Multiple IoT sensor nodes with radio frequency (RF) power harvesting are deployed in random positions and orientations with respect to the power transmitter (Tx) generally installed on ceiling and side walls. The IoT sensor nodes with wireless power transfer (WPT) systems employing conventional rectenna designs with complex structures can provide only 2-D coverage, thus, free-positioning and orientation-insensitive WPT is unrealizable. Therefore, a novel, compact, planar-integrated rectenna-array providing 3-D-spherical coverage is proposed for the WPT system in two-layer PCB technology. The proposed design scheme harvests maximum RF power in both, azimuth and elevation planes, by encapsulating endfire and inherent tilted-beam bore-sight rectenna elements within a single sector. The radial integration of six such sectors coordinately achieves 3-D-spherical dc coverage, and the bore-sight 3 $\times1$ patch antenna array (PA) functions as a dc low pass filter (dc-LPF) offering miniaturization and insertion loss reduction. The endfire and bore-sight rectenna components harvest 240 and 255 mV at 1280 and $1176~\Omega $ output loads with RF-dc conversion efficiency of 69.1% and 65.28% at 5.8 GHz, respectively. Further, the rectenna elements are integrated using a simple and easily realizable low-loss parallel dc combining circuit, making it suitable for IoT sensor nodes.


Los Angeles-Intrastromal corneal ring segments (Intacs, Addition Technology Inc., Fremont, CA) may be a viable alternative to penetrating keratoplasty for manage-ment of keratoconus, at least in the short term, said Brian S. Boxer Wachler, MD.


Hemiparese is a common problem that can caused disability. Exercise is still considered effective to prevent disability. This study is aimed to increased the muscle strength on hemiparese patient's muscle strength caused by ischemic stroke in RSUD Gambiran Kota Kediri. This study used Quasi Experiment pre and post test research designs. Number of samples were 24 respondents who were divided into intervention group and control group. Evaluation research was done on the first day and eigth day for the two groups. Data were analyzed Paired T test and Independent T Test. Study results showed an increased in muscle strength (p =0.000) in both the intervention groups and there are significant differences between the two groups (p = 0009), which means there is a difference between the control group treatment group. The implication of this research are to use exercise as one of the independent nursing interventions in caring stroke patients with hemiparase and to improve the quality of nursing care, makes healing process faster, prevent complications dan also enrich nursing science. Key words: stroke; hemiparese; modification resisted hand exercise; muscle strength.


With the increasing use of composite materials in aviation, structural aircraft design often becomes limited by stiffness, rather than strength. As a consequence, aeroelastic analysis becomes more important to optimize both aircraft structures and control algorithms. A low computational cost aeroelasticity model based on VLM and rigid-body dynamics is proposed in this work. UAV flight testing is performed to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model. Two flight sections are chosen to be modeled based on recorded aerodynamic surface control data. The calculated accelerations are compared with recorded flight data. It is found that the proposed model adequately captures the general flight profile, with acceleration peak errors between −6.2% and +8.4%. The average relative error during the entire flight section is 39% to 44%, mainly caused by rebounds during the beginning and end of pull-up maneuvers. The model could provide useful results for the initial phases of aircraft control law design when comparing different control algorithms.


An improved system-level power consumption model (PCM) for 5G base station multi-beam phased-array transmit architectures is developed. Using this model, it is shown that an optimum number of antenna elements of the array exists with respect to the total power consumption. The proposed model is benchmarked against a recent study which is shown to underestimate the total power consumed in analog and digital antenna systems by 37% and 126% respectively.


Surface proteins of Gram-positive pathogens play various key roles in pathogenicity. A major mechanism for the surface display of these proteins is sortase-mediated covalent attachment to the cell wall. The importance of sortase in the virulence of several pathogens is now becoming apparent, and this finding may be exploited for the implementation of new therapeutic strategy. This review focuses on the character of sortases and the role that these enzymes play in oral bacterial pathogenesis.


Objective:To study a fast dyeing method in judging the draw material situation of marrow.Methods:Breathing out the film of marrow only with Wright-Giemsa dye,washing with water immediately and observing the draw materials situation using microscope.Results:The peculiar composition of marrow could clearly be distinguished.Conclusion:It is a ideal and fast dyeing method in judging draw material situation of marrow by breathing out the film of marrow only with Wright-Giemsa dye.


doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2009.09.025 J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Img. 2010;3;121-131 Marwick Manish Bansal, Leanne Jeffriess, Rodel Leano, Julie Mundy, and Thomas H.Deformation Analysis Using Tissue Velocity and Speckle-Tracking Assessment of Myocardial Viability at Dobutamine Echocardiography byThis information is current as of May 18, 2011 http://imaging.onlinejacc.org/cgi/content/full/3/2/121 located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services, isDownloaded from imaging.onlinejacc.org


The nature of the physical mechanisms related to the γ-Fe2O3 to α-Fe2O3 phase transition under laser irradiation and heat treatment has been investigated using in situ micro-Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) analysis. Measurements were carried out on as-prepared γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles of about 4 nm in size as a function of laser power and on annealed γ-Fe2O3 particles. Annealing temperature affects the relative fractions of the γ-Fe2O3 and α-Fe2O3 phases, and at 450 °C, the phase transition into α-Fe2O3 becomes complete with apparent crystallite size ⟨D⟩ of about 30 nm. The hematite nanoparticles increase then up to more than 180 nm at 1400 °C. The excellent agreement between evolution of the wavenumbers and bandwidths confirms that the heat treatment and laser irradiation produces the same effects on nanoparticles. Correlations between structure modifications occurring at the nanometric scale during grain coalescence and the evolution of Raman vibrational spectra were quantitatively e...


A power supply protection circuit for motherboard is used to protect the motherboard which is not connected with a CPU power cord. The power supply protection circuit for motherboard comprises a power controller and a power; one output terminal of the power controller is connected to the power to control the power supply of the power; the power supply protection circuit for motherboard further comprises a switching element and a control circuit that respectively makes the switching element turned on and cut off according to the condition that whether the CPU power cord is connected; the switching element is connected between the output terminal of the power controller and the power; the switching element comprises a control terminal that controls the switching element to be turned on or cut off; the control terminal is connected to the CPU through the control circuit. The power supply protection circuit for motherboard can protect the motherboard when an exception happens to the power of the CPU.


This collection of essays by an international group of Catholic scholars attempts to lay the theological and philosophical grounds for the 'new feminism' proposed by John Paul II in his 1995 encyclical Evangelium Vitae. Each of the contributors basically endorses the Pope's view of women as the bearers, promoters and custodians of human life who are graced with a special vocation to teach humanity what it means to respond to God and to create authentic human relations. Although they admit of some extensions of women's traditional roles of marriage, motherhood and celibate religious life into the public sphere so that public life may be 'feminized' and humanized, the tenor of the book is to reinscribe traditional biblical and theological understandings of gender – and the elevated, rather romantic language which speaks of the special 'genius' of women, her 'unique and decisive' role in saving and changing society, and so on, cannot disguise this fact. Gender differences, rooted in biology and vocation, are affirmed, over and against postmodern notions of gender as socially constructed and therefore liable to fluidity. The complementarity and equal dignity of women and men is stressed, over and against some traditional teachings which denied the image of God in women. Nevertheless, what this complementarity means in practice is a reinscribing of women's maternal and relational roles. Heterosexuality rules as the norm of human relations and there is no serious discussion of changing patterns and understandings of sexuality. Nuptial imagery is called upon constantly as the root metaphor for humanity's relationship to Christ, with woman in her femininity representing the Church and a male priesthood carrying the symbolism of Christ. Mary is the exemplar of femininity par excellence whose relationship to Christ as first disciple provides the model of Christian discipleship. While claiming to engage simultaneously with 'traditional' or 'mainstream' feminism, on the one hand, and patriarchal thought on the other, few of the essays engage seriously with the key texts and ideas of feminism or even show more than a limited knowledge of feminist theology – though there are some exceptions. Most of the writers are highly critical of the presuppositions, goals and achievements of feminism and, while in itself it is no bad thing to submit the claims of feminists to critical scrutiny, the 'dialogue' is decidedly one way. Although feminist critique of marriage, male symbolism for God, an all-male priesthood and other features of patriarchal religion are acknowledged, none of the writers admits the power of such critique sufficiently to challenge their understanding of Christian faith.


Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) shows promising results in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumors. These tumors over-express somatostatin receptors that allow us to label somatostatin analogues with 177Lu to deliver dose to the tumor. However, currently every patient receives the same amount of radioactivity of approximately 7400 MBq per treatment cycle. With this "one dose fits all" approach, differences between patients are not taken into account resulting in some being under-treated while others over-treated. The aim of this thesis was to develop a simple protocol for 177Lu activity quantification for patients undergoing PRRT with the purpose of performing personalized dose assessments. Physics phenomena that influence image quantification were investigated. As electrons emitted in the decay of 177Lu result in creation of Bremsstrahlung, Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to investigate this effect on image quantification of 177Lu. Phantom experiments with different attenuation and scatter conditions were performed to test quantification accuracy and evaluate performance of several segmentation methods. Images were reconstructed using the OSEM algorithm and two scatter correction methods were compared. An experiment to measure the camera deadtime was performed by adding activity into a


We report an increase in oscillation frequency of room-temperature terahertz oscillators using AIAs/InGaAs resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) with optimized collector spacer thickness. Because of the trade-off relation between the capacitance and electron transit time for the spacer thickness, an optimum thickness exists in terms of the oscillation frequency. The highest frequency in this experiment was 1.42 THz at the optimum spacer thickness of 12 nm with an output power of ~1 μW. A fundamental oscillation at a frequency >2 THz and output power of ~300 μW at 1 THz are theoretically possible by optimized structures of RTD and antenna.


A new type CAD system for control system analysis and design has been developed on a workstation, which is written in Smalltalk-80, an object oriented language, combined with C and Lisp. The system has the following features: 1) The system can aid designer not only for numerical computation served in the conventional CAD systems but also for symbolic manipulation and knowledge processing. Since these all facilities are integrated in the uniform Smalltalk environment, the system can provide the advanced functions, and then the designer can conduct almost all operations required for analysis and design. 2) The system is based on the concept of •g virtual environment for analysing and designing control system•h, which can provide an environment very close to real situation using real instruments. The object oriented programming paradigm is useful in making this environment. 3) The system has user friendly interface with multiwindow and mouse.


The relative coverage, thermal stability, and electronic properties of CH_(3-) and C_2H_(5-)functionalized Si(111) surfaces prepared by a two-step chlorination/alkylation procedure have been compared using high-resolution synchrotron photoemission spectroscopy. Whereas the CH_(3-) terminated Si(111) surface showed only one C 2s peak for the occupied σ orbitals, the C 2s spectra of C_2H_(5-)terminated Si(111) surfaces showed a symmetric splitting of the occupied σ orbitals, as expected for an ethyl moiety bonded to the surface. The C_2H_5 termination resulted in an unpinning of the Si surface Fermi level, with a band bending of ∼0.2 eV, and produced a surface dipole potential step of −0.23(15) eV. The observed close-to-flat-band condition is similar to that of CH_3−Si(111) and is consistent with H termination of the non-alkylated Si atop sites in the two-step chlorination/alkylation process. The C_2H_(5-)functionalized Si(111) surfaces decomposed at temperatures >300 °C, whereas CH_3−Si(111) surfaces were stable up to at least 440 °C. The data clearly highlight the similarities and identify some significant differences between the behavior of the CH_3- and C_2H_(5-)functionalized Si(111) surfaces.


This paper will discuss the potential of ultrashort pulse laser sources for micromachining applications of metals. It will be demonstrated that by using ultrashort pulse lasers very high precision, comparable to those of EDM or other micromachining technique, is achievable. The application of this novel laser micromachining technology significantly improves the efficiency of the ablation process reducing processing times. The pulse duration requirements for meltingand burr-free ablation of metals will also be discussed. Some examples of microstructures in different metals will be shown.


The release incorporates an end-to-end training and evaluating of a variational autoencoder applied to model TCGA pan-cancer gene expression data. Future releases will stabilize the pipeline and also introduce novel modeling features and evaluation techniques.
Minor Updates:
0.1.2 - Upgrade to HGSC interpolation analysis
0.1.2 - Give the model the name Tybalt


Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype that lacks hormone receptors [estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR)] and overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2/neu). The disease is characterized by an aggressive clinical disease course, and a high risk of disease progression within 5 years of diagnosis. There are currently no targeted treatments available for TNBC, and surgery and chemotherapy are the mainstay of TNBC treatment. TNBC afflicts African-American (AA) women at a 2-3 times higher rate than European-American (EA) women. AAs also present with more aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics such as higher grade and stage at diagnosis, and experience poorer clinical outcomes than EAs among TNBC patients. Furthermore, AAs harbor more aggressive TNBC subtypes such as a basal-like phenotype and quadruple-negative [androgen receptor (AR)-negative TNBC] breast cancer than EA TNBC patients. This disparate burden underscores an urgent need to identify distinctions in inherent tumor biology between racially distinct TNBCs. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are implicated in killing tumor cells and thus have been associated with better clinical outcomes and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Studies have also reported that TILs are associated with more aggressive clinicopathologic characteristics such as such as higher grade, stage, Ki67, TNBC status, and increased lymph node metastasis. In formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded resection samples from TNBC patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy at Emory Hospital in Atlanta, GA, we compared overall (intratumoral and peripheral) TIL counts between AA and EA patients (n=121). We observed a trend of more TILs among AA (n=87) compared to EA (n=34) TNBC patients (p=0.02). Among early-stage (I-II) TNBC patients, we found that AAs (n=71) harbored significantly more TILs than EAs (n=32) (p=0.019) but not among late-stage (III-IV) patients (p=0.86). Among early-stage AA TNBC patients, more TILs negatively correlated with younger age at diagnosis (ρ=-0.25; p=0.03) and positively correlated with intramammary lymph node involvement (ρ=0.36; p=0.002). Furthermore, TILs correlated negatively with AR expression (ρ=-0.25; p=0.04) and positively with BRCA1-associated protein (ρ=0.3; p=0.02) and programmed cell death protein 1 (ρ=0.56; p Citation Format: Nikita Wright, Chaeyun Lee, Wei Guanhao, Uma Krishnamurti, Xiaoxian Li, Padmashree C. G. Rida, Remus Osan, Ritu Aneja. Differences in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes between racially distinct triple-negative breast tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr PR06.


ABSTRACT

Background: Stroke is a diseas that has a high mortality rate as the third most common disease that causes death in the world. To diagnose the location and type stroke, a neuro imaging examination is need, which is by examining the CT Scan of the head. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in diagnostic information on CT scan of the head in cases of ischemic stroke with a choice combination of 3 mm slice thickness with 1.5 mm interval reconstruction and 2 mm  slice thickness with 1 mm interval reconstruction, and to find out which combination is the most optimal in producing diagnostic information in cases of ischemic stroke.
Methods: This type of research is quantitative research with experimental approach. The study was conducted at Telogorejo Hospital Semarang. The sampel in this study were 10 patients with expertise results of ischemic stroke. The resultan data was 10 head scan radiographs with ischemic stroke and each radiograph is reformatted with combination of 3 mm slice thickness with 1.5 interval reconstruction and 2 mm slice thickness with 1 mm interval reconstruction. Assesment of diagnostic information data was done by 3 respondents. before data analysis, first kappa test was done to three respondents and then tested wilcoxon.
Result :The result of this research is the difference of diagnostic information between combination of 3 mm slice thickness with 1.5 mm interval reconstruction and 2 mm slice thickness with 1 mm interval reconstruction. A combination of 2 mm slice thickness with 1 mm interval reconstruction with mean rank 21.00 is the most optimal combination for  head scan with ischemic stroke cases.


A collective adaptive system is composed of a set of heterogeneous, autonomous and self-adaptive entities that come into a collaboration with one another in order to improve the effectiveness with which they can accomplish their individual goals. In this paper, we offer a characterization of ensembles, as the main concept around which systems that exhibit collective adaptability can be built. Our conceptualization of ensembles enables to define a collective adaptive system as an emergent aggregation of autonomous and self-adaptive process-based elements. To elucidate our approach to ensembles and collective adaptation, we draw an example from a scenario in the urban mobility domain, we describe an architecture that enables that approach, and we show how our approach can address the problems posed by the motivating scenario.


To ascertain combining ability 30 hybrids were made from 13 parents in a line X tester mating design during kharif, 2012-13 and tested in a Randomized Block Design with two replications during kharif, 2013-14. Analysis of variance for quantitative traits revealed that all accessions were significantly different and a wide range of variability exists for most of the traits studied. Most promising combinations for seed yield per plant were ICPA 2047 x ICPL 20126, ICPA 2048 x ICPL 20106, ICPA 2047 x ICPL 20108 and ICPA 2047 x ICPL 20098. The general combining ability revealed that among the testers, ICPL 20126 and ICPL 20108 were good general combiners for seed yield/plant. The results also revealed that some crosses exhibited high order significant and desirable SCA effects for different characters involved parents having different GCA effects.


A higher order Godunov method for the radiation subsystem of radiation hydrodynamics is presented. A key ingredient of the method is the direct coupling of stiff source term effects to the hyperbolic structure of the system of conservation laws; it is composed of a predictor step that is based on Duhamel's principle and a corrector step that is based on Picard iteration. The method is second order accurate in both time and space, unsplit, asymptotically preserving, and uniformly well behaved from the photon free streaming (hyperbolic) limit through the weak equilibrium diffusion (parabolic) limit and to the strong equilibrium diffusion (hyperbolic) limit. Numerical tests demonstrate second order convergence across various parameter regimes.


Abstract : Conditions for improving antibody production against T-2 toxin were studied. Methods for the production of antibodies in rabbits against diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), deoxyverrucarol (DOVE), acetyl-deoxynivalenol (Ac-DON) and T-2 toxin metabolities were developed. A new improved method for the production of antibodies against T-2 toxin and DAS in rabbits was developed. A generic-type antibody which cross-reacted with most type A trichothecene mycotoxins was obtained. Saxitoxin antibody was raised after immunizing rabbits with STX-HCHO-BSA. A number of tritiated trichothecene mycotoxins of high specific radioactivity were prepared. With the availability of different antibodies, sensitive and specific RIAS for these mycotoxins (DAS, DOVE, and DON) were developed. A direct competitive ELISA for DAS was developed. An indirect ELISA which permits to detect T-2 toxin in urine, serum and milk was established. An indirect ELISA for simultaneous analysis of HT-2 and T-2 toxin in urine was also established. An indirect ELISA for analysis of saxitoxin (STX) was developed. Antibodies against T-2 toxin and DAS have been used to localize T-2 toxin in different tissues and organs of mice by a immunohistochemical technique. The ability of producing T-2 toxin and DAS by 18 Fusaria was studied. Limited efforts for production of monoclonal antibodies for STX and T-2 toxin were made. Metabolism of T-2 toxin in vitro was found to be affected by esterase inhibitors greatly. Routine production production of antibodies against T-2 toxin and DAS continued. The immunochemical reagents prepared for a delivered to the USAMRIID are summarized.


FIFTY-THREE YEARS AGO, Carl Becker delivered his presidential address, titled "Everyman His Own Historian," at the Minneapolis meeting of the American Historical Association. It received a standing ovation and created shock waves in the historical profession that have not yet subsided. Becker was pleased with the approval he received from his colleagues. W. Stull Holt, then at Johns Hopkins, hailed the address as grand and glorious treason and a well deserved sacrilege against the goddess of scientific history; Ferdinand Schevill of the University of Chicago was delighted that Becker had exploded the "hokum of scientific method and historical truth"; Frederick Jackson Turner, who received a published version, called it one of Becker's "characteristically fine piece[s] of writing." Preserved Smith, one of Becker's colleagues at Cornell, wrote that "Everyman" was the best presidential address within memory, and praise came, too, from Charles A. Beard and J. Franklin Jameson. Outside the profession, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., after reading the essay, wrote Becker: "I have heard you called the finest historian in the country." I Becker himself was not so sure. After he wrote the address, he said "blast the thing," and after it was delivered, he expressed concern that it wasn't up to what he had in mind; but in characteristic Becker fashion, he concluded that since it went over fairly well, while it was not as good as it might have been, it was as good as he could make it.2


Background and Aims: Endoscopic resection (ER) is recommended for the management of duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (D-NETs) confined to the submucosal layer, without lymph node or distant metastasis. While this is accepted practice for lesions <10mm, consensus for larger lesions remains unclear. Although endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been proposed as the preferred ER technique for DNETs ≥10mm, there is limited data on efficacy and safety, particularly in the Western setting.
Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with D-NETs who underwent ESD between 2012 and 2022 in three tertiary referral centers in Australia, France and Belgium.
Results: Fourteen patients with 15 D-NETs were evaluated. Median patient age was 64 years (IQR 58-70 years). All D-NETs were confined to duodenal bulb. Median D-NET size was 10mm (IQR 7-12mm) and specimen size was 15mm (IQR 15-20mm). Median procedure time was 60 minutes (IQR 25-90 minutes). The rate of enbloc resection was 100%. Intra-procedural perforation occurred in 4 (26.7%), with all closed endoscopically without long-term sequelae. There were no episodes of clinically significant bleeding. No local recurrence, lymph node or distant metastasis was observed at a median follow-up of 19.9 months (IQR 10.3-49.3 months).
Conclusions: In experienced hands, ESD for D-NETs can achieve a 100% enbloc resection rate. There were no cases of local recurrence or distant metastatic spread, indicating that ESD may be a viable option for patients with D-NETs 10-15 mm that are not surgical candidates.


A cuttage experiment was carried out in order to study the technology of cuttage and propagation of Japanese honeysuckle(Lonicera japonica) by chose different cutting woods and soaked them with hormone.4 mm thickness leafless cutting woods takn from 2-year-old honeysuckle plants survived most readily.IBA was the best hormone for Japanese honeysuckle(L.japonica) cuttage.Soaking of the cutting woods with IBA 100 mg/L 30 min gave the highest survival rate,most biomass and shortest cicatrizing date.Treatments with NAA 75 mg/L 40 min gave the same results.


Documents and programs reassert the necessary integration of health care and education in early childhood. This study pursues an integration of perspectives of health and education professionals when analyzing elements which facilitate and/or hamper the construction process of role of care in children, of both care of themselves and of other children. This is an observational study based on videos' analysis, focused on caring scenes inside five daycare centers. The observation of the child's role in the caring process mediated by the teacher and of some plays among children involving care proved to be an effective training strategy, also capable of expanding the vision of professionals from complementary fields in order to integrate health and education.


Virtual laboratory experiments can be a useful self-learning and teaching tool for Strength of Materials. Three modules (Material Module, Bending Module, and Torsion Module) were developed and integrated with the engineering core course (ENGR 2153) offered during the Spring semester each year by the College of Engineering at the University of Oklahoma. An overview of these modules is presented in this paper. An informal evaluation of the impact of these modules was conducted. The results of this evaluation are briefly discussed.


Single layers of WS2 nanoplates are uniformly embedded in nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers (WS2@NCNFs) via a facile electrospinning method. Crystallization of the single-layered WS2 nanoplates and in situ nitrogen doping into the carbon nanofibers were simultaneously accomplished during a two-step heat treatment. The distinctive structure of the WS2@NCNFs enables outstanding electrochemical performances.


Pavement design and specification issues regarding the use of natural stone are outlined. The primary factor influencing the design of the surface layer and the support structure are the magnitude, type and frequency of loading that will be applied to the paved area. Pavement construction may be flexible or rigid. Flexible construction involves stabilising stone elements with unbound aggregate. The elements are bedded into a layer of fine rock aggregate and the same material is used to fill the joints between the elements. This locks the elements together by friction between the aggregate and the stone. All surface components can be recycled, costs are low, and there is no curing period, but load bearing capacity is limited. Setts (cubes) should be laid in arcs (Bogen pattern) in areas with vehicular access. Rigid construction involves the use of mortar and is able to provide a long life with minimal maintenance, but is difficult to repair after failure or after access by the utility companies. Other factors regarding choice of construction method, including layer thickness/properties, road layout, and detailing are outlined. Risk assessment is recommended. For the covering abstract see ITRD E113206.


The usually recommended 7- to 10- day course of antibiotic therapy for enteropathogenic Escherichia coli diarrheal disease might be undesirable because neomycin can cause a malabsorption syndrome. One hundred thirteen infants with E. coli arrheal disease were randomly assigned to long-term therapy of 10 days or to short-term therapy. For short-term therapy neomycin was discontinued when daily fluorescent antibody and culture tests were negative; therapy averaged 3 days with a range of 2 to 4½ days for all but one patient. The pathogens were susceptible to neomycin in vitro.
 The initial bacteriologic response was the same in both groups. Bacteriologic relapse without return of symptoms occurred in 14 of 57 in the longterm group and in 7 of 56 babies in the short-term group. Organisms isolated during relapse remained sensitive in vitro to neomycin. In the long-term group diarrhea lasted significanfly longer with a trend to delayed onset of steady weight gain and infectious complications were twice as common. There was no significant change in indirect hemagglutinin titer between acute and convalescent sera in 91% of specimens. Current recommendations for duration of therapy should be shortened to 3 to 5 days. This study and a literature review also raise doubts about the real value of antibiotics in this disease.


A 54 year old woman with diabetes and hypertension was admitted to the outpatient clinic complaining of chest pain of one year's duration. An ECG …


This paper presents a new method for analyzing the dynamic behavior of train–bridge systems with random rail irregularity aimed at its simplicity, efficiency and accuracy. A vertical train–bridge s...


The effects of dopants on the hole transporting properties of N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis(1-naphthyl)(1,1'-biphenyl)-4,4'diamine (NPB) have been studied by time of flight. Five dopants: copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyrle)-4H-pyran (DCM1), 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-[2-(2,3,6,7-tetra-hydro-1H,5H-benzo[ij] quinolizin-8-yl)vinyl]-4H-pyran (DCM2), 2-(4-biphenyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (tBu-PBD), and 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) are used in this study. The dopant molecules behave like hole traps or scatterers. Their detailed behaviors are determined by their highest occupied molecular orbital relative to that of NPB. Generally, traps are found to induce significant reduction in hole mobility while there is a slight reduction for scattering. Two different underlying charge transport mechanisms are proposed.


The first ten books of Chu Sang Zan JiJi by Sengyou was compiled and completed in the Qi Dynasty, which was the most believable documeat discussing the relationship between Wenxin Diaolong and Buddhism. Entering the Liang Dynasty, Sengyou made a great supplement to the book and thus it is generally considered that the book was completed in the Liang Dynasty, which is also right. The key problem lies in the fact that some articles fail to observe the difference betweea the two books, thus mixing up some important problems in the study of Wenxin Diaolong.


The structural changes at the phase transition in NiTiO 3 have been followed by neutron powder diffraction up to 1650 K. At T c 1560 K it transforms from an (ordered) ilmenite structure (R3) to a disordered corundum like structure (R3c) with a random distribution of the cations. Detailed Rietveld refinements including anharmonic and split-atom models revealed that the transition process is not a simple direct interchange of two neighboring cations. Each cation species occupies its own specific position in its actual oxygen octahedron. Some interstitial cation densities are round, but only in a limited temperature region. This is assigned to temperature dependent mobilities or the cations. Taking into account further the temperature variation or the sizes or various interfacial windows and tetrahedral and octahedral cavities an elementary exchange process is deduced. The difficulties in defining atomic occupancies and positions (the order parameters of the transition), when (anharmonic) atomic density distributions are present, are outlined


Background Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality at the community and hospital levels in India. There are several community practices associated with and contributing to Neonatal sepsis, especially late onset variety. Objective To analyze whether scalp shaving is an independent risk factor associated with community acquired late onset neonatal sepsis and the causative organism responsible. Methods This was a prospective, non-interventional, observational study. The study was conducted at two tertiary teaching hospitals in Eastern India from 1st May 2010 to 30th April 2011. A total of 382 babies were diagnosed as Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis and 410 , age and sex matched controls were taken from the Well Baby and Immunization clinics. The patients were clinically screened for sepsis and "septic screen" and blood, urine and CSF cultures sent, as needed. Results History of scalp shaving was present in 46(12.04%) out of 382 cases of Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis as compared to 20(4.87%) of 410 matched community controls, the difference was statistically significant (p<0.005). Positive blood cultures were obtained in 20(43.48%) out of 46 scalp shaven babies as compared to 118(35.11%) out of 336 non scalp shaven babies. The commonest organism in babies with scalp shaving was found to be methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), whereas the most common organism in non scalp shaven babies was Klebsiella pnuemoniae. Conclusion Scalp shaving appears to be an independent variable associated with community acquired Late Onset Neonatal Sepsis. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-3, 35-44


Culture Heritage has the features of worship and ingenuity,so tourists can get high satisfaction from them.As a branch of tourism resource of heritage,historical culture of hot spring should be researched deeply and embodied in detail.This paper believed that hot spring tourism on historical culture can balance fast developing of large hot spring resort by digging geo-thermal everywhere.On the basis of defining hot spring culture heritage and discussing the available researches,the author studied a series of content on hot spring heritage with the case of Linyi,such as Tangtou phenomenon,lowering temperature through pools in series,inner Tang and outside Tang,time and season Tang in order to get some dynamics in very detail,discussed the differences between hot spring and Tangtou in opinion and emphasized the concept of ancient hot spring engineering,concluded the practical meaning finally for this kind of research,such as constructing hot spring culture heritage park,renovating heritage for education and hot spring developing should have culture authenticity.


Soil nitrogen deficiency is a major factor limiting soybean production. This problem can be alleviated by the use of nitrogen fertilizers which on the other hand adversely affect the environment, are expensive and unaffordable to most peasant farmers. Alternatively, attention is being paid to improving soil nitrogen through the use of environmental friendly biological nitrogen fixation of soybeans in an attempt to develop sustainable cropping systems. There is however inadequate knowledge on estimates of nitrogen fixation by soybean varieties in Kenya. In light of this, growth experiments were designed to investigate biological nitrogen fixation in promiscuous and non promiscuous soybeans. Results from the field experiment showed that the two promiscuous soybean varieties (TGx 1869 and TGx 1893) nodulated better than the non promiscuous Gazelle. Uninoculated Gazelle did not produce any nodule while uninoculated TGx 1869 and TGx 1893 nodulated with indigenous soil rhizobia. Inoculation affected nodulation since there was a significantly higher mean nodule number in inoculated soybeans (highest in TGx 1869 IN – 76) as compared to uninoculated (highest in TGx 1869 – UNC - 21) and(0.0) in nitrogen treated soybeans at podding. Inoculated soybeans had higher shoot dry weight (highest in TGx 1893 IN - 19.30 g) than uninoculated soybeans (highest in TGx 1869 UNC - 13.50 g) .Stover biomass was higher in inoculated soybeans (13.07 g) than in uninoculated treatments (6.91 g). Although there was no significant difference in seed dry weight of inoculated (14.10 g) and uninoculated (8.11 g), inoculated soybeans had higher seed dry weight. The inoculated TGx varieties had higher seed dry weight (TGx 1869 at 12.94 g and TGx 1893 at 14.10 g) than Gazelle (10.12 g). There is need to adopt growing of promiscuous TGx varieties and to exploit biological nitrogen fixation with the view of increasing soybean yields and decreasing overdependence on nitrogen fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Key words: Bradyrhizobia, Soybean, Glycine cross, inoculation, nodulation, promiscuous, TGx, nitrogen fixation.


For recognition of decorated characters through existing optical character recognition system (OCR), structure extraction of the decorated characters is required. Omachi et al. proposed a structure extraction method for these characters. However, characters including both thin lines and thick lines simultaneously tend to fail the extraction of structure. To overcome the performance in Omachi's method, we have proposed another method based on graph spectral decomposition. In the previous work, we showed applicability of the proposed method to wider range of decorated characters. However, selection criterion among decomposed components for obtaining good results have not been clarified. In this paper, we propose a new criterion to select components in the graph spectral decomposition framework for structure extraction. Experimental results show the validity of the criterion.


Cryptocurrencies are gaining momentum in investor attention, are about to become a new asset class, and may provide a hedging alternative against the risk of devaluation of fiat currencies following the COVID-19 crisis. In order to provide a thorough understanding of this new asset class, risk indicators need to consider tail risk behaviour and the interdependencies between the cryptocurrencies not only for risk management but also for portfolio optimization. The tail risk network analysis framework proposed in the paper is able to identify individual risk characteristics and capture spillover effect in a network topology. Finally we construct tail event sensitive portfolios and consequently test the performance during an unforeseen COVID-19 pandemic.


This is a study of an unusual kind of mahdist and/ or Islamic millenarian movement, the Mahdiyya movement, which emerged in Ijebuland, south-westem Nigeria in January 1942. The movement is unusual in several important respects: in its pacifism mahdist movements wherever they are found tending to advocate jihad of the sword as the principah-'-ý means of attaining their goal; in the extent to which it combined the restorative and the' retributive ethos; in its irenic attitude toward Christianity, and in its aim, which was essentially the creation of a "new religion of the spirit" that would transcend religious divisions, in contrast with the usual mahdist preoccupation, the complete restoration of Islam per se., The principal' ienet of the movement expresses this irenic spirit: a true Muslim or Christian is one wholkitows, meditates upon and gives equal weight and respect to the Bible and the Qur'an and to the prophets Jesus and Muhammad. Ile Mahdiyya, a revitalization movement, adapted a number of Christian rites including marriage and encouraged the integration of Islamic and western education to meet the needs of a small but growing number of younger more westernised Muslims. The crisis of royal legitimacy that followed on the imposition by the British colonial administration of the "Sole Native Authority" system in 1916 was perhaps the most important immediate cause of Mahdisrn in Ijebuland. It left this once tightly structured and firmly governed kingdom leaderless and directionless providing the opening for the MahdiMessiah whose apocalyptic predictions were given added significance by epidemics and wars, and in particular World War H. The response to the claims and the message of the self-proclaimed Mahdi-Messiah, Muhammad Jumat Imam, varied. The reaction of the colonial administration, always nervous about Mahdism, was hostile as was that of the Muslim, Christian, apart from the Ijebu Aladura, and Traditional leaders. The popular response, although by no means uniform, was much more enthusiastic, especially among Ijebu women. Many of the MahdiMessiah's followers were indeed women and they were attracted by what they referred to as his "good character", while this charismatic leader's male followers were impressed by his claim to be the divinely appointed black prophet and saviour of Africa. But all, even those who rejected his claims, admired this largely self educated prophet's learning and gift of "divine knowledge". As to the social composition of the Mahdiyya, the movement contained some who were destitute and for whom society made little if any provision. Many followers, furthermore, were people in that unhappy position of being unable, for emotional, psychological, and religious reasons, to belong wholly to the traditional world and yet were ill equipped and without the means to embrace the new order. Ijebu Mahdisrn was, therefore, a system of support and leadership for those left alone and helpless by poverty. But, it was also an attempt by people living in a new re1jious, political, economic and social context, and , whose traditional cosmology no longer worked as effectively as it once did, to understand and come to grips with the growth of individualism and the waning of community-based morality, with a pluri-confessional society, with the new idioms and new assumptions that colonialism had generated, and to control and harness the two edged sword of modernization. The Mahdiyya, which splintered on the death of its founder in 1959 over the interrelated questions of inheritance and the right of a woman to be the overall leader of the movement, provided many who lived on the margins of the old and new worlds and would otherwise have been left to digest change in its raw, naked state, with an ideology that enabled them to cope with the transition to modernity, and in this and other respects it can be compared and contrasted, as is the case in the conclusion to this study, not only with other Nigerian and West African mahdist movements but also with Christian-inspired messianic movements, and with Masm's approach to change.


> … this is an experimental verification of this medical concept, relatively new, suggesting that infections merit an important place in the etiology of human atheromatous arteritis …
>
> —Gilbert and Lion, 1889,
>
> Comptes Rendus Hebdomadairesdes
>
> Seances et Memoires de la Societe de Biologie 1

The connections between infection and cardiovascular disease have been postulated for at least 125 years, when Gilbert and Lion1 observed that acute infection with the typhoid bacillus resulted in atherosclerotic changes to the rabbit aorta. In the past few decades, much work has investigated the role for chronic viral and atypical bacterial infections in the progression of atherosclerosis; however, trials of antibiotics as secondary prevention for cardiovascular events have been disappointing.2 More recently, epidemiological studies demonstrated an association between acute infection and cardiovascular events, such as acute myocardial infarction,3 stroke,4 cardiomyopathy,5 or atrial fibrillation.6

Article see p 1387

In this issue of Circulation , Dalager-Pedersen et al7 explore the association between community-acquired bacteremia and acute myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke using a population-based cohort study of bacteremic patients from northern Denmark. The authors compare rates of myocardial infarction and stroke among 4389 bacteremia patients to rates among 43 831 matched community-dwelling controls and 21 893 matched hospitalized controls. The use of a hospitalized control group allows for the assessment of excess cardiovascular risks associated with bacteremia compared with age-, sex-, and admission year–matched acutely ill, hospitalized patients and reduces potential detection bias for cardiovascular events during a hospitalization. The community-dwelling cohort allows for the assessment of excess cardiovascular risk compared with matched general population controls. The authors found that patients with community-acquired bacteremia had higher rates of a composite end point of acute ischemic stroke or acute myocardial infarction (3.6% incidence) compared with both hospitalized patients (1.7%) and …


A time-frequency joint algorithm based on EEMD(Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition) and Choi-Williams distribution was put forward. The algorithm decomposed signals into a aggregation of several Intrinsic Mode Functions in the frequency domain adopting the EEMD algorithm.Then processed the components with the Choi-Williams distribution and the time-frequency distribution characteristics of signals could be obtained.The algorithm could eliminate the cross terms of the IMF within the signal and get the nature correlative characteristics of the signal.Through the joint time-frequency analysis of acceleration signals which is measured in Penetration of two concrete targets of different thickness using EEMD and Choi-Williams distribution,the conclusion that the stimulated vibration modes of the projectile are related with the thickness of target and the speed when the projectile contacts with the target.


Background The World Health Organization has warned that cigarette smoking is an avoidable risk factor for endothelial injury. Myogenin might play a role in muscle metabolism and energy utilization. Electrolytes and minerals are involved in most cellular activities. The objective of this study was to compare myogenin and electrolyte levels between adult male cigarette smokers (CS) and non-smokers (NS). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 90 subjects, consisting of 55 CS and 35 NS. The sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine myogenin levels while the ion-selective electrode method was used to determine electrolyte levels. The levels of sodium, potassium, and chloride and the body mass index (BMI) were measured. Mann-Whitney and independent t-test were used to analyse the data. Results The BMI of CS was significantly lower than that of NS (p < 0.05). The mean serum levels of sodium (145.23 ± 1.87), potassium (4.00 ± 0.31) and chloride (103.95 ± 1.60) were significantly higher in the CS than in the NS (these being 142.38 ± 2.49, 3.83 ± 0.33, and 101.48 ± 2.08, respectively) (p<0.05). Myogenin levels (44.24 ± 14.60 pg/mL) tended to decrease in the CS group compared to the NS group (59.66 ± 61.73 pg/mL), but the difference was statistically not significant (p=0.769). Conclusion The study demonstrated that higher concentrations of sodium, potassium and chloride with lower concentrations of myogenin in smokers may be associated with higher risk of skeletal muscle tissue injury probably due to the inability of the affected small blood vessels to transport electrolytes to tissues.


Background: Thymoquinone (TQ), an active part of Nigella sativa, has been reported as an anticancer agent. This study aimed to evaluate different anti-cancer effects of TQ on oxidative stress markers and Peroxiredoxin4 (P4) in lung cancer A549 cell line. Method: In this experimental study, we used TQ concentrations to treat lung A549 cells and determined cell viability by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay at 12h, 24h, and 48h times. The IC50 concentration of TQ was found with MTT assay. We studied the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) using the manual assay, and analyzed catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutases (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity using the enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. Moreover, the concentration of peroxiredoxin-4 (PRXD4) was measured with the ELISA Kit. Results: The IC50 of TQ for A549 cells was calculated to be 40 μM concentration for 24 h of incubation. TAC index significantly decreased in the treated cells compared to the controls (P = 0.05) whereas TOS and PRXD4 levels showed a significant increase (P = 0.05). Additionally, the results showed that the CAT, SOD, and GPX activity enzymes significantly decreased in 20, 40, and 60 μM TQ in comparison with the control cells (P = 0.05). Conclusion: TQ has significant inhibitory effects on A549 cells and could be utilized in novel therapy not only for lung cancer, but also for other tumors.


Abstract Formation control of a group of unmanned autonomous vehicles has broad applications and has attracted increasing interests in recent years. In this paper we develop a set of behaviour-based rules for circle formation control of a team of cooperative unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs). Fuzzy logic controllers adapt priority weights on these behaviour-based rules online according to the situation that the vehicles meet. The decision of the vehicle's steering direction is made by a combination of these rules multiplied by their relative priority weights. The simulation results for a mission scenario show that the behaviour-based method can achieve circle formation control of a team of UUVs. The effects of changes in the system parameters on the simulation results are discussed.


The tropical climate prevailing in India adversely affects temperate bivoltine silkworm rearing and causes crop loss especially during summer. Identification of high temperature tolerant bivoltine breeds by screening for thermotolerance in the silkworm, Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) is an essential prerequisite for the development of thermotolerant bivoltine breeds / hybrids. Therefore, in this study, 20 silkworm breeds were reared at different temperatures (25 ± 1°C,32 ± 1°C, 34 ± 1°C and 36 ± 1°C) for 6 h every day from 3 rd d of th instar to till spinning. Significant differences ( p < 0.01) were found among all the rearing traits over temperature. Based on pupation percentage, SK4C and BHR3 were identified as thermotolerant bivoltine breeds. Hierarchical clustering analysis based on rearing traits at tested temperatures grouped 20 silkworm breeds in four clusters which included one cluster each of susceptible and tolerant, and two clusters of moderately tolerant silkworm breeds. This suggests that clustering based on rearing data at high temperatures by using Euclidean distance can be an effective approach in classifying the silkworm breeds on their thermotolerance capacity. The identified breeds would be used for development of thermo tolerant bivoltine silkworm breeds / hybrids.


A field experiment was conducted to study the "Effect of NAA and boron levels on growth, yield and quality of sprouting broccoli [Brassica oleracea (L.) var. italica Planck]", during rabi season 2017-18 at Horticulture Farm, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Jobner (Jaipur). The experiment consisted of sixteen treatment combinations including four NAA (control, NAA @ 100 ppm, NAA @ 200 ppm, and NAA @ 300 ppm) and four boron levels (control, boron @ 0.75 kg/ha, boron @ 1.5 kg/ha and boron @ 2.25 kg/ha) were under taken in randomized block design with three replications. The results of the study clearly indicated that application of NAA @ 300 ppm to the sprouting broccoli significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, chlorophyll content in leaves (3.01mg/g), weight of primary curd (411.61 g), number of secondary curds per plant, weight of secondary curd (145.80 g), volume of curd (127.45 cc), yield per plant, yield per plot, yield per ha (165.19 q), ascorbic acid content (83.89 mg/100g) protein content, boron content, net returns ( 263506/ha) and B:C ratio (3.92) as compared to control and found at par to NAA @ 200 ppm. Application of NAA @ 300 ppm days taken to curd formation was found minimum as compared to control. Similarly, boron levels significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, leaf area, chlorophyll content in leaves (2.98 mg/g), weight of primary curd (384.02 g), number of secondary curds per plant, weight of secondary curd (135.61 g), volume of curd (125.95 cc), yield per plant, yield per plot, yield per ha (153.94 q), ascorbic acid content ( 88.36 mg/100g) protein content, boron content, net returns ( 233471/ha) and B:C ratio (3.48) as compared to control and found at par to boron @ 1.5kg/ha. Application of NAA @ 300 ppm days taken to curd formation was found minimum as compared to control. Further, it can be concluded that combined application of NAA @ 300 ppm along with boron @ 2.25 kg/ha proved to be most superior treatment combination as it fetched comparable weight of primary curd, weight of secondary curd, yield per plant, yield per plot, yield per ha (195.58 q), net returns ( 311990/ha) and B:C ratio (4.64) and at par NAA @ 200 ppm along with boron @ 1.5 kg/ha. * Post graduate student, Department of Horticulture, S.K.N. College of Agriculture, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University Jobner. ** M.Sc. (Ag.) thesis submitted to partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of science in Agriculture in the subject of Horticulture under supervision of Dr.S. P. Singh, Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, S.K.N. 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Mean sum of squares Plant height (cm) 30 DAT 60DAT At harvest Replications (R) 2 9.456 40.492 78.001 NAA (A) 3 148.845** 537.068** 686.316** Boron (B) 3 106.551** 451.385** 852.829** A x B 9 1.491 5.166 7.396 Error 30 3.388 14.853 27.788 ** Significant at 5% level Appendix –II Analysis of variance for number of leaves per plant of sprouting broccoli Source of Variation d.f. Mean sum of squares Number of leaves per plant 30 DAT 60DAT At harvest Replications (R) 2 1.560 6.136 11.887 NAA (A) 3 42.178 134.370** 91.770** Boron (B) 3 18.253 70.108** 129.244** A x B 9 0.372 1.217 1.172 Error 30 0.624 2.356 4.007 ** Significant at 5% level Appendix –III Analysis of variance for chlorophyll content and leaf area (cm) of sprouting broccoli Source of Variation d.f. Mean sum of squares Chlorophyll (mg/g) Leaf area (cm) Replications (R) 2 0.179 18327.24 NAA (A) 3 2.962** 105128.98** Boron (B) 3 2.025** 197752.43** A x B 9 0.029 1563.55 Error 30 0.066 5949.07 ** Significant at 5% level Appendix –IV Analysis of variance for days taken in primary curd formation and number of secondary curds per plant of sprouting broccoli Source of Variation d.f. Mean sum of squares Days taken in primary curd Formation Number of secondary curds per plant Replications (R) 2 177.257 1.255 NAA (A) 3 268.732** 11.519** Boron (B) 3 208.981** 13.803** A x B 9 39.994 0.140 Error 30 43.386 0.423 ** Significant at 5% level Appendix – V Analysis of variance for weight of primary curd and weight of secondary curds per plant of sprouting broccoli Source of Variation d.f. Mean sum of squares Weight of primary curd (g/plant) Weight of secondary curds per plant (g/plant) Replications (R) 2 751.591 96.254 NAA (A) 3 122910.428** 11840.330** Boron (B) 3 30266.216** 3721.050** A x B 9 1683.439 230.228 Error 30 723.691 89.578 ** Significant at 5% level Appendix –VI Analysis of variance for total yield per plant, yield per plot and yield per hectare of sprouting broccoli Source of Variation d.f. Mean sum of squares Yield (g/plant) Yield (kg/plot) Yield (q/ha) Replications (R) 2 1382.470 0.199 121.367 NAA (A) 3 209117.987** 30.128** 18368.176** Boron (B) 3 55807.988** 8.131** 4900.424** A x B 9 3073.751** 0.456** 269.943** Error 3


The convenient and effective protecting group 4-(dimethylamino)benzyl reported for the synthesis of the title compounds can be cleaved selectively by using TFA.


OF THESIS Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Portuguese The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico December, 2009


AbstractThe history of industrial activity in an area not normally thought of as an engineering stronghold shows how some highly significant engineering developed; up to the 1950s more people were employed in engineering in the Bristol area than in any other single trade. Bath, as a centre of tourism and of 'polite' society, is archetypal of British attitudes to industry yet the development here of Stothert & Pitt crane and pump making and the forgotten lessons of the Day two-stroke engine of 1891 show the vital importance of manufacturing industry to the creation of wealth in Bath as elsewhere. Yet we continue scandalously to ignore the proper study of our industrial past in favour of more attractive but much less significant aspects of our history, and thus fail to learn the many lessons that history could reveal. This paper is a revised version of an invited lecture given to the Association for Industrial Archaeology, at its ninth annual conference at Bath in September 1987.


Address for correspondence: Pradeep Narayan, Department of Cardiac Surgery, NH Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences, 700094 Kolkata, India, phone: +91 8017249115, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Received: 4.09.2018, accepted: 13.12.2018. Acute type B aortic dissections can be treated medically, surgically as well as by thoracic endovascular stents (TEVAR). However, presentations and pathology can vary and an isolated strategy may not be adequate in managing the condition satisfactorily. We describe a hybrid approach using surgery and endovascular stents to adequately manage type B dissection in a 76-year-old man, a known hypertensive and chronic smoker who presented to the emergency department with acute retrosternal pain radiating to the neck and back. The patient had intractable pain and refractory hypertension despite optimal medical therapy. Echocardiography showed a large subclavian atheromatous flap. Computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed type B aortic dissection (Fig. 1). In view of the patient being elderly, hypertensive and a chronic heavy smoker, surgical repair was considered to be associated with high risk. As the pathology extended up to the left subclavian artery, endovascular stent placement with a sufficient landing zone would have required occlusion of the left carotid artery. A decision was therefore taken to perform a carotico-carotid bypass and an endovascular stent to treat the type B aortic dissection. The carotico-carotid bypass preceded the endovascular stent placement. End-to-side 8 mm PTFE grafts were anastomosed to the right and left carotid artery using 6-0 prolene suture with partial cross clamp. Neurological status was monitored throughout the procedure with the Symantec monitoring system. Following the completion of the carotico-carotid bypass the left subclavian artery was coiled with 1 × 20 mm × 8 cm and 2 × 14 mm × 8 cm Nestor coils to prevent future leaks. A Cook Zenith TX -2 thoracic endograft (36/20-2 mm) was implanted in the descending thoracic aorta with the proximal landing zone extending to the origin of the left subclavian artery. Procedural CT angio showed a satisfactory position of the endovascular stent and no endoleaks. Also the carotico-carotid bypass was confirmed to be patent (Fig. 2). The patient was extubated on the first postoperative day (POD) without any neurologic deficit. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged from the hospital in a stable and improving condition. At 6 months follow-up the patient remains well with no neurological deficits.


A new method for detecting floating and damaged failures for control surface of aircraft based on the information of electric actuator is proposed. The relationship between actuator's armature current and the failure mode is found. It is proved that the armature current will jump to 0 when the control surface is floating, because the hinge torque suddenly changes to 0. And in the damaged failure case, the armature current will decrease proportionally to each increase of the damage area of the control surface rapidly. On the one hand, the characteristics of one electric actuator correspond directly to its corresponding control surface, and the floating/damaged failure is permanent. So there is almost no false and missing alarm. On the other hand, since the change of the armature current is instantaneous, the alarm time is very short. Finally, two illustrative examples are given and the results show that the fault detection time is in 0.2s (20 periods), and this method can be realized in engineering.


INVESTIGATING THE INFLUENCES OF CLIMATE ON HIGH ELEVATION SNOWPACK HYDROLOGY IN THE UPPER COLORADO REGION Claire-Louise Bode April 13, 2016 A change in climate in the western United States has already affected and will continue to affect the onset of snow melt in many parts of the country. The effect of climate change on snow water equivalent, snowmelt runoff and total streamflow with respect to their elevation distribution is examined across the Colorado Headwaters Basin. This is a high altitude location within the Upper Colorado Basin region. The total streamflow of this region has a significant contribution from the spring season snow melt. An increase in air temperature in the Colorado Headwaters Basin over a few years will change the onset of the spring snowmelt for that season. These changes will affect many aspects of water management and utilization that the region is extremely dependent on. Snow water equivalent (SWE), mean/minimum air temperature and USGS stream gage data were collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation to assess whether warmer air temperatures corresponded to reduced snow water equivalent and streamflow discharge for each month at each station and gage in the basin at the 5% level of statistical significance. A linear regression test followed to test for trends across a 30-year time period from 1986 to 2015, followed by a series of Runs tests for stationarity which are


To the Editor: The major challenges in managing patients with the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Many patients with COVID-19 will be in critical condition and will need intubation. Human-to-human transmission has been confirmed, and the virus has spread across the world. Based on current real-time reports, there are 78,962 confirmed COVID-19 cases, with 7,952 patients still in critical condition as of February 28, 2020. Many have been intubated and many remain to be intubated. The problem is that the viral load in the airway is probably very high and is very contagious. This poses significant risks for these who are performing intubation. Anesthesia providers play a vital role in providing in-hospital intubation. However, they generally do not deal with patients with such highly contagious disease. The safety of the patient and the individuals who are involved in the intubation requires special consideration and precautions. Multiple articles related to the precautions of intubation in the perioperative settings have recently been published. Some are empirical recommendations from institutions outside of the epicenter of COVID-19. Here we present our updated first-hand experiences focusing on the safety of the patients and providers performing intubation in an extreme situation from the epicenter of COVID-19, Wuhan, China. As shown in figure 1, three medical providers, who are volunteers from Shanghai and Qingdao, traveled to Wuhan to assist with patients there.


We consider a gravitational wave of arbitrary frequency incident on a normal or a super-conductor. The gravitationally induced fields inside the conductor are derived. The outward propagating EM waves are calculated for a low frequency wave on a small sphere and for a high frequency wave incident on a large disk. We estimate for both targets the GW to EM conversion efficiencies and also the magnitude of the superconductor's phase perturbation.


Extracellular ATP elicits various biological responses and plays a significant role in physiological regulation. Recently, ATP-induced growth inhibitions were reported in some tumor cell lines, but these effects and mechanisms are not well hewn. This study was conducted to investigate ATP-induced growth inhibition in mouse cells. ATP inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner as analyzed by MTS assay. Nucleotides other than ATP, such as ADP and AMP had the same effects as ATP but adenosine showed less effect than ATP. ATP attenuated the cells in phases but increased those in S phase in flow cytometric analysis. Hypodiploid cells, the presumptive findings of apoptosis, were found among the ATP-treated cells. ATP induced DNA fragmentation into as measured by electrophoresis. some apoptotic cells were stained by TUNEL method. ATP increased the intracellular free concentration and the increment of was caused by influx from the extracellular space. These results suggest that extracellular ATP induces growth inhibition through apoptosis.


Expression of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) in cardiac myocytes is well documented, but it remains unclear whether aldosterone or glucocorticoids are the physiologically relevant ligand in the heart. The use of animal models with inappropriate aldosterone levels for salt status has demonstrated a role for MR in the development of cardiac fibrosis. Similar findings in humans have led to the use of MR antagonists as an important therapeutic measure in the treatment of heart failure. However, very little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in MR/aldosterone adverse cardiovascular effects or the physiological role that this receptor plays in the heart. MR belongs to the family of steroid nuclear receptors, which function as transcription factors modulating gene expression. Several studies have addressed the effect of MR activation by aldosterone on the transcriptome of mouse heart or cultured cardiac myocytes. However, it is unclear whether aldosterone is the physiological activator of the mouse MR. Therefore, in this study we examined the physical interaction of the MR and the related glucocorticoid receptor (GR) with chromatin in vivo under physiological conditions, regardless of the ligand involved in receptor activation. To that end, we applied the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) technique to samples obtained from mouse heart. Animals did not receive any treatment and had physiological corticosteroid levels. ChIP products were analyzed for the enrichment of promoter sequences from known corticosteroid target genes. Our data show that both GR and MR are bound to different gene promoters in vivo under physiological conditions. The analysis of ChIP products with qPCR shows preferential binding of GR or MR to specific genes, with significant variations between the different targets tested.


Domestic violence is one of the most prevalent forms of violence that police officials encounter on a daily basis. The effects of domestic violence are far-reaching and long-lasting. Globally, the police function as "gatekeepers" in terms of domestic violence victims' access to the criminal justice system. Intervening in domestic violence has become a controversial process, as domestic violence is a very complex issue, which has been compounded by misunderstandings, stereotyping and myths. Since 1998, police officials in the South African Police Service (SAPS) are expected to promote redress and prevent crimes against women and children through multifaceted approaches, including the building of trust between police officials and citizens. Research reports indicate that victims of domestic violence are hesitant to approach SAPS for assistance, for various reasons. Police officers' personal experiences of policing domestic violence are however largely unexplored. Consequently, the goal of this research was to gain insight into the experiences and perceptions of frontline police officials, who have to provide maximum protection to victims of domestic abuse in terms of the Domestic Violence Act 116 of 1998. To achieve the goal and objectives of the study, a combination approach was followed, in which the qualitative research approach dominated and the quantitative approach was applied to a lesser degree. An exploratory study guided by a literature review and a phenomenological approach was conducted at seven (7) police stations in the Western Cape Province. Twenty-eight (28) frontline police officials' subjective experiences and perceptions of their policing of domestic violence were determined through in-depth interviews based on a questionnaire. Data were analysed by means of thematic analysis, and presented as narratives focusing on four major themes relating to the phenomenon under investigation. The conclusions drawn from the study indicated that the pervasive police culture, lack of insight by some police officials, and their continuous adherence to an Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


Background & Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma and its complications with the multiplicity is crucial worldwide health problem especially  in the presence of heterogeneous liver. We aimed to assess the value of fatty acid binding protein-1in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in comparison to alpha-fetoprotein. Methodology: One hundred subjects were enrolled in this observational case-control study who attended the Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department in Benha University Hospitals between January 2018 and January 2019 and divided into 80 patients (40 HCC &40 LC and 20 healthy subjects). Serum level of fatty acid binding protein-1 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Hepatocellular carcinoma patients were slightly older than healthy subjects as mean age in group І was (56.1±9 yrs) while in group III was (52.9±17.1 yrs). There was a marked increase in hepatocellular carcinoma in males with male to female ratio 4:1. There was a high prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the rural population. Fatty acid binding protein-1 was higher in hepatocellular carcinoma compared to liver cirrhosis and the control group, ranged from (107-1224 ng/L, 48-981 ng/L and 34-460 ng/L) respectively. Analysis of ROC curve revealed that at a level 214 ng/L sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 60%, 77.5%, 72.7%, 66% respectively with AUC 0.715 Conclusion: The use of fatty acid binding protein-1especially in multicentric hepatocellular carcinoma will be valuable because  the difficulty in most cases to prove  the multiplicity of hepatocellular carcinoma.


Stall and Mills1 speculated on how future historians will view our efforts to combat the global catastrophe of HIV/AIDS. In 1989, Victoria Harden interviewed Anthony Fauci, asking him to speculate on how biomedical researchers would have responded to HIV/ AIDS in 1955. Fauci said,

I think it would have been much more frightening than it is now, and it is frightening now. . . . I think we would not have a clue as to how to combat this disease from a basic scientific standpoint. . . . So within the framework of the catastrophe of AIDS, we're lucky, in the sense that it came at a time when retrovirology, molecular biology, molecular immunology, and immune system studies were at the stage where we could very quickly identify the agent, how it works, the pathogenic mechanisms, its effect on the immune system, etc. If it had happened in 1955, we would have been in very serious trouble.2(p37)

Unfortunately, we are in very serious trouble, owing to something that Fauci may not have considered: our refusal to use science-based knowledge that has been shown to prevent new HIV infections. As a society, we have too frequently substituted political and moral judgments about prevention for science. In 2006, we continue to place intravenous drug users at risk by failing to ensure access to clean syringes through pharmacy sales or needle exchanges. Our government's insistence on abstinence-only education places our youths at risk. Public health professionals must become more skilled at combating the substitution of politics for true science.

As an educator in a school of public health, I call upon my colleagues to ensure that we are training a new generation of public health professionals with all the necessary competencies and passion to address the issues catalogued by Stall and Mills. Are we preparing our students to recognize that science does not occur in a vacuum? Will they be ready to answer political challenges to scientific evidence? Are they competent in the use of meta-analyses to examine the evidence from multiple studies, and are they able to make the case when the evidence points us toward effective interventions? Are we training our students to fully understand political forces, the policymaking process, and strategies for advocacy to advance sound public health policies? Are we grounding our students in the values and ethics of public health, which demand that we use our expertise to advance effective, science-based prevention programs and policies? Finally, are we as faculty and administrators modeling for our students the use of scientific evidence to advocate healthy public policies?

Stall and Mills's editorial should prompt schools and programs of public health to assess to what extent they will be part of the solution to the challenges of HIV/AIDS. With true commitment to using science to foster the most effective prevention and treatment, we can change the course of the history of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.


A clinical study to evaluate unilateral application of 10 holes dynamic compression plates (DCPs) for the treatment of bilateral fracture of the mandible insingle-humped camels. Six cases of typical mandibular fractures in the dromedary camel were treated by unilateral application of 3.5 mm 10holes DCP. Restrained of camels was performed with deep sedation using xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride. The main cause of mandibular fractures in the recorded cases was the biting. The result was quite encouraging and all the animals had an uneventful healing. No loosening of the fixation screws were noted in any case and all the fractures healed at variable time intervals ranging from 2.5 to 3 months period. We concluded that bilateral mandibular fracture in dromedary camels could be successfully repaired by unilateral bone plate with good outcome without additional fixation devices. At the present time, to our knowledge, this investigation could be considered the first report on the use unilateral intraoral DCP in clinical bilateral mandibular fractured cases of camels.


Telecommunications and networking, two prominent technologies of the information age, have enjoyed substantial investments from industry and government, resulting in unparalleled growth in the transmission of voice, video, and data over wired and wireless media. Since their inception several decades ago, these technologies and their business applications have progressed through several stages. Such progression commenced from the development of the primitive electronic funds transfer (EFT) in which funds could be transferred electronically, to the enormous variety of technologies available today. Several decades ago, the delivery of video, voice, and data was accomplished through three independent networks: television, telephone, and data networks, respectively (Panko, 2007). Today, a convergence of the three networks is occurring. For example, networking technology can deliver video, data, voice (through VoIP), graphics and other multimedia contents at considerable speed. Currently, there are many applications associated with telecommunications and networking technologies. They include electronic mail (e-mail), voice over Internet protocol (VoIP), and videoconferencing. Also, the Internet which was built on the world-wide telecommunications and networking infrastructure gave rise to many applications such as electronic commerce (e-commerce), electronic data interchange (EDI), and several other World Wide Web (Web) applications. Electronic commerce, which is the process of buying, selling, or exchanging products, services, and information via computer networks, has evolved and become an ever-booming enterprise. The advent of broadband digital subscriber line (DSL) and broadband cable has enabled the transmission of data signals through telephone and cable-television (cable-TV) networks. Moreover, broadband technology has made high speed Internet access very affordable for small businesses and individuals. It has also facilitated e-commerce by providing businesses and consumers easy access to the global information super highway. The fact that e-commerce transactions involve the transmission of personal and organization's proprietary information over the unsecured Internet, make them easy targets for hackers. Therefore, security of electronic communications is a major problem that must be addressed by organizations that engage in e-commerce. This article presents the trends in telecommunications and networking; security problems confronting such technologies and related e-commerce applications; and the management of security issues associated with these technologies.


The growth of cracks in base steel P91 of 9Cr-1Mo class and in intercritical layer of HAZ is measured under creep coditions. For long term tests, a material degradation was detected consisting in an increase of crack growth rate and in a decrease of crack initiation time. An attempt is made to connect these effects with drop in ductility during thermomechanicalexposition.


The elections were significant for a number of reasons. They marked the first time in the 43-year history of Ghana that there had been a successful alternation of power and provided a boost for Africa's 'third wave' of democratisation. They also represented the beginning of the post-Rawlings era in Ghanaian politics. After 19 years in power, half of it as a military dictator, Flt. Lt. Jerry John Rawlings (Rtd.) was ineligible for a third term under the Constitution. But the elections were as much a verdict on his performance and popularity as they were a vote on his hand-picked successor and vice president, John E. Atta Mills.


One key problem of fringe projection techniques for 3D shape measurements is the limited phase unambiguity range when only one grating period is used. Dual-frequency patterns in which involves two grating periods can easily extend the unambiguity range. A method to fabricate accurate dual-frequency patterns is presented. The advantage of using digital dual-frequency patterns for projected fringe profilometry are (1) high geometrical accuracy (< 0.5μm); (2) high contrast ratio; (3) very low high order harmonic distortions; and (4) extended unambiguity range.


T HOREAU'S RHETORIC determines the ultimate design of his house on the pond. Its ambient sinuosities transform a place of existence into a state of transcendent consciousness. As the process materializes into the structure of Walden, literality, quiddity, quip, pun, image, allusion, anecdote, and poetic quotation evolve in coordinate lines of exposition and in coextensive rituals of self-realization. Quite deliberately, in "Where I Lived, And What I Lived For" Thoreau undertakes to schematize these verbal manipulations-to provide a formula for interpreting the interaction of so many apparently discordant thrusts of detail.


The main focus of this paper is the assessment of landfill leachate/gas emissions and longterm prediction of these emissions. Due to variation in environmental conditions, like rainfall events, leachate concentrations are very dynamic on a short-time scale. The measured concentrations in the leachate oscillate between maximum and minimum concentrations. Our assumption is that the maximum concentrations occur under slow flow conditions when the leachate is in equilibrium with the relatively immobile water fraction present in the bulk of the waste. The minimum concentrations are the result of strong dilution during heavy rainfall events, where the bulk of the waste is by-passed due to preferential flow.. For accurate dataanalysis and further modeling it is important to obtain a good estimation of these two types of concentrations. With these two bounding concentration values the effectiveness of natural and induced landfill stabilization (by recirculation or aeration) can be monitored and assessed. In addition we aim to develop a method to predict long-term emissions in which these bounding concentration values play an important role.


This chapter contains sections titled: The high-rate WPAN theme Still image applications Telephone quality audio applications High quality audio applications Gaming applications Video and multimedia applications


We introduce the contractor game , related to the ultimatum game (UG). The proposer makes an offer , and simultaneously sends a cheap talk message , indicating (possibly falsely) the amount of the offer. The responder observes the message with certainty and the offer with probability p before accepting or rejecting the offer. We theoretically examine versions with p = 0 and p = 0.5 along with the UG, played by some standard economic agents and others who are averse to inequity, lies and lying. The equilibria yield intuitive predictions, which are supported by our experimental results. Offers are higher when they might be seen by the responder. Messages over–state offers, but less so when the offer might be seen. Responders are more likely to accept an unseen offer if it might have been seen. When offers are seen, responders reward truthful messages, rather than punishing lies, compared to when no message is sent.


Abstract : A tactical fiber optic cable utilizing an 85 micron core/125 micron cladding/0.26 numerical aperture fiber was designed, manufactured, and tested. The 85/125/0.26 fiber was selected because of its high bandwidth capability and low cost for the power benefits gained. This cable design used a composite buffer for superior environmental performance, and an epoxy fiberglass reinforced double polyurethane jacket to obtain the mechanical performance required. Rigorous environmental and mechanical testing (in accordance with the applicable DOD or EIA standards) was conducted. Testing included attenuation performance over temperature, tensile strength, cyclic flex, twist bend, radial compression, impact, cold bend, freezing water immersion, and flammability. This cable design exhibited outstanding performance in both environmental and mechanical testing, with less than a 0.3 dB increase over the entire temperature range and no measurable increase in attenuation from mechanical testing. Storage temperatures of -70 C to +85 C and operating temperatures of -55 C to +85 C were achieved. (Author)


We report on a method of electron densities determination in high‐pressure mercury discharges by using the width of the 690.7 nm mercury line which is very sensitive to charged particles. We reproduce the line profile emitted from a high‐pressure mercury discharge by a model based upon the impact approximation and propose a formula giving electron densities as a function of the 690.7 nm line width; we also show a small dependence of the line width on the neutral densities.


Background: Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) are a well-accepted treatment modality for malignant tracheobronchial obstruction or malignant tracheoesophageal fistulae (TEFs). The traditional approach to SEMS insertion in central airway obstruction (CAO) has been rigid bronchoscopy performed under general anesthesia. Fluoroscopic guidance is sometimes utilized. Safe and accurate placement of tracheobronchial SEMS has also been described using flexible bronchoscopy. We herein describe our experience with tracheal SEMS insertion using flexible bronchoscopy without fluoroscopic guidance. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the bronchoscopy records was undertaken for the duration June 2012 to June 2014. Patients with malignant CAO or malignant TEF who underwent tracheal SEMS insertion using flexible bronchoscopy were included. Procedures were performed under mild sedation. Fluoroscopic guidance was not utilized. Results: Eleven patients were identified. The mean age was 60.9 (12.8) years. There were 6 males and 5 female patients. Most common indication for tracheal SEMS was CAO (9/11) followed by TEF (2/11). Stent deployment could be accomplished successfully and at the desired location in all the patients. All patients reported immediate symptomatic relief. Two patients experienced peri-procedural respiratory failure that recovered within 24 h. There was no procedure related mortality or other major complications. Conclusion: Insertion of tracheal SEMS in patients with malignant CAO/TEF using flexible bronchoscopy under minimal sedation is a safe and efficacious modality that can be performed without fluoroscopic guidance.


An initial study indicated the importance of mercaptan on the aroma of Colombar and Chenin blanc wines. A synthesized mercaptan viz. 4-methyl-4-mercapto-pentan-2-one when added to neutral wine effected a Colombar or Chenin blanc wine aroma. The importance of sulphur components on wine aroma is emphasized.


Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known as a risk factor of stress urinary incontinence after Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP). We aimed to compare the postoperative continence status of patients with and without DM, after HoLEP surgery. Material and methods A total of 214 patients who underwent HoLEP between January 2017 and January 2020 were retrospectively assessed. Functional outcomes, perioperative total operation time (TOT)(min), enucleation time (ET)(min), enucleation efficiency (EE)(g/min), enucleated tissue weight (ETW)(g), morcellation efficiency (ME)(g/min), morcellation time (MT)(min), continence status, intraoperative and postoperative complications according to Clavien–Dindo classification were recorded. Results A total of 96 patients had DM additional to benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) (Group 1), while 118 patients had only benign prostate hyperplasia without DM (Group 2). When comparing preoperative and postoperative functional outcomes, a statistically significant improvement was observed in both groups from baseline to the 1st and 6th month follow-up (p ≤0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in postoperative stress urinary incontinence at postoperative months 1 and 6 (1.7% vs 2.1%, p = 1 and 0.8% vs 1%, p = 1; respectively). There was no significant difference between groups in intraoperative and postoperative complications (p >0.05). Conclusions HoLEP is safe to perform in patients with DM at low complication and urinary incontinence rates.


(57) Abstract: an offset voltage calibration circuit for use in a digital switching amplifier. Calibration circuit, an analog for converting the digital offset data of at least one DC offset voltage associated with the digital switching amplifier - comprises a digital converter. Memory stores digital offset data. Control circuitry, analog - to control the digital converter. Coupled to the memory digital - analog converter receives the digital offset data, by generating an offset compensation voltage for providing to the input port of the digital switching amplifier, to cancel at least a portion of at least one DC offset voltage .


Two shrub species, Atriplex halimus L. and Salsola vermiculata L., are considered useful for rehabilitation of degraded rangelands in west Asia and north Africa. They can be established from direct seeding and are capable of self-sowing. In this study, seed storage at different temperatures and the influence of fruiting bracts on seed germination were examined for the two species during two seasons. Fruits (utricles) were stored at 20–22°C (room temperature), 0°C or −22°C. Germination tests were carried out after 33, 56, 90, 152, 272 and 397 d in storage in the first season and after 44, 76, 104, 170, 288 and 412 d in the second season. Seeds were germinated in their fruiting bracts or after bract removal. Bract removal significantly improved seed germination of both shrubs regardless of storage temperature. For S. vermiculata the increase in germination was in the range of 1.3- to 14.7-fold compared with values for the intact fruit in Season 1 and 0.5 to 3.8 in Season 2. Similarly the ranges for A. halimus were 0.5- to 4.2-fold and 0.7- to 5.3-fold in the two seasons respectively. The effect of cold storage was greater on Salsola than on Atriplex. The reduction of the storage temperature from 21°C to 0°C and −22°C increased the longevity of S. vermiculata seeds by 2.8–46.6 times in Season 1 and by 2.9–2.6 times in Season 2. There was little or no effect on the longevity of A. halimus. A leachate prepared by soaking fruiting bracts from S. vermiculata significantly depressed germination (p < 0.01), the effect being greater on Salsola seeds (20% reduction) than on Atriplex seeds (8% reduction). A leachate from A. halimus produced a slight but non-significant reduction in germination.


During this reporting period the process of laser induced breakdown in cryogenic liquid media appropriate to the tripling process has been investigated. The purpose of this study has been both to provide necessary parameters for determining optimum experimental geometries for scaling to third harmonic conversion efficiencies higher than the 2 percent level presently achieved and to gain more insight into the breakdown process itself. The latter should be of help in developing techniques for raising the breakdown threshold. We have also completed the design of a Dewar with a 1 m liquid path length and have almost finished the construction of a short pulse CO/sub 2/ laser facility; both of these experimental changes should lead to higher third harmonic conversion efficiencies.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Quality of Service (X1) and Complaint Handling (X2) to Customer Loyalty (Y) with Satisfaction (Z) as an intervening variable. This study uses quantitative methods because it aims to confirm the data  obtained in the field with existing theories. Samples were obtained as many as 100 respondents of BPRS Suriyah Salatiga with accidental sampling technique. The data used in this study are primary data with a questionnaire. Data analysis used statistical tests through t test test, f test, coefficient of determination (R 2 ), instrument test, classical assumption test and Path Analysis test with the help of SPSS version 20. The result of this study indicate that service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, complaint handling has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, complaint handling has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, satisfaction mediates service quality to customer loyalty, and satisfaction mediates complaint handling to customer loyalty.


The result of GPR investigation in west Jilin shows that the radar waveform of saline-alkali soil is different from that of tillable soil,and this can be used to distinguish tillable soil from salinealkali soil.The extent of salinization can be determined according to the relativity of spectra.The saline-alkali accumulated part can be distinguished from the transitional part of saline-alkali soil according to instantaneous amplitude of GPR record.So the GPR integrated with geochemical means can interpret the salinization degree in depth rapidly,and can also be used in large-area surface survey.


The loss of corticosteroid efficacy is an important issue in severe asthma management and may lead to poor asthma control and deterioration of airflow. Recent data indicate that Mucin 1 (MUC1) membrane mucin can mediate corticosteroid efficacy in chronic rhinosinusitis, but the role of MUC1 in uncontrolled severe asthma is unknown. The objective was to analyze the previously unexplored role of MUC1 on corticosteroid efficacy in asthma.


Abstract : This report summarizes work conducted by the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute of the University of Hawaii under the Hawaii Energy and Environmental Technologies (HEET) Initiative funded through the Office of Naval Research. This initiative focused on critical technology needs associated with the exploration and utilization of seabed methane hydrates and the development and testing of advanced fuel cells and fuel cell systems. The efforts in methane hydrates encompassed six primary components: hydrate thermochemistry and kinetics, hydrate microbiology, subsea power generation, modeling, field studies, and international collaboration. In the fuel cell area, the major accomplishment was the development of the Hawaii Fuel Cell Test Facility to characterize advanced fuel cells and fuel cells systems for Navy applications, specifically for unmanned undersea vehicles.