In the process of knowledge graph construction, entity linking is a pivotal step, which maps mentions in text to a knowledge base. Existing models only utilize individual information to represent their latent features and ignore the correlation between entities and their mentions. Besides, in the process of entity feature extraction, only partial latent features, i.e., context features, are leveraged to extract latent features, and the pivotal entity structural features are ignored. In this paper, we propose SA-ESF, which leverages the symmetrical Bi-LSTM neural network with the double attention mechanism to calculate the correlation between mentions and entities in two aspects: (1) entity embeddings and mention context features; (2) mention embeddings and entity description features; furthermore, the context features, structural features, and entity ID feature are integrated to represent entity embeddings jointly. Finally, we leverage (1) the similarity score between each mention and its candidate entities and (2) the prior probability to calculate the final ranking results. The experimental results on nine benchmark dataset validate the performance of SA-ESF where the average F1 score is up to 0.866.


In the blending process of alumina production, raw materials are fed into mill and blended to form the raw-blending slurry. In this blending process, mill load is one of the key factors to affect production, energy consumption. With data fusion approach, current and vibrate are used to estimate the state of mill load on-line. Application in an alumina factory shows the validity of the proposed approach.


The operation of a university is strongly influenced by the availability of electrical energy. So that currently, electrical energy is one of the absolute and unavoidable basic needs of universities such as Hasanuddin University (Unhas). This is because at Unhas, there are modern learning and practicum facilities, both for the learning process, academic administration needs, and teaching media that generally use electrical energy-based equipment. Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, Unhas's electricity consumption was relatively high. From 2018 to 2019, the average amount of electrical energy consumption was 14.3 GWh per year. Since entering 2020, the consumption of electrical energy has decreased to an average of 4.3 GWh. The decrease in usage is because at Unhas, there is often a policy of working from home for employees and lecturers, and studying at home for students. The decrease of 4.3 GWh was due to the absence of student activities at Unhas. So that it can be illustrated that the use of electrical energy of 4.3 GWh is an academic administrative activity. This paper aims to deliver an overview of the impact of covid 19 on the decline in electricity consumption at Unhas. © 2023 Author(s).


Construction of road pavement requires large amount of materials. Effort to incorporate secondary or lower quality materials had been done. This is particularly attractive for constructing lower trafficked road. Within this experiments waste polypropylene (PP) plastic was used as partial aggregate substitute in sand sheet asphalt mixture, with objective to evaluate its properties. The amount of plastic used was 10%, 20%, and 30%. The aggregate and plastic were proportioned. The aggregate were heated to around 155-160 °C, then pre-melted asphalt and the waste plastic were added then re-mixed until the asphalt evenly coat the materials. The mixture was compacted at 2x50 Marshall blows. It was found that at 8.5% optimum asphalt content, and at all range of plastic content the stability was 277.41-283.49 kg (> 200kg), Void in Mixture within range (3-6%), Void in Mineral Aggregate >20% and Void Filled with Bitumen >75%, all met the Indonesian specification. However the flows were > max 3mm and Marshall Quotient < min 80 kg/mm (did not specification). When incorporating plastic, only limited amount of plastic (less than 10%) can be incorporated to meet the specification.


A major tax decision was recently handed down by the High Court that may have implications for corporate groups using in-house finance subsidiaries to fund capital-intensive projects. While the taxpayer won the case, there were some issues to be learned about structuring and record keeping for such projects.


The problem of reconstruction an unknown signal waveform from bispectrum is considered. A new approach based on utilization of continuous sine and cosine functions instead of conventional discontinuous bispectrum phase function in signal reconstruction recursive algorithm is proposed. The performance of the developed signal waveform reconstruction algorithm is analyzed by numerical simulation for real- valued deterministic discrete-time signals containing discontinuities of the first kind in the cases of different sampling rates. Simulation studies demonstrate that significant reconstructed signal quality enhancement occurs with the proposed simple and computationally efficient algorithm.


Tetronic acid esters and amides, which are readily available from the corresponding tetronic acids, serve as useful starting materials in an intra- or intermolecular [2+2]-photocycloaddition reaction. Typical reaction conditions are irradiation at λ = 254 nm in diethyl ether or an alcohol as the solvent. The bi-, tri- or tetracyclic products so obtained can be further utilized by ring opening either of the lactone or the cyclobutane ring. Lactone ring opening led to the use of a tetramide photocycloaddition product as a conformationally restricted β-proline analogue and to an application of a tetronate photocycloaddition product in the total synthesis of punctaporonin C.


We report an investigation into the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT), following topically applied 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA), as a treatment for plaque psoriasis. Treatment was performed 4 hours post-ALA, using white light doses of 2 - 16 J cm-2 delivered at 10 - 40 mW cm-2. The fluorescence emission of protoporphyrin IX was used as an indicator of the relative concentration of photosensitizer within each plaque before, during, and after therapy. Results show that the rate of sensitizer photo- oxidation is proportional to both pre-treatment fluorescence intensity and surface irradiance, consistent with a rate- equation analysis. A correlation of fluorescence measurements with clinical response of plaques indicates that the effectiveness of PDT is dominated by the level of PpIX at the onset of treatment, and is much less dependent upon light dose. Using these findings we have established a PDT treatment protocol that involves the delivery of 8 J cm-2 of white light, at a rate of 15 mW cm-2. The possibility of ALA-PDT being established as the therapy of choice is discussed.


This study deals with the analysis of the phytochemical constituents present in the whole dried plant of Aerva javanica(Burm.f.) Juss. ex J.A. Schultes. The percentage yield was calculated which was found to be 40.7%. The investigation revealed the presence of the following constituent's anthraquoinones, courmain, flavonoids, diterpenes, triterpenes, saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates and condensed tannins. Then the extract was fractionated using solvent fractionation starting with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone the acetone fraction was centrifuged and the precipitated was dissolved in 70% ethanol. Each fraction was then analyzed using TLC(thin layer chromatography) with different mobile phases this lead to discovering that in the hexane fraction there were a number of flavonoids, coumarins, terpenes and alkaloids present. The chloroform fraction showed the presence of coumarins, terpenes and alkaloids, the ethyl acetate fraction indicated the presences of flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, terpenes and alkaloids, the acetone fraction established the presence of flavonoids, saponins, anthraquinones, terpenes and alkaloids. Finally the 70%ethanolic fraction illustrated the presence of anthraquinones, terpenes and alkaloids. This plant is indigenous to Sudan and is traditionally used for a number of aliments some of its uses for wound healing purposes, removal of swelling,


By taking full advantage of distributed electric vehicles in vehicle dynamic control field, optimized design has been made on dynamic control of full vehicle based on state estimation and coordinated control system of distributed electric vehicles. For tackling such problems concerning distributed electric vehicles as imperfect system in state estimation field, insufficient coordination degree in coordinated control field, poor control adaptability and poor disturbance-resistance capability, a system for dynamic state estimation and coordinated control of full vehicle by making full use of property of distributed electric vehicles is set, comprehensively improving precision of state estimation and dynamic performance of vehicles. This chapter studied state estimation and coordinated control system of distributed electric vehicles. Based on the concept of hierarchical design, the integrated system framework was designed, functions of various subsystems were specified, input and output of various subsystems were defined, logical relation of each layer was combed and technological difficulties and key points concerning the system was planned. 2.1 Structural Design of the System Given the fact that state estimation and coordinated control system of distributed electric vehicles are complicated with multiple input and output being involved and that information and variables of variety are interconnected, centralized control tends to make the controller structure complex, functions ambiguous and development difficult and lead to difficulty in software maintenance and poor expansion performance. However, hierarchical control provides a more satisfactory solution for the above problem with superior expansion performance, making the control structure clear and conducive to development and maintenance. Therefore, hierarchical control structure was adopted in structure design of the control system in this dissertation. Major functions to be realized: estimation of dynamic state parameter of vehicles according to the current operation information of drivers, feedback information of distributed electric driving wheels, INS information and GPS information; setting of expected longitudinal and lateral control targets by making use of the collected information of vehicle operating state parameters; calculation of allocation value of © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 W. Chu, State Estimation and Coordinated Control for Distributed Electric Vehicles, Springer Theses, DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-48708-2_2 37 38 2 State Estimation and Coordinated Control System


P. M. S. Blackett, Nobel Laureate in Physics for 1948, is a scientist of distinction and outstanding ability. He is therefore capable, as all good scientists should be, of careful and objective reasoning concerning matters that do not impinge too closely upon his faiths and implicit beliefs. Unfortunately, the subject matter of his book, Fear, War, and the Bomb, suggests that Blackett has allowed his pronounced political sympathies to warp his observations and his reasoning. They have apparently led him to suppress large numbers of pertinent facts, to ignore many crucial technical and political possibilities, and to depreciate the honesty and good faith of his government and of ours to an absurd degree.


A river running through an alluvial area does not flow in the channel only; rather, the stream-water has some interaction with riparian groundwater, such as infiltration into an aquifer or exfiltration from the aquifer. Especially in case of the stream flowing with small discharge due to an artificial intake, the interaction between stream and aquifer may be important factor governing the stream condition. Because remarkable decrease of the discharge affects not only hydraulic quantities but also water quality and temperature, it is necessary to keep a minimum stream discharge in order to preserve the river environment. In this paper, toward evaluation of the minimum discharge, relationships between stream and aquifer are investigated through field investigations and hydraulic analyses. According to the observations in the Yasugawa alluvial fan, it is supposed that variation of the stream discharge may be caused by water exchange with the aquifer. The finding from the computed results indicates that this hydraulic model can become a useable tool for quantitative evaluation of the minimum discharge to keep the stream condition suitable.


Reference Abstract OSB (oriented strand boards) are wood based products that substitute plywood boards, usually used as structural elements, especially with part of formwork for reinforced concrete members as beams, slabs and columns. In this context, the stiffness properties are highly important. This study aimed to evaluate, with the aided of three points static bending test, the modulus of elasticity of OSB using recommendations of the European Standard EN 310:1993, combined with an alternative method of calculation based on the least square method. In this case, three displacement values are taking in account to stiffness determination, improving reliability on it. Results of the ANOVA indicated no statistical equivalence between moduli of elasticity obtained by the two methods of calculation. Modulus of elasticity of this technique proved to be 7% lower than the elastic modulus obtained by standard EN 310:1993, revealing be important the use of suggested approach.


In this study, the accuracy of a geographical information system is investigated. The mentioned accuracy is not only the geometric accuracy, but also the thematic accuracy. It is known that the standards for geographical information system are already a popular and topic in both practical and academic world. This study gives an example for the investigation of accuracy. Geometric accuracy can be derived using the errors between the geometric results and the real values. The real values can be calculated precise surveys or taken from maps of larger scale than the scale which is used in the study. This choice depends on the dimensions of the study area and the scale of the study. Thematic accuracy can be derived from differences of individual defined and to database added objects. These differences are the errors of definitions. The originality of accuracy investigation within geographical information system is to decide, how many objects from itself are used for within this investigation. Ideally, all of the objects must be used for this thematic accuracy investigation. But it is nearly impossible to do this investigation with all the objects if a big amount of them are used within a GIS project. This disadvantage forces to used sampling methods. In this study, an accuracy investigation of a MOLAND project for Istanbul has been done. By geometric accuracy investigation, a sampling class size has been defined for all the object types within the project and these samples are chosen from database randomly. Afterwards, the true values are taken from 1:1000 digital maps for referring samples. The errors are calculated and from these errors, a global geometric accuracy values are derived. For the thematic accuracy investigation, sampling class sizes are determined for all different landuse types. This process gives a number of approx. 3000 for sampling class.


. Nowadays more and more often there is a question about the effectiveness of gaming technol-ogies in educational activities. Modern studies show that the game allows the individual to realize their abilities to the maximum. It has a great influence on the development of self-governing mechanisms of the individual and involves a certain level of self-discipline and cognitive activity, influencing the formation of a positive Self-concept. The game also affects the emotional sphere, it introduces the participant to the uni-versal values. In the process of the game evolving and effective sphere of the personality, as the game teaches the relationship in the process of activities promotes the development of will and activity. Among the positive qualities of the educational game is also noted that the game is a mediator between the existing personal and acquired experience. And this contributes to


Methods: In this retrospective comparative case series, 41 eyes of 33 patients were separated into 2 groups. In the first group, an intracameral injection of cefuroxime (1 mg/0.1mL) was administered to 18 eyes, and an intracameral injection of gatifloxacin (0.3 mg/0.1 mL) was administered to 23 eyes in the second group. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), endothelial cell density (CD), endothelial cell coefficient of variation (CV), and central macular thickness (CMT) were evaluated at baseline and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.


Provided are an apparatus, a device, and a processing method for realizing high-frequency communication based on blind area, the method comprising: detecting whether a high-frequency link between a UE and a base station currently serving the UE is interrupted (301); if the high-frequency link between the UE and base station currently serving the UE is determined to be interrupted, transmitting a scanning request message to a to-be-accessed base station that a beam capable of covering a UE location belongs to, so as to enable the to-be-accessed base station to determine whether to scan the UE according to the scanning request message and a current load (302); upon receipt of a scanning confirmation message for confirming scanning UE transmitted by the to-be-accessed base station, transmitting UE information to the to-be-accessed base station feeding scanning confirmation information back, so as to enable the to-be-accessed base station feeding the scanning confirmation information back to quickly scan the UE according to UE information, such that the high-frequency link is re-established between the UE and the to-be-accessed base station (303). The present invention can improve the reliability of the system.


J ILL Matus explores nineteenth-century representations of a wide range of emotional and psychological responses to psychic shock in this wellresearched and fascinating assessment of the cultural formation of trauma. She argues that although literary and cultural critics and scientific historians have all made valuable contributions to our understanding of Victorian theories of consciousness and unconsciousness, there has been no sustained examination of the ways in which Victorians perceived and analysed the effects of extreme psychic shock or emotional crisis. Nor has there been an assessment of how their findings were developed into coherent theories, which, in turn, contributed to the formation of postFreudian and modern concepts of trauma. She draws attention to the contribution literature made to these Victorian debates as part of a common discourse in a society where the boundaries between disciplines were far more porous than they are today, and where psychological terminology was highly dependent on literary techniques such as metaphor and analogy to explain and discuss the workings of the mind. Victorian fiction, therefore, Matus asserts, helped to shape emerging theories of the mind not simply as supplementary illustrations, but as primary cultural documents. Read in this way, in the rich context of Victorian medical and scientific writings, mental physiology and psychology, religion and law, fictional texts provide challenging and complex portrayals of disrupted consciousness, memory and emotion. A short introduction outlines the context and methodology for Matus's research, starting with the Red Room episode in Jane Eyre (1848) and briefly touching on the portrayal of other disrupted minds in Dickens and Gaskell. The literary focus, in which texts from 1850 to 1886 are privileged, is firmly established, together with the ambitious interdisciplinary array of contextual material which Matus uses to challenge what she describes as an unhistoricized and presentist use of trauma theory by most modern critics in their analysis of Victorian literature. The following chapter briefly surveys the current state of trauma theory and the debates which continue to characterize it, and continues with a confident outline of a range of Victorian theories on the Jill Matus, Shock, Memory and the Unconscious in Victorian Fiction, Cambridge University Press, 2009, £55.00 hardback 978 0 5217 6024 9. R E V I E W ................................................................................................ .......


The rising powers of personal computers and software increase the ease with which one can make input-output projections and analyses. Unfortunately, indi vidual Canadian researchers who use Canadian data can only achieve results of questionable accuracy. Of all the countries in the world, Canada is perhaps the on/y one where the central statistical office -in this case Statistics Canada -publishes unbalanced input-output data. The data are unbalanced in the sense that supplY does not equal demand for several commodities and industries. The main reason for lack of balance in published input-output data is the suppression of confidential cell values in the data matrices. Small aggregation, I6-industry tables, do not suffer from this defect. Confidentiality is a concem in the larger, more disaggregated tables, which also are the more useful ones. There are also significant rounding errors in special tabulations prepared by Statistics Canada on request of customers. Values in special aggregations are rounded to millions of dollars so that, in effect, all cells containing less than $500,000 are suppressed by rounding down to zero. Other cells under $10,000,000 also suffer relatively large rounding errors of more than 5 per cent. Lack of balance in the data leads to inaccuracies in projections and other computational results. For many years, the solution was to purchase from Statistics Canada not the data, but the results of computations made by Statistics Canada with its access to complete data. This solution costs time and money that researchers must balance with the inaccuracy of their own, cheaper results.


The invention discloses an air renewing system in an automobile cab. The air renewing system comprises a signal detection module, a control module, an executing module, a solar energy supply module and an energy storage module, wherein the output end of the signal detection module is connected with the input end of the control module, the output end of the control module is connected with the input end of the executing module, the input end of the executing module is connected with the output end of the solar energy supply module, and the output end of the executing module is connected with the input end of the energy storage module. The solar energy is utilized for driving an automobile air conditioner to exchange air inside and outside an automobile under the condition that an automobile anti-theft system is started through monitoring the on-off signals of the anti-theft system, the temperature inside and outside the automobile, the storage battery state signal and the automobile air conditioner air inlet door state, so the air in the automobile is renewed and cooled.


Recent advancement in laser technology has opened the path toward the manipulation of functionalities in quantum materials by intense coherent light. Here, we study three-dimensional (3D) Dirac electrons driven by circularly polarized light (CPL), when the photon energy lies within the Dirac bands. As an experimental realization of this setup, we irradiate a thin film sample of elemental bismuth, which is a well-known semimetal hosting 3D Dirac electrons, with mid-infrared CPL. We successfully observe the emergence of the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) via terahertz Faraday rotation that is both pump-helicity-dependent and instantaneous. We compare our experimental findings with the results of Floquet theory, which is a powerful framework for analyzing the electronic band structure driven by coherent light. The contribution from the band structures near the one-photon resonant positions to the AHE shows a field-strength dependence consistent with our experimental results. The effective Hamiltonian on which we base our model calculations also implies that a pair of "double Weyl points" emerge due to the CPL-induced hybridization between the occupied and unoccupied 3D Dirac bands. Our findings shed light on ultrafast control of material properties in nonlinear topological optics.


The new technology of rocket and missile led nuclear weapon into a new era. Soviet Union deployed the first ICBM and made a challenge to the national security of U.S. in late 1950s. So the debates on "missile gap" and basic national security policy in and out the government lasted for years. John F. Kennedy, the 35th president of U.S., increased U.S. strategic strike forces, especially improved the survivable and aggressive capability of ICBM. His ICBM programs not only influenced his arms control and foreign policy but also shaped the relationship between U.S. and Soviet Union in the cold war period.


The production of complex-shaped all-oxide ceramic matrix composites (Ox-CMC) is somewhat restricted by their current processing methods, as well as by the lack of applicable joining techniques. Thus, we present a new method for joining Ox-CMCs based on the gelation of slurries with the polysaccharide polymer alginate. For this investigation, Nextel 610/alumina-zirconia composites were produced using alginate as binder and aluminum acetate as gelling agent. The joining capabilities of this technique were investigated with microstructural analyses and single-lap compression shear tests. For that, a slurry-containing alginate was used to join two composite plates at different stages of the processing: gel state, dried green body and after sintering. Joining composites plates in their gel or green state was successful as the joints showed shear strength values similar to the interlaminar shear strength of the composites plates. The quality of the joints was attributed to the interactions between the alginate chains of the composite plates and the joint. We also show that even the joining of already sintered Ox-CMCs is feasible. However, densification cracks and lower shear strength are observed for such cases.


To the Editor.— Two letters (242:2844, 1979;241:2783,1979) appearing inThe Journaldiscussed successful neurosurgical intervention for acute subdural hematoma associated with transtentorial herniation. We describe a case in which noninvasive medical measures alone were successfully employed. Report of a Case.— A 33-year-old woman under treatment for metastatic breast cancer had been hospitalized for evaluation of frontal headache and thrombocytopenia (


easements is an example of creating new environmental markets. Incentives include not just government-driven initiatives like tax credits, but also in helping businesses understand the value of a sustainable reputation. A useful fourth section offers lessons from projects that had setbacks. One example is the case of the Virginia Eastern Shore Development Corporation, where the Nature Conservancy struggled to seed viable for-profit businesses with sustainability missions. The cases include American examples and examples of American organizations partnering with local groups to protect international resources. The case studies in Investing in Nature are numerous and varied. They offer a valuable menu of resources for conservationists to pursue. Ginn manages to pack a lot into a short, readable text. Many examples deserve additional treatment, but some—cap-andtrading schemes for carbon pollution, for example— have been more fully developed elsewhere. Some of the most valuable information lies in the inset boxes interspersed in each chapter. Here Ginn provides a kind of annotated contact list of organizations he sees as leading practitioners of particular conservation investment tools. Taken as a whole, they amount to a valuable aggregation of resources. Individually, the short annotations provide the kind of sage insight that comes only with extensive experience. Yet this also points to the book's primary weakness: in some ways it lacks heft and focus. Investing in Nature is a collection of war stories told with fervor and insight. Each case study is a useful example in its own right, but they serve best as an introduction, a teaser. With the exception of the initial cases on conserving forest land, many of the examples could be probed further, with information drawn out of particular cases, analyzed in greater depth, and generalized to a broader discussion of each investment tool. The sharp notes in each box are perhaps more valuable— and more needed—than the author realizes. Despite its clear four-part structure, a greater synthesis is desirable to move Investing in Nature from a collection of case studies to a substantial whole. In part this might be a weakness of an expert professional as author: the reader must come to the material the way the author Ginn has experienced it, a personal journey with the inevitable crooked twists and curious turns that belie linear direction. Investing in Nature is situated at the forefront of an emerging practice, and while it succeeds in staking the metes and bounds of conservation investment, the pathways through this practice are not yet fully developed. Capitalism engages conservation on two levels. First, it is a great harvester of resources, making use out of nature without regard to long-term consequences. Second, it channels the energy of society toward particular ends. The environmentalist community has long been critical of the former, a stance that has often positioned conservation in direct opposition to business. It is a familiar story that Ginn acknowledges at the outset. Ginn seeks to call attention to the latter level, suggesting ways that the forces of capitalism might be harnessed to serve conservation goals. He argues that this harnessing is an imperative, an assertion that is well supported by the tangible accomplishments achieved in these cases. In this way, Investing in Nature operates as a kind of practical gospel. Ginn's professional experiences serve as an engaging backdrop for a moral/ideological call for conservation to partner with business. Given the history of the environmental movement, it is a call worth airing. Ginn orients the reader in a needed direction, and the tools he introduces are backed by the authority of tested experience.


Using differential solar radiation pressure (DSRP) for formation keeping is not new. However, there is no design of a DSRP-based controller for lunar satellite formation keeping, where the C22 sectorial harmonic and third-body effects are large, other than the J2zonal harmonic. This paper develops a DSRP-based controller utilizing mean orbital elements feedback for controlling satellites in a bounded region based on the astrodynamical analysis. It is shown that the most effective way to mitigates the drifts for using SRP is to adjust the semi-major axis. Numerical simulation results illustrate the new DSRP-based controller has the ability to arrest the relative distance drifts for serval years.


The paper investigates the problem of interpretation of the philosophy of culture in the works of Vyacheslav Ivanov and Friedrich Nietzsche. The author constructs a dialogue about the importance of culture, God, the meaning of life and ways of overcoming the crisis of humanism, which refects the opposition between the aspiration to creative freedom through the overthrow of idols and authorities (Nietzsche) and optimistic adoption of a cultural tradition, based on the Christian faith (Ivanov).


The standard ISO 14713-1 shows that HDG coatings should protect steel in the corrosive atmosphere C5 for 10–21 years. It was observed that pitting corrosion appears already after 2–3 years on roads and urban infrastructures and both Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) have shown that lead inclusions were present in all such corroded zinc coatings. The laboratory prepared HDG coatings with different amount of lead inclusions were investigated by gravimetric method (after exposure in salt chamber), SEM with EDS, and Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry (GDOES). The corrosion resistance was analyzed in the polarization tests and local probe techniques. The inclusions could accelerate coating corrosion because lead is cathodic to zinc.


Object To study on the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Iphigenia indica Kunth. Methods Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was applied to detect DNA fingerprints of three populations of I. indicafrom Yunnan Province. Results Twenty primers were screened, and a total of 120 DNA fragments were amplified ranging from 0.2-3 kb, among which 71 (59.17%) were polymorphic. The average number of DNA band produced by each primer was 3.55. The Shannon index was (0.199 4) in Ca population, 0.200 7 in Cb population, 0.254 8 in Cc population, respectively; the average value of populations was 0.218 3. The Shannon index was 0.288 6 in species. Nei's genetic identity was 0.930 9 between Ca and Cb, 0.932 7 between Ca and Cc, 0.946 6 between Cb and Cc. G_(st) within population was (0.204 4.) Conclusion For the establishment of protective tactic and measure, and of the standard of good agriculture practice (GAP) growth and heredity breeding, RAPD analysis provides I. indicawith theoretical foundation and basal data.


The induction of sexual receptivity in the ovariectomized guinea pig by progesterone following proper conditioning by theelin has been recently described by Dempsey et al. (1). These workers regard the elicitation of the copulatory reflex as the essential criterion of estrus, and have adequately described the phenomenon in earlier studies (2). The data here presented indicate the distinct specificity of progesterone as compared to several closely related substances in producing the copulatory reflex in the guinea pig. Seven compounds having the cyclopentenophenanthrene nucleus characteristic of the sex hormones were assayed and found to be entirely without effect. In addition, we have investigated the effectiveness of progesterone at varying dosage levels and have confirmed the observations of Dempsey et al. (1).


Multicasts are a powerful means to implement coordinated operations on distributed data-sets as well as synchronized reductions of multiple computed results. In this paper we present a topology based approach to implement parallel operations on distributed data-sets as multicasts. Multicast groups are described as reusable application-speci c topology classes that coordinate both the spreading of multicast messages and the collection (reduction) of the computed results. Thus global operations are controllable through applications and existing communication topologies as well as synchronization patterns can e ectively be reused.


Robotic soccer simulation game as a perfect platform is a new research domain on Multi-agent System(MAS).Robotic soccer game is a control system with computer vision as feedback.The color blobs design of soccer robot is an important factor that affect the recognition precision of system,real time control and performance of anti-jamming.In this paper,four different designs of color blobs are compared and analyzed.A new arithmetic is designed to recognize the soccer robots and an Ann is used to detect the border of soccer robot.In this paper,the outline of soccer robot is identified to find to which direction the soccer robot is going.A good consequence was achieved in trial.


Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is the primary approach used today for the surgical treatment of chronic sinusitis. The aim of our review is to look at the increasing body of literature highlighting the various anaesthetic techniques that can be employed in the optimisation of surgical conditions and safety of a surgical procedure with significant potential risk.


Reports results of the British Library funded LESSEN (Learning Support for Special Educational Needs) project, undertaken at Loughborough University, Department of Information and Library Studies, from 1994 to 1996. The research project focused on the role of learning support, provided by a variety of means, for Year 7 pupils in 10 UK secondary schools who were on the Special Educational Needs (SEN) register because of learning difficulties. The schools were selected from five Local Educational Authorities to provide a range of geographical and social environments. Aims were: to assess the support needed by pupils with special reference to the National Curriculum; document good practice in meeting those needs, in terms of materials, staffing and strategies; and foster collaboration between subject teachers, learning support staff and librarians in curriculum planning and delivery. Findings identified the factors that make it difficult for some children to access the mainstream curriculum and concern for very able children, who may be constrained by a mainstream curriculum that does not match their ability level. Concludes with a discussion of role of the school library in supporting special needs provision in terms of: library materials; library staff and other resources. Concluded that the key consideration was how the National Curriculum affected SEN children.


Sharing knowledge should not be merely considered as the exchange of information like about stock, request for information about the limits and outputs,etc. But it should be deemed as the perspective for obtaining opportunities in the future. This way, the knowledge itself is not very valuable and what makes it valuable is its sharing. The aim of the present studyis to investigate knowledge sharing on entrepreneurship in Mazandaran sport organizations. The population of the study comprises all the employees of Mazandaran Sports and Youth Organization, all the managers in physical education of the department of education and sports board managers in the province. The results showed that knowledge sharing effects on entrepreneurship.


Currently, the internet has a very big influence on the market which must be supported by delivery services so that it can reach consumers. Through the use of internet technology, using social media as a promotional event will create brand awareness and a good brand image, which in turn are expected to foster company loyalty. This study aims to analyze the effect of social media marketing, brand awareness, and brand image on brand loyalty at J&T Express in Surabaya. The sampling technique used was non probability sampling by means of purposive sampling. The sample used in this study was 150 respondents. The characteristics of respondents in this study were respondents who had made transactions at J&T Express in Surabaya. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is SEM analysis with the LISREL program. The research results prove that Social Media Marketing has a significant influence on Brand Awareness; Social Media Marketing has a significant influence on Brand Image; Brand Awareness has a significant influence on Brand Loyalty; Brand Image has a significant influence on Brand Loyalty; Social Media Marketing has a significant influence on Brand Loyalty. This research is expected make more use of social media marketing as a tools of communication which later will affect awareness, brand image, and loyalty.


Since the introduction of CFC-free flexible foams in 1989, ICI Polyurethanes put significant effort into reducing density, so increasing competitiveness of all-MDI-based foams. This new generation of polyurethane systems not only makes it possible to produce low density flexible foams in large and increasingly complex moulds, but also demonstrates improved physical properties, exceeding the stringent requirements of the industry. CFC -free combustion modified high resilience (CMHR) foams have now also been developed for the furniture industry capable of meeting even the most stringent large scale ignition tests. As comfort properties of mouldings used for seating applications have always been of paramount importance, one area of concentrated effort has been in the development of vibration damping foams. While these foams were developed to meet low resilience requirements, they still maintain all the benefits of traditional MDI cold-cure systems - superior humid ageing and compression set properties, H-point retention and a wide hardness range. The fast inherent reactivity of all-MDI-based cream foams not only allows for more rapid cure and thus shorter cycle times, but has also made it possible to develop systems containing low levels of catalysts - leading to excellent fogging performance in automotive applications. In addition, the new systems, which are suitable for both conventional and foam-in-fabric applications, have been designed with recycling in mind.


Methanol is commonly injected into hydrocarbon fluids to inhibit hydrate formation. Bulk methanol removal from a hydrocarbon fluid often occurs through separators as it is processed. However, a small amount of methanol in a processing plant's feed can often result in high concentrations (greater than 1,000 ppm) in the natural gas liquid (NGL) product. This work evaluates several methods for removing enough methanol in the amine sweetening unit to meet NGL specifications. It also discusses strategies for preventing methanol buildup in the NGL by understanding the phase behavior through the entire plant. A complete model of the operating plant was created and compared to operating data to make impactful decisions for operating the plant. This paper shows that methanol concentrations in the NGL product can be reduced in the amine treating system by increasing the condenser temperature, increasing amine solvent circulation rate, decreasing the lean amine loading, decreasing stripper pressure, and purging some or all of the stripper reflux.


Abstract A new programming technique is derived from Dijkstra's programming methodology by introducing auxiliary variables into a postcondition and an invariant. Such auxiliary variables will serve as termination indicators in a resulting program. It is illustrated that an application of this new programming technique to the searching-and-updating problem yields an efficient and transparent algorithm which does not depend on a specific facility of a programming language. The generality of this new programming technique is further demonstrated by its applicability to other programming problems, such as the linear search of a linked list and the 2-D search of an 2-D array.


Introduction Numerical phantoms are important tools to design, calibrate and evaluate several methods in various image-processing applications, such as echocardiography and mammography. We present a framework for creating ultrasound numerical deformable phantoms based on Finite Element Method (FEM), Linear Isomorphism and Field II. The proposed method considers that the scatterers map is a property of the tissue; therefore, the scatterers should move according to the tissue strain. Methods First, a volume representing the target tissue is loaded. Second, parameter values, such as Young's Modulus, scatterers density, attenuation and scattering amplitudes are inserted for each different regions of the phantom. Then, other parameters related to the ultrasound equipment, such as ultrasound frequency and number of transducer elements, are also defined in order to perform the ultrasound acquisition using Field II. Third, the size and position of the transducer and the pressures that are applied against the tissue are defined. Subsequently, FEM is executed and deformation is computed. Next, 3D linear isomorphism is performed to displace the scatterers according to the deformation. Finally, Field II is carried out to generate the non-deformed and deformed ultrasound data. Results The framework is evaluated by comparing strain values obtained the numerical simulation and from the physical phantom from CIRS. The mean difference between both phantoms is lesser than 10%. Conclusion The acoustic and deformation outcomes are similar to those obtained using a physical phantom. This framework led to a tool, which is available online and free of charges for educational and research purposes.


Biosolids from de-inking processes are increasingly being used in Quebec (Canada) to improve acid soil. The objective of this study is to determine the optimum rates of de-inking paper sludge (DPS) for attaining target soil pH values of 5.2 and 5.5 for potato grown on podzolic soil. Incubation experiment was conducted during 18 weeks with a coarse textured soil (pH 4.8) and increasing rates of CaCO 3 or DPS. Results indicate that the amounts of DPS required varied from 4.0 to 8.2 dry Mg DPS ha -1 for attaining pH 5.2 and from 7.6 to 15.2 dry Mg DPS ha -1 for attaining pH 5.5. The required amount of DPS is proportional to its total CaCO 3 equivalent.


Language in action can be seen in terms of verbal, non-verbal and written media. Therefore, language and communication is very important to any organization as a school management. What defines human's humanity is language which is the vehicle of communication. People, therefore, engage in communication for many reasons and for the purpose of this paper, we shall examine the roles and functions of communication as one of the means of non-violent methods of conflict resolution at school. Language is regarded by experts as the key to the heart of a people. Language and communication, therefore, are very crucial in the management and resolution of conflicts or disputes between the two parties in conflicts. The insights afforded from these reports guided in high performing schools in Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. The researcher explored features of principal's conflict ma nagement style that were evident in high performing schools and required to discover the characteristics of principal's peaceful management ways.72 schools from the total of 358 selected as five by one scale high performing schools were being selected from research area by Random Sampling Method where Principals have selected as the respondents of primary data collection to fill up the Questionnaire and face to face interview. And also, secondary data (Documentary) would be utilized to ensure the primary data as supportive documents for the data analysis. Conclusions As important as language and communication are in conflicts and conflict resolutions, they are not properly focused in the works of many writers and researchers. This paper, therefore, identifies communication as a significant means of resolving conflicts at organization. Other non-violent methods of management and resolution of conflicts where the use of language and communication are crucial and significantly inevitable include negotiation, dialogue, mediation, adjudication, arbitration as well as the use of the mass media. It is the opinion of this paper that the roles and functions of language and communication should be more focused, analyzed and utilized in order to find out the root causes, management, effects and resolutions of conflicts in the school administration.


A comparison is made between traditional quantum chemical approaches to the electron correlation problem and the one taken in density functional theory (DFT). Well-known concepts of DFT, such as the exchange−correlation energy Exc = ∫ρ(r) exc(r) dr and the exchange−correlation potential vxc(r) are related to electron correlation as described in terms of density matrices and the conditional amplitude (Fermi and Coulomb holes). The Kohn−Sham one-electron or orbital model of DFT is contrasted with Hartree−Fock, and the definitions of exchange and correlation in DFT are compared with the traditional ones. The exchange−correlation energy density exc(r) is decomposed into kinetic and electron−electron potential energy components, and a practical way of calculating these from accurate wave functions is discussed, which offers a route to systematic improvement. vxc(r) is likewise decomposed, and special features (bond midpoint peak, various types of step behavior) are identified and related to electronic correlation.


Smart home manufacturers widely produce Wireless Lamp Socket and Power Plug devices, which offer various features ranging from basic on/off control to more complex functionalities such as monitoring energy consumption, power losses, and harmonics. However, these devices tend to be expensive, as indicated by market surveys. To address this issue, the current study aimed to develop low-cost wireless control nodes for smart homes that operate using relays. The two nodes consisted of lamp socket and power plug built with lowcost electronic components, including a Wi-Fi built-in Microcontroller ESP8266 (Wemos D1 mini model) as the backbone to create ESP-Mesh wireless network and to provide control ports for high/low logic, a relay module, an AC-to-DC converter module, and terminals (E27 screw for lamp socket node and C-type plug for the power plug node). This paper primarily focuses on the hardware aspects. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the nodes, the following tests are conducted: (1) product demonstration to assess the product functions, (2) power measurement in idle and active conditions, (3) ESP-Mesh connection testing, and (4) RSSI measurement. Functional testing is done using a smartphone with the UPISmartHome version 2.0 Android application, which successfully controlled the nodes wirelessly. In idle conditions, power plug and lamp socket nodes consume 426.36 mWatt and 418.275 mWatt of power, respectively. Further, in active conditions, power plug and lamp socket nodes consume 435.704 mWatt and 440.583 mWatt of power, respectively. RSSI testing results show that both nodes can be controlled within an optimal range of 60 meters (with reference to RSSI below –85 dBm) without the Internet, utilizing the ESP-Mesh feature of ESP8266. This range is deemed reasonable for smart homes of 21, 36, or 45 square meters. Both nodes could be controlled under the ESP-Mesh network that gets build. We also present the comparison with other products of competitors in this paper.


We report the electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of a tin titanium trisulfide, Sn1.2Ti0.8S3. The crystal structure is composed of infinite "ribbons" of double edge-sharing (Sn4+/Ti4+)S6 octahedra capped by Sn2+. First-principles calculations predict a nearly unidirectional transport of electrons along the ribbon axis for a single crystal and the existence of lone-pair electrons on Sn2+. Experiments on polycrystalline pressed samples demonstrate that Sn1.2Ti0.8S3 exhibits semiconducting temperature dependence of electrical resistivity and a large negative Seebeck coefficient at room temperature. Substitution of Nb5+ for Sn4+ at the octahedral sites increases the electron carrier concentration, leading to an enhancement of the thermoelectric power factor. Anisotropy in the electronic properties is weak because of a weak orientation of the ribbon axis of crystallites in the pressed sample. The lattice thermal conductivity is less than 1 W K−1 m−1 for the pristine and substituted samples, whic...


Page and Wootters' mechanism of "static" time is experimentally realized using a static, entangled state of the polarization of two photons, one of which serves as a clock to gauge the evolution of the second.


Meso-predators are often greatly interlinked within their food webs. They are often omnivorous, consuming a broader array of prey items than do larger predators. Meso-carnivores can play the role of apex predator by inhibiting competitors and controlling prey populations especially in systems where large-bodied primary consumers are limited. This note presents the first photographic evidence of yellow-throated marten from Nizampur National Park (NNP), Nowshera district Khyber Pkahtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan. The presence of this species indicated that this ecosystem has rich biodiversity, providing plenty of resources for the survival of yellow-throated marten. However, keeping in view the diet ecology of yellow-throated marten we assume that it may have some negative impacts on the ongoing ungulates captive breeding programs with in the park. Therefore, detailed studies are needed to be carried out to investigate the population trend and habitat ranges of this species in the park and adjacent areas.


Objective: Behcet's Disease (BD) is a syndrome with auto-inflammatory non-granulomatous chronic vasculitis characterized by multi-systemic involvements including as mucocutaneous, urogenital, ocular, vascular, articular, gastrointestinal, pulmonary and neurologic. Several studies report the presence of insulin resistance in BD but incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in this chronic inflammatory state is not clear yet. In this study, we aimed to assess the frequency of MetS and NAFLD in BD as accelerators of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications. Material and Method: Total 115 consecutive BD patients (male/female: 48/67) diagnosed according to International Study Group for Behcet's Disease criteria and 65 healthy controls were analyzed in this observational case-control study. MetS was diagnosed by International Diabetes Federation definition (IDF), NAFLD by ultrasonographic scoring and body and visceral fat ratio by bioelectric impedance. Results: The difference between metabolic parameters of BD and controls were: MetS (53.9% vs 27.5%, p<0.01), NAFLD frequency (47.8% vs 18.4%, p<0.01), HOMA-IR index (2.2±1.4 vs 1.1±0.3, p<0.01), IR (32.2% vs 12.3%, p<0.05), body fat ratio (35.4±9.0% vs 29.8±10.3%, p<0.05) and visceral fat ratio (11.1±4.6% vs 9.8±3.4, p>0.05), respectively. Homocysteine and lipoprotein-a averages in patients vs controls, males vs females and presence of insulin resistance, MetS and NAFLD were not significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusion: BD had significantly higher ratio of MetS, NAFLD and insulin resistance compared to controls. Thus, it can be concluded that cardiovascular and steatosis related risk factors should be taken into account in BD patients.


AIM: To evaluate the effects of compound salivia miltorrhiza injection on an experimental model of kidney thrombus induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS).METHODS: The model of microvascular thrombosis in the rabbits' kidney was performed by the method of Hermida,which was induced by infusing LPS.Treatments were begun simultaneously with LPS infusion,through the contralateral marginal ear vein.Six different groups were established: NS 10(ml·h~(-1)) was infused as the negative control group,compound salivia miltorrhiza injection was infused with the dosage of(0.1)(Low-dose),(0.2)(medium-dose),and 0.4(high-dose)(ml·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)),heparin 600,000(IU·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)) as positive control group.The further rabbits, which were given neither LPS nor compound salivia miltorrhiza injection,were infused with saline solution through both marginal ear veins.The measurement of fibrinogen concentrations and platelet counts were used to assess the degradation of microvascular thrombosis.Kinney sections were examined for the presence of fibrin microthrombi.RESULTS: Compound salivia miltorrhiza injection was infused with the dosage of(0.1)(Low-dose),(0.2)(medium-dose),and(0.4)(high-dose)(ml·kg~(-1)·h~(-1)),and the fibrinogen concentrations and blood platelet counts were improved,and the fibrin deposition was degraded.CONCLUSION: Compound salivia miltorrhiza injection can inhibit effectively LPS-induced renal microvascular thrombosis.


1. Weber and Marginal Utility Theory: The Austrian Connection 2. Sociological and Economic Investigations of Economic Action: The Critique of Menger 3. Weber and the Sociology of Economic Action: The Critique of Central Planning 4. Rationality and Economic Action: A Sociological Perspective 5. Situating Rationality: Planning and Rational Choice Theory 6. The Significance of a Monetary Economy: Weber and Habermas 7. The Debate on Central Planning: Weber, Mises and After


As the critical parameter of hydraulic fracture evaluation, fracture density is significant for fracturing model optimization and production prediction. To compensate for the low response sensitivity of fracture density and the saturation of fracture evaluation in nonradioactive technology (NRT), we have developed a method based on modifying the neutron self-shielding effect to quantitatively calculate fracture density. The gamma counts of elements with content that did not change before and after fracturing were used to calculate the self-shielding correction factor. We established the mathematical relationship between the corrected gamma counts of boron and fracture density to achieve a quantitative calculation of fracture density. Compared to NRT, the new method used measured energy spectral information to eliminate the effect of neutron self-shielding on fracture density and improve calculation accuracy. Meanwhile, the scope or range of accurate fracture density estimation extended from the original 4% to more than 10%. Moreover, we further examined fracture response under different formations and borehole conditions using the Monte Carlo N-particle transport code. The salinity of formation water and borehole water had the most significant impact on fracture density calculation, shale content and porosity, lithology, and fluid type of formation; in contrast, borehole parameters were the least significant. Finally, in this paper, we illustrated the feasibility of the method through a continuous-depth numerical calculation.


textabstractThe euro area crisis threatens the future of European integration, but instead of challenging the
power of the financial institutions which are driving the crisis, the European authorities have imposed
austerity programmes on Greece and other peripheral euro area countries, and developed
centralised policies for imposing highly restrictive fiscal discipline on all member states which risk
undermining the democratic legitimacy of the European Union (EU).


Reconfiguring Chinese NationalismModern China's Ethnic FrontiersA History of ChinaLabrang MonasteryMissionary Primitivism and Chinese ModernityRevealing/Reveiling ShanghaiNation and EthnicityChinese SocietyGlobal PoliticsAfter EmpireChinaChina's Route HeritageThe Routledge Handbook of Identity and the Environment in the Classical and Medieval WorldsComing to Terms with the NationHistorical Dictionary of Modern China (1800-1949)The People's Republic of China at 60Revolution, State Succession, International Treaties and the Diaoyu/Diaoyutai IslandsWorld Yearbook of Education 2022The Silk RoadChina's Encounters on the South and SouthwestOverseas Chinese, Ethnic Minorities and NationalismChina Reconnects: Joining A Deep-rooted Past To A New World OrderEthnic Policy in ChinaFamine Politics in Maoist China and the Soviet UnionNarrating Southern Chinese Minority NationalitiesChinese National Identity in the Age of GlobalisationChina's Digital NationalismChinese History in Geographical PerspectiveInterpreting China as a Regional and Global PowerThe SAGE Handbook of Contemporary ChinaReconfiguring Class, Gender, Ethnicity and Ethics in Chinese Internet CultureShadow StatesStaging the WorldXinjiang and the Modern Chinese StateCentral AsiaExplorers and Scientists in China's Borderlands, 1880-1950Dialect and Nationalism in China, 1860–1960China and the WorldThe Invention of ChinaCulture, Music Education, and the Chinese Dream in Mainland China


The invention relates to a chemical reactor comprising a plurality of heat exchange plates (1) defining therebetween reaction compartments (3), wherein each heat exchanger plate (1) has two walls (2a, 2b) defining them at least one heat exchange space (4), the walls (2a, 2b) being respectively secured together by junction areas (5), and the reactor also comprises at least one injection of substance (6 ) in the reaction chambers (3), said substance injection device (6) passing through the heat exchange plates (1) in junction areas (5) respective thereof. The invention also relates to a chemical reaction process that may be implemented in this reactor.


Abstract : A pressing challenge faces society today: the need to guide the evolution of social values. Not only does society have an obligation to reflect changing social values but it also has a responsibility to attempt to shape emerging values. Clearly, if the leaders of a society do not accept this challenge, then who will? The shaping of values, to include the complex question of what these values should be, is a profoundly difficult issue to address. Yet it is precisely this issue which calls into question the multitude of ethical responsibilities facing a society's institutions. An examination of these responsibilities is no easy task, particularly in an era of individualism when 'do your own thing' is an increasingly acceptable egoistic pursuit. Nevertheless, the need to explore the ethical challenges facing organizations is indeed imminent if leaders are to consider seriously the responsibilities facing them. This monograph is intended to present a conceptual framework within which leaders can begin to explore the issues of ethical responsibilities and values development.


Customs is the country's gateway,an international administrative body.It directly controls the foreign trade.And it affects the economic development and foreign economic relationships.The tariff is an important source of financial income and an integral part of country.After the invasion in the northeast,Japanese imperialism was anxious to seize Shanhaiguan.And then they can win the rich resources of the northeast and serve the growing war of aggression.As a result,the economy in the Northeast became a totally colonial economy.


In order to improve the company's production efficiency, in response to the call of the country to accelerate the industrial automation, the company's developers have independently developed a painting line parametric automatic programming system based on ABB robot using C++ language, the automatic spraying of the main beams of the crane is realized. The automatic programming system can only spray the main beam of the end beam without end. The end beams obstacle avoidance program is optimized based on the automatic programming system, which aims to control the robot to avoid the end beam of the main beam, so that the system can spray the main beam of the crane with the end beam normally.


Forewords W.Isard & R.E.Kuenne Preface M.L.Lahr & E.Dietzenbacher Introduction E.Dietzenbacher & M.L.Lahr FRONTIERS Interindustry Linkages: The Flow Network of a Physical Input-Output Tables (PIOT): Theory and Application for Germany G.Strassert Feedback Effects in Interregional Input-Output Models: What Have We Learned? J.I.Round Feedbacks in Input-Output Systems: Impacts, Loops and Hierarchies M.Sonis & G.J.D.Hewings Changes in the Structure of the Washington State Economy: 1963-1987, An Investigation of the Patterns of Inputs and the Mix of Outputs W.B.Beyers An Intercountry Decomposition of Output Growth in EC Countries E.Dietzenbacher Interaction Terms and Structural Decomposition: An Application to the Defense Cost of Oil S.D.Casler Interregional Trade, the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek Theorem, and Leontief's Paradox S.He & K.Polenske Perfect Aggregation of Industries in Input-Output Models J.A.Olsen Export Base Theory and Input-Output Systems: Some Formal Results A.Guccoine & W.J.Gillen A Strategy for Producing Hybrid Regional Input-Output Tables M.L.Lahr EXTENSIONS Structural Development of Germany, Japan and US, 1980-1990: A Qualitative Analysis Using MFA (Minimal Flow Analysis) H.Schnabl On Boolean Topological Methods of Analysis L.de Mesnard The Question of Finding Industrial Clusters Revisited: A Qualitative Perspective F.Aroche-Reyes Influence Graphs Theory Applied to Structural Analysis R.Lantner Structural Change and Fundamental Economic Structure: The Case of Australia G.R.West Comparative Stability Analysis of Demand-Side and Supply-Side Input-Output Models: Toward an Index of Economic 'Maturity' R.Bon The Input-Output Structural Decomposition Analysis of 'Flexible' Production Systems C.Milana Low Productivity Regions, Wage Differentiation and Unemployment: Some Neglected Feedbacks G.Cella The Spatial Decomposition of a Bi-regional Extended Input-Output Model J.H.Dewhurst & M.Madden The Puget Sound Forecasting Model: A Structural Time-Series Analysis Model of Ron Miller's Hometown R.S.Conway Jr. Evaluating the Regional Impact of the Formation of the European Monetary Union: Econometric vs. Input-Output and CGE Frameworks F.Mazzola Income Distribution Effects of Government Transfers: Sensitivity to Closure Rules in Input-Output and Computable General Equilibrium Approaches A.Z.Rose, K.Hanson & P.C.Li Index


Turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) is a very important quantity for turbulence modeling and the budget of this quantity in its transport equation can provide insight into the flow physics. Turbulence kinetic energy budget measurements were conducted for a symmetric turbulent wake flow subjected to constant zero, favorable and adverse pressure gradients in year-three of research effort. The purpose of this study is to clarify the flow physics issues underlying the demonstrated influence of pressure gradient on wake development and provide experimental support for turbulence modeling. To ensure the reliability of these notoriously difficult measurements, the experimental procedure was carefully designed on the basis of an uncertainty analysis. Four different approaches, based on an isotropic turbulence assumption, a locally axisymmetric homogeneous turbulence assumption, a semi-isotropy assumption and a forced balance of the TKE equation, were applied for the estimate of the dissipation term. The pressure transport term is obtained from a forced balance of the turbulence kinetic energy equation. This report will present the results of the turbulence kinetic energy budget measurement and discuss their implication on the development of strained turbulent wakes.


This article examines the differentiation and change in the shared eating practices of parents and their adult children, linking theories of sacrifice with empirical research. Drawing on 26 qualitative, in-depth dyadic interviews, the authors analyse the transformation of expectations sensed by the parents before and after their adult children leave home. While the article confirms the significance of meals for family relationships, it further develops the findings in transition to the empty nest phase of family life. First, it examines the understanding of different aspects and distribution of everyday sacrificing in an intergenerational family, as well as the dynamics introduced by the life course transition connected with adult children moving out. Second, it analyses how this transition carries in consequence a transformation in the food-related practices of the parents of adult children, who tend to pay less attention to the quality, variety, and regularity of their dinners once their children have moved out. Third, it explores children's visits to their family home that can trigger or modify old self-sacrifice patterns. Finally, it demonstrates the perceived gains or losses resulting from parents' long-term sacrifices connected with feeding their children.


Escherichia coli is a common cause of community-onset (CO) infections, including urinary tract and abdominal infections, and CO sepsis. Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are used in the empiric treatment of E. coli infections, but FQ-resistance may limit their effectiveness. We examined trends and regional differences in FQ-resistant E. coli clinical cultures among hospitalized adult patients in the U.S.

 We measured the incidence of E. coli clinical cultures among hospitalized adults in a cohort of hospitals in the Premier Healthcare Database and Cerner Health Facts from 2012 through 2017. FQ resistance was defined as resistance to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, or moxifloxacin. Only cultures collected prior to day 4 of hospitalization, defined as CO, were considered. We extrapolated national estimates using a raking procedure to generate weighted adjustments matching the American Hospital Association distribution for U.S. acute care hospitals. Weights were based on U.S. census division, bed size category, teaching status, and urban/rural designation. We used a weighted means survey procedure to calculate national estimates and weighted multivariable logistic regression to examine trends and regional differences.

 In 2017, we estimated 949,393 CO E. coli infections with FQ susceptibility testing; 312,304 (33%) were due to E. coli resistant to FQ. Of FQ-resistant E. coli isolates, 76% were isolated from urine. We did not observe a significant trend in FQ-resistant E. coli from 2012 to 2017 (p = 0.85). Percent FQ-resistant varied significantly by region (p < 0.0001) with an estimated range of 19% (Mountain) to 42% (Southeast Central) in 2017. We also found variability by hospital (2017 Q1: 26% and Q3: 39%). FQ-resistance rates were higher in urine (36%: 95% CI 34-38%) than blood isolates (27%: 95% CI 26-29%) and higher for males (40%: 95% CI 38-42%) than females (33%: 95% CI 31-35%).

 FQ-resistance is common in CO E. coli infections with significant variability by region and hospital. Empiric FQ treatment for infectious syndromes commonly caused by E. coli may need to be reconsidered. Clinicians should consult with local antibiograms and antibiotic stewardship programs to determine the most appropriate empiric treatment of E. coli infections in hospitalized adults.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures


Some characters of electronic commerce do have brought great strike to the current taxation system: such as the strike of taxation principle between the electronic commerce taxation and its collection management;the difficulty of verifying the basic links of this management;and the current collection management mode can not be adaptive with the electronic commerce,etc.In this paper,the author then presents five trains of thought to improve the collection management of electronic commerce.


Control systems reliability depends upon each module's reliability and the configuration of the modules within the system. In this respect a module must be considered as an assembly of interconnected components which constitutes an identifiable itenl, device, instrument or piece of equipment. Reliability (R) can be more formally defined as the probability that a module will perform a required function under stated conditions for a stated period of tinle. Both definitions are from SAMA Standard PMC 321/1976. A failure is a determination of the ability of a module to perform its required function. A failure is an event. Day in and day out normal operation is taken for granted. Logically, then, the reliability performance is more easily measured by noting a failure occurrence rather than by logging hour after hour of uneventful operation.


The crystal structure of two tubular zeolite Na−LTA membranes—one as-prepared membrane and a membrane used in vapor permeation (VP) processes of bioethanol—was analyzed using Rietveld refinement with parallel-beam powder X-ray diffraction data. The crystal structure of the as-prepared membrane was consistent with that of typical Na−LTA powder. After the VP process, an unusual relative peak intensity ratio between 200 and 220 reflections was observed in the membrane. The number of adsorbed water molecules in the β-cage was reduced to half. Furthermore, detachment of sodium cations at the six-membered rings was confirmed. The electron density distributions of these Na−LTA zeolite membranes were analyzed by combining the Rietveld method and the maximum entropy method (MEM). MEM electron density images revealed that the adsorbed water molecules and Na+ cations were bonded, forming a hydrated cluster, and that the guest atoms or molecules were highly disordered.


Auto-stereoscopic displays unlike stereoscopic systems provide a seamless 3D experience without any viewing aid like head gear or shutter glasses. These display systems can be broadly classified into three categories: Spatial Multiplex, Multi-Projector and Time Multiplexing. We have focused our research on spatial multiplex based 3D display technology. The paper explains two such display systems, namely Parallax barrier and Lenticular Lenlets. We are investigating the different approaches for multi-view auto-stereoscopic rendering and their implementation issues. It also presents a detailed study of performance issues in various approaches. The implementation is done in C++ using OpenGL graphics library.


Alayne Adams and colleagues propose a framework that emphasises actions on urban health governance and the social determinants of health to achieve universal health coverage in South Asian cities


In his brief survey of Suffolk politics during the Great Rebellion, Alan Everitt remarked that the really distinctive feature of the county at that time was the lack of middle ground: a county "establishment" of strongly Presbyterian tendencies confronted agroup of Royalists among whom almost half the victims of parliamentary sequestration were Catholic recusants.' The credit for the hundred years' development of this structure of county community and shadow county community, from the clientage patterns and religious confusion of the mid-Tudor decades, can be divided quite fairly between seminary priest and hew presbyter. Any examination of a developing CathoUc consciousness among the Suffolk gentry provides a mirror-image of a discussion of the gentry's Puritanism or radical Protestantism,^ and it is difficult to separate out the stories of the opposing creeds. Through the first decade of Elizabeth's reign the county communities of Norfolk and Suffolk remained very much under the shadow of Thomas Howard, fourth Duke of Norfolk. In Norfolk his power seems to have been supreme, his authority unquestioned: he was the major influence on appointments to the justices' Bench and in parliamentary elections in both shire and boroughs.^ In Suffolk the Duke's power was not so complete, but he could still use his influence at Court to sway the choice of justices and to back a group of gentry who were mainly conservative in their religious outlook; his Suffolk clientage seems to have engaged in a discreet power-straggle with the gentlemen of more thorough-going Protestant conviction which resulted in a decade of divided leadership in the county.·^ The Duke's formidable power was of considerable significance in retarding the work of godly reformation in the Diocese of Nor-


BACKGROUND: Although exercise is recommended for knee osteoarthritis, to the best of our knowledge there have been no studies comparing isometric and isokinetic exercise in relation to the degree of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of isokinetic and isometric exercise programs in terms of pain, physical function and muscle strength in relation to the severity of knee osteoarthritis. METHOD: A total of 73 females, aged 50–65 years with bilateral Grade II (n = 36) and Grade III (n = 37) knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to an isokinetic [Grade II (n = 19), Grade III (n = 18)], or isometric exercise group [Grade II (n = 17), Grade III (n = 19)]. The isokinetic groups underwent a concentric strengthening program at 90 ◦ /s and 120 ◦ /s once per day, and the isometric groups underwent an isometric strengthening program at 3 times per day for 15 days. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, ultrasound and hot packs were applied for all groups. The primary outcome measure was pain evaluated by visual analogue scale and secondary outcome measures of Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, sitstand, standing-up from a chair and 15-m walking, ascend/descend stairs, and concentric flexor and extensor peak torque at 90, 120, 180 and 300 ◦ /s were measured in all patients before and after 15 days of treatment. RESULTS: A significant difference was determined between the isokinetic grade III group and the isometric grade III group adjusted to baseline values at 15 days post-treatment in respect of flexion peak torque value at 120 ◦ /s.The change in the peak torque value in the isokinetic grade III group was greater than that of the the isometric grade III group (108%, 59%, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found between the groups in the other outcome measures and isokinetic peak torque values at different velocities. CONCLUSION: The concentric flexion torque at 120 ◦ /s improved more in the isokinetic grade III group than in the isometric grade III group.


This volume is part of the series Human Brain Function: Assessment and Rehabilitation and aims to present information regarding how brain function is assessed with neuropsychological instruments. In general, this text is designed to cover assessment from the perspective of both behavioral neurologists and neuropsychologists. The book is divided into three sections: "Developmental Considerations," "Clinical Considerations," and "Specialized Assessment."


Substance P (SP) enhances antigen-dependent T cell IFN-γ production. It was determined if a T cell neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R) was critical for IFN-γ regulation. T cells from schistosome-infected...


1. Alstrup T, Eijken M, Brunbjerg ME, Hammer-Hansen N, Møller BK, Damsgaard TE. Measured level of human adipose tissue–derived stem cells in adipose tissue is strongly dependent on harvesting method and stem cell isolation technique. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2020;145:142–150. 2. Iyyanki T, Hubenak J, Liu J, Chang EI, Beahm EK, Zhang Q. Harvesting technique affects adipose-derived stem cell yield. Aesthet Surg J. 2015;35:467–476. 3. Oedayrajsingh-Varma MJ, van Ham SM, Knippenberg M, et al. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell yield and growth characteristics are affected by the tissue-harvesting procedure. Cytotherapy 2006;8:166–177. 4. Raajendiran A, Ooi G, Bayliss J, et al. Identification of metabolically distinct adipocyte progenitor cells in human adipose tissues. Cell Rep. 2019;27:1528–1540.e7.


Dr F. W. Edwards has kindly submitted to me the specimens of Streblidae collected by him in March 1935, during his entomological expedition to East Africa, in the caves near Kapretwa, at 6500 ft., on Mt Elgon, Kenya. To this material he added the specimens collected by Dr G. H. E. Hopkins, in the same locality, and asked me to write a short report.


The inherent frequency and vibration mode of a flat plate structure in the four working-stations aluminum heating plate automatic casting system were studied by modal analysis technology.The former-ten-steps inherent frequency and vibration modes of the structure were calculated by ANSYS 8.0 finite element software.On the basis of the engineering practical application,the former-three-steps inherent frequency and vibration modes were especially analyzed,and the values were 211.78,214.86,225.12 Hz respectively.The conclusion shows that the bending-deflection of rotating flat plate is serious if the quality of casting working-station is heavy,and the maximum deflection appears in the rim of the flat plate.It is harmful to the structure,such as decreasing the safety and lifetime or increasing the difficulties of casting and dismounting products by robot.It is sure that the following measures can be used to increase the flat plate stiffness,such as decreasing the flat plate diameter,retrofitting support device under the rim of flat plate and lightening the casting working-station quality.


Xaslantest is the X-based graphical user interface version of Aslantest, which is a symbolic execution tool for the formal specification language Aslan. Aslan is a state-based specification language built on first-order predicate calculus with equality. Aslantest animates Aslan specifications and enables users to interactively run specific test cases or symbolically execute the specification. This document is the user''s manual for the Xaslantest system, outlining its features and commands.


This report analyzes the performance of a passive alcohol sensor included in the head unit of the data acquisition system used in the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2) Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS). Driver impairment is a critical issue in traffic safety, and the ability to identify alcohol-impaired drivers would be valuable for users of the NDS data. The sensor responds to the presence of alcohol in the cabin air. A positive sensor reading can come from many sources: alcohol from the breath of a driver or other occupant, an open container of an alcoholic beverage, aftershave lotion or perfume, windshield wiper fluid, and even some fast food. On the other hand, open windows may dissipate alcohol from an impaired driver's breath before it reaches the sensor. Thus, the sensor can produce a positive reading when the driver is sober and can produce a negative reading for an alcohol-positive driver. The objective of this report is to evaluate the sensor performance under several scenarios with known driver alcohol levels and to investigate the feasibility of developing an algorithm to identify potentially alcohol-impaired drivers based on the sensor output.


On an oblique section, the line connecting the points of maximum curvature of the bounding surfaces of folded layers may not coincide with the trace of the actual axial surface. Methods have been suggested for construction of the true axial trace on an oblique section.


Query processing in mobile database systems is a special challenge because we have to consider the limited resources of mobile systems as well as the changing location of mobile users. In this paper, we concentrate on the optimisation of queries including location information. We present a cost model for query optimisation incorporating mobility specific factors like energy and connectivity. Furthermore, we examine different localisation strategies for mobile users. This innovative connection of both factors is studied using two typical classes of queries. Using a newly developed simulation model, we describe that no single localisation strategy performs acceptable under every condition. We therefore identify the critical factors for adapting a query processing subsystem to the employed location management strategy. 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n The development of wireless communication systems and lightweight computers has led to the availability of a research area called mobile computing. The subject of research is the effect of mobility on systems, users, data and computing. In the area of database systems, mobility offers access to information anywhere and anytime. In order to access information, we have to consider the query processing in mobile database systems as one major task. Queries in mobile systems are different from stationary systems. There, location awareness adds power to the mobile user but also adds complexity to the query processPermission to make digital/hard copy of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without l~e provided that copies are not made or distributed lbr profit or commercial advantage, the copyright notice, the title of the publication and its date appear, and notice is given that copying is by permission of ACM. Inc. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. ,: 1q98 ACM 0-89791-969-6/98/0002 3.50 ing. Examples of location aware queries in mobile database systems are traffic information systems that give the user information with respect to his current location ("where is the next pub serving Becks beer") or queries retrieving data from mobile users whose location needs to be looked up. Apart from this new kind of queries, mobile systems pose even more new requirements on the query processing subsystem of a mobile database because of the limited resources available on typical mobile computers. Therefore, query subsystems of mobile databases have to be modified compared to stationary query processors [4]. Additionally, location information about mobile users must be categorised as only temporarily valid since mobile users may move and data on their actual location has to be updated in order to address them properly. The location management component is responsible for the storage of current location information. Ad hoc queries that use location information about mobile users have to access the location management component. Depending on the used localisation strategy, we have different costs associated with processing this kind of query. Therefore, an optimal query processing subsystem of a mobile database has to take the strategy used by the location management component into account for answering queries. In this paper, we present a new approach to the integration of these two components. We pay special attention to the usage of fuzzy information as provided by many real-world location management components. Starting by an introduction to existing location management and mobile query processing strategies in the next section, we afterwards present a new abstract model for representing mobile systems and location management components. In section four, we discuss our approach to location aware query optimisation in mobile database systems. For this, we have developed a mobility aware cost model for processing location dependent queries. To validate the model,


Abstract. Within the Cultural Heritage documentation field, this contribution illustrates the adopted methods for the first digital documentation of the Basilica of Santa Maria in Trastevere in Rome.The research activity carried out included the survey of this historic building as well as direct and indirect research connected with its transformations. The tested workflow illustrates the relevance of the activities carried out in terms of knowledge implementation, conservation, monitoring, and dissemination of tangible and intangible aspects of this layered religious architecture.


Several families of complex-valued, univalent, harmonic functions are studied from the point of view of geometric function theory. One class consists of mappings of a simply-connected domain onto an infinite horizontal strip with a normalization at the origin. Extreme points and support points are determined, as well as sharp estimates for Fourier coefficients and distortion theorems. Next, mappings in Izi > 1 are considered that leave infinity fixed. Some coefficient estimates, distortion theorems, and covering properties are obtained. For such mappings with real boundary values, many extremal problems are solved explicitly.


Approaches to establish a generalized procedure for designing energy conversion devices have been reviewed with respect to the equilibrium PCTand kinetic properties, heat transfer characteristics of hydride beds, and dynamic behavior of hydrogen in a paired metal hydride system. A method for optimizing the dynamic performance of a metal hydride system has been briefly discussed in connection with the estimating procedures of the equilibrium PCT and kinetic properties, effective thermal conductivity, over-all heat transfer coefficient, and also the dynamic behavior of the dehydriding/hydriding reactions. Hydrogen mass transferred in a paired dehydriding/hydriding reaction system and its rates are basically the key components of a given system in view of its efficiency and economy.


Mei(Prunus mume) flower,originating in Tibet,the Yangtze River watershed and Taiwan Province,is one of the major ornamental flowering plants in late winter and early spring of China.The introduction of mei from southern areas to northern parts,acclimation of its hardiness,large-scale cultivation and breeding,and applications in landscaping all help to develop culture in mei and promote tourism and even the election of the national flower in China.


In previous studies, radiotherapy has an effect on the number and function of lymphocytes. In recent years, with the advent of CART cell therapy, the PFS and OS of relapsed and refractory highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma have been significantly improved. Whether previous radiotherapy is effective for CART cell therapy The impact is inconclusive. Aims: Aims: To investigate the influence of the radiotherapy history before CART cell therapy on the culture, expansion and treatment effect of CART cells in patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma. Methods: Methods: A retrospective study from December 2018 to September 2021 in adult patients with aggressive B-cell lymphoma treated with CART cells at our center who underwent radiotherapy before lymphocyte collection. The patient's previous radiotherapy dose, radiotherapy distance from lymphocyte collection time, peripheral blood lymphocyte count before lymphocyte collection, CART cell culture dose, reinfusion dose, and curative effect statistics of 3 months after CART cell reinfusion were counted. Statistical methods such as logistic regression and spearman correlation analysis were used for analysis. Results: Results: 16 a These included 2 Burkitt 26 B-cell lymphoma, 5 primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma, and 1 primary central lymphoma. lymphocyte


""Man who fell from heaven"" near Old Metlakatla Found on an outcrop in the Metlakatla pass. It is said that when initiates appeared from a period of isolation after initiation, they were found lying in the impresssion.


In this paper, a sapphire-derived fiber (SDF) with a core diameter of 10 μm and a cladding diameter of 125 μm is fabricated by the melt-in-tube method, and fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with reflectivity over 80% are prepared by the femtosecond laser point-by-point direct writing method. By analyzing the refractive index distribution and reflection spectral characteristics of the SDF, it can be seen that the SDF is a graded refractive index few-mode fiber. In order to study the element composition of the SDF core, the end-face element distribution of the SDF is analyzed, which indicates that element diffusion occurred between the core and the cladding materials. The temperature and stress of the SDF gratings are measured and the highest temperature is tested to 1000 °C. The temperature and strain sensitivities are 15.64 pm/°C and 1.33 pm/με, respectively, which are higher than the temperature sensitivity of the quartz single-mode fiber. As a kind of special fiber, the SDF expands the application range of sapphire fiber, and has important applications in the fields of high-temperature sensing and high-power lasers.


Power quality (PQ) is a vital issue in the present power systems integrated with large renewable energy sources since more power electronics devices are incorporated in the system. This article proposes a novel method for assessing PQ associated with wind energy integration. This method is effective to recognize PQ issues in power systems with high penetration of wind energy with a low computational burden. Furthermore, it detects different operational issues in the distribution network. Stockwell transform (S-transform) is utilized to decompose the voltage signal and calculate the S-matrix. To assess the PQ, a plot is developed from this matrix. The features of this matrix such as mean, standard deviation, and maximum deviation are further utilized for detecting the operational issues such as wind speed variation, islanding, synchronization, and outage of the wind generation by using clustering with fuzzy C-means. A modified IEEE 13-bus test system is utilized to validate the proposed method, which is also supported by hardware and real-time digital simulator results. The quality of power is graded with the help of a proposed PQ index under various operational events with different levels of wind energy penetration. The proposed method is effective for the identification and grading of different operational events in terms of PQ and recognizing a wide range of PQ issues with a high share of wind energy. The performance of the proposed scheme is established by comparing its results with other approaches.


Abstract The funding methodology by which the Scottish Office Education and Industry Department disburses funds to Scotland's colleges of further education is about to change. The proposed changes are explained in this article with particular regard to the educational values that are encouraged by the changes. The article is a case study of the relationship between government funding and values that may be of interest beyond Scotland. It is argued that it is difficult to fund public sector educational institutions in a justifiable way without government having some idea of the educational values that it seeks to communicate. In that regard the recent decision not to publish the long promised White Paper on lifelong learning is disappointing in that it leaves the various providers of post-compulsory education likely to be overconcerned with commercial rather than educational values.


Puerperium is a period when the mother experiences intense physical and emotional stress due to exhaustion, anxiety and excitement. Each mother has to adjust to physical changes in her own body due to involution and lactation as well as cope up with the new demands on her time and emotions made by the new born baby. Episiotomy, despite evidences that it is an unnecessary intervention, is one of the most common surgical procedures performed during the second stage of labour, especially in primigravida woman. Thus, a randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of topical application of chlorhexidine and prevailing practices on episiotomy wound among postnatal mothers at selected hospital of Indore was undertaken. True experimental approach with pre test post test research design was adopted. Simple random sampling was taken to select 40 postnatal mothers with episiotomy wound and three days postpartum hospital stay in Choithram Hospital & Research Centre, Indore as per the inclusion criteria. Data was collected with help of questionnaire for socio demographic data and obstetrical data and the wound healing was assessed by REEDA wound healing assessment scale. Samples in the experimental group were applied with chlorhexidine on episiotomy wound and the samples in the control group received routine care with betadine or nadoxin. Post assessment score was taken on third day (evening) by REEDA wound assessment scale. Finding of the study related to effectiveness of chlorhexidine among postnatal mothers in experimental group revealed that there was a significant difference in the healing of episiotomy wound by the application of chlorhexidine among postnatal mothers in experimental group at t19 = 11.40 at the level of p< 0.001. Hence it was inferred that topical application of chlorhexidine on episiotomy wound promotes wound healing.


Objective
To evaluate the effect of hydrogen-rich saline on the expression of phosphor-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK) during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.

Methods
Seventy-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 220-250 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 20 each) using a random number table: sham operation group (group S), I/R group and hydrogen-rich saline group (group I/RH). Cerebral ischemia was induced in chloral hydrate-anesthetized rats by 2 h middle cerebral artery occlusion in I/R and I/RH groups.The artery was only exposed but not occluded in group S. At 3 days before operation and immediately after onset of reperfusion, hydrogen-rich saline (0.6 mmol/L) 10 ml/kg was intraperitoneally injected in group I/RH, while the equal volume of normal saline was given in S and I/R groups.Neurological deficits were blindly assessed and scored at the end of 24 h reperfusion.The animals were then sacrificed, and brains were removed for microscopic examination and for determination of the cerebral infarct size (by TTC), brain water content, cell apoptosis (by TUNEL), and expression of p38MAPk and phosphor-p38MAPK (p-p38MAPK) (by immunohistochemistry and Western blot). Apoptosis index was calculated.

Results
Compared with group S, neurological deficit score, apoptosis index, brain water content and cerebral infarct size were significantly increased, and the expression of p38MAPK and p-p38MAPK was up-regulated in I/R and I/RH groups.Compared with group I/R, neurological deficit score, apoptosis index, brain water content and cerebral infarct size were significantly decreased, and the expression of p38MAPK and p-p38MAPK was down-regulated in group I/RH.The pathological changes of cerebral tissues were significantly attenuated in group I/RH as compared with group I/R.

Conclusion
Hydrogen-rich saline can reduce cell apoptosis through inhibiting p-p38MAPK expression, thus attenuating cerebral I/R injury in rats.

Key words:
Hydrogen; Reperfusion injury; Brain; Mitogen-activated protein kinases


Increasing bandwidth is not only about temporal frequencies but also about spatial wavenumbers, in particular those which are poorly sampled in the cross-line direction with streamer separations of 16 to 24 times the inline sampling interval. In this talk, we present results from a test with a mini-3D array of prototype 4C marine streamers in which we use, in addition to the pressure, the vertical and crossline gradients of the pressure wavefield in order to reconstruct and 3D deghost the wavefield at arbitrary points within the aperture. From the experimental 3D survey, we show examples of spatial and temporal enhancement of wavefields reconstructed using a generalised matching pursuit algorithm, comparing pressure-only and multi-component reconstructions. We find that multicomponent reconstruction is able to de-alias high wavenumber diffractions, that are completely missed by a pressure-only matching pursuit algorithm with priors, and generate broad-band unmigrated timeslices with excellent resolution.


According to the defects of water-sealed tank of CO_2 recovery balloon of expansion line, the front protection device for CO_2 recovery balloon based on PLC is designed.