Since the concept of dynamic capabilities was first introduced by Teece and his collaborators(1997) many studies have been conducted to further clarify the concept and its underpinnings.Zollo and Winter(2002) defined a dynamic capability as "a learned and stable pattern of collective activity through which the organization systematically generates and modifies its operating routines in pursuit of improved effectiveness".This definition distinguishes dynamic capabilities from operational capabilities,but suggests that,like operational capabilities,dynamic capabilities consist of patterned organizational behaviors,i.e.organizational behavioral routines.The question is that if so what the difference between them is.The present paper proposed that the stable pattern in and the determinant of dynamic capabilities were not behavioral routines but cognitive representations.Specifically speaking,on the one hand proper cognitive representations contributed to the improvement of dynamic capabilities;on the other hand behavioral routines without proper cognitive representations impeded the development of dynamic capabilities.In order to test the propositions a game called "Transform The Target" with 9 cards for 3 players(the original game) and its variant(the variant game) were introduced as experimental tasks.An experimental design with 2(with or without cognitive representations) × 2(original game or variant game) between-subject factors was adopted.A total of 240 students participated in the experiment,every 3 students formed a team to play two rounds of the game,each of which consisted of 20 hands and must be completed within 25 minutes.According to whether they were informed of the problem space or not and whether they were asked to play the original or variant game in the first round,the 80 teams were divided into 4 blocks and were asked to play their respective games.In the second round all teams were asked to play the variant game.The average move time per hand and the strategy or path in the problem space they took were used as the indicators to measure behavioral routines.The rate of transfer from the capabilities learned from the original game in the first round to the variant game in the second round was used as the indicator to measure dynamic capabilities.The analyses of the whole processes of some typical hands of the games played by some typical teams were also used to gather the detailed information of behavioral routines.The numerical data were analyzed by the use of repeated measures of ANOVA.The results showed that while proper cognitive representations contributed to the improvement of dynamic capabilities,behavioral routines without proper cognitive representations impeded the development of dynamic capabilities.To put it briefly,the determinant of dynamic capabilities was cognitive representations but not behavioral routines.These results marked a breakthrough in the study of dynamic capabilities,wherein the orthodox view was that the stable pattern in and the determinant of dynamic capabilities were behavioral routines.This breakthrough opened up new areas for the academic studies of dynamic capabilities,for example,the studies of the nature,function,structure and measurement of dynamic capabilities.And it also provided new thinking for the firms and other organizations in the real world to develop their dynamic capabilities.


With the method of variable transformations,a new integral condition and its generalization of Riccati differential equation have been obtained.These results extend intgvrae condition of Riccati differential eguation,and some conclusions about integrability of Riccati differential equation published in the past are also contained.


To address the problem of pill defect recognition, we propose to apply capsule neural network for pill defect recognition. The effects of dynamic routing iteration rounds and different compression function constant term schemes on the performance of the capsule neural network are investigated in the context of small data sets, and the model effects are verified experimentally. The experimental results show that both the number of dynamic routing iteration rounds and different compression function constant term schemes can affect the performance of the capsule neural network, and it is essential to choose an appropriate scheme in the process of training the model. The capsule neural network is found to be suitable for the field of pill defect recognition through experiments. CCS CONCEPTS • Computing methodologies∼Visual content-based indexing


A compact microstrip lowpass filter with a stepped impedance hairpin resonator is proposed. New filter has been designed, simulated and analysed to achieve wide stop band, low return loss, minimal transition band and small size. The cut off frequency is 2 GHz, return loss is better than -20 dB at 0.8 GHz. This compact lowpass filter with sharp cut off frequency response and broad stopband better than -15 dB should be useful in many wireless communication systems. Keywords— Lowpass filter; step impedance hairpin resonator; stopband range INTRODUCTION ICROWAVE lowpass filters (LPFs) with the demand for compact size, low insertion loss, sharp transition, and wide stopband are highly desirable in wireless communication systems to suppress harmonic and spurious signals. Since resonators are the basic components of planar filters, it is key to select a proper resonator type. In order to decrease the size of resonators, planar resonators have been studied for many years, such as stepped impedance resonators [1,5] To obtain a sharp cutoff frequency and wide stopband response, most conventional filters need more sections, but increasing the number of sections also increases the size of the filters and insertion loss [4]. The conventional low-impedance stubs are replaced by radial stubs to realize a wide stopband rejection. A filter prototype has been designed, fabricated and measured to verify the validity of the proposed technique [1]. In [1] the stepped impedance hairpin resonator (SIHR) was first introduced to design lowpass filters (LPFs), but it has problem about wide stopband. In [3,5] both single hairpin resonators with additional line and cascades of stepped impedance hairpin resonators were used but sizes isn't suitable for a small filter because of use more resonators. In [4], a compact structure with two transmission zeros is used by tap-connecting the Corresponding author : M. Samadbeik (firstname.lastname@example.com). 1 Mahya Samadbeik, Electrical Engineering Department, saveh Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran (firstname.lastname@example.com). 2 Behrooz Fathi Ganji, Electrical Engineering Department, Lorestan University, Kamalvand, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran (firstname.lastname@example.com). 3 Abbas Ramezani, Electrical Engineering Department, Lorestan University, Kamalvand, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran (firstname.lastname@example.com). stepped-impedance hairpin unit with an interdigital structure to introduce internal coupling between the two low-impedance sections to achieve wide stopband and sharp cut off frequency. The radial stub has intrinsic wide stopband parameter, as demonstrated in [5,6]. In [7] A compact lowpass filter using a stepped impedance hairpin resonator with radial stubs is designed and its result is good in size of filter but the wide stopband is limited, the return loss is about -12 dB, the sharp cut off frequency is about 0.7. In this paper, the conventional step-impedance hairpin resonator by radial stubs are changed to realize a wide stopband rejection, sharp transition, low insertion loss, lower return loss and keep its size small.


An unprecedented stereospecific allylation reaction of nitroacetates with enantioenriched primary allylic amines has been developed. A range of nitroacetates smoothly underwent allylation with enantioenriched primary allylic amines in the presence of a palladium catalyst and boric acid followed by one-pot decarboxylation to afford structurally diverse homoallylic nitro compounds in good to excellent yields with excellent retention of configuration. On the other hand, the allylation followed by denitronation provided a facile synthetic route to optically active β-chiral γ,δ-unsaturated esters.


Erin Mee's anthology of contemporary Indian drama is a most welcome addition to the available literature on Asian theatre. America's most popular image of an "Indian" character today is probably Apu, the immigrant owner of the all-American, Kwik-E-Mart convenience store in Matt Groening's animated television series "The Simpsons." On the other hand, we have in Erin Mee's new collection six Indian plays, written in the last fifteen years, that offer considerable insight, not only into the aesthetics of successful, contemporary Indian dramatists, but also into the unique and universal concerns of that subcontinent today. Mee's informative introduction notes that India, the largest and most populous democracy in the world, and one of the world's most culturally diverse countries, has twenty-six states, each with its own political and social history, performing art traditions, and language. Inevitably then, the works chosen can only begin to represent the range of dramatic styles and issues of concern in India today. Moreover, the linguistic dynamics of the original Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, and Marathi texts are largely lost in translation. Mee's choice of plays is also less than catholic; wary of "light entertainment for the urban elite" (p. 4) and "mindless fluff" (p. 5), Mee has a predilection for works that relate closely to Indian social movements, including the theatre of roots, women's theatre, street performances, and dalit sahitya, o r literature of the oppressed. First and foremost is dharma defiance, or willful transgression of the rules, punished with family vengeance as seen in Girish Karnad's magnificent The Fire and the Rain, in which a husband slits his wife's throat, and in the surreal Aramba Chekkan by Kavalam Narayana Panikkar, with its wonderful closing stage direction: "The WILD ANIMALS enter and pounce on him. He tries to escape them but is caught and torn to pieces. The lights fade slowly. We hear [the madman]'s laughter" (p. 110). Both of these works are of the "theatre of roots" genre. In the desolate women's theatre piece, Rudali by Usha Ganguli, the women's impoverished lives are filled with cow dung and head lice, and their only employment is as rudali, women who must weep and wail and beat their breasts over rotting corpses at funerals for their livelihood. Tripurari Sharma developed The Wooden Cart collectively out of theatre workshops based on social issues and local problems. This rambunctious work presents a world of prostitutes and bullock carts, and comes out of the street theatre tradition. Here is a world where everyone at all levels is on the take; even the lepers are persecuted for the putrid stench of their rotting flesh. Mahesh Dattani's bleak Tara finds Dan and Tara, fifteen-year-olds in London, with noticeable limps; originally conjoined twins with three legs, they now sport artificial limbs on Book Reviews 383


AbstractThe "optimal" speedup of an explicit and unconditionally stable time-domain method, without sacrificing accuracy, is the ratio of the time step required by accuracy to the time step determined by stability. In this work, by significantly accelerating the explicit time-marching-based revealing of the stable modes for any given time step, it is demonstrated that it is feasible to achieve a more than optimal speedup.


Summary Correlations between age and naturally occurring anti-A and anti-B antibodies were determined in a comparative study carried out on blood samples from 378 Bellevue Hospital patients ranging in age from 15 to 98 yr. Of this total, 90 persons were 70 or more years of age. Decrements in anti-A and anti-B antibody titers were correlated with increasing age. Discrepancies between direct and reverse techniques for ABO typing could be accounted for by loss of anti-A and anti-B immunoglobulin in senescent persons. Such losses will result in a failure of performance of reverse ABO typing which depends upon the presence of circulating anti-A and anti-B antibodies. In these circumstances, confirmation of ABO type may be achieved by repeating the direct or red cell type using an alternate source of reagent anti-A and anti-B typing sera.


The pharmacy education academy lost a dear colleague and friend when Dr. George H. Cocolas died at the age of 87 on December 19, 2016. Dr. Cocolas served as the fifth editor of the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education ( AJPE ) from 1980-2002. He was a key figure in establishing the


The FERMI FEL-2 undulator line, normally operated in the double stage high gain harmonic generation with the fresh bunch (HGHG-FB) has been temporarily modified to allow operating the FEL in the Echo Enabled Harmonic Generation (EEHG) scheme. An increase of the dispersion in the delay-line was required together with a replacement of the second stage modulator allowing the electron beam to resonantly interact with a second seed laser. Another critical component of the EEHG setup is a new manipulator installed in the delay-line chicane and hosting additional diagnostic components. In this work we describe in some detail these new components that allowed a successful demonstration of the EEHG beam modulation at harmonics as high as 10


New pharmacy curricula include content that equip students with a bundle of professional and interpersonal skills that allows the provision of evidence‐based patient‐centred pharmaceutical care (PC). PC has been adopted as a practise model underpinning these new roles for pharmacists in developed countries. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that countries in the Middle East/North Africa (MENA) region have been relatively slow in including PC in pharmacy education. There seems to be a need to more accurately describe the extent to which PC is included in pharmacy education in the MENA region. The objective of this systematic review was (a) to determine the status of PC education in schools and colleges of pharmacy in the MENA region and (b) to identify pharmacy students' and/or educators' perceptions and attitudes towards PC, preparedness level to PC provision and perceived barriers to implement this practise model in countries of the MENA region.


Summary School-aged adolescents spend much of their time in school. As a result, it is important for mental health practitioners who work with adolescents to address their clients' educational concerns and risks. Based on data "mined" from an adolescent intake questionnaire (Adquest), this study explores how adolescents view their educational life and their need to address educational risks clinically. Likewise, the world of work, also important to adolescents, is discussed. Overall, adolescents are concerned about their educational risk factors, want to be employed, and want to talk about both with clinicians in a mental health context.


The competitive employment situation exerts great pressure on college students.Recently a number of students committed suicide because of the difficulties encountered in employment,which caused a lot of attention.The contemporary employment situation makes salient the deficiency of college education on employment crisis and calls for the construction of college education system on employment crisis.It is imperative to add college education on employment crisis to current education system,which aims to help college students understand employment crisis.It is also necessary to strengthen the mental health education about job hunting and to construct a college education system on employment crisis in accordance with the patterns of physical and mental development of college students.


We investigated the impact of field plate of PLDMOS in thick film SOI with due consideration to gate field which is connected to gate electrode. SOI PLDMOS is employed in the level shifters and multi-output stage in scan driver for PDP. We have simulated the current capability, the saturate current of gate field plate(GFP) structure has obtained about 30% larger than source field plate(SFP), and has better thermal effects. GFP structure in our fabricated IC is experimentally realized with the device width of 1200μm, the current drivability can reach 400mA in output stage.


The scale deposit on the Experimental Boiling Water Reactor fuel plates can be removed by slurry honing the plates with an abrasive-water mixture. Problems inherent in any production operation of this type are discussed. Areas of continued investigation of the method are suggested. (auth)


Abstract : The overriding objective of this research was to reduce hazardous drinking in a military sample by implementing two motivational interventions and comparing them to a treatment-as-usual (substance abuse awareness seminar) condition. Personnel referred to the Air Force Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment (ADAPT) program as the result of an alcohol incident or who were self-referred were consented and then randomly assigned to one of three interventions: (1) group motivational interviewing (GMI), (2) individual motivational interviewing (IMI), or (3) a substance abuse awareness seminar (SAAS) group. Participants provided data regarding drinking and related problems at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months following the baseline. Analyses focused on (1) determining the effectiveness of the interventions in reducing alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, (2) testing factors that may mediate or moderate responses to the interventions, and (3) determining the cost of treatment. Results indicated that the IMI was the most effective in reducing substance use. In addition, the average implementation costs were highest for SAAS ($148 per client), followed by IMI ($84) and GMI ($70). Finally, increased heavy episodic drinking at baseline predicted a more negative outcome at 3-month follow-up.


BACKGROUND
The B-Lite® lightweight breast implant (LWBI), weighs ~ 30% less than traditional silicone implants, while maintaining an equivalent size, form and function. The LWBI thus places less stress on breast tissues, preserves tissue stability and integrity over time, reducing weight-related complications and reoperation rates.

OBJECTIVES
To assess the long-term (over 5 year) safety and performance of the LWBI in primary and revision augmentation procedures.

METHODS
Retrospective single-center, single surgeon analysis of prospectively collected data, was performed on 827 consecutive primary and revision augmentation patients operated between December 2013 and January 2019. 1653 implants (250-835 cc, mostly round, textured, extra high-profile) were implanted using standard surgical techniques. Direct physician-to-patient follow-up ranged from 6 to 67 months. Chart data on reoperations and overall complications as well as patient and surgeon satisfaction, were analyzed.

RESULTS
The 5 year Per Patient Kaplan-Meier reoperation free rate was very high (97.1%). Only 2 out of 5 total cases of capsular contracture grade III required reoperation (KM rate 0.2%, CI- 0.1-1.0). No cases of rupture or BIA-ALCL were recorded. 94.9% of patients rated the aesthetic outcome, and 95.5% of patients rated the natural look and feel of their breasts, at 4-5 (Satisfied-Very Satisfied). Similarly, the surgeon rated 4-5 on 95.4% of the patients' aesthetic outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS
The extremely favorable safety profile, high patient and surgeon satisfaction, and inherent benefits of reduced weight, in the largest known study of B-Lite® implant surgeries, should make the LWBI a strongly considered strategic alternative to traditional implants.


On the base of the study of The Construction Quality Control Standards of Cement Stabilized Gravel,this paper has introduced the key control points in the construction progress of cement stabilized grain base and sub-base,deeply discussed cement stabilized aggregates base and sub-base's indicators and their influencing factors,such as strength index,compactness index,roughness and thickness index.The research results of this paper have provided the test methods reference for the measured projects in the construction,so as to ensure the construction quality of cement stabilized gravel base and sub-base.


Knowledge graph entity typing aims to find relevant types for a given entity, which has numerous applications such as link prediction, knowledge graph completion and entity disambiguation. Personalized PageRank (PPR) is a well-known relevance measure that can be used for finding relevant types. However, it utilizes the contextual structure for measuring relevance scores, and the semantics of different relations are not considered enough, which is insufficient for accurately typing entities as the connections via the underlying semantics are neglected. In this paper, we propose a predicate-augmented Personalized PageRank, namely PrePPR, for effectively finding underlying entity types in knowledge graphs. We derive a predicate augmented graph by using predicates of relations between entities, which helps enrich the graph information without handling the complex predicates directly. For discriminating the importance of different links, we compute the weights based on link frequency and co-occurrence probabilities. We adopt PPR to compute relevance between entities and types in a predicate augmented graph instead of the original knowledge graph. We show that PrePPR inherits the basic philosophy of PPR without destroying the original philosophy, and lots of existing optimization techniques on PPR are applicable to the relevance computation. And then, we adopt forward push algorithm to speed up the relevance computation by local updates. We conduct extensive experiments on two real datasets, which show the performance of the proposed PrePPR through comparison with the-state-of-the-art approaches.


We demonstrate a thermal transistor based on a three-terminal normal-superconductor (NS) junction with superconductor terminal acting as the base. The emergence of heat amplification is due to the negative differential thermal conductance (NDTC) effect for the NS diode in which the normal side maintains a higher temperature. The temperature dependent superconducting energy gap is responsible for the NDTC. By controlling quantum dot levels and their coupling strengths to the terminals, a huge heat amplification factor can be achieved. The setup offers an easy tuning scheme of heat amplification factor and may find use in cryogenic applications.


The invention relates to a method of manufacturing a cage for a rolling bearing, the cage having a body made of a cured, fiber-reinforced resin matrix being formed in the body pockets for receiving rolling bodies, comprising the step of wrapping a winding mandrel (1) with the harzbenetzten fibers (2). The object is to provide a method of manufacturing a cage formed from a cured, fiber-reinforced resin matrix, wherein the cage for high speeds is more suitable, is according to the invention for the initially mentioned method characterized in that on the winding mandrel (1) at the location of the pockets placeholder (4, 4 ') are arranged, and that the fibers (2) in the place holders (4, 4') are led past.


It is studied in the paper that an adaptive soft and hard thresholding image denoising method, in which image pyramid decomposing is realized by wavelet transform, and the mean value, mid-value and root mean square value of different sub bands are calculated as thresholding. The image is added into different kinds and different intensities noise, and processed by different wavelet decomposing levels and thresholding selected algorithms, the total 27 kinds of thresholding combination schemes are completed in the research process. The SNR (signal noise ratio) and PSNR (peak signal noise ratio) of denoised image are compared and analyzed and benefited results are achieved. Furthermore, the algorithm in reference is realized by MATLAB program, the results of reference are compared with that of the paper to demonstrate the significance and correctness of the results in the paper.


In 2003, a study was conducted to analyze brain-related fatalities in American football. From 1945–1999 a total of 497 fatalities were brain injury-related. Majority of the injuries, 61%, occurred during the football game, and "75% of these were high school players." The number of high school students was more than 13 times greater than the number of college and professional players combined [1]. While millions of high school students will never make it to the next lever; collegiate and professional players have brought the attention needed to the make advances in the field of helmet design. Further, a study conducted by Bartsch et al. showed that the 20th and 21st century football helmet and the "leatherhead" helmets are very similar in their concussion-resistant and shock-mitigating capabilities [2]. In the past few decades, improvements in the helmet design have not addressed shock wave mitigation but rather focused on the strength, durability, and "looks" of the helmet. A major issue stems from the lack of thorough knowledge of the biomechanics and physics of traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to helmet-to-helmet contacts. The current study proposes to an in-depth finite element analysis (FEA) of the helmet-to-helmet collision. The finite element (FE) model consists of a human head clad with helmet with simulations being performed using ABAQUS/Explicit [3]. Here, Helmet-to-helmet impacts will be analyzed to develop a new head injury metric that captures the locational and history effects of the impending shock wave due to collision.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


BackgroundPatients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have psychological comorbidities that influence recovery and functional outcomes. Resilience is a psychological construct defined as an individual's ability to adapt to adversity. Pain catastrophizing encompasses rumination, magnification, and helplessness that patients feel toward their pain. Pain catastrophizing is associated with poor function following surgery. Studies assessing the influence of resilience on postoperative outcomes have shown inconsistent findings and have not accounted for the influence of pain catastrophizing. We sought to identify (1) whether baseline pain catastrophizing and resilience are predictive of postoperative knee function, general physical health, and general mental health three months after TKA and (2) whether baseline pain catastrophizing and resilience are associated with preoperative knee function, general physical health, and general mental health.MethodsPatients undergoing TKA between January 2019 and November 2019 were included in this longitudinal cohort study. Demographics and questionnaires [Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Junior (KOOS, JR.) and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical and Mental Health (PROMIS PH and MH, respectively)] were collected preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Multivariable regression was used to test associations of preoperative BRS and PCS with postoperative outcomes.ResultsThe study cohort included 117 patients with a median age of 67.0 years (Q1-Q3: 59.0-72.0). Fifty-three percent of patients were women and 70.1% were white. In multivariable linear regression analyses, baseline pain catastrophizing did not demonstrate a significant association with postoperative 3-month knee function, (β = -0.08, p = 0.543), general physical health (β = -0.11, p = 0.313), or general mental health (β = 0.01, p = 0.919). Baseline resilience positively associated with postoperative knee function (β = 0.24, p = 0.019) and general physical health (β = 0.24, p = 0.013).ConclusionsOur prospective analysis suggests that resilience predicts postoperative knee function and general physical health in patients undergoing TKA. Given the inconsistent findings in this area of research, future studies should continue to delineate preoperative constructs that impact patients following surgery. Exploring interventions targeting the preoperative mental health of patients undergoing TKA may improve outcomes in this cohort.


A rare case of a peripheral pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma is presented. Histological examination after lobectomy showed pronounced submucosal invasion of the carcinoma to proximal bronchi.


The standard therapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is pulmonary lobectomy. However, the Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Lung Cancer of 2017 (the Japan Lung Cancer Society) rec-ommend that stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) should be performed as a curative treatment in patients who cannot undergo surgery for medical reasons. SBRT is highly effective against early-stage NSCLC and the adverse events due to RT are tolerable. We have noted the indication of SBRT for early-stage NSCLC.


Drainage of the pleural space is undertaken as an emergency when there is respiratory distress and the radiological appearance of mediastinal shift. We present two cases in which the initial diagnosis was tension pneumothorax and chest drains were inserted. In both cases, the diagnosis turned out to be congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatr. Pulmonol. 1997;24:119–121. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Compressive sampling theory asserts that certain signals can be recovered from far fewer samples than traditional methods use. We propose to enhance the performance of Brillouin sensing systems by improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the Brillouin spectra with random undersampled measurements of the original noisy Brillouin spectra. The number of acquisitions can be significantly reduced, and at the same time the measurement accuracy can be improved due to the increased signal-to-noise ratio of recovered Brillouin spectra measured based on compressive sampling principle compared to those measured directly by conventional methods. Experiments show that by performing ∼30% of the acquisitions that are required by conventional systems, over 7 dB signal-to-noise ratio enhancement can be obtained. Our proposal can be applied to any practical Brillouin sensing system whose performance can be enhanced by taking the advantages of recent advancements in computational methods without costly or sophisticated hardware modifications.


"Territorial discontinuity, in other words gaps which appear along the border of a territorial grid representing different criteria of dissimilarity, could be a sign of the existence of social or spatial discontinuity. The multivariate analysis of these territorial discontinuities allows for the extraction of standard and directional components which simplify their interpretation. The application of the age structure case concerning 701 European regions, around the year 1980, shows the significance and deficiencies of this approach." (EXCERPT)


. We give a proof of linear inviscid damping and vorticity depletion for non-monotonic shear flows with one critical point in a bounded periodic channel. In particular, we obtain quantitative depletion rates for the vorticity function without any symmetry assumptions.


We report an experimental study of porous silicon-based rugate filters. Possible optimisations that can improve different features of the filters are investigated. We demonstrate sidelobe attenuation by means of half-apodization of the structures with a sinusoidal window. Reduction of interference ripples are experimentally observed through the insertion of index-matching layers on the boundaries of the structure. The superposition of two different designs to obtain a multi-stop-band filter is also demonstrated. We show the possibility of controlling the bandwidth of the stop-bands by varying the index contrast. All the results are discussed and compared with numerical calculations. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Around Hannah Arendt's book "The Origins of Totalitarianism" explanations are sought for the logic of the totalitarian State, that is, its way of operating and its consequences in the field of freedom, recognition and the way of life that indivuduals can expect in such a State. It is found that the terror that is imposed achieves a dehumanization of the individuals who, having lost everything rational, find themselves in the territory of the inconceivable.


Towards a new perspective of pedagogical approach and constructive criticism in art practice based education, the investigation is focusing on Malaysia-Thailand contemporary art & craft jewelry in academic area. From the traditions of national craft heritage the jewelry, silverware and metalwork is now a day almost lost its conservation to their modern people and its community. The Jewelry is representative of national artifact of high crafting. It passes through present where number of contemporary art objects and lifestyle design gadgets are already dominating new behavioral to society. From this perspective, the different between lifestyle and culture can shape up concept and identity of contemporary jewelry. Where the traditional elements can still remain in somewhere with us! Many academicians, designer makers are working and try to modernize these national prides which obtained the traditional implicit knowledge and local wisdoms. The art and design education also concerns this matter by raising many cultural topics involved into curriculum. It becomes a subject that students can reflect their role of preservation or expression on their cultural contents. The cross cultural perspective of rising perception of the author on contemporary jewelry education between Thailand and Malaysia has begun in 2008 by the invitation of Department of Fine Metal, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia. The UiTM invited a staff (author ) of Department of Jewelry Design, Silpakorn University Thailand, as an external assessor for final year student assessment. The participatory research occasionally began from that point under the pedagogical framework. Observations, interviews, critics on student artworks, were the main activity process that both of students and staff of institution also interacted according to the process of assessment. Definitely, the differentiation between the students' outcome of jewelry project in Malaysia and Thailand are obviously divergence. However, the traditional ornament of each country and cultural influences also be noticed that have been frequently inspired in students' work. The constructive criticism was always the core discussion during the students' assessment and exit meeting with UiTM department members. During year by year, there were number of improvements can be noticed not only on the students' outcomes but also the academic relationship through collaboration activities that create among two institutions.


Web service composition can be facilitated by an automatic process which consists of rules, conditions and actions. This research has adapted ElementaryPetri Net (EPN) to analyze and model the web services and their composition. This paper describes a set of techniques for representing transition rules, algorithm and workflow that web service composition can be automatically carried out.


The committee of The IV International Conference on Information Technology and Nanotechnology (ITNT-2018) would like to express our greatest gratitude to Samara National Research University and Image Processing Systems Institute of RAS - branch of FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS for hosting the conference, to sponsors and partners for financial and informational support of the event.


The library of "Miguel A. Catalan� Physics Center (CFMAC) has documents from the archive of Jose
Maria Otero Navascues. These documents contain scientific papers and personal correspondence of
Otero, during the years 1944-1948 when he was responsible for the Section of Optics "Alonso de
Santa Cruz� Institute, which later became the Institute of Optics "Daza de Valdes", institution of
which Otero was its first Director for 20 years. These documents, kept in the library but without any
visibility, have been responsible for taking the decision to create the archive in the CFMAC library
and make them known. They are described as well in the the CSIC general catalog of libraries and
archives network for their information and dissemination. The documentation includes working
drafts, correspondence and photographs of Jose Maria Otero Navascues. We want to disseminate and
increase the visibility of these and other documents produced in the Institute, in order to enrich the
knowledge we have of this period of history of Otero and of the Institution.


The search for efficient and stable new blue luminescent compounds is still ongoing. In this respect, knowledge of the structure-property relationship is essential for the design and evaluation of blue...


The Patients' School is a project promoted and financed by the Council of Health of the "Junta de Andalucia" that aims to contribute to the generation and exchange of knowledge and experiences on the managing of different diseases.
By means of this project, on the one hand, it is pursued that all the people can perform a more active and responsible role on their health. And, on the other hand, to promotean attitude between patients and professionals that leads to improve the quality of life of the patients who suffer certain chronic diseases starting from their own meanings and the ways these people face and perceive the world.
In this article, using the clinical narrative and taking as a base of reference the first Congress of the Patients' School, the approach of health that proposes this project and its possible links with the resilience are analyzed.


Subauroral Polarization Streams (SAPS) are associated with closure of region 2 field‐aligned current (R2 FAC) through the low conductivity region. Although SAPS have often been studied from a magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling perspective, recent observations suggest strong interaction also exists between SAPS and the thermosphere. Our study focuses on thermospheric wind driving and its impact on SAPS and R2 FAC during the 17 March 2013 geomagnetic storm using both observations and the physics‐based Rice Convection Model‐Coupled Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Plasmasphere, electrodynamics (RCM‐CTIPe) model that self‐consistently couples the magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere system. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)‐18 and Gravity Field and Steady‐State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite observations show that, as the storm progresses, sunward ion flows intensify and expand equatorward and are accompanied by strengthening of subauroral neutral winds with some delay. Our model successfully reproduces time evolution and overall structure of the sunward ion drift and neutral wind. A force term analysis is performed to investigate the momentum transfer to the neutrals from the ions. Contrary to previous studies showing that Coriolis force is the main driver of neutrals during storm time, we find that the ion drag is the largest force driving westward neutral wind in the SAPS region where the ion density is low in the trough region. Furthermore, simulations with and without the neutral wind dynamo effect are compared to quantify the effect of the neutral to plasma flow. The comparison shows that the self‐consistent active ionosphere thermosphere coupling increases the R2 FAC and the westward ion drift equatorward of the SAPS region by 20% and 40% by the flywheel effect, respectively.


It was an important step in the course of perfecting rural market economy system to reform rural tax and toll, which would roundly readjusted rural profit distribution policies. Certainly, it would influence rural health services and the financing of medical security system for rural residents. The paper analyzed the current challenge in the financing of rural cooperative care and discussed how to remain the sustainability of the financing after rural tax and toll reform.


A common approach for optimization of casting technologies is presented. The approach is illustrated on an example of the technological solution for the formation of automotive wheel using gas counter pressure casting method (CPC method) but it could be applied with success in die-casting too. For this purpose the latest version of the world-famous software package MAGMA5.3.1 of MAGMA GmbH based in Aachen, Germany is used. The method consists of a series of purposeful changes in the geometry of the casting or moulds, as well as the cooling channels that leads to the reduction of the defects registered with the tools of the software. The process starts with a heuristic solution of technology and after a series of iterations leads to a technological solution with minimal defects according to the criteria functions of the software. It consists of series of computer simulations of filling and crystallization of the casting, which is accompanied with targeted changes in technology based on the analysis and evaluation of the results. A concept of "natural" simulation is introduced. The influence of main technological factors and parameters are studied and analysed. As a result, a technology forming free of defect casting is obtained.


Anal stenosis is a rare but severe complication of hemorrhoidectomy and a surgical approach may be necessary to correct the deformity. Here we demonstrate the technique of diamond-shaped flap anoplasty in a patient with severe, post-hemorrhoidectomy, anal stenosis.


Definition 6.1 (i) A surface M is a Hausdorff topological space which is locally homeomorphic to R, i.e. such that for each x ∈ M there exists an open subset U ⊆ M homeomorphic to the plane R, with x ∈ U . (ii) A surface M is closed if it is compact, and open if it is not compact. Strictly speaking, the definition should include the condition that a surface M be 'paracompact', which means that every open cover of M has a refinement such that every point is contained in only a finite number of the open sets. (Warning: the open/closed terminology for surfaces has nothing to do with open/closed sets in a topological space). Example 6.2 (i) R is an open surface. (ii) The 2-sphere S, the torus T 2 = S×S, the Klein bottle K and the projective plane RP are closed surfaces. (iii) The open Möbius band


The expanded role of the urban pediatric hospital in the delivery of comprehensive medical care has been accompanied by increasing referrals of patients with social and emotional problems. In the treatment of these patients the "mecca" philosophy of the hospital must be weighed against the realistic appraisal of the most appropriate community resource. Clinical and geographical responsibilities must be delineated to make effective use of the urban pediatric hospital and reduce duplication of mental health services.


In this study, a theoretical model was developed to investigate the mechanism of self-organized nanodots formation fabricated by ion-beam irradiation. The radiation effects were combined into the theoretical model with vacancy diffusion for a reduction of free energy of mixing and interfacial energy. The influences of dose rate, material properties, and temperature on vacancy production and elimination rates during irradiation were all taken into consideration in the numerical calculations. Incorporated with the Monte-Carlo transport of ions in matter calculation for the distribution profile of vacancy production rate, the dynamic evolutions of self-organized nanodots with a uniform size on an irradiated surface were fully illustrated by this model. Varied according to the experimental conditions, the morphologies and length scales of our calculations are in good agreement with many experimental observations in the literature. This theoretical model gives an insight into the mechanism of self-organized pattern formation on irradiated materials through ion-beam technology.


This research is part of an effort that the ICT (Institute of Tropical Cultivation) has been doing for several years tending to develop superior genotypes of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.). That is why this study aims to find tolerant or moderately tolerant cocoa genotypes and accessions to water stress with resistance to pests and diseases and high production and industrial quality. Twenty genotypes of cocoa seedlings were investigated, during the period of 6 months, in a soil with sandy-loam texture under nursery conditions, of controlled irrigation. A split plot design was used, with 40 treatments and 3 repetitions. In addition, daily data of the micro climatic characteristics (T °, HR) were taken, in which different indicators of variable were evaluated such as the stomatal conductance (CE) that is greatly influenced by the T ° and HR. The results obtained indicate that the genotypes that showed moderate tolerance to water stress were UNG - 77, UNG - 53, ICT - 1281 and ICT - 1112; the non-tolerant ones were PAS - 93, CEPEC - 2002, ICT - 2142, ICT - 1092, CP - 2005 - C10, TSH - 1188, CCN - 51, IMC - 67, PH - 17, AYP - 15, ICS - 6, BN - 34, ICT - 1506, PAS - 91, PH - 990 and ICS - 1. Under optimal conditions, the most outstanding genotype was ICS-1, both in plant height, number of leaves, and stomatal conductance, this being proof that this genotype develops excellently and stands out if it has the right conditions and water availability.


In this work I describe the creation process of a promotional movie of the Special School Hradec Kralove, and an advertisement for the energy drink '69'. All of the stages of creation this two movies are described there including the submission of the work, the main idea, realisation, and the final postproduction.


The generation and nonlinear dynamics of multi-dimensional optical dissipative solitonic pulses are examined. The variational method is extended to complex dissipative systems, in order to obtain steady state solutions of the one-, two-, and three-dimensional complex cubic-quintic Ginzburg– Landau equation. A stability criterion is established fixing a domain of dissipative parameters for stable steady state solutions. Following numerical simulations, evolution of even asymmetric input pulse from this domain leads to stable dissipative solitons and light bullets.


The authors shows four cases of Delusional Misidentification Syndromes with delusional beliefs in self intermetamorphosis. The main diagnoses was Schizophrenia in three cases and Mania in one case. They discusses about the psychopathological differences of these kind of syndromes.


In 1675, Antony van Leeuwenhoek, an unlearned haberdasher from Delft, placed a drop of rainwater under his microscope and detected thousands of tiny animals in it. Leeuwenhoek proceeded to examine the microscopic activity of his spitle, teeth plaque, and faeces, and as a result of his findings the field of bacteriology was born. Some 200 years later, Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen, a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Wurzburg, invited his wife to his laboratory, asked her to place her hand on an unexposed photographic plate, turned on an electric current, and showed her a picture of the bones of her hand - and so came the X-ray. This text describes these and eight other medical discoveries throughout history, bringing to life the scientific pioneers responsible for them and the excitement, frustrations and jealousies that surrounded the final achievements.


[Objective]The research aimed to study the degradation characteristics of 2,4-dicholrophenoxyacetic acid in the environment.[Method] The hydrolysis,aqueous photolysis and soil degradation characteristics were investigation under laboratory conditions.[Result]The hydrolysis half-lives of 2,4-dicholrophenoxyacetic acid were 117.5 and 79.7 d at pH 5 and 9 respectively,while its hydrolysis half-life at pH 7 was 138.6 d.This indicated that,it was easily hydrolyzed at pH 5 and 9,but hydrolysis at pH 7.0 was relatively slower.The half-life time of 4.63 hour was found with the radiation by Xe lamp at room temperature.Slow soil degradations in Jiangxi red soil,northeast black soil and Taihu paddy soil at 25 ℃ with the half-life time of 86.6,53.3,and 20.2 days were observed respectively.It was more easily degradated in Taihu paddy soil than the others.[Conclusion]2,4-dicholrophenoxyacetic acid was relatively stable in environment Therefore certain risks were existed in water and soil environment.The dosage as well as the time of application and monitoring of the residues should be well controlled in the agroenvironment.


Propulsion System Optimisation Approach for Hybrid/Electric Aircraft Peter Malkin (1), Meletios Pagonis (2) 1: Cranfield University, Building 52, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL. firstname.lastname@example.com 2: Cranfield University, email@example.com Abstract This paper describes the possible approaches for the propulsion system of a hybrid/electric aircraft. Such an electric concept is being considered in both the marine and aviation industries due to the economic (i.e. reduced fuel burn) and environmental (i.e. less emissions and noise) benefits that it offers. The hybrid/electric propulsion system is characterised by the design freedom it permits on the whole aircraft system. Prime movers are no longer limited by the fans and vice versa, while the presence of an advanced energy storage system facilitates the addressing of the dynamic requirements of the whole system. Thus, significant efficiency gains across the cycle, quiet taxing and landing, and savings on the maintenance costs should be possible using a novel flexible electric power system. Introduction The aerospace industry has lately started looking on different "unconventional" approaches regarding t


Introduction: Atorvastatin hinders cardiovascular disease by reducing cholesterol levels. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) enhances the secretion of insulin by binding to LDL receptor. Sortilin is committed in the transfer of intracellular proteins through the plasma membrane. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of atorvastatin consumption on alterations in the levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA-R), PCSK9 and sortilin in diabetic patients and pre-diabetics. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out on 80 individuals including normal subjects, diabetic patients and pre-diabetics. The participated individuals were divided as control group (i) (healthy individuals without diabetes mellitus), diabetic group receiving statin (ii), diabetic group not receiving statin (iii), pre-diabetic group receiving statin (iv) and pre-diabetic group not receiving statin (v). Levels of HMG-COA-R, PCSK9 and sortilin were determined by ELISA method. Results: In diabetics and pre-diabetics taking atorvastatin, the level of HMG-COA-R was not altered significantly compared to diabetics and pre-diabetics not taking atorvastatin, respectively (P> 0.05). The serum PCSK9 level in diabetics and pre-diabetics was significantly higher than the healthy individuals (P= 0.001). Additionally, the serum PCSK9 level in diabetics and pre-diabetics receiving atorvastatin was significantly higher than diabetics and pre-diabetics not receiving atorvastatin, respectively (P=0.001). The serum sortilin level in diabetics and pre-diabetics was significantly higher than the healthy individuals (P=0.001). In addition, the serum sortilin level in pre-diabetics receiving atorvastatin was significantly higher than pre-diabetics not receiving atorvastatin (P=0.001). Conclusion: Atorvastatin improved insulin secretion and sensitivity by increasing serum sortilin and PCSK9 levels. Thereby, it prevented the development of diabetes in diabetics and the progression of pre-diabetes to diabetes in pre-diabetics.


Background
Over the last decade healthcare simulation has received strong government support in Australia and New Zealand e.g. in 2013 the Australian Government invested $46 million in capital and $48 million in recurrent funding in the establishment of over 200 simulation centres. The key driver for simulation-based education is to improve the quality and safety of healthcare and both countries have evidence-based, national measures of patient safety1,2. While simulation-based education has had a significant impact on knowledge and skills, there is limited evidence of the transfer of learning to practice and improved patient outcomes.

Objective
To explore the extent to which simulation-based education addresses the contemporary patient safety priorities in Australia1 and New Zealand2.

Methods
A scoping review of literature published between 2007-2016. Primary studies were included if they related to the NSQHS Standards1/HQS Indicators2 and evaluated the impact on clinician behaviour or patient safety. Studies were tabulated and synthesised.

Results
We identified 15 studies for inclusion in the review. Nine studies were undertaken in the USA, two in the UK and one each from Canada, France, Israel and Australia. Most studies were of medical and nursing staff, and five were interdisciplinary. In 11 of the studies the sample size was <40. Only four of the ten NSQHS standards (Preventing and controlling health care associated infections, medication safety, Patient handover and Recognising and responding to clinical deterioration in acute care) were addressed.

Conclusion
Critical synthesis of the literature identified that simulation-based education research addressed a limited number of quality and safety standards, with an emerging body of international research demonstrating significant impact on clinician behaviours and patient outcomes. The dearth of evidence from Australia and New Zealand suggests that outcomes of simulation in this region are not yet commensurate with significant investments that have been made.

References
1. Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare (2012) Retrieved 6th January 2017 from National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS).
2. Health Quality and Safety Commission New Zealand. (2016) Retrieved 20th Jan 2017 from Health quality & safety indicators.


The invention discloses a laser impact warm forming method with uniform heat and constant pressure functions and a device. According to the invention, a heating coil is adopted for increasing the temperature of a system, an oil pump is used for sucking cold liquid to lower the temperature of the system, so as to ensure that the temperature of the system is controlled within a pre-set temperature range; an overflow value is used for setting system pressure, the oil pump is used for sucking liquid into the cavity of a die so as to reach an appointed pressure; and laser induced impact wave is used as a power source for warm forming and enhancing to panel veneer. According to the invention, the advantages of both warm forming technique and laser impacting technique are combined, liquid is adopted for heating the panel veneer, the heating temperature is uniform and easy to control; the pressure control device is guaranteed to produce continuous back pressure so as to enable the stress to the panel veneer to be balanced. The method provided by the invention improves the forming performance of the panel veneer during laser impact forming process, and provides a novel concept to the formation of the panel veneer; and while the panel veneer is formed, the service life and stress and corrosion resisting performance of the panel veneer are improved.


Inverse Gas Chromatography technology was applied to determine the retention time on Styrene Butadiene Rubber(SBR) at different temperatures.In this method,the polymer material acted as the stationary phase,and free energy and Lewis number of polymer were figured out base on the data of retention volume.It was found the dispersive component of free energy of SBR was 47.50,46.58,46.03,45.49 and 45.23 mJ/m2 at 303K、313K、323K、333K and 343K,respectively.The surface free energy decreased linearly with the temperature increased.The Lewis acidic number Ka of SBR was 0.35,and basic number Kb was 1.55.The result meant that SBR had a significant amphoteric behaviour with predominantly basic character.


In her article, the author undertook important problems of innovations in the service sector. She used the definition and classification of innovations in services worked out by experts from the OECD, which are described in the Oslo Manual. The article is of the diagnostic and postulate nature. Its aim is to identify the objectives and types of innovations of the service sector enterprises vis-à-vis industry sector enterprises in Poland. Implementation of the set out aim was possible owing to the literature studies comprising the essence and specific features of innovations in the service sector as well as an analysis of figures originating from the cyclical surveys carried out by the CSO on innovative activities of enterprises from individual sectors of the economy, carried out with the use of the OECD methodology. The object of analysis is the objectives and types of innovations introduced by enterprises of the service sector and those of the industry sector. The comparative analysis in this respect covered the years 2006-2012. In the final part of the article, the author evaluated the innovative activities of enterprises of the service sector as well as presented the conclusions that may be of use for the institutions supporting the development of innovative activities in Poland. She also proposed further directions of research of the issues of innovations in the service sector.


Dynamic voltage Restorer (DVR) is applied to optimize the power quality aspects such as voltage sag compensation. Due to the fact that it is connected in series with the distribution line, DVR would suffer from downstream faults. Recently, the application of Z-source inverter is proposed in order to optimize DVR operation. This inverter makes DVR to operate appropriately when the energy storage device's voltage level severely falls. Here, the Z-source inverter based DVR is proposed to compensate voltage disturbance at the PCC and to reduce the fault current in downstream of DVR. By calculating instantaneous current magnitude in synchronous frame, control system recognizes if the fault exists or not, and determines whether DVR should compensate voltage disturbance or try to reduce the fault current. The proposed system is simulated under voltage sag and swell and short circuit conditions. The simulation results show that the system operates correctly under voltage sag and short circuit conditions. Key word: Dynamic voltage Restorer, Z-Source Inverter, Voltage disturbance, Fault current


This paper describes a power assist suit with pneumatic actuators to support the elbow, shoulder, hip and knee motion. In this study, we use the surface electromyogram (EMG) signals as trigger, and the necessary joint torques are approximated with statics calculation by using the human model consisting of multi-joint rigid links with measured joint angles and load. With this technique, the system can assist users without causing uncomfortable feelings.


Acidizing of carbonate reservoirs is a common technique used to restore and enhance production by dissolving a small fraction of the rock to create highly conductive channels. Literature review reveals that most acidizing studies are focused on acid injection at a constant volumetric rate (CVR) instead of at a constant injection pressure (CIP). Therefore, the primary objective of the present work is to investigate the benefits and recommended applications of each technique. The study analyzes dissolution patterns and wormhole propagation rate. A coreflood study was conducted using different Indiana limestone cores to assess both techniques. Additionally, a two-dimensional (2D) wormhole model was used to mathematically describe the acidizing phenomena. The algorithm is based on a 2D radial flow system that iterates time to quantify wormhole propagation and injection rate. Wormhole velocity is calculated by an empirical laboratory model that depends on two parameters measured from core flow testing. Therefore, the algorithm captures the essential physics and chemistry of the acid reaction in a carbonate porous medium. The study confirmed that conical, wormhole, and branched types of acid dissolution patterns exist for both techniques (CVR or CIP). Unlike in the CVR technique, dissolution patterns during the CIP technique can change and tend toward a branched dissolution regime. The CIP technique required a lower acid volume to achieve a breakthrough in the conical dissolution regime and a higher acid volume to achieve a breakthrough in the branched dissolution regime compared to the CVR technique. In a dominant wormhole pattern, both techniques required nearly the same acid volume for a breakthrough. A computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed that the CIP technique developed a uniform wormhole at a low initial injection rate. For the CIP technique, the acid injection rate increased exponentially with the volume of the acid injected. The CIP technique is recommended for a low-permeability reservoir where acid injection at a high rate is not possible to avoid face dissolution wormhole patterns. On the other hand, the CVR technique is recommended for a medium—to the high-permeability reservoir where high acid injection rate can be achieved.


BACKGROUND
In rectal cancer, preoperative evaluation of the depth of cancer invasion and the presence of pararectal lymph node metastasis is essential to determine appropriate operative procedures, especially in autonomic nerve preserving operations. For this evaluation, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) was performed prospectively in the following cases.

METHODS
During the past 5 years, 70 patients with rectal cancer underwent EUS examination by using 7.5MHz and 12MHz-EUS sonoprobe systems.

RESULTS
The depth of cancer invasion was accurately predicted by EUS in 76% of cases (53/70). Seventeen cases were incorrectly estimated, 12 of those underestimated, and 5 overestimated. The evaluation of pararectal lymph node metastasis was accurate in 44 patients (69%). The sensitivity rate was 36% and specificity was 90%.

CONCLUSIONS
EUS is a very useful technique for determining therapeutic procedures for rectal cancer, especially in deciding whether or not sphincter preserving and/or autonomic nerve preserving operations should be undertaken.


A L T H O U G H the idea of value-freedom raises such crucial issues in modern social science as the scientific nature of social science, the political commitment of the social scientist and the function of social science in society, its historical origins have long remained obscure. No single person seems to have been individually responsible for its genesis, but Max Weber wrote the most extensively on the subject and during his lifetime became the idea's leading exponent. Although value-freedom has now become a pillar of established social science, Weber originally conceived it in opposition to the social science of his day and thus in a sense as a critical tool for analyzing society. Interestingly, Weber never really devoted any attention to defining value-freedom as such, but it came to stand for the whole set of ideas definingthe relationship between science (Wissenschaft) (i)and values. Weber's complex involuted style of expression makes a summary exceptionally difficult. If a succinct summary of Weber's final formulation of valuefreedom were to be given, it might be called the belief that values play a role in the definition of a problem for study, but these values need not and should not affect the process of scientific investigation itself. Furthermore, science can have direct practical applications, but the scientist as scientist should not involve personal beliefs in scientific investigation. In an institutional sense science should thus be independent of social and political commitments.


The utility model relates to a conductor resistance detection clamp comprising a base, wherein the base is provided with a clamping guide rail which is provided with a screw rod; the screw rod is spiraled with two sliding blocks with opposite moving directions; the opposite surface of the two sliding blocks is provided with toothspaces capable of being meshed with each other; the end of the base at one side of the clamping guide rail is provided with a stretching guide rail vertical to the clamping guide rail; the stretching guide rail is provided with the screw rod which is spiraled with a sliding plate, a compaction plate is arranged above the sliding plate by screws at two ends; the other side of the clamping guide rail on the base is provided with a positioning guide rail which is parallel to the clamping guide rail, the positioning guide rail is provided with the screw rod which is spiraled with the sliding blocks; and the sliding block is fixedly connected with two clamping blocks which are at a certain distance. The conductor resistance detection clamp can ensure a conductor with large section to be compressed and straightened, avoid the problem of large error generated whenmeasuring a resistance value of the cable conductor due to fixing, greatly increase the precision of measuring the conductor resistance value when producing and using a cable, and improve the safetyand reliability of the cable.


In previous experiments, a nearly complete vibrational spectrum of the CS2 molecule in the Σg+ state has been obtained using a laser induced fluorescence method. The statistical tests of the random matrix theory, applied on this spectrum, suggest a transition to quantum chaos. The aim of this letter is to show that these statistical results are biased because of a nonsingle excitation of the molecule. This is experimentally confirmed by high-resolution new experiments in supersonic jet, using the powerful laser chain of the french project for the isotopic separation of uranium by laser (SILVA project).


ABSTRACT This study examined food security status, associated factors and coping strategies employed by households in Anambra State, Nigeria. Mothers (n = 657) were administered a questionnaire adapted from the US Department of Agriculture household food security core module. Food insecurity in the past 12 months was reported in 61% of the households. Large households and those whose mothers had only primary or secondary education were more likely to be food insecure. The mothers coped mostly by limiting their own food intake to ensure their children had enough to eat (59.1%). Food insecurity is high in households in Anambra state.


Expressions for Sudakov form factors for heavy quarks are presented. They are used to construct resummed jet rates in electron-positron annihilation. Predictions are given for production of bottom quarks at LEP and top quarks at the Linear Collider.


Microwave surface resistance close to 10 GHz has been measured as a function of temperature for epitaxial thin films of YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) on LaAlO3 in the film thickness range of 0.2–0.8 μm. The films were made by a reduced‐temperature post‐anneal technique. The surface resistance (Rs) scaled to 10 GHz decreases with increasing film thickness as is expected due to the finite film thickness with respect to the magnetic penetration depth. Below about 70 K there is an increase in Rs for the thickest films, attributed to a change in microstructure from c axis normal to the substrate plane, to c axis in the plane of the substrate; the resulting minimum in Rs occurs at a film thickness of 0.6 μm. The critical current density (Jc) at 77 K is highest for the thinner films, so that films with the highest Jc do not have the lowest measured Rs. These results suggest that the optimum YBCO film thickness for microwave devices patterned from these films may be about 0.6 μm, depending on operating temperature.


The central concern of this study has been with the translatability of Qur'anic antonymy. To test out the main premise of the study, reference has been made to three renowned Qur'anic translations, and for a proper semantic zooming in on the selected examples, reference has also been made to three commendable Qur'an-related exegeses. The study shows that Qur'anic antonymy represents a case of semantic non-identicality, where two distinct levels of inverse semantic duplicity exist simultaneously: an overt one at the basic level, and a covert one at the metaphorical level. The study also concludes that such a synthetic inverse semantic complexity prevents translation from being an untroubled communication, as a great deal of translation troubles and turbulences have been detected and highlighted. Analysis additionally reveals that translation loss has been found to be an inescapable corollary of such a synthetic inverse semantic duplicity, and perhaps, of untapped exegetical polemics. Finally, subscribing to the view that translation can virtually be "an interpretive act", especially in the Qur'anic context, the literal-exegetic translation approach has been proposed and advocated in this study as an amenable solution that can enable rendering the synthetic inverse duplicity both literally and interpretively, as to preserve the intended meanings and splendors of the pristine Qur'anic depiction style.


One of the fundamental control problems is tracking control systems, where output signal has to track a reference signal or desired output without steady-state error. Therefore a great deal of interest has been directed to the design problem of servomechanisms for linear multivariable dynamical systems (e.g. Davison 1972, Furuta and Komiya 1972). If a controlled system has uncertainties such as unmodeled dynamics, unknown parameter variations and so on, then it is required to achieve robust stability and tracking performance. Therefore design problems of robust tracking control systems for uncertain dynamical systems have been extensively studied (e.g. Schmitendorf and Barmish 1986, Hopp and Schmitendorf 1990). It is usually assumed that desired outputs are modelled by the outputs of some free time-invariant linear systems, whose future values are not available. Thus any servomechanism has to utilize instantaneous values of desired outputs, errors and so on for control purpose. By the way, it is well known that when the future information about reference signals and/or disturbances is available, the performance of transient responses will be greatly improved. This kind of control problem, in which information on future is utilized, is called the preview control problem (Tomizuka 1975) and a large number of design method of preview control systems have been proposed (e.g. Katayama et al. 1985, Fujisaki and Narasaki 1997). Furthermore, some ∞ preview control systems (e.g. Cohen and Shaked 1997) and robust preview tracking controllers (e.g. Takaba 1998) have been derived. Cohen and Shaked (1997) considered the problem of ∞ preview tracking control for linear time-varying systems. Also, Takaba (1998) derived a design method of a state feedback controller with integral and preview actions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) for discretetime systems with polytopic uncertainties. On the other hand in most practical situations, complete state information for general multivariable dynamical systems cannot be utilized. Thus in the case that the full state information of multivariable dynamical systems cannot be measured, some observerbased quadratic stabilizing controllers (e.g. Petersen 1985, Jabbari and Schmitendolf 1993), robust ∞ controllers (e.g. Iwasaki and Skelton 1994, Park and Bien 1994 ) and robust output feedback control systems (e.g. Benton 1999) have been presented. Furthermore, a design method of observer-based guaranteed cost controllers for uncertain linear dynamical systems has been suggested (Oya et al. 2004). However, so far the design problem of observer-based robust preview tracking controllers for uncertain discrete-time systems has little been considered as far as we know. From this viewpoint in this paper, we deal with an observer-based robust tracking control problem for unObserver-Based Robust Tracking Control Scheme with Preview Action for Uncertain Discrete-Time Systems


The purpose of this survey was to probe into the requirements and countermeasures of the patients.The survey data were collected by using interview method.Teach the patients related knowledge of their disease,help the patients and their family members adapt to the hospital environment,support the family members with life care of patients,relieve the psychological tension of the patients,help the patients obey health care service,take care of the patients when administering oral medications,meet the needs of the patients during treatment,and strengthen the supervision of nursing procedures and peripheral operations.Theoretical basis to meet the needs of the patients was pointed out.


Received : November, 2010 Accepted : February, 2011 In India, pigeonpea is one of the major pulse crops grown on nearly 4.6 million hectares with an annual production of 2.5 million tonnes (Anonymous, 2000). More than 150 insect species have been reported feeding on pigeanpea at various stages of its growth in India (Davies and Lateef, 1975). The pigeonpea pod borers are of great significance as they attack developing grains in the pods. The pod and grain damage has been reported separately to the extent of 60% due to infestation of pod borers (Reed et al., 1980, Lateef and Reed, 1985 and Singh, 1986). Keeping this in view and considering economic importance of pigeonpea, the present investigation was undertaken to know the effect of synthetic insecticides and biopesticides on the extent of pod damage, grain damage and grain yield by different borers on pigeonpea.


Regime recognition is an important tool for monitoring aircraft usage. Algorithms for this task are normally trained and tested on flight load survey data. In many instances, significant portions of the flight data are not used because of labeling uncertainties. Flight test data is expensive to generate, but machine learning-based solutions rely on copious amounts of training data, so the idea of discarding data is unappealing. This paper presents a process to consistently and systematically label flight data with common helicopter regimes that would reduce the amount of unlabeled flight test data. The approach makes use of regime descriptions and parameter time histories to assign labels, which are then verified using flight path and flight test card information. Although the implementation of the approach is challenging, the initial results from Bell 206 test flights demonstrate that this approach can significantly reduce the amount of unlabeled flight data, enabling much more usable data for training algorithms.


Hampton, VirginiaAbstractAn implicit method for the computation ofunsteady flows on unstructured grids ispresented. The resulting nonlinear system ofequations is solved at each time step using anagglomeration multigrid procedure. The methodallows for arbitrarily large time steps and isefficient in terms of computational effort andstorage. Validation of the code using a one-equation turbulence model is performed for thewell-known case of flow over a cylinder. ADetached Eddy Simulation model [I] is alsoimplemented and its performance compared tothe one equation Spalart-Allmaras Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulencemodel [2]. Validation cases using DES andRANS include flow over a sphere and flow overa NACA 0012 wing including massive stallregimes. The project was driven by the ultimategoal of computing separated flows ofaerodynamic interest, such as massive stall orflows over complex non-streamlined geometries.l. IntroductionThe use of time-dependent simulations for flowsof practical interest is much less widespread thanthe use of steady-state flow simulations, due tolimitations related to computational time andcomputational resources. However, many flowsare inherently unsteady, particularly when largeamounts of separation are present, and must besimulated as such in order to obtain meaningfulresults.Copyright c 2001 by AIAA, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Transient flow simulations can either be basedon explicit or implicit time-stepping schemes.Stability constraints limit the maximumallowable time step size of an explicit scheme,which is proportional to the smallest cell size inthe entire computational mesh. Explicit schemesare well suited for unsteady applications inwhich the time scale of interest is comparable tothe spatial scales. In these cases the mesh shouldbe clustered only in regions of interest where it isabsolutely necessary or the explicit time step canbecome unnecessarily small.Explicit time steps may become too restrictivefor cases characterized by larger time scales or incases where there is a wide variation in the gridresolution. In these cases it is desirable todevelop a fully implicit method in which thetime step is only determined by the physics ofthe flow and not by the cell size. At each timestep the unsteady residual must be driven to zeroand this is usually done using inner iterations.The number of inner iterations needed for eachtime step is related to the problem being solvedand the size of the physical time step used.To develop an unsteady solver that can providean accurate description in time of the flow is thefirst requirement to address before attempting tosolve flows with massively separated regionsthat are inherently unsteady. On the other hand,it is also important to review the differenttechniques available to compute turbulence,which is at the core of separated flows, and willbe a key parameter to determine how well thenumerical scheme captures all the physicalaspects of the flow. In this sense, numericalsolutions of turbulent flow cases can be achieved


The olive oil is the main source of vegetable fat in the Mediterranean diet, and due to its chemical, biological and sensorial properties the increase in olive oil consumption worldwide is being observed. Currently and due to the great pressure of the modern life-style, the increase of fast food with resource to microwave heating is in vast expansion. In this work was studied the behavior of virgin olive oils with different content in phenolic compounds (1000, 865, 600 and 400 mg/kg) when subjected to microwave heating (t = 0min; t = 1,5min; t = 3min; t = 5min; t = 10min at 1200W) and were evaluated the changes occurred at quality parameters, fatty acids composition, total sterols, chlorophylls and carotenoids, squalene content, tocopherols content, total phenols content, tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol, antioxidant activity and oxidative stability. The initial content of phenolic compounds in the olive oil inflicted in the behavior of the oils when submitted at microwave heating. In a general way it was noted a degradation in the quality parameters with heating, being observed that in the olive oils with higher content of total phenols the degradation was not so pronounced. At sensorial level, after the first minutes of oxidation all olive oils showed a higher degradation of positive attributes. Regarding the oxidative stability it was verified a protector effect in the olive oils with higher total phenols content comparatively to those with reduced content. While in the olive oils with high content of total phenols, at t = 10min, was registered a reduction of 28% in the induction time, in the olive oils with lower content of total phenols the reduction was of 48%. The tendency observed in tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol was similar, while in the olive oils of 1000 mg/kg there was a reduction of 52% in their content (from 259 to 123 mg/kg), in the olive oils with 400 mg/kg the reduction was of 65% (from 85 to 30 mg/kg). Also in tocopherols content the tendency was the same, besides less pronounced, occurred a reduction of 65 and 79% with t = 10 min in the olive oils with higher and lower total phenols content respectively. Additionally it was observed a significant reduction in total sterols, antioxidant activity and pigments content.


Bilateral filter has shown its outstanding performance in image denoising and other multimedia applications. In this paper, a new color interpolation technique named joint bilateral demosaicking is proposed. Considering the image gradient, an edge-sensing initialization step is performed. In addition, joint bilateral filter exploits the correlation between color channels with the information from initialization while preserving edges. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed technique in suppressing demosaicking artifacts and producing more visually acceptable images.


Wheat leaf rust is caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina. The genetics of resistance follows the gene‐for‐gene hypothesis, and thus the presence or absence of a single host resistance gene renders a plant resistant or susceptible to a leaf rust race bearing the corresponding avirulence gene. To investigate some of the changes in the proteomes of both host and pathogen during disease development, a susceptible line of wheat infected with a virulent race of leaf rust were compared to mock‐inoculated wheat using 2‐DE (with IEF pH 4–8) and MS. Up‐regulated protein spots were excised and analyzed by MALDI‐QqTOF MS/MS, followed by cross‐species protein identification. Where possible MS/MS spectra were matched to homologous proteins in the NCBI database or to fungal ESTs encoding putative proteins. Searching was done using the MASCOT search engine. Remaining unmatched spectra were then sequenced de novo and queried against the NCBInr database using the BLAST and MS BLAST tools. A total of 32 consistently up‐regulated proteins were examined from the gels representing the 9‐day post‐infection proteome in susceptible plants. Of these 7 are host proteins, 22 are fungal proteins of known or hypothetical function and 3 are unknown proteins of putative fungal origin.


Instantaneous state analysis method is used to set up a mathematic model for compressed air engine,and fluid flow software Flowmaster flow software is used for research on the effect of parameters of compressed air system on performances for the engine.Through simulation,approach and method are brought out for increasing compressed air engine power performance and meliorate its economy performance.Research results indicate the following the pressure in the cylinder are increased by shortening up or down stream pipe length before or behind the inlet valve,and expanding upstream pipe diameter;The relation between downstream pipe diameter and charge quality is based on the Mach number in the downstream pipe of inlet valve;Indicative power is increased by expending exhaust valve diameter and adopting appropriate intake advance angle;Enhancing the pressure in the cylinder,improving the efficiency of intake air,increasing the indicative power are beneficial to improve power and economy performances for the compressed air engine.


Sedimentary organic carbon in some Late Archean rocks are anomalously depleted in 13 C (δ 13 C org = -45 to -60‰). The origin of the isotope anomaly is still unknown and is possibly resulted from biological uptake of methane (methanotrophy) or deposition of hydrocarbon haze. To test the hypotheses, small-scale isotopic analyses of both inorganic and organic carbon were conducted for various lithologies of 2.7 Ga sedimentary rocks in Fortescue Group, Western Australia. For this purpose, a new analytical method was developed for measuring small samples. As a result, low δ 13 C organic matter occurs not only in stromatolite as previously pointed out, but also in black laminated mud. Also, the δ 13 C org seems not correlated with δ 13 C carb value as opposed to the case expected when methanotrophs are active because methanotrophs typically produce not only very 13 C-depleted organic matter but also CO 2 . These results do not support the methanotrophy scenario. Furthermore, a relationship between δ 13 C org value and TOC contents is consistent with a mixing of two organic end-members with different isotopic ratios. The observed δ 13 C org -TOC trend appears to occur in each lithology of the sedimentary rocks, suggesting that the source of the low δ 13 C org distributed uniformly irrespective to the depositional environment. This may suggest that the anomalously 13 C-depleted organics could have been deposited from atmosphere at about 2.7 Ga.


Chapter 11 considers access to Leonardo's Salvator Mundi in England c. 1630–50. It proposes that the painting was inaccessible in the queen's private apartments in the 1630s, which accounts for its invisibility in surviving documentation and its escape of campaigns of iconoclasm focused on royal chapels during the civil wars of the 1640s. It proposes the painting first came into public view in 1649, when it was put on display at the Commonwealth Sale. This is attested by lists prepared for foreign buyers by agents in London. The chapter expands to include works attributed to Leonardo from the collection of Charles I, in the hands of French and Flemish dealers in the 1650s.


1999 Montreal convention is an important result of modernization and consolidation of Warsaw liability system by air transportation and is put into force by 2003.It symbolizes that the law of international air transportation liability has get into a new stage.With the method of analysis,this essay will explore the relationship between Montreal convention and Warsaw liability system and conclude its new developments.At last,it puts forward that some important points of legislation have been transferred from protecting carrier interests to consumer interests,and objectivity and being unlimited are common treads for international private aviation law of the 21st century.


Love and pain are rooted deeply in Algernon Charles Swinburne's Atalanta in Calydon (1865), and the two share such an intimate, delicate bond that they are inextricably linked. Much of the criticism dealing with the play, though, has looked primarily at such issues as its classical roots, its nineteenth-century antitheism, and its prosody, as Richard Mathews notes. (1) The resonance of emotion in the play also captures critical attention, and, in fact, few can write about Atalanta in Calydon without at least cursory mention of love in its various incarnations--whether romantic, sexual, or maternal Many critics regard love in the play as an attempt to reassemble the pieces of a sundered soul, and, in its failure, love is viewed as the progenitor of pain, as divisive, and ultimately as a destructive force. (2) I argue, however, that love is not the cause of human misery (existence is) because the "love" Swinburne presents in the play is influenced strongly by Schopenhauer's conception of love; moreover, it is presented within the context of Schopenhauerian pessimism--an understanding of humanity and the nature of the world wherein we are driven by a blind will to live and duped into maintaining the species, which in turn continues the inevitable suffering and torment that defines human life. For Schopenhauer, the love and sexual desire that appear to be individually motivated are actually part of an instinctual mechanism serving the species as a whole) I use the word "love" throughout this paper because it is the term Schopenhauer and Swinburne use. My exploration of love in Swinburne's play is not to be taken as saccharine or sentimental (nor is my use of the word intended to convey a narrowly defined small "r" romantic love). Rather, "love" will connote Schopenhauer's idea of "sexual impulse" and the "soap-bubble delusion" that motivates reproduction and thus the continuation of the species. Schopenhauer himself addresses the potential confusion of the nature of the "love" being discussed. Of love, he writes: It is no trifle that is in question here.... The ultimate end of all love affairs ... is really more important than all other ends of human life, and is therefore quite worthy of the profound seriousness with which every one pursues it. That which is decided by it is nothing less than the composition of the next generation. (p. 340) In The Philosophy of Schopenhauer, Bryan Magee explains Schopenhauer's defense of love as a worthy topic of investigation: For the fact is that any given individual can be the offspring of two given parents only, and not of any other couple. So the couplings of parents determine not just that the world shall be peopled but specifically by whom it shall be peopled. (4) This idea of procreation as a process of selection along with Schopenhauer's discussion in other chapters of biological impulses, heredity, and the life of the species, is, of course, a precursor to Darwin's theory of evolution. (5) Thus, while some of Schopenhauer's ideas seem curmudgeonly and simplistic--or worse, at times utterly ridiculous and scientifically unsound--it is because as twenty-first-century readers we cannot appreciate the contemporary newness of his ideas (Magee, p. 287). His influence is considerable; he paves the way for revolutions in thought. In addition to anticipating Darwinian evolutionary biology, Schopenhauer's work describing the sexual impulse and love as the undetected motivators underlying human behaviour predates Freud's work on the libido and the unconscious mind. (6) Magee articulates Schopenhauer's contribution as follows: Schopenhauer was the first great philosopher to see the mind in biological terms, to see it first and foremost as a physical organ at work, a survival mechanism whose operations are to be understood only in terms of the functions for which it has been evolved; and to see in this light that man is not a rational animal, since mind is not a spectator but an instrument, constructed not for the detached observation of the world or the impersonal acquisition of knowledge but to light the field for action, and is therefore not sovereign but subordinate to the purposes of the will. …


This paper is a follow-on to that which was presented during ICES 2010 on the development of a unique full pressure suit known as the Demonstrator Suit. This paper discusses the process used to design the suit, and describes the final design details of each component. The Demonstrator Suit is designed to address requirements associate to Launch, Entry and Abort as well as contingency Extravehicular activity, including contingency pressurized operations at 8 pounds per square inch differential. It consists of a breathable and lightweight gas container, Dacron and Link-net restraint layer, and an external fire retardant cover layer. The suit employs a Pressure Sealing Closure in the Uentry orientation, a cable-assisted shoulder joint, upper arm bearings that provide medial/lateral rotation, and very low torque single degree of freedom elbow and knee joints, which provide excellent mobility nearly independent of suit pressure. Waist and hip mobility are achieved with patterned convolutes that work in tandem with cables and pulleys. Significant pressure and man loads are managed by a system of high strength spectra webbings, integrated to stainless steel hardware. A unique and innovative resizing method was designed for this suit, which enables fast, simple and precise resizing. The paper concludes with a list of recommendations for the next iteration of this suit architecture. If a single suit architecture is pursued in future human spaceflight programs, the achievements of this suit design effort provide a stepping stone for further design and development.


Transient anisotropic reflectivity change spectra of InP quantum dots have been observed by means of two-color pump-probe spectroscopy. The results show a fast decay component with a lifetime of 100‐200 ps which depends on the probe energy, followed by the slow decay component of 1 ns. The reflectivity change spectra have a dispersive shape having a maximum on the higher energy side of the photoluminescence PL band by 80 meV, and a dip located at the maximum of the PL band. Interestingly, the reflectivity change signals observed for the 11 ¯ 0 and 110 polarizations have the opposite sign when the probe energy is set between the first and second exciton states. The temporal change of spectra is simulated by means of a Monte Carlo method, and the model is found to well reproduce the experimental result. Further, the model enables us to evaluate the microscopic exciton parameters of single quantum dots by macroscopic observations. The oscillator strengths along the 110 and 11¯0 directions at the PL peak energy are evaluated to be fx=0.37 and fy=0.71, respectively. The oscillator strength is about five times smaller than simple theoretical estimates. This suggests a small overlap of the envelope functions which is consistent with the existence of a permanent dipole moment observed in these QDs.


Two fungicides registered for the control of Pythium spp. were evaluated for their effects on size and time to flowering of seed-propagated geraniums (Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey). Fungicide drenches of fenaminosulf and metalaxyl were applied to geraniums grown in soilless root medium: 1) at seeding (S); 2) at seeding and transplanting (ST); 3) at seeding, transplanting, and 1 week after transplanting (ST + 1); 4) at transplanting (T); and 5) 1 week after transplanting (T + 1). Metalaxyl drenching schedules did not significantly influence plant size or time to flowering. Fenaminosulf drenching schedules 3 and 4 significantly reduced plant size, and drenching schedule 3 significantly increased days to flowering in comparison to control plants. Although fenaminosulf is used infrequently because of limited availability, the detrimental effects of this fungicide on plant size and time to flowering warrant similar investigations with additional fungicides and crops. Chemical names used: sodium[4(dimethylamino) phenyl]diazenesulfonate (fenaminosulf); N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl) -N(methoxyacetyl) -DL-alanine methyl ester (metalaxyl). Pythium spp. are important and often devastating pathogens of seed-propagated geraniums. Root rot and lower stem rot of young and mature geraniums caused by Pythium ultimum Trow can be a common occurrence among certain cultivars, causing considerable plant loss (Hausbeck et al., 1987; Powell, 1982). Less severe root rot may result in plant stunting and delay of flowering that may go unnoticed if silver thiosulfate (STS), a petal-shattering preventative, is not applied (Hausbeck et al., 1989a). Silver thiosulfate application to seed-propagated geraniums infected with even low levels of P. ultimum increases the incidence of plant death caused by pythium lower stem rot (Hausbeck et al., 1989b). Current control practices for pythium root rot and lower stem rot of seed-propagated geraniums include sanitation and application serve as inoculum that may be unknowingly transported throughout production areas by greenhouse personnel (Stephens et al., 1983; Stephens and Powell, 1982). Several fungicides are recommended for control of diseases caused by Pythium spp. on seed-propagated geraniums (Powell, 1982; Stephens, 1984). Preventive fungicide treatment is warranted for production systems using STS but invariably involves fungicide applications to plants not infected with the targeted pathogen. The effects of such drenches on plant growth and time to flowering are seldom considered in disease management strategies, primarily due to lack of information. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of two fungicides registered to control Pythium spp. on the size and time to flowering of seed-propagated geraniums. pleted, the crop coefficients used in the USDA irrigation scheduling program were revised. This was done by trial and error, until resimulations with 1987 weather data showed that the program would predict an irrigation regime similar to that applied to T, in 1987. An equation for computing these revised coefficients is given in Table 4 and the revised coefficients are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Note that the revised coefficients would indicate early season Kco values < 0.30. However, a statement in the scheduling program specifies 0.30 as the minimum value of Kco. With the revised coefficients, it is also necessary to assume that the root-zone depth increases linearly from 30 cm at planting to 60 cm at effective cover and it is necessary to specify irrigations when 40% of the available soil water in the root zone is depleted. Use of the revised coefficients in 1986 would have closely duplicated T2, the treatment that produced a high yield and the best WUE. In 1985, the revised coefficients would have given an irrigation regime similar to T4, which produced the highest, although not statistically significant, yield and WUE. Table 5 lists the number of irrigations and depth of water applied to the best treatment in each of the 3 years, and, for comparison, the same data if the revised crop coefficients and rooting assumptions had been used. We can conclude that the revised coefficients would have produced the best irrigation scheduling results for all 3 years of our study. We recommend an irrigation scheduling program based on the revised coefficients (Table 4) for carrots in northern Colorado and similar climates to obtain the best combination of high yields and water use efficiency with a minimal number of irrigations. The irrigation scheduling program is available from E. G. K., J. E. E., and A.E.M. for use on IBM-compatible microcomputers.


This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of a flexible piezoresistive flow sensor comprising a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) cantilever with a serpentine graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) strain gauge embedded at the cantilever base. A facile and cleanroom-free processing work flow involving a combination of high-resolution powder bed fusion and soft lithography was used to fabricate PDMS cantilevers (aspect ratio 20) with 150 μm × 150 μm microchannels on its surface. A high gauge factor of 55 (up to 5 times higher than reported in comparable piezoresistive flow sensors) was achieved using drop- casted GNP ink as the piezoresistive sensing element in the aforementioned microchannels. Finally, the use of the PDMS- graphene cantilever as an airflow sensor with enhanced sensitivity (20 times more than comparable piezoresistive cantilever sensors), low hysteresis, good repeatability, and bidirectional sensing capability was demonstrated.