As twin sisters in the same law system,The Natural Resources Law and The Environmental Portection Law have both similarities in material system and distinction in the aspect of the funcitions of human production and life.They are both independent and interactive.This paper compares them in the following aspects:the foundation of legistation,the objection of adjustment,the fundamental principles,the fundamental systems etc,and concludes that the two laws will inevitably combine with each other with the sustainable development strategy as the guidance.


In this study, the COP variation with the duration of Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) systems operation was analyzed by experiment. This experimental facility was installed in residential house as a back-up device of solar thermal heating system. The capacity of heat pump is 2.5 kW with a vertical bore hole of 150m depth. The COP of GSHP is varied, depending on the ground temperature which is used as a heat source. The ground heat source temperature influencing heating COP is the soil or rock temperature which adjoin with geo-source heat exchanger. This temperature is decreased rapidly according to the operation duration of heat pump. As a result, COP of GSHP is decreased to 3 in one hour of continuous operation time.


Rapid development of high power semiconductor devices with fast control features have given birth to several Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) controllers for improving power system performances. One of the advanced FACTS Controllers is Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC), which can control power flows, both real and reactive in Transmission line. This paper presents performance analysis of UPFC based on d-q axis theory. So far the standard practise of realizing the UPFC has been confined to connecting two inverters back to back with a DC link capacitor in between. This capacitor brings with it several disadvantages which affects the overall reliability of the UPFC. The Matrix Converter (MC) topology comes without any such bulky reactive element except for lighter components as filters. This paper examines the effectiveness of MC as UPFC and simulation results shows a comparable performance with the traditional back to back constructs.


With the development of geomechanics and the requirements of many large-scale engineering projects,soil-rock mixtures(SRM) have been regarded as a special type of soil and rock materials which are substantially different with the general soils and rocks in geotechnical engineering.In a large extent,the proportion and distribution of the rock block sizes control the physico-mechanical properties of SRM.Using digital image processingr,ock block sizes in SRM samples are identified from the soil matrix.The proportion and distribution of the rock block sizes are then obtained quantitatively.Then the results are used for the sample preparation of the large scale direct shear tests,which cuts a new method for the test study of SRM.According to the results of the large scale direct shear tests,as a whole,the rock block size proportion controls the deformation and fracture mechanism of SRM.The shape of the shear stress versus the horizontal displacement curve and the vertical displacement versus the horizontal displacement curve of the remolded SRM samples are different from the general soils and rocks.With the increase of the rock block proportion,the shear band of SRM increased.When the rock block proportion lied in the range of 25% to 70%,the increment of the internal frication angle increased linearly with the increase of the rock block proportion.And the cohesion of the SRM decreased largely from the soil matrix.When the rock block proportion is large than 30%,however,there is only a little decrease in the cohesion with the increase of the rock block proportion.


Existing literature on the deployment of cost techniques in early public sector organizations largely relies on archival evidence gathered from late eighteenth and nineteenth-century settings. Arguably, these contexts are characterized by a number of idiosyncratic characteristics that advise caution in generalizing conclusions beyond the institutional elements that forged those settings. Our investigation examines the case of the Royal Textile Mill of Guadalajara (RTM), a setting characterized by state ownership, competitive markets, organization of production around medieval guilds, and recruitment of foreign experts to conduct productive operations. Our findings show that the management of RTM deployed cost accounting techniques that comprised aspects such as control of raw materials and waste, control of labour and management, and allocations of overhead to product costing. We also find evidence which departs from predictions that standards relating to the control of raw materials should have preceded the implementation of labour cost standards.


The aim of this thesis was to examine how male and female police officers constitute policing as both a profession and an identity through discourses, and to provide a theoretical explanation both of the act of self-constitution and of how discourses are reproduced, maintained or changed during the construction of accounts of work experiences. A second aim was to explain why policewomen express contentment with a status quo that is often culturally constructed as oppressive. Using a form of discourse analysis based on Foucauldian principles, it is argued that the nature of policing as a profession and an identity is a contested and highly political domain, and these tensions are revealed in the ways individuals attempt to construct their identities within the web of discursive resources available. Dominant constructions of policing do prevail, but there is a hegemonic struggle at the individual and relational levels of discourse (Fairclough, 1992) that opens up spaces where the position of female officers, with regards to promotion and retention, may be facilitated over time. It is suggested that because female officers are targeted with a host of discrediting discourses concerning their motivation, ambitions and credibility, this motivates them to construct positive accounts of their experiences in order to enable them to take up subject positions in dominant discourses of liberal democracy: specifically, those that emphasise the autonomy and integrity of the self. It is therefore argued that selfconstitution at the level of identity reproduces hegemonic discourses at the ideational level (Fairclough, 1992) mediated by the relational operation of discourse within the interactional context.


A new series of the O-pyrimidinylsalicylates was synthesized and their herbicidal activity was examined. Some of these compounds showed very strong herbicidal activity under pre- and post-emergent treatment conditions against various kinds of grass and broadleaf weeds. Among these compounds, O-(4, 6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl) salicylic acid and its methyl ester were found to exhibit the highest activity. The herbicidal symptoms observed after the treatments included early cessation of plant growth followed by chlorosis, necrosis and plant death. The symptoms were similar to those caused by sulfonylureas and imidazolinones, which inhibit branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis.


The alpha‐2,8‐linked sialic acid polymer (PSA) on the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is an important regulator of cell surface interactions. We have examined the translocation of PSA‐NCAM to the surface of cultured cortical neurons and insulin secreting beta cells under different conditions of cell activity. Endoneuraminidase N, an enzyme that specifically cleaves PSA chains, was used to remove pre‐existing PSA from the plasma membrane and the re‐expression of the molecule was monitored by immunocytochemistry. Punctate PSA immunostaining was restored on the surface of 68% of neurons within 1 h. This recovery was almost completely prevented by tetrodotoxin, suggesting that spontaneous electrical activity is required. K+ depolarization (50 mM) allowed recovery of PSA surface staining in the presence of tetrodotoxin and this effect required the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Rapid redistribution of PSA‐NCAM to the surface of beta cells was observed under conditions that stimulate insulin secretion. Ca2+ channel inhibition decreased both PSA‐NCAM expression and insulin secretion to control, non‐stimulated levels. Finally, subcellular fractionation of an insulin‐secreting cell line showed that the secretory vesicle fraction is highly enriched in PSA‐NCAM. These results suggest that PSA‐NCAM can be translocated to the cell surface via regulated exocytosis. Taken together, our results provide unprecedented evidence linking cell activity and PSA‐NCAM expression, and suggest a mechanism for rapid modulation of cell surface interactions.


We present a deep Blanco/DECam colour–magnitude diagram (CMD) for the large but very diffuse Milky Way satellite dwarf galaxy Crater II. The CMD shows only old stars with a clearly bifurcated subgiant branch (SGB) that feeds a narrow red giant branch. The horizontal branch (HB) shows many RR Lyrae and red HB stars. Comparing the CMD with [Fe/H] = −2.0 and [α/Fe] = + 0.3 alpha-enhanced BaSTI isochrones indicates a mean age of 12.5 Gyr for the main event and a mean age of 10.5 Gyr for the brighter SGB. With such multiple star formation events Crater II shows similarity to more massive dwarfs that have intermediate age populations, however for Crater II there was early quenching of the star formation and no intermediate age or younger stars are present. The spatial distribution of Crater II stars overall is elliptical in the plane of the sky, the detailed distribution shows a lack of strong central concentration, and some inhomogeneities. The 10.5 Gyr subgiant and upper main-sequence stars show a slightly higher central concentration when compared to the 12.5 Gyr population. Matching to Gaia DR2 we find the proper motion of Crater II: μαcos δ = −0.14 ± 0.07, μδ = −0.10 ± 0.04 mas yr−1, approximately perpendicular to the semimajor axis of Crater II. Our results provide constraints on the star formation and chemical enrichment history of Crater II, but cannot definitively determine whether or not substantial mass has been lost over its lifetime.


Kinetic theory provides a microscopic description of many observable, macroscopic processes and has a wide range of important applications in physics, astronomy, chemistry, and engineering. This powerful, theoretical framework allows a quantitative treatment of many non-equilibrium phenomena such as transport processes in classical and quantum fluids. This book describes in detail the Boltzmann equation theory, obtained in both traditional and modern ways. Applications and generalizations describing non-equilibrium processes in a variety of systems are also covered, including dilute and moderately dense gases, particles in random media, hard sphere crystals, condensed Bose-Einstein gases, and granular materials. Fluctuation phenomena in non-equilibrium fluids, and related non-analyticities in the hydrodynamic equations are also discussed in some detail. A thorough examination of many topics concerning time dependent phenomena in material systems, this book describes both current knowledge as well as future directions of the field.


Over the last fifty years, the encouragement of regional co-operation and integration has ranked high among the European Union's foreign policy priorities. While a significant share of European Community external assistance funds is earmarked to regional cooperation projects, region-building lies at the core of key EU-pushed initiatives, the most famous being the Euro-Mediterranean partnership. However, even though the academic literature on the ENP is blooming, little attention has been paid to the articulation of bilateral and regional dimensions in the relationship with Eastern neighbours. Through examining the EU's record in region-building its Eastern neighbourhood, this chapter intends to question the emergence of an EU regional vision in the Eastern part of the continent and to shed light on the extent to which such a vision is underpinned by ENP instruments and methods. In doing so, it will highlight tensions related to two issues, which will ultimately determine the EU's influence in its neighbourhood: inclusiveness, defined as the EU's ability to include partner countries' preferences in its policies and to promote their participation ; and consistency , understood as the extent to which various EU policies are compatible with one another, for the purpose of this chapter within a given geographical framework.


Most individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have latent tuberculosis (TB), which can be diagnosed with tests (such as the QuantiFERON‐TB Gold test [QFT]) that detect the production of IFN‐γ by memory T cells in response to the Mtb‐specific antigens 6 kDa early secretory antigenic target EsxA (Rv3875) (ESAT‐6), 10 kDa culture filtrate antigen EsxB (Rv3874) (CFP‐10), and Mtb antigen of 7.7 kDa (Rv2654c) (TB7.7). However, the immunological mechanisms that determine if an individual will develop latent or active TB remain incompletely understood. Here we compared the response of innate and adaptive peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy individuals without Mtb infection (QFT negative) and from individuals with latent (QFT positive) or active TB infection, to determine the characteristics of these cells that correlate with each condition. In active TB patients, the levels of IFN‐γ that were produced in response to Mtb‐specific antigens had high positive correlations with IL‐1β, TNF‐α, MCP‐1, IL‐6, IL‐12p70, and IL‐23, while the proinflammatory cytokines had high positive correlations between themselves and with IL‐12p70 and IL‐23. These correlations were not observed in QFT‐negative or QFT‐positive healthy volunteers. Activation with Mtb‐soluble extract (a mixture of Mtb antigens and pathogen‐associated molecular patterns [PAMPs]) increased the percentage of IFN‐γ–/IL‐17–producing NK cells and of IL‐17–producing innate lymphoid cell 3 (ILC3) in the peripheral blood of active TB patients, but not of QFT‐negative or QFT‐positive healthy volunteers. Thus, active TB patients have both adaptive and innate lymphocyte subsets that produce characteristic cytokine profiles in response to Mtb‐specific antigens or PAMPs. These profiles are not observed in uninfected individuals or in individuals with latent TB, suggesting that they are a response to active TB infection.


The transformation of the economy being brought about by Industrie 4.0 means that, in the future, business processes such as supply, manufacturing, maintenance, delivery and customer service will all be connected via the Internet. The resulting highly flexible value networks will require new forms of cooperation between companies, both nationally and globally. There is still considerable uncertainty regarding the areas in which German businesses should engage in this kind of cooperation – despite the potential synergies and competitive advantages there is also concern about the possible loss of know-how and value-added. This study analyses the opportunities and challenges of international cooperation in the field of Industrie 4.0. It is based on more than 150 interviews and discussions with experts from Germany, China, Japan, South Korea, the UK and the US. The latter five countries are set to become important future suppliers of Industrie 4.0 solutions and are therefore potentially attractive cooperation partners for Germany.


Knowledge spillover is an exchange of ideas among individuals. In knowledge management economics, a knowledge spillover is a non-rival knowledge market externality that has a spillover effect of stimulating technological improvements in a neighbor through one's own innovation. This paper researches the efficiency of the modular organization from the perspective of knowledge spillovers. First of all, a production function model is proposed, which is build on the effect of knowledge spillovers among members of the modular organization. Additionally, some relevant factors are found that the efficiency of the modular organization is influenced by analyzing this model. Finally, this paper concluded that the efficiency of the modular organization and the knowledge spillovers among members of the organization which impacts each other, and two suggestions are proposed in the light of the conclusion.


This study investigated the effects of shading on photosynthesis, other physiological and biochemical characteristics and seed yield of tree peony (Paeonia ostii FengDan).The results showed that under the natural full sunshine, the net photosynthesis (Pn) of tree peony had a mid-day depression from 12: 00pm to 4:00pm, also the total chlorophyll and the relative content of chlorophyll a and b as well as seed yield were lower compared to 25% shading condition. There was almost no mid-day depression under the condition of 25% and 50% shading, also the total chlorophyll content and the relative content of chlorophyll a and b were both higher in comparison with the full sunshine condition. Pn and seed yeild maintained a higher level all day under 25% shading. Whereas Pn had the lowest level all day under 75% shading and the yield was also declined. It is concluded that tree peony (FengDan) would grow the best and have a high yeild under the condition of 25% shading.


A treatment device for removing heat from a patient's subcutaneous excessive cell therapy device that provides mechanical energy to the tissue. Given mechanical energy may comprise a good vibration component that is between the low frequency and ultra high frequency, such energy, the two that is set by adjusting to provide the desired effect in the subcutaneous tissue or it may comprise three or more different combinations of frequencies. To promote the destruction of adipose tissue to be cooled by the external treatment apparatus, it is preferable to provide the mechanical energy to the tissue of the cooling conditions. Furthermore, price mechanical energy is vibration effect, the massage effect, pulsating effect or a good give these combinations tissue.


Perioperative Surgical Homes (PSH) are evolving patient-centered medical home models that coordinate stream-lined care among all providers in the care process. The PSH model can serve as a solution to improve quality assurance, patient satisfaction, and reduce errors that lead to poor outcomes, many of which are preventable and can lead to higher costs. This model has many benefits, but it can be a challenge to execute in a hospital system. TriHealth chose to adopt a PSH model, the TriHealth Surgical Optimization Center (TSOC) in March 2017. It implemented a pilot program for its colorectal patients. Metrics of primary interest to TriHealth included: the rate of late surgery starts for the first case of the day, the delay reason accompanying it, and the time of delay measured in minutes from the scheduled start time. It was hypothesized that the TSOC program would decrease the number of surgeries with delayed starts, as well as the time to delay. Surprisingly, analysis showed no change in the frequency of late start surgeries between the two cohorts, pre-TSOC and post-TSOC. However, there was a significant reduction in time delay for late start surgeries, from 17.8 minutes preTSOC to 10.0 minutes of delay post-TSOC. Additionally, the number of first cases delayed was largely related to surgeon delay, which increased to 37% upon TSOC implementation. This study gave insight to surgical protocol and patient care issues that still exist within the TSOC program, and subsequently the downstream effect on the health of the patient population served.


A 71-year-old woman developed dyspnea, tachycardia, and hypoxia 4 days after an open reduction and internal fixation of an ankle fracture. Contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral pulmonary emboli (PE). Transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated severe right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Laboratory evaluation demonstrated a markedly elevated cardiac troponin. She subsequently underwent ultrasound-facilitated, catheter-based, lowdose fibrinolysis via the right internal jugular vein. Approximately 18 hours after sheath removal, the patient was noted to have anisocoria, with her left pupil 6 mm in diameter and her right pupil 4 mm (Panels A and B). Both pupils were briskly reactive to light without afferent pupillary defect. The remainder of the neurologic exam was normal and no ptosis was noted. The patient had no history of physiologic anisocoria. One drop of 0.5% apraclonidine was administered to each eye, resulting in dilation of the right pupil and slight constriction of the left pupil 30 minutes later, and confirmed the diagnosis of Horner's syndrome. To investigate the cause of the Horner's syndrome, CT angiography of the neck was completed. Imaging demonstrated fat stranding circumferentially around the right internal jugular vein with extension to the posterolateral margin of the common carotid artery (arrows in Panels C and D). Sympathetic fibers from the hypothalamus synapse at C8–T2, then exiting the spinal cord to pass superior to the lung apices and ascend through the cervical sympathetic chain in the neck which lies outside the carotid sheath behind the common carotid artery, ultimately innervating the levator palpebrae superioris and dilator pupillae muscles. The exam findings suggested a right Horner's syndrome due to trauma associated with catheter placement or removal. A Horner pupil lacks sympathetic innervation, leading to supersensitivity of the alpha-1 receptor and thus resulting in pupillary dilatation with administration of apraclonidine, which is a weak alpha-1 and strong alpha-2 agonist. In the normal eye, the stronger alpha-2 stimulation by apraclonidine causes the pupil to constrict slightly. Previous studies suggest the incidence of traumatic Horner's syndrome after central venous catheter placement ranges from 0.2% to 5%.1 The mechanism of traumatic Horner's syndrome most commonly occurs due to hematoma formation or direct needle trauma. Risk of traumatic Horner's increases when turning the head to the left more than 40 A case of Horner's syndrome after catheter-based fibrinolysis for pulmonary embolism


This paper describes the radium sources conditioning operation carried out in Latin American and the Caribbean by a team of the Brazilian federal research institute CDTN, as part of an International Atomic Energy Agency's hands-on assistance project to safely condition disused sources in developing countries. This initiative was spawned by the perceived hazard associated with the use of radium sources, caused mainly by the high likelihood that these sources leak during their use due to the accumulation of the radon gas in their interior. The conditions under which these sources are often stored in the target countries, without proper documentation, mixed with different radiation sources and under precarious conditions, urged the Agency to start this program at the end of 1996. The conditioning process starts with a pre-mission to the candidate country, when a place is selected for the forthcoming operation, suggest improvements in the local available infrastructure is suggest ed and gather the most complete information available about the country's source inventory is collected. The operation consists of transferring the sources from their original shields to sturdy multi-barrier packages, which are put under the control of the local nuclear authority. As part of the quality assurance program applied to this project, the relevant information about the conditioned inventory is recorded and made available to the host country, to the IAEA and to the conditioning team.


Aluminum killed cold rolled steel used for automobiles was welded shows that high quality of welding can be realized at welding speed of laser welded joints for aluminum killed cold rolled steel increased compared to those of the base metal while the formability decreased. Forming limit diagram of joint material indicated that the laser weld seam should avoid the maximum deformation area of automobile parts during the designing period for the position of weld seam.


In this article, we investigate a new hardened GaN MISFET with an integrated Schottky contact (SC-MISFET). The new device architecture significantly improves the single-event burnout (SEB) characteristics. Compared to the field plate conventional GaN MISFET (FPC-MISFET), the Schottky metal can extract a larger number of holes, which are generated by heavy-ion irradiation. In addition, the number of carriers involved in the impact ionization process is substantially reduced. These features enable the new hardened structure to achieve a better overall SEB characteristic. After heavy-ion irradiation, the SEB threshold voltages of devices with conventional and hardened structures are 520 and 710 V, respectively.


Unique H-bonding motifs of 1,3-dihydroxyl derivatives involving simultaneous intra- and inter-molecular H-bonding results in extended organization of pendant chromophores with a spatial distance suitable for π-π interaction. A preformed assembly with appended acceptor units exhibits host-guest interaction with specific donors by charge-transfer complex formation.


Our countryside's peasantry eduction has much trouble,including informal eduction,unbalance between supply and needs,conservative learning methods,etc.Low productivity,system and peasantry eduction discreamation are all reasonls that cause peasantry eduction trouble.Building the formal peasantry eduction system,perfecting peasantry eduction methods are all access to solve peasantry eduction trouble.


An evaluation of the information content of asynoptic data taken in the form of nadir sonde and limb scan observations is presented, and a one-to-one correspondence is established between the alias-free data and twice-daily synoptic maps. Attention is given to space and time limitations of sampling and the orbital geometry is discussed. The sampling pattern is demonstrated to determine unique space-time spectra at all wavenumbers and frequencies. Spectral resolution and aliasing are explored, while restrictions on sampling and information content are defined. It is noted that irregular sampling at high latitudes produces spurious contamination effects. An Asynoptic Sampling Theorem is thereby formulated, as is a Synoptic Retrieval Theorem, in the second part of the article. In the latter, a procedure is developed for retrieving the unique correspondence between the asymptotic data and the synoptic maps. Applications examples are provided using data from the Nimbus-6 satellite.


According to fuzzy arithmetic, general dual fuzzy linear system (GDFLS) cannot be replaced by a fuzzy linear system (FLS). In this paper, we use new notation of fuzzy numbers and convert a GDFLS to two linear systems in crisp case, then we discuss complexity of the proposed method. Conditions for the existence of a unique fuzzy solution to n ◊ n GDFLS are derived.


A multilayer-structure diode consisting of alternating layers of organic perylene derivative and aromatic diamine has been fabricated by organic molecular beam deposition. The diode with multilayer structure shows anomalous current-voltage characteristics compared with those of a monolayer-heterostructure diode. The diode also shows electroluminescent characteristics, emitting red light at 632 nm at room temperature. The diode characteristics have been discussed in terms of the tunneling current of the multilayer structure.


With the dismantling of the welfare state and growing questioning and rejection of the capitalist system that supported it, the "right to the city" has become a more pragmatic vindication. As a consequence of the increasing distance between institutions and society, citizenship has begun to organize, operating not only from a political, social and economic dimension, but also urban. In this breakdown, a new scenario opens. It proposes a change of paradigm in urban and territorial practices. In this regard, we wonder about the role of the emancipated citizen-planner and the use of social pedagogy as a tool and process for facilitating this emancipation


Background: The World Health Organization admitted that the vaccination against Covid 19 limited the deaths, but not the spread of the disease. This requires a method allowing a specific, rapid and accurate diagnosis of the disease. We report a SPR assay that meets the requirements and can be applied no only for SARS Cov-2 diagnosis but as a tool for early diagnosis of otherinfections.
Methods: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method was used to identify the binding of S/N protein to monoclonal antibodies. N-protein monoclonal antibody (NP mAb), S-protein monoclonal antibody (SP mAb), and receptor bind domain (RBD) antibody were used as recognition molecules. Ligands were deposited by the matrix-assisted laser evaporation (MAPLE) method, which guarantees maximum interaction specificity.
Results: We registered S/N protein binding to the corresponding mAbs and S protein to RBD antibody with high sensitivity: the interactions were observed at protein concentration about 130 femtomoles (fM). A very good specificity was observed: the measured S protein binding activity to NP mAb was below the limit of detection (LOD). The same was noticed for N protein binding to SP mAb.
Conclusions: The presented SPR assay possesses high sensitivity and selectivity and provides quantitative analysis. This makes it applicable for following the evolution of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially at the early stages of viral replication which can be clinically useful.


The concept of storing electrical energy in rotating flywheels provides an attractive substitute to batteries. To realize these advantages the critical technologies of rotor design, composite materials, magnetic suspension, and high efficiency motor/generators are reviewed in this paper. The magnetically suspended flywheel energy storage system, currently under development at the University of Maryland, consisting of a family of interference assembled rings, is presented as an integrated solution for energy storage.


In video field research has focused on the techniques to solve the problem,which is how to transmit compressed video data and improve received quality over channels with narrow bandwidth or high noise.Firstly the principles are introduced about four kinds of error resilience tools in MPEG-4.Then primary error-resilient methods of the decoder are given.Error detection and localization is the primary step.Several methods for the step are discussed and a method is proposed about error detection and localization by using data hiding scheme.


With adoption of Tennessee Self-concept Scale,960 college students were taken as the subjects of the study,a comparison of selfconception of the students participating in the ex-curricular sports training teams,those in sports groups and the average students was made.It was revealed that the students had higher scores in psychological self,social self,self-identification and self-action than the average students.The students playing basketball had the best self-concept.The students in the sports groups had better psychological self,social self,self satisfaction and self-action than the average students.The students who had physical training regularly had better psychological self,social self,self satisfaction and self-action than those who did not.


TH E TWO BOOKS! for this review deal with marketing practices and buying motives and not with economic theory and its systematic application. Both books represent an attempt to rewrite the extensive body of consumer-marketing literature from the consumer's point of view. In both books there is inevitably much sound marketing material and many observations that consumers might profitably think about. Both have rendered a real service, moreover, by drawing together and summarizing a large body of critical matter from a great many interesting though at times dubious sources. In this way they will serve as a warning, to the more backward type of enterprise, that public animosity will always assert itself if aroused. On the other hand, careful reading of these works will reveal to many a marketing authority a number of things which he had "never known before," and which he will mark as perspicacious errors when he does encounter them. Dr. Coles states:


It was recently reported by us that either primary i.n. or i.p. injection of cedar pollen extract into BALB/c mice, or a second s.c. injection of the allergen into i.v. or s.c. sensitized mice, causes an IL‐4‐dependent increase in total IgE serum antibody to produce allergen‐specific IgE antibody upon further s.c. sensitization. To determine the biology of total IgE antibody, in the present study IgE+ cells in peripheral blood or lymphoid tissues of allergen‐sensitized BALB/c mice have been characterized. In peripheral blood, mice sensitized one to three times with the allergen produced a 2.5‐ to 4‐fold increase in the number of IgE+ cells, with a time‐course similar to that of the concentration of total IgE antibody in serum. These IgE+ cells were basophils. On the other hand, the number of IgE+ cells in the lymphoid tissues did not change significantly after an i.n., i.p., i.v. or s.c. injection of allergen into the mice, whereas a second s.c. injection of the allergen into the i.v.‐, but not into the i.n.‐, i.p.‐ or s.c.‐, sensitized mice induced a small number of IgE+/IgM+/B220+ B cells in the spleen. In contrast, IgE+ cells were not seen in the blood or spleen of IL‐4 ‐/‐ mice after sensitization with the allergen.


The currently observed demographic change consists of two independent developments that differ in structure and persistence: (1) A slow, monotonic and (presumably) permanent ageing effect caused by an increasing life expectancy; (2) a more rapidly changing, non-monotonic and less permanent cohort effect caused by fluctuations in the size of cohorts. This paper shows the ageing effect has a positive impact on the rates of return households generate within pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension system. The cohort effect, by contrast, results in winners and losers in PAYG systems. Taking Germany as an example and using a quantitative OLG model the paper shows that the two effects cause rate of return differentials within the pension system of almost 1.3 percentage points between generations.


54 AUTOMATIC LANGUAGE IDENTIFICATION DUNNING, TED "Statistical Identification of Language, USING BOTH N-GRAM AND WORD "CLR Tech Report (MCCS-94-273), 1994. INFORMATION GREFENSTETTE, GREGORY "Comparing Two Language Identification Schemes." In Proceedings of 3' International 75 Inventor: Bruno M. Schulze, Swampscott, Mass. Conference on Statistical Analysis of Textual Data (JADT 1995), Rome, Italy; December, 1995, vol. II, pp. 263-268. 73 Assignee: Xerox Company, Stamford, Conn. IntelliScope(E) Language Recognizer, InSo Corporation, 1997. 21 Appl. No.: 09/219,615 SIBUN, PENELOPE ET AL. "Language Determination: 1-1. Natural Language Processing from Scanned Document 22 Filed: Dec. 23, 1998 Images, " Proceedings of the 4" Conference on Applied (51) Int. Cl." ...................................................... G06F 17/27 Natural Language Processing, Stuttgart, Germany; 1994, pp. 52 U.S. Cl. ................................................... 704/9; 704/10 15–21. 58) Field of Search "70.357,707s." S. 2. Primary Examiner Forester W. Isen s s s s ASSistant Examiner Patrick N. Edouard


In recent years, several techniques have been proposed which integrate face, a physical biometric, with gait, a behavioral biometric, with the aim of investigating if such a combination will improve upon the performance of methods which exclusively employ only one of these biometrics. An overview of some of the well-known approaches in this area, along with a discussion of the advantages offered and the challenges faced by such systems, is provided in this paper and the potential of this technology for further research and application is explored.


Compatibility of riboflavin tetrabutyrate preparations (Modified syrup, Hibon syrup ®) with 45 medicines was investigated by sensory test, while residual potency of riboflavin tetrabutyrate was measured by absorptiometry. The data on change in compatibility with time were analyzed by time series analysis. A change of Modified syrup and Hibon syrup ® was showed in appearance, but wasn't observed in taste, odor, pH, residual potency and buffer capacity carve on every single syrup. In mixtures, a change was observed in appearance, taste, odor, but not in pH. Modified syrup, tested alone and in mixtures, was better than Hibon syrup in redispersion test. When we administer Hibon syrup ® mixture, we instruct patients to shake well before using.


The spontaneous grassland vegetation of the garden and park landscapes of Middle Pobuzhzhia (Central Ukraine) has been studied for the first time. An inventory of its syntaxonomical diversity has been carried out. The material for the study was 70 relevés (which included 258 species) of grassland vegetation sampled between 2007 and 2017 in 15 parks and gardens (one dendrological park, one botanical garden and 13 monuments of landscape gardening). The relevés were stored in a TURBOVEG database. The data analysis was performed in the JUICE program using a modified TWINSPAN algorithm. Diagnostic species were determined using fidelity measure of phi-coefficient. The resulting classification scheme includes four classes, four orders, four alliances, five associations and one community. Phytoindicative evaluation was carried out on environmental factors: soil humidity, acidity, total salt regime, carbonate content in soil, nitrogen content, aeration of soil, light. The ordination of the resulting clusters revealed the leading role of soil humidity and fertility in their differentiation. The clusters were divided into two groups: mesic (Community of Lamium maculatum and Ficaria verna; Lolietum perennis Gams 1927; Sagino procumbentis-Bryetum argentei Diemont et al. 1940) and dry (Trifolio medii-Agrimonietum Müller 1962; Salvio pratensis-Poetum angustifoliae Korotchenko & Didukh 1997; Medicago romanicae-Poetum angustifoliae Tkachenko et al. 1987). The study confirms that spontaneous grassland vegetation of garden and park landscapes is a sensitive indicator of the state of their disturbance and can be used for monitoring purposes.


Objective To investigate the expression of c-Myc protein in hippocampus of bcl-2 transgenic rats after global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Methods Ninety healthy male SD rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups.In ischemia/reperfusion group(IR group,n=30),global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was established by 4-VO method.Global cerebral ischemia was performed for 6 min,and then carotid artery blood flow was restored.In sham operation group(SO group,n=30),blood vessels were just exposed but not occluded.In bcl-2 group(n=30),the bcl-2 transgenic rat model was established,and then global ischemia/reperfusion model was induced using the same way as IR group.All animals were executed at 6,12,24,48,72 and 96 h by 4% poly-formaldehyde perfusion.TUNEL and HE staining of brain tissue section were used to observe the morphological change of hippocampus,and detect the expression of c-Myc protein in CA1 and CA3 region of hippocampus,and the number of c-Myc positive nerve cells.All the data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0. Results ①The expression of c-Myc protein was detected in CA1 region in IR group at 6 h after global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,and peaked at 48 h,and c-Myc protein was mainly localized in cell plasma.The expression of c-Myc protein in CA3 region was weaker than that in CA1 region,and also localized in cell plasma.The expression of c-Myc protein in bcl-2 group was weaker than that in IR group at every time point.②HE staining showed that the number of neuron in CA1 region in IR group decreased at 72 h after global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion,companied with neuron disarrangement,nucleus membrane indistinction and nucleolus disappearance.The changes of neuron in CA3 region were lighter than that in CA1 region.However,the neuron damage in bcl-2 group was not obvious.③TUNEL staining showed that the positive number of apoptosis cell reached the peak at 24-48 h after global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in CA1 region of hippocampus.The positive number of apoptosis cell in bcl-2 group was less. Conclusion The c-Myc protein could express in both CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus after global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in different intensity and distribution.Bcl-2 could inhibit neuron apoptosis through suppressing the expression of c-Myc.


The interactions between reactor neutron dynamics and thermal hydraulics constitute one of the most fundamental issues of boiling water reactor (BWR) safety. The interactions occur in the reactor core and can have direct effects on the integrity of fuel cladding and the cooling circuit. In unfavorable cases, such as out-of-phase power oscillations or asymmetric control rod ejection accidents, their consequences can be very severe. Several BWR neutronically coupled out-of phase oscillation incidents have been-reported. During some of the transients, both the corewide in-phase and out-of-phase power oscillations were observed. These incidents suggest a need to develop a transient three-dimensional neutronic modeling capability. The incorporation of a fully three-dimensional modeling of a reactor core into a system transient code such as TRAC allows best-estimate solution of this problem.


The fundamental factors determining the performance of state-of-the-art MgCl 2 -supported catalysts for polypropylene are becoming increasingly evident. Polymer yield, isotacticity, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are dependent on the regio- and stereoselectivity of the active species. Chain transfer with hydrogen after the occasional regioirregular (2,1-) insertion has a strong effect on molecular weight and is the main reason for the high hydrogen response shown by high-activity catalysts containing diether donors. Hydrogen response is also dependent on stereoselectivity. The probability of a stereo- or regioirregular insertion can be related to the lability of donor coordination in the vicinity of the active species. Results with different catalyst systems can be interpreted on the basis of a propagation model involving interconverting active species, such that polypropylene produced using MgCl 2 -supported catalysts can be regarded as a stereoblock polymer comprising (highly) isotactic sequences, moderately isotactic (isotactoid) sequences and syndiotactoid sequences. Strongly coordinating donors will give stereoregular polymers in which highly isotactic sequences predominate.


The diagnostic and treatment of the pieces held its necessary, to avoid later complications that could endanger the dental arc integrity. Therefore we are planning a multidisciplinary work that will include an early evaluation of the piece until the are will be in perfect line up using the Odontopediatrics and Surgery services (as a first stage). The traction orthodontic with removing devices; later to the surgery exposition could be unique or propose like the first part of the treatment more complex in agreement with the necessity of each patient. In this article we propose a short theory and the proposal of one clinic case of patient who arrived to the service of the Faculty in 2002.


Whereas the basic geometrical coordination of road alignment is a single vehicle concept ie, vehicle speed unconstrained by other vehicles on the road, overtaking is related to the interaction of a stream of vehicles on a two way road. It is, therefore, associated with traffic and operating conditions, and to allow for this, existing roads may need to be realigned or may need duplicate lanes constructed. The author shows how realignment would give only two years improved conditions on roads in mountainous areas with a 70 kph average highway speed, given normal traffic growth. Provision of overtaking places is always a more cost effective solution. He then discusses partial climbing lanes and passing bays. He notes that it is not essential to have guidelines for their design as they are usually constructed in response to current traffic volume and not installed as part of a calculation of future demand.


The original health records were designed by the first full-time Medical Officer appointed, Dr. Wilson Johnston. It is much to his credit that a very similar format is still considered suitable today. It is designed for A4 size paper and allows accurate recording and easy recall of basic medical and social data. Attempts were made at the outset to standardize examination techniques. Heights and weights are measured with light indoor clothes and without shoes. The blood pressure is recorded using a 22 cms cuff, with the student recumbent.


To the Editor: —Apropos of the letter of Dr. Myerson inThe Journal, Feb. 14, 1920, regarding respiratory sounds heard on the head, I should like to call attention to the difference in degree of sound transmission between a healthy and a diseased mastoid. Both the respiratory sounds and sound such as that produced by tapping on the central incisors are transmitted better to a bell stethoscope on the diseased side. In mastoiditis this fact becomes of diagnostic importance.


The need for facial recognition systems that are fast and accurate is continuously increasing. In this paper, a face recognition implementation on a System on Chip (SoC), integrated with an FPGA, is presented. This implementation utilizes Local Binary Patterns Histograms to extract features from test face images and Manhattan distance to retrieve the correct match from the system's face database. The SoC utilized is a Zynq-7030. The feature extraction and the distance computations, between the database, are implemented on the FPGA. The ARM processor of the SoC is responsible for receiving the input stream and presenting the output result, using the acquired distances. Real-time face recognition, with an execution time of 8.6 ms and accuracy of 79%, is achieved through this implementation.


Clustered graphs have been widely consisted in Graph Drawing to overcome the problem of drawing large (or huge) graphs with thousands, or perhaps millions of nodes. Force-directed algorithm is one of the available approaches to draw such graphs with good layouts. However, the force directed methods are often produce very different layout outcomes based on different clustering algorithms that greatly affect the quality of the final result. In this paper, we propose a 'dummy element' approach for drawing clustered graphs by using the traditional force-directed algorithm. Our approach attempts to maximize the satisfaction of aesthetics in graph drawing. The experimental results shown that our new method can reduce the side effects on choosing different clustering methods and improve the quality of final layouts.


It is known that the zwitterionic diblock copolymer, poly(4-vinylbenzoic acid)-b-poly(N-(morpholino)ethyl methacrylate) (VBA-b-MEMA), exhibits interesting "schizophrenic" micellization behavior (see:  Liu, S.; Armes, S. P. Langmuir 2003, 19, 4432−4438). The kinetics of the pH-induced formation and dissociation of VBA−core micelles, the salt-induced formation and dilution-induced dissociation of MEMA−core micelles at pH 10, and the pH-induced micellar inversion between VBA− and MEMA−core micelles in the presence of 0.8 M Na2SO4 were studied in detail using stopped-flow apparatus equipped with a light scattering detector. A pH jump from 12 to 2 in the absence of salt leads to the formation of VBA−core micelles; upon a pH jump from 2 to 12, the breakup of VBA−core micelles into unimers occurs within the dead time of the stopped-flow apparatus (∼ 2−3 ms). At pH 10, addition of Na2SO4 (> 0.6 M) induces the formation of MEMA−core micelles. Compared to the pH-induced formation and dissociation of VBA−core micell...


come at a price-they have helped create an elitist view of the law that often marginalizes the contributions that have been made by communities that have been traditionally excluded from the process of creating our jurisprudential norms.5 As Condit and Lucaites have recently reminded us in Crafting Equality, this denigration of the role of rhetoric results in the trivialization of the contributions of African-Americans, women, and other historically oppressed groups. 6


The independent director system is an important part of corporate governance.This study selects the size of independent directors,the consistency of the independent directors,work places of listed companies and the independent directors' attendance frequency to describe the characteristics of independent director system.Using A-share listed companies from Shenzhen and Shanghai Mainboard in 2010 as a sample,autnors conduct an empirical tests on the impacts of independent directors system on the companies' performance in China.The study finds that the independent director system has a positive impact on the firms' performance.There is a significant positive relationship among the independent directors' attendance frequency,the consistency of the independent directors,the work places of listed companies and firms' performance.But it does not find the significant impacts of the size of the independent directors on firms' performance.The results of this study show that the independent director system execution in China is effective and has a certain revelation for improving the corporate governance system.


IIn response to the growing importance of heterogeneous integration for both VLSI design and technology, the 2012 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Applications (2012 VLSI-TSA) and the 2012 International Symposium on VLSI Design, Automation and Test (2012 VLSI-DAT) will off er joint plenary and panel sessions on emerging topics in the semiconductor industry during its meeting on 23?25 April 2012 at the Ambassador Hotel in Hsinchu, Taiwan.


ABSTRACT This dyadic study of middle-aged parents and young adult children tested if perceptions of receiving affectionate communication were associated with tendencies to (a) exceed the speed limit when driving and (b) drive after consuming alcohol. Among other findings, children's perceptions of receiving verbal affection, nonverbal affection, and social support from their parent were negatively associated with children's tendency to drive after consuming one or two alcoholic drinks. Applying affection exchange theory to explain engagement in risky behaviors may comprise a nascent area of the theory's development. Future researchers can consider if the type of relational partner whose perspective is being considered (e.g. a parent versus a child) bears implications for the extent to which affectionate communication is associated with risky behaviors.


Compounds have the general formula (I) R -CO-NR (-A)n-B-N((-D)m-R )2, in which R is a linear or branched aliphatic C5-23-radical with 0 to 4 C-C double bonds and at least one hydroxyl group; R is H or (-A)n-B-N((-D)m-R )2; R is H or a C1-4-alkyl radical; A and D independently represent CH2-CHR -O, in which R is H, CH3, C2H5; B is C1-12-alkylene; n equals 0 to 6 and m equals 1 to 10. These compounds are used as surface-active substances, non-ionic surfactants or emulsifiers.


The study sought analysis of high school teachers' perception on the effectiveness of instructional strategies in bridging the mathematics skills gap among high school students with respect to the discovery approach, cooperative learning, problem-solving approach, inquiry-based teaching approach, and integrative teaching approach. Also, the study sought analysis of the problems the high school teachers encountered in using the different instructional strategies. The study utilized descriptive survey research using a structured questionnaire in gathering the needed data and was given through a Google form to teachers in Tuguegarao. There were a total of 75 respondents from 6 public secondary high schools. Based on the foregoing findings, the following conclusions were drawn. Respondents' perceptions of the effectiveness of inquiry-based and discovery approaches as instructional strategies in bridging the mathematics skills gap among high school students are not comparable when grouped according to age and length of service, respectively. The major perceived problem encountered by the teachers in utilizing instructional strategies in bridging the mathematics skills gap among high school students is the large class size, ranked as the first major perceived problem. It is also concluded that there are enough competent mathematics teachers in high school. It was recommended that the teachers often use the Discovery approach and the inquiry-based approach instructional strategies as part of their motivation, presentation, discussion, and evaluation of the lessons in mathematics to make meaningful learning to their students.


From the perspective of document studies, this paper collects and straightens out the national literature masterLaoshe's dispersive remarks on A Dream of Red Mansions, and discusses these remarks' influence, which is the pioneering work in the study of Laoshe. 


Abstract : In order to better understand the formation of films during corrosion processes, an analytical technique using x-ray diffraction was developed to examine the structure of compounds in closest proximity to the metal liquid interface. The in situ structure at the metal liquid interface was examined for pure nickel, 90-10 and 70-30 Cu-Ni alloy in seawater solution at room temperature. The nickel-seawater system was investigated at potentiostatically controlled potentials of -800 mV and + 450 mV (versus Ni/NiO). Both the 90-10 Cu-Ni and the 70-30 Cu-Ni alloys seawater systems were investigated at -500 mV, -100 mV, +500 mV and +100 mV versus Ni/NiO. The chemical changes at the metal interface were studied over a period of 48 hours. The inner and outer oxide structure of pure nickel in seawater at -800 mV is NiOOH and Ni(OH)2. Similarly the structure of inner and outer layers at +450 mV (versus Ni/NiO) contains both NiO/Ni2O3 and Ni2O3. The results for 90-10 Cu-Ni and 70-30 Cu-Ni alloys in seawater indicated that the structure of outer passive layers at -500 mV and -100 mV (versus Ni/NiO), comprises Ni(OH)2, Cu(OH)2, NiOOH and Cu2O-NiO and the structure of inner passive layer is NiOOH and Cu2O-NiO. Similarly, the structure of outer interface at + 500 mV and + 100 mV (versus NiiNiO) contains NiO, Ni2O3, Cu2O-NiO and Ni2CuO3; and the inner passive layer contains Cu2O-NiO and Ni2CuO3.


BACKGROUND Depression is a common condition in primary care medicine in all population groups. We wanted to validate an Arabic translation Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale for Arabic speakers as it has been validated in a number of other languages. METHODS The hospital translation service translated the English version into Arabic, which was verified by back translation. This version was tested in a pilot study with 40 bilingual Arabic-English clinicians and Arabic linguistic experts. Revised questions were subjected to another translation-back translation and the final version tested in a clinical trial with 240 consenting bilingual English-Arabic speakers. The subjects were randomly assigned to answer either the English or Arabic version of the Zung questionnaire first, ensuring that subjects had no access to previous answers when answering the questionnaire in the other language. The scores obtained were tested for agreement using the kappa statistic. RESULTS We found substantial agreement between the scores obtained from the two questionnaires. The kappa measurement of agreement was 0.652 (95% confidence interval, 0.571–0.732) CONCLUSION We believe the Arabic translation of the English Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale is valid and reliable, and will be useful to practitioners who would like to use this tool in Arabic-speaking patients.


Lithium ion conducting blend polymer electrolytes based on Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) doped with different concentrations of lithium bromide (LiBr) have been prepared by solution casting method. The prepared electrolytes have been characterized by XRD, FTIR, DSC and AC impedance techniques. The complex formation between the blend polymer, PVA-PVP and the salt, LiBr has been confirmed by XRD and FTIR analyses. It has been observed that the ionic conductivity of the doped blend polymer electrolyte increases as the salt concentration increases. The maximum ionic conductivity has been found to be 1.03×10 S cm for 70 PVA : 30 PVP : 0.25 M wt % LiBr sample at room temperature. Thermal behavior of the samples has been analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermo gravimetry techniques.


Seeing ethnography as a collaboration, the native as well as 'urban' researcher might have unique positions. This situation is highlighted in ethnographic film collaboration, especially since both the native or non-native collaborators can have their own version of ethnographic films. On the one hand, films made by non-indigenous filmmakers have greater potential to connect with outside audiences, as their more distanced position enable them "…to investigate cultural dynamics whose purposes and meanings are often less clear to the people who live within them than they are to outsiders" (Lempert, 2012, p. 39). On the other hand, indigenous filmmaker "…are in a better position than outside researcher-filmmakers when it comes to representing their own identities" (ibid, pp. 23–24). However, the dichotomy of insider and outsider is not always that simple. If the native filmmaker had attended film school, experienced life in different societies, and had portfolio of making a film that had been commissioned by media institutions, then he occupied a dual position, being simultaneously an insider and outsider. Compared to the non-indigenous filmmaker, they have more authorities in representing their own culture, and at the same time, they have objectivities that closer to those of the outsiders. The problem is that while film products offer clear credits for everyone involved in its production, the written academic products resulting from that collaboration belong only to the academics. These insider/outsider collaborators are the most valuable source in any form of ethnography. My main informants constantly giving me valuable insights, interpretations and analysis that made me wonder if I ever fail to credit them. This paper acts as a tribute to our main collaborators, informants, or fixers, exploring modern-day research situations, based on a filmmaking collaboration in the foot of Merapi, Central Java.


The distribution and proliferation among Oryza species of miniature Ping (mPing), the only miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) that is active in all organisms, were investigated through analysis of 78 accessions encompassing nine of the 10 genomic constitutions of the genus Oryza. The mPing family transposons, mPing, Ping, and Pong, were detected in only two of the AA genome species, Oryza sativa and its direct ancestor O. rufipogon, whereas the inactive rice MITE Kiddo was detected in the AA, BB, CC, BBCC and CCDD genome species. Furthermore, the insertion sites and copy numbers of mPing were considerably different among O. rufipogon accessions. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the O. rufipogon accessions used in this study could be grouped into four clusters which were not associated with the copy number of mPing or the presence of Ping. These results suggest that the mPing family was present in the ancestor of O. rufipogon and that mPing proliferated independently in each accession. Based on these results, one possible evolutionary history of the distribution and proliferation of mPing family in O. rufipogon is discussed.


The invention discloses a coordinate measuring machine with an image processing system. The coordinate measuring machine comprises a base which is used for placing a workpiece to be measured, two Y-axis supporting arms which can move on the base, a movable bridge which is fixedly arranged between the two supporting arms, an X-axis sliding block which is slideably connected with the movable bridge and a Z-axis component which is installed on the X-axis sliding block. The Z-axis component comprises a probe component which is slideably connected with the X-axis sliding block in a vertical direction. The probe component comprises a contact probe and a mini camera. The coordinate measuring machine additionally comprises an image processing device, a display peripheral which is used for feeding back the processed image and a plurality of panoramic cameras which respectively correspond to angles of view. The coordinate measuring machine with the image processing system has the beneficial effects that since the panoramic cameras are arranged, an operator can conveniently monitor the workpiece to be measured from all directions; and since the image obtained by the probe component is processed by the image processing device and then is fed back to the operator, the coordinate measuring machine is more convenient and easy to operate and the working efficiency is greatly improved.


After presenting the concepts and characteristics of the geological relic resources,the paper expounded the relationship between the geological relic resources and the sustainable development and its importance in social and economic sustainable development in our country.The paper also pointed out the problems in the exploitation,utilization and protection of geological relic resources in our country,and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to the problems.


Partial discharge (PD) detection of the gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) is an effective method for substation security. The GIS with three-phase construction is widely used for substations. The propagation characteristics of PD-induced ultra-high-frequency (UHF) signal in three-phase GIS is investigated in this study by time–frequency analysis method. The variation of peak-to-peak value (V pp) and cumulative energy, and especially the energy density in the time–frequency plane are used to represent the feature of the UHF signal. Furthermore, the different situation of the insulation defects and the detection point positions are compared, and the reason for the difference is explained as well. As a result, this study identified a novel method to determine the PD source position in the GIS with three-phase construction.


In other words then, if a machine is expected to be infallible , it cannot also be intelligent. Abstract In this note we introduce a proposal to provide a mechanism to deal with uncertainty in a PROLOG environment. The intent is that such a mechanism will enable experimental and comparative research on applications which need to deal with uncertainty. Such research is needed since the variety of uncertainty algebras is large, and it appears that no single algebra will satisfy all applications. Not having a right solution is not a reason to avoid the issue. The power of dealing with concepts, that is generalization over many instances, is a capability needed for decision-making, where one must deal with cases not yet instantiated and representable in the database as facts. In this note we rst motivate the need for having the capability to compute with uncertainty, and then discuss criteria for representation and manipulation of uncertainty. We then show and comment on a number of uncertainty measures that have been used in artiicial intelligence systems. The proposal is sketched in the nal section. We emphasize that such a proposal is not an attempt at a solution; such a goal would not only be overly ambitious but also raise questions at a completly diierent level, namely is the solution proven to be correct and complete? Instead, the goal is to provide a system tool that will enable other researchers to use uncertainty methods in their work, and test and assess alternative formulations. Uncertainty is a common feature of our knowledge. We can distinguish many aspects where knowledge is uncertain. A general classiication distinguishes object aspects that may be uncertain: structure, function, or behavior. Within this classiication many reasons and types of uncertainty can occur. Some candidates are: 1 We do not know a data value, it has not been provided. For example, we are not given the length of the road from the bridge to the restaurant. This simple instance is treated in attempts to develop a three-valued logic:


The static and dynamic relationships between the system actors and objects, but also the domain and business constraints must be taken into consideration in order to produce a consistent specification. Actual tools mainly support relationships and forget constraints. It is nevertheless necessary to have tools which enable to express and to validate them. In order to enable the validation of constraints, we propose to exploit the formal language power of reasoning. Our approach is based on the expression of the UML diagram and of its constraints in a formal language. We present here the translation of a subset of the UML class diagram and of its constraints into Z. The formal specifications obtained can be exploited to prove the consistency of the constraint set. But constraints can be taken into consideration efficiently only if tools support them. To facilitate this, we propose a tool which integrates constraints and automates the generation of Z formal specifications. The main point of this tool is that the whole modelling work should be done in the UML environment. The formal specifications are seen only when it is necessary. The tool could be based on an industrial UML modelling environment completed by forms containing the constraints. Key word : UML, constraints, OCL, Z, tool support


Recent successes of deep learning-based recognition rely on maintaining the content related to the main-task label. However, how to explicitly dispel the noisy signals for better generalization in a controllable manner remains an open issue. For instance, various factors such as identity-specific attributes, pose, illumination and expression affect the appearance of face images. Disentangling the identity-specific factors is potentially beneficial for facial expression recognition (FER). This chapter systematically summarize the detrimental factors as task-relevant/irrelevant semantic variations and unspecified latent variation. In this chapter, these problems are casted as either a deep metric learning problem or an adversarial minimax game in the latent space. For the former choice, a generalized adaptive (N+M)-tuplet clusters loss function together with the identity-aware hard-negative mining and online positive mining scheme can be used for identity-invariant FER. The better FER performance can be achieved by combining the deep metric loss and softmax loss in a unified two fully connected layer branches framework via joint optimization. For the latter solution, it is possible to equipping an end-to-end conditional adversarial network with the ability to decompose an input sample into three complementary parts. The discriminative representation inherits the desired invariance property guided by prior knowledge of the task, which is marginal independent to the task-relevant/irrelevant semantic and latent variations. The framework achieves top performance on a serial of tasks, including lighting, makeup, disguise-tolerant face recognition and facial attributes recognition. This chapter systematically summarize the popular and practical solution for disentanglement to achieve more discriminative visual recognition.


In his autobiography Christian Felix Weisse confesses to his friend Garve that he lacks the power of sustained independent thinking, that he finds himself unable to focus his mind upon a single point, and that he cannot concentrate upon a book sufficiently long to master its contents, to say nothing of viewing it as a whole. Such a statement, even though written in a moment of dejection, will naturally arouse our suspicions regarding Weisse's ability to pass judgment upon books.' While I was engaged in studies bearing upon Weisse, especially in his capacity as editor of the Bibliothek der sch6nen Wissenschaften, there came to my attention a matter which may throw additional light upon Weisse as an editor and a critic, as well as upon methods of reviewing books prevalent in his time. Nicolai, the founder of the Bibliothek (1757), had suddenly been compelled by the death of his elder brother to give up the editorship of his periodical, and to take charge of the well-known publishinghouse.2 After some negotiations, Weisse had been persuaded to continue the Bibliothek, the change going into effect after the fourth volume (1758). The new editor made a few changes in the scope of the magazine, the most important addition being in the nature of an article placed at the end of each number, entitled Vermischte Nachrichten. Under this heading we find information concerning new paintings and engravings in the various galleries of Europe, biographical notes of persons engaged in the fine arts or literature, and finally, an extensive collection of reviews of new English and French books of poetry, the drama, travel, history, landscape-gardening, etc.


This paper presents an efficient implementation of a well-known computational model for simulating lava flows on Graphical Processing Units (GPU) using the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) interface developed by NVIDIA. GPUs are specifically designated for efficiently processing graphic datasets. However, recently, they are also being exploited for achieving exceptional computational results even for applications not directly connected with the Computer Graphics field. We here show an implementation of the SCIARA Cellular Automata model for simulating lava flows on graphic processors using CUDA. Carried out experiments show that significant performance improvements are achieved, over a factor of 100, depending on the problem size, adopted device and type of performed memory optimization, confirming how graphics hardware can represent a valid solution for the implementation for Cellular Automata models.


There are very few surveys made in Sweden of dsipersal of Odonata (Ander 1944, Sahlen 1996) and especially in the agricultural landscape. In Europe on the whole, a small number of surveys are made. ...


Liquid crystals (LC) are highly nonlinear optical materials, which, due to their susceptible property, become active under even relatively low optical fields. Several nonlinear mechanisms investigated so far have revealed the promising characteristics of these materials. The difference in refractive indices, for fields polarized along, and perpendicular to, the director axis brings about a large birefringence property from the visible to the infrared spectral regime. This property presents an opportunity for various applications [1]. Director axis reorientation-based effects causing a change of refractive index and observations of several interesting dynamic and storage wave-mixing effects have been extensively studied so far [1–5]. Compared with others, LC based systems require lower characteristic voltages to be applied for the realization of molecular gratings and relatively lower light power for efficient modulation of the refractive index. It is experimentally proved that doping with a small amount of dye decreases the required threshold of molecular reorientation even further in LC materials. This phenomenon has potential applications such as holographic data storage. Fullerene doped LC systems have also been studied for similar purposes [6, 7]. This work concentrates on the co-usage of a dye and fullerene at the same time, so that an efficient reorientation process could be experienced. In dye-doped samples, light–molecule interaction could take place by different mechanisms, depending on the type of the dye. Although details of these mechanisms are not in the scope of this work, photo–excited dopants bring about the formation of space-charge complexes and their induced fields force the molecules to reorient by enhancing the photoconductivity. Indeed, the effect of fullerene on the reorientation process is explained by this approach [6, 7, 11]. Our work exploits this mechanism with the fullerene component, while absorbance-based reorientation is also at work with the dye component in the structure of the same system.


Héna Maes Jelinek died on July 8, 2008. With her death one of the founding mothers of the study of Commonwealth Literature and, later, Postcolonial studies in Europe left us. I write this obituary both as a fellow academic in the field of Postcolonial studies and as a friend. This journal article is available in Kunapipi: http://ro.uow.edu.au/kunapipi/vol30/iss2/3


The paper discusses two issues involved in reduction of the vectocardiogram's data volume. The fundamental novelty of our approach is the processing of the spherical coordinates (magnitude, latitude and longitude) instead of Cartesian (XYZ) signal representation. The quantization of the angular values at different levels and the resulting distortions of main recording segments are studied at the beginning. Next, the spectral representations of the angular values were investigated with a special attention to the energy distribution. Finally, two decimation stages were applied together with the quantization aiming at finding the compromise between the resulting data rate and the distortion coefficients for particular signal segments. Every our outcome is supported by the numerical experiment carried out with use of a real VCG data. Further considerations for the implementation of the compression algorithm terminate the paper. Main advantage of the method is the possible use of custom-defined compression profiles. An example profile yields the compression ratio 3,2 and distortion level of 17,2% (in loops 5,8%).


In this paper we present a method that allows removing bony structures and calcifications from CT angiography (CTA) data. It relies on two data sets, one with (CA) and one without (NCA) contrast agent. In contrast to current approaches, the algorithm uses local rigid matching of each single object. Therefore, it allows compensating motion of the patient during acquisition. Furthermore, the method uses a highly accurate surface-matching procedure so that local mismatches can be as small as 3 voxels and therefore even arteries near the bone are mostly separated correctly. The overall system requires about 20 minutes on a Pentium 4 2.4 GHz with 1 GByte RAM for a 700 MByte data set (CA+NCA) and is currently used in the clinic for evaluation purposes.


S. M. Gersten Abstract. Homological Dehn functions over R and over Z are introduced to measure minimal fillings of integral 1-cycles by (real or integral) 2-chains in the Cayley 2complex of a finitely presented group. If the group G is the fundamental group of a finite graph of finitely presented vertex-groups Hv and finitely generated edge-groups, then there is a formula for an isoperimetric function (for genus 0 fillings) for G in terms of the real homological Dehn function for G and the (genus 0) Dehn functions for the Hv . Hierarchies of groups are introduced in which an isoperimetic function is determined by a formula in terms of the real homological Dehn function. In such a hierarchy the word problem is one of homological algebra. All 1-relator groups are in such a hierarchy. Applications are given to the generalized word problem (a.k.a. membership or Magnus problem) and to a homolgical determination of distortion.


This paper handles the experience with ultra high frequency (UHF) partial discharge (PD) detection during on-site testing of GIS. A typical PD monitoring system is described. The Cigre sensitivity verification for the UHF method is explained with reference to a test section of a GIS. Examples of PD events from on-site testing are given and discussed in terms of risk assessment. A new procedure for risk assessment of free moving particles by detection of PD bursts is introduced. During on-site testing the conditioning process on GIS can be made visible and evaluated with the help of UHF PD detection.


The pertinent factors in levitation heating and melting of tungsten are discussed. The benefits to be derived from conducting purification processes in space environments are analyzed. It was determined that the following advantages would be realized: (1) crucibleless heating and melting, (2) vacuum and/or inert gas purification, and (3) control of grain size through supercooling.


The under-achievement of the construction industry indicates an urgent need for improving existing processes and working practices. Innovation, which might be described as the impact of new methods, services or products on the environment, is generally accepted as the key to unlocking the sector's potential. This has been the contention of many studies and reports. Despite this large potential, the construction industry and organisations in general, continue to have problems innovating effectively. Organisations largely experiment in innovation, without making a sustained effort to incorporate it within their business. The low level of implementation and adoption of new ideas in construction calls for further investigation of impediments to innovation. To enable the determination of strategies to reduce or remove barriers to innovation, a review of relevant literature has been carried out. This reveals the nature of innovation and establishes a conceptual framework. It also identifies generic factors affecting the adoption of innovation and informs research into barriers to innovation in construction.


Let $K$ be an imaginary quadratic field, and fix a prime $p>3$ that does not divide the class number of $K$. In this paper we prove that Iwasawa's $\lambda$-invariant for the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of $K$ is greater than $1$ if and only if the number of points on a certain reduced elliptic curve is divisible by $p^2$.


Contemporary college students are at an important stage of self-identity improvement. The rise of the Internet has provided a new way of self-identity for college students. In this paper, we analyse the double influence of online media on the self-identity of college students, and give suggestions for the construction of positive self-identity of


A one-pot reaction of Boc-protected amino alcohols and 2-sulfobenzoic anhydride followed by the addition of a wide variety of primary amines has allowed rapid access to diverse libraries of amidosulfonates 1,2-C6H4(SO3–)(COCHR1CH2NH2+R2) (R1 = Bn, iPr, Ph; R2 = aryl, CHMePh, 1-adamantyl), of which two examples have been characterised by X-ray crystallography. These reactions proceed by SN2 opening of unisolated oxazoline intermediates. The amidosulfonates have been converted to imidazolinium sulfonate zwitterions (N-heterocyclic carbene precursors) in a two-step process, which involved reduction with BH3·SMe2 and cyclisation with HC(OEt)3. Two examples (R1 = Bn, R2 = 2,6-iPrC6H3 and R1 = iPr, R2 = 3,5-Me2C6H3) have been crystallographically characterised, the latter as a PF6 salt. The imidazolinium sulfonate zwitterions (1 mol-%) catalysed additions of RMgBr (R = alkyl) to (E)-ArC(R)=CHCH2Br (R = H, Me). Additions to cinnamyl bromides showed high γ (SN2′) selectivity (up to 18.4:1) and provided significantly enantiomerically enriched products (up to 82 % ee).


Introduction and Objective: Calcium oxalate constitutes around 60%, mixed calcium oxalate and hydroxyapatite 20%; and brushite 2%. Both uric acid and struvite stones are seen in 10%. The male to female ratio is found to be 3:1. Peak incidence is seen in 4 th to 6 th decade. Objective of this study is to study the variation of stone composition according to gender and age in this region. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study a total of 150 patients, who were being operated for renal stone disease, were analysed for calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) , calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD), carbonate apatite (CA), uric acid containing stones (U) and magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP). Gender and age were taken as the demographic variables with which stone composition are being statistically compared. Results: Male to female ratio was 2.75:1. Mean age at presentation was 42.89 years. Composition according to gender are COM (M-58%, F-62%), COD (M-22.27%, F21.25%), Uric acid stones (M13%, F4.5%), CA (M6.55%, F11%) and MAP (M0.18%, F0). Relative percentage of stone composition varied in different age groups. COM decreased with age, urate increased with age and carbonate apatite remained the same. The incidences of stone composition in male patients among the various age groups showed that COM slightly decreased with age and uric acid component increased with age. Conclusion: The variation in stone composition according to gender in this study was not statistically significant. However, the stone composition (Calcium oxalate, uric acid and carbonate apatite) varied significantly with age.


Ae. Uniaristata cytoplasm wheat male sterile (CMS) lines U401,U402,U8567,U513,Ae. Kotschyi CMS lines K401,K402,K8567,K513 and their maintainer lines A401,A402,A8567,A513,were crossed with 10 common wheat lines respectively. The agronomy characters, fertility restoration and maintaining relationship, as well as haploid frequency of the F 1 hybrids and their parents were investigated. The results indicated: ① Compared with A type and K type cytoplasm, U type cytoplasm had no significant negative effect on agronomicy characters. ② U type cytoplasm hybrid had higher germination rate than that of K type cytoplasm. ③ U type cytoplasm probably had stronger resistante to powdery mildew than the K type cytoplasm.④ The relationship of restoration and maintaining to that of Ae. Uniaristata CMS line almost was identical to that of (K type)Ae. Kotschyi CMS line, but some difference still existed between the two types of CMS lines. The fertility restoration of U type CMS line was more difficult and easily affected by the factors of climate. ⑤ U type cytoplasm caused higher haploid frequency than K type. the interaction between nuclei and cytoplasm was significant.


Green nanotechnology is an emerging technology that uses nanomaterials to enhance sustainability by using cost-effective and environment-friendly lab-on-a-chip devices capable of analyzing different types of biomolecules and this will promote the use of interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) as the primary source of biosensing, however, further development is needed to achieve the economically feasible large-scale production of value-added devices. In this work, Cu2CdSnS4 (CCTS) nanostructures have been synthesized using ultrasonic and deposited on Si/SiO2 substrate by using sol-gel method and under annealing temperature; 400 °C. Optical properties of CCTS were explored using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Silver (Ag) IDEs have been fabricated as a metal contact on Si/SiO2/CCTS substrate using a physical vapor deposition and hard mask. Electrical properties of the fabricated IDEs are further evaluated as a function of voltage and frequency. Our device requires simple equipment's and skills to fabricate, and it is suitable for use in handheld portable devices. It has many features such as low cost, low-power consumption, rapid response, real-time monitoring and label-free detection. The proposed IDEs in this study can be used in subsequent studies to develop a biological sensor based on a non-toxic material capable of detecting different types of biomolecules.


The PIPO-FE and VIBIC finite-element computer codes, developed and updated over the past 30 years, are used to calculate heat exchanger tube flow-induced vibration (FIV) response. PIPO-FE includes a linear forced-vibration analysis of heat exchanger tubes subjected to all major flow-induced excitation mechanisms, namely fluidelastic instability, random turbulence-induced excitation and periodic wake shedding. VIBIC is for both linear and non-linear transient dynamic simulations of heat exchanger tubes. When used to simulate a tube with clearance supports (non-linear case), VIBIC calculates tube wear work-rates to aid in the prediction of tube fretting-wear damage. All the excitation mechanisms included in PIPO-FE analyses can be simulated in VIBIC. In addition, VIBIC can model friction forces between a tube and its supports, squeeze film forces produced by the resistance of the fluid opposing the relative motion of the tube and supports, and constant loads. An important application of these codes is the analysis of the susceptibility of a heat exchanger tube to vibration damage. These codes may be used at the design stage to assess a new heat exchanger, or during the operational stage to investigate a tube failure and determine if the damage was caused by vibration. If a vibration problem exists, then the codes can be used to assess the effectiveness of any proposed design modifications. To properly assess tube vibration damage, the codes must predict vibration response accurately. This paper documents the validation process of code predictions against measurements from three flow-induced vibration experiments conducted at Chalk River Laboratories: 1. A single-span cantilever tube bundle subjected to two-phase air-water cross flow; 2. A single-span cantilever tube bundle subjected to single- and two-phase Freon cross flow; and 3. A single-span U-bend tube bundle subjected to single-phase water and two-phase air-water partial cross flow. PIPO-FE and VIBIC code predictions for fluidelastic instability ratio and the response to random turbulence-induced excitation are compared to each other for each of these three experiments. The predictions from the two codes are in good agreement. In addition, the predictions for frequency, damping ratio, fluidelastic instability ratio and the response to random turbulence-induced excitation from both codes are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results.© 2002 ASME


This present research was aimed at studying the adsorption characteristics of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions onto two samples of low-cost, cocoa shell-based activated Original Research Article British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 4(36): 5021-5044, 2014 5022 carbons (CSBAC) using the batch adsorption mode. Activated carbon samples were obtained by chemical treatment via pyrolysis using phosphoric acid (PAA) and potassium hydroxide (PHA) as activation agent. Findings from the studies unveiled a pH at zeropoint charge (pHzpc) of 7.0 and 5.9 for PAA and PHA samples respectively. Contact time of 35 minutes for PAA and 15 minutes for PHA at pHmax = 4 by 0.1 g were observed. Optimum adsorption quantities were 62.2 mg/g for PAA and 42.2 mg/g for PHA for an initial metal ion concentration of 2400 ppm. The Langmuir model for PHA and Freundlich model for PAA best described the adsorption of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution. The two CSBAC samples both obeyed pseudo-second order kinetics. Generally, these results indicate that CSBAC can be used as an effective and low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu (II) ions from aqueous solutions.


The proximal average operator provides a parametric family of convex functions that continuously transform one convex function into another even when the domains of the two functions do not intersect. We prove that the proximal average operator is a homotopy with respect to the epi-topology, study its properties, and present several explicit formulas for specific classes of functions. The parametric family inherits desirable properties such as differentiability and strict convexity from the given functions. The results illustrate the powerful tools available in convex and variational analysis from both a theoretical and a computational point of view.


Objective:To study the differences in brain activation to different emotional stimuli in poly-victimed(PV) female students with or without posttraumatic stress symptom(PTSS).Methods:Totally 1802 college students were screened with the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire(JVQ) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checkist-Civilian Version(PCL-C).Fifteen students with JVQ total score≥5,JVQ module score≥3,and PCL-C total score ≥38 were divided into PV with PTSS group,15 with JVQ total score≥5,JVQ module score≥3,and PCL-C total score 38 were divided into PV without PTSS group,and 15 with JVQ total score=0 and PCL-C total score 38 were as healthy controls.The age and intelligence(assessed with the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices) of these three groups were matched.Ail the participants had been scanned with functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) on three occasions based on block-design,during which positive,neutral and negative affective visual stimuli from the International Affective Picture System(IAPS) were presented.The Spm8 software was used to examine the fMRI data.Results:Compared with control group,PV without PTSS group had stronger activation in bilateral superior frontal gyrus(BA9),right inferior frontal gyrus(BA 47),and left anterior cingulate(BA 24832) in positive emotion processing,and stronger activation in right middle frontal gyrus(BA 46),left cingulate cortex and insula in negative emotion processing.Compared with PV with PTSS group,PV without PTSS group showed increased activation in right superior frontal gyrus(BA6),middle frontal gyrus(BA 10),left superior frontal gyrus(BA10),inferior frontal gyrus(BA 9) and insula,and decreased activation in precuneus in recogniting positive pictures,and increased activation in middle occipital gyrus(BA19) and decreased activation in right anterior cingulate(BA10),left medial frontal gyrus(BA9) and anterior cingulate(BA32) in the recognition of negative pictures.Conclusions:It suggests that poly-victimed female youth without posttraumatic stress symptom show abnormal pattern of emotional processing,which may be expressed in the increased activation in prefrontal cortex,anterior cingulate and insula.The abnormality of prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate is more severe in the recognition of negative emotion among those with posttraumatic stress symptom.


Aim:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of percataneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusions. Methods:From May 2000 to Sep 2002, 298 patients were treated by PCI in our hospital (emergency PTCA was not included in this study),and 24 of them had chronic total occlusions(CTO). Results:A total of 24 patients with 26 CTO were analyzed in this study. The success rates for CTO were 80.8%. The factors which influenced the success rate were time of occlusion,the extent of vessel tortuousness before the occlusion and existence of bridge collateral vessel. Conclusion:PCI therapy for CTO, with very high success rate, is an important and safe revascularization method.


-FMCG is a product purchased for average consumption. The purpose of this study was to identify consumers through FMCG's online shopping application. In this study, we adopted sub-areas to achieve the set goals. A sample of 200 respondents in total was selected from Nagpur using the expedient sampling method. The data was collected using a structured survey created from extensive literature reviews. The data were analysed using statistical techniques such as SPSS exploratory factor analysis, correlation, and descriptive statistical tests. The results showed that exploratory factor analysis produced a total of four factors. These are identified as brand names, product details, price recognition, and general recognition. In addition, demographic variables have been shown to produce inducing factors that support FMCG consumption. This survey helped identify and investigate consumers' online shopping applications in FMCG. Findings may be useful online shopping is a valuable resource for important consumers who purchase their products. Online shopping is more valuable to consumers. Consumer buying behaviour finds online or e-grocery shopping time-consuming and monetary also beneficial. However, consumers buying behaviour is somewhat different for Regular grocery product purchases through e-grocery portals and online applications. Various Factors Supporting Fast-moving Consumer Goods Online Applications were studied during this process. Offering products via the internet is affecting the traditional "bricks and mortar" retail structure. But, as selling online products is not successful for all types of articles, not all retail branches are affected similarly by internet sales. Groceries are still a niche in online trading but are expected to grow fast in this era of the internet.


My name is Andrzej Gorski and I am one of the directors of the Pewex company. I don't have to explain to Polish people what the company is, but for the benefit of people who are in Poland for the first time, I'll explain something of the company.


The two-dimension numerical simulation of wrecked ship's oil spill was carried out by Fluent to explore the motion law of wrecked ship's oil spill and variation tendency of spill velocity and volume.The free interfaces were traced by the volume of fluid(VOF) method.The transport and diffusion of oil spill could be simulated dynamically.Results show that the oil spills from the tank together with air at initial stage,and the spill velocity reaches to the highest one instantaneously and then follows by a short-term fluctuation.At final stage,the oil spills together with water and the spill velocity tends to zero.The spilled volume increases gradually with lapse of time,but the increasing degree decreased gradually.Experiment on oil spill indicates that the simulation results match well with the experimental results,which show that the proposed two-dimension numerical model is feasible.


Among the different receiver architectures which are able to cope with the multiple access interference (MAI) impediments, the decorrelator structure based on linear filtering is a good potential solution since it leads to a near-far resistant algorithm in CDMA systems with a moderate complexity. However, since, the ideal asynchronous decorrelator requires the observation of the entire input bit sequence, it is not suitable for practical applications. In this paper, we propose some methods using correction for both edges of the finite observed window.


Publisher Summary In the past, most of the waste of the food processing industry has been used as landfill or has been fed to farm animals. Recent changes in the legislative framework, which have been enacted as a response to various food safety incidences such as the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) crisis, have forced the food industry to reconsider recycling practices. However, at the present time, increasing attention is being paid to the concept of sustainability. As a consequence, this issue is becoming increasingly important to the food industry and other food producers. This chapter discusses some of the consumer issues relevant to sustainable production and recycling food waste into the food chain. It takes into account the factors driving consumer attitudes toward novel food products. The consumers are not just interested in sustainability but also in food safety, food quality, and a number of other issues, for example, emotional responses to novel foods, which may arise as a consequence of food reprocessing. In this way, consumer attitudes toward reprocessed food products have become a key driver to improve waste management in food processing. In considering the issue of food-waste recycling as an integral part of the food chain, some key questions regarding consumer attitudes to resultant novel products need to be asked. These include questions about the understanding of how the public conceptualizes sustainability and whether that differs from expert views regarding sustainable food production practices. It is also important to understand how the beliefs and attitudes relate to the consumption of specific foods and food products.


Introduction: Dust is ubiquitous on Mars and is constantly altering the appearance of both the atmosphere and surface. Aside from modifying the overall look of the planet, dust plays a key role in a variety of atmospheric and surface processes. While the atmosphere of Mars typically contains dust throughout the year, atmospheric dust load varies considerably from season to season. The amount of dust in the atmosphere influences the degree to which solar and infrared radiation are absorbed and scattered, controlling the atmospheric temperature of Mars and thus global circulation patterns [1]. Globally, it is estimated that 2.9× 10 kg/yr of dust is exchanged between the surface and atmosphere of Mars [2], making dust transport one of the most dynamic and prevalent geological processes occurring on present-day Mars. The observed Martian dust cycle depends heavily on the availability of mobile dust particles at the surface [3]. Dust is currently deposited uniformly throughout the equatorial region at a rate of ∼ 40 μm/global storm, but over geologic timescales, the rate of accumulation may vary from 0 to 250 μm/yr due to changes in atmospheric conditions produced by orbital variations [4]. Dust deposited during global dust storms is generally observed to be removed from only dark, high thermal inertia regions, thus resulting in a net accumulation of dust in bright, low thermal inertia regions. Surface dust deposits are known to exist on Mars in at least the three low thermal inertia regions of Arabia, Tharsis, and Elysium [4]. Observational estimates of deposition rates in these regions range from a few to almost 50 μm/yr [5], assuming the dust was deposited uniformly.


Yi Bai-sha, an outstanding scholar during the May 4th period, was very active at that time and made a lot of contributions. In order to enforce this study, this paper discusses his ideology systematically in three aspects, i.e. his cultural , political and philosophical ideology.