Dark current analysis to estimate the current density of the field-emitted electrons have been developed for the prediction of the yoltage holding capability of multi-aperture multi-grid accelerators used in JT-60SA and ITER neutral beam injectors. From the experimental measurement of the field-emitted electrons in multi-aperture multi-grid accelerators, βEBD, which represent the critical current density to trigger the breakdown, were found to be constant with around 6 × 103 kV/mm regardless of the electric field profiles and the surface conditions in an accelerator with a surface area of 0.1 m2. In addition, the dark current was measured in the region with the electric field above ∼60% of the electric field at the breakdown, which leads to the determination of the emission region in the analytical estimation of the dark current. Furthermore, from the measurement of βEBD on electrodes with various surface area, βEBD was found to decreases with an increase of the surface area S (βEBD = 4 × 103S −0.3). From these results, the dark current profile at the critical current density can be estimated from the electric field analysis, which leads to the development of the breakdown model and the prediction of the voltage holding capability on the multi-aperture multi-grid accelerators.


One kind of busbar protection method based on the measurement of insulation resistance, comprising the steps of: (1) setting the resistance value for operation of bus protection and insulation resistance monitoring value; (2) The bus voltage and current of each branch bus, calculates the difference driving current, then calculate the resistance value of the grounding bus and phase resistance value; (3) comparing the calculated resistance value and the resistance value for operation of bus protection and insulation resistance value, a period of time, or if the ground resistance value of the resistance is lower than the value of insulation resistance value, the alarm monitoring, protection operation is less than the resistance value for the instantaneous trip outlet. The present invention not only when the right bus fault trip to isolate the fault, when the bus insulation alarm can be reduced.


In order to study buffer rods applying in real-time and on-line ultrasonic testing,the system model of the ultrasonic propagating in finite rods was built using the methods of stress-analysis and strain-analysis,which are both based on the frequency dispersion characteristic of stress wave in infinite rods and the end's boundary condition of finite rods.The models based on the stress-analysis and strain-analysis methods were analyzed,and the impulse signals were obtained respectively.The results of the simulation and the experiment validate that the two analytic methods are effective,and draw a conclusion that the periods of the ultrasonic impulse formed in finite rods is direct ratio to the radius of rods.


Study Design: A prospective radiographic study. Summary of Background Data: As the importance of the spinal sagittal profile becomes increasingly evident, there is a need to ensure that the measuring methods used to evaluate thoracic kyphosis (TK) are both accurate and reproducible. Objective: The purpose of the following study was to determine the intraobserver and interobserver variability of measurements of the sagittal profile in moderate and severe thoracic scoliosis. Methods: Five experienced Faculty Spine surgeons independently reviewed thirty standing long 30-inch cassette lateral radiographs of preoperative moderate and severe curves ≥50 degrees of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients on 2 different occasions. The parameters measured were the vertebral endplate clarity and measurability of the sagittal angle from D5 to D12 and categories of thoracic sagittal modifier. κ statistics and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) were used for analysis. Results: The interobserver percentage of agreement for the Sagittal modifier was 58% in both trials. The mean κ coefficient value was only moderate 0.43 (range, 0.14–0.66) for both trials. The number of the vertebral endplates that were difficult to identify was 201 of 300 measurements (67%). There was a predominance of difficulty to identify vertebral endplate clarity in all curve types. Conclusions: The results of this study yielded poor to moderate interobserver reliability of the thoracic sagittal profile component of the Lenke classification system in moderate and severe AIS. This was attributed to the difficulty in identification of the vertebral endplates. The current standard lateral radiographs routinely used in AIS patients have inherent difficulties and limitations to visualize, identify, and analyze the thoracic endplates in moderate and severe curves.


The analysis of two-dimensional photonic crystals in the literature have been mainly conducted in the case of propagation of the electromagnetic wave in the plane perpendicular to the axis along which the crystal is uniform. However, to develop practical applications of such material is necessary to evaluate and understand also its out-of-plane band structure. To this end, a three-dimensional finite element analysis has been carried out and some practical structures have been analyzed.


Objective:To investigate the association between SEPT12 gene variation and idiopathic male infertility.Methods:In the current study,67 infertile men and 100 normal controls were analyzed for genetic alterations in the active site coding region of SEPT12,using PCR-Sequencing technique. Results:Genotype analysis indicated that G5508 A polymorphic SEPT12 alleles were distributed in three peaks of frequency in both control and diseases groups. Categorization of the alleles into(GG),(GA),and(AA)types revealed a significant difference between infertile patients and normal controls(P≤ 0.05 by chi-square test). Conclusion:According to our finding we suggest that G5508 A polymorphism in SEPT12 gene can affect on spermatogenesis in men,the opinion needs more investigation in different populations.


Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), or ligustrazine, is an alkaloid isolated from the Chinese herb Ligusticum wallichii. It is known for its broad-spectrum medicinal properties against several diseases, and various studies have shown that it can modulate diverse biological targets and signaling pathways to produce neuroprotective effects, especially against Alzheimer's disease (AD). This has attracted significant research attention evaluating TMP as a potent multitarget anti-AD agent. This review compiles the results of studies assessing the neuroprotective mechanisms exerted by TMP as well as its derivatives, prepared using a multi-target-directed ligand strategy to explore its multitarget modulating properties. The present review also highlights the work done on the design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of some potent TMP derivatives that have shown promising anti-AD activities. These derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated to develop anti-AD molecules with enhanced biological and pharmacokinetic activities compared to TMP. This review article paves the way for the exploration and development of TMP and TMP derivatives as an effective treatment for AD.


Financing social security in Switzerland requires State subsidies for about 22 percent (1996) of total expenditures. The Federal government and the Cantons share this payment in proportion of +2/, respectively -A for six insurances, each time with grant formulas including components of fiscal equalisation. This paper presents and explains the grant formulas for the cantonal payments and proposes an estimation of the equalising incidences. It concludes that the Cantons' financial support for five of the six social security insurances should be abandoned. (1) Nowadays the Cantons have no influence on the development of social security objectives. (2) The grant formulas achieve poor results in equalisation between the Cantons. Better and more efficient results could be achieved through the actual schemes of vertical revenue sharing. (3) The mix of social security policies and fiscal equalisation between the Cantons unduly complicates the political debate and the policy choices in social security, which concerns individuals and not the Cantons. Separation of the two schemes, social policy and equalisation, would enhance efficiency in both policy.


Looking out over the world, both the rich industrial nations as well as the less developed countries, it is striking how large differences there are in social, economic and political equality. Measures of political and legal rights, which can be understood as expressions of democratic or political solidarity, vary enormously, also between countries that have about the same level of prosperity (Bohara et al. 2008; Donnelly 2003). The same goes for measures of economic inequality as well as most measures of human well-being such as poverty, literacy, and population health that can all be seen as aspects of redistributive or social solidarity. Social solidarity, understood as the sum of political practices that increases equality in people's overall life chances, (that is, the welfare state broadly understood) is also something that varies a lot between otherwise quite similar countries (Radcliff 2013). This raises a simple, yet important, question: What makes some societies more prone to political and broad based social solidarity than others?


SCHWENN: About the spiral pattern in the U.Michigan animation: We saw such unwinding spirals. Question: what are they?To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html


The decline in the production of basic grains in Mexico has intensified since the 1990s, with wheat (Triticum) being no exception. This reduction was covered by the growth of Mexican imports. The objective of this research was to analyze the import demand function for wheat from 1994, the time of the initiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). An autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model revealed the change in the conditional mean import demand using variations in its determinants, the Global Indicator of Economic Activity (IGAE for its Spanish acronym) and the real exchange rate, as proxy variables for income and relative prices, respectively. However, the conditional mean is insufficient in a context of increasing foreign purchases of wheat and outliers. Through a quantile extension of the ARDL model (with the acronym QARDL), we then found that the change in imports, and the relevance of the determinants, differed across import levels. In the short term, the upper quantiles of wheat imports responded mainly to their history and the exchange rate. Meanwhile, in the long term, the IGAE and the exchange rate influenced the lower quantiles of imports. We conclude that there was an asymmetric response in the conditional distribution of imports. In other words, this study provides evidence of short- and long-term location asymmetry in wheat imports under NAFTA. The research contributes to the econometric study of basic grain imports. For the first time, the QARDL model is used to understand the relationship between imports and their determinants, and the circumstances under which its use is recommended are indicated. Therefore, a new econometric method is used, avoiding the linearity of the ARDL model, and thus allowing a detailed and accurate estimation of the demand for imports. Consequently, the estimates and conclusions obtained will undoubtedly help economic agents to make more efficient decisions, from national and international investors to government agencies responsible for the promotion of Mexican agriculture.


Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome (HHE) was first described by Gastaut and colleagues almost 50 years ago.1 It is defined by a prolonged unilateral febrile seizure or seizures followed by the development of a transient or permanent hemiparesis ipsilateral to the side of the convulsion occurring in a young child (<4 years of age). The imaging and pathologic features of HHE include acute edema of the affected hemisphere, often followed by the development of volume loss in that hemisphere.2,3 Following initial presentation, children may then develop partial epilepsy at a time remote from the initial presentation.

In this issue of Neurology ®, Kim and colleagues4 describe the outcome of epilepsy surgery in 26 people with HHE and delayed onset intractable epilepsy. They demonstrated that limited surgical resection …


A building cost estimation model was established based on back propagation(BP) neural networks.The project characteristics determining the cost estimation were obtained from expert experiences.Based on the analysis of 15 typical actual project samples,the BP neural network model subsequently was developed with the EXCEL macro-commands to simulate the non-linear relationships between the project characters and the costs.The model was applied to the cost estimation of actual projects.The results satisfy the requirements of cost estimation.This new method for cost estimation is efficient and accurate.


Human resources of several businesses worldwide are already active in metaverses. This has led Human Resource Management (HRM) professionals exploring and applying new methods and practices to manage this technological transformation in the workplace. However, despite the growing volume of research on metaverse work environments, there is still limited research on avatar performance management. The emergence of metaverse applications in the workplace brings new key performance indicators (KPIs) requirements that are different from those in conventional work environments. This article aims to fill this gap by identifying the key metrics for measuring and managing avatar performance. For this purpose, a systematic literature review is carried out based on the PRISMA methodology. In total, 357 articles were screened, from which 31 met the predefined inclusion criteria and were reviewed based on their risk of bias. As a result, the required KPIs suitable for a metaverse workplace are proposed. By contributing to knowledge on performance in virtual work environments, this article extends and advances theory and research on the Strategic Human Resource Management of metaverse workplaces.


The design of 16- to 19-membered macrocyclic a- strand-mimetics, and synthesis of these via a versatile ring-closing metathesis that provided potent inhibitors of the calcium-activated cysteine protease calpain, is reported. An over-activity of this is associated with the development of cataracts - the major cause of treatable blindness throughout the world.


In this work the problems of the railway trains safety are considered. It is justified that the manual control of the wheels needs to be replaced with the automatic monitoring. Given is the description of the operation principles of the developed automated diagnostical system named COMPLEX which is exploited on the Russian railways for monitoring of the train´s wheels on the move. The system is intended for measuring the geometrical parameters of the tread surface, revealing the wear-out and the defects of the all-rolled train´s wheels on the move, registration of the mounted wheels´ defects and the on-line transition of the collected data to the nearest check station. The system is certificated for use within the range of speed from 5 km/h to 60 km/h and within the temperature range from -50oC to +50oC. The results of the multiple comparative measurements proves the high stability and accuracy of the automated measurements for the trains with the speed up to 60 km/h in the inspection area.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for preparing waterborne resin, and a waterborne coating composition. A main chain structure of the waterborne resin prepared by the method comprises an epoxy resin group, an acrylic resin group and a polyurethane group. In the waterborne coating composition, the waterborne resin of which the main chain structure comprises the epoxy resin group, the acrylic resin group and the polyurethane group is used as main forming resin, wherein the epoxy resin group structure provides excellent corrosion resistance; and the acrylic resin group structureand the polyurethane group structure guarantees excellent weather resistance, chemical resistance and gloss and color retention, so the waterborne coating composition has excellent comprehensive properties. The waterborne resin is non-toxic and harmless, so the damage to the environment caused by the volatilization of an organic solvent is reduced and the environment is protected.


Introduction: Dapagliflozin (DAPA) (Farxiga or Forxiga) is a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor approved for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) treatment. Areas covered: The review focuses on the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics(PD) and clinical studies published on DAPA. The authors searchedPubMed database for English language studies describing DAPA characteristics and use in T2DM subjects published through June 2014. Expert opinion: DAPA exhibits favorable PK and PD properties and is effective in reducing glycemic levels. In addition, DAPA shows beneficial/neutral effects on other risk factors contributing to T2DM metabolic control. Increased risk of genital and urinary infections and episodes of volume depletion represent the major concerns for its use. FDA requires additional data to assess imbalances in bladder cancer and drug cardiovascular safety. The mechanism of action and the very low risk of drug–drug interaction make it an ideal drug for rapidly reducing glucotoxicity and restoring clinical response to other antidiabetic drugs.


The optimization of sintering temperature in the production of nickel-based superalloy was investigated. Mixed elemental powders of Inconel 738LC superalloy was fabricated at different sintering temperature ranging between 900 and 1200 °C, with a heating rate of 100 °C min−1, pressure of 50 MPa and 5 min holding time. The microstructures, phase analyses, densification and microhardness tests were conducted by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray Diffraction (XRD), polarized optical microscope (POM), micro-hardness testing machine, and Archimedes' method respectively. Results revealed the formation of intermetallic phases in the microstructure, irrespective of the sintering temperature. The relative density increased with increasing sintering temperature, as the highest relative density of 98.4% was attained at 1200 °C and with a corresponding microhardness value of 362.25 Hv. There was a marginal decrease in grain size with increasing temperature, thereby resulted in reduced grain growth. This implies that the SPS technology is appropriate for the fabrication of nickel-based superalloy.


The relative sensitivity and recovery potential of two aquatic macrophyte species, Lemna minor and Myriophyllum aquaticum, exposed to atrazine (concentration ranges 80–1,280 µg/L and 40–640 µg/L, respectively) were evaluated using slightly adapted standard protocol for Lemna spp.: relative growth rates (RGR) and yield of both plants were measured in 3‐d‐long intervals during the exposure and recovery phase. Myriophyllum aquaticum was also exposed to atrazine‐spiked sediment (0.1–3.7 µg/g) in a water‐free system. The results of M. aquaticum sediment contact tests showed that root‐ and shoot‐based growth parameters are equally sensitive endpoints. In the water (sediment‐free) test system, L. minor recovered after short (3 d) and longer exposure (7 d) to all atrazine concentrations after only a 5‐ to 6‐d‐long recovery phase. The recovery of M. aquaticum after short exposure was slower and less efficient: after 12 d of recovery phase the final biomass of plants exposed to 380 and 640 µg/L was below the initial values. The last interval RGR provides a good indication of plant recovery potential regardless of species growth strategy. If compared to L. minor, the difference in growth rate, sensitivity, lag phase, recovery potential from water‐column substances, and also suitability for studies investigating the effect of sediment‐bound pollutants advocates the use of M. aquaticum as an additional macrophyte species in risk assessment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:417–426. © 2011 SETAC


A unified notion for the degree of stability of continuous-time and sampled-data systems is presented, and a decentralized controller design is developed that guarantees a prespecified H¿norm bound and a prescribed degree of stability for the closed-loop system. Numerical methods are presented for the solution of the resulting controller design equations.


Alternative to photolithography process for fabrication of 2D arrays of magnetic dots is proposed from a very simple, fast and low cost technique, of laser ablation. Magnetic films with different compositions, structures (NiFe, CoZr, FeN monolayers and [Co/Cu] n multilayers) and thickness (from 100 to 300 nm) have been submitted at the focalisation point of an ionized argon laser (3W CW maximum power) to a lateral movement produced by a motorized X-Y translation stage. Tracks of partial or total ablation down to the substrate can be realized with well defined width from 3 to 100 microns, depending on the laser beam defocusing and power and on the sample velocity. The possibility of different patterns corresponding to stripes, bars and square 2D arrays with different shape factor is described with size decreasing from millimeter to micron scale. It is shown that laser sputtering can induce strong changes in both static and dynamical magnetic properties of the films as discussed from the magnetization processes of domain wall at low frequency and the complex permeability in the microwave range.


hoplite warfare as was the other great invention, the Macedonian phalanx. The result of both reforms was to enable states to mobilize a far greater proportion of their populations than before, and to create systems of alliances that could support further expansion. Similarly, to write of the Middle Ages without reference to Byzantium or the Arab states is to ignore the fact that Western systems of military organization lagged far behind the systems of the East. Furthermore, states that could not compete with the Norsemen effectively were not in any position to compete on the international scene; Drake's bizarre treatment of the crusades is symptomatic of his failure to understand the interaction between different types of military systems. This book creates the impression that historical phenomena that do not correspond with Drake's theoretical model did not happen. Likewise, its overtly Eurocentric caste represents a view of Western civilization's development that is not only false, but also inherently racist. Eurocentrism may make good politics in neoconservative circles, but it is poor history, and poor sociology.


For Delay-Tolerant Mobile Sensor Network with high energy consume and high dynamic,a medium access control(MAC)Protocol named PC-MAC is proposed.A new transmission power control mechanism and data transmission mechanism based on the IEEE 802.11MAC protocol is incorporated in MAC protocol of DTMSN.Simulation results show that PC-MAC has better performance in energy consuming,data delivery rate and throughput with different node number in DTMSN.


The status of several precisely measured electroweak parameters is reviewed. Natural relations among them are shown to constrain the Higgs mass, m H , as well as various " New Physics " effects. Indications of an anomalous Zb ¯ b coupling are discussed. Constraints on excited W * bosons are given. The SU(2) L ×U(1) Y electroweak sector of the standard model contains 17 or more fundamental parameters. They include gauge and Higgs field couplings as well as fermion masses and mixing angles. In terms of those parameters, predictions can be made with high accuracy for essentially any electroweak observable. Very precise measurements of those quantities can then be used to test the standard model, even at the quantum loop level, or search for small deviations from expectations which would indicate " New Physics " .


The present study assesses the psychometric properties of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) in a German sample of N = 160 individuals. The five subscales (PastNegative, Present-Hedonistic, Future, Past-Positive, and Present-Fatalistic) measure different dimensions of the Time Perspective. The German version of the ZTPI proves to be internally consistent and reliable in retests, except for the Future Scale. Retest reliability for a subsample (N = 25) indicates a stable measurement of the scales. The Zimbardo and Boyd's (1999) factor structure could not be replicated satisfactory. Correlations with conceptually related tests (IPC, HAKEMP, and HEIPI) indicate a fair degree of construct validity within the framework of classical test theory. The fit according to a Rasch model was not successful.


This report summarises the development of a portable, persistent and generic tool for modelling , exploring and analysing the behaviour of concurrent systems. The design is based on the general Action language theory for nondeterministic concurrent programming languages, and hence the tool is called the Action language workbench. It has been developed using an algebraic style and implemented in the algebraic programming system APS. The generic algebraic-based approach enables workbench to be applied to many languages by means of rapid prototyping and generation of action languages. A number of applications of the workbench to concurrent constraint and coordination languages, as well as its probabilistic extension are reported. Currently the functionality of the tool is restricted to simulation. Further development of both the underlying theory and the tool is planned regarding the description of distributed systems and the ehnancement of the kinds of analyses which can be performed.


Abiotic organic synthesis processes have been proposed as potential mechanisms for methane generation in subseafloor hydrothermal systems on Earth, and on other planets. To better understand the detailed reaction pathways and carbon isotope fractionations in this process under a wide range of physical and chemical conditions, hydrothermal experiments at high temperature (750 C) and pressure (0.55 GPa) were performed using piston cylinder apparatus. Formic acid was used as the source of CO2 and H2, and magnetite was the mineral catalyst. The chemical and carbon isotopic compositions of dissolved organic products were determined by GC-C-MS-IRMS, while organic intermediaries on the mineral catalyst were characterized by Pyrolysis-GC-MS. Among experimental products, dissolved CO2 was the dominant carbon species with a relative abundance of 88 mol%. Dissolved CH4 and C2H6 were also identified with a mole ratio of CH4 over C2H6 of 15:1. No dissolved CO was detected in the experiment, which might be attributable to the loss of H2 through the Au capsule used in the experiments at high temperature and pressure conditions and corresponding conversion of CO to CO2 by the water-gas shift reaction. Carbon isotope results showed that the 13C values of CH4 and C2H6 were -50.3% and -39.3% (V-PDB), respectively. CO2 derived from decarboxylation of formic acid had a (sigma)C-13 value of -19.2%, which was 3.2% heavier than its source, formic acid. The (sigma)C-13 difference between CO2 and CH4 was 31.1%, which was higher than the value of 9.4% calculated from theoretical isotopic equilibrium predictions at experimental conditions, suggesting the presence of a kinetic isotope effect. This number was also higher than the values (4.6 to 27.1%) observed in similar experiments previously performed at 400 C and 50 MPa with longer reaction times. CH4 is 11.0% less enriched in C-13 than C2H6. Alcohols were observed as carbon compounds on magnetite surfaces by Pyrolysis-GC-MS, which confirms the hypothesis regarding the reaction pathways of hydrothermal abiotic organic synthesis proposed by Fu et al. (2007, 2008). In this proposed pathway, hydroxymethylene (-CHOH) groups serve as organic intermediaries on mineral surfaces while dissolved H2 serves as a chain terminator/breaker to generate short chain hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. This pathway is different from the carbide polymerization theory of Fischer- Tropsch-type (FTT) synthesis in a gas phase. The observed increase of (sigma)C-13 values of C1 and C2 alkanes with carbon number in our hydrothermal experiments can be readily interpreted by hydroxymethylene pathway, and might be used to differentiate between hydroxymethylene and carbide polymerization pathways. Carbon isotope analysis of alcohols on mineral catalyst surfaces is under way to provide further constraints on formation of organic compounds by FTT in hydrothermal systems.


Although the genus Halecium is easy to recognize, identifications at the species level are often difficult, this even for quite common and supposedly well‐known species of the north‐eastern Atlantic. This paper revises and re‐describes some Halecium species which resemble each other closely and which are not easy to distinguish. Additional information on a few rare species is also provided. The study is based on material collected from the North Atlantic, Mediterranean, South Africa, and New Zealand. Halecium scutum Clark, 1877 is recognized as a valid species and distinct from both H. beanii and H. halecinum; colony form and microscopic characters allow a distinction. The pinnate colony form of H. halecinum is a characteristic trait, but not all colonies show this growth form. Halecium beanii can occur in monosiphonic and polysiphonic colonies. Monosiphonic colonies of H. beanii have probably been misidentified by some authors as H. lankesterii. The differences of H. lankesteri to H. beanii and H. petrosum are discussed. The South African population of the reportedly cosmopolitan H. beanii has distinct gonothecae and could belong to a separate species. The Mediterranean Halecium mediterraneum is hardly distinguishable from the New Zealandic H. delicatulum, but it is kept separate mainly for biogeographic reasons. The rare Mediterranean Halecium banyulense is re‐described based on a second find from Naples. The male gonothecae of Halecium corrugatissimum are described for the first time.


In orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) system, the multiple access interference (MAI) is a critical factor that significantly degrades system performance. In this research, a genetic algorithm (GA) is employed for joint channel estimation and multi-user detection. For improving the weakness of GA in exploitation, an approach called simulated annealing mutated-GA (SAM-GA) is considered by embedding the simulated annealing (SA) to the mutation operation of GA. Experimental result demonstrates that the proposed SAM-GA scheme achieves the best performance in terms of mean squared error (MSE) and bit error rate (BER) for joint channel estimation and multi-user detection in the OFDMA system as compared to other existing schemes.


The role of the decoder in the ternary optical computer is to determine the state of tri-state light signal,and convert the tri-state light signal into digit electron signal and translate the signal into its tri-valued digit.The principle and four methods determining the tri-stated signal are presented based on the theory of polarization optics.Through comparative analysis,the method of determining the tri-stated optical signal based on division of amplitude is selected to construct the decoder.And this determining method is predigested as the method based on the mirrored arithmetic unit to fabricate the huge-bit decoder more easily.The experiment results of decoding the output of the hundred-bit ternary optical encoder demonstrate that the principle of the proposed determining method is correct and the structure design is feasible.


Abstract : A desingularized boundary integral equation method combined with an Eulerian-Lagrangian time-stepping technique is developed for nonlinear gravity wave problems. The desingularization distance between the boundary and the sources is related to the local mesh size to ensure convergence. Tests for some simple problems show that desingularization significantly reduces the computer time required to compute the influence matrix of the resulting algebraic system. The algebraic system is still adequately well-conditioned to allow fast iterative solutions. Accurate solutions can be obtained for a large range of desingularization distances on the order of the mesh size. Several nonlinear water wave problems a-re then investigated. The first problem considers upstream runaway solitons due to a disturbance moving near critical speed in two- dimensional shallow water. Results from the desingularized method with the fully nonlinear free surface boundary condition agree well to those using the fKdV model for weak disturbances. The fully nonlinear model predicts larger solitons than the fKdV model for strong disturbances and also predicts the breaking of waves for some stronger disturbances.


The state has a fame for its gender inequality and also for its record of crime against the women. But the main focus of this state is to create women entrepreneurs in the state, so that the main motto towards developing a good leadership quality in women, ie. Women entrepreneurship in the state. Women entrepreneur specially in the state is not possible, due to increasing discrimination and growing crime against women. But some factors are very responsible for this entrepreneur in the state. It may be agri–prenuer, entre-prenuer, medi-prenuer like all the entrepreneur. This study will be based on basically the psychological main factor responsible for their such type of entrepreneurship and the quality for their life in the market. Which type of motivation has the long term impact on them is the focus for this state. Our analysis is taking such type of suggestion in the market to enhance their motivation for the state as well as for the nation. It has two parts based on the primary data, which is regulating the secondary data, which will be a collection from different psychological entrepreneurship factors and perception.


Despite targeting technical skills, vocational school graduates earn less than college graduates. This paper presents evidence that conformity selection and perceived skill gaps explain differences in hireability. Microdata from the United States reveal a perceived soft skill deficit for alternatively credentialed noncollege graduate (ACNG) labor. Conformity is also important, but the direction of effect is heterogenous by employer type. Conformity and perceived skill gaps explain about one-third of the hireability variance. Perceived soft skill gaps explain more hireability variance than widely recognized factors like the industry of occupation. Opposite conventional explanation, results suggest that conformity reduces hireability on average. Respondents tend to perceive ACNG candidates as an even mix of high and low performers. Evidence favors employer risk aversion toward labor productivity as a preferred explanation of low ACNG demand. The conclusion incorporates discussion of public misperception on vocational school costs and suggests activities to reduce unconscious bias


This paper presents the first results of the research "The audiovisual author in the beginning of the 21st century: renaissance or funeral?", funded by CAPES, under post-doctoral work at the Sorbonne-Nouvelle, Paris 3, with the guidance of Professor Laurent Creton, between January and March 2010. The text is divided into three sections: a summary of the origins of written literature, photography and film; observations on the corpus of work; the authorship in low-budget films. In the last section is the idea that in the Brazilian and French films, made with small costs, between 2004 and 2009, the director establishes his own through a steady accumulation of functions other direction. Also covered is the possibility that this form of exercise (and think) the authorship is present in other types of movies, thus giving the first steps necessary revision of the concept of authorship in contemporary cinema in general.


...................................................................................................................................................
  ii Preface
  ....................................................................................................................................................
  iii Table
  of
  contents
  .................................................................................................................................
  iv Acknowledgments.................................................................................................................................
  v Dedication
  ..............................................................................................................................................
  vi Introduction
  ...........................................................................................................................................
  1 1.
  Seventeenth-‐century
  innatism
  and
  the
  rise
  of
  interest
  in
  natural
  language
  ..............
  4 1.1
  The
  scholastics:
  Syntax
  as
  a
  mirror
  ......................................................................................................
  4 1.2
  Rationalism
  and
  mysticism
  ......................................................................................................................
  5 1.3
  Natural
  and
  scientific
  language:
  Bacon
  and
  Wilkins
  .....................................................................
  7 1.4
  Hobbes's
  arbitrarist
  challenge
  ................................................................................................................
  8 2.
  Lockean
  arbitrarism
  .....................................................................................................................
  10 2.1
  Locke's
  "turn"
  and
  its
  motivations
  .....................................................................................................
  10 2.2
  Double
  conformity,
  the
  "cheat
  of
  words,"
  and
  public
  v.
  private
  language
  ........................
  11 2.3
  Mixed
  modes,
  relativism,
  and
  the
  "association
  of
  ideas"..........................................................
  13 2.4
  Locke's
  "three
  questions"
  .......................................................................................................................
  16 3.
  Multiplicity
  within
  unity:
  Leibniz
  .............................................................................................
  17 3.1
  Unity
  ................................................................................................................................................................
  17 3.2
  Multiplicity
  ...................................................................................................................................................
  19 3.3
  Etymology
  and
  Bisterfeld's
  theses
  .....................................................................................................
  22 3.4
  Natural
  language
  development
  and
  the
  extension
  of
  meanings
  ...........................................
  24 4.
  Language
  as
  an
  instrument:
  Condillac
  ....................................................................................
  27 4.1
  The
  liaison
  des
  idées
  and
  the
  epistemology
  of
  the
  Essai
  ............................................................
  27 4.2
  "Deux
  enfants
  [...]
  égaré
  dans
  le
  désert":
  Sympathy
  and
  "instituted
  signs"
  .....................
  30 4.3
  Génies
  des
  langues:
  Condillac's
  view
  of
  language
  development
  ............................................
  31 4.4
  Gesture,
  prosody,
  and
  national
  character
  .......................................................................................
  34 5.
  Language
  as
  a
  spark:
  Herder
  .....................................................................................................
  37 5.1
  The
  cry
  of
  man:
  Herder
  on
  language's
  "origin"
  ............................................................................
  38 5.2
  Besonnenheit
  ................................................................................................................................................
  41 5.3
  Linguistic
  development
  and
  ethnogenesis
  .....................................................................................
  41 5.4
  Friendly
  Geister:
  Einfühlung,
  agency,
  and
  Herder's
  hermeneutics
  ......................................
  45 6.
  Toward
  an
  einfühlsame
  linguistic
  relativity
  .........................................................................
  49 6.1
  Whorfian
  relativity
  ...................................................................................................................................
  51 6.2
  Whorfian
  theosophy
  .................................................................................................................................
  55 6.3
  Final
  remarks
  ..............................................................................................................................................
  59 References
  ............................................................................................................................................
  62


Courses scheduling is a very important activity in the teaching and learning process in theMathematics Education Department. The teaching and learning process is carried out by allstudents and lecturers, so that the schedule of courses arranged must benefit the lecturers andstudents. If some of the provisions in scheduling are not properly calculated, it will causedifficulty during the scheduling process. These provisions include courses held, number ofclasses available, amount of time available, number of students taking and availability oflecturers who teach. This study aims to create an automation on the course scheduling usingsix stages FAST Methodology which includes Scope Definition, Problem Analysis,Requirement Analysis, Logical Design, Decision Analysis, Physical Design and Integration.The Welsh-Powell algorithm has used which is one of the algorithms in the graph coloringmethod and implemented using C ++ programming. The results of the study show that theprogramme is able to provide a quick and accurate solution for setting up course schedules.The results of this study can provide convenience in managing the right courses scheduling sothat it helps the courses scheduling process to be even better.


Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria( PGPR) is beneficial bacteria which can promote plant growth or/and biological control of the plant pathogen. For protecting the environment,PRPR biological agents are considered as a supplemental way instead of pesticides and fertilizers. The colonization of PGPR to plant roots impact on their application. This review focuses on the decisive factors of PGPR colonization and colonization in the application of biological control,which will provide reference for further development and utilization of PGPR.


Annual planning report submitted on October1, 2018 by the chair of President's Program and Membership Meeting records the committee's charge, project descriptions, goals, and objectives for the coming year.


. Macrofaunal colonization was studied using coral plates fixed at 10 m depth on a fringing reef in Barbados, West Indies. Two sites were compared: Spring Garden, a site that is affected by eutrophication, and Six Men's Bay which is relatively free of this effect. Two sets of plates were immersed in winter and spring 1990 at each site and monitored for 28 and 19 weeks, respectively. Green and brown algae colonized first, followed 2 weeks later by ostracods, cumaceans, amphipods and polychaetes: terebellids, nereidids and syllids. Most colonizers either nestled or encrusted. A total of 11 017 invertebrates belonging to 145 species were collected. Polychaetes were the most abundant and diverse zoological group. Considering polychaetes, crustaceans and molluscs, the study sites shared around 75% of the species. Overall, densities were higher on lower (shaded) surfaces while diversities were higher on upper (illuminated) sides. Similarity coefficients and correspondence analysis showed different macrobenthic assemblages and colonization patterns in light and shaded and in polluted and unpolluted sites. Coral plates were associated according to their 'immersion time' and were closely linked to their stage of development. Spring Garden (polluted) presented a higher number of soft-bottom and deposit-feeder species (e.g., Capitella capitata).


Miller, Jessamyn. You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown: An Analysis of Compassion, Friendship, and Overcoming Obstacles. Unpublished Master of Arts thesis, University of Northern Colorado, 2014. Since the late 1960s many things have changed. With the inception of the Internet, much of the world has gone viral––including newspapers. Children rarely find the same joy their parents found in a nostalgic printed Sunday morning comic strip. In addition, societal tragedies have increased with almost daily occurrences highlighted on the news. With an influx of recent tragedies too close to home, this thesis examines arts advocacy facts, anti-bulling campaigns, and the themes of friendship, compassion, and overcoming obstacles within a production of Clark M. Gesner's musical You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown [Revised]. Charles M. Schulz's classic characters were brought to life by middle school thespians to inspire hope and heal a heartbroken community. As a result, students and audiences alike experienced a form of drama therapy throughout process and product, which was obvious through anonymous cast and crew journal entries and audience feedback. This thesis proves that happiness is contagious and theatre


Abstract:Optimists have long hoped that digital communication would diversify media, but the realization of this dream is far from certain today. This study investigates the emerging opportunities available to independent magazine publishers through digital publishing methods, such as distributing their magazines through the Apple Newsstand. These publishing methods have the potential to diversify magazine publishing beyond the currently dominant offerings of major multinational magazine publishers. However, at the same time, a variety of limitations—software and design expertise, public awareness and interest, and technology companies' constraints on publishers—may have already limited the ways these independent publishers can reach audiences. Through in-depth interviews with independent digital magazine publishers, this study illuminates the effects of these factors on these publishers' efforts to offer varied new perspectives to the public within the digital magazine medium.


The notable increases in life expectancies worldwide combined with advances in contemporary medicine, escalating healthcare costs and increased demands on social services has driven the interest in centenarians as a model for healthy ageing. According to the United Nations, the global number of centenarians is set to continue to climb, expecting to reach more than 25 million people in 2100 (Robine & Cubaynes, 2017). Though the role of genetics in the context of successful ageing is irrefutable, it is important to recognise that the determinants of ageing go beyond genetics alone and equal credence needs to be given to one's social and economic circumstances, to their physical environment and finally, to one's own individual characteristics and behaviours.

 The study focused on selecting a subsample of participants who were 100 years or older until the saturation point was reached. This study employed story telling (one to one interviews) in order to give centenarians a voice. Stories help us to answer the "big" questions about the meaning of life in general and of our lives specifically.

 A number of key themes emerged from the study denoting the factors that affect the health and wellbeing of Irish centenarians including, social connectedness, resilience & robust personality, continued participation in life throughout the life course and spirituality.

 This research demonstrates that the successful attainment of longevity goes beyond the maintenance of physical health and concludes that in order to promote optimum well-being among older people, it is necessary to take note of the experiences, views and values, of the older person themselves.


Calculating and reporting uncertainty in measurement according to the "Guide To The Expression Of Uncertainty In Measurement" (GUM) [1] has become a standard requirement for accreditation. For users and potential users of measuring instruments manufactured by Fluke Corporation DH Instruments Division (Fluke/DHI), it is essential to understand all influences that may significantly contribute uncertainty in the measurements made with those instruments. This information is not only important for our customer to create uncertainty budgets for their own application, but also for FLUKE/DHI to develop and publish a realistic typical measurement uncertainty specification that can be easily interpreted and depended upon.


We thank Drs Selvaraj and Nair for the opportunity to discuss the clinical relevance of our recent findings in explanted human hearts and to bridge the gap between clinical and basic electrophysiology research methodologies. Using the basic science methodology of optical mapping, which is not yet available in clinical electrophysiological laboratories, we have recently found that end-stage heart failure results in anatomically heterogeneous repolarization remodeling in humans.1 In this human study, we have used a measure of intrinsic repolarization properties that is commonly accepted in basic studies, action potential duration (APD),2,–,4 which is the basis for activation–recovery interval (ARI) and a close approximation of the functional refractory period (RP) used in clinical studies.5 Mapping APD dispersion is methodologically challenging in clinical settings, unlike basic research laboratories. …


The aim of this paper is to indicate the importance of economic cooperation for the development of regional economy of CEFTA countries and achieving better results using advantages of joint projects and access to third markets. As a free trade agreement, CEFTA has facilitated increased cooperation in the region, particularly among traditional partners that welcome the use of zero-rate customs. Ten years after signing the agreement, marked by constant improvement of trading terms between partners, CEFTA members have to find new ways to increase their trade in the conditions of economic stagnation and expand it with the EU countries. New synergies have to be achieved in order to raise trade above the current level. Also, every CEFTA member has to make an effort to resolve political conflicts and remove any nontariff barriers that could limit current cooperation. Finally, the importance of CEFTA is paramount for accession of each Western Balkan country to the EU.


Summary form only given. A wide range of electronic equipment contains certain components like lenses, heads, mirrors, CCDs, etc., that have to be precisely positioned. For this task two approaches are usual: nudge the part to the correct position manually (only suitable for skilled technicians) or equip the part itself with a micro positioning stage. While the first one requires a long time for fine positioning and eliminates the possibility of a full automatic assembly line, the second one normally needs too much space and a mechanical connection between the part and the stage. In this paper we present a system for positioning printed circuit boards automatically in three degrees of freedom (lateral and longitudinal translation and rotation) with submicron accuracy. No mechanical link exists between the actuators and the board, neither is the board positioned over the actuators. Therefore the board can be pushed but not pulled. The solution involves the use of piezo impact actuators combined with a feedback control system incorporating adaptive control.


Context. Light echoes of supernovae have proven to be a viable tool for characterizing both the supernova explosion mechanism and the surrounding circumstellar and interstellar medium. Aims. We explore new possibilities for identifying infrared echoes with WISE data and extend the area of known echoes around the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A in different illumination conditions. Methods. Preliminary release WISE data around Cassiopeia A is analyzed and compared to Spitzer-MIPS data. While Spitzer-WISE difference images directly show evidence of infrared light echoes, they can also be identified according to their 22/12 μm flux ratio. Results. We find that WISE allows the detection of previously unknown infrared echoes in various illumination conditions. For the first time, infrared echoes at distances greater than 800 pc from a supernova remnant have been found. The 22/12 μm flux ratio criterion can be used as a conceptual factor for identifying infrared echoes around other supernovae as well as providing insights into the dust processing conditions of the interstellar medium.


Purpose:To investigate the value and methods of Ho:YAG laser in the treatment of superficial bladder tumors.Methods:Endoscopic holmium laser bladder tumor resection involving transurethral or percutaneous transvesical approach has been performed in 60 patients with superficial bladder tumors.Results:The procedure were performed successful in all cases with no complication. Random biopsies of the tumor base and incisal margin were negative. All patients had been followed up for 3 to 24 months with a mean of 13 months, Heterotopic recurrences presented in 3 patients.Conclusions:Endoscopic holmium laser resection of bladder tumor (HoLRBt) is an effective method with the advantages of simple procedure, precise resection and no serious complication.


Summary: Amaranth, a food color, is used in variety of food products to attract consumers, especially children. The purpose of the present study was to identify the component present in the food system which acts as a carrier of color and its distribution. The protein is the most possible candidate for color-conjugates and this was first explored by staining the resolved food proteins on PAGE simultaneously and separately with Amaranth as well as by Coomassie brilliant blue R250. It is the most widely used dye for protein assay. The color intensity of the Amaranth-protein complexes was slightly less than those of Coomassie brilliant blue R250, although the bands stained by Amaranth were very sharp, clearly separated and distinct. The staining procedure followed for Amaranth was quick. The impact of tryptic digestibility on amaranth–protein complexes has illustrated that dye may safely be used without any adverse effect. The possible mo0de of conjugation between amino acid and azo-bond is also discussed. The possible moode of conjugation between amino acid and azo-bond is also discussed.


This study aims to revisit the stock price–volume relations, providing new evidence from the emerging market of Qatar. In particular, three main issues are examined using both aggregate market- and sector-level data. First, the return–volume relation and whether or not this relation is asymmetric. Second, the common characteristics of return volatility; and third, the nature of the relation between trading volume and return volatility.,The study uses the OLS and VAR modeling approaches to examine the contemporaneous and dynamic (causal) relations between index returns and trading volume, respectively, while an EGARCH-X(1,1) model is used to analyze the volatility–volume relation. The data set comprises daily index observations and the corresponding trading volumes for the entire market and the individual seven sectors of the Qatar Exchange (i.e. banks and financial services, consumer goods and services, industrials, insurance, real estate, telecommunications and transportation).,The empirical analysis reports evidence of a positive contemporaneous return–volume relation in all sectors barring transportation and insurance. This relation appears to be asymmetric for all sectors. For the market and almost all sectors, there is no significant causality between returns and volume. By and large, these findings lend support for the implications of the mixture of distributions hypothesis (MDH). Lastly, the information content of lagged volume seems to have an important role in predicting the future dynamics of return volatility in all sectors, with the industrials being the exception.,The findings provide important implications for portfolio managers and investors, given that the volume of transactions is generally found to be informative about the price movement of sector indices. Specifically, tracking the behavior of trading volume over time can give a broad portrayal of the future direction of market prices and volatility of equity, thereby enriching the information set available to investors for decision-making.,Based on both market- and sector-level data from the emerging stock market of Qatar, this study attempts to fill an important void in the literature by examining the return–volume and volatility–volume linkages.


Michael Flürscheim (1844-1912) was an important but now largely forgotten utopian of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who was at the center of a nexus of economic and social reforms focusing on the single tax, land nationalization, and an improved currency. He wrote a number of utopias in both German and English, was involved with two intentional communities, and established exchange banks in New Zealand where people could exchange goods and services directly or through the notes the banks issued.


The process of burnishing is performed by applying a highly polished and hardened ball or roller with external force onto the surface of a cylindrical work piece. The burnishing process increases the surface hardness of the work piece, which in turn improves wear resistance, increases corrosion resistance, improves tensile strength, maintains dimensional stability and improves the fatigue strength by inducing residual compressive stresses in the surface of the work piece. In the present experimental work, both ball and roller burnishing tools are used. Experiments are conducted to study the performance of the ball and roller burnishing tools on lathe, along with the influence of number of burnishing tool passes on the surface roughness and surface hardness of brass specimens. The results revealed that improvements in the surface finish and increase in the surface hardness are obtained by the increase of the number of burnishing tool passes in both ball burnishing and roller burnishing on the brass specimens.


Heme‐containing proteins have recently attracted increasing attention for their ability to promote synthetically valuable transformations not found in nature. Following the recent discovery that engineered variants of myoglobin can catalyze the direct conversion of organic azides into aldehydes, we investigated the azide oxidative deamination reactivity of a variety of hemoproteins featuring different heme coordination environments. Our studies show that although several heme‐containing enzymes possess basal activity in this reaction, an engineered variant of the bacterial cytochrome P450 CYP102A1 constitutes a particularly efficient biocatalyst for promoting this transformation, and it exhibits a broad substrate scope along with high catalytic activity (up to 11 300 turnovers), excellent chemoselectivity, and enhanced reactivity toward secondary alkyl azides to yield ketones. Mechanistic studies and Michaelis–Menten analyses provided insight into the mechanism of the reaction and the impact of active‐site mutations on the catalytic properties of the P450. Altogether, these studies demonstrate that engineered P450 variants represent promising biocatalysts for the synthesis of aryl aldehydes and ketones through the oxidative deamination of alkyl azides under mild reaction conditions.


The paper presents aspects on data processing obtained following measurements and recordings made in view of verification of braking system of winding installation machines. To exemplify these aspects, braking system verification of winding installation machine at Shaft 2 in Lupeni Mining Plant and the braking system of winding installation machine of Central Shaft at Petrila Mining Plant were studied.


It was hypothesized that the perceived social category membership of others becomes salient as a description and explanation of their behaviour where their attitudes 'fit' the social categorization. Fit is defined as the degree to which the attributes of others are perceived to correlate with group membership in a normatively consistent direction. In Expt 1 subjects viewed tape—slide presentations of six‐person groups where gender composition ('solo' or 'collective') and the pattern of agreement ('deviance' or 'conflict') were manipulated in a 2 × 2 design to produce a correlation between gender and attitudes in the solo/deviance and collective/conflict conditions. In Expt 2, subjects viewed videos of a group of three arts and three science students in which the normative consistency of an arts target person ('consistent' or 'inconsistent') and the pattern of agreement ('consensus' or 'conflict' or 'deviance') were manipulated in a 2 × 3 design to produce a normative correlation between faculty membership and attitudes in the consistent/conflict condition. Salience was measured by stereotyping in terms of, and attributions to, social category memberships. The results of both experiments were largely consistent with predictions. 1991 The British Psychological Society


A relation between the fluorescence intensity and the OH concentration is derived based on an analysis of the system of kinetic equations describing the interaction of resonant of the system of kinetic equations describing the interaction of resonant laser radiation with an OH molecule. Experimental profiles of the fluorescence intensity in propane-air flames with a stoichiometric composition and excess fuel are presented. It is established that a protective nitrogen flame eliminates the zone of secondary combustion when excess fuel is present. A new method of calibration, based on taking into account the reabsorption of laser radiation, is proposed. The measurements of the OH concentrations performed by the method of laser-induced fluorescence agree well with the results of absorption measurements. {copyright} 1989 Plenum Publishing Corporation


While composing process research has revealed great variation among writers and among types of writers, research has largely ignored fluctuation in writing behaviours of a single writer. This study contrasted both texts and behaviours of six ESL writers as they wrote a practice essay test with their texts and behaviours in an actual English composition proficiency examination. Fluctuations were observed in the complexity of the texts generated, in the allocation of time to various activities, in the writers' pausing behaviours, and in the type of alterations they made while inscribing. In addition, the six writers displayed six unique profiles. The findings suggest that assessment practices need to distinguish writing problems from language problems and that instructional practices need to attend to composing behaviours, accommodating students who are apprehensive about writing or anxious about tests. The findings reiterate the long-standing suspicion about the validity of assessing writing skill through a single text.


This specification defines an XMPP protocol extension that enables entities to include RFC822-style address headers within XMPP stanzas in order to specify multiple recipients or sub-addresses.


This report describes the development of a rating scale and direct observation measure to monitor the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) in the home or school setting. The study applied an accuracy-reliability paradigm to validate the newly created rating scale and observation measure. An incontrovertible index using a scripted performance captured on videotape was developed. Participants included 10 student actors, an adult actor (the teacher), six trained graduate student observers, and nine experts in the field of OCD. Major findings included: (1) OCD expert ratings and observations ranged from moderately accurate to accurate; (2) graduate student observers were fairly reliable using the direct observation system and rating scale; (3) moderate to moderately high correlations were found between observations and ratings; (4) the direct observation system demonstrated sensitivity to change in the expected direction for the four target behaviors; and (5) the rating scale demonstrated sensitivity to change when the experts completed it, but not when the graduate students used it. Individual chapters of the report provide an introduction, a literature review, methodology explanation, presentation of results, and a discussion. Appendices include letters, coding information, the training manual, and the raw data. (Contains 59 references.) (DB) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************


With the use of the general covariant matrix 10-dimensional Petiau -- Duffin -- Kemmer formalism in cylindrical coordinates and tetrad there are constructed exact solutions of the quantum-mechanical equation for a particle with spin 1 in presence of an external homogeneous magnetic field. There are separated three linearly independent types of solutions; in each case the formula for energy levels has been found.


PNI is a calculated parameter using the albumin and the lymphocyte count from the CBC, which demonstrates the immunological and nutritional status of the patient. The aim of this study is to show the relationship between PNI and mortality in COVID‐19 patients and to reveal a PNI cut‐off value for mortality.


Purpose: Bonny light crude oil has been used in folkloric medicine in treating different diseases in combination with Medicinal plants. Cnidoscolus aconitifolius has been reported to possess medicinal properties. This study is aimed at determining experimentally if the acclaimed benefits are true.
Methodology: This study investigated the biochemical effect of Bonny light crude oil and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extract orally administered to albino rats at different concentrations. In this study, albino rats were orally exposed to different concentrations of Bonny light oil (BLCO) and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extract individually and in combination.
Findings: The results after 21days of exposure revealed that BLCO and Cnidoscolus aconitifolius induction at concentrations of 250mg/kgb.wt and 500mg/kgb.wt could induce physiological damage within 21days. This is revealed by the results obtained from the histological analysis of the testes and the detectable heavy metal concentration in the blood samples.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practice:  As a result, the induction of this leaf extract and BLCO at concentrations of 250mgf/kgb.wt and 500mg/kgb.wt consecutively for 21days may be injurious to health as revealed by the results from the histological analysis. Therefore, it is recommended that the use of this plant leaf extract and BLCO in folkloric medicine at concentrations similar to the ones used in this research should be avoided.


Abstract Parents often face a trade-off between allocating resources to many young with lower survival, or fewer young with higher survival. To examine trade-offs in litter size and juvenile survival in mule deer, and how survival was influenced by the nutritional condition of the female, we compared the survival of 30 twin and singleton mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) fawns during their 1st summer in eastern Washington. Overall fawn mortality was high (51.6%), especially during the 1st half of the summer (61.3%). Coyote predation caused 58.3% of all identified fawn mortalities. Twin fawns had a risk of dying 2.6 times higher than single fawns, and the difference between twin and singleton survival was most drastic during the first 1.5 months of life. Body fat of females during their last trimester of pregnancy predicted the number of fetuses they were carrying and whether they had at least 1 fawn surviving until the fall, but not the number of fawns surviving. Under these conditions, a litter size of 2 would be considered optimal because mothers giving birth to twins produced an average of 0.92 fawns by fall, whereas mothers producing singles ended up with only 0.75 fawns. However, our model suggested that a population producing only twins would be expected to increase only 4% faster than one producing only singletons.


Correction for 'Chromatic response of polydiacetylene vesicle induced by the permeation of methotrexate' by Min Jae Shin et al., Soft Matter, 2015, 11, 5037–5043.


Approaching China Through Its Architecture Compiled by Li Qiong, Reviser: Qin Ling 275 pages Published by New Star Press in July 2012T HE architecture of a civilization is an expression of its culture at a speciic time and place. Chinese architecture itself has a distinctive position in the world's architectural heritage, developing in parallel with Western architectural traditions originating from ancient Greece and Rome. While Western architec- ture generally puts emphasis on the size, shape, and


The present invention is provided with: a bypass passage 60 that connects an upstream side part and a downstream side part with respect to the compressor 52 of an air intake passage 20; and a bypass passage opening/closing valve 62 for opening/closing the bypass passage 60. The air intake passage 20 has a first passage 122 extending along a first direction from the compressor 52 toward the upstream side, a bent part 124 bent from the upstream end of the first passage 122 toward a second direction, and a second passage 126a extending along the second direction from the upstream end of the bent part 124. The second passage 126a is formed to have a vertically long sectional shape such that the vertical-direction size is longer than the width-direction size, and a vibration suppressing part 140 for suppressing vibration in the second passage 126a is provided in the second passage 126a and/or the bent part 124.


The current study describes the channel impedance analyzer. The signals f analyzer were acquired in a computer usin LabVIEW program was made to connect the software. A provision was made in the soft impedance data from both the channels may individually or by subtracting the channel channel two data. Additionally, a provision w the data in a text file for analysis that a later st Keywords—Sinewave generator, Two analyzer, Stainless Steel electrode, Saline, USB


The main aim of this qualitative research was to analyze the listening skill in students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the teachers' level of knowledge to teach these students. The study took place in a private school in Latacunga-Ecuador. A second grade student, who was believed to have this disorder, was chosen for the study.  First, a psycho-pedagogical observation was carried out in order to determine if the behavior of the selected student matches the characteristics of the disorder. Then, a listening test was applied in order to identify her listening level. In addition, a survey to identify teachers' level of knowledge to teach these students was employed. Data gathered show that the student's behavior matches all the characteristics of the disorder. Second, through a listening test, it was possible to realize that the student with the disorder had problems in listening comprehension. Finally, the survey revealed that most of the teachers do not known strategies to teach this type of students. In fact, they are not familiarized with ADHD features and they have never had any training in strategies to teach students with ADHD.


This paper presents an estimation framework to assess the performance of the sorting function over data that is perturbed. In particular, the performance is measured in terms of the Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) between the values of the sorting function computed on the data without perturbation and the estimate that uses the sorting function applied to the perturbed data. It is first shown that, under certain conditions satisfied by the practically relevant Gaussian noise perturbation, the optimal estimator can be expressed as a linear combination of estimators on the unsorted data. Then, a suboptimal estimator is proposed, and its performance is evaluated and compared to the optimal estimator. Finally, a lower bound on the desired MMSE is derived when data is i.i.d. and has a Gaussian distribution. This is accomplished by solving a new problem that consists of estimating the norm of an unsorted vector from a noisy observation of it.


FATIH project of Turkey is one of the largest educational technology projects in the world that aims to ensure equality in education and to improve technological infrastructure at schools. Eksi Sozluk, one of the most popular social media platforms in Turkey, has been an important agent in interpreting and reproducing information as a new public sphere. This study aims to explore the topics presented within the discourses in Eksi Sozluk regarding FATIH project. A total of 307 entries posted between 2010 and 2017 were analyzed using the method of discourse analysis. The results showed that FATIH project has been discussed in public sphere in terms of technological, political-ideological and project design dimensions rather than the educational dimension .


Automatic analysis of medical cell images has been gaining more importance in pharmacology and toxicology research. Segmentation of cell bodies is the crucial step in their analysis since result of segmentation directly affect the following quantitative analysis steps. On the other hand, various smoothing representations of cell bodies are desired to calculate different parameters of the cells. In this work, a new version the Constraint Satisfaction Neural Network (CSNN) algorithm is used to segment the cell images in various details. This is accomplished by incorporating in the CSNN algorithm a multiresolution scheme using pyramid structure.


Iris based identity verification is highly reliable but it can also be subject to attacks. Pupil dilation or constriction stimulated by the application of drugs are examples of sample presentation security attacks which can lead to higher false rejection rates. Suspects on a watch list can potentially circumvent the iris based system using such methods. This paper investigates a new approach using multiple parts of the iris (instances) and multiple iris samples in a sequential decision fusion framework that can yield robust performance. Results are presented and compared with the standard full iris based approach for a number of iris degradations. An advantage of the proposed fusion scheme is that the trade-off between detection errors can be controlled by setting parameters such as the number of instances and the number of samples used in the system. The system can then be operated to match security threat levels. It is shown that for optimal values of these parameters, the fused system also has a lower total error rate.


There is an increasing demand for reliability and improvement of traffic information as the ITS is built across Korea, and for schemes for improving traffic services and traffic safety. In particular, there is a demand for developing a performance evaluation system to ensure reliability and to build and install a stable system for ITS equipment which has a direct impact on traffic information quality, convenient traffic services, and traffic safety. To implement this, the Korean government or involved institutions carry out performance evaluation, BMT, Verification of ITS Standard Observance for some ITS equipment in order to build ITS which ensures reliability and safety. They are also developing technical regulations, operation guidelines, standard, certification procedures, and inspection systems to facilitate certification and evaluation of various ITS equipment. There is a need of enacting operation guidelines and technical regulations for ITS equipment not enacted yet in order to continue to enhance the ITS investment effect and to ensure exact traffic information and facility reliability. In this study, the author describes details of performance evaluation and test/inspection for each field to be useful for the fields which need more details for performance evaluation and test.


A nursing home is usually the main place of caring for older adults when family attendances are inattentive. The concept of nursing homes is becoming out-of-date, noting that the society is working to develop a new model for caring of older adult. The purpose of the study is to review social needs for elderly in nursing homes in Jordan.The study was used with clients who were residing in nursing homes. A convenience sampling method (n= 155). Residents were selected; a questionnaire was constructed as tools for data collection by the researcher for the purpose of the study. Content validity was determined by a panel of experts in different specialties. Reliability of instrument was determined by the use of test-retest approach through the pilot study which was carried out and was used as tools for data collection.The findings revealed that, majority of the residents were widowed who represented 38.1%.Only 15.5% of them were visited by their family relatives more than 5 times during the year. The study depicted that 61.3% had trusted staff and 25.1 % had trusted friends in the nursing home. In regard to loneliness, 66.5% of subjects had been feeling aloneness and they required outside assistance. Older adult were Suffering from compressive of social factors that caused psychological health problems which need to policy to solve those factors.


. In this article, we demonstrate how to use multi-decision-making tools such as fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and Thurstone's model of comparative judgement to find the relative valuation of online and offline channels of retailing. We list various factors customers consider while choosing between the two alternatives: shopping online vs. traditional brick and mortar store. Using the responses collected from a random sample of college students, we quantify the relative valuation of online and offline channels of retailing for that customer segment.


In a business world where there is great competition between companies seeking to find solutions to surmount the difficulties they face. One of the ways they do that is the development of logistics and innovation. Companies often find solutions, it is innovation that want to overtake the competition and generate substantial revenue for the competition before it manages to find out. Numerous innovations over time and become a patent by which the company can be recognized. Logistics task is to connect business processes from concept to finished product to market. In Croatia, the state of patents is not growing strongly, but on the contrary is declining. For the procedure for the protection and realization of rights in the Republic in charge of the State Intellectual Property Office, which takes care of the above application and presents the results in their annual reports.


Coherent communication with multi-level modulation and digital signal processing (DSP) is considered a promising solution to satisfy the exponentially-growing Internet traffic. DSP algorithms with low computational complexity and feed-forward (FF) structure are highly desirable in high baud rate optical coherent receivers. We present a carrier phase recovery algorithm to jointly compensate frequency offset and carrier phase noise based on the widely-used Viterbi and Viterbi phase estimation (VVPE) algorithm with reduced computational complexity and hardware resources. An adaptive joint-polarization frequency offset (FO) estimator is proposed in place of the normal one-time FO estimation for better estimation accuracy and reduced system memory requirement. Simulation and experiment results validate the performance superiority of the proposed algorithm against the classic carrier phase recovery algorithms combination.


An optical true time delay line (OTTDL) is an essential component in optical signal processing. A Bragg grating structure is usually employed in OTTDL design, which makes it possible to achieve a slow-light effect. Here, we present the design and experimental demonstration of a cladding modulated waveguide Bragg grating (CMWBG) that supports transverse magnetic polarization for OTTDL application. In contrast to traditional waveguide Bragg gratings that support transverse electric polarization, the proposed structure has low propagation loss and high fabrication tolerance characteristics. The slow-light effect of the CMWBG was experimentally demonstrated with a high group index value. An averaged maximum group delay value of up to 84.4 ps was achieved at a length of 1 mm CMWBG, and a tuning range of about 81.4 ps was obtained.


Archimedean copulas are used to construct bivariate Weibull distributions. Co-movement structures of variables are analyzed through the copulas, where the tail dependence between the variables is explored with more flexibility. Based on the distance between the copula distribution and its empirical version, a copula that may best fit data is selected. With extra computing costs, the adequacy of the copula chosen is then assessed. When multiple myeloma data are considered, it is found that relationship between survival time of a patient and the hemoglobin level is well described by the Clayton copula. The bivariate Weibull distribution constructed by the copula is used to estimate value at risk from which we investigate the anticipated longest life expectancy of a patient with the disease over the treatment period.


This study presents a conceptual strategy for the Ecohumanization of a modern city that develops the processes of ecological and humanistic modeling, as well as modernization of modern cities in the context of global urbanization, which by the beginning of the 21st century has led to a significant change in a city that is seen as a field for human activity. Long-term industrialization, the primacy of the commodity-centered paradigm in the evolution of society caused the dehumanization and de-ecologization of life in a modern city. Ecological and humanistic indicators of life standard dictate the necessity in joint overcoming the existing existential disharmony between man and nature, man and urban environment, urban environment and nature. This determines the need for conceptualization of a single ecohumanistic strategy for the development of a modern city aimed at eliminating this disharmony by solving environmental and sociocultural problems and limiting the risks that exist in this sphere. The chapter proves the necessity of the transition of society from the industrialism to the humanism, provides a comparative analysis of the terms "ecohumanization" and "humane ecology", as well as explains "ecohumanization" and the already existing concepts of "humane megacity", "sustainable urban development"; practical-oriented solutions aimed at optimizing the process of designing and modernizing of urban area.


Head, Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Central Railway Headquarters Hospital, Mumbai 400027 newer therapeutic options like Cardiac Synchronization Therapy (CRT) in Heart Failure and Automated Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (AICD) which have given improved quality of life and better morbidity and mortality benefits, but at a cost which may be a big limiting factor in developing nations.


The photothermal displacement response of GaTe as a function of frequency is presented and anomalies in this behaviour are interpreted in terms of free carrier lifetime and diffusion effects.


Document engineering is all about building systems and tools that allow people to work with documents and document collections. A key aspect is the usefulness and usability of these tools. In this tutorial, we will look at the many different kinds of user studies and user evaluations that can be used to inform the design and improve utility and usability of document engineering applications. The tutorial will be based on actual studies and will also give participants a chance to explore how they might use these techniques in their research or system development.


Advanced theoretical schemes for calculating atomic chemical environment effect on the β decay characteristics are developed. As method of calculation of the relativistic atomic fields and electron wave functions, the gauge invariant Dirac‐Fock type and Dirac‐Kohn‐Sham approaches are used. The numerical results for atomic chemical environment effect on the β decay of the sulfur and plutonium are presented.


This paper considers spatial count data from an agricultural field experiment. Counts of weed plants in a field have been recorded in a project on precision farming. Interest is in mapping the weed intensity so that the dose of herbicide applied at any location can be adjusted to the amount of weed present at the location. We elaborate on a link between state space models and Markov random fields. The observations are modelled as independent Poisson counts conditional on a Gaussian Markov random field. We employ the fact that the model may be written as a state space model which may be analysed by combining approximate Kalman filter techniques with importance sampling.


Our country is in a rapid process of Urbanization,which need timely and accurately evaluation of the level of a city's urbanization,In order to understand what has been achieved and the problems to be solved,this article first con structs the urbanization level evaluation index system of Haikou city,then uses the AHP method and other methods to evaluate urbanization level of Haikou city,and then discuss each index,finally,put forward the urbanization countermea sure of Haikou city.


In this paper, we propose a shared tag memory through which both TLB and cache memory can be accessed. The shared tag architecture reduces the area of conventional cache tag memory and also improves the speed of cache system. To validate the proposed architecture, we conducted trace-driven simulations and measured the area and speed based on VLSI circuits.


The memory threshold is set mainly relying on the empirical value in LMK(low memory killer),which cannot make full use of system memory.To solve such problem,a low memory killer algorithm based on statistical analysis and predicting(LMK-SAP)is proposed.Firstly this algorithm records the use of processes memory and employs conditional probability to predict the memory increment in the next time window.Then the total predictive value of system memory for various types of processes that used to dynamically adjust the memory threshold is achieved.Finally the process to be closed is selected.The experiment results show that this algorithm resides 56% more applications in memory than LMK and effectively reduces the switch time between applications.


Effect of high sulfur and high acid value crude oil temperature on corrosion rate of 1Cr5Mo steel was studied by high temperature and pressure autoclave.The microstructure of corrosion product and chemical composition of corrosion film were measured and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS).The corrosive electrochemical behaviour was examined by electrochemical method.The results show that the 1Cr5Mo steel is corroded by naphthenic acid when crude oil temperature is lower than 473 K,and the cossion rate increases slowly with increasing temperature.The 1Cr5Mo steel is corroded by naphthenic acid and active sulfur with a rapid increase in corrosion rate when crude oil temperature is higher than 473 K.When the oil temperature is higher than 513 K,the whole corrosion film is formed,the self-corrosion current density of the 1Cr5Mo decreases.However,when the oil temperature is 553 K,the product film becomes loose and flocculent structure,and self-corrosion current density increases remarkably.


As a new web-based teaching mode,WebQuest is introduced to classroom by more and more teachers.It is one of the important means of teaching reform.But in the process of educational practice,this learning model should be changed with teaching content and teaching aim.This article explores the creation of learning model based-on WebQuest and analyses the model's advantages and disadvantages and the problems that we should pay attention to in practical application


Abstract : A bibliography is presented of 914 numbered items from 21 countries: books, articles, reports, research memoranda, and symposium contributions relevant to the fields of computational linguistics and documentation that became available in 1966. Particular attention is given to classification theory and practice and to computer hardware and programming for nonumerical applications (language processing). Entries under Documentation cover abstracting, bibliographic analysis, dissemination, indexing, organization, personnel, user relations, and publications systems. Psycholinguistics receives extensive coverage. There are also items on research methods, semantics, structural theory, style, and on the characteristics of 17 languages and language groups. An author index and an organization index are included, the latter divided by country. (Author)


Creativity is the ability of students to create new things of learning in the study, while motivation is the force that will drive the physical and spiritual person to do something in order to achieve the desired goal. This study aimed to determine: (1) The role of creativity and motivation to learn together on learning achievement on students of MIN Susukan Semarang, (2) the role of creativity in learning achievement on students of MIN Susukan Semarang, and (3). The role of motivation on learning achievement on students of MIN Susukan Semarang. This research is quantitative. The methods of data collection using questionnaires and documentation of learning achievement. The tool of data collection includes questionnaire learning creative, questionnaire learning motivation, and the scores of leger students. Techniques of data analysis in this study tests the hypothesis tested by multiple linear regression. The results are as follows: (1) There is the role of learning creativity and learning motivation are significant together toward the achievement of learners MIN Susukan Semarang, indicated by the value of F count (1611.165) > F table (3.94); (2) There is a significant role of creative learning on learning achievement of students MIN Susukan Semarang, indicated by the t value (2.570) > t table (1.983), and (3). There is a significant role of motivation on learning achievement of students MIN Susukan Semarang, indicated by the t value (8.929) > t table (1.983). This study is expected to be useful as an alternative in an effort to improve student achievement through increased creativity and students' motivation to learn, especially for students at the elementary school.


Abstract : The author proves the stability of the dispersion method on the upper layer, making the assumption that certain methods approximating the first boundary value problem of the heat conduction and wave equations are stable with respect to the initial conditions.


The most cursory look at Nigerian dramatic literature reveals that the Marxist ideology provides a broad field for a good number of Nigerian playwrights. One possible explanation for this is that the writers, products of a society which had witnessed and continues to witness different socio-political injustices, find in it a potent weapon with which to wrestle with the new problems of their people. The writers of these plays consider their literature as a potent weapon in their people's struggle against the oppressive ruling class. In this paper, our intention is to expose the Marxist craftsmanship in Femi Osofisan's The Chattering and The Song and Ola Rotimi's Hopes of The Living Dead. We consider these two plays as being among the best examples of Nigeria's Marxist-oriented plays.
(Humanities Review: 2001 1(2): 54-59)


According to the B.Pozen's concept, a "security dilemma" occurs in situations of weakness or collapse of central authorities. Consequentially, if public institutions do not undertake efforts to prevent the politicisation of ethnicity, to provide communication between ethnic groups and to allow their claims (or do not have the capacity and resources to do so), than the risk that ethnic groups will face the security dilemma increases. This opens a "window of opportunity" for "ethnic entrepreneurs". However, the ethnopolitical mobilisation of one group may interpreted by the other as a threat, especially in the presence of negative historical experience in their relationship. It's not surprising that many researchers into ethnic conflicts have strong beliefs that such conflicts generate a sense of security threats between members of one ethnic group, in a situation when they do not know the intention of the opposing group to which they are hostile or who ascribe a hostile intent. It does not matter whether the threat is real or not: according to Thomas' theory, if people define situations as real, it is real in its consequences. As a result, groups begin to present their differences with the opposing group as a threat to security for members of the community. These perceived (either traceable or provoked) threats can serve as incentives for preventing attacks or ethno-political mobilisation of other groups as a response, which in turn can be interpreted by the leaders of the other groups as a threat to their security. Thus, "the efforts of each participant to ensure their own security, on the contrary, increases the probability of armed conflict", because they generate a mobilisation spiral, and can lead to the initiation of violent acts. Refs 15.


Through using the method of literature review,questionnaire and statistics,this paper analyzes the sports injury of college students in basketball class and puts forward valid preventive measures in order to minimize the sports injury.


Esor Pipelines, a division of Esor Construction, has completed 34% of its 36 month contract on the Western Aqueduct Phase 2 for client eThekwini Municipality in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, reports Contracts Manager Stephen Cahi. The scope of work is the construction of 17 km of DN 1 400 mm and 8 km of DN 1 000 mm continuously welded pipeline.


Purpose To study the value of the ultrasonic imaging in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast tumor. Methods Color doppler ultrasound examination were conducted in 262 cases of patients with breast tumor. The morphology of the tumor,edge,envelope,internal echo,microcalcification,length and breadth ratio,axillary lymph node and blood-flow signals of color doppler in breast tumors were observed and these results were compared with the pathological observation postoperation.Results There were 314 tumors in all cases,the coincidence rate in the diagnosis of benign breast diseases with ultrasonic imaging and pathological diagnosis was 97. 3%,the misdiagnosis rate was 2. 7%. The coincidence rate in the diagnosis of breast malignant tumors with ultrasound imaging and pathological diagnosis was 92. 9%,the misdiagnosis rate was 7. 1%. There were statistically significant differences between benign tumors and malignant tumors in the tumor shape,edge,echo,microcalcification,length and breadth ratio,axillary lymph node imaging characteristics( P 0. 01). Conclusion Ultrasound imaging can be more accurate diagnosis and identification of benign and malignant breast tumors.


Notwithstanding advances in modern surgery, the problem of surgical infection continues to remain relevant and fully unsolved. Streptococcal necrotizing soft tissue infection does not belong to a category of specific infections; however, it is characterized by a number of substantial clinical features, requiring a special approach to its diagnosis and treatment. The paper gives the current concept in the diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal necrotizing infection and discusses the topical issues of early diagnosis and the general principles of surgical policy.


This experience, combined with the observation that only global economic depressions—the last one of them occurring in 2008—resulted in an absolute decline of CO2 emissions, might have contributed to an increasing awareness that a decoupling of gross domestic product (GDP) growth on the one hand and material and energy throughput on the other hand might not be achievable at all. A growing community of scientists and social activists, sharing the basic insight that a reduction of energy and material use implies a reduction of GDP, is gathering under the heading of "sustainable degrowth" (Martínez-Alier et al. 2010).


【Objective】 The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary nitrate N addition level on the rumen fermentation and microbial efficiency. 【Method】 The experimental diets were formulated with six dietary nitrate N addition levels including 0,6%,12%,18%,24% and 30%,respectively. The fermentation in vitro was carried out in dual-flow continuous culture system lasting for 144 h. 【Result】 As dietary nitrate N addition level increased,ruminal pH and total VFA of fermenter contents were unchanged (P0.05),while the molar percentages of propionic acid (Q,P0.01) increased,and acetic acid (Q,P0.01) and ammonia concentration decreased (Q,P0.01). At the same time,there were quadratic increases (Q,P0.01) in the digestibility of DM,OM and CP. Microbial efficiency (MOEEF) increased quadratically (Q,P0.01) as dietary nitrate N addition level increased. 【Conclusion】 Theses results indicated that dietary nitrate N could be used by ruminal microorganisms. As dietary nitrate N addition level increased,the ruminal fermentation parameters,digestibilities and MOEEF changed in varying degrees. Besides,ruminal MOEEF and fermentability were greater at the dietary nitrate N addition range of 12% to 18%.