inventory but, unfortunately, these new taxa were not always well characterised. As a consequence, the taxonomy of the genus has become more intricate and species identification more difficult. Baqri and Bohra (2001) described T. nagauriensis from India and characterised it as having, among other features, the perioral area of the lip region differentiated into a disc-like structure. The study of a population recently collected from Pakistan, as well as the re-examination of one paratype, revealed that such differentiation does not exist and further studies have been undertaken to clarify the status of the species in the light of new evidence. One female paratype of T. nagauriensis deposited in the University of Jaén nematode collection, as well as 18 females collected from the rhizosphere of wheat in Pakistan, have been studied. Moreover, several specimens of other similar species were also examined for comparative purposes, viz., one female paratype of T. notrus Khan, Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1990, one female of T. dorae Kruger, 1965 (syn. of T. obscurus Jairajpuri, 1965), and type material of T. terrestris Peña-Santiago & Coomans, 1996. All of these specimens were from the University of Jaén nematode collection. Nematodes were photographed with a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope and a Nikon DS digital camera. SEM studies were made on specimens dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, critical point dried, coated with gold and observed with a Jeol JSM-5800 microscope.


Safflower seed extract was prepared by a high-pressure extraction technology and its quality characteristics were compared to that of other conventional extraction techniques, such ultrasonic and reflux extractions. Safflower seeds were extracted with 80% aqueous ethanol by three above extraction methods, and further fractionated with Diaion HP-20 column chromatography to obtain a partially purified safflower seed extract (PPSSE). Among the three extraction techniques examined, the reflux extraction showed the higher yields of EtOH extract and PPE than the ultrasonic and high-pressure extractions. Levels of most phenolic compounds in the EtOH extract of safflower seed are higher in reflux and ultrasonic extractions than the high pressure extraction, but levels of two serotonin aglycones, N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS), in PPSSE were higher in the high pressure extraction than the reflux and ultrasonic extractions. In addition, color values (L and a) of the PPSSE were higher in the high-pressure extraction than the reflux and ultrasonic extractions, although there were no significant differences in pH and UV maxima absorption spectra among three extraction techniques. These results indicate that the high-pressure extraction technology is a simple and effective extraction for preparation of a high quality of safflower seed extract containing CS and FS with anti-wrinkle activity.


X80 pipeline steel specimens were treated by electrochemical hydrogen charging under various current densities and charging time.The polarization resistance and corrosion rate of X80 steel were analyzed in Yingtan simulated soil solution under the different hydrogen charging conditions.The results show that with the hydrogen charging current density increased from 1 mA/cm2 to 20 mA/cm2,the free-corrosion potential of X80 moved negatively,charge transfer resistance Rt dropped from 1 176 Ω·cm2 to 909 Ω ·cm2,double electric layer capacitors increased from 0.000 16 μF/cm2 to 0.001 7μF/cm2 and corrosion current density increased from 3.322 mA/cm2 to 6.880 mA/cm2.When filling hydrogen time increased from 1 h to 5 h,Rt changed from 1 522 Ω ·cm2 down to 749 Ω ·cm2,double electric layer capacitors increased from 0.000 14 μF/cm2 to 0.007 5 μF/cm2 and corrosion current density increased from 2.91 mA/cm2 to 5.01 mA/cm2.This suggests that electrochemical hydrogen charging result in anodic dissolution rate of the weak spots and concentration of metal ions increased.Hydrogen speeded up anodic dissolution of X80 steel and leaded to higher corrosion sensitivity at the steel surface.


I model innovation as a problem solving process and characterize an innovation firm's optimal organizational and managerial choices. Many of these choices differ from those optimal for other problem solving processes, e.g., at hospitals, law firms, or in manufacturing. These differences are due to a difference in the nature of the problems the firms face: Solving an innovation problem means figuring out how to do something for the first time. Solving a legal, managerial, or medical problem means matching the problem to the appropriate known solution. The results show that sustainable innovation may not only be a question of how to stimulate idea generation, how to assess which ideas to pursue, or how to incentivize workers to pursue reasonable ideas but may also hinge on optimal organization and management of knowledge workers. ∗University of Toronto. I thank Luis Garicano, Lars Stole, Emir Kamenica, Canice Prendergast, Robert Akerlof, Joseph Blasi, Alessandro Bonati, Eric Budish, John Conlon, Florian Ederer, Robert Gibbons, Gustave Manso, Bruce Weinberg, and Ben Cambpell for valuable discussions. I thankfully acknowledge the support through a Beryl Sprinkel Fellowship and a Beyster Fellowship. The paper previously circulated under the titel "A Tale of (Two) Teams: How Uncertainty and Complexity Drive Team Formation." Contact: email@example.com


Some of (p, n), (d, p), (d, n) and (d, ~3He) reactions involving heavy-ions in reversed geome-tries are proposed for producing the kinematically compressed beams of ions such as~6He, ~7Be, ~8Li, ~(11)C, ~(12)B, ~(13)N, ~(15)O and ~(17)F. A simple facility being constructed to produce and utilizethese beams is briefly described.


By using index β * and δ * ,this paper carries out an empirical analysis on diversity of regional economic growth in Jiangsu province. Firstly, the paper, from the point of view of economics, divides diversity theories of economic growth into three categories, i.e. the theory of convergence, the theory of divergence and the theory of constant differentials, and analyses them respectively. Secondly, the paper, using sectional and time series data, compares and studies regional economic growth among southern, middle and northern part of Jiangsu province. Finally, the paper analyses the empirical conclusions. The main conclusion is that the theory of convergence is suit to Jiangsu economic growth.


Notes 2303 Isotopic analyses of bone collagen of European cave bears (Ursus speleaus) have provided additional insight into their nutritional ecology, but these analyses are a tool that must be used in conjunction with other methods of investigation. While Bocherens' comments focused purely on the methodology of isotope analyses to argue that cave bears were vegetarians, we base our conclusion of omnivory in this comment on ursid morphology, isotopic analyses, digestive physiology, and foraging dynamics. However, we do wish to (i) correct an error identified by Bocherens and (ii) propose an alternative view of cave bear diets that bridges the relatively narrow conclusions reached by other recent investigators. All Pleistocene samples analyzed by Hilderbrand et al. (1996) were bone collagen extracted from adult specimens. Thus, the influence of a cub's milk diet and the resulting increased δ15N signatures of dentine collagen are irrelevant to the conclusions of Hilderbrand et al. (1996). However, the error that we made was in assuming that the collagen values in Bocherens et al. (1994, Table 5) were for bone. Because they are actually tooth collagen values, they are not comparable to the bone collagen values measured by Hilderbrand et al. (1996). While geographic variation in isotopic signatures can occur, the degree of variation seen is not enough to refute the conclusions reached by Hilderbrand et al. (1996). The north to south δ15N gradient suggested by Bocherens is not a simple, straightforward process (Cormie and Schwarcz 1994). While grazing bovids would generally increase their consumption of C4 grasses in more southerly latitudes and thereby have an increased δ15N signature, cave bears are characteristic of "a food chain based on C3 plants" (Nelson 1998). North American cervids, ranging from latitude 36 to 60N, preferentially feed on C3 plants and display similar δ15N signatures (3.9 ± 0.6‰ in Alaska, 4.0 ± 1.0‰ in Yellowstone National Park, and 4.3 ± 1.0‰ in Colorado and New Mexico (Jacoby et al. 1999)). Cave bear remains have been found across a similar latitudinal range (38–52N) in Europe (Kurten 1976). Hilderbrand et al. (1996) recognized that cave bears ranged across Europe and likely consumed varied diets, therefore adult cave bear specimens were selected from widely diverse geographic locations. Thus, rather than infer characteristics of the entire species from samples collected at a few sites in France (Bocherens et al. 1994), Hilderbrand et al. (1996) assesed the dietary ecology of the species from samples collected across the cave bear's range. Yield, %C, and %N of extracted collagen were assessed for all samples by Hilderbrand et al. (1996). However, these values were not reported because (i) no isotope values would have been reported if it was not certain that bone collagen was indeed being used, as yield of extraction and purity are basic to all such studies (Chisholm et al. 1983, cited by Hilderbrand et al. 1996), and (ii) assessment of the European cave bear diet was a small part of a much larger study in which more than 1000 samples were analyzed for their isotope content, and the reporting of all such data seemed superfluous. The δ15N values reported for bone collagen of modern and historic mammals by Bocherens et al. (1994) and Hilderbrand et al. (1996), with the exception of the cave bear, are very similar and within expected ranges. However, the cave bear bone collagen values are very different, 2.9 ± 1.3‰ (n = 9) (Table 1 in Bocherens et al. 1994) versus 8.4 ± 0.5‰ (n = 10) (Hilderbrand et al. 1996). Either a mistake was made by one group, as suggested by Bocherens, or both values are correct and require a biological explanation. The traditional view of European cave bears as herbivores originated from studies of morphology, specifically jaw structure, dentition, and tooth wear (Kurten 1972), prior to detailed studies of bear nutritional ecology. Kurten (1972) argued that "vegetarianism [had] gone to a veritable culmination in the cave bear" in which the "lengthened and expanded molars" were necessary to degrade the "tough cellulose which encased the plant cell wall." Recent studies of cave bear diets using morphology and (or) isotopic analyses have led to varying conclusions, including that they were (i) a strictly vegetarian (Bocherens et al. 1994), (ii) highly omnivorous, specializing on plant parts (e.g., "particularly tough nuts and fibrous tubers") and invertebrates (e.g., grubs) (Stiner et al. 1998), (iii) highly specialized "root grubbers" that could not have been vegetarian in the sense of consuming only leaves and stems but may have supplemented their diet with rodents encountered during root digging (Mattson 1997), and (iv) omnivores that consumed vertebrate flesh in addition to the wide range of other plant and animal foods consumed by north-temperate-zone bears (Hilderbrand et al. 1996). While tooth wear and dentition indicate that plant matter, tubers, and associated abrasive material were components of


The purpose of this study is to characterize, through isotopic mixture models (13C and 15N), the diet of pelagic top predators of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Thus, samples of muscular tissue were collected from individuals of the species: Xiphias gladius, Thunnus obesus, Thunnus alalunga, Thunnus albacares, Prionace glauca, Alopias superciliosus and Isurus oxyrinchus. Results indicate the diet of X. gladius is primarily composed by cephalopods (Ommastrephidae squids). A similar pattern is presented by T. alalunga, whose food is also mainly composed by Ommastrephidae squids. T. obesus and T. albacares present similar compositions, but smaller pelagic fish species are important to their diet compositions. A. superciliosus feeds mainly on Scombridae species (T. albacares and T. alalunga). A. superciliosus diet is composed mainly by Scombridae species, differing from that one from P. glauca, whose diet consists of smaller pelagic fish. The use of information in a conjugated way of the predators' stomach contents as well as the isotopic tissue analyses may be a important step towards a more complete understanding of pelagic food web composition in Southwestern Atlantic Ocean.


In this paper, I support Anderson & Lepore's (2013a,b) claim that the meaning of racial and ethnic slurs cannot be accounted for either in semantic or in pragmatic terms, but I argue, in my search for cognitively real explanations, that there is more to say about slurs than the mere claim that they are prohibited words. By adopting speakers' main intended and successfully communicated messages as the object of my linguistic analysis, I extend the scope of application of Jaszczolt's (2005, 2010, 2016) Default Semantics and o'er theoretical but psychologically plausible representations of slurring language meaning.


We study a universal phenomenon of nonlinear dynamicsthe A rnol'd Diffusionin a model system with 2.5 degrees of freedom. In the model an influence of three main resonances which take place in a phase space of the system is considered. The results obtained during classical and quantum-mechanical observation are compared. It was shown that a dependence of a rate of the quantum Arnol'd diffusion on parameters of the model behave alike classical one, however a value of the diffusion rate using methods of quantum mechanics lesser then that in classical case approximately at one of the order. It was found that presence of a threshold by the perturbation parameters is not necessarily feature of the Arnol'd diffusion. Also it was shown that there can occur a hybrid process in the quantum system in weak chaotic regime what doesn't have classical analoguediffus ion along resonance plus oscillations across overlapped resonances.


With exponential development in the semiconductor technology in recent years, the magnitudes of test power consumption and test data volumes have increased significantly. This has resulted in over-testing because of IR drops. This paper proposes a reconfigurable scan architecture to overcome these challenges. The proposed architecture increases the flexibility of the scan partitioning technique to maximize the reduction in the switching activity, and it uses the scan segment skip technique to reduce the data volume. The results show that our method is able to achieve significant reductions in the total test power and data volumes compared with previous methods.


Laser energy transmission through hard tissue was investigated using a pulsed Holmium:YAG laser (2.12 micrometers wavelength). The surface of extracted human dental tissue, 200 micrometers to 700 micrometers in thickness, was irradiated by a laser beam of various fluences between 3 J/cm2 to 28 J/cm2. The transmitted energy through different dentinal components of the tooth was measured. For the mature teeth, the region of the dentinoenamel junction showed the least transmission and the coronal the most; the difference between the two regions could be as large as 20%. The unerupted or young teeth revealed the opposite transmission characteristics. Repeated laser treatment revealed an enhanced transmissibility and the transmitted energy reached a plateau after certain irradiation exposure. Also studied were the effects of various media on the dental transmissibility. For example, surface application of a smear layer of unfilled resin did not change the transmissibility but appeared to slow down the temperature build-up. Visible surface damage -- a yellow or a white spot on the treatment site -- appeared when the fluence reached beyond 20 J/cm2. SEM samples revealed three different surface structural changes: melting with tubule closures, surface removal with tubule exposures, and surface cracking with crater formation, depending on the level of irradiation.


We briefly discuss the impact of initial data from the KEK-to-Kamioka (K2K) neutrino experiment on the nu_mu-->nu_tau oscillation parameters (m^2,tan^2 psi) currently indicated by the Super-Kamiokande (SK) atmospheric neutrino experiment. After showing the very good agreement between K2K and SK, we combine the two separate pieces of information. We find that the 99% C.L. range for m^2 allowed by SK only, m^2=[1.3, 5.6]x10^-3 eV^2, is reduced to [1.5, 4.8]x10^-3 eV^2 by including K2K data. By halving the uncertainties of the K2K total rate (with central value unchanged), the m^2 range would be ulteriorly reduced to [1.8, 4.0]x10^-3 eV^2. Such information appears to be already useful in planning (very) long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.


Non-contact micromanipulation technique is needed to develop micromachine technology. Using a standing wave field generated between a transducer and a reflector, it was possible to trap particles in water at nodes of the sound pressure distribution and transport them. The present paper describes an advanced technique to manipulate particles three-dimensionally using four transducers. The transducers were settled at each corner of a regular triangular pyramid with their sound-beam axes crossing at the center of the pyramid. When all transducers are driven in the same frequency, a standing wave field, which is distributed in three-dimensionally is generated in the crossing region. It is possible to move a particle in any direction in the three-dimensional space by shifting the phase of each transducer. Thus, threedimensional non-contact manipulation of a particle has been accomplished. Transducer Reflector Trasducer Tr an sd uc er


The traditional methods for the regression of alternate data, methods such as linear regression, polynomial regression and exponential regression, are used widely. When we compared their results with the original data, we found some unacceptably large errors. At this point view we present the GM(1,1) model to decrease the error. In this paper, first, we investigate the traditional and the GM(1,1) regression models. Second, we give an alternate data set as an example and to find their regression results. The third step, we compare the errors of traditional method with the error of GM(1,1) model, and list their rank to improve that the GM(1,1) model is a more suitable method in the regression.


Abstract: The Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of connected devices with inputs and outputs operating in, and on, the physical world. The network is simultaneously fed by, and feeds into, data streams flowing across digital-physical boundaries, connecting sensors, servers, actuators, devices, and people. 'Things' of all types, lightbulbs, doorbells, kettles and cars, discretely-but-visibly do their jobs. Meanwhile in the unseen digital domain, where data swirls imperceptible to humans, the atmosphere is thick with the rapidly-moving data packets and content that constitute inter-machine chatter. Contrasting the visible calm in the physical world with obscured bedlam in the digital otherworld sets the scene for the argument we present in this paper. Applying Object Orientated Ontology, IoT designers may reimagine data, devices, and users, as equally significant actants in a flat ontology. In this paper, we exemplify our arguments by creating a Design Fiction around a reimagined 'smart kettle'.


Introduction Hepatitis C is a leading cause of death from liver disease in the United States. Acute hepatitis C infection is often asymptomatic, and >50% of cases will progress to chronic infection, which can be life-threatening. Hepatitis C can be diagnosed with a blood test and is curable, yet new cases of this preventable disease are increasing. Methods National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data were analyzed to determine the rate of acute hepatitis C cases reported to CDC by age group and year during 2009–2018 and the number and rate of newly reported chronic cases in 2018 by sex and age. The proportion of adults aged ≥20 years with hepatitis C who reported having ever been told that they had hepatitis C was estimated with 2015–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Results During 2018, a total of 3,621 cases of acute hepatitis C were reported, representing an estimated 50,300 cases (95% confidence interval [CI] = 39,800–171,600). The annual rate of reported acute hepatitis C cases per 100,000 population increased threefold, from 0.3 in 2009 to 1.2 in 2018, and was highest among persons aged 20–29 (3.1) and 30–39 years (2.6) in 2018. A bimodal distribution of newly reported chronic hepatitis C cases in 2018 was observed, with the highest proportions among persons aged 20–39 years and 50–69 years. Only 60.6% (95% CI = 46.1%–73.9%) of adults with hepatitis C reported having been told that they were infected. Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice Increasing rates of acute hepatitis C among young adults, including reproductive-aged persons, have put multiple generations at risk for chronic hepatitis C. The number of newly reported chronic infections was approximately equal among younger and older adults in 2018. The new CDC hepatitis C testing recommendations advise screening all adults and pregnant women, not just persons born during 1945–1965, and those with risk factors.


The fish in our experiment grew fastest when fed the prepared diets. However, because hand-feeding hundreds to thousands of juvenile toadfish is not practical, we are attempting to refine the feeding techniques to reduce or eliminate this time-consuming step. The 4and 5-week-old toadfish have begun foraging, indicating that the food presentation may only be needed during the first month. ariations in each tank (water chemis ry, ambient light, vibration) ere not examined and may have subtly influenced individual fish. inally, the en rgy expenditure (foraging vs. "hand" feeding) etween the liv and prepared di ts will need to be addressed in the We thank the Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve for use of their facilities. We thank H. Richmond, J. Hanley, and B. Mebane for help with aquarium set-up. We thank C. Taylor for education assistance. Funded by NIH grant DC01837.


The paper will explain the basic terms of knowledge and information management (KIM) in the context of construction. The methodology of collecting the data on KIM practice in construction company will be presented. The methodology was initially applied on five construction companies, where three of them are large international and present at Croatian market, and two of them are Croatian companies, the leaders at the local market. The results of the methodology application and the conclusions on the state of practice in KIM in Croatia will be presented.


The determination of gold, silver, copper, zinc, nickel and palladium in gold alloys was carried out by means of a spark emission spectrometer. The emission spectra were evaluated with different calibration methods. Characteristic spectral lines of all elements were selected and the available reference materials were separated into three groups corresponding to their concentration of gold. After optimization of the operating parameters, the calibration function was calculated using only one spectral line of each spectrum. RSD of about 1–5% m/m were calculated, which are in the range of those for other commercially available spark emission spectrometers. The long term stability showed RSDs values lower than 5% m/m. The same spectra as analysed above were evaluated using multivariate calibration functions. With this technique RSD values of the model of about 1–3% m/m were obtained.


ABSTRACTNarrative structures are readily available in our culture and people automatically draw on them in most meaning-making activities. The research interview is one of many such activities. Narrative structures influence how informants remember their experience and subsequently tell researchers about it in an interview. Researchers also draw upon narrative structures because they hear and understand in narratives. Informal or implicit interpretation as opposed to explicit interpretation are discussed. The "iceberg" metaphor is used to describe the two kinds of interpretation. The tip of the iceberg is explicit interpretation, which is what researchers write in their research reports. The biggest part, however, is informal interpretation. It is out of sight and usually unexamined because it is built into the strategies researchers employ to make sense of data.


A theoretical relationship is derived to estimate the sea surface skin temperature from near-surface wind speed and the diurnal variation of sea surface bulk (or bucket) temperature. Coefficients in the relation are determined using the R/V Franklin data during the Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE). In contrast to previous methods, surface energy flux data are not explicitly required but rather are implied by the temporal variation of bulk temperature. A multiyear hourly skin temperature data set is obtained using data of bulk temperature at 1-m depth and wind speed from the TOGA Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean (TAO) moored buoys spanning the tropical Pacific Ocean from 95°W in the eastern Pacific to 137°E in the western Pacific between 9°N and 8°S. The diurnal amplitude of skin temperature reaches its maximum of about 2.8 K for daily averaged wind speed between 1–2 m s−1 and skin temperature between 20°–21°C and decreases with greater wind speeds. The most frequent amplitude is about 0.5 K, the average amplitude is 0.65 K, and the accumulated frequency for amplitudes greater than 1 K is 10% within the parameter space of daily averaged wind speed between 1 and 15 m s−1 and daily averaged skin temperature between 18° and 34°C.


Implicit ideological and political education is that educators via a certain way to integrate educational content into the environment, make educated affected by subtle, so as to achieve the aims of education. University education in order to enhance performance and achieve the expected goals of education should be hidden factors into ideological and political education theory classes. This article is in this context, the analysis of the connotation implicit education and further analyzes the role and value of the hidden value of educational factors in the ideological and political theory courses in the realization of the path, in order to be able to promote ideological and political education classes in developments in the benefit.


Few previous investigations show that Carum Carvi (CC) may control pain in both animal and human. The aim of this work was to assess the role of CC on acute and chronic pain in formalin test in mice.
In this study male albino mice (25-30 g) were used. CC (100 and 500 mg/kg) and saline were injected 30 min before formalin test. Indexes of signs were licking and foot elavation for assessment of acute pain (5 min) and chronic pain (15-40 min) after injection of formalin 5% (25 µl) in right paw.
Results indicated that CC has analgesic effect pain in both doses in acute and chronic phases and higher dose of the drug was more effective (P


The invention provides a voice control web browsing method based on a mobile terminal, comprising the following steps of: acquiring a voice message input by a user through the voice control unit of the mobile terminal; searching a voice control command matched with the voice message in the mobile terminal according to the acquired voice message; and controlling the mobile terminal to execute corresponding operations by utilizing the searched voice control command, wherein the voice control command is generated in advance according to the voice message input by the user through the voice control unit of the mobile terminal, and is correlatively stored in the mobile terminal in advance with the input voice information. By utilizing the method, the user of the mobile terminal can call an inherent voice control interface of the mobile terminal to modify the prestored voice control command in a voice control web page browsing device according to the requirements of the user, thereby ensuring that the user can carry out the corresponding operation when inputting a new voice message by voice, and the invention has good openness.


In 1975, Xerox put on "hold" and nearly cancelled the development of a high speed xerographic-scanning laser computer printer because prior market research had failed to demonstrate that the company could profitably market such a product. A team composed of Management Scientists, market researchers, and product planners designed and implemented a market-research-based forecasting system for high-speed computer printers. The forecasting system models the behavior of each market research respondent with respect to choice of computer printers. It predicts his choices from among sets of alternatives and his usage levels of the selected products. The system then uses product marketing scenarios to construct a dynamic version of these predictions and produces detailed forecasts of product populations and usage over time. Use of this system produced a credible analysis of the market; based on this analysis, Xerox decided to develop, announce, and manufacture the 9700 Electronic Printing System. The forecasting s...


Managing today's innovation processes becomes increasingly difficult due to higher dynamics and complexity along the PSS lifecycle. To be able to consider dynamics along the lifecycle early in the innovation process, an integrated understanding of the PSS lifecycle is crucial. Therefore, this paper addresses a PSS lifecycle model considering phases from the planning and development of PSS throughout the phases of use and disposal. The lifecycle of the physical component (product) must thereby not be seen separately from the associated service lifecycle. Based on existing lifecycle models in the areas of service engineering and integrated product development, an aggregated PSS lifecycle model is deduced and discussed.


Recently, the Lao PDR has achieved high economic growth at around 7-8 percent annually which is very stable and robust growth in Asian economic dynamics, in particular in ASEAN. Vital public investments play an important role to develop social infrastructures and then strengthen the supply-side economy. This paper analyzes the macroeconomic structure and causes of high economic growth of Lao PDR by utilizing a macroeconometric model. According to the econometric analysis, vital public sector investment behaviors have caused to strengthen the supply-side economy and exports, which resulted in foreign capital and public investment increases through its virtuous circle.


Currently there are multiple ways to interpret ecological literature texts.This article attempts to explore a new approach to ecological literature text comprehension—the psychological approach.This thesis suggests that Gestalt,inter-subjectivity(as a carrier of psychology),and Carl G.Jung's psychological analysis method are the three effective ways to interpret ecological literature texts.The thesis emphasizes that these ways are valid in analyzing the psychological background of the writer and his/her era,contributing to the revelation of the ecological denotation by "individual" and "collective".At the same time,with psychological analysis,the thesis discusses the "non-riss" relationship between literature texts and ecological ethics.Lastly,the thesis points out that the psychological approach only provides a new plausible perspective for interpreting ecological literature texts and we should use it reasonably to analyze the ecological trace in literature works.


Sir:There may be benefit in the approval and funding of pre-registration posts in specialities other than general medicine and surgery. Indeed a number of posts in general practice have existed for some time.

A recent report by the Royal College of Physicians of London ([2000][1]), published on-


This research was conducted to examine the relationship between self concept and employability skills at multi level marketing consultant in Jakarta. The research method used is quantitative method, with total sample of 203 female multi level marketing consultant in Jakarta using random sampling. Self-concept is measured using self-concept scale, Personal Self-Concept (PSC) (Eider Goni, 2011) which consist 14 items while Employability skills is measured using SCANS SKILLS ASSESSMENT (Roberts T. Jones, 2000) which consist 24 items. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation analyze on spss ver. 20.0 to see the relationship between self concept variables to employability skills variable. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship that is 0.000 <0.05 between self concept and employability skills at multi level marketing consultant in jakarta with value r = 0.448.
Keywords: Self Concept, Employability Skills, Multi Level Marketing Consultant

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji hubungan antara konsep diri dan employability skills pada konsultan multi level marketing di Jakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif, dengan total sampel 203 perempuan konsultan multi level marketing di Jakarta menggunakan random sampling. Konsep diri diukur menggunakan skala konsep diri, Personal Self-Concept (PSC) (Eider, Jose, Inge, & Alfredo, 2011) yang terdiri dari 14 item. Employability skills menggunakan skala kompetensi employability skills, SCANS SKILLS ASSESSMENT (Roberts, Lynn, & dkk, 2000) yang terdiri dari 24 item. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan software SPSS versi 20.0 dengan menggunakan analisis korelasi pearson untuk melihat hubungan antara variabel konsep diri terhadap variabel employability skills. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan yaitu 0.000 < 0.05 antara konsep diri dan employability skills pada konsultan multi level marketing di jakarta dengan nilai r = 0.448.
Kata kunci: Konsep Diri, Employability Skills, Konsultan Multi Level Marketing


Treatment and disposal of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag, a residue of the steel production process characterized by high basicity and propensity for heavy metal leaching


In continuation of a research on novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, a one-pot synthesis of title compounds starting from dicyanoketene dithioacetal (I) is developed.


This paper presents the coupling of finite element method (FEM) with smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) to simulate the impact in hydrodynamic ram (HRAM). The main objective was to determine the pressure history by specific particle, which was a new point of view in HRAM study. Commonly, pressure history was obtained by many particles which located at the same location but at different time. Fragment simulating projectile (FSP) with velocity of 972 m/s was employed to impact water-filled tank. For validation purpose, two parameters i.e. mode of failure and wall deformation were employed. Good agreement was observed. On top of pressure history result, pressure and location of the particle at various times were presented.


This paper presents a real-time parameter identification algorithm for periodic signals, based on the recursive variable projection (RVP) algorithm. The recursive implementation enables the tracking of time-varying parameters. The signal model is linear with respect to the amplitude parameters while being nonlinear with respect to the phase and frequency. This feature motivates the use of a variable projection based approach. Its performance is tested using Monte Carlo simulations and the results are compared with those obtained by a multiobjective Gauss-Newton (MGN) algorithm. Furthermore, the RVP algorithm is applied to measurement data acquired by a MEMS accelerometer and it is demonstrated that it can successfully track time-varying linear and nonlinear parameters.


Sheep prolactin at a concentration of 10 μg./ml. significantly reduces spontaneous activity of human Fallopian tubes in vitro. This effect may be of importance in the migration of the ovum through the Fallopian tube.


The main problem discussed in this research is low quality of solid waste services in Bandung Municipality, Bandung Regency, Surnedang Regency and Cimahi Municipality. This research is designed as an explanatory survey, with qualitative and quantitative approach. The quantitative data was analysed using PATH Analysis. The result demonstrates that facilities planning both partially and simultaneously affected the solid waste services quality. Likewise, the coordination either directly or indirectly affected the solid waste services quality. it was obvious that the solid waste services quality was significantly affected by the two variables.


Proterozoic fenites near Cantley, Quebec, formed from biotite gneiss and hypersthene-augite gneiss by metasomatism possibly related to carbonatite, are characterized by magnesio-arfvedsonite, magnesioriebeckite and aegirine. The ratio Ca,/(Ca+Na+K) decreases from older to younger pyriboles. In maguesioarfvedsonite, the ratio Fe1/@e1+Mg) first increases and then decreases, but K remains constant with respect to Na and Ca. Magnesio-riebeckite, replacing cummingtonite or hypersthene, shows a trend similar to that of magnesioarfvedsonite but is notably depleted in K and F. In magnesio-arfvedsonite, and possibly magnesio-riebeckite, the-A sites are progressively filled. Na-amphibole and Napyroxene, in the same hand specimen, are approximately coeval. Early aegirine substitutes for the hedenbergite endmember, and later aegirine, for tle diopside end-member. Iate aegirine is contenporaneous with major growth of @e, Ti) oxides. Na-pyriboles from open systems, such as those of the Cantley fenite, tend to define curves on chemical variation diagrams, whereas those from closed systems tend to cluster; those formed in either syslem, but from protoliths of different chemical g6mpo5itions, give random


In vitro tumor spheroids are generated using scaffold-free technologies, e.g. hanging drop, agar gel sandwich, and low adhesive surfaces, etc, for drug screening applications. Some of these platforms are currently adapting towards reducing spheroid time formation and increasing highthroughput workflow. Here, we show the use of 3-dimensional (3D) polymer scaffolds to generate multicellular spheroids in an efficient manner. Using 3D Polystyrene (PS) InsertsTM, a 3D scaffold with 100% pore interconnectivity, several cancer cell lines were able to produce spheroids as early as 2 days in culture. Further characterization of spheroid formation showed that the number and size of the spheroids appear to be dependent on cell type and scaffold geometry. For example, endometrial cancer cells generated a large pool of small spheroids and osteosarcoma cultured in the scaffold produced a fewer pool of larger spheroids. In conclusion, the 3D PS InsertTM represents a novel platform to generate spheroids for standard drug screening and potential in vitro cancer and stroma co-culture models.


The authors carefully survey the world literature on griseofulvin and give their own experiences at the St. Louis Hospital which coincided with those of other dermatologists. No case has been epilated with x-rays since March., 1959. It is striking that favus, which used to be the most resistant fungus infection of the scalp, responds more readily than animal microsporosis. The authors claim to cm-e ringw orm of the toe nails in five to seven months. F. F. H.


A three-layer finite element model for the vibration analysis of sandwich plates with laminated composite face sheets is evaluated. In the model the face sheets are represented as Reissner-Mindlin plates, and the core is modeled as a three-dimensional continuum. This representation allows accurate modeling for a wide range of core types. The three-dimensional problem is reduced to two dimensions by analytical through-thickness integration of the energy expressions for the evaluation of mass and stiffness matrices. The results from this model are compared to finite element results based on solid elements, classical sandwich analysis, and classical plate theory. The objective in the work is to compare natural frequency and mode shape predictions using these models for a broad range of core stiffness. When large differences between face sheet and core stiffness are present, it is illustrated that traditional laminate theories yield significant inaccuracy. Moreover, unlike plate models, the present theory is also capable of representing a variety of three-dimensional boundary conditions. Furthermore, compared to solid models, the present laminated model avoids numerical problems as a result of three-dimensional element aspect ratio. Therefore, the present model provides a powerful general tool for the analysis of natural modes and frequencies of sandwich plates.


Abstract Analysis of merchant ship observations reveals a sharp ridge of high wave frequency along the axis of the Benguela Current, nearly coincident with the major shipping lane in that area. The authors could find no other reference to this wave regime in the literature. The majority of these waves are found to be southerly or southeasterly seas reinforced by swells of similar origin and direction. The steady winds within the stable subsiding air on the eastern edge of the semi-permanent subtropical South Atlantic Oceanic high pressure area are channeled to the northwest by the South African land mass, forming the driving mechanism that generates the waves. The thermal low over the continent further reinforces this regime, as does coastal upwelling. Resultant sharp local anomalies in air temperature, cloud cover and other elements are also present.


The clinical course of pneumonia was studied in 804 soldiers aged 18-20 years. According to their body weight they were divided into two groups. The group I patients had body weight index less than 19,0 while in group II it exceeded that level. The patients with low body weight index showed larder size of pulmonary involvement and had more severe clinical manifestations of the disease than those with normal weight.


The application relates to a household appliance having a plurality of control elements (5-14), of which at least one is a lock operating element (6), wherein upon actuation of the lock operating element (6) at least one other operating element (5, 7-14) is locked in its function. In this case, the locking of the at least one other operating element (5, 7-14) after a predetermined duration since the locking operation of the locking control element (6) is automatically lifted.


The effect of europium oxide on thermo-oxidative degradation behavior of HDPE and thermal decomposition kinetics of Eu2O3/HDPE composite have been studied by thermogravimetry(TG) and differential scanning calorimeter(DSC). With addition of europium oxide, the temperature at 5% weight loss can be dramatically enhanced. The thermal decomposition kinetics results showed thermal oxidation decomposition reaction of Eu2O3/HDPE composite was first order reaction. The apparent active energy of thermo-oxidative degradation reaction of HDPE was increased when europium oxide in presence. Europium oxide is not involved directly in the main chain scission of HDPE, which show the effect of europium oxide is related with oxygen.


Ninety-eight accessions of wild Pennisetum glaucum from the primary gene pool (1 o Pennisetums) and 27 species from the tertiary gene pool (3 o Pennisetums) of P. glaucum were evaluated for disease resistance. The 1 o Pennisetums were also evaluated for morphologic traits to further differentiate the accessions. The 1 o Pennisetums were evaluated for resistance to Pyricularia grisea, Puccinia substriata var. indica, and Moesziomyces penicillariae and also for height, diameter of the fifth internode, number of nodes, heading date, and panicle length and morphology (.)


ABSTRACT There is a growing number of multinational companies disclosing their formal commitment to respect human rights. This derives partly from the escalation of various intergovernmental-led and market-based initiatives that urge companies and their suppliers to disclose human rights commitment and performance. Malaysia is the world's second-largest palm oil producer supplying to many global brands around the world. As such, palm oil companies in Malaysia are bound by the global market requirements to disclose their commitment to addressing human rights issues. Based on 16 samples among sustainably certified palm oil companies in Malaysia, this study argues that while human rights are becoming a common feature in their public disclosure, they lack further elaboration and substance. In most cases, companies do not disclose human rights risks they face and efforts undertaken to mitigate such risks, as well as the impacts of their business operations to the affected stakeholders. This raises concerns regarding their motives of disclosure and corporate accountability in addressing actual and potential human rights violations in the business sector.


Agee et al. [1] reported a Rb-Sr age of 2.089 [plus or minus] 0.081 Ga for the unique Martian meteoritic breccia NWA 7034 making it the oldest Martian basalt, dating to the early Am-azonian epoch [2] of Martian geologic history. We have attempt-ed to confirm this exciting result. Our new Rb-Sr analyses show the Rb-Sr isotopic system to be disturbed, but preliminary Sm-Nd data suggest an even older age of approximately 4.4 Ga for at least some brec-cia components.


Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different age groups and gender on facial movements by using Moiré Topography. Design: Observational study. Setting: The Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University. Material and Methods: One hundred and fifty healthy subjects, both genders (75 males, 75 females), age range from 20-50 years. It was classified into three groups (20-30), (3040) and (40-50 years old) five facial angles were measured at both sides of the face for each subject three times during static position and during contraction ,this angles were raising, closing, smiling, kissing and blowing angles and the AutoCAD program used to calculate and analyze this angles. Results: There were a significant effect of age groups on the five facial movements including right and left raising, closing, smiling, kissing and blowing, as F=270, p=0.0001 also there was a significant effect of sex on the five facial angles as F=135, p=0.0001 and finally there was a significant interaction effect of age groups and sex difference on the same five facial movements by two way ANOVA as F=270, p=0.0001. The regression analysis indicated that the correlations between age groups and facial movement were moderate negative significant correlation for all the five angles at right and left side ranging from ( r=–0.52 to –0.61) and also there was a moderate negative significant correlation between sex and five facial angles. Conclusions: There were a significant effect of age and sex different on the facial movements including the five angles of the face at right and left side and that with increasing the age, the decreased angles of the female are more than the decreased angles of the male in the range of the five facial angles.


【The purpose of study to know hand function in order to prevent disability or handicap. The ability to perform precise refined movements of hand is an important human function. Improvement in object manipulation is common goal of therapist. The ability to manipulate an object in the hand is need for many functional tasks, including writing, handling coins, small objects and ADL skills. Therapists have commonly used hand grip and pinch strengths as baseline measures to evaluate hand function. The patterns of grasps are precision grasp, power grasp, hook grasp, spherical grasp, sylindrical grasp, disc grasp, pinch, three point pinch and tip pinch. And the motion of in-manipulation are finger to palm translation, palm to finger, shift, simple rotation and complex rotation. The hand function are include to evaluate of ROM, sensation, muscle strength of hand. It used to evaluate of decision of effect and suppose of disability and acceptance of vocation. Good evaluation is need to pretreatment and baseline of treatment and help to evaluate of effect on treatment.】


The objective of this work was to study methods to estimate the soybean potential yield during ontogeny. The experiments were performed in Eldorado do Sul, RS, during the growing seasons of 1996/1997, 1999/2000 and 2000/2001. The treatments consisted of five soybean cultivars, FT-Saray, IAS 5, IAS 4, FT-Abyara and FEPAGRO RS-10. It was calculated the potential yield of each cultivar, by five methods, in order to estimate the yield that would be obtained if all the reproductive structures during flowering and beginning of pod filling produced grains at the maturity. Potential yield (during flowering and pod filling) presented a high correlation with the number of flowers and reproductive structures, respectively. It was also found a correspondence among the methods. Most of the time, it did not occurred significant correlations between potential (during flowering and pod filling) and the grain yield in maturity. The studied methods are important tools for the management of soybean crops, used to compare the potential yield during ontogeny.


A middle‐aged woman with a history of COVID‐19 vaccine administration and valve replacement surgery was admitted with bilateral palpable purpuric lesions in the lower extremities and headache. Based on the initial diagnosis of vasculitis, corticosteroid therapy was initiated, which led to the resolution of skin lesions.


In a building with heavy hanging doors or partitions, the moving components slide on a rail (1) that is attached to the overhead hardened structure by a bolt (8) and plug (7) located in an elongated profile (3). The profile is embedded within the wall (6) and has an arched top profile (312) with side-shoulders extending into the adjacent structure. The profile is fitted during building construction without the rail. The rail is subsequently installed.


In today's world, almost everybody is affluent with computers and network based technology is growing by leaps and bounds. So, network security has become very important, rather an inevitable part of computer system. An Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is designed to detect system attacks and classify system activities into normal and abnormal form. Machine learning techniques have been applied to intrusion detection systems which have an important role in detecting Intrusions. This paper reviews different machine approaches for Intrusion detection system. This paper also presents the system design of an Intrusion detection system to reduce false alarm rate and improve accuracy to detect intrusion.


Vancomycin is a commonly used antibiotic in the treatment of deep-seated infections. However, the current dosing calculator utilized in NHS Lothian may not adequately achieve therapeutic vancomycin serum concentrations (VSC), of 15-20mg/L, in a timely manner. We aimed to reaudit the length of time for vancomycin to reach therapeutic levels in orthopaedic patients using the new Lothian calculator. A previous audit loop looked at the current calculator in 2018.

 Inclusion criteria orthopaedic patients who were treated with vancomycin at the Royal Infirmary Edinburgh, data collection to finish mid-September. The duration to reach the therapeutic SVC, initial trough SVC and serial levels were recorded. A life-table analysis will be used to examine the data.

 First audit had Twenty-three patients. The mean initial trough VSC was 12.7mg/L. The mean duration to therapeutic VSC was 5.2 (± 1.3) days. Statistics not completed for second cycle, but initial data shows improvement in time to VSC.

 A delay in reaching therapeutic concentrations was observed in a significant proportion of patients using the current calculator. A more rapid achievement of therapeutic levels is required to maximize the period of antibiotic delivery and subsequently improve patient outcomes. The new calculator pilot will hopefully show that improvement.


A method of estimating the stress-strain state of road pavements resulting from the effect of operating loads was developed. For solving the above mentioned problem, mathematical models of deformation, which are based on solving the classical Boussinesq problem, were used. The formulae for calculating six components of a tensor of mechanical stresses in road pavements for estimating the depths at which stresses have maximum values were studied. A scheme of traffic loads during the active road transport movement for different number of vehicles was proposed. Based on this scheme the formulae for determining all components of the stress tensor were suggested. For implementing the developed models and algorithms, the software systems were created. In addition, the model and practical computations for real road sections with different types of pavement were carried out. The possibility of considering the peculiarities of spatial configuration of highway sections and, in particular, their curvature radii while estimating the stress-strain state of these sections, was studied. This approach will allow working out software systems for estimating and predicting the road pavements state, based on the traffic analysis and studying physical and mechanical properties of the materials, which the pavements were made of. The further coordinates for studying the problem were defined.


Born and lived in Jiadao period of Qing Dynasty, Gong Zizheng was regarded by the later generations as the last poet in ancient China and the first one in modern times. The reasons behind that lie not only in that his life spanned ancient and modern times but also in his theory on poetical writings of respect of emotion which inherited the ancients and enlightened the newcomers behind him. It is the poems he wrote that exactly expressed his poetical theory which promote the exposure of one's true and inner feelings and seeking for a new and different artistic expression style. In other words, Gong created a brand-new field for Chinese poet by his poetical theory and works and initiated the historical process which made the Chinese poems transfrom from ancient to modern times.


This paper discusses the identification of dynamic parameters of an industrial robot KUKA KR5 with all revolute joints and serial architecture. For this, the simplified model of the robot was taken into account by considering only those joints which normally operates orthogonal to the gravity vector. The first approach used for finding the dynamic parameters of this simplified model was by formulating the dynamic model using Euler-Lagrangian (EL) method symbolically. Then the equations of motion obtained were linearized and expressed in terms of the base parameters. The numerical values of base parameters were obtained by linear regression technique applied to the points along a given planar trajectory. Robot sensory interface (RSI) of KUKA KRC2 controller was used to obtain the joint torque and position values. The dynamic parameters obtained were verified by comparing the mass moment obtained from another approach of curve fitting to the joint torque values.


TheCaseScenariopresentedhereillustratesthe potential benefit of applying NIV. In addition, it high-lights the importance of applying a multifaceted postopera-tive strategy rather than a single therapeutic strategy. ThisCaseScenarioaimstoidentifykeypointsthatcanhelpmed-icalpractitionerstomakethecorrectchoiceastowhethertouse NIV or not following invasive surgery.


High-whiteness aluminum hydroxide fillers obtained from different precipitation techniques are all possessed of their own morphology of crystal growth. The microstructures of the fillers obtained from both carbonization precipitation and seed precipitation were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM),X-ray diffraction and Raman spectra. The results showed that the aluminum hydroxide crystals of high-whiteness fillers belong to monoclinic system with the space group P21/n,and the preferred growth crystal faces in both precipitations are (002),while the value of preferred orientation factor of seed precipitation crystals is smaller than that of carbonization precipitation crystals,and the former is of polycrystal face growth. Comparing the seed precipitation crystals with carbonization precipitation ones,the former's lattice parameter and Raman full width at half-maximum(FWHM) are both lower than the lattter's,as well as the crystalline inclusions and lattice defects. However,the former's crystallinity is remarkably superior to the lattter's.


The rough mountainous area comprising nearly all of the central part of Idaho and adjacent portions of Montana is an enormous batholith of quartz-monzonite of late Mesozoic age. In the northern part or "panhandle" of the state the predominating Algonkian sediments are cut by irregular masses of acidic intrusives which are quite generally believed to be outliers of the great batholith to the south. It is the purpose of this paper to point out that among these intrusives of northern Idaho is a type distinctly different from the other acidic intrusives of the state, and to propound for future field-workers the problem of its relationship to them. The quartz-monzonites of central Idaho and those found in the southern part of the state are light-gray, granular rocks with biotite the chief dark silicate, and often containing muscovite. Porphyritic development of the feldspar and variations in the relative amounts of the minerals are common, but taken as a whole they are remarkably uniform rocks. I have seen this quartz-monzonite in place in the vicinity of Moscow, of Elk City, and in the Dixie mining district, and have examined specimens of it from other localities, and in every case it showed the same general characters. Professor D. C. Livingston has traversed great areas of it along the Salmon River; and the various United States Geological Survey reports by Lindgren, Eldridge, and Umpleby all describe the same light-gray, micaceous quartz-monzonite of which some of us have come to speak familiarly as the "Idaho granite." In the extreme north of the state around Priest Lake I have crossed many miles of the same rock. Indeed it would be difficult in a pile of mixed specimens from these localities to distinguish the rocks from the various districts. Should there be in this pile, however, a sample of the average


Mianyang science technology city is a special development park founded by Chinese government with the aim to take western China as the basic force on the combination of science and economy. It has made great achievements by 3 years exertion. However, there is still a long way to go in order to meet the original intention of the Chinese government. To learn from the successful experience of international development parks, Mianyang science technology city must take some new breakthroughs, such as park operation model, system creation, elements of production gathering and industry development.


Provided is a light-emitting device control system, comprising a beam steering mechanism that directs a beam of light at a first surface location, wherein an illumination region is formed at the first surface location in response to the directed beam of light, a sensor that recognizes a hand gesture at the illumination region; a processor that converts data related to the hand gesture into a command signal, and a controller that instructs the beam steering mechanism to move the illumination region to a second surface location in response to the command signal corresponding to the hand gesture.


For centuries, how an object moves given external forces is characterized by physical laws. As for creatures like human, their movements are self-driven, and the driving forces are generated by intention of people in a psychological sense. How to capture this characteristic in consistency with known physics laws is meaningful to understand human behaviors.
By investigating a Newtonian-like model of a pedestrian, this paper presents a fluid-like model of crowd, showing that the physical concept of energy is also suited for psychological study of human collective behaviors. An energy balance equation is derived to characterize how the energy is transformed between the psychological forms and physical forms: the psychological drive arises as a potential form of energy, which aims at either accelerating or compressing a crowd as transformed to energy in physical forms (e.g., kinetic energy or static energy). If such transformation cannot be realized, disorder of the crowd may appear as a possible result.
Based on our energy-based analysis, a major gap is bridged among physical models, psychological findings and simulation results, and an insight is further presented to understand the paradoxical relationship of subjective wishes of human and objective result of their deeds in reality.


One of the physical exercises favored by pregnant women is pregnancy gymnastics. It is a kind of exercise for strengthening and maintaining the elasticity of abdominal wall muscles, ligaments, and basic muscles of pelvis which are related to the process of childbirth. The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of physical exercise method between prenatal yoga and pregnancy exercise in primigravida on childbirth duration so that it could provide information which could increase the knowledge of midwives and midwifery students in providing midwifery care for pregnant women in facing the process of childbirth. This quasi experiment study was conducted in July to September 2016. The subjects was 40 pregnant women. The respondents were all primigravida pregnant women of trimester III who had the pregnancy examined in the Practice of Independent Midwife, Medan Johor. T-test was used for statistical analysis. The result of T-test showed that p-value=0.002 which indicated that there was the difference in the effectiveness of physical exercise method between prenatal yoga and pregnancy gymnastics in primigravida on the duration of normal childbirth. Prenatal yoga was more effective than pregnancy gymnastics in shortening the duration of normal childbirth. Keywords: Prenatal yoga, Pregnancy gymnastics, Childbirth


This article is concerned with the determinants of English language proficiency (speaking, reading and writing) among immigrants. It presents a model of immigrant destination language proficiency based on economic incentives, exposure to the destination language, and efficiency in second language acquisition. A unique data set, the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Australia, is used to test the model. This survey had three waves, at about six months, eighteen months and three-and-a-half years after immigration. The analyses are performed by wave, type of language skill and gender using probit analysis. Bivariate probit analysis is used across waves. The hypotheses are supported by the data. The bivariate probit analysis indicates a positive correlation in the unexplained component that declines with time between waves, suggesting a "regression to the mean" in the unobserved components of English language proficiency.


This article seeks to provide a comprehensive legal historical account of the various initiatives for the reform of the final court of ecclesiastical appeal in the nineteenth century. It sets out the main initiatives, the substantive arguments and issues which underpinned the proposals and debates, and the ways in which the parliamentary context within which they were addressed shaped the form and fortunes of the resulting court. By doing so it explores the difficulties posed by the parliamentary context within which ecclesiastical law reformers had usually to operate.


Geoscientific and macroscopic data precursory to the 1923 Kanto earthquake of magnitude 7.9 are collected from existing literature. As a result, 66 data of various disciplines, for which the precursor time can be approximately identified, are obtained. They are anomalous changes in hot spring, animal behaviour, seismic activity, underground water, crustal movement and the like. Three peaks of precursor time (T) which is measured in units of day appear for loglo T=0.0-1.0, 1.0--0.5 and 1.5-2.0. Such a conclusion seems to agree with the mode of precursor appearance prior to other great earthquakes in Japan such as the 1944 Tonankai earthquake of magnitude 7.9. It is hopefully expected that a more intensive search for precursors to the Kanto earthquake will bring out many more data which are useful for earthquake prediction study. l. Introductio'n The 1923 Kanto earthquake of magnitude 7.9 is certainly the worst earthquake in the history of Japan. As the earthquake and the associated damage were a terrible shock to the Japanese people of those days, many reports, either scientific or nonscientific, on the Kanto earthquake were published after the earthquake. It is highly likely, therefore, that fairly many instances of premonitory effect could be collected by reading through existing publications. Many people, who experienced the earthquake, are still alive, so that an extensive inquiry survey could be done. Under the circumstances, the author believes that extensive studies on precursors to the Kanto earthquake should be made in a fashion similar to the Ansei Tokai and Tonankai earthquakes (Association for the Development of Earthquake Prediction, 1982, 1983) . As far as the author knows, no such thorough investigations of precursors to the Kanto earthquake have been conducted. What the author presents in this paper is only the preliminary results so far obtained by the author and his collaborators. The Kanto earthquake having occurred about sixty years ago, seismic and other geoscientific observations were not quite developed as they are now. It cannot be helped, therefore, that only precursor-1ike phenomena of limited number were reported on the Department of Earth Sciences, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Setagayaku, Tokyo, Japan -3 Proceedings of the Institute of Natural Sciences (1986) basis of geoscientific obs:ervations. On the contrary, there are fairy many reports on macroscopic precursors such as changes in underground water level, hot spring, anomalous animal behaviour and so on. This is probably due to the fact that the earthquake hit the densely-populated South Kanto area. It is also likely that terrified people looked back very seriously and recollected strange phenomena which they had experienced before the earthquakes. 2. Geoscientific and nracroscopic precursors Geoscientiflc as wel][ as macroscopic precursors to the Kanto earthpuake collected so far are respectively listed in Tables I (a) and I (b) in a summarized form. The prefectures in and around the Kanto area are indicated in the table with abbreviations T (Tokyo) , C (Chiba) , K (Kanagawa) , S (Shizuoka) , Y (Yamanashi) and Sa (Saitama) . respectively. Much of pre-earthq:uake crustal movement as revealed by triangulation surveys and rhombus distance measurements were reported by Fujii and Nakane (1979) , Tsuboi (1933) and Geographical Survey Institute (1972, 1981, 1983) . Imamura (1928 a, b) reported on an anomalous ground tilting started early in the morning of earthquake day. A number of observations of sea level at the seashore mostly 1;'.'ith the eye clarified that the southern coast of Kanto area had beep. subsiding over a period of scores of years. However, uplift of the ground in areas close to the epicenter such as the extremity of Miura Peninsula seemed likely to have started about 2 months before the earthquake. It is extremely interesting to note that a tide gauge at the Yokosuka Navy Shipyard began to register an anomalous change in the sea level early in the morning of earthquake day. The h_igh _seismicity in the Kanto area during a period of 10-20 years before the Kanto earthquake is well k・nown (Sekiya, 1971 ; Suyehiro and Sekiya, 1972) . Rikitake (1982) pointed out a tendency that the epicenters of moderately large earthquake occuring during the several year period before the main shock tended to move toward the epicenter of the main shock. No remarkable foreshock activity immediately before the Kanto earthquake was reported althou*"h several small shocks had been occuring in an area near the epicenter of coming earthquake in a period of a few months prior to the main shock. Earth current measl~lrements had been carried out in Sendai in Northeast Japan even in such an early period of geoelectric study in Japan. Notwithstanding a large epicentral distancnce a:D~lounting to 350 km. Shiratori (1925) observed an anomalous disturbance in earth potential between two electrodes buried in the ground. The dis-


The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for removing low molecular weight fractions of polyamide 6 melts and copolyamide melting on the basis of polyamide 6 by means of vacuum in a continuous flow of the melt material exchange apparatus, via a vacuum suction conduit to a device for generating a vacuum and condensing the vaporized, extracted low molecular weight compounds is connected, wherein the vacuum forming and the condensation of low molecular weight compounds in a liquid jet pump are summarized in the vacuum-side apparatus which is operated with liquid caprolactam.


Citizen science and those involved in it are known by many different titles: community science, crowd-sourced science, amateurs, volunteers, etc. There is not yet one clear term that encompasses all that participate in science, though some have put forth public p articipation in scientific research (Bonney et al. 2009; Shirk et al. 2012) or community and citizen science (Ballard et al. 2016). In this chapter, the more familiar term, citizen science, will be used for familiarity and simplicity. Participation in citizen science for invasive species can occur in many difference ways. More traditional ways include volunteering to recording management efforts in invaded areas, documenting infestations during species inventories, and conducting awareness events. In recent years, these efforts have expanded to include lobbying for policy changes, transcription of old existing data, participation in project designs, and online volunteerism. Most of those interested in participating in citizen science will join an existing program or start a program that aligns with their interests. These programs can be locally based all the way up to national programs, and their level of participation could be minimal to playing key roles in the organizations. At most of these levels, some aspect of their participation can contribute to management of invasive species, from invasive species mapping to management activities to prevention awareness to fundraising for activities.


With the rapid growth of network distributions of information like image, video and etc, there is an urgent need for copyright protection against pirating. As an effective method for ownership identification, digital watermarking technique arouses much interesting around the corresponding scientists. And much study is focused on information hiding technique. In this paper we propose a novel technique for watermarking. The technique was considered on other side of copyright protection: using mark when the watermark was embedded, if the watermarked image was attacked, we first distinguish the attack method, and then take the corresponding means to lessen or remove the effect of attack. As a result satisfactory extracted watermark can be obtained. In the proposed technique, usually we chose the length of mark sequence is much smaller than the pixel number in the sub-band, and the mark sequence can also be scrawled by spread spectrum code. So it is considerably powerful in resisting the clipping operation. This means the estimation of the attack type may be considerably accurate. Therefore the algorithm has the merit of robustness, strong anti-attack ability and security.


In this paper, we present a method to generate Wang-Ball surface from two opposite prescribed boundaries based on the elliptic partial differential operators. In particular, we focus on the study of the harmonic Wang-Ball surfaces. The main result we report here is that any harmonic Wang-Ball surface would enable the overall surface to be generated and controlled based on the boundary curves rather than a set of control points. To visualize our proposed method we have chosen Harmonic Wang-Ball patches of degree 2 and degree 3.


Colitis-associated cancer, a type of colorectal cancers, is associated with inflammatory bowel disease, and it is possibly persistent inflammation that causes tissue dysplasia even carcinogensis. However, the molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recently colitis-associated cancer is attracting increasing attention due to its high mortality and difficulty in treatment. Some chemopreventive agents have been shown to reduce the risk of colitis-associated cancer. The present article reviews the recent advances of pathogenesis and chemoprevention of colitis-associated cancer.


Combinatorial drug recommendation involves recommending a personalized combination of medication (drugs) to a patient over his/her longitudinal history, which essentially aims at solving a combinatorial optimization problem that pursues high accuracy under the safety constraint. Among existing learning-based approaches, the association between drug substructures (i.e., a sub-graph of the molecule that contributes to certain chemical effect) and the target disease is largely overlooked, though the function of drugs in fact exhibits strong relevance with particular substructures. To address this issue, we propose a molecular substructure-aware encoding method entitled MoleRec that entails a hierarchical architecture aimed at modeling inter-substructure interactions and individual substructures' impact on patient's health condition, in order to identify those substructures that really contribute to healing patients. Specifically, MoleRec learns to attentively pooling over substructure representations which will be element-wisely re-scaled by the model's inferred relevancy with a patient's health condition to obtain a prior-knowledge-informed drug representation. We further design a weight annealing strategy for drug-drug-interaction (DDI) objective to adaptively control the balance between accuracy and safety criteria throughout training. Experiments on the MIMIC-III dataset demonstrate that our approach achieves new state-of-the-art performance w.r.t. four accuracy and safety metrics. Our source code is publicly available at https://github.com/yangnianzu0515/MoleRec.