The utility model discloses a flat framework electronic transformer. The flat framework electronic transformer comprises a framework, wherein the framework is a flat rectangular solid, windings are arranged in the middle of the framework, pins are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the framework, a rectangular-solid magnetic core is sleeved outside each winding, and the magnetic cores are sleeved on the framework. The flat framework electronic transformer has the advantages of being simple in structure, reasonable in design, convenient to manufacture, low in manufacture cost, good in heat dissipation effect, capable of reducing of alternating current loss of the winding, convenient to use, safe and reliable in utilization, good in reliability and long in service life.


The Zeeman effect of the chlorine nuclear quadrupole resonance of &benzene hexachloride was observed. The six absorption lines were assigned to the six chlorine atoms in the molecule, referring to the result of the X-ray diffraction by A. J. van Bommel et al. The locations of the principal z axes of the field gradients were determined with the uncertainty from 0.1 ° to 0.5 °, and the C-CI bonds were found to be considerably distorted from the tetrahedral angle. The asymmetry parameters of the electric field gradients were found to be 0.00±0.01, 0.034±0.007, 0.020±0.005, 0.037 ± 0.010, 0.023 i 0-008, and 0.015 ± 0.010, respectively, for the six chlorine atoms corresponding to the resonance lines in the order of decreasing frequency. The asymmetry of the field gradient is most likely to be due to the crystalline field rather than to the double-bond character which is the main origin of the asymmetry for aromatic compounds.


Background: The situational analysis is one of the essential competencies of the nurse as a health promoter to ensure planning by the use of adequate strategies, coherent approaches and attainable goals in a community. The present study focused on performing a situational analysis of lifestyles related to the risk factors for non-communicable chronic diseases (NCCD) with undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A cross-sectional study developed with 77 female nursing undergraduates where the sociodemographic variables, physical conditions and lifestyles inherent to the risk for non-communicable chronic diseases were investigated. Results: Female undergraduates between the ages of 20 and 24 years prevailed in the study. They were white, single, belonged to social class B and were in the 3rd and 4th year of the course. Though sedentary, the students had their weight fitting their height and their waist circumference values within normal standards. In addition to this, they stated being non-smokers, besides presenting low risk regarding alcohol consumption. Conclusions: It is worth noting the nurse's role as a health promoter at the development of encouragement strategies for healthy life practices and the planning of interventions against sedentarism.


Caged cauliflower plants infected with either cabbage black ring spot virus (CBRSV) or cauliflower mosaic virus (CIMV) were colonized with Myzus persicae or Brevicoryne brassicae. Winged and wingless aphids that voluntarily flew or walked from these plants were transferred singly to healthy cauliflower or other brassica seedlings to compare their feeding behaviour and ability to transmit the viruses. Wingless aphids settled to probe more readily than winged, and B. brassicae was initially more restless than M. persicae. CIMV was more readily transmitted than CBRSV by both species, and B. brassicae rarely transmitted CBRSV. Wingless aphids transmitted less often than winged ones, and no wingless B. brassicae transmitted CBRSV, although they did CIMV. Fewer aphids transmitted CBRSV from old plants than from young ones, but plant age had little effect on CIMV transmission.


In this thesis, we address foundational issues in WAC research from an "interdisciplinary" point of view. To wit, we entertain the hypothesis that a synthetic approach to designing WAC curricula, manifest as intimate interactions in writing between contents experts and writing researchers, can encourage students to improve their command of meta-discourse in academic contexts. In particular, we experiment with writing curricula for economics. This perspective can be also regarded as a fundamental but practical application of "linguistic holism," to text analysis: text should be more seen holistically. Accordingly, we argue, and to some extent demonstrate, that WAC should be redesigned as a so-called task-based curriculum, bridging the gap between academic writing and general writing in a meta-discursive sense; writers do not simply produce a text to convey their knowledge but also to meet their readers' expectations within social contexts. It is our belief that the "task-based" WAC curriculum rides on two main propositions. First, teachers in that curriculum can help students draw a sharp distinction between informational transmission of academic texts and social communication of the very same texts arising within their corresponding academic community. Further, such distinction should be derived from text analysis, having the consequence that students can audaciously embrace a variety of practices prevalent within the academic community they belong to, whether such practices are linguistic or not, as learners' educational toolkits for creating their own academic texts.


Water resource is abundant in China, with the total water storage of 2812.4 billion m3; besides, the biodiversity in China is ranked in the third place around the world. Nevertheless, fish community diversity in many water areas is decreasing in China because environmental pollution has become much more serious; hydrophytes in waters have been destroyed; many lakes have been diked; and fish catch has been exorbitant. Research on fish community diversity can be used to show the change of ecosystem structure and function stability at the community level. This paper reviewed the perspectives of fish community diversity. The advantage and disadvantage of different sampling methods in fish community studies were also discussed, including observing under water, pop net, drop net, gill net, electrical catch, trawl net, purse net, settled net, etc.. The different indexes of fish community diversity were introduced. Effects of environmental factors on the fish community were also presented, such as the distance from the lake bank, water depth, hydrophytes, bottom style, dissolved oxygen, etc.. The relationship between fish community diversity and ecosystem function was also discussed. This review can provide some theoretical references for the research on fish community diversity and thus improve correlative studies.


Lipin 1 is a bifunctional intracellular protein that regulates intermediary metabolism. In the nucleus, lipin 1 regulates gene transcription by interacting with DNA‐bound transcription factors to control metabolic gene expression. Interestingly, lipin 1 also dephosphorylates phosphatidic acid to form diacylglycerol [phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAP) activity], a key step in triglyceride synthesis and a bifurcation point in phospholipid metabolism. PAP activity is not required for direct transcriptional regulatory effects of lipin 1. Thus, lipin 1 regulates lipid metabolism at two distinct regulatory levels. Mice constitutively‐deficient in lipin 1 are lipodystrophic, insulin‐resistant, and exhibit neonatal hepatic steatosis. In contrast, mutations in the human gene encoding lipin 1 are associated with severe, recurrent rhabdomyolysis in children. It is not clear whether defects in lipin 1‐mediated transcriptional regulatory function or PAP activity provide a mechanistic basis for phenotypic abnormalities in mice or humans with loss of lipin 1. Recent development of mice with tissue‐specific expression of a lipin 1 allele with selective loss of PAP activity and molecular analysis of rhabdomyolysis‐associated single amino acid substitutions in lipin 1 provide evidence that defects in PAP activity lead to muscle injury and defects in adipocyte differentiation.


The article is devoted to investigation of classes of functions monotone as functions on general C∗-algebras that are not necessarily the C∗-algebras of all bounded linear operators on a Hilbert space as it is in classical case of matrix and operator monotone functions. We show that for general C∗-algebras the classes of monotone functions coincide with the standard classes of matrix and operator monotone functions. For every class we give exact characterization of C∗-algebras that have this class of monotone functions, providing at the same time a monotonicity characterization of subhomogeneous C∗-algebras. We use this characterization to generalize one function based monotonicity conditions for commutativity of a C∗-algebra, to one function based monotonicity conditions for subhomogeneity. As a C ∗-algebraic counterpart of standard matrix and operator monotone scaling, we investigate, by means of projective C∗-algebras and relation lifting, the existence of C∗-subalgebras of a given monotonicity class. Mathematics Subject Classification 2000: 46L05 This work was supported by The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and by Crafoord foundation and JSPS Grant for Scientific Research No. 14540217(c)(1).


London Tranport Buses (LT Buses) use 'willingness to pay' as one of their criteria for assessing new infrastructure and service projects. This is interpreted as an estimate of consumer surplus, and can therefore be used to calculate user benefits that derive from new projects. In 1995, LT Buses commissioned Steer Davies Gleave to carry out a major new study of willingness to pay for bus service and infrastructure improvements in order to inform the project appraisal process. As is common in this type of work stated preference (SP) was the method used, but the approach taken differed quite sharply from that used in many previous studies in at least three ways. The study looked at how passengers 'read' a bus journey, using the decision analysis technique protocol analysis, and used this information to design and construct the SP exercises. The format used provided enough information for the preference behaviour of individuals to be examined closely, and for models to be estimated for each respondent. The three phases of the study are described and the results are presented. These are then discussed with reference to past experience of researchers working in this area, particularly the problem of 'packaging'.


Low larkspur (Delphinium nuttallianum Pritz.) is a toxic range plant that is often fatal to cattle when ingested during spring or early summer on foothill or mountain rangelands. Grazing trials near Price, Ut. during 1996 and 1997 examined toxicity and consumption of low larkspur by cow-calf pairs. Toxic alkaloid concentrations were relatively stable although larkspur plants rapidly matured. Cows and calves did not differ (P > 0.1) in consumption of low larkspur (0.6 and 1.1% of bites, respectively), and calves began eating low larkspur readily (up to 21% of bites) early in the trial. Larkspur density did not affect consumption by cattle (P > 0.1), but there was an interaction between density and day, as on 2 days (days 8 and 21) cattle ate more (P < 0.05) low larkspur in the pastures with more larkspur. Stage of growth also affected consumption (P < 0.05) with greater consumption after flowering. Increased grazing pressure caused cattle to eat more larkspur until larkspur density was reduced by grazing. Cattle apparently avoid eating low larkspurs before flowering, and cattle may eat little low larkspur if sufficient other forage is available. Losses may be reduced by ensuring that grazing pressure and/or stock density are not excessive on low larkspur infested rangelands.


The kind of war focused on here is intrastate, politically-driven, armed conflict. Intrastate armed conflict is but one manifestation of organized armed violence and violent crime (others include inter-state war, terrorism, organized crime, gang violence, murder, suicide). Intrastate war is not necessarily the most destructive form of violence as measured in direct deaths (for example, annual global traffic deaths are about 10 times higher than combat deaths in wars;[1] murders and suicides also exceed direct war deaths annually), and it is certainly not the only violence that requires an urgent and more effective response. Nevertheless, armed conflict warrants special attention because it is in many ways unique in its humanitarian and political/social/economic consequences.[2] Entrenched or ongoing armed conflict (many of today's civil wars are decades old), accompanied by periodic mass atrocities, produces devastatingly persistent conditions of humanitarian crisis, chronic underdevelopment, and extreme political distortion – the consequences of which are literally incalculable, but which are at the same time vividly apparent in the fate of the people who endure them. Ending intrastate armed conflict, and preventing it where it threatens, is in each of its locales essential to furthering economic development and accountable governance, and thus to meeting basic human needs.


The PLOS ONE Editors retract this article [1] because it was identified as one of a series of submissions for which we have concerns about authorship, competing interests, and peer review. We regret that the issues were not addressed prior to the article's publication. SS, KSA, and RQ did not agree with the retraction. MM, AK, BZR, BGN, AMK, and IF either did not respond directly or could not be reached.


The chronic inflammatory lung illness known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) restricts airflow from the lungs. The signs and symptoms include wheezing, coughing up mucus (sputum), and difficulty breathing. It is frequently brought on by prolonged exposure to irritant gases or particulates, most frequently from cigarettes. Heart disease, lung cancer, and a number of other diseases are more likely to occur in people with COPD. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved successful outcomes in the categorization and analysis of medical image data using artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. In this study, a deep CNN architecture is proposed for the diagnosis of COPD based on the classification of a person's breathing patterns and chest X-ray pictures. The dataset was preprocessed in phases using several methods to produce a useful training dataset for the proposed CNN model to achieve its best performance. This was done to deal with the difficulties of a dataset that was out of balance and had poor image quality. The proposed hybrid model was compared with the existing systems and a very promising accuracy was achieved in prediction.


Purpose:  This study aims to investigate the factors that influence the entrepreneurial intentions of university students in India, with a specific focus on family background, socio-cultural environment, and entrepreneurship education. Additionally, the research seeks to assess the current state of entrepreneurship education in Indian universities.

Theoretical framework: A conceptual framework was developed based on an extensive literature review to establish relationships between stakeholders and entrepreneurial intention. This framework serves as a guiding structure for the study, enabling the examination of the various factors influencing entrepreneurial intentions among university students in India.

Design/methodology/approach: The study employed an empirical research approach. Data was collected from a sample of 207 students using appropriate research instruments. The conceptual framework was tested using this data, enabling the identification and analysis of four stakeholder factors and three entrepreneurial intention factors.

Findings:  The findings reveal that specific dimensions of the socio-cultural environment and business development support have a positive and statistically significant impact on the entrepreneurial intention of university students in India. These results shed light on the factors that play a crucial role in shaping the entrepreneurial aspirations of students in the Indian context.

Research, Practical & Social implications:  The study emphasizes the need for high-quality entrepreneurship education, improved non-academic processes, and leveraging family background constructs to foster entrepreneurial intentions among Indian university students, providing valuable insights for policymakers and educational institutions.

Originality/value:  The study's conceptual framework, empirical research approach, unique insights, and practical recommendations contribute to the existing knowledge on entrepreneurship among Indian university students, providing valuable guidance for stakeholders in fostering a supportive educational ecosystem.


Aim:To investigate the genetic polymorphism and distribution of two multi-copy short tandem repeat (STR) DYS464 and DYS527 loci.Methods:The genomic DNA of blood sample among 110 unrelated males in Henan province was amplified by PCR with primers labeled fluorescence FAM. The amplified fragments were separated and sequenced on ABI3100 genetic analyzer.Results:DYS464 was a four-copy locus. The number of variant repeats was from 11 to 18. DYS527 was a double copy locus. The number of variant repeats was from 17 to 25. A total of 104 hapolytypes were identified in 106 unrelated men from Henan Han populations. Out of them,99 types were observed once only and the frequency was 0.009 1.The hapolytype diversity and the discriminating power were 0.998 8 and 0.989 7,respectively.Conclusion: The hapolytype composed of DYS464 and DYS527 loci is highly polymorphic and useful for application to forensic science and human evolution study.


Whereas during the past three or four decades surgical and autopsy reports of tumors of the duodenum have been published with increasing frequency, most of these were unexpected findings either during surgery or postmortem. Though many of these cases had been studied radiologically, the lesions were either overlooked or mistaken for other conditions. The diagnosis was usually chronic postbulbar ulcer and in some instances, surprisingly enough, duodenal diverticulum (1). Until about ten years ago, the radiological literature on duodenal tumors was very scant. Only more recently have there been a few publications dealing with the roentgen signs of the lesions and reporting cases diagnosed radiologically before operation or autopsy. Some of the difficulties of roentgen diagnosis are of a technical character. The duodenum is not so easily and completely outlined and coated with barium as the stomach and colon. Peristalsis moves the contrast material along rapidly, interfering with continuous visualization of ...


It is a system for providing supplementary information to a user that receives a broadcast of audio information is disclosed. A radio system is used for wirelessly receiving broadcast content. The broadcast content may be provided with a signal component which indicates that available for the broadcast content supplement information. A smartphone is in communication with the radio system. The radio system and the smartphone communicate, allow supplementary information is displayed on the smartphone for the user to select the user, while the radio system buffers the radio content for playback after the supplemental information are completed.


In the practice of orthopedic and trauma surgeons, there is a need to close bone tissue defects after removal of tumors or traumatic and dystrophic lesions. Currently, as cellular technologies are being developed, stem embryonic and pluripotent cells are widely introduced into practical medicine. The unpredictability of the spectrum of cell differentiations, up to oncogenesis, raised the question of creating biological structures committed toward osteogenic direction, capable of regenerating organo-specific graft at the optimal time. Such osteograft was created at the Novosibirsk Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics (patent RU 2574942). Its osteogenic orientation was confirmed by the morphological and immunohistochemical methods, and by the expression of bone genes. The regeneration potential of the osteograft was studied in the vertebral bodies of the mini piglet model. The study revealed that the regeneration of the vertebral body defect and the integration of the osteograft with the bed of the re...


This manuscript has concise text and was easy to understand. The experiment is well designed but could benefit by testing the spectroscopic model with a few constructed mineral mixtures with know weight percent constituents. Hapke modeling may not do well with complex mixtures like these dust samples especially with trace level constituents. Amorphous "humps" in XRD patterns can be used to qualitatively assess samples for the presence of non-crystalline phases and they should be re-examined for this evidence. The call for a library of mineral spectra at dust grain sizes is an excellent conclusion. Showing the difficulty of using existing spectral libraries with spectra of coarse grained sized samples for spectral modeling of dust is a great contribution to the radiative forcing scientific field. This is a timely article given the imminent lauch of the EMIT spectrometer. I've inbedded numerous additional comments in the text of the attached pdf.


the v-atpase is a large (∼900 kDa) multisubunit enzyme that utilizes energy derived from hydrolysis of ATP to translocate H+ across biological membranes. In the kidney, apical V-ATPase regulates H+ secretion into the urine and there is evidence for its existence in the proximal tubule, thick


One of the major milestones of adulthood is achieving economic independence. Without sufficient income, young people have difficulty leaving their childhood home, establishing a union, or having children-or they do so at great peril. Using the National Longitudinal Survey, this article compares the employment and economic circumstances of young adults aged 22-30 in 1973, 1987, and 2007, and their possible determinants. The results show that achieving economic independence is more difficult now than it was in the late 1980s and especially in the 1970s, even for the older age groups (age 27-28). The deterioration is more evident among men. From the 1970s there has been convergence in the trajectories for the achievement of economic self-sufficiency between men and women, suggesting that the increase in gender parity, especially in education and labor market outcomes, is making their opportunities to be employed and to earn good wages more similar. This convergence also suggests that union formation increasingly may depend on a capacity to combine men's and women's wages.


In a short girl with celiac disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), suspicion of an associated pituitary lesion was suggested by the finding of a thyroid function pattern that was not compatible with HT-related hypothyroidism (low FT4 with normal TSH). This case report reinforces the view that the finding of a normal TSH in presence of a low FT4 should always alert pediatricians and raise suspicion of central hypothyroidism, even when a primary thyroid disease has been already identified. In this case TSH deficiency played a critical role in disclosing diagnosis of craniopharyngioma (CP). Therefore, the subsequent work-up was directed towards investigating pituitary function and morphology. Endocrinological investigations evidenced a picture of TSH and other pituitary hormone deficiency, whereas magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intrasellar CP. Therefore, in this case TSH deficiency played a key-role in disclosing CP diagnosis.


In this study, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were designed utilizing Murexid dye as an absorbing material and manganese doped cadmium sulfide (CdS:Mn) thin films as transparent layers. The CdS:Mn thin films were synthesized on tin doped indium oxide coated glass substrates (ITO) at 90 ºC using chemical bath deposition method (CBD). The Mn-doping process was carried out at concentrations of 0%, 2%, 4% and 6% (in molar ratio of manganese ions to cadmium ions). The structural, morphological and optical properties of the CdS:Mn thin films were examined using x-ray diffractometer (XRD), atomic force microscope (AFM) and UV–visible absorption spectrometer. The effect of the nanoparticle size on the cell performance of DSSC was investigated by J-V curves. The results regarding electrical measurements indicated that the maximum efficiency of 3.40%. Our experimental results suggested that this heterojunction can be a good candidate for DSSCs.


AIM To study the effects of icariin(Ica)on spatial learning and memory in Aβ_(25-35) induced Alzheimer's disease(AD)rats and investigate its' mechanisms.METHODS The SD rats were randomly divided into control group(n=13),model group(n=15)and Ica 120 mg·kg~(-1) group(n=15).The AD model was induced by injecting Aβ_(25-35) 10μg into the right hippocampus.Ica was given orally daily for 1 week before and 3 weeks after Aβ_(25-35) administration.The Morris Water Maze was used to observe the spatial learning and memory of rats.The protein levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and the caspase-3 protein expression was assayed by western blot.The mRNA levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and caspase-3 in hippocampus were determined by real time RT-PCR.RESULTS In place navigation training,the latency of rats was increased significantly in the model group(vs.control group,P0.05)and decreased in Ica group(vs.model group,P0.05).In spatial probe test,the times of passing platform, percent of residence time and swim distance on original platform quadrant were decreased significantly in the model group(vs.control group,P0.05),but increased in Ica 120 mg·kg~(-1) group(vs.model group,P 0.05).In addition,Ica decreased the expression of TNF-α,IL-6 and caspase-3 mRNA and proteins levels in hippocampus(vs.model group,P0.05).CONCLUSION Ica can improve the spatial learning and memory ability in Aβ_(25-35) induced AD rats,and the mechanism may be related with the inhibition of cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and apoptotic gene caspase-3.


The first fully biodegradable (poly-l-lactic acid) Igaki-Tamai stent was implanted more than a decade ago, but concerns about inflammatory reactions


Furfural products,which are the deep processing products of corns,are high-efficiency and high-value chemicals.But the produced waste water is an organic wastewater to be difficultly treated.In this paper,the technologies for treatment of the wastewater,including anaerobic bacteria,phase-transfer,physio-chemistry plus biochemistry and double-effect evaporation process,were reviewed.Principle,advantage,economy and application of these treatment processes were analyzed as well as their de-velopment trend.


The status of the new standard model is briefly surveyed, with emphasis on experimental tests, unique features, theoretical problems, necessary extensions, and possible TeV signatures of Planck scale physics.


of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy USING ROTATIONAL RESISTANCE MEASURES TO THOROUGHLY ASSESS SHOULDER FLEXIBILITY IN BASEBALL PITCHERS: IMPLICATIONS FOR THROWING ARM ADAPTATIONS AND INJURIES By Jeffrey T. Wight August 2007 Chair: Mark Tillman Major: Health and Human Performance Throwing arm injuries are extremely prevalent in baseball pitchers. The flexibility of the throwing shoulder is thought to be relevant to the incidences of throwing arm injuries and injury mechanisms. Previous flexibility studies have assessed a single shoulder variable: the range of motion (ROM). In this study, a custom device was built to measure shoulder flexibility and a new and more thorough manner. The device assesses the amount of torque (or effort) required to passively rotate the shoulder. This novel analysis provides a measure of how stiff or loose the shoulder is as it is rotated to the end ROM. The two shoulder motions that are considered the most relevant to injury were analyzed (internal rotation and external rotation). Two major findings were revealed in this study. First, for both ER and IR the end ROM and stiffness of the shoulder are not related. This means that two pitchers can have similar ROM but drastically different shoulder stiffness. This data suggests that both ROM and stiffness are required to describe the flexibility of the pitching shoulder. Second, pitching alters the flexibility of the throwing shoulder. This was discovered by comparing the flexibility of the throwing shoulder to that of the non-throwing shoulder. Variables that were significantly different bilaterally were the ROM, the resistance onset angle (angle where the soft tissue begins to stretch), and shoulder


Wild price swings following World War I motivated some economists and their allies to start a stable money campaign. John R. Commons joined this campaign, and the story of his participation opens a window into an historical learning episode in which the campaign, though it failed, sparked intellectual efforts and interacted with events in ways that changed beliefs about relations between central bank actions, on the one hand, and unemployment, inflation, and economic growth, on the other. The paper dwells on Commons' role and on the long learning experience that led participants to conclusions they could not have anticipated when they embarked on their campaign.


We present recent results on Bragg solitons, gap solitons and associated phenomena on a chip. Experimental observations of Bragg soliton-effect temporal compression, fission, optical parametric Bragg amplification and gap soliton-based tunable slow light are reported.


Military ground vehicles often have service lives that exceed their original design targets. For this reason, these vehicles typically require technology upgrades during their useful life. When considering design trade-offs, both mature as well as less mature or developing technologies need to be considered against the anticipated service life for the vehicle. Early adoption of technologies that are not sufficiently mature can result in operational reliability and availability issues and increased sustainment costs. However, failure to anticipate technology refresh requirements during the original design phase may result in a platform that cannot be cost effectively upgraded as technology or functional requirements change, limiting the functionality and utility. This paper presents an Innovation Based Design (IBD) process as part of a systems engineering approach that facilitates technology refresh cycles via platform remanufacturing throughout the life of the platform. The IBD process is demonstrated for a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) for ground vehicles. INTRODUCTION "Life-cycle Engineering (LCE) is an objective process that evaluates the constraints and dependencies associated with developing and operating a product or service; maximizing the product value while minimizing its cost of ownership over the entire life-cycle [1]." Life-cycle Costing (LCC) is a component of the Life-cycle Engineering process which constitutes a methodology for determining the cost of ownership of an asset over its entire life-cycle. Phases that comprise the life-cycle of a product or asset include: conceptualization, design and development, manufacture, operation and support (including maintenance and refurbishment or remanufacturing), technology upgrade, and end-of-life disposition and disposal. The design phase of the life-cycle is often said to "have a long shadow," meaning that while the cost of the design phase is often a relatively small fraction of the overall ownership cost, the decisions made during the design phase have major implications in regards to the operational effectiveness, maintainability and availability, and the total ownership cost. While life-cycle engineering processes can be applied after manufacturing, it is important to consider "design for x" during the initial design phase (e.g., design for manufacture, design for maintainability/service, design for reliability, design for remanufacturing, design for upgradeability, design for disassembly and recycling, etc.). LCE principles should be applied as an integral component of a systems engineering process. Systems engineering is a structured top-down process for cost effective realization of systems that meet defined functional requirements. The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) defense acquisition procedures document describes systems engineering as: An approach to translate approved operational needs and requirements into operationally suitable blocks of systems. The approach shall consist of a top-down, iterative process of requirements analysis, functional analysis and allocation, design synthesis and verification, and system analysis and control. Systems engineering shall permeate design, manufacturing, test and evaluation, and support of the product. Systems engineering principles shall influence the balance between performance, risk, cost, and schedule [2]. A subsequent paragraph extends the consideration of lifecycle to: operations, training and disposal. DoD weapon platforms typically have very long life-cycles and often undergo multiple refurbishment or technology upgrade cycles during their lifetime in order to maintain reliability and availability, supportability (repair parts availability), and to maintain (or upgrade) platform functionality. While Proceedings of the 2011 Ground Vehicle Systems Engineering and Technology Symposium (GVSETS) Integrating Life-Cycle Planning Considerations into Design through the Innovation Based Design Process, Thurston, et. al. Page 2 of 11 Design Manufacture Operation & Support Decommission Te ch no lo gy


Highlights The present COVID-19 lockdown situation has the potential for various adverse effects on population mental health across multiple domains. The current lockdown is identified as an adverse childhood experience. Psycho-social competencies may play a protective, moderating, role in supporting the mental health of parents, and children Parental burnout is identified as an important risks factor Creativity is identified as a potential protective factor Abstract: The present short commentary aimed at highlighting the potential impact of lockdown specifically on parents and children's mental health. Embedded within a systemic view, it identified protective factors that may account for individual and household resilience. In the first section of this manuscript, we present the core concepts of resilience, before we highlight the adverse risks of the current COVID-19 situation on parents' and children's mental health. We provide evidence that parents and children alike might be concerned by increased risks of chronic diseases, abuse, and violence. Complementarily, we report the importance of psychological needs and competences and propose ways to promote these competencies among households. Overall, this paper emphasises that psychosocial competences such as creativity, emotion regulation, or interpersonal skills may constitute important characteristics to help parents and children alike coping and even thriving in the current worldwide adversity of the COVID-19 pandemic.


Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a well recognized, life‐threatening infection in neutropenic patients and stem cell transplantation recipients. Early diagnosis is important to achieve the best outcome for these patients; however, definite proof often is difficult to obtain due to counterindicated invasive procedures.


The mediated oxidation of acetate and octanoate ions in acetonitrile was used to covalently modify carbon surfaces with films bearing saturated aliphatic chains of different length. Film thickness increases proportionally with the length of the aliphatic chain within the carboxylate precursor. The thickest film was obtained from octanoate oxidation and allowed observing a rectification phenomenon when ferrocene is used as redox probe in acetonitrile solution. This effect increases with the bulky and hydrophobic nature of the supporting electrolyte cations; n -Hx 4 N + > n -Bu 4 N + > Me 4 N + . The combination of the bulky and hydrophobic properties of the supporting electrolyte ions as well as the hydrophobic properties of the electrografted films is determining of the rectification of ferrocene in cyclic voltammetry experiments. This phenomenon was simulated through a CEC mechanism in solution, where the mass transport inside the film channels was emulated through single chemical equilibria.


Bronchoalveolar (BAL) cellular analysis can be supportive in the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease. The flow cytometric analysis of BAL fluid cells is complicated by cell fragility and adherence and autofluorescence of macrophages, making conventional analysis of BAL fluid cells as done in external quality schemes (EQA) for blood lymphocyte subsets, not representative. Following a procedure for stabilized BAL cells, a separate EQA was set up. The results of 20 years' experience are presented.


ABSTRACT In a tele-operated robot environment, reproducing auditory scenes and conveying 3D spatial information of sound sources are inevitable in order to make operators feel more realistic tele-presence. In this paper, we propose a tele-presence robot system that enables reproduction and manipulation of auditory scenes. This tele-presence system is carried out on the basis of 3D information about where targeted humans are speaking, and matching with the operator's head orientation. We employed multiple microphone arrays and human tracking technologies to localize and separate voices around a robot. In the operator site, separated sound sources are rendered using head-related transfer functions (HRTF) according to the sound sources' spatial positions and the operator's head orientation that is being tracked real time. Two-party and three-party interaction experiments indicated that the proposed system has significantly higher accuracy when perceiving direction of sounds and gains higher subjective scores in sense of presence and listenability, compared to a baseline system which uses stereo binaural sounds obtained by two microphones mounted on the humanoid robot's ears. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


The present invention, granules, and perfume tester or perfume, such granules, and a method for producing a tester or perfume, to their use and. Perfume tester or perfume according to the invention, granules having a friable peripheral portion incorporating a fragrant compound (12) include (10), when applied the granules (10) to the skin, the friable peripheral portion There characterized in that it is designed to break to pieces into powder flavored. The invention is particularly applicable to testing of the perfume.


We would like to introduce a new method of defining the lectin activity in the extract of Momordica charuntia. Tomita et al. [l] isolated the lectin from M . churuntiu and reported its galactose specificity and its non-cytotoxicity against Yoshida sarcoma cells. The further physiochemical characterization was studied by Mazumder et al. [2] using affinity column and gel filtration methods. We easily determined its molecular weight without these methods. M . charantia seeds (1.2 g) were decorticated and homogenized in 10 ml of phosphate-buffered saline (0.01 M , pH 7). The homogenate was kept overnight at 37°C and then centrifuged. Twenty microliters of the supernatant filtrated with a Millipore membrane were mixed with 20 pl of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) sample buffer (2% SDS, 0.5M Tris-HC1, pH 6.8) and kept overnight at room temperature. Then the sample was electrophoresed on a separating gel of 5-10% gradient polyacrylamide with a stacking gel of 3% polyacrylamide using the buffer system of Laemmli [3]. Electrophoretic transfer of the separated extract components onto a nitrocellulose membrane was carried out at 200mA for 90min according to Towbin et al. [4]. One blotted membrane was separated from the rest and stained with Coomassie solution. The remaining membrane was incubated for 2 h with 3% bovine serum albumin in saline. After the free sites on the membrane had been blocked in this manner, lml of saline containing 0.25% erythrocytes was mounted on each 1 cm2 of the membrane for 2 h, following by gentle washing in saline. A red band of adherent red cells was revealed on the membrane and accorded with the Coomassie-stained band with molecular weight of 107 kD Fig. 1. The extract components of M. charantia separated with SDS-PAGE and electrophoretically transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane. Lane A = stained with Coomassie solution; lane B = adhered by erythrocytes. The arrowhead shows the band with molecular weight of 107 kD.


Different teachers have different priorities. Two of mine were, and still are, to enable young people to learn about democracy by doing it and to learn to be responsible by taking responsibility for something.


This paper analyzed the influence and restrictions on the sports performance of Chinese race walkers.The result shows that our athletes are still keeping the technology style which is called high frequency,and little stride.From the perspective of whole,the vertical movement of the centre and head of our athlete is larger and lead to be judged foul.Some of Chinese walkers have showed unbalanced distribution of left and right leg strength,and have small swing amplitude of arms.


The third-generation partnership project (3GPP) has defined a new radio access network protocol, called the narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT). To accommodate devices with diverse signal qualities, the base station can flexibly adjust the lengths of the two important radio resources, the narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) and narrowband physical downlink-shared channel (NPDSCH), to serve the devices under one coverage enhancement level. The interval between two consecutive NPDCCH is called an NPDCCH period. Given the NPDCCH period, the base station should allocate the two radio resources for the devices to receive downlink data. The NPDCCH period length and resource allocation significantly affect the radio resource utilization of NB-IoT networks. In this article, we investigate the NPDCCH period adaptation and the NB-IoT scheduling problem over NB-IoT networks. The objective is to minimize the consumed radio resource. We prove that the scheduling problem is $\mathcal {NP}$ -hard and cannot be approximated with a ratio better than 3/2. Then, we propose two algorithms based on our observations to solve the target problems and show that the proposed scheduling algorithm is a 2-approximation algorithm. The simulation results evaluate the efficacy of the proposed algorithms and provide useful insights into the NPDCCH period adaptation and scheduling design for NB-IoT networks.


The geometry, stability, and electronic properties of B@Co12@Bn and Co13@Bn clusters with a wide range n=55 up to 92 are studied by ab initio calculations. We find that B@Co12@B80 and Co13@B80 with closed B80 shell are two stable magic clusters with nearly perfect icosahedral symmetry, and B@Co12@B80 is more stable than Co13@B80 energetically. The strong core-shell bonding yields a very large energy gain of ∼30 eV. This high stability is attributed to the favorable closed-shell atomic and electronic structures. The B@Co12@B80 exhibits a large highest occupied and lowest unoccupied energy gap (0.96 eV) that is close to the value for isolated B80 fullerene.


components. For MRSA, the 2 most common IPC interventions were hand hygiene campaigns (100 [49%] of 204) and contact isolation (84 [41.2%] of 204); 18 (8.8%) of 204 reported use of IPC bundle C, and 10 (4.9%) of 204 reported use of IPC bundle D. Compliance ranged from 20% to 94% for all IPC components. By multivariate analysis, no significant reduction in MDR A. baumannii or MRSA infection was evident among hospitals with less than 60% IPC compliance. Over the 1-year period, there were significant reductions in MDR A. baumannii among hospitals with 60%80% compliance to IPC bundles A and B and significant reduction in MRSA among hospitals with 60%-80% compliance to IPC bundle D (Table 1). Having greater than 80% compliance with hand hygiene, contact isolation, ASP, and IPC bundles were associated with reduction in MDR A. baumannii and MRSA infection.


NO produces by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) represents one of the most representative vasoactive molecules able to regulate vascular tone; it is released by endothelial cells and it diffuses to adjacent vascular smooth muscle cells causing vasorelaxation. In addition, endothelium-derived NO is know to be involved in multiple ways to prevent the progression of age-related vascular diseases. Senescent endothelial cells are characterized by a decreased production of endothelium-derived NO due to a decrease of eNOS activity that could be attributable to a reduction in eNOS protein expression as well as in eNOS phosphorylation (Matsushita et al., 2001). Previous studies showed that silicon, mainly as silicic acid, plays an important role as protective factor against the development of age-related vascular diseases, maintaining integrity, stability and elastic properties of arterial walls (Schwarz et al., 1977). So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the expression of eNOS and silicic acid consumption in a mouse model of early physiological aging. We evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by immunohistochemical method, the expression of eNOS in the vessel wall of aorta and renal vessels in relation with the administration of silicic acid in drinking water. The results showed that loss of eNOS expression was prevented by regular consumption of silicic acid rich water, supporting the potential protective role of silicon against age related-vascular disorders.


On the basis of the daily air pollution index (API), primary pollutant, air quality level and status in Cangzhou from January 2009 to December 2012, the variation characteristics of air quality were analyzed. The results showed that API presented obvious seasonal variations with the highest value in winter and the lowest value in summer. PM10 was the principal pollutant and accounted for 63% of the whole period. The percentage of excellent and good air quality was 93% during the period. The relationship between API and meteorological factors indicated that API was negatively correlated with temperature and relative humidity, but was not obvious correlation with air pressure and wind speed. The cluster analysis of backward trajectories showed that different types of air masses contribution to the API level showed some differences in different seasons. The north air mass in fall and northwest air mass in summer had the lowest contribution to the API level; while the local source could lead to the highest API level in winter suggesting that the heating and adverse weather conditions in winter may be the main cause of high API.


The Standard Picture holds that the contribution to the law made by an authoritative legal pronouncement is directly explained by the linguistic content of that pronouncement. This essay defends the Standard Picture from Mark Greenberg's purported counterexamples drawn from patterns of statutory interpretation in U.S. criminal law. Once relevant features of the U.S. rule of recognition are admitted into the analysis—namely, that it arranges sources of law hierarchically, and that judicial decisions are sources of valid law—Greenberg's counterexamples are revealed as only apparent, not genuine. The legal norms that result from the patterns of interpretation he identifies can be directly explained in terms of the linguistic contents of authoritative pronouncements: judicial decisions. Furthermore, those norms can be understood as modifications of the valid norms contained in their originating statutes because judicial decisions are permitted 'explanatory intermediaries' of statutes by the rule of recognition.


From 2012 to 2013,investigators of Hangzhou Botanical Garden found one species in West Lake District,Hangzhou: Callicarpa bodinieri H. Leveille,the results of comparing is new record to Hangzhou. Other investigators found fifteen species in Xiaoshan District and Yuhang District,fifteen species are new records to Xiaoshan District and Yuhang District in Hangzhou.


We report in this paper studies on a mixture of nematic liquid crystal (5CB) and BaTiO3 ferroelectric nanoparticles (NPs). Apart a drastic change in the electro-optical (EO) properties of this mixture, which is reported as a conclusion, we focused our attention onto the characteristics of those NPs. The initial powder obtained by solid way is first analyzed: this material is crystallized in the ferroelectric phase as shown by x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. A high speed second milling was performed to obtain NPs: they have been characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (size and structural characterizations) and by dynamic light scattering. Then these NPs were blended with a nematic liquid crystal (5CB). Raman spectroscopy measurements were used to measure and compare the scalar order parameter of both samples. The EO properties were measured in planar liquid crystal cell configuration by using classical EO setup. We amazingly found a significant decrease in the Freederic...


A possible realisation of switched-capacitor integrators using delay-line elements is presented. Although parasitic sensitive, the proposed switched-capacitor integrator allows higher-frequency operation, dissipates less DC power and occupies less chip area than its counterpart using an operational amplifier. The realisation and simulation result of a second-order delta-sigma modulator employing the proposed integrators are also included.


In order to elevate equipment-oriented traditional asset management to system-oriented advanced asset management (AAM) decision-making for smart power grid, for the problem that influence of different positions of the equipment in network topology on system reliability is not taken into consideration in retiring strategies of transformer LCC (life cycle cost), which may cause overestimation or underestimation of outage cost and premature or excessively late transformer retiring, retiring strategies of transformer LCC with reliability of power transmission system was proposed. This method used historical data to calculate time-varying aging fault and unavailability rate of transformer and used reliability index of power transmission system — expected energy not supplied (EENS) — to measure outage cost caused by transformer fault so as to obtain LCC of transformers at different topological positions. Retiring time obtained through this method could maximize economic benefit of the transformers and guarantee reliability of system operation. IEEE-14 test system analyzed, effectiveness of this method was verified.


The increasing density of data traffic leads to an increase in the demand for telecommunication services. Therefore, in this study, the LTE network expansion was carried out using a choice of frequencies of 700 MHz, 2100 MHz, and 2300 MHz. The analysis was carried out from the technical, economic, and sensitivity aspects. Sensitivity analysis was used to determine the minimum ARPU for each candidate frequency. This research was conducted using a case study of the city of Yogyakarta. Based on the simulation results, the average RSRP values for the three candidate frequencies are in the very good range. The SINR values for the three candidate frequencies are in the normal category and the throughput values are in the very good category. The techno-economic calculations of IRR, NPV and payback period for the frequencies of 2100 MHz and 2300 are included in a feasible business, while at a frequency of 700 MHz it is not feasible to do so. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the frequency of 2300 MHz is a feasible frequency to be implemented for LTE networks with the minimum ARPU and the minimum number of users. This research can be used for the operator as a consideration for the implementation of other frequencies on LTE networks.


Significant improvements in design quality and productivity are possible when designers operate in a domain-specific information workspace with low-cost access to relevant application, design, and technology information. The authors present a validated process for constructing such workspaces to support product family design and evolution. The process involves three related efforts: techniques to consolidate critical analysis and design information from different projects and different engineering sites called domain analysis; online representation of the information in structured form called technology books; and methods and tools to reuse information. Each area is described, with the focus being on technology books. Technology books are object-oriented databases whose objects capture typed information about analyses, designs, and code in a variety of notations. Relations with well-defined semantics link objects; these can be used to navigate through the technology book, and to reason about the information it contains.<<ETX>>


Based on application requirements,an χ-γ dosimeter has been developed in our laboratory.The new method of voltage-to-frequency conversion is adopted in the design,and this enables long-distance transmission of analog signals in the form of frequency,with improved ability of interference resistance and dosimetry accuracy.Combining FPGA with SOPC technology,with embed equal precision measurement module and MC8051 IP core,data acquisition,computation and display of the χ-γ dosimeter are realized,with improved performance in terms of measurement speed,precision and system flexibility.Principles of the circuit modules and design methodology are given in detail in this paper.Test results proved that the design is of advantages.


This paper presents S-N data generated on a newly designed tuning fork system. The materials tested were four different specimen groups of ductile iron. The tuning fork was designed to continuously monitor reversed bending loads applied to the specimen. The main objective of the project was to develop S-N curves for four particular groups of ductile iron materials. The basic material was an SAE-D5506 ductile iron, tested in both an as-cast condition and with a machined surface finish. This same material was tested in a quenched and tempered state, (SAE-DQ&T, MS-612 Grade, 1000S) with both as-cast and machined finishes. In order to carry out these experiments a test apparatus had to be designed, assembled, and calibrated. The end result of this procedure was a versatile tuning fork fixture for the application of the required pure bending loads and a permenent monitoring system calibrated to the loads applied to the specimen. This monitoring system, once calibrated, eliminated the need to strain gage each of the many specimens to be tested. The paper concludes with discussion of the results obtained. The material S-N data presented includes comparative points for the four log-log lines as computed by linear regression techniques.


One of the greatest successes in quantum theory, and certainly one of the more important parts for application to devices and applications is the prediction of the emission of light through the quantization of an electromagnetic field. Broadly, this is the field of quantum electrodynamics. In this chapter, we develop the Hamiltonian for the classical electromagnetic field. It is seen that the Hamiltonian for each mode (identified by the k-vector and polarization of the field) of the plane wave electromagnetic field is identical to that of the harmonic oscillator. One unit of energy, ℏω, in a mode is a called a photon. The eigenkets for the system are number states (Fock states). We then consider a two-level system described by a Hamiltonian which couples the two-level quantum system to the quantized electromagnetic field. Using the Weisskopf–Wigner formalism developed in Chapter 14, we solve the equations of motion for the time dependent Schrödinger equation assuming the system starts in the excited state with no radiation present in the vacuum field. The results show the creation of one unit of energy in an electromagnetic mode corresponding to the emission of a photon. The excited state probability decays exponentially with the emission of this photon. We consider the important and special case of such a two-level system but in a cavity restricting the radiation field to a single mode. The Jaynes–Cummings Hamiltonian shows that this system, if started in the excited state, Rabi oscillates with no radiation incident on the system.


gray matter of the spinal cord. A number of other studies have Buy forex Liestal positive benefits in panic disorder depression , personality disorder, drug abuse, eating disorders and others (Willborg


OBJECTIVE:To find out the situation of antidiabetic drugs used in 47 hospitals of Shanghai and to make objective evaluation as reference for production,sale and consumption departments.METHODS:To investigate the hypoglycemic drugs used in 47 hospitals of Shanghai during the period 1998~2001 in respect to the sum of money of consumption,kinds of drugs,DDDs and DDC.RESULTS:In recent 4 years,the annual rate of growth of antidiabetic drugs were 11.98% in DDDs?6.32% in DDC and 19.05% in sum.Among the increasing ranges of antidiabetic drugs in DDDs,joint venture drugs occupied the first place,imported drugs came second,and domestic drugs got the least.CONCLUSION:Antidiabetic drug is a kind of common drug which has developmental future.


The author analyzes the usefulness of victimization surveys. The paper is
 focused of surveys in which nationally representative population samples are
 surveyed for their personal victimisation experiences, and their attitudes
 and opinions of issues related to crime and crime control. The author points
 out the benefits of using victimization surveys, but also explains why most
 countries have failed to make systematic use of this instrument.


Volatile anesthetics are compounds which are commonly used to induce a reversable loss of consciousness (LOC) in animals. The molecular mechanism of how anesthetics induce LOC is largely unknown. However, observations have been made which show that there are genetically-encoded traits which influence the effective concentration of anesthetics in the inducement of LOC. Despite this long-term observation, little progress has been made in identifying genes involved in anesthetic sensitivity. One reason for this is that many techniques to test anesthetic sensitivity are technically challenging and are inhibitory for high-throughput studies. Here we introduce a technique for testing volatiles and aerosols with positional recording (VAAPR), a method which allows for high-throughput testing of the effect of anesthetics and other aerosolized drugs using Drosophila. Using VAAPR we show that the enzyme phospholipase D (PLD) significantly shifts the concentration of diethyl ether, chloroform, and isoflurane needed to induce LOC in Drosophila. We also show that PLD is required for a paradoxical hyperactivity phenotype. We expect that this technique will allow for additional genes to be found which control anesthetic sensitivity as well as other behavioral phenotypes.


Identifying patients with sentinel node‐negative melanoma at high risk of recurrence or death is important. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) recently developed a prognostic model including Breslow thickness, ulceration and site of the primary tumour. The aims of the present study were to validate this prognostic model externally and to assess whether it could be improved by adding other prognostic factors.


One of the key issues in the pipeline design is wal l thickness calculation. This paper highlights a co mparison of wall thickness calculation methods of submarine gas pipe line based on Norwegian Standard (DNV-OS-F101), Ind onesian Standard SNI 3474 which refers to American Standard (ASME B31.8), and Russian Standard (VN39-1.9-00598). A calculation of wall thickness for a submarine gas p ipeline in Indonesia (pressure 12 MPa, external dia meter 668 mm) gives the results of 18.2 mm (VN39-1.9-005-98), 16 mm (ASME B31.8), and 13.5 mm (DNV-OS-F101).The desi gn formula of hoop stress due to internal pressure is interpreted in different ways for every standard. O nly Norwegian Standard requires calculating hoop stresses in the inner surface, which leads to a decreased value of the wall thickness. Furthermore, the calculation of collapse factor due to xternal pressure is only regulated in American and Norwegian Standards while Russian Standard uses that factor a s an intermediate parameter in calculating local bu ckling. For propagation buckling, either Russian or American St andard explains empirical formula of critical hydro statics pressure as the input in propagation buckling calculation. T his formula is almost similar to the empirical form ula of Norwegian Standard. From the comparison of these standards, DNV OS-F101 gives more stringent requirements than others.


The space dilation concept for reducing crosstalk in Ti:LiNBO/sub 3/, directional coupler-based photonic switches operating at a single wavelength is applied using a new approach. A novel switch architecture is proposed for unicast nonblocking photonic switching networks to fully exploit the advantages of this method. Some properties of the switch architecture are derived and analyzed. The performance of the switch is also discussed and compared with other well-known network architectures.


The purpose of this BA-thesis was to learn the differences in news broadcasts between one public service radio channel and two commercial radio channels. To do this we used a quantitative analysis ...


We propose a new learning algorithm to enhance fault tolerance of multilayer neural networks (MLNs). This method is based on the fact that strong weights make MLNs sensitive to faults. To decrease the number of strong connections, we introduce a new evaluation function for the new learning algorithm. The function consists of two terms: one is the output error and the other is the square sum of HO-weights (weighs between the hidden layer and output layer). The second term aims to decrease the value of HO-weights. By decreasing the value of only HO-weights, we enhance the fault tolerance against the previous method.


In pervasive (ubiquitous) environments, context-aware agents are used to obtain, understand, and share local contexts with each other so that the environments could be integrated seamlessly. Context sharing among agents should be made privacy-conscious. Privacy preferences are generally specified to regulate the exchange of the contexts, where who have rights under what conditions to have what contexts are designated. However, released contexts could be used to infer those unreleased. In particular, different contexts released could endanger the security of different contexts unreleased. The existing privacy preference specification platforms do not have a mechanism to prevent inference. To date, there have been very few inference control mechanisms specifically tailored to context management in pervasive (ubiquitous) environments. A Bayesian network based mechanism has been proposed to prevent privacy-sensitive contexts from being inferred from those to be released. Nevertheless, contexts in pervasive (ubiquitous) environments could change from time to time and are history dependent. In this paper, we propose to use dynamic Bayesian networks to track the most updated beliefs of the adversaries about the dynamic domains in order to evaluate which contexts in the domains could be released safely in various situations.


When we apply futures-right pricing theory to the analysis of investment items, we will explain futures-right phenomenon implied in the investment items more scientifically and reasonably. The combination of futures-right analysis and cash flow discount is a preferable practice in the evaluation of investment items.


The problem for dishing the flattening was having by chemical mechanical polishing method in the semiconductor integrated circuit to solve in a semiconductor integrated circuit having a high copper wiring having market demands. (A) water, (b) and the abrasive grains 0.01 to 30 wt%, (c) anthranilic copper chelate and / or quinaldine copper chelates with anthranilic acid and / or quinaldic acid converted 0.05-10 and mass%, using a chemical mechanical polishing slurry comprising a polishing semiconductor integrated circuits having copper interconnects.


This case study outlines how two coach supervisors collaborated to develop an approach to group supervision. It tracks their emergent and developmental journey and demonstrates how their learning evolved and how this helped them develop their unique style of coaching supervision. They believe their approach offers particular additional value to supervisees as they use the two supervisors to ensure that both the supervision content and the group processes are fully attended to.


In this paper we present a scheduling scheme for supporting soft‐QoS in Bluetooth piconets. The slave nodes negotiate with the master the target QoS level, expressed in terms of minimum bandwidth and maximum delay. The QoS requirements come along with a soft‐index that determines the degree of tolerance on the target QoS that a slave is ready to accept for the intended connection: the higher the soft‐index, the looser the QoS requirements. The algorithm keeps a dynamic estimation of the satisfaction of each node, defined as the fraction of packets that satisfy the QoS requirements. Accordingly, the master dynamically tunes the slaves priorities. Such priorities are then used to decide which slave will be polled at the next available slot. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is supported by numerical simulations, which show how the use of the soft-indexes and the dynamic estimation of the users satisfaction lead to a more efficient use of the system resources.


INTRODUCTION: In conventional Laparoscopic Appendicectomy, three ports are used wherein both the umbilical and suprapubic port sites are hidden by the natural camouflages and the only visible scar is the third port in the iliac fossa. In two port technique we do not use the third port making the scars invisible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January to December 2013 we attempted 30cases of two port Laparoscopic Appendicectomy, of which 5 were converted to conventional three port technique. The third port for holding the appendix was replaced by a needle loop retractor. RESULTS: 25 cases underwent two port appendicectomy in one year period. They had short hospital stay, less pain, early mobilisation which is comparable to that of conventional


In "Structuralist Poetics" (1975), Culler
postulates that '...the institution of mythology
leads an uncertain existence and few could be said to
have assimilated its system' (p.50). In this book,
Dr. Wainaina seeks to address this 'uncertain
existence' with particular regard to
Gĩkũyũ mythology. He challenges both the
exclusiveness of the typological
definitions of myth previously used, and the
atomistic approaches to its analyses and interpretations.
Consequently, he adopts the seminal Okpewhorean
aestheticist position that myth is the basic imaginative
resource from which the larger cultural values derive
and that any narrative
of the oral
tradition is a myth (Okpewho,1983). Additionally, he
adopts an approach that essentialises structural unity of
Gĩkũyũ mythology and appropriates cultural
signification to
mythological structures, defined as
Worlds. Dr. Wainaina
proposes that Gĩkũyũ modes of cultural thought and
practice can
be derived from analysis of
transformational relationships of the
Worlds of the culture's mythology . Come on a brilliantly
guided voyage
of mythological discovery at the end of
which you will certainly appreciate and easily
assimilate its system.


'approximately a half of those women who develop cervical' cancer can be cured we see that almost 2 per cent of the population of England and Wales 'develop the .disease. Modern methods of treating established caiicer of the cervic, n'amely, surgery, radiotherapy or a combination of both, offer little hope of a significant increase in the chances of survival of those wom'en who develop the disease and we, therefore, ask ourselves if the re'is'an5r *way -in which our women folk can protect themselves from developing and dying from it. Our mind immediately turns to prevention for obviously if the cause of the disease was known then sfeps~could be taken to erradicate the factor or factors responsible. It would be wise at this stage to establish that there are two types of-cancer of the,cervix; the more common type, it squamou's carcinoma of the cervix and this accounts for 95 per cent of all cervical cancers, the remaining 5 per cent being adeno-carcinbma. It is to the more common squamous carcinoma that the rest of this talk will be directed. ',&dquo; '. +,' &dquo; . ' &dquo;


PURPOSE: A CMOS of high performance formed on the separation by implantation of oxygen(SiMOX) and the MOS transistor having a shallow source and drain area and a very short channel length is provided. CONSTITUTION: The manufacturing method of a silicide device includes the steps of: getting a substrate forming a device area; providing a structure placed between the substrate and the voluntary silicide layer; forming a first layer of a first reactive material on the formed structure; providing an insulating area on a selected part of the structure; forming a second layer of a second reactive material on the insulating area and the first layer of the first reactive material; forming a silicide layer by reacting the first and the second reactive material; eliminating the non-reacted reactive material; forming a structure placed on the silicide layer; and metallizing the device.


Since 1990 there has been a rapid increase in the demand for communication services, especially local and wide area network (LAN/WAN) oriented services. With the introduction of the DFB laser transmitter, hybrid-fiber-coax (HFC) cable plant designs, ATM transport technologies and rf modems, new LAN/WAN services can now be defined and marketed to residential and business customers over existing cable TV systems. The term metropolitan area network (MAN) can be used to describe this overall network. This paper discusses the technical components needed to provision these services as well as provides some perspectives on integration issues. Architecture at the headend and in the backbone is discussed, as well as specific service definitions and the technology issues associated with each. The TCP/IP protocol is suggested as a primary protocol to be used throughout the MAN.


In a cross-sectional study, the effects of disease duration of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) were examined along with parent history of DM on disease-related outcome variables. Specifically, the moderating role of parent history of DM on outcome variables was examined. Participants were 53 male veterans with DM. Chart reviews and self-reports were examined. Results showed that in those with a positive parent history of DM, hopelessness increased with diabetes duration. In the negative parent history group, glycemic control worsened with disease duration. These findings suggest parent history of DM should be considered in designing interventions to facilitate coping with type 2 diabetes.


In a solar cavity receiver the overall efficiency depends on the thermal losses occurring from it. These losses mainly comprises of three types i.e. conduction, convection and radiation. Out of which convection losses constitutes of the majority of these losses. In this paper the CFD software analysis of a cylindrical cavity receiver of length 30 cm and internal diameter 20 cm is carried out to study the temperature variation within the cavity receiver due to heat losses. The analysis is carried out for internal wall temperature of 500K, 1000K, and 1500K. The cavity receiver's inclination angle varied from 0ͦ, 30ͦ, 45ͦ , 60ͦ to 90ͦ at ambient temperature 293 K.


Negative Sasakian manifolds, where the first Chern class of the contact subbundle is a torsion class, can be viewed as Seifert-$S^1$ bundles where the base orbifold has an ample orbifold canonical class. We use this framework to settle completely an open problem formulated by C.Boyer and K.Galicki which asks whether or not arbitrary connected sums of $S^2\times S^3$ are negative Sasakian manifolds. As a consequence of the affirmative answer to this problem, there exists so-called Sasaki eta-Einstein and Lorentzian Sasaki-Einstein metrics on all of these five-manifolds and moreover all of these can be realized as links of isolated hypersurface singularities defined by weighted homogenous polynomials. The key step is to construct infinitely many hypersurfaces with branch divisors in weighted projective that contain only rational curves.


Description of the automatic highway designed by Vladimir K. Zworykin. Each traffic lane has a wire cable buried in the paving down its middle. Carrying an alternating current, it will serve as a guide to the electronic devices on each car which make the power steering system keep the car centered over it.


We study the complete lattice of convergences, that is, of relations between a set and the set of its filters. Various properties of convergences (like isotonicity, antitonicity, being a pseudotopology, a pretopology, an adherence) determine subsets of the lattice of convergences which possess certain particular features called "cyrtological". The morphisms associated to these sets, said "cyrtomorphisms", are basic in the study of convergences. A method of generation of GALOIS connections relative to cyrtomorphisms is proposed. Semigroups generated by some cyrtomorphisms are analyzed.


Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the interaction between the sustainability of the European social model and the European Union's revised Lisbon Strategy and its focus on jobs and growth. The success of this strategy – following its five‐year mid‐term review in 2005 – depends on attempts to renew European competitiveness through, for example, innovation and life‐long learning and well‐designed reforms of the European social model.Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews the evolution of the Lisbon Strategy and sets out the broader context for European policy on competitiveness. It provides the backdrop for discussions linking competitiveness to corporate responsibility.Findings – The sustainability of the European social model depends on the success of the overall strategy for growth and jobs, in which innovation and life‐long learning are key. The concrete solutions to achieve a successful combination of those factors in each member state need to be found by countries themselves. That is w...


The Data Colada blog post 98 presents evidence that the data in the paper in question were fabricated in two ways: the miles driven were generated as random numbers from a uniform distribution between 0 and 50,000, and the initial datasets in font 'Calibri' were duplicated in font 'Cambria' with baseline miles increased by random numbers drawn from a uniform distribution between 0 and 1,000. These manipulations alone do not create the desired effect (which consists of greater values of miles driven for persons in the Top-sign condition). Quite the opposite: randomizing the core variable in this way practically guarantees not finding the large effect shown in the original paper (t-stat > 10). Therefore, it must have been built into the data separately. To understand how this was done, this short note analyzes the duplicates ("twins") that can be uniquely identified. The analysis suggests that for a subgroup of twins, the Top-sign and Bottom-sign conditions were changed in line with the desired effect.


An approximate harmonic analysis method for non-linear circuits is introduced. the method solves the steady state, time domain representation as well as the frequency response of non-linear circuits. It allows simulation of non-ideal switched capacitor circuits composed of any kinds of linear components and non-linear transistors as switches. All switches must have the same period, but they can be opened and closed at any time. the method proposed may also be applied to mixer analysis for the case of strong LO and weak RF signals. Examples are given to demonstrate that the method is efficient and sufficiently fast to be used in circuit design. the simulation results show good agreement with those obtained by harmonic balance and transient analysis.


Objective To design cyclic stretching loading equipment for cultured cells to simulate the stress environment in vivo.Methods The stretching-loading equipment consisted of hardware and software which were controlled by computer.The hardware was composed of a vacuum system,control circuit and anti-jamming device,and the software was based on C language.The bottom of the cultured cellular layer was stretched by a MCU-controlled vacuum pump and solenoid valve,and therefore,the cells the adhered to the plate were stretched.This device was further verified through the loading on vascular smooth muscle cells.Results The loading equipment control force value,time of stretching and relaxation,and working time were effective;Vascular smooth muscle cells grew stably on the culture plate and exhibited proliferative activity under loading.Conclusion The equipment fits well for cyclic stretching-loading on cultured cells in vitro,and will be widely used for tensile mechanical loading of cell mechano-biology.


A revised procedure for the design of steel plate shear walls is proposed. In this procedure the thickness of the infill plate is found using equations that are derived from the plastic analysis of the strip model, which is an accepted model for the representation of steel plate shear walls. Comparisons of experimentally obtained ultimate strengths of steel plate shear walls and those predicted by plastic analysis are given and reasonable agreement is observed. Fundamental plastic collapse mechanisms for several, more complex, wall configurations are also given. Additionally, an existing codified procedure for the design of steel plate walls is reviewed and a section of this procedure which could lead to designs with less-than-expected ultimate strength is identified. It is shown that the proposed procedure eliminates this possibility without changing the other valid sections of the current procedure.


Over the last few decades, intelligence studies moved from a unique theory based on secrecy to multiple epistemologies to address different objects (e.g., intelligence analysis, counterintelligence...


The chapter details the creation of a Peace Fellows program for students at a New York university, supported by community and university institutions, as well as activist professors, to nurture young people to learn about and take action on peace and social justice issues. The program resulted in an Institute for Peace Studies, a Minor in Peace and Conflict Studies, a Peace Action Matters club, and alumni who hold positions as peace organizers.


Steady-state isotropic transient kinetics analysis has been applied to determine attributes of the active intermediates and the surface kinetics of ethane hydrogenolysis, known to be a very structure-sensitive reaction, on Ru/SiO2. The abundances, coverages, and lifetimes of surface intermediates of the reaction were measured under reaction conditions and their dependence upon temperature was determined. The results show that intrinsic activities and abundances of surface di-carbon and mono-carbon species change in different ways with temperature. The surface coverage of di-carbon species is much lower than that of mono-carbon species, while the reactivity of the mono-carbon species is greater than that of the di-carbon species. The surface coverage of di-carbon species was not found to change with temperature under the conditions studied, while that of mono carbon species increased with increasing temperature. The results suggest that the breakage of the C-C bond is the slowest step for ethane hydrogenolysis. The activation energies of the surface reactions of di- and mono-carbon species were found to be 36 ± 3 and 9 ± 3 kcal/mole, respectively. The exchange reaction of ethane with deuterium was also investigated in order to understand better the reaction mechanism.


Objective To analyze the histopathological features of IgG4-related sclerosing sialadenitis and to discuss the possible criteria for its diagnosis. Methods We collected 27 cases of diagnosed chronic sialadenitis and Kuttner's tumor from our files,using immumohistochemical technique to detect the IgG and IgG4 positive plasmacytes,and to count their numbers. Results 7 of 27 cases met the diagnostic criteria,the histopathological features of the 7 cases showed acinar atrophy,interstitial fibrosis and massive lymphoplasmacytic infiltration,immunohistochemical stain showed IgG4+plasma cells 50 /HPF,and IgG4+/ IgG+plasma cells 0. 4. Conclusions IgG4-related sclerosing sialadenitis is an inflammatory disease which involves the submandibular gland in most instances. Salivary gland tissue fibrosis with plentiful lymphocytes and plasmacytes infiltration is the main histological features. Immunohistochemical staining shows that a large number or a high proportion of IgG4+plasma cells in the tissue is a crucial diagnostic criterion.


The heart can be exposed to hypoxia in several circumstances including pulmonary disease, pulmonary embolism, aspiration, during cardiac arrest, and at high altitude. In patients with chronic pulmonary diseases there may be severe hypoxia on exercise and during sleep."2 The mechanisms ofnocturnal hypoxia are complex, and include reductions in alveolar ventilation and mismatching of ventilation and perfusion.34 Hypoxia in these patients leads to secondary pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale.56 Patients with sleep apnoea syndromes, either obstructive or central, also have episodes ofnocturnal hypoxia. There have been few studies of the effects on the heart of arterial hypoxaemia as distinct from myocardial ischaemia. It is likely that the effects differ: first, arterial hypoxaemia is generalised whereas myocardial ischaemia is usually localised; and secondly, the cellular metabolism of ischaemic myocardium differs from that of perfused but hypoxic myocardium.78 The effects ofhypoxia on myocytes are similar to those in other cells. There is a decline in ATP concentrations and increased glucose uptake and anaerobic glycolysis, the resulting pyruvate being largely converted into lactate and alanine.8 During hypoxia without ischaemia there is a sustained increase in glycolytic flux with less intracellular acidosis than occurs during ischaemia.' Hypoxia also causes less mitochondrial damage, and the rate of ATP synthesis recovers more rapidly after a period of nonischaemic hypoxia than after ischaemia.9 "' Unlike localised myocardial ischaemia, hypoxaemia will also affect the heart via direct and reflex effects on other sites in the circulation. Hypoxia acts directly as a vasodilator especially in the coronary and cerebral vessels, and stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors causes reflex vasoconstriction of the splanchnic, muscle, pulmonary, and cutaneous beds, with either vasodilation or no net effect in the coronary and cerebral beds."


of his thesis. For this we must await the larger and hopefully more definitive study of the professions in the early nineteenth century which Calhoun's researches are, we trust, leading up to. As an interim report, Professional Lives in America lacks the coherence and overall clarity of his earlier study of The American Civil Engineer, but has the virtues of imagination and a willingness to speculate about larger issues. John G. Cawelti The University of Chicago


C ONTEMPORARY MANAGEMENT of the patient with penetrating neck trauma no longer hinges on mandatory surgical exploration. Current recommendations continue to advocate surgical intervention in the unstable patient (hemodynamically unstable, unstable airway, shock, expanding hematoma, active, brisk bleeding, and air sucking in and out of the wound). Although the principles of establishing the airway, supporting breathing, and maintenance of circulation remain primary, the stable patient can now be evaluated with a multitude of diagnostic studies including computed tomography with angiography, Doppler ultrasonography, and fluoroscopy, thus avoiding the negative surgical exploration. This more selective approach has been championed in the last 10 years as patients with these injuries have been carefully studied. Technological advances in interventional radiology and endovascular techniques allow identification and management of potentially life-threatening injuries while saving many patients from surgery. This review surveys the current literature on penetrating neck trauma and presents diagnostic and treatment recommendations for vascular and aerodigestive injuries in the neck. Recommendations for diagnostic approaches and management algorithms are offered.


This work proposes a methodology specially aimed at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). The methodology is based on the use of quantitative and qualitative indicators that allow diminishing the assessment's subjectivity and the uncertainty of the results. This proposal was designed within the implementation of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) according to the ISO standard 14.001/2015, so it can be applied by any kind of organization interested in improving its environmental performance by identifying its environmental aspects, as well as assessing and preventing its environmental impacts. The methodological proposal assesses standard criteria like the affected area and the frequency of the activities that generate the environmental aspects. This analysis is complemented by innovative indicators such as the danger of the substances related to the environmental aspect, the time of exposure and the effects on human health. Additionally, some indicators that allow measuring the magnitude of the harm generated by the identified aspects are also included. The proposed approach has two main advantages: first, it allows integrating the environmental analysis with other management systems, such as the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series (OHSAS 18001), quality (ISO 9001) and general requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO 17025), among others; and second, it establishes an indicators system whose frequent assessment allows following up the environmental aspects and evaluate the effectiveness of its management measures. The application of this methodology in the main seat of Universidad Nacional de Colombia revealed that the most significant environmental aspects were: generation of ordinary solid waste, consumption of potable water, consumption of electric power, generation of recyclable solid waste, and wastewater discharge.


It is universally accepted that housing is humanity's third most essential need after food and clothing. Rapid population growth and increasing urbanization have led to overcrowding in urban housing, homelessness and overstretching of existing infrastructure and services. This paper examines the various construction materials that are readily available in abundance in Nigeria and construction techniques used in building to support housing for the urban poor. It appraises the architectural functions and values of these materials and their potentialities as common and affordable building materials. The paper concludes that with the application of applied building research and general acceptance of locally available materials and building construction techniques, the problem of high cost of building materials that make it difficult for the urban poor to have their own housing would be greatly resolved in Nigeria urban centres. Keyword: low-cost, housing, urban poor, material, techniques, construction.


The non-restoring algorithm, which is derived from restoring division, determines the residual by repeatedly deducting the dividend from the shifted divisor until the remainder is within the desired range. Since just the shifting operation, arithmetic addition, and subtraction are used in the computation, non-restoring division requires less hardware to accomplish and provides the exact value of the quotient and remainder. In this paper, the Non-Restoring division algorithm is implemented in 2 ways for 64-bit input dividend and divisor and the method which dissipates less power compared to the other is shown.

Keywords: restoring division, non-restoring division, dividend, divisor, quotient, remainder


Background Ursolic acid in seaberry exhibits many biological activities. It has been shown to suppress carbachol-induced bladder muscle contraction and TGF-β-induced bladder smooth muscle cell contraction in collagen gel. We previously performed a clinical trial of ursolic acid in Japanese subjects with mild urinary dysfunction. The findings obtained showed that an 8-week treatment with ursolic acid(0.36 mg/day)improved several King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ)scores, including"Does your bladder problem make you depressed?". A significant improvement was observed in the overactive bladder syndrome score(OABSS)for the item "How often do you have a sudden desire to urinate, which is difficult to defer?". However, that study included healthy Japanese subjects with higher OABSS who were suspected as patients. Objective To adopt the study to the Food with Function Claims system in Japan, we performed a stratified analysis by excluding healthy subjects suspected as patients according to the guidelines of the system. Methods We excluded subjects who scored 2 points or more to the question"How often do you have a sudden desire to urinate, which is difficult to defer?"for OABSS and 3 points or more for total OABSS. The intervention period was 8 weeks, and urinary symptoms were evaluated by KHQ and OABSS. Results The results of the stratified analysis showed that the daily intake of ursolic acid (0.36 mg╱day)for 8 weeks improved scores for"Impact of incontinence" and "Emotions"in KHQ. Improvements were also observed in several items related to urinary anxiety by the same dosing protocol. In OABSS, the score for urinary urgency was improved by the 8-week administration of ursolic acid(0.36 mg╱day). Conclusions The intake of ursolic acid(0.36 mg╱day for 8 weeks)improved several emotional parameters related to urinary dysfunction. Therefore, ursolic acid in seaberry is useful for reducing moderate urinary symptoms in healthy Japanese subjects. (UMIN000023486)


To a distant viewer, the study or the teaching of English in India may strike as a hodge-podge of the syllabi of diverse orientations, a crazy quilt of a patchwork of different national literatures of English. To such a myopic vision, C.D. Narasimhaiah delivers a powerful corrective with his latest publication, English Studies in India, uncovering both a method and a plan in what strangers may consider to be a result of but random developments. By showing how the addition of American Literature, Commonwealth Literature, or African and Caribbean literatures to the English syllabus of old was a historic necessity in modem India's evolution, Narasimhaiah fairly convinces us that given India's colonial history and its contemporary contacts with the English-speaking world, English studies in India could not 'have taken any other route than the one they did take. And Narasimhaiah is almost uniquely qualified for the job he has undertaken here: not only has he been the harbinger of most of the changes in the English syllabus of the country, he has presided over some of the agencies that ultimately became instruments of change. If he indefatigably used the pages of The Literary Criterion, the journal he founded more than 50 years ago, selling now the riches of American Literature, then of the Australian or the Canadian, as chairman of the Indian branch of the Association of Commonwealth Literature and Language Studies, he sponsored writers and scholars from Commonwealth countries enlisting their good will, their network, and their scholarly resources for the enrichment of Indian faculty's academic interests, preparing, in the process, a cadre of new university teachers of English. The University Grants Commission oflndia, which required "research experience as a must for appointments to higher posts" in universities (14), encouraged, if only indirectly, a widening research in new literatures of English. All together, these developments paved the way for a revision of the old English syllabus, one which had in decades past meant "a coverage of the entire history of English Literature"


We study a class of models in which the particle that constitutes dark matter arises as a composite state of a strongly coupled hidden sector. The hidden sector interacts with the Standard Model through the neutrino portal, allowing the relic abundance of dark matter to be set by annihilation into final states containing neutrinos. The coupling to the hidden sector also leads to the generation of neutrino masses through the inverse seesaw mechanism, with composite hidden sector states playing the role of the singlet neutrinos. We focus on the scenario in which the hidden sector is conformal in the ultraviolet, and the compositeness scale lies at or below the weak scale. We construct a holographic realization of this framework based on the Randall-Sundrum setup and explore the implications for experiments. We determine the current constraints on this scenario from direct and indirect detection, lepton flavor violation and collider experiments and explore the reach of future searches. We show that in the near future, direct detection experiments and searches for $\mu \rightarrow e$ conversion will be able to probe new parameter space. At colliders, dark matter can be produced in association with composite singlet neutrinos via Drell Yan processes or in weak decays of hadrons. We show that current searches at the Large Hadron Collider have only limited sensitivity to this new production channel and we comment on how the reconstruction of the singlet neutrinos can potentially expand the reach.


Character education is the deliberate effort (conscious) to help people understand, care about, and implement core ethical values. Expectations character and personality are formed in self-learners that is the dream of success of character education. Learners are expected to understand the values imparted to him, entirely without any mis-understanding at all. Even learners will be expected to understand the development of these values. Koran which is the main source of Islamic education, a lot of mention about character education, but with an expression of character, almost every story contained in the Koran, in which there is character education.


The genomic DNA of Nosema pernyi was extracted by means of "disease-spot" method.The genomic DNA band with a length of around 15 kb was clear and intact in the agarose gel electrophoretogram.PCR amplifications using two pairs of primers(P1/P2 and N1/N2)designed in accordance with conserved regions of the reported Nosema 16S rRNA genes to amplify the genomic DNA showed that both primer pairs yielded one specific DNA band of different size respectively from the genomic DNA of Nosema pernyi,among which amplification with primers N1/N2 could detect 0.47 ng template DNA.It is found that PCR amplification with the same primers,rection system and rection condition can detect the genomic DNA of Nosema pernyi in tussah silkworm larvae and moths effectively,showing high potential in early diagnosis of tussah silkworm pebrine disease.


Abstract
This article discusses the importance of innovative technologies in teaching English. In addition, this work aims to explore the possibilities of Internet technologies to expand the horizons of schoolchildren, establish and maintain business relations and contacts with peers in English-speaking countries. Students can take part in online tests, quizzes, contests, Olympiads, correspond with their peers in other countries, chat, videoconference, etc. In the communicative approach, the use of the Internet is highly encouraged: its purpose is to interest students in learning a foreign language by accumulating and expanding their knowledge and experience. Technological development brings benefits. It increments efficiency and brings citizens unused and superior products and administrations that make strides their by and large standard of living. The benefits of advancement are in some cases moderate to materialize. The benefits of modern innovation in learning the English language are also discussed in the article. They facilitate English language students engage with the language. Equipment permits language learners to break away from the materials and find out real-life English materials that sparkle their concentration and boost their language learning. Technology increments the students' chance for authentic communication with native speakers and other language learners at different levels within or outside the classroom. Training leads to excellence and technology-rich language learning makes it achievable. There are some online activities which can help students learn the language individually. The article highlights the situation of pandemic period Covid-19 all over the world. At that time everybody sat at home and had to study online.

https://www.ocerints.org/intcess23_e-publication/papers/Mukhtasar Abdulla kizi Abdullaeva.pdf