INTRODUCTION Trees of the avocado cultivar Ryan is known for their excessive leaf abscission in early spring when the infl orescences emerge. Apparently leaf drop occurs mostly from the previous spring and summer fl ush and it is thus the over-wintered leaves which are abscised. No scientifi c study could be found in which these observations were investigated in detail. The effi ciency of over-wintered leaves is of high importance for the production of photoassimilates, which are needed for fl owering, fruit set and early fruit development. In addition to photoassimilates produced by over-wintered leaves, stored carbohydrates are also important to fuel fruit set and early fruit development (Wolstenholme, 2001). The spring fl ush that emerges at the time of fruit set may take up to 40 days before the leaves become net exporters of carbohydrates thereby competing with developing fruit for food reserves and photoassimilates (Whiley & Schaffer, 1994). Consequently the developing spring fl ush inABSTRACT Excessive leaf abscission occurs in the avocado cultivar Ryan during fl owering. Severity of leaf abscission varies between areas and orchards and could be infl uenced by stress factors, such as drought, climate and nutrient defi ciencies. Natural aging might also play a role in excessive leaf abscission. The possible causes of excessive leaf abscission were investigated, and chemicals applied for its prevention. The largest percentage of leaves dropped from fl owering time until two weeks after fl owering, although leaf drop was not statistically signifi cant for the two 'Ryan' blocks under investigation. Macroand micro-element leaf analysis of 'Ryan', 'Fuerte' and 'Hass' trees showed a signifi cant decrease in leaf N and P content for 'Ryan' over the monitoring time (six weeks before fl owering to six weeks after fl owering) to values lower than the recommended norms. Iron levels increased markedly at fl owering after which it again declined to the previous levels, which might be an indication of earlier water stress. Further leaf samples were taken for 'Ryan' at fi ve different stages of discoloration up to leaf abscission and again a signifi cant decrease in N and P content was observed over the different stages. Nitrogen and P levels, as well as irrigation may therefore play a role in the leaf abscission problem of 'Ryan'. Bark starch content of 'Ryan' trees decreased signifi cantly after fl owering, as found by measuring on a monthly basis from June to October 2005. The early morning determinations of RWC of 'Ryan', 'Fuerte' and 'Hass' showed no signifi cant difference in trend for 'Ryan'. The midday stem water potential and midday RWC of 'Ryan' showed no obvious deviation in trend over six different stages from fl ower bud break to fruit set. No defi nite leaf abscission layer was observed in any of the different stages of 'Ryan' leaf discoloration as determined by light microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of 'Ryan' and 'Fuerte' leaf samples of the different coloration stages showed that immature leaves had a thinner cuticle as compared to the other leaf stages. In an attempt to reduce leaf abscission, the following chemical applications were made to 'Ryan' trees: 2 kg/tree dolomitic lime, 50 g/tree solubor and a combination thereof, as well as 30 mg/l NAA, 10 mg/l BA, 5 ml/l Kelpak®, 20 mg/l sodium nitroprusside and 30 g/l (3%) kaolin, at the stage of fl ower bud break. Leaf abscission and fruit set were recorded. None of the chemical treatments reduced leaf abscission. Chemical treatments also had a negative effect on fruit set.


The power grid frequency is the central observable in power system control, as it measures the balance of electrical supply and demand. A reliable frequency forecast can facilitate rapid control actions and may thus greatly improve power system stability. Here, we develop a weighted-nearest-neighbour (WNN) predictor to investigate how predictable the frequency trajectories are. Our forecasts for up to one hour are more precise than averaged daily profiles and could increase the efficiency of frequency control actions. Furthermore, we gain an increased understanding of the specific properties of different synchronous areas by interpreting the optimal prediction parameters (number of nearest neighbours, the prediction horizon, etc.) in terms of the physical system. Finally, prediction errors indicate the occurrence of exceptional external perturbations. Overall, we provide a diagnostics tool and an accurate predictor of the power grid frequency time series, allowing better understanding of the underlying dynamics.


Since the 1980s, the concomitance of several unfavorable developments has highlighted the difficulties of pay-as-you-go pension schemes in ensuring their financial balance. Public pension systems have entered a crisis in several countries.
Some believe that the only way out of this impasse is to break free from the "pay-as-you-go trap" by setting up funded pension plans. The main argument put forward is that, unlike the old public pay-as-you-go systems, a funded pension, based on individual savings, is immune to the problem of population aging.
However, in this paper, we will try to show that, contrary to what is often argued, capitalization is not a system intrinsically protected against the consequences of demographic aging. With a generation smaller than the one that preceded it, it will be very difficult to finance pensions, whether by pay-as-you-go or funded. We must not lose sight of the fact that, fundamentally, pensions are nothing more than a drain on the work of those in active employment at the time the pensions are received. This basic reality may be barely visible in the case of a system based on individual savings, but it is nonetheless true.


Thesis is one of the biggest challenges for students. This is because students often do not understand the method of writing a thesis as a scientific paper. This research was carried out to examine the mastery of research methodology and statistics on the quality of student thesis. The research method used in this study is quantitative research. The results of this study then found a positive and very significant relationship between mastery of educational research methodology material and the quality of the thesis. Then a positive and very significant relationship was also found between the level of student mastery of the statistics course material and thesis quality. Finally, the hypothesis testing concluded that between the variables of student mastery of research methodology material and statistics course material, there was a positive and very significant relationship with the thesis quality of university students.


An understanding of MORB petrogenesis requires compositional data on primary melts, as these provide direct information on the PT-conditions and mechanisms of mantle melting and melt segregation beneath mid-ocean ridges. The reconstruction of primary melts from the compositions of erupted liquids (pillow-rim glasses) requires an understanding of the early crystallisation history of the primary melts. As recent models of MORB petrogenesis imply that not only early crystallisation, but, also extensive mixing of primary melts occurs, information on the early stages of evolution of the primary melts is even more crucial. Such information may be preserved by early formed phenocrysts and can be obtained by studying these phenocrysts and their melt inclusions. However, the ability of melt inclusions to preserve the compositions of trapped liquids needs to be examined (e.g., homogenised melt inclusions in cotectic phenocrysts should have the same compositions, and those trapped during a period of fractionation, as recorded by the pillow-rim glasses, should have compositions similar to the glasses).
The three MORB suites described in this thesis are from ODP/DSDP Holes 896A and 504B, Costa Rica Rift, and Sample D9-1 from the Gorda Ridge, in the east Pacific Ocean. Compositional and textural variations of phenocrysts (olivine, plagioclase and spine!) have been used to interpret the crystallisation history for each suite and, together with pillow-rim glass compositions, form the basis for interpreting the compositional variations of melt inclusions.
Samples from the Costa Rica Rift and the Gorda Ridge have phenocryst assemblages dominated by calcic plagioclase (>An\(_{88}\)) with lesser olivine (<Fo\(_{91.6}\)) and Cr-Al spinel. The magmatic histories of samples from both ridge segments are dominated by low pressure (<2 kb) fractionation (both crystal and in-situ), magma mixing and minor crustal assimilation. The high pressure fractionation of phases other than olivine is not an important process in the history of these suites.
The Hole 896A and 504B samples are strongly LREE-depleted, and record cotectic olivine+plagioclase crystallisation at <9.5 wt.% MgO. However, melt inclusions and phenocrysts record an initial period of olivine-only crystallisation from 1340°C, ~15 wt.% MgO and Fo\(_{91.6}\) to ~1215°C, 9.5 wt.% MgO and Fo\(_{87}\) followed by cotectic olivine (<Fo\(_{87}\))+plagioclase (<An\(_{94}\)) crystallisation as recorded by the pillowrim glasses.
In contrast, the Gorda Ridge sample is less LREE-depleted, and melt inclusions and phenocrysts recorded cotectic olivine (<Fo\(_{90}\)) and plagioclase(<An\(_{94}\)) crystallisation from ~1230°C, 10.5 wt.% MgO. The melt inclusions and phenocrysts are related to the host pillow-rim glasses (Mg0<8.5 wt.%) by mixing and in-situ fractionation processes.
Melt inclusions in primitive phenocrysts do not preserve evidence for diverse melt fractions produced in a polybaric melting column. Crystallisation, therefore, commenced after aggregation of these liquids, or the trapped liquids are the result of fractionation from isobaric batch melts.
Olivine-addition calculations for Costa Rica Rift (Hole 896A) and Gorda Ridge samples indicate primary batch melts were in equilibrium with a mantle source (MORB pyrolite-90) at 18-20 Kb and this is confirmed by preliminary results of basaltperidotite sandwich experiments on a potential Hole 896A primary liquid (T. J. Falloon pers. comm., 1997).
Melting parameters (P\(_o\), P\(_f\), F\(_{max}\) ) were estimated using published polybaric melting models. The major element (FeO* and Na\(_2\)O) compositions of possible aggregate liquids for the studied suites are consistent with both equilibrium and fractional melting, with P\(_o\)=20-27 kb, P\(_f\) =5-18 kb and F\(_{max}\)=12-24%. For the Costa Rica Rift and Gorda Ridge samples currently available models cannot differentiate between these alternative origins as aggregates of equilibrium or fractional melts, or by fractionation from an isobaric batch melt.
The results of heating stage experiments indicate that if the magmatic liquids were fluid-saturated and the kinetics of melting during reheating are taken into consideration, then melt inclusions in plagioclase and olivine can be successfully homogenised and yield trapping, or crystallisation temperatures. However, these homogenisation temperatures are up to 50°C lower than trapping temperatures inferred from published vertical furnace experiments (e.g., Nielsen et al., 1995). The melt inclusions in vertical furnace experiments are here interpreted to have been overheated (and possibly poorly quenched), and consequently, their compositions are not representative of the liquids trapped to form the melt inclusions. As such, they cannot be used to infer aspects of the petrogenesis of a given suite of samples.
A comparison of the compositions of melt inclusions in cotectic (plagioclase, olivine and spinel) phenocrysts, and in phenocrysts interpreted to have crystallised from liquids similar to the pillow-rim glasses, has identified compositional variations, particularly for TiO\(_2\) and FeO* in plagioclase-hosted inclusions, that are not related to trapped liquid compositions. These compositional variations, found in all phenocryst phases, are thought to be caused by post-trapping re-equilibration. However, the melt inclusions do partially recover trapped liquid compositions and can, with care, be used to interpret the magmatic history of a sample, or suite of samples.


Organic semiconductors for opto-electronic devices show several defects which can be enhanced while increasing the operating temperature. Their thermal management and especially the reduction of their temperature are of great interest. For the heat transfer study, one has to measure the thermal conductivity of thin film organic materials. However the major difficulty for this measurement is the very low thickness of the films which needs the use of very specific techniques. In our work, the 3-omega and photothermal radiometric methods were used to measure the thermal conductivity of thin film organic semiconducting material (Alq3). The measurements were performed as function of the thin film thickness from 45 to 785 nm and also of its temperature from 80 to 350 K. With the 3 omega method, a thermal conductivity value of 0.066 W.m −1 K −1 was obtained for Alq3 thin film of 200 nm at room temperature, in close agreement with the photothermal value. Both techniques appear to be complementary: the 3 omega method is easier to implement for large temperature range and small thicknesses down to a few tens of nanometers whereas the photothermal method is more suitable for thicknesses over 200nm since it provides additional information such as the thin film volumetric heat capacity.


This article introduces the difficulties which were met in primary crusher and long distance belt transportation installation project.Especially for the long distance belt transportation construction installation,the detail work and lots of resolvents are introduced as well.


It might feel like the depths of winter, but Australian fire services are preparing for an early start to the bushfire season. Sydney has been covered with smoke from hazard reduction burns, and the New South Wales Rural Fire Service has forecast a "horrific" season. Disciplines Medicine and Health Sciences | Social and Behavioral Sciences Publication Details Boer, M., Nolan, R. & Bradstock, R. A. (2017). Dry winter primes Sydney Basin for early start of bushfire season. The Conversation, 21 August 1-4. This journal article is available at Research Online: http://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/4925


We use the Gutzwiller ansatz and analyze the phase diagram of the extended Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian with on-site (U) and nearest-neighbor (V) repulsions. For d-dimensional hypercubic lattices, when 2dV U, in this Rapid Communication, we show that the ground state has only CDW insulators, and more importantly, the SS phase occupies a much larger region in the phase diagram, existing up to very large hopping values which could be orders of magnitude higher than that of the well-known case. In particular, the SS-superfluid phase boundary increases linearly as a function of hopping when 2dV > or approx. 1.5U, for which the prospects of observing the SS phase with dipolar Bose gases loaded into optical lattices is much higher.


Through building the inbound business tourist flow network of China,this research analyzed the geographical distribution and flowing rules of inbound business tourist flows in China with the methodologies derived from the social network analysis.The study results are:1.The geographical distribution of the inbound business tourist flows on China is unbalanced and the concentrating distribution destinaiton cities and regions are: Guangzhou,Beijing,Shanghai,Hongkong,the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta.2.Guangzhou is the centre of the inbound business tourist network in China and is the most important gathering and distributing centre of inbound business tourist flows.3.The nodes in the inbound business tourist flow network can be classified into four levels: the first level including Guangzhou,Beijing,Shanghai,Hongkong,which are the first-order core cities in the inbound business tourist flow network,the second level including Suzhou,Guilin,Hangzhou,which are the secondary core cities in the inbound business tourist flow network,the third level including Yiwu,Xi'an,Huangshan,Shenzhen,Macao,Wuxi,Xiamen,which are the third core cities in the inbound business tourist flow network,and the rest nodes in the inbound business tourist flow network are edge cities.


Let X be a complex normed space with dual space X′ and let T be a bounded linear operator on X. The numerical range of T is defined as and the numerical radius is v(T) = sup {|ν: νε V(T)}. Most known results and problems concerning numerical range can be found in the notes by Bonsall and Duncan (5).


Liddell talks with scholars Narvaez, Bock, and Gomberg about their research on the relationship of moral judgment development to various aspects of moral focus and identity.


PFF65-140 flange gate valve is a high pressure gate valve,it is suitable for all kinds of christmas tree,wellhead assembly,pipe manifold and casing head.In order to justify the rationality and safety of the high pressure gate valve design,the three-dimensional solid model of ultra-high pressure wellhead gate valve was established.Under conditions of rated working pressure and hydrostatic testing pressure,the finite element analysis of strength of gate valve body was done by using the Solidworks and Cosmos analysis software,the calculation results showed that there was high stress area existent in gate valve body.Using ASME stress analysis method analyzed its stress combination,result proved that the design was safe.


Chymopapain inhibitor activity is found in young, excised tomato leaflets exposed to continuous illumination at 30 °C and 50 to 60% relative humidity. Inhibitor activity is accompanied by the formation of cubical crystals in the leaf mesophyll cells. As chymopapain inhibitor activity increases, crystals increase in number and volume. There is a strong positive correlation between crystal volume and inhibitor activity.


Contrast-enhanced computed tomography clearly distinguished enhanced liver parenchyma and an unenhanced round mass; the latter occupied most of the region where the right lobe should be situated. In the prone position, the round lesions moved to the posterior side of the cyst. By magnetic resonance imaging, the T1-weighted image (Fig.2) shows the cyst of lower intensity and a thinned liver parenchyma (arrow) of a higher intensity. The mass was avascular on angiography.


A comparison of the asymmetric stretching frequency v3 and unit cell length a. for a series of hexahalogeno-metallates A2MX6 [A = K+, Rbt, Cs+ and NH4+, M = Ru, Os, Sn and Te and X = C1, Br] has been made. Trends observed for the tellurium and tin compounds may be related to steric factors whereas possible M+X d,-p, bonding may explain the opposite trend found for ruthenium and osmium compounds. It has often been reported that for the transition metal hexahalogeno complexes the asymmetric stretching frequency v, (in the infrared) increases as the size of the cation decrea~ed.',~ This has been attributed to variations in the M-X .n-bonding. In order to investigate this effect a range of compounds have been studied and attempts made to relate the infrared data to the structural parameters of the metal complexes. The complexes A2MX6 [A = K', Rb', CS+ and NH,'; M = Ru, Os, Sn and Te; and X = C1 and Br] all exhibit the cubic K2PtC16 structure. Up to 12 lines on the X-ray powder diffractograms were measured and calculation of the cell parameter a, was carried out by least-squares refinement. The results are listed in Table 1. The space available in the unit cell for the halogens can be estimated in a variety of ways. One such is to calculate the quantity ao/J2 2rA. It is clear from the figures in Table 1 that as the cation size increases there is, overall, less space available for the halogen and hence for the hexahalogeno anions MX6Z-. (A similar calculation for the ammonium salts is possible, but less reliable because of the possibility of hydrogen bonding influencing the unit cell size.) The constraint arising from an increase in cation size could be expected to lead to a rise in the metal-halogen stretching frequency. This is observed for the tellurium compounds, while the tin complexes show little or no significant change with cation. It is probable that the tin complexes are normal and the tellurium compounds abnormal. For the latter element the influence of the lone pair is to lengthen the Te-X bond significantly. This is reflected in the low values of the asymmetric stretching mode v,. Since the Te-X bond is longer than expected for a normal covalent bond it is probably more susceptible to constraints imposed in the solid state. Adams, D. M., 'Metal-Ligand and Related Vibrations' (Edward Arnold: London 1967). Adams, D. M., Gebbie, H. A,, and Peacock, R. D., Nature, 1963,199,278. Short Communications The same lattice compression occurs for the hexahalogeno complexes of ruthenium and osmium, but the trend in v, is in the opposite direction (Table I), viz. the frequency decreases with increase in cation size. Clearly some other factor becomes important for the transition metals. The principal difference between the transition metals and the metals of the p-block is the ability of the transition metal to donate d electrons to Table 1. X-ray powder diffractogram data a, is in A and is + o ~ O O ~ + O ~ O O ~ A ; v3 is in cm-' and is +2-+3 cm-'; r, is the radius of the alkali metal cation: K t 1.33, Rbt 1 e48, Cs+ 1.69 A Compound a0 v 3 ao/2/2-2rA I Compound ao v3 ao/422 r ~ A Our results agree with those of Hiraishi, J., Nakagawa, I., and Shimanouchi, T., Spectrochim. Acta, 1964, 20 819, and Beattie, I. R., McQuillan, G. P., Rule, L., and Webster, M., J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 1514. A value of 346 cm-I has been reported by Adams, D. M., and Gebbie, H. A., Spectrochim. Acta, 1963, 19, 925. For values similar to ours see ref. 1, p. 64. For the same result see Woodward, L. A,, and Ware, M. J., Spectrochim. Acta, 1964, 20, 711. the ligand in a n-bond M(d,)+X(d,). It is suggested that this is the reason for the observed trend in v , with a, for the ruthenium and osmium complexes. The reason for the increase in v, with decrease in size of the cation is probably the stronger polarizing influence of smaller cations on the halogen, which assists in the electron donation from transition metal to halogen. If the M(d,)+X(d,) bond is important it could be expected to increase in strength across the transition metal series. The listed in Table 2 indicate that this is so. Data presented by Brown, McDugle and Kent6 show a similar trend in v , across the third transition metal series for the MC1,'species; however, they do not specify the counter cation. The trend in a, is as expected; but the change is small compared with the change in a, with alkali metal cation. Hence compression of the lattice will be Edwards, A. J., Peacock, R. D., and Said, A., J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 4643. "Kennedy, C . J., and Peacock, R. D., J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 3392. Fergusson, J. E., and Scaife, D. E., Aust. J. Chem., 1971, 24, 1325. Brown, T. L., McDugle, W. G., and Kent, L. G., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1970,92, 3645. Short Communications small but significant. The change in v, is in accord with the lattice compression but, the increase in the stretching frequency is greater than expected for a small change in a,,. Table 2. Changes across the transition metal series We suggest this is due to an increase in the degree of M+X rc-bond as the number of d-electrons increase. -Compound ao v3 ao/ 42 2rA 1 campound a0 ~3 a01 42-2rA Experimental CSzM0C16 10.273 325' 3.88 Cs2TcC16 10.26* 315 3.88 CS~RUCI, 10.208 327 3.84 Cs2Rhcl6 10.24 330 3.86 CszPdCls 10.17 334 3.81 The complexes were prepared by standard methods described in the literature, and analysed for halogen. The infrared spectra were obtained with a R.I.I.C. FS720 Fourier spectrometer, and the powder diffraction data obtained on a Phillips 1010/30 automatic diffractometer. The powder data were calibrated with NaCI; an a, value of 5.639 i( was used. K2WC16 9.8g4 3242,4 4-33 KzReC16 9.855 318 4-31 KzOsCls 9.780 325 4.28 K2IrCI6 9.7655 3315 4.25 KzPtC16 9.74S5 3445 4.23 Acknowledgment A Estimated. We wish to thank the New Zealand Universities Grants Committee for grants for equipment. Manuscript received 1 October 1973


Abstract Landslide susceptibility map is considered as one of the important steps in assessing vulnerability of an area to landslide hazard. In this study, the main objective is to propose ensemble machine learning models: BF, DF and RSSF which are a combination of Fuzzy Unordered Rules Induction algorithm (F) and three optimization techniques namely Bagging, Decorate, and Random Subspace, respectively for landslide susceptibility mapping. In addition, two other single models namely F and Support Vector Machines (SVM) were also applied for the comparison of performance of the proposed models. For this purpose, the Sin Ho district, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam was selected as the study area. For the development of models, database of 850 present and historical landslides of this province including ten landslide affecting input parameters namely slope, curvature, elevation, aspect, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), deep division, river density, fault density, aquifer, and geology were used. Validation of the models was done using various popular statistical indicators including Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics (AUC) curve. The results show that the BF model (AUC = 0.923) is the best model for accurate landslide susceptibility mapping (LSM) in comparison to other models namely DF (AUC = 0.899), RSSF (AUC = 0.893), SVM (AUC = 0.840), and F (AUC = 0.862). The study revealed that LSM map constructed using BF model can be used for better land use planning and proper landslide hazard management.


Supernovae, with their diversity of compositions, velocities, envelope masses, and interactions are good testing grounds for probing the importance of NLTE in expanding atmospheres. In addition to treating H, He, Li I, O I, Ne I, Na I, and Mg II in NLTE, we use a very large model atom of Fe II to test the importance of NLTE processes in both SNe Ia and II. Since the total number of potential line transitions that one has to include is enormous ($\approx 40$ million), approximations and simplifications are required to treat the problem accurately and in finite computer time. With our large Fe II model atom (617 levels, 13,675 primary NLTE line transitions) we are able to test several assumptions for treating the background opacity that are needed to obtain correct UV line blanketing which determines the shape of near-maximum light supernova spectra. We find that, due to interactions within the multiplets, treating the background lines as pure scattering (thermalization parameter $\epsilon = 0$) is a poor approximation and that an overall mean value of $\epsilon \sim 0.05 - 0.10 $ is a far better approximation. This is true even in SNe Ia, where the continuum absorption optical depth at 5000 \AA\ ($\equiv \tau_{\rm std}$) is $<< 1$. We also demonstrate that a detailed treatment of NLTE effects is required to properly determine the ionization states of both abundant and trace elements.


: Changes in analytical procedures, and detection limits with sub-detection limit data censoring, can have profound effects on trend analysis and add tedium and uncertainty to the process. Less accurate methods early in the record may produce not only high-biased data but also greater variance. The consequence of this is an artificial induction of a down-trend. In datasets with multiple procedure changes embracing relatively short time periods, there can be considerable difficulty in judging whether the data from adjacent time blocks can be coalesced to increase the length of the time period being analyzed and hence increase trend detection power. In the absence of paired comparisons between 'old' and 'new' procedures, combining adjacent data blocks adds uncertainty to any conclusions drawn. The consequence of changing (usually lowering) detection limits with data censoring at the detection limits may induce artificial (usually down) trends. Data censoring may be of concern when using non-parametric statistics because multiple tied values may result, the consequence of which may be the paradoxical situation of significant trend but a zero slope. For


Abstract The experimental nuclear structure data available through August 1994 have been reviewed. A summary of information obtained in various reaction and decay experiments is presented, together with adopted level schemes. The evaluations based only on data published before February 1986 were taken from previous Nuclear Data Sheets publication of H. W. Muller and D. Chmielewska (Nuclear Data Sheets 48, 663 (1986)).


Recently, nonstructured sparse array designs have attracted wide interest due to their capability of providing optimum performance for environment-dependent adaptive beamforming. In this article, we develop a sparse array design approach for adaptive beamforming in the presence of spatially coherently distributed (CD) sources. The proposed approach formulates the design problem via maximizing the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), but it exploits the generalized array manifold of CD sources. Moreover, sequential convex programming is utilized to convert the nonconvex optimization problem into a series of convex subproblems. We also analyze the impact of source distributed shape on optimum array configuration and theoretically prove that when the CD sources are Gaussian-shaped, the uniform linear array (ULA) is exactly the optimum array configuration. The resulting optimum sparse arrays yield higher output SINR and better-shaped beampattern than the structured sparse arrays. Numerical results verify the superiority of the optimum sparse arrays obtained by the proposed approach over the structured sparse arrays.


The utility model discloses a water-spraying precooling tubular indirect evaporative cooling type high-temperature water chiller, which includes two sets of devices having same structures and arranged symmetrically on the left and right sides of an air incoming direction. The structure of each set of device includes a filter, an air cooler and a tubular indirect evaporative cooler arranged sequentially in the air incoming direction; a air inlet is arranged at the front end of the filter; a filler II is arranged at the lower part of the tubular indirect evaporative cooler; and a fan, a water baffle, a nozzle and a filler I are sequentially arranged from top to bottom at the upper part of the tubular indirect evaporative cooler. The two tubular indirect evaporative coolers are adjacent and provided with an air flue therebetween, a water tank is arranged at the lower parts of the two fillers II, the water tank is connected with a sensible heat tail end outside the water chiller and a fresh air handing unit air cooler through pipelines, the fresh air handing unit air cooler is connected with the two tubular indirect evaporative coolers respectively through pipelines. The structure further optimizes the evaporative cooling type water chiller, improves the heat exchange efficiency of sprayed water and damp air, and fully utilizes the self-prepared cold energy.


Ransomware is a high major danger program that may harm any company or person and cost them hundreds of billions. Its number growing rapidly across the years.  As a result, creating a strong defense strategy against this crucial virus is required. Ransomware has grown in importance, and its consequences are becoming more severe. To solve the problem of effectively detecting ransomware, so this paper introduces a new technique to detect ransomware based on five machine learning techniques. To evaluate the proposed method, different evaluation metrics have been used.  The approach was captured n-gram characteristics based on static analysis and used n-gram vector with CF-NCF values to build the models. Using real datasets, the proposed approach shows Its ability to reliably identify between goodware and ransomware files successfully with an accuracy of classification of equal to 98.33%.


Different from binary computation, stochastic computation (SC), as a new paradigm, uses stochastic bit stream (SBS) to encode data. By simplifying computing elements, the circuit area can be greatly reduced. SBS can be generated by a stochastic number generator (SNG) with a variety of formats. In this work, we use unipolar (UP) and bipolar (BP) formats to optimize the traditional SC subtractor, which is named the UP-to-BP Subtractor (UBS). A new cross format coding (CFC) method is proposed for stochastic computing, which combines the UP and BP format, and is applied to Sobel edge detection in image processing algorithms. The fault tolerance and detection efficacy of the proposed CFC method and conventional binary computing are compared in this paper. By using the CFC method, the detected F-Score is improved by 0.15(23%). If the F-score remains unchanged, the processing speed can be about 10 times faster.


Difunctional propylene oligomers which may be used for preparing novel block copolymers were synthesized from telechelic oligomers containing two terminal vinylidene double bonds (PP-TVDs). The PP-...


BACKGROUND
This study determined the effect of mixed (slip- and trip-like stance perturbation) training on reactive responses in people with chronic stroke (PwCS) and examined modulation of their reactive responses on higher intensity perturbations post-training (scaling).

METHODS
Twelve PwCS were exposed to consecutive blocks of treadmill-based slip-like, trip-like perturbations, and mixed-stance perturbations. A higher intensity trial was provided post-block and post-mixed training. Postural stability (center-of-mass position [CoMP] and velocity [CoMV]), compensatory step-length, step-count and trunk angle were examined.

RESULTS
PwCS demonstrated an anterior positioning of the CoM, increased step-length, and reduced compensatory step-count with slip-like block training (p<0.05). Trip-like block training resulted in reductions in step-count, step-length, and trunk angle (p<0.05), however CoMP remained unchanged (p>0.05). With mixed training, a decrease rather than an increase in step-length for slip-like perturbations but a continued decrease in step-length and trunk angle was seen on trip-like perturbations (p<0.05); however CoMP and step-count remained unchanged for both. For both perturbations, the higher intensity trials demonstrated no change from the last block trial. Post-mixed block, the higher intensity trial demonstrated an increase only in step-count on trip-like perturbation. Between post-block and post-mixed higher intensity trials, an increase in step-count and decrease in step-length was noted only for slip-like perturbations.

CONCLUSION
Block training with slip- and trip-like stance-perturbations can enhance reactive responses among PwCS. While mixed perturbation training continued to improve trip-induced adaptation, prior slip-induced adaptive changes were not maintained and further slip-adaptation was not seen. PwCS demonstrated partial-scaling of reactive responses post-block and post-mixed training.


The notion of moral character is central to the way that people think about and evaluate one another (Landy & Uhlmann, Chapter 13, this volume; Pizarro & Tannenbaum, 2011). People prioritize moral character traits when judging the overall favorability of a person (Goodwin, Piazza, & Rozin, 2014) and define personal identity largely in terms of moral characteristics (Strohminger & Nichols, 2014). Moreover, assessments of moral character seem to be rooted in a shared social reality: People's self-rated standing on a variety of moral character traits tends to be associated with the way that others view them (Cohen, Panter, Turan, Morse, & Kim, 2013), and different observers tend to agree with one another about a target's character (Helzer et al., 2014). We approach this chapter from the theoretical standpoint that the centrality of character evaluation is due to its function in social life. Evaluation of character is, we think, inherently a judgment about a person's qualifications for being a solid long-term social investment. That is, people attempt to suss out moral character because they want to know whether a particular agent is the type of person who likely possesses the necessary (even if not sufficient) qualities they expect in a social relationship. In developing these ideas theoretically and empirically, we consider what form moral character takes, discuss what this proposal suggests about how people may and do assess others' moral character, and identify an assortment of qualities that our perspective predicts will be central to moral character evaluation. We begin by putting forward a new idea of what we think moral character means, rooted in a social-cognitive view of the perWhat do people evaluate when they assess another person's moral character?


Adiponectin is an adipocyte‐derived adipokine with potent antidiabetic, anti‐inflammatory, and antiatherogenic activity. Long‐term, high‐fat diet results in gain of bodyweight, adiposity, further inflammatory‐based cardiovascular diseases, and reduced adiponectin secretion. VitaminAderivatives/retinoids are involved in several of these processes, which mainly take place inwhite adipose tissue (WAT). In this study, we examined adiponectin expression as a function of dietary high‐fat and high–vitamin A conditions in mice. A decrease of adiponectin expression in addition to an up‐regulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase A1 (ALDH1A1), retinoid signaling, and retinoic acid response element signalingwas selectively observed in WAT of mice fed a normal–vitaminA, high‐fat diet. Reduced adiponectin expression in WAT was also observed in mice fed a high–vitamin A diet. Adipocyte cell culture revealed that endogenous and synthetic retinoic acid receptor (RAR)α‐ and RAR γ‐selective agonists, as well as a synthetic retinoid X receptor agonist, efficiently reduced adiponectin expression, whereas ALDH1A1 expression only increased with RAR agonists. We conclude that reduced adiponectin expression under high‐fat dietary conditions is dependent on 1) increased ALDH1A1 expression in adipocytes, which does not increase all‐trans‐retinoic acid levels; 2) further RAR ligand–induced, WAT‐selective, increased retinoic acid response element–mediated signaling; and 3) RAR ligand–dependent reduction of adiponectin expression.—Landrier, J.‐F., Kasiri, E., Karkeni, E., Mihály, J., Béke, G., Weiss, K., Lucas, R., Aydemir, G., Salles, J., Walrand, S., de Lera, A. R., Rühl, R. Reduced adiponectin expression after high‐fat diet is associated with selective up‐regulation of ALDH1A1 and further retinoic acid receptor signaling in adipose tissue. FASEB J. 31, 203–211 (2017) www.fasebj.org


This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Political Science at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact email@example.com. Repository Citation Genovese, Michael A., "Book Review of "The Presidential Nominating Process: A Place for Us" by Rhodes Cook" (2004). Political Science Faculty Works. 124. http://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/poli_fac/124


The interaction of cesium atoms with graphitized 4H-SiC(0001) surfaces was investigated by use of Auger electron, ultraviolet photoemission and high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) as well as work function measurements with a Kelvin probe. The samples were annealed at temperatures well above 1300 K resulting in a formation of about two graphite layers on top of the SiC substrates. The corresponding low-energy electron diffraction image shows a (6√3×6√3)R30° pattern. Cs deposition on graphitized SiC occurs in two subsequent stages. First, even small amounts of evaporated Cs lead to a spontaneous decrease in work function by 1.8 eV. The work function stays constant after further evaporation corresponding to an intercalation of Cs into the graphite overlayer. In the second stage Cs atoms are adsorbed on top of the Cs-intercalated compound resulting in a further decrease of work function. The graphite layer is effectively metallized by Cs evaporation. This is confirmed by a Fermi edge which is observed in the photoemission spectra even after the smallest dose applied. Moreover, the excitation of optical Fuchs-Kliewer phonons in SiC by HREELS is significantly quenched by the metallic overlayer and the electron energy-loss spectra exhibit features which are typical for thin homogeneous metal layers on surfaces of heteropolar semiconductors.


The work is aimed to improve land use classification based on ERS-SAR. Classification results should be integrated into authority linked Land Information Systems (LIS). The present study is focused on the multiple effects of different ground truth parameters on ERS-SAR backscattering. Time series of the backscattering coefficient (BSC) for different crops will be analyzed. The influence of different regional climate, soil and plant growth conditions on the BSC are demonstrated by some examples. Therefore, a comprehensive GIS database is required to allow a statistical approach by correlating the multiple ground truth parameters with the radar signal. On that account a new adapted three-level ground truth methodology has been developed, using field GIS with an attached differential GPS.


We report a broadband study of the charge dynamics in the van der Waals magnetic materials 2H-M x TaS2 (M = Mn and Co), which span the onset of both long-range antiferromagnetic (AFM) and ferromagnetic (FM) order, depending on the intercalation M and its concentration x. We discover a spectral weight (SW) shift from high to low energy scales for FM compositions, while reversely SW is removed from low towards high spectral energies for AFM compounds. This maps the related reconstruction of the electronic band structure along the crossover from the FM to AFM order, which restores an occupation balance in the density of states between spin majority and minority bands of the intercalated 3d elements.


In this paper, we propose a workable Geometrical-Wind Tunnel-Computational (GWTC) approach to model the wind effect on single tree. Firstly, L-System models based on tree species-specific growth and branching process is developed to process the laser-scanned point cloud model and reconstruct biologically and visually representative fractal tree for wind tree modelling. Subsequently, a scaled down fractal tree is generated with 3D printing and subjected to tunnel testing with load cell and PIV measurement data under the wind speed of 10 and 15 m/s. Lastly, CFD Reynolds-Average Navier Stokes (RANS) simulation with Full Closure Model and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) using appropriate momentum sink and turbulence source terms for the volumetric tree is carried out. Yellow flame (Peltophorum pterocarpum) tree is tested; and reasonable agreement of drag force prediction and velocity profiles is obtained when comparing the CFD simulation results with wind tunnel data. The RANS modelled drag force results exhibit 20% of over-prediction; while the normalized velocity profiles display good match of velocity decay at the tree leeward sides. On the other hands, LES simulation produce better results with only 3% discrepancy with experimental results. Preliminary experimental result comparison between yellow flame and Khaya senegalensis (to be subsequently referred as Khaya in this paper) is also carried out. Due to actual random wind direction, current methodology still has limitation for validation with urban on site measurement. Nonetheless, this GWTC approach is the first step in establishing modelling tool applicability to examine the effect of forest structure and composition on wind loads. In future, sensitivity analysis with CFD parametric study associated with other tree species (e.g. Hopea odorata) for model improvement will be carried.


Protein phase separation process involving protein unfolding, misfolding, condensation and aggregation etc. has been associated with numerous human degenerative diseases. The complexity in protein conformational transitions results in multi-step and multi-species biochemical pathways upon protein phase separation. Recent progresses in designing novel fluorescent probes have unraveled the enriched details of phase separated proteins and provided mechanistic insights towards disease pathology. In this review, we summarized the design and characterizations of fluorescent probes that selectively illuminate proteins at different phase separated states with a focus on aggregation-induced emission probes, fluorescent molecular rotors, and solvatochromic fluorophores. Inspired by these pioneering works, a design blueprint was proposed to further develop fluorescent probes that can potentially shed light on the unresolved protein phase separated states in the future.


Systemic mastoyctosis is a myeloid neoplasm characterized by abnormal growth and accumulation of mast cells (MC). Most patients express the D816V-mutated variant of c-KIT, which mediates resistance against most available tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Therefore, current research is focusing on novel targets in MC. We analyzed expression and function of the survival factor heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in neoplastic MC. As assessed by Northern blotting and RT-PCR, the human MC line HMC-1 that exhibits KIT D816V, was found to express HO-1 mRNA. Expression of the HO-1 protein was demonstrable by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. To examine the role of mutated KIT in expression of HO-1, Ba/F3 cells with doxycycline-inducible expression of c-KIT D816V were employed. In these experiments, KIT D816V was found to induce HO-1 promoter activity and expression of HO-1 mRNA and HO-1 protein in these cells. Moreover, the KIT-D816V-targeting compound PKC412 was found to downregulate expression of HO-1 in HMC-1 cells. The KIT D816V-induced upregulation of HO-1 in Ba/F3 cells was completely blocked by a combination of LY294002 (PI3-kinase inhibitor) and PD89059 (MEK inhibitor), but not by single agents, suggesting involvement of multiple signaling pathways. We next examined whether targeting of HO-1 is associated with decreased survival. As assessed by 3 H-thymidine uptake, the pegylated HO-1 inhibitor zinc-protoporphyrin (PEG-ZnPP) reduced proliferation of HMC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner (IC 50 : 5 μM). The PEG-ZnPP-induced inhibition of growth was found to be associated with induction of apoptosis (control: 1±0.6 vs PEG-ZnPP, 5 μM: 55±5% apoptotic cells, p


Let X and Y be topological spaces, F(X,Y) the set of all functions from X into Y and C(X,Y) the set of all continuous functions in F(X,Y). We study various set-open topologies tλ (λ ⊆ P(X)) on F(X,Y) and consider their existence, comparison and coincidence in the setting of Y a general topological space as well as for Y = R. Further, we consider the parallel notion of quasi-uniform convergence topologies Uλ (λ ⊆ P(X)) on F(X,Y) to discuss Uλ-closedness and right Uλ-K-completeness properties of a certain subspace of F(X,Y) in the case of Y a locally symmetric quasi-uniform space. We include some counter-examples to justify our comments.


Introduction: One of the issues considered today as an obstacle for the control of tuberculosis in the world scenario, regards the non-adherence of the patient for the treatment of the disease, resulting in complications to the health of the individual and negative implications for public health. Objective: To analyze the speeches of nurses working in the Family Health Strategy, about the difficulties in adherence to Directly Observed Treatment (DOT) of tuberculosis in the city of Joao Pessoa, state of Paraiba, Brazil. Method : Qualitative study and discursive approach, developed in August and October 2012. Through the technique of interview guided by a semi driven script, thirteen nurses working in the Family Health Strategy were interviewed in the city of Joao Pessoa, state of Paraiba, Brazil. The empirical material produced was analyzed according to the theoretical and methodological device of Discourse Analysis of pecheutiana French line. Results: The discursive analysis made from the textual marks present in the speeches of enunciators indicates that the difficulties in joining the directly observed treatment of tuberculosis in the city of Joao Pessoa, bind to patients, health professionals and treatment. In relation to the patient, the analysis points to discursive formations linked to the stigma, commitment in the treatment and low level of education. As for healthcare professionals, fear of contagion of the disease - reinforced by the stigma - and the transfer of responsibility in caring to other professionals were observed.  Notably, the spoken relapse, in addition to the fear of health professionals themselves in treating the TB patient, reveals the prejudice that runs through the speeches of the subjects in relation to the exposure of the patient and the duration of treatment made in the Directly Observed Treatment modality. Discussion: The effects of produced senses show that nurses relate the difficulties of adherence to directly observed treatment, among other factors, to the fear of acquiring the disease, which affects not only the patients but also the health professionals themselves, provoking discrimination and contributing to justifying the non-adherence to therapy. It is observed that this fear is affiliated to the historical and social memory of the disease, marked by stigma, prejudice, segregation and exclusion. Conclusion: It is not only enough for the medication to be available. Innovative measures should be designed and implemented not only in relation to the qualification of health professionals to run the DOT. The coordination of tuberculosis control in all health management spheres, must be concerned in fighting the stigma, in a way in which it will demystify the prejudices of professionals and enlighten them about the meaning of this treatment modality to control the disease in the current days.


Comunicacion oral presentada en el 14th International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements 16-20 July, 2017 - ETH Zurich, Switzerland. Abstracts.-- ICOBTE2017 – ETH Zurich, Switzerland – 16-20 July, 2017 - Abstracts. Sypecial Symposium 9 Improving soil biodiversity, functionality and ecosystem services of trace element-contaminated soils under interacting effects
of (phyto)management and climate change


In the present huge volumes of reviews about entities are available in the websites. Hence the necessity to summarize the opinions and to understand about the polarity of the features (aspects) in the review has become very essential. Opinion summarization helps in summarizing the overall opinions of all the aspects in the review. However, extracting the aspects from the review is critical because the writing style of the authors changes from person to person and it is also a challenging task. The existing system specifies that the aspects exist in the review in the form of explicit aspect expressions. Aspect expressions occur frequently as noun and noun phrases in the review. Aspects are extracted by the use of feature dependency parsing algorithm in the domain specific ontology. Opinion summarization deals with the polarity aggregation (positive or negative) on each of these aspects. The proposed approach summarizes the importance of aspects using the author specific preference aggregation model. This approach considers the preferences of authors for each aspect in addition to various measures like frequency, weighted score along with the polarity. These preferences are aggregated in the ontology using the method of pair wise comparison. This paper aims at integrating all the scores which will help to extract the aspects specific to the domain and summarizes the aspects based on its rank in an efficient manner.


The invention relates to a method for producing halogenated rylen-carboxymides of general formula (I), wherein variables have the following significance: A and B are jointly an imid residue or, when n is equal to 1, A and B are Hal or one is Hal residue and another a hydrogen residue, R and R' represent independently of each other hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or hetaryl; Hal represents chlorine, bromine or iodine; n is equal to 1, 2 or 3; x is equal to from 2 to 8. The inventive method consists in reacting a rylen-carboxymide of general formula (II), wherein A' and B' are together an imid residue or, when n is equal to 1, are together a hydrogen with an elementary halogen in the presence of an inert organic solvent L1 characterised in that a halogen hydrocide formed during the reaction is continuously removed from said L1 solvent.


Airborne laser scanning based forest inventories employ two major methods: individual tree detection (ITD) and the area-based statistical approach (ABSA). ITD is based on the assumption that trees are of a certain form and can be delineated using airborne laser scanning techniques, whereas ABSA is an empirical method based on the relations between area-level forest attributes and laser echo height distributions. These two methods are compared here within the same test area in terms of their usefulness for estimating mean forest stand characteristics and tree size distributions. All evaluations were performed using leave-one-out cross validation. The average errors in volume and basal area did not differ significantly between the methods. ABSA resulted in overall better accuracies when estimating the diameter and height of the basal area median tree and the number of stems, whereas ITD produced significantly biased estimates for the number of stems and the mean tree size. Tree size distributions were estim...


PURPOSE
Even in the cases of localized prostate cancer, there are a substantial number of patients who undergo endocrine therapy, and their prognosis is affected by the treatment. We evaluated the histological effect of endocrine therapy and analyzed its correlation with prognosis.

METHODS AND SUBJECTS
Seventy-seven cases with localized prostate cancer who underwent maximal androgen blockade (MAB) therapy 1 year or longer were pathologically evaluated using repeat biopsy specimens from November 1994 to October 2001. The relationship between clinical parameters and histological effect in repeat biopsy specimens was examined. Biopsy was conducted mainly by the 6-site systematic method, and the histological effect was judged in accordance with the General Rules for Clinical and Pathological Study of Prostate Cancer (3rd edition). The median re-biopsy and follow-up periods were 13 months and 41 months, respectively.

RESULTS
Using this criteria for the histological effects of anti-cancer treatment, the histological effect of endocrine therapy was most frequently observed in class G3b with 61.0%, and correlations with PSA nadir and initial biopsy positive number before endocrine therapy were observed. After biopsy, radical prostatectomy was performed on 9 patients (endocrine therapy was concurrently performed on 4), endocrine therapy on 67 (intermittent administration on 21), and radiation therapy on 1 (MAB was concurrently performed). Outcomes included PSA failure in 14, of whom 2 died of cancer. Three-year and 5-year PSA-failure free survival rates were 91.1% and 76.3%, respectively. Pathological disease stage in radical prostatectomy specimens was examined by dividing it into class G0-2 and class G0-3. This revealed a significant correlation between histological effect and pathological disease stage (pT2-3). PSA-failure free survival was analyzed in 67 of the 77 patients who underwent endocrine therapy. A significantly large number of PSA-failures occurred in class G0-2. Multivariate analysis revealed that the histological effect alone was the influencing factor in PSA-failure.

CONCLUSION
A strong histological effect by MAB 1 year or longer after treatment was observed on localized prostate cancer. Evaluation of the histological effect by the present method was considered to be a useful predictor for organ-confined disease after radical prostatectomy and endocrine therapy for PSA-failure.


Global connectivity of the left frontal cortex (LFC), a hub of the cognitive control network, is associated with higher fluid intelligence and relatively preserved cognition despite age‐ and Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐related brain changes, rendering LFC‐connectivity a candidate substrate of reserve (Franzmeier et al. Brain 2018). Yet, the mechanisms by which LFC‐connectivity supports cognition at the functional network level remain unclear. Functional network‐segregation within the brain guards against diffuse network organization and is a fundamental brain property central to efficient cognitive processes. Given that the control network, and in particular the LFC, is thought to orchestrate activity of other functional networks (Cole, Nat Neurosci, 2013), we hypothesized that the association between LFC‐connectivity and higher cognitive abilities such as executive function is mediated via enhanced network‐segregation.


Recently we have demonstrated advantages of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for quantification of nucleic acid bases mixtures from overlapping voltammetric signals. In this work ANNs were applied to analyze adenine-cytosine mixtures from UV-Vis spectra. Spectra of these compounds are highly similar (lambda max 261 and 270nm, respectively) and common spectral approaches of analysis are failing. The optimal ANN architecture, able to model the system, was established. Software of ANNs method was from TRAJAN 6 program. Using the suitable experimental design with soft ANN modeling adenine - cytosine mixtures can be quantified with an excellent precision (less than 1%). Generally, ANNs open many possibilities for the analysis of mixtures of biologically important substances with very overlapped signals, even without the explicit knowledge of their behavior.


The study deals with the problems and difficulties that are faced by students in the classroom especially the Learning and Behavior issues that are often witnessed. There are certain factors that lead to these learning and behavior problems which include parent or teacher attitude, disabilities and many others which this paper will discuss in depth. Students face a myriad of problems and issues that impact the psychologically and sociologically and that further integrate into their learning and grasping in the classroom. On the flip side the classroom can also become a hostile place for learners of all ages due to clashes and attitudes of the teachers. In turn there are many other complicating factors that can deter the learning curve and throw a negative light on students' behavior in the classroom. These factors affect student behavior throughout the spectrum; from early learning till tertiary education. These are triggers that will affect a student throughout their educational profile.


PurposeWhile prior studies have highlighted the brighter side of technology adoption in improving human resource (HR) functions, the dark side pertaining to the adoption of technology in people management within organizations has gone relatively unnoticed. The current study tries to demystify the dark side of electronic human resource management (e-HRM) by examining banking institutions in India which are believed to have undergone several transformations in recent years.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts an inductive qualitative approach to examine the research problem. In total, 53 semi-structured interviews were conducted with the employees of eight public sector banks in India. The interviews were transcribed. The analysis of the data was done using the thematic analysis technique.FindingsThe findings of the study suggest that there is a stratification of the workplace in banking institutions into digital natives and digital migrants. This social stratification is based on technology adoption and usage which has further created problems in the form of knowledge hiding and perceived workplace conflicts.Practical implicationsThe findings of the current study have important theoretical and managerial implications. It not only extends the current scholarship on the transtheoretical model of change but it also has strong managerial implications as it highlights the need for the adoption of customized e-HRM training curriculums for the workforce based on their age, education, work experience and expertise.Originality/valueCurrent research on the dark side of e-HRM is inadequate. Furthermore, the evolution of banking institutions from being a typical bureaucratic organization into a hybrid one has not been examined in the context of e-HRM.


Interdiffusion coefficients of the systems KNO 2 + H 2 O and KClO 3 + H 2 O at 25 °C were measured by free-diffusion optical-interferometric methods from low concentrations to near saturation. Density and viscosity data were also obtained for these systems. Low concentration conductance data were obtained for the KNO 2 + H 2 O system at 25 °C for calculation of the limiting molar conductance of the NO 2 - ion. The diffusion coefficients of KClO 3 + H 2 O dropped over the whole concentration range as concentration increased. This was similar to the concentration dependence in the same concentration range for KNO 3 + H 2 O and KHCO 3 + H 2 O at 25 °C. The diffusion coefficients of the system KNO 2 + H 2 O initially dropped, plateaued, and dropped again as concentration increased. The diffusion results were compared to data of other potassium salts.


The lining of shield tunnel is usually composed of segments,of which the joints and cracks and the grouting holes may result in the settlement of the ground.This paper aims at analyzing the impact of the leakage of segments on the long-term tunnel settlement by the method of numerical simulation.Comparative analysis by changing the number of leakage and leakage volume leads to the conclusion that a linear relationship between settlement and leakage volume is set up.The settlement of ground increases gradually as the leakage of tunnel segments increases.


Due to the absence of effective chemical control measures for the coleoptile and rot of passion fruit, caused by Fusarium solani, biocontrol agents appear as important allies for the management of this disease. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro antagonistic activity of Bacillus subtilis against isolates of F. solani, by different methods. For this, two isolates of F. solani were obtained from


We report on the achievement of InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire phosphor-free white light-emitting diodes, which can exhibit a record internal quantum efficiency of ~57% and virtually zero efficiency droop for injection currents up to ~2,200 A/cm2.


The exhibition examined the cultural historical museums use of photography, both historically and today. More than twenty photographers were included.


We have developed a scheme for generating a comb of radio frequencies, covering the microwave to millimeter spectral range. The system utilizes a single diode laser coupled to an optical interferometer and photodetector. Frequency modulating the laser at a rate of 2.154 GHz, we observe an electrical signal from the photodetector with a spectrum that is a comb that extends beyond the 40 th harmonic of the fundamental modulation frequency. The line width of the electrical output is less than 2 Hz. We have compared the phase stability of an element of the comb with the output from a classical diode frequency multiplier (both driven from the same source) and have concluded that a phase-stable output can be generated. Finally, we have developed analytical and numerical models that suggest that our scheme may be used for frequency generation through the submillimeter.


The Godfather theory of management is a power and control model of leadership. Explains a process whereby leaders can move a dysfunctional and subversive organization into the realm of a quality organization. Although the theme of the article is based on the Godfather series of motion pictures, the reality of the management style focuses on principles of organizational behaviour. The author continually stresses that Godfather Management is transitional management and cannot sustain itself over an extended period of time. Provides a model to assist leaders in the retention, the selection, and the elimination of individuals within either the organizational structure or the leadership team. Discusses a systematic method for new leaders to initially assess the organizational culture and to make the changes necessary for long‐term success.


The killer Ig-like receptors (KIRs), which are expressed on natural killer cells and some populations of T cells, belong to the immunoglobulin superfamily. KIRs, including inhibitory and activating receptors, regulate the activity of natural killer cells through recognizing the HLA-I molecules expressed on target cells, thus play importance roles in pregnancy, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and development of autoimmune disease. Here we summarize recent advances in the research of killer Ig-like receptors, including the structure and biological function of KIRs and the ligand specificities of KIR molecules.


Pulsed Latches circuits are one of the important aspects in the reduction of power, for each read and write operations in memories. As the design complexity increases with improvement in technology, the design analysis on power and other performance factors in relation to the fundamental techniques encapsulated in Semiconductor gates. For improving the low power feature in memories, reduction of size of the transistor and its implementation with type of application is chosen. This paper has worked on the feature of power reduction by using a hybrid feature of T-DET-FF and its modelling with predictive power control (PPC) circuit and its design using transistor gates. The power and the transistor size in the proposed algorithm significantly improves the W/L ratio, that is used in different conditions for Pulsed latches for memory write and read operations. The simulated results with T-DET-FF are evaluated with Dynamic CMOS latch with PPC circuit using 32nm technology.


A bridged syn triphenylene derivative, namely 5,7-dihydroindeno[2,1-b ]fluorene, functionalized with dicyanovinylene units (2,1-b ) - IF(=C(CN) 2 ) 2 has been designed, synthesized and characterized. The optical and electrochemical properties have been carefully studied through a combined experimental and theoretical approach and compared to those of three others structurally related dihydro[2,1-b ]indenofluorene derivatives bearing methylenes, (2,1-b ) - IF , carbonyls, (2,1-b ) - IF(=O) 2 , or both carbonyl and dicyanovinylene, (2,1-b ) - IF(=O)(=C(CN) 2 ) on the bridgeheads. (2,1-b ) - IF(=C(CN) 2 ) 2 which possesses a very low LUMO level, ca -3.81 eV, has been successfully used as active layer in n-channel OFETs using epoxy based photoresist SU-8 as gate insulator. (2,1-b ) - IF(=C(CN) 2 ) 2 based n-channel OFETs show promising properties such as a low threshold voltage functioning of 7.2 V (low gate-source


Steady and unsteady laminar flows in a planar 2D Tjunction are studied numerically for non Newtonian inelastic fluids whose rheological characteristics are similar to those of blood. These computational fluid dynamics simulations scan variations of inertia, flow rate ratio and shear thinning, with the objective of determining the sizes of the recirculating eddies formed near the bifurcation and the resulting distribution of the shear stress fields. In hemodynamics such flow complexities are related to the genesis and development of vascular diseases, like the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and thrombi. To represent the decay of viscosity with shear rate we apply the Carreau-Yasuda equation. In many comparisons of the present parametric study it was require that the level of inertia is approximately the same when the power law index was variable, which implies a consistent definition of the Reynolds number. Introduction Bifurcation flows are important in many engineering and bio-engineering applications. In engineering applications, bifurcations are commonly used in liquid distribution systems. However when the working fluid is composed by a mixture of a number of fluids and other materials like it may be found in dyeing processes in the textile industry or in the production process of paper, phase distribution in the main and the branch ducts is inevitably different, affecting the flow control and processing facilities downstream. In some situations, like in the petroleum industries, this phenomenon is advantageous and is used to accomplish the first stage of oil and gas phase separation, with attending improvement in the efficiency of the transport system [1]. Bio engineering applications are well illustrated by the hemodynamical circulatory system, in which blood flows along successive levels of arterial bifurcations producing highly complex flow patterns that promote the appearance of regions with flow separation and recirculation, which are well correlated with to the emergence and development of vascular diseases [2, 3]. Due to the highly complex flow, the endothelium wall is more easily damaged and this facilitates the macromolecules to migrate into the arterial wall, leading finally to the atherosclerotic plaque formation [4]. The interaction between blood flow and the artery wall, through the action of the fluid shear stress, is known to be extremely relevant. Blood is a complex fluid that consists in a suspension of platelets, leucocytes and erythrocytes in plasma [5], and possesses therefore non-Newtonian properties. Blood exhibits a shear-thinning viscosity, is thixotropic and viscoelastic [6]. Among the various non-Newtonian blood properties we concern our attention in shear thinning effects. These computational fluid dynamics simulations scan variation of inertia, flow rate ratio and shear thinning, on steady and unsteady laminar flows in a planar 2D Tjunction. Inertia effects were varied through the Reynolds number ( 1 Re u H    ), from 50 to 1000. The shearthinning viscosity follows the Carreau-Yasuda model in which the power law exponent was changed according to the intensity of viscosity variation. Finally the flow rate ratio ( 3 1 Q Q   ) varied from 0.1 to 0.9. Numerical Simulation Differential Equations For the simulation of incompressible and isothermal, laminar, time-dependent flows, the equations to be solved are those expressing conservation of mass (Eq. 1) and linear momentum (Eq. 2):


The present invention relates to a linear compressor. In the linear compressor according to an embodiment of the present invention, the cylinder forming a compression space of a refrigerant; A piston provided to reciprocate within the cylinder in an axial direction; And includes a linear motor that provides power to the piston, the linear motor is provided on the outside of the cylinder, the center core and the inner core which comprises a side that is disposed on at least one side of the stator core center; An outer stator disposed radially outward and spaced apart from the inner stator; And containing the permanent magnet is disposed so as to be movable in the air gap between the inner stator and the outer stator, in the side core, the core body; And coupled to the core body, and includes the take-guide device for exposing or take-on the power line to the outside of the side core.


Abstract In this paper, the first of two parts, the dynamics of linearized perturbations to hurricane-like vortices are studied. Unlike previous studies, which are essentially two-dimensional or assume that the perturbations are quasi-balanced, the perturbations are fully three-dimensional and nonhydrostatic. The vortices used as basic states are also three-dimensional (though axisymmetric), with wind fields modeled closely after observations of hurricanes and tropical storms, and are initially in hydrostatic and gradient wind balance. The equations of motion, computational methods for solving them, and methods for generating the basic-state hurricane-like vortices are presented. In particular, three basic states are studied: a vortex modeled after an intense (category 3) hurricane, a moderate (category 1) hurricane, and a weak tropical storm. The stability of each vortex is considered. The category 3 vortex is found to be rather unstable, with its fastest growing mode occurring for azimuthal wavenumber t...


This article attempts to review a much neglected and severly misinterpreted fiction of Eileen Chang titled "Lianhuan Tao" (a series of tricks) based on a feminist literary theory, to re-structure its actual meaning. In this fiction, Eileen Chang resurfaces a theme of female suppression which has been quite common in a conventional Chinese soicty. The leading lady Nixi has a subject nature (an identity of "the other"), which causes her to be seeking men repetitively, resulting in miserable experiences, it reveals the inner most feelings of an ordinary female, on how Nixi protests against sexual politics at a time when ladies are a symbol of subservience to patriarchy. Through descriptions on Nixi, the writer Eileen chang gives a new meaning which incorporates ugly, temible and ridiculous elements as constituents of the shredded, ugly grotesque body in her textual framework. Such descriptions deserve attention because they reveal the psychological reality of the women who have been long neglected, they are a metaphor in feminist literary criticisms with characteristics of "taking an identify of the other people, making it lowly and ugly". Apart from a review on female body descriptions, this article also attempts to study on how Nixi gives a double significance in Eileen Chang's fiction: it is a description of subservience with feminism in its content, from this it goes into the double meaning present in Nixi's voice. While the women have been facing dogmatic suppressions in a conventional patriarchy society, Eileen Chang's femining writing has a profound meaning be it in history, culture and sexual politics, all these need to be studied more thoroughly and systematically.


Tympanic hearing may have developed independently in four major tetrapod groups, the anurans, lepidosaurs, archosaurs, and mammals. The emergence of a tympanic ear would have increased the frequency range and sensitivity of hearing. Furthermore, early tympana were acoustically coupled through the mouth cavity and therefore must have acted as pressure difference receivers, which are inherently directional, obviating a need for central computation of ITD and ILD. In lizards, this acoustical coupling generates a large directional difference at the tympanum and recordings from auditory nerve are strongly ITD‐ and ILD‐dependent. To separate neural from acoustical interactions, interaural transmission in a gecko was blocked to reveal true binaural neurons in nucleus magnocellularis, nucleus angularis, and superior olive. The function of these neurons with naturalistic, i.e., free‐field stimulation may be to sharpen the directional response, a mechanism similar to that suggested for teleost fish. The closure of ...


Assessment of Completeness Fulfilment Managerial in System of Operation Activity Planning The article is devoted to the study of problems of management in the system of planning operation activity. It identifies circumstances due to which the enterprise operation activity planning system should take into account a wide range of requirements and restrictions connected with variability of process es of operation system functioning. It offers a methodical approach to assess ment of the level of functional completeness of fulfilment of managerial tasks in the system of planning operation activity, which, unlike the existing ones, is based on structuring functional works and tasks, performed by individual components of the enterprise operation activity planning system, which al lows increase of validity of distribution of managerial works by subdivisions and executives that are responsible for their fulfilment. Calculation of the in tegral indicator allows establishment of the problems that exist in the sphere of organisational support of operation activity planning. The article identifies measures of improvement of organisational support of cost management at engineering enterprises. The goal of the article is the study of main constraining factors of development of aviation enterprises, identification of components of influence of external environment upon development of aviation enterprises, justification of directions of influence of the external environment of an enterprise upon elements of the system of management of its development. The article analyses main factors that constrain development of aviation enterprises by three levels: institutional, infrastructural and economic. It iden tifies most topical issues that require solution at different levels. It justifies influence of external environment upon elements of the enterprise management system in four key directions: institutional-imperative, resource, market-competitive and technologi -cal-informational. It proves that permanent monitoring and control of technological-informational and market-competitive impact of external environment become more and more important for ensuring sustainable development since these factors result in making decisions with respect to adjustment of goals and missions of enterprises.


Network information service is a new service mode. There are a lot of obstructions in providing network information service, including the lack of professionals and characteristic service, the problems of network security and property right of information and so on. In order to provide perfect service, libraries must change the old conception, train a new type of professionals with abilities, found characteristic databases,protect the network environment and the property right of information.


century Vienna on the other. Although Schwartz's essay on voyeurism in Paradise Lost does inflect contemporary film theory with the historicizing context of Galileo and Renaissance optics, and Finucci invokes sumptuary laws in discussing the female masquerade in Ariosto, several of the other essays apparently do not share the editors' interest in historicizing psychoanalysis; rather, their interest is in literary history or the relationship between texts. The editors would have made a stronger intervention in defending psychoanalysis against the now dominant historicist discourse if they had directly confronted the question of whether psychoanalysis must be interested in history, or alternatively, if they had affirmed the particular strength of psychoanalysis in mapping literary history. The editors are nevertheless to be commended for bringing together such a strong collection of essays which employ psychoanalytic theory to read Renaissance texts in deft and at times dazzling ways. Especially in the focus on gender and sexuality from various perspectives, this collection constitutes an important contribution to Renaissance studies as well as to the literary use of psychoanalysis.


We present an illustration of how marketing and structural models can be applied in a public policy context. We describe the demand model in Albuquerque and Bronnenberg (2012) to evaluate the impact of the 2009 federal policy measure known as the "Car Allowance Rebate System" program (or "Cash for Clunkers") on prices and demand in the auto sector.


Abstract Serial cutting propagation means that clones are produced in consecutive propagation cycles, where a new round of cuttings are taken from the previously rooted cuttings, etc. The objective of this study was to judge the importance of propagation cycle on height growth in field trials. In a field trial series with Norway spruce clones, comprising nine trials in four cutting propagation cycles, propagation cycle only had a minor effect on height growth compared to the site effect. For inter-site correlation models where all trials were included, the best fit was obtained by an unstructured model, while the most parsimonious model included constraints on the correlations depending on cycle structure. Model constraints based on grouping of the trials by site productivity did not improve the fit. Testing for generally good performers over a range of different site conditions appears to be a good approach, unless drivers of genotype by environment interaction can be identified.


One of the main issues of the world of education is the improvement of the school assessment that evaluates the modern school through the social, economic and technological reorganization and restructuring of the last decades on a global level. The interest of the educational world in the evaluation of educational work is indisputable both at national and international level and has been a major concern for the educational world during the recent decades. To this end, prominent organizations such as the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the European Union, Unesco and the World Bank have contributed to strengthening a policy that began in the Anglo-Saxon area in 1960. It is clear that the educational community and international organizations are seeking to "measure" all the educational factors that affect the educational project as a whole. In practice, measurements are a fact of daily learning and should not be confused with the concept of evaluation, as the second involves a much wider range of issues and is generally qualitatively different. The school evaluation is presented today as a requirement for upgrading every effort for the existence of modern and scientifically documented evidence of school activities and in this direction the research of this work was undertaken with a view to investigating the views of the teachers. From the conclusions of this research it tunrs out that that teachers' attitudes towards educational assessment are generally positive and agree with the bibliographic considerations of the subject under discussion. In addition, teachers consider the educational assessment a family process of feedback and redesign of the educational work as it demonstrates its willing to support alternative forms of assessment such as self-evaluation. However, they maintain their reservations as to whether the educational assessment fosters the creation of a climate of cooperation and whether it is conducted on the basis of objective criteria. Finally, as far as the part of teacher evaluation by our students is concerned, the topic we investigated in our research, the teachers consider this internal assessment by their students a useful process, but they can not assess the degree of their teacher work as a whole.


The studies of employee-organization relationships are favored by the understanding that human resources are a key part of the organizational process. Trust is an important aspect in this process and may influence the effectiveness and organizational performance. Thus, this study aimed to verify the predictive power of the perceived organizational values and quality of work life (QWL) on the employee trust in the organization. The sample consisted of 188 formally employed individuals who responded reliable and valid instruments for the constructs investigated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and analysis of standard multiple regression. The results showed that the scales presented suitable reliability indices for the study sample. Regression analyses indicated that organizational values and QWL factors were significant predictors of organizational competence and ethical components. Opportunism was explained only by domain, prestige and collective values. It was observed that the values, as well as factors of QWL, contributed differently in explaining the criterion variables. The results suggest the need to expand the antecedents' research model of the employee's trust in the organization to better understand the formation of this bond.


Elastomeric membranes that contained regular arrays of well-defined holes were formed by spin-coating a prepolymer onto a photolithographically defined master. These membranes were used as dry resists or as masks in dry lift-off to produce simple features as small as 5 μm on both planar and nonplanar surfaces. These procedures were "dry" because the membranes conformed and sealed reversibly to surfaces:  no solvent was required either to deposit the membrane or to remove it from the substrate. A variety of materials, some of which would be difficult to pattern using conventional methods, were patterned using this technique. These materials included metals, sol−gels, hydrogels, biological macromolecules, and organometallic molecules. The membranes were used in sequential, dry-lift off steps to produce structures with greater complexity than those generated with a single membrane.


Let Y ⊆ ℙN be a possibly singular projective variety, defined over the field of complex numbers. Let X be the intersection of Y with h general hypersurfaces of sufficiently large degrees. Let d > 0 be an integer, and assume that dimY = n + h and dimYsing ≤ min {d + h − 1, n − 1}. Let Z be an algebraic cycle on Y of dimension d + h, whose homology class in H2(d+h)(Y; ℚ) is nonzero. In the present article, we prove that the restriction of Z to X is not algebraically equivalent to zero. This is a generalization to the singular case of a result due to Nori in the case Y is smooth. As an application we provide explicit examples of singular varieties for which homological equivalence is different from the algebraic one.


This paper throws light on the importance of ethics in business and the value addition because of ethical conduct, and exemplifies the same with a case study on Polyhydron Pvt. Ltd., Belgaum.Polyhydron Pvt. Ltd., is a flag ship company of Polyhydron group of companies. It was established in 1982 and manufactures Hydraulic Radial Piston Pumps, Valves and Accessories. Its products are priced unbeatably low, and Polyhydron Pvt. Ltd. has changed the price marginally in the last 25 years. Polyhydron is known for its 'Ethical Management'. At Polyhydron Pvt. Ltd., honesty is not a policy, but 'the policy'. It believes in building quality from the SOURCE. Self-inspection is the Best Inspection is also its policy.In conclusion, in the new millennium it has become imperative for businesses throughout the world to conduct business ethically to survive, develop, and flourish. The process of globalization of the Indian economy will make it inevitable for all the Indian business to evolve into ethical organizations; else their very survival will be at stake in the seamless global economy of the new millennium.


Indigenous overrepresentation in the Australian criminal justice system has been a longstanding concern. Notwithstanding such a presence and the high volume of cases involving Indigenous offenders, the High Court of Australia has considered the principles of sentencing in relation to Indigenous offenders only once. That occurred in the decision of Neal (1982) 149 CLR 305 and the dictum of Justice Brennan (as he then was) has been widely approved and relied upon. Recently, the High Court of Australia was presented with a special leave application against sentence in the case of Fuller-Cust. Fuller-Cust originated from the Victorian Court of Criminal Appeal and the dissenting judgment of Justice Eames appears to have extended the scope of Neal, which was concerned with social and economic disadvantage as they affect Indigenous offenders, to include matters of psychological and cultural harm caused by childhood separation and how such a matter particularly affects Indigenous offenders. Unfortunately, the High Court did not grant special leave in this matter. The decision not to grant special leave by the High Court in Fuller-Cust will be subject to critical analysis and arguments put forward as to why special leave should have been granted in that case. In particular, it will be suggested how a grant of special leave in relation to the appropriate principles to be applied in the sentencing of Indigenous offenders would have had significant consequence for the administration of criminal justice throughout Australia.


Since Gordon S. Haight published his biography of George Eliot in 1968, Eliot's biographers have assumed that Edith Simcox wanted to write Eliot's biography and was jealous that John Walter Cross undertook the task. However, I suggest that Edith Simcox actually wrote her own biography of Eliot through the articles she published in the Academy and the Nineteenth Century, as well as in her personal journal, Autobiography of a Shirtmaker, and in her fictional Episodes in the Lives of Men, Women, and Lovers (1882). Notably, five of these episodes were published in Fraser's Magazine in 1881.


Partial multi-label learning (PML) deals with the problem where each training example is assigned multiple candidate labels, only a part of which are correct. To learn from such PML examples, the straightforward model training tends to be misled by the noise candidate label set. To alleviate this problem, a coupled framework is established in this paper to learn the desired model and perform the relabeling procedure alternatively. In the relabeling procedure, instead of simply extracting relative label confidences, or deterministically eliminating low confidence labels and preserving high confidence labels as ground-truth ones, we introduce a soft sign thresholding operator to adaptively strengthen candidate labels with high confidence and weaken candidate labels with low confidence, which enlarges the difference of confidences of candidate labels within allowable range. We further show that the resulting nonconvex quadratic programming (QP) optimization problem can be relaxed into a convex QP problem with proper conditions. Extensive experiments on synthesized and real-world data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.


Public health has become another important area of research in recent years and many studies have been done on endemic diseases like cholera, smallpox, kala-azar, plague etc in the British India. Response to the epidemic diseases both within the colonial administration and in different sections of the indigenous population–have also attracted the social historians. Historians have treated epidemics as an important event of the mid of the 19th century because it had created major transformation in the society. At first colonial government adopted some policies mainly to serve the needs of the colonizers and soldiers and were extended to urban areas to safeguard the Europeans in mines, plantations, factories and administrative centers. Later they realized that if their surrounding area remained diseased and unclean, it was difficult to protect them. So they adopted some health policies in India as well as in Assam. This paper focuses on public health policies that were adopted by British. This paper also focuses on impact of these policies on society.


The Carolina northern flying squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus is an endan- gered subspecies that is restricted to high elevation forests in the southern Appalachian Moun- tains. Owing to rugged terrain and nocturnal habits, the subspecies' natural history, home range characteristics and habitat preferences are poorly known. We radio-tracked 3 female and 2 male Carolina northern flying squirrels during late winter through spring 2012 in the Pisgah National Forest, North Carolina, USA. Tracked squirrels used 13 yellow birch Betula alleghaniensis and 9 red spruce Picea rubens as diurnal dens. Ten of the yellow birch dens were in cavities, whereas the remainders were dreys. Conversely, 8 of the red spruce dens were dreys and one was in a cavity. Mean (±SE) female 95 and 50% adaptive kernel home ranges were 6.50 ± 2.19 and 0.93 ± 0.33 ha, respectively, whereas the corresponding values for males were 12.6 ± 0.9 and 1.45 ± 0.1 ha, respectively. Squirrels used red spruce stands with canopies >20 m more than expected based on availability at the landscape and home range scales. Results should be interpreted cau- tiously because of small sample sizes and seasonal observations; however, they provide evidence that although northern hardwoods such as yellow birch are an important den habitat component, mature red spruce-dominated habitats with complex structure provide foraging habitats and are also den habitat. Our findings support efforts to improve the structural condition of extant red spruce forests and/or increase red spruce acreage to potentially benefit Carolina northern flying squirrels.


Aim: This study was undertaken to examine the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of leaf-extracts of Pterocarpus santalinoides, a plant with wide application in Igede people's traditional medicine against microbial infections. Methodology: Successive extraction of leaves of this plant at room temperature using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, butanol, ethanol and water was carried out. These extracts were phytochemically screened qualitatively for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids using established literature procedures. Agar well diffusion technique was used to screen the extract for antimicrobial activity. MICs, MBCs and MFCs for the various extracts were determined by the tube dilution technique. Graded concentrations of the extract solutions in Mueller Hinton broth were used for the tests. MBCs and MFCs were done to establish the nature of antimicrobial activity of these extracts. Results: Qualitative phytochemical screening of leaf-extracts of P. santalinoides revealed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins-glycosides and tannins (except ethanol extract that contained no tannins). These extracts inhibited growth of test organisms, and implies antimicrobial activity on E. coli, P. mirabilis, S. typhi, S. aureus and C. albicans. Zones of inhibition ranged from 17-24 mm. The MICs ranged from 5.0 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml while MBCs and MFCs ranged from 10 mg/ml to 20 mg/ml. Ethanol extracts showed the widest zone of inhibition followed by aqueous extracts (24 mm and 21 mm, respectively). Conclusion: These results lend support to the ethnomedicinal applications of this plant Original Research Article European Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4(1): 105-115, 2014 106 by the Igede people of North Central Nigeria, in treating infections caused by these test organisms which are human pathogens. The ethanol extract in particular, may be exploited as a possible antimicrobial agent for the management of infectious pathogenic diseases caused by these microorganisms.


International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology INFAD Revista de Psicología, No2, 2010. ISSN: 0214-9877. pp:369-376 369 Abstract In recent decades, eating disorders (DCA), in abundance and severity of pathological conditions, were imposed for the media, not only for the attention of the scope of health professionals, but also the ordinary person. This research project is part of a broader trend, which aims to investigate the etiological components, educational and social relating to eating disorders. Epistemological indicators that guide the research focus of the following: aspects of prevention and treatment of eating disorders and the construction of the meaning of eating disorders on the new media, the role of advertising in the communication of the disease and attitudes and behaviors adolescents. The work aims to analyze, through focus groups and inputs provided by the analysis of a publicity campaign, opinions and attitudes of children towards advertising tied to the DCA. The results show that the taboo of the diseases and maintenance can be deployed and communicated through research, allowing it to acquire the perspective view on assumptions of youth.


In April,May and June,2008,the species composition,quantitative distribution,dominant species and community structural characteristics of the zooplankton were studied at 37 stations in Zhejiang coastal of pawning sea area(28° 30′-30° 45′ N,121° 30′-123° 15′ E).The results showed that including 164 species in the studied waters,species of the zooplankton were step up during the three months,species of thezooplankton was 65,90 and 130 in turn.The dominant species were Calanus sinicus in the all three months,but was drastically reduce when water temperature warming,was 0.833 when April,2008,was reduce to 0.563when May,2008,and was reduce to 0.361 go on when June,2008.The biomass distribution of zooplanktonhave difference in the three months,but the difference was not conspicuous(P0.05),June(454.59 mg/m3)May(427.17 mg/m3)Apri(l 376.64 mg/m3),the abundance distribution of zooplankton was parallel to biomassdistribution of zooplankton,the difference of abundance distribution was not conspicuous(P0.05),May(347ind/m3)April(261 ind/m3)June(211 ind/m3).But species,richness,simplicity index,diversity index andevenness index have difference in the three months,and the difference were conspicuous(P0.001).The diver-sity index of zooplankton in the studied waters was lowly,which indicates the instability of community struc-ture.It was the lowest in April,diversity index was 1.05,which indicates the instability of community structureof zooplankton.