Vascular endothelial cells actasantigen-presenti ng cells inthelung allograft andstimulate alloreactive hostlymphocytes. Activated lymphocytes andcytokines can induce expression ofleukocyteendothelial adhesion molecules that facilitate invasion oftheallograft bycirculating leukocytes. To define therole ofendothelial HLAclass IIantigen andadhesion molecule expression inlung allograft rejection, we prospectively analyzed endothelial expression ofHLA class II, E-selectin, andinter¬ cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) antigens in52transbronchial biopsy specimens from24lung allograft recipients ascompared tonormal control subjects. Thirty-one of52specimens showed histologic rejection and8of24patients developed histologic obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) bythe endofthestudy period. Increased expression ofHLAclass IIantigen was seen in32of52(62%) lung allograft specimens, butincreased expression didnotcorrelate with acuterejection or OB.In contrast, E-selectin expression was seenin30of52(58%) biopsy specimens andwas associated with acuterejection (p<0.005) andwith thedevelopment ofOB(p<0.05). Increased expression ofICAM-1 was seen inonly 18of52(35%) biopsy specimens anddidnotcorrelate with acuterejection or OB. Thesedatasuggest that E-selectin expression maybea tissue marker ofacuteandchronic lung re¬ jection possibly bypromoting leukocyte adhesion totheallograft endothelium. Thehigh levels of endothelial HLAclass IIexpression mayreflect long-term antigenic stimulation oftheallograft even intheabsence ofrejection. (CHEST 1996; 110:1143-49)


Various errors in Section III are corrected for the above-named article [ibid., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 457-462, Jan. 2013].


John C. Calhoun's Disquisition on Government is that rarity in American political thought-a work that explicitly declares itself a theoretical study of politics. By purporting to give a comprehensive and systematic account, by claiming to have explored new territory beyond the range of American discoveries, Calhoun in effect put his Disquisition in a class of which it is almost the sole example: an American political theory. But this claim to esteem and originality has been disputed; and in the subsequent debates among his interpreters, we have yet to find a satisfactory solution to the problem that Calhoun represented in such clear shape. Those who have rated him as a statesman and thinker—be that assessment high or low—and those who have accepted or denied his claim to originality have all failed to solve the peculiar problem of how to study and interpret the writing of a man of theory-and-practice. Until that problem is met, our understanding of the Disquisition is not clear and we remain without a way of evaluating Calhoun's merits and originality. How, then, ought Calhoun's Disquisition, or his high theoretical pretensions in general, best to be understood? Reducing his theory to practice, or saying in effect that the Disquisition was only another string to his pro-slavery bow, forecloses the question of what Calhoun can teach us. Reducing his practice to theory places what is almost a superhuman burden upon a man who was at or near the center of the national political stage for forty tumultuous years. A more moderate procedure would seem to be indicated.


An investigation of alternative EOR processes having potential application in the giant Ekofisk chalk field is presented. Technical feasibility, process readiness, oil recovery potential, and related uncertainties and risks of five selected EOR processes, namely hydrocarbon (HC) WAG, nitrogen (N2) WAG, carbon dioxide (CO2) WAG, air injection and microbial EOR (MEOR), are assessed for possible application at Ekofisk. The objective of the screening study was to evaluate and rank the EOR alternatives and to select the most attractive process(es) on which to pursue further work toward possible field pilot testing. The focus of the paper is on the technical assessment of the relative oil recovery potential of each process, and on the importance of identifying critical operational and logistical considerations for implementation of an EOR processes in the offshore North Sea operating environment. Estimates of potential EOR incremental oil recovery for the Ekofisk field can be quite significant. However, key project development and implementation issues and additional cost elements must be weighed equally with oil recovery forecasts in any EOR process ranking. Some of these issues (e.g. injection gas supply, facilities requirements, and the impact of EOR on chalk compaction, subsidence and wellbore integrity) may be significant enough to eliminate a process from further consideration. In addition, there are significant differences in the quantity and quality of key laboratory and field data supporting the viability of the various EOR processes being considered. Only a limited amount of field-specific data are available to calibrate the performance predictions for some of the processes. There is also a wide variation in the technical readiness of each process to begin field pilot design studies. Table 1 summarizes the state of technical readiness for field implementation of each process and identifies some of the major risk elements and remaining work required to progress these EOR processes at Ekofisk. BACKGROUND The Ekofisk Field is located in the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea, Figure 1. The reservoir is an elongated anticline with the major axis running North-South covering roughly 12,000 acres, Figure 2. It produces from two fractured chalk horizons, the Ekofisk and Tor Formations, separated by a tight zone. The overlying Ekofisk Formation has a depth of about 9,600 feet and thickness varies from 350 - 500 feet with porosities from less than 30% to 48%. The underlying Tor Formation thickness varies from 250 - 500 feet with porosities from less than 30% to 40%. About two thirds of the 6.4 billion STB OOIP is in the Ekofisk Formation. The initial reservoir pressure was 7135 psia at a depth of 10,400 feet. The field initially contained an undersaturated volatile oil with a bubble point pressure of 5560 psia at the temperature of 268°F. Ekofisk 1


Background: Diabetes mellitus has become a major public health problem throughout the world. The aim was to study the awareness of ocular complications due to diabetes mellitus among students. Methods: A questionnaire based study was conducted among 430 students (non-medical). The questions tested their awareness about diabetes mellitus and also about the potential ocular complications of the disease. Results: Out of 430 students 73.02% (314/430) have heard about diabetes mellitus but they did not know that it can affect the eye and can lead to blindness. They were unaware that regular eye check-up is important in diabetes mellitus. 18.83% (81/430) were aware about the disease and its potential to cause vision threatening complications. 8.13% (35/430) were not aware about diabetes mellitus. Overall only 18.83% had some basic knowledge about diabetes and its complications. Conclusions: The level of awareness about ocular complications due to diabetes mellitus is low among students. Therefore steps should be taken to increase the awareness about diabetes and inculcate some basic knowledge about its potential complications especially vision threatening diabetic retinopathy. It should be strongly emphasized that periodic eye check-up is important to prevent needless blindness and visual dysfunction. Keywords: Glaucoma, Non-medical students, Awareness


In this paper, we propose an improved whale search optimization technique for ovarian tumor segmentation in ultrasound images. First, we collect the feature from input images and extract to improve the quality of training data set which extracted from each of the images as the low-level texture features. Second, we introduce an improved whale search optimization technique for segmentation and cascaded as one fusion feature that can represent both the semantic context and the texture patterns distributed in the image. The proposed design is implemented in MATLAB tool and the performance is compare with the existing state-of-art techniques. The performance comparison shows the effectiveness of proposed design over existing segmentation designs.


3-D eddy current analyses are performed with parallelized ICCG solvers. In order to parallelize the ICCG solver, the present analysis uses the Block ICCG method (BICCG) and the Parallelized ICCG method with renumbering process (PICCG-RP) that is proposed by the authors. In the latter method, the global matrix is reordered to the matrix form appropriate to parallel processing. The parallel efficiencies of the solvers are evaluated. It is shown that the PICCG-RP can solve the eddy current problem more efficiently than the BICCG. We also propose the special renumbering process in the PICCG-RP for dual-processor machines.


The VKORC1 gene codes for the VKORC1 enzyme that is responsible for the reduction of vitamin K epoxide into vitamin K. VKORC1 enzyme is the target of vitamin K antagonists (VKA). The use of VKA in human medicine is difficult because of inter-individual variability in VKA requirements. This variability is partly due to basic physiological parameters but also to genetic polymorphisms in CYP2C9 involved in VKA metabolism. Tecarfarin, a new VKA, was developed to avoid the CYP2C9-dependent metabolism. This molecule is metabolized by carboxylesterases. Nevertheless, genetic variations in the VKORC1 gene are also associated with inter-individual variability in VKA requirements. This study was performed to estimate the benefit of using tecarfarin versus traditional VKA in human patient carrier for hVKORC1 mutation. Wild type hVKORC1 and its spontaneous mutants were expressed in Pichia pastoris and susceptibility to tecarfarin was assessed by the in vitro determination of inhibition constants. Among the 14 mutated VKORC1 proteins analyzed in this study, 6 mutations (i.e., A26P, A41S, V54L, H68Y, I123N, and Y139H) led to resistant to traditional VKAs, while only 4 mutations (i.e., A26P, V54L, I123N, and Y139H) led to resistant to tecarfarin. Compared to other VKAs, a clear benefit of tecarfarin is observed for the mutants A26P, A41S, H68Y, and I123N and an absence of benefit for the mutant Y139H. Finally, tecarfarin is particularly inefficient on V54L-VKORC1.


Learners' beliefs on language learning and perceived self-efficacy are important to the success of their second/foreign language (SL/FL) learning. To reveal the general profiles of and relationship between Chinese students' beliefs about English learning and self-efficacy, the present study examined beliefs about English learning and self-efficacy held by Chinese university EFL (English as a FL) learners at differing English proficiency levels. A total of 1,698 students from a top university in Beijing answered a battery of questionnaires. The results revealed a general overview of the students' beliefs about the nature of language learning and the roles of teachers, feedback and learning strategies, and self-efficacy. Another major finding was that participants at different English proficiency levels differed significantly from one another in beliefs about language learning and self-efficacy.


In the title compound, [Ni(H2O)6](C(C13H10NO4S)2, the nickel(II) atom, lying on a center of symmetry, is six-coordinated by six aqua O-atom donors. The dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 33.1 (3)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by aqua–anion O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Intramolecular O—H⋯N and C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions occur in the anion.


Teleradiology and remote video conferences can provide radiology residents the opportunity to participate in global radiology outreach. We reflect on how social distancing measures and remote education resources developed to address COVID-19 were applied to developing an international radiology elective.


Data-driven control of nonlinear systems with rigorous guarantees is a challenging problem as it usually calls for nonconvex optimization and requires often knowledge of the true basis functions of the system dynamics. To tackle these drawbacks, this work is based on a data-driven polynomial representation of general nonlinear systems exploiting Taylor polynomials. Thereby, we design state-feedback laws that render a known equilibrium point globally asymptotically stable while operating with respect to a desired quadratic performance criterion. The calculation of the polynomial state feedback boils down to a single sum-ofsquares optimization problem, and hence to computationally tractable linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, we examine state-input data in presence of Gaussian noise by Bayesian inference to overcome the conservatism of deterministic noise characterizations from recent data-driven control approaches for Gaussian noise.


The present invention, using a chamfering grinding wheel as chamfering apparatus of a silicon wafer taken if the outer peripheral portion of the silicon wafer, at least, chamfering grinding wheel takes face the outer periphery of the silicon wafers held in the holding sphere, holding tool for rotating it with keeping the silicon wafer and, by the relative position of the outer peripheral portion and the chamfering grindstone of the silicon wafer is controlled by a numerical control and a control device for controlling the chamfered shape, the control device based on the location of the circumferential direction of the silicon wafer held by the holding tool , chamfering apparatus of a silicon wafer to change the control of the relative position of the outer peripheral part and the chamfering grindstone of the silicon wafer at the time of chamfering and production method and a silicon wafer for Enriched. To this arrangement, the Enriched silicon wafer is provided with a variation in the cross-section dimensions of the mounting surface after the etching process to the chamfering apparatus and the manufacturing method and the silicon wafer can be suppressed. A silicon wafer, chamfering, etching


We examine how the empirical implications of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) are affected by the length of the period over which returns are measured. We show that the continuous-time CAPM becomes a multifactor model when the asset pricing relation is aggregated temporally. We use Hansen's Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) approach to test the continuous-time CAPM at an unconditional level using size portfolio returns. The results indicate that the, continuous-time CAPM cannot be rejected. In contrast, the discrete-time CAPM is easily rejected by the tests. These results have a number of important implications for the interpretation of tests of the CAPM which have appeared in the literature. FEW RESULTS IN FINANCE are as familiar or as widely used as the linear relation between expected returns and market betas implied by the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). However, because both the discreteand continuous-time versions of the CAPM lead to this linear relation,1 the literature often fails to distinguish between their respective empirical implications. For example, discreteand continuous-time models are frequently used interchangeably to motivate empirical tests that use discretely observed return data.2 This paper examines how the empirical implications of the CAPM are affected by the length of the period over which returns are measured.3 We show that, if this period differs from the implicit time frame of the model, then the familiar linear CAPM relation need not hold for the observed returns. For example, the CAPM can imply a multifactor expression for expected returns when the asset pricing relation is properly aggregated. This aspect has many important implications for applied work as well as the interpretation of empirical tests of the CAPM that have appeared in the literature. We illustrate the importance of the temporal aggregation issue by deriving the * Academic Faculty of Finance, The Ohio State University. I am grateful for the comments and suggestions received from Warren Bailey, Stephen Buser, K. C. Chan, George Constantinides, Wayne Ferson, Campbell Harvey, Shmuel Kandel, Hersh Shefrin, Robert Stambaugh, Ren6 Stulz, Finance workshop participants at The Ohio State University, and participants at the 1988 Western Finance Association Meetings. I am particularly grateful for the referee's insights and suggestions. All errors are my responsibility. 'The CAPM has been derived in a discrete-time setting by Sharpe (1964), Lintner (1965), Black (1972), Constantinides (1980), and many others. Merton (1971, 1973) and Cox, Ingersoll, and Ross (1985b) (implicitly) have derived the continuous-time CAPM relation. 2For example, see Chan, Chen, and Hsieh (1985), Chen, Roll, and Ross (1986), Gibbons and Ferson (1985), Ferson, Kandel, and Stambaugh (1987), and Ferson (1988). 3Grossman, Melino, and Shiller (1987) discuss the effects of aggregation over time on the continuous-time CAPM. See also Christiano (1984) and Bergstrom (1984).


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 The purpose of this article is to analyze the problem of resistance in the contemporary biopolitical debate. Some critical observations of a more general nature are to be made, in order to contribute to a theoretical reflection on the problem of resistance in the contemporary biopolitical order: a) on the relationship between tradition and biopolitics, b) on the uses of biopolitical thought in the Latin America context, and c) on how the problem of resistance is thought about in the italian biopolitical debate. Finally, the text proposes an alternative to the usual ways of thinking the resistance to biopowers, the idea of 'biopolitical democracy'.


Time difference between financial statement and auditing opinion date indicates the amount of time needed in auditing settlement period. This research purposed to know the influence of complexity of the company, profit or loss company and firm age against audit report lag. This study uses secondary data from the financial sector in Malaysia and Indonesia period 2013-2014. The sampling method using purposive sampling is the selection of the sample with certain criteria, so that the sample obtained in this study were, with respectively 14 and 72 companies. The method used is a multiple analysis method with the results of the complexity of the company operations and profit / loss of the company have no influence the audit report lag while the firm age in malaysia have influence on audit report lag and firm age in Indonesia have no influence the audit report lag. This result is recommended for internal auditor to increase efficiency and effectiveness as well as controlling the main factors that caused the audit report lag. Keyword : audit report lag, complexity of the company, profit/loss company, firm age.


We compare two linear dimension-reduction methods for statistical discrimination in terms of average probabilities of misclassification in reduced dimensions. Using Monte Carlo simulation we compare the dimension-reduction methods over several different parameter configurations of multivariate normal populations and find that the two methods yield very different results. We also apply the two dimension-reduction methods examined here to data from a study on football helmet design and neck injuries.


The first part of the master thesis deals with products of hydrolysis formed in strongly basic medium from Ezetimibe and structurally related beta-lactams. These ?-lactams can not undergo intramolecular rearrangement but the corresponding beta-amino acids are formed. The only product of Ezetimibe decomposition was (2R,3R,6S)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-pyrane-3-carboxylic acid which was confirmed with the help of 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-MS and LC-MS spectrometry. The solvent kinetic isotope effect was measured in deuteriumoxide which showed different mechanisms of hydrolysis of all studied ?-lactams. While with Ezetimibe the rate limiting decomposition of negatively charged intermediate catalyzed by OH (OD) group or lactonization of ?-lactam ring occurs both 1 (4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-methylazetidin-2-one and 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylazetidin-2-one are directly attacked by the hydroxide anion. In the next part of the thesis the products of aminolysis were prepared and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-MS spectrometry. The kinetic study in aqueous solutions of primary amines shows that the rate limiting step of aminolysis involves addition of a single amine molecule to ? lactam carbonyl group. The reaction takes place through the early transition state with respect to amide bond forming and ?-lactam bond breaking process.


In recognition of the increasing trend toward the strain-based design of pipelines and the need for basic guidance on strain-based design, the Minerals Management Service (MMS) and the Office of Pipeline Safety (OPS) co-funded EWI to provide general guidance on strain-based design for pipelines both for the on-shore and off-shore environment. The resulting guidance can be found in this report.

Special consideration has been given to the choice and qualification of pipe material, the choice

and qualification of girth welding procedures and the demonstration that both pipe and weld areas have sufficient strain capacity to meet the requirements of the design.

The current use of strain-based design has many project-specific components. This limits the ability of a "cookbook" approach where each step can be laid out as part of a common design sequence to apply to all areas of pipe strain-based design. This situation would indicate that taking the current state-of-the-art methods and creating a code or standard would be ineffective at covering the range of needs for future pipeline designs. Yet, because there are many choices that are part of a particular pipeline strain-based design, the availability of guidance and recommended practices can help simplify the design and qualification process for many pipelines. Going forward with this approach, the guidance provided in this report could profitably be taken forward by the industry into, for instance, an API-recommended practice.

The primary areas where the strain-based design will be used are in the design of reeled laying of offshore pipelines, in thermal design of arctic pipelines, in the design of types of offshore pipelay systems, in design and assessment of pipelines in areas with significant expected ground movement, and in high-temperature and high-pressure HT/HP pipeline designs.


A wide variety of studies over the last twenty years have demonstrated that our sensory systems are remarkably efficient at coding the sensory environment. Much of this work has focused on the visual system and it has demonstrated that many properties of the early visual system are extremely well matched to the statistical structure of the visual world. However, there remain many questions regarding how far this approach can be taken in understanding the full visual system, especially higher levels of visual processing. Basic theories of efficiency (e.g., decorrelation, sparseness, independence, etc.) are likely to be insufficient to account for the more complex nonlinear representations found in higher levels. In this chapter, we take a closer look at how efficiency might be defined. In particular, we consider three forms of efficiency: representational efficiency, metabolic efficiency, and learning efficiency. Although the majority of studies have focused on representational and metabolic efficiency, we argue that a complete account of visual processing must consider all three forms of efficiency.


Introduction: Non-invasive Liver fi brosis evaluation in suspected NAFLD has been studied in obese adults, but few studies have addressed the utility of Transient and Shear-wave Elastography assessing early- stage fi brosis in pediatric population. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare Liver Elastography fi ndings between obese and non-obese children. Methods: PubMed,MEDLINE(OVID),CochraneLibrary,Embase,ScopusandWebofScienceweresearchedfrominceptiontoJanuary2022toidentifymanuscriptsthatevaluatedLiversteatosis/Liver fi brosis on Elastography (Transient or Shear-wave) in obese children compared to non-obese children. Case series, case reports, editorials, and reviews were excluded. Two independent reviewers extracted data. Disagreements were resolved by a third author. Meta-analyses were performed using a random-e ff ect model with the inverse variance method. We used the Paule-Mandel estimator and Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman method for t 2 and 95% con fi dence intervals calculation. For continuous outcomes we used the Mean Di ff erence (MD). Heterogeneity was assessed by the inconsistency index (I 2 ). Results: Among 3182 articles identi fi ed, 17 studies were identi fi ed Introduction: In chronic hepatitis C patients, the prevalence of steatosis ranges from 40% to 86%. Our aim was to study the risk factors of moderate/severe hepatic steatosis diagnosed by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) in these patients. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included a cohort of 158 adult patients with suspected nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) evaluated in the clinic. Patients with signi fi cant alcohol consumption, oral contraceptive use, hepatitis B, autoimmune hepatitis, and primary biliary cirrhosis were excluded. Steatosis was categorized as S0-S1 (mild) and S2-S3 (moderate/severe) based on the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) grade. Continuous variables were assessed using an unpaired t-test and categorical variables using chi-Square with p , 0.05 were considered statistically signi fi cant. A multinominallogisticregressionanalysiswasdone tostudy therelationshipbetweentheCAPgrade (dependentvariable)andsigni fi cantcovariates(independentvariables)whilecontrollingforthee ff ectofeach other. The model fi tting criteria used was -2 log-likelihood (LL) which was tested for goodness-of- fi t and pseudo R 2 showed a Negelkerke value of 0.520. Results: 136 patients met inclusioncriteria. A moderate/severesteatosisscore wasassociated withvarious riskfactors:obesity (p , 0.05),DM (p , 0.014), metforminuse (p , 0.0017), fi brosis (p , 0.009). A 4x2 chi-square Table showed 40% of patients with hepatitis C, 68% with hepatitis C 1 DM, 68% with DM, and 61% non-hepatitis C, non-DM patients (p-0.028) had moderate to severe hepatic steatosis. On regression analysis, the -2 LL of the reduced model in patients with hepatitis C and hepatitis C 1 DM revealed that omitting the e ff ect of obesity resulted in zero degrees of freedom (df 0). Obesity had a signi fi cant association with steatosis (chi-square value 52, df 12). DM had a weak association with steatosis (chi-square value 0.825, df 3). Conclusion: Hepatic steatosis is independently associated with metabolic parameters like obesity and DM. The chi-square analysis initially indicated that hepatitis C is associated with steatosis, but using multivariate analysis, we accounted for potential confounders, i.e., the most signi fi cant risk factor for steatosis in untreated hepatitis C patients is their BMI. Thus, the management of obesity in patients with chronic hepatitis C may be necessary for reducing the risk of steatosis progression and improving their fi brosis score.


Red Sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus (Linn. F.)) is an important tree species belongs to family Fabaceae. It is commonly known as Rakta Chandana and Lal chandan. It is a medium sized deciduous tree with clear trunk. This tree is good source of dye and heart wood is used to treat skin diseases, bone fracture, leprosy, spider poisoning, ulcers, general debility etc. It is mainly propagated sexually through seeds but the problem in seed germination is due to hard seed coat which hinders the seed germination. Hence, the present study was carried out with an aim to find out the best seed treatment for maximum germination in P. Santalinus at College of Horticulture, Mudigere during the year 2017-18. Seeds were treated with different treatment such as growth regulators (GA3, NAA, Cytokinine), acid scarification (KNO3, HCl, H2SO4) and organics (hot water, cow urine, cow dung slurry). Among all the treatments seeds treated with 1:1 ratio of cow dung slurry recorded the early germination (11.50 days), days to final germination (45.30 days), maximum germination percentage (47.50%), Final mean germination (1.05), germination value (4.97) and seedling vigour index I (1542.05), seedling vigour index II (312.10) and germination speed (0.62).


Between June 1988 and December 1990, 1018 cases of superficial mycoses were investigated. Diagnosis was confirmed by microscopic examination in 503 cases and the causal agent was isolated in 490 cases. Tinea capitis accounted for 47.7% (92.5% in children below 10 years of age). The frequency of other clinical types in descending order was pityriasis versicolor 25.8%, tinea corporis 9%, onychomycosis 5.8%, tinea pedis 4%, intertrigo 3.9% and tinea cruris 2.8%. Erythrasma was encountered three times and mixed piedra and trichomycosis axillaris once.


The necessity of taking into account the peculiarities of dynamic force connection, considering the rolling, slipping and sliding of the wheels along the lateral faces of the railheads during the simulation of the movement of rail vehicles is substantiated. The conditions for the sliding of wheels during the movement of the wheel pair along the rails in the curves on the coast, braking and in traction mode in curves are considered. Taking into account these features, we propose more precise algorithms for calculating the reactions between wheels and rails when studying the dynamics of railway vehicles. It is also proposed to use the results of dynamic tests obtained by a strain gauge wheel pair for modeling.


The object of research in this article is the category "human capital" as the foundation for the development of generations and the state in the digital future. This category is directly dependent on the complication of economic systems, changes in the information space and society digitalization. Highlighting of the features of the political and economic nature of "human capital" is possible from the standpoint of its assessment as a key state resource, the impact indicators of which are a combination of classical and newly identified information parameters. In an effort to expand the understanding of the phenomena of institutional changes, of economics and public administration, the multilevel causal model is proposed. The forces of the model act in two directions: macro-causes that explain behaviour at the micro level, and the microlevel laws affecting the entire system at the macrolevel. As a part of the development of interdisciplinary research, the article proposes a new conceptual approach to the formalization and management of the human capital structure. The basis of integration is cenological theory that allows to formalize the system of macro-rules ensuring the stability of complex systems, in particular, of the generations in the information space. The basic research paradigm is proposed and promising results are determined on the example of stratification of human capital parameters.


A project report submitted to the Board of Postgraduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the MSc. Degree in Environmental Science, 2000


Bubbles dispersed in thin liquid layers are ubiquitous and play important roles in the heat and mass transfer in nature and industrial processes including the energy, chemical, and biology engineering; thus, understanding the dynamics of bubbles confined in a liquid layer remains an important topic in multiphase flows. Here, we report the dynamics of bubble formation from a submerged orifice in a thin liquid layer with a thickness comparable to the bubble size. First, four flow regimes, detachment, jetting bursting, non-jetting bursting, and hole-opened bursting, are observed experimentally and their typical features are analyzed. Then, the evolutions of bubble size at different regimes are studied, and a quasi-static force model is proposed to predict the bubble size, which agrees well with the experimental results. We demonstrate the role of the capillary force exerted by the liquid film in the bubble cap and bubble geometry confined in the liquid layer in modulating the bubble size. Finally, a regime map regarding the liquid layer thickness and surface tension is provided and the criteria between different regimes are discussed based on the bubble geometry analysis and energy balance. Our experimental investigation and theoretical analysis provide insights into the formation and bursting dynamics of bubbles confined in a liquid layer.


Where conclusions are drawn from operating experience to instrumentation and control systems, two general statements should be made. First: There have been breakdowns, there have also been deficiencies, but in principle operating experience with the instrumentation and control systems of German nuclear power plants has been good. With respect to the debates about the use of modern digital instrumentation and control systems it is safe to say, secondly, that the instrumentation and control systems currently in use are working reliably. Hence, there is no need at present to replace existing systems for reasons of technical safety. However, that time will come. It is a good thing, therefore, that the use of modern digital instrumentation and control systems is to begin in the field of limiting devices. The operating experience which will thus be accumulated will benefit digital instrumentation and control systems in their qualification process for more demanding applications. This makes proper logging of operating experience an important function, even if it cannot be transferred in every respect. All parties involved therefore should see to it that this operating experience is collected in accordance with criteria agreed upon so as to prevent unwanted surprises later on.


We examine the properties of two galaxy "halos" at z ∼ 0.7 in the TON 153 ( zem = 1.01) quasar field. The first absorber–galaxy pair (G1) is a z = 0.672,LB = 4.3 L∗B, E/S0 galaxy probed at D = 58 kpc. G1 is associated with a remarkable five–component Ly α complex havingτLL ≤ 0.4, Wr(Ly α) = 2.8 Å, and a velocity spread of ∆v = 1420 km s−1. We find no MgII , CIV , NV, nor OVI absorption in these clouds and infer metallicity upper limits of −3≤ logZ/Z⊙ ≤ −1, depending upon assumptions of photoionized or collision ally ionized gas. The second absorber–galaxy pair (G2) is a z = 0.661,LB = 1.8L∗B, Sab galaxy probed at D = 103 kpc. G2 is associated with metal–enriched (log Z/Z⊙ ≃ −0.4) photoionized gas having N(H I) ≃ 18.3 [cm−2] and a velocity spread of ∆v = 200 km s−1. The very different G1 and G2 systems both have gas–galaxy pr operties inconsistent with the standard luminosity dependent galaxy "halo" model comm nly invoked for quasar absorption line surveys. We emphasize that mounting evidence is revealing that exten ded galactic gaseous envelopes in the regime of D ≤ 100 kpc do not exhibit a level of homogeneity supporting a sta ndardized halo model. Selection effects may have played a central role in the development of a simple m odel. We discuss the G1 and G2 systems in the context ofΛCDM models of galaxy formation and suggest that the heteroge neous properties of absorber– galaxy pairs is likely related to the range of overdensities from which galaxies and gas structures arise. Subject headings: galaxies: halos, evolution — quasars: individual (TON 153)


Anticipated rates of return can help landowners and forest managers evaluate hardwood control and many other stand treatments. A simple microcomputer model is discussed which displays rates of return for specific stand treatment conditions. The program can be used before or after taxes and with or without inflation. The model displays rates of return for ranges of silvicultural treatment costs and expected harvest value increases, thus providing information for evaluating treatments where growth responses or future prices are difficult to estimate.


For the analyzed period between 1980 and 1989 a terrestrial biospheric sink ofthe order of 1.7 to 1.8 Gt C per year is required to elose the CO2 budget between atrnospheric CO2 input, observed atmospheric CO2 increase, CO2 ocean uptake and CO2 release from deforestation. The reasons for the additional terrestrial sink are still not completely elarified, however, the fertilization through additional atrnospheric CO2 and deposition of nitrogen compounds are believed to be of importance in addition to factors associated with climate change, age class distribution of forests as weil as land management practices. The IPCC (Inter governmental Panel on Climate Change) has generated aseries of atrnospheric CO2 profiles leading to stabilization levels in the range 350 to 1000 ppmV. These profiles correspond to developments with very strong efforts, intermediate efforts, or nearly absent (at least during the next 30 to 50 years) efforts to stabilize greenhouse gases. In the present study, we examine the CO2 exchange between the land biota and the atmosphere studying in particular the long term development of a potential CO2 related fertilization effect for the profiles stabilizing atrnospheric CO2 at 450 (S450), 650 (S650) and 1000 (SI000) ppmV. Two different biosphere box models, an ultra-simple two-box model (USBM) and the Bem four-box bio sphere model as weil as the high-resolution Frankfurt Biosphere Model (FBM)


Two groups of 40 highly creative Ss and 2 groups (ns = 40) who scored low in creativity on the Revised Art Scale of the Welsh Figure Preference Test were given the test again under standard instructions or a set to be creative. Highly creative Ss remained high but did not improve, low initial scorers increased creativity scores under the set to be creative. Analysis showed level of creativity and instructions as well as their interaction contributed to total variance.


By selecting reasonable attacking angle,the missile path which meets the battle request is planed.The anti-warship missile flies to the target according to the route of the choice.The selection is reasonable or not,not only relate to the success of the path planning,but also influence the capacity of catching target.This paper studies the reverse arithmetic of planning path and the model of catching target of the anti-warship missile.It gives the bases of the selection by experiment.


Catalytic reforming will be of growing importance as a source of aromatics. Capacity constraints will underpin aromatics prices for the next three to five years, while the location of refining capacity will dictate future aromatics investment.


Objective To investigate the expression of metastasis-associated gene 1(MTA1)and MMP-9 gene in breast carcinoma and its relationship with cHncopathological data.Methods SP immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of MTA1 and MMP-9 protein among 56 breast cancer samples.Resttlts The positive rates of MTA1 and MMP-9 proteins were 69.6%(39/56)and 73.2%(41/56),respectively.The high expression of MTA1 and MMP-9 proteins was significantly rehted with degrees of differentiation,clinical phases and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of MTA1 and MMP-9 can he taken as the biological marker of prognosis and postoperative comprehensive treatment of breast carcinoma.

Key words:
Breast cancer;  Metastasis-associated gene 1;  MMP-9


In this article we consider the one-dimensional Schr¨odinger operator L ( Q ) with a Hermitian periodic m × m matrix potential Q . We investigate the bands and gaps of the spectrum and prove that most of the positive real axis is overlapped by m bands. Moreover, we find a condition on the potential Q for which the number of gaps in the spectrum of L ( Q ) is


Preferential interactions of hexokinase with solvent were studied in aqueous solutions of Zn2+, Cd2+ and Hg2+ acetates. In addition, these preferential interactions were correlated with protein solubility in the solvent media and the influence of salts on the tertiary structure of hexokinase using viscometric studies.

The viscometric results show that hexokinase can undergo a conformational change at 2·5mM of Zn2+ and Cd2+ salts, whereas the effect of Hg2+ acetate on hexokinase is evident at ten times smaller concentrations. The interaction parameter is always positive for all the salts studied, indicating that interaction of the salt and protein is thermodynamically unfavourable, although this effect is lower for the Zn2+ salt.

The transfer free energy parameter and solubility data show that for hexokinase zinc acetate is a salting-in agent, mercury acetate is a salting-out agent and cadmium acetate cannot be clearly classified. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry.


Abstract:  Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppressive drug with side effects including the induction of chronic nephrotoxicity including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in tubular cells. Recently, it was reported that autophagy is induced by ER stress and serves to alleviate the associated deleterious effects. In the current study, CsA treatment (0–100 μm) decreased cell survival of rat pituitary GH3 cells in a dose‐dependent manner. At concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 10 μm, CsA induced a dose‐dependent increase in the expression of microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)‐I and LC3‐II. Cells treated with 2.5 μm CsA exhibited cytoplasmic vacuolation, indicating that CsA induces autophagy in rat pituitary GH3 cells. In the presence of 1.0–10 μm CsA, the expression of catalase decreased while that of the ER stress markers, ER luminal binding protein (BiP) and inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α), increased as compared those levels in untreated cells. These results suggested that CsA‐induced autophagy is dependent on ER stress. To determine whether melatonin would protect cells against CsA‐induced autophagy, we treated rat pituitary GH3 cells with melatonin in the presence of CsA. Melatonin treatment (100 and 200 μm) suppressed autophagy induced by 2.5 and 5 μm CsA. Furthermore, co‐treatment with 100 μm melatonin inhibited LC3‐II expression, and increased catalase and phosphorylated p‐ERK levels in the presence of 2.5 and 5 μm CsA. BiP and IRE1α expression in melatonin‐co‐treated cells was superior to that in cells treated with 2.5 and 5 μm CsA alone. Thus, melatonin suppresses CsA‐mediated autophagy in rat pituitary GH3 cells.


A video decoding method for decoding a bit stream comprising a plurality of layers according to the present invention comprises: receiving information capable of specifying the number of layers included in the bit stream; receiving time ID information capable of specifying a maximum time ID of an i th layer that can be used for inter-layer prediction, the number of items of time ID information being equivalent to the number of the layers; inducing the maximum time ID on the basis of the time ID information; and conducting the inter-layer prediction by using a picture of the i th layer having a time ID equal to or smaller than the maximum time ID. As such, the present invention may improve coding efficiency and reduce complexity by limiting the maximum number of time sublayers.


Civic and citizen education has been a relevant aspect in educational policy in Colombia. For this reason, the country has participated in studies by the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) on Civic and Citizenship Education (ICCS). In 2016, the ICCS collected the perceptions of civic and citizenship education from 1,580 teachers. As the IEA databases are open access, the information was analyzed with the objective of describing the perceptions of teachers about the teaching of civic and citizenship education in Colombia, as well as the relationships with school coexistence in the educational institutions. It is concluded that the main coexistence problems reported by teachers in school institutions are: i) student absenteeism, ii) bullying, and iii) drug abuse. Likewise, it was established that students' behavioral problems are related to poor care of school facilities and equipment, negative attitudes towards school, poor sense of belonging to school communities and conflicts during rest, entry and exit of the institution.


ABSTRACT Gender representation has not been a serious subject of consideration in Korean museums, with wide disparities evident in the exhibition contents and displays depending on each institution's initiative or agenda. This paper focuses on three museums that have led the feminist discourse in a country that had been dominated by patriarchal values for centuries, namely the National Women's History Exhibition Hall, the Haenyeo Museum, and the War & Women's Human Rights Museum. These museums have been at the forefront in integrating feminists' perspectives into the realms of historical narrative, intangible cultural heritage, and colonial legacy. While the private sector is responding to market needs, greater gender-consciousness is called for in the mainstream institutions.


A small-size CMOS image sensor with an improved color cross talk and a method for fabricating the same are provided to implement the small size and excellent red response by employing a p-type doping layer arranged under green or/and blue photo diodes and except under a red photo diode. A blue filter(201), a green filter(202), and a red filter(203) are arranged over an interlayer transparent dielectric(208). A p+ type doping layer(217) and an n-type doping layer(210) configure a pinned photo diode. The p+ type doping layer includes a lateral side of an STI region(206) and an STI bottom region to be extended across an entire exposed surface of a silicon. The STI region is filled with an oxide(207). An oxide layer(205) covers the entire surface of the silicon and is downwardly extended toward a polysilicon gate(208). An n+ type doping(209) forms a floating diffusion node connected to a source follower. A p-type doping layer(212) is arranged under the blue and green filters.


Maria Łopatowska has created a pedagogic trend named pedagogy of the heart, which was based on the author's vision of personal respect for children. Utopian, idealistic, leaving much to wish for concept of educating the young generation, encourages to reflect on the values of idealistic education and the realities posed by contemporary life. It is the expression of humanism on the position of the child in case of a change in his or her educational, family home and personal space. Pedagogy of the heart contains a timeless utopian vision of a clash of positive intentions with the limitations and imperfections of the world, which is ruled by consumerism, haste and constant change. Realistic look at the child as an entity that is not fully formed, remaining in constant development, which has its own strengths and weaknesses that are arising from the situations to which he or she got exposed, shows the vision of the trend's author, as impossible to fulfill. M. Łopatkowa created pedagogy of the heart based on exactly those assumptions. Perspective inspired by humanism of the position of a child in the situation of contemporary times hides a time-less utopian vision of conflict of positive intentions and the limits and imperfections of the world ruled by consumerism, rush and constant change.


Abstract Objective to report the process of developing an online focus group as a data collection technique in qualitative research. Method this is an experience report on the development of an online focus group for data collection with teaching nurses linked to the supervised internship of Primary Health Care at a public university in the interior of Ceará, carried out in March 2020. Results the planning phases of the synchronous online focus group were: (1) structuring of the approach; (2) construction of the guide instrument; (3) group composition; and, (4) development of the group process. This provided accessibility, participant adherence, cost reduction, less participant abstention and speed to collect, record and analyze data. A satisfactory result was obtained, standing out as a concrete possibility of data collection technique in qualitative research. Conclusion and implications for practice the data collection strategy through the online focus group can contribute to the construction of knowledge in the health sector and nursing to carry out qualitative research.


Objective: To provide anatomical basis for the placement of lag screw in the acetabular anterior column. Methods: Thirty hemipelves were harvested for this study. All specimens were sectioned at 5.0 mm intervals perpendicularly to the anterior surface of the anterior column. Successive cross-sections were made from the inferior bony acetabular margin to the superior bony margin of the acetabulum. A Steinmann pin was put retrogradely through the center point of the smallest cross-section, then the cross sections below were repositioned anatomically, and the Steinmann pin was forced downward with the help of a drill. The functional axis and the length of the lag screw of the anterior column were determined. A line designated AB was drawn to connect the deepest portion of the sciatic notch (B) and the anterior interspinous notch (A) .Line CD was perpendicular to the line AB and passed the midpoint of line AB. The angle formed by the Steinmann pin and the line AB was named angle α. The angle between the Stenmann pin and the line CD was named angle β. Results: P was just on the line CD. The distance between P and line AB was 15.3±4.7 mm, and angle α was 90.1°±4.7°,angle β 25.3°±3.9°. The mean length of the Steinmann pin in the anterior column was 82.0±7.9 mm. The smallest cross-section was 15.0 mm superior to the inferior bony acetabular margin. The diameter of this section averaged 5.2±1.9 mm. Conclusion: The enter point of the anterior column was 15.3±4.7 mm superior to the midpoint of line AB connecting the deepest portion of the sciatic notch and the anterior interspinous notch . The mean length of the lag screws for anterior column fixaion was 82.0±7.9 mm.The mean inclination of the lag screw was 90.1°±4.7° for angle α and 25.3°±3.9° for angle β. The mean diameter of the lag screw was 5.2±1.9 mm.


FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to a polyphenol derivative formulation and is used in cosmetics, nutrition science and therapy. The polyphenol derivative formulation possessing antioxidant and antiradical activity and having an effect on carbonyl stress. A method for preparing the formulation. The cosmetic formulation possessing antioxidant and antiradical activity and having an effect on carbonyl stress. Using the formulation in nutrition science. The formulation to be used as a therapeutic agent possessing antioxidant and antiradical activity and having an effect on carbonyl stress. The pharmaceutical formulation possessing antioxidant and antiradical activity and having an effect on carbonyl stress. EFFECT: formulation has an effect on carbonyl stress. 23 cl, 11 dwg, 5 ex


The influence of particle size, cell geometry, and packing of the extraction cell was investigated for the extraction of nicotine from tobacco using supercritical CO2 modified with methanol using the hot-ball model of Bartle et al. (1990). When the tobacco was powdered to a particle size of 125−355 μm, the optimum extraction time was reduced by 15 min. Within this particle size range, particle size did not influence the recovery of nicotine so that a time-consuming sieving step is not required. The presence of water during the extraction step, which was introduced either by the packing material or by addition to the mobile phase, is important in order to desorp the nicotine from the cellulose matrix in the shortest possible time. Keywords: Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE); tobacco, nicotine


OBJECTIVE: Establish the incidence and associated features of fatigue in a cohort of patients with autonomic dysfunction. BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a non specific symptom of many disorders. This is different form sleepiness and the more specific symptom of muscle fatigue. DESIGN/METHODS: 459 patients, 118 men (mean age 47.3 years) and 341 women (with mean age 44.4 years) were diagnosed with clinical autonomic dysfunction. Patients underwent autonomic testing. In addition, patients underwent laboratory workup for potential etiologies and confounding disorders. If muscle fatigue was the main symptom electrophysiological evaluation for a neuromuscular junction disorder, motor neuron disorder or myopathy was performed. If a sleep disorder was clinically suspected overnight polysomnography and if indicated next day multiple sleep latency testing was performed. For the purpose of the presence of fatigue common disorders were ruled out. RESULTS: Fatigue was the main complaint in 24 patients (5.23%). However 323 patients (70.3%) complained of fatigue in addition to other symptoms. Patients with a family history of autonomic dysfunction were more likely to have fatigue compared to those without a family history (78.85% vs. 59.3%, p CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis indicates that fatigue is a common complaint in patients with autonomic dysfunction. More commonly the fatigue is generalized and rarely may present as muscle fatigue, usually associated with muscle pain. Disclosure: Dr. Barboi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jaradeh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ouyang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yellick has nothing to disclose. Dr. Prieto has nothing to disclose.


On the basis of summarizing existing cryptograph query technologies,an encryption storage and query scheme for character data is presented.The scheme adopts the two-phase query method.Through building a index field to store structure information of sensitive data,it makes coarse query of first phase can filter out the majority of irrelevant records,so it greatly improve the inquiry effectiveness.Results of a set of experiments validate the security and availability of this scheme.


Late identification of breast cancer is a major concern in India. After lung cancer, breast cancer is the second most common cause of mortality for women. In the present study, artificial intelligence is utilised to determine if a breast tumour is benign or malignant. The goal of this paper is to offer a thorough investigation of how K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) is used to identify breast cancer. One of the most basic supervised learning-based machine learning algorithms is KNN. Additionally, we have investigated how stratified sampling affects the classifier's accuracy. The proposed work shows that stratified sampling increases accuracy and F1-scores considerably.


OBJECTIVE To explore epidemiologic features and related factors of behavior problems of aged 3-7-year-old preschool children.METHODS 724 children were investigated with the Rutter questionnaire and questionnaire of related factors of child behavior.RESULTS The detected rate of behavior problem were 24.2%,the detected rate of boys was 28.4%,and 19.8% in girls respectively,the difference between boys and girls was significant(χ 2 = 11.61,P﹤0.01).The detected rate of A behavior in boys was significantly higher than that in girls(χ 2 = 9.45,P﹤0.01),while no gender differences were observed in N and M behavior.There was a significant difference of the detected rate between urban and rural areas(χ 2 = 10.87,P ﹤ 0.05).The single factor analysis discovered that related factors of behavior problems of preschool children included mothers ' mood status during pregnancy,childbearing methods,abnormity status of newborn while been given birth.children's age,gender difference,the difference between urban and rural areas.Multivariate stepwise regression analysis indicated that dangerous factors included reported anxiety or depression of mother during pregnancy,abnormity status of newborn while been given birth,boys and lives in rural areas.CONCLUSION The incidence of behavior problem of 3-7-year-old preschool children is high,the detected rate of behavior problems in rural is significantly higher than that in urban areas.Children 's behavior problems have close relationship with some mothers' factor such as mothers' bad mood status during pregnancy and prenatal abnormalities.


People are not uncommonly accused of having deceived themselves about something. Ordinarily there is not thought to be anything puzzling about such accusations. On reflection, however, it might appear that there is something paradoxical in the notion of self-deception, since it obviously won't do just to say that self-deception is the same as interpersonal deception except that the deceiver and the deceived happen to be the same person. When A deceives B into believing that p, A tells B that p is the case, or leads him to believe that p is the case, when he knows that not-p is the case. But if A and B are the same person, this would imply that A believed that p was not true and that p was true, which is if not impossible, at least paradoxical. We need some analysis of the notion of self-deception that avoids this apparent paradox. One approach might be to appeal to some notion of unconscious knowledge or belief. So we could say that A unconsciously knew that not-p but consciously believed that p, thus avoiding the paradox. But this may lead into deep waters, involving as it does the controversial and somewhat obscure notion of the unconscious.' We shall develop an analysis of self-deception that both resolves the apparent paradox and avoids any appeal to such puzzling notions as the unconscious. We shall develop the analysis through a discussion of examples. The general formula appears in section V.


Background and Aims: In Singapore, the prevalence of alcohol use disorder is 1.9%. However, the impact of excess alcohol consumption on health-care resource utilization is poorly understood. We sought to assess temporal trends of alcohol-related health-care burden. Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data of 7580 Singaporeans admitted to Singapore General Hospital for alcohol-related medical problems from 2006 to 2016. Temporal trends in hospitalizations were assessed using Pearson correlation. We compared mean length of stay (LOS) and costs using linear regression. Annual proportion of inpatient mortality was compared using logistic regression. We compared mortality rates between alcohol-related diagnoses using Cox proportional hazards regression, with adjustments for age, gender, and ethnicity. In addition, we also compared outpatient visit and medications cost using linear regression. Results: From 2006 to 2016, the number of hospitalizations (883 to 841; P = 0.071) remained stable. There was no significant change in mean LOS (6.7 ± 9.3 to 5.9 ± 15.3; P = 0.392). There were significant increases in mean cost of hospitalization (S$5460 ± S$8385 to S$7666 ± S$21 244; P = 0.022) after adjusting for inflation. Inpatient mortality remained unchanged (3.9% to 3.3%; P = 0.313). A total of 1592 (21.0%) patients died during the study period. Mortality risk was higher among patients with alcoholic liver disease compared with alcohol use disorder (HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.52–1.96; P < 0.001). There were significant increases in mean outpatient visit cost (S$245.40 to S$1001.37; P < 0.001) and mean outpatient medications cost (S$236.57 to S$1191.15; P < 0.001) after adjusting for inflation. Conclusion: Over the past 11 years, the number alcohol-related hospitalizations remained stable. Inpatient mortality did not improve, and costs of inpatient and outpatient care have increased substantially.


The effect of DC bias on electrical tree growth and partial discharge (PD) characteristics in epoxy resin (Araldite LY® 5052/Aradur® HY 5052 supplied by Huntsman) is investigated using three waveforms: AC, AC with positive DC bias, and AC with negative DC bias. Needle-plane samples are used. Tree growth is shown to be accelerated by the combined effect of DC and 50 Hz AC, beyond the AC growth rate. Positive and negative DC biased tests result in 62% and 54% reductions in average time to breakdown, respectively. Different tree structures and stages of development are associated with different partial discharge characteristics, with thick dark tree branches associated with high PD magnitudes, whereas fine tree channel growth is linked with PD magnitudes below 1 pC. AC tests showed five distinct stages of tree growth compared to four stages seen in DC biased tests. In particular, trees growing in the 'reverse direction' from the planar to the point electrode, which is observed in the latter stages of AC tests, is not seen in the DC biased tests. It is concluded that for composite voltages, the AC component is the essential driver of tree growth but the DC component can accelerate propagation. AC noise may therefore compromise the reliability of insulation in HVDC networks.


This chapter, which examines state crime, which includes genocide, war crimes, torture, police violence, and 'grand corruption' (the ruling elite's organised plunder of national resources, first proposes a definition that views state crime as a form of organisational deviance involving the violation of human rights. After analysing the extent of plainly criminal state activity in the world today, it outlines a dialectical approach to explain state crime and evaluate some of the innovative methods currently employed in state crime research. The chapter then considers states as criminal actors and academic work on state crime.


Calculation method of the equivalent modulus of elasticity of foundation based on the principles of displacement equivalence can't factually reflect the influence of semi-rigid base on the thermal stresses in cement concrete pavement.The paper has established the calculation method of the equivalent modulus of elasticity of foundation that is based on the principles of thermal stress equivalence.The method could accurately reflect the influence of the modulus and thickness of semi-rigid type base on the cement concrete pavement thermal stresses.The thermal stresses computed results based on the calculation method of equivalent modulus of elasticity of foundation under the principles of thermal stress equivalence is consistent with Three-Dimensional Finite Element computed results,which indicates that the calculation method is reliable and can be referenced in the revision of specifications of Cement Concrete Pavement Design for Highway.


We discuss the role of dedication ceremonies at Paquimé, Chihuahua, Mexico, using an animistic perspective involving other-than-human, spiritually potent agents who influence and are influenced by humans. Animated agents can include artifacts and architecture, which humans create through negotiating with other agents (e.g., the potter negotiates with the clay, kiln, and fire to make pottery). Dedication ceremonies in such cases help bring active agents to life and imbue them with the specific characteristics that humans want them to have. We illustrate this process using Puebloan ethnology from the North American Southwest and then explore three cases of architectural dedication at Paquimé: the Mound of the Serpent, a pot under a water reservoir, and a central support post within the structure. These cases reflect the use of the architecture to help ensure access to water, which in turn helped Paquimé's elites establish their city as preeminent in the region.


1024 thermo-optic Mach-Zehnder element switches in a 32×32 silicon photonic switch are automatically calibrated based on very few sampling points, potentially within a total calibration time of 90 seconds without degrading quality.


The invention belongs to the technical field of drive control over hybrid power vehicles, and particularly relates to a hybrid power source for hybrid power. According to the technical scheme, when a vehicle accelerates urgently, the high instantaneous power is provided according to the advantage that the specific power of a supercapacitor is high, the response characteristic of the hybrid power source can be improved, the magnitude of discharging currents of a battery can be reduced, and damage to the battery is reduced; when the deceleration of the vehicle is high, and the high braking power is needed, most of braking energy is absorbed through the supercapacitor, and the magnitude of charging currents for the battery is reduced; the recovery ratio of the braking energy can be increased, and the service life of the battery can be prolonged.


This paper presents a new energy and power management control strategy for battery electric vehicle (BEV) with supercapacitors (SCs) based on speed command and acceleration estimation. The purpose of the control strategy is to increase the capability of regenerative braking energy capturing and to improve DC bus voltage regulation. The control strategy uses cascade voltage and current control of SCs. The voltage and current references are calculated based on the speed command and acceleration including the power losses of the system. The whole electrical drive system is mathematically modelled and the core features of the control strategy are presented. Numerical simulation demonstrates the benefits of the proposed control strategy in term of energy saving and DC bus voltage regulation improvement compared to the BEV without SCs.


In perforated gastric cancer with peritonitis, it is necessary not only to save the patient's life but also the perform a curative operation. At Tottori Red Cross Hospital, 758 patients received surgery for gastric cancer during 10 years and 9 of them (1.2%) had perforated gastric cancer. Seven of these cases (77.8%) were resectable, but there was a large difference between the macroscopic and histological findings in them. When peritonitis due to perforation was present, the inflammatory changes interefered with accurate diagnosis of clinical stage, and we tended to diagnose more progressively. Histological stage I [n (-), ps (-)] accounted for 42.9%, and two cases of stage I who underwent curative operation were 5-and 10-year survivors. Therefore, the prognosis of perforated gastric cancer that was operated curatively was not poor.


The problem of character has long occupied the minds of philosophers, pedagogues, sociologists and psychologists, such as Socrates, Plato, Pascal, J. J. Rousseau, Kant, and later Bahnsen, Wiszniewski, A. Bain, A. Martin, Ribot, Smiles, Mill, Perez, Paulhan, Le Bon, Galton, Fourneaux, Foerster, Klages.


Many patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy are now being implanted with Total Artificial Hearts (TAHs). We have observed individual cases of post-operative mechanical ventilator autocycling with a flow trigger, and subsequent loss of autocycling after switching to a pressure trigger. These observations prompted us to do a retrospective review of all TAH devices placed at our institution between August 2007 and May 2009. We found that in the immediate postoperative period following TAH placement, autocycling was present in 50% (5/10) of cases. There was immediate cessation of autocycling in all patients after being changed from a flow trigger of 2 L/minute to a pressure trigger of 2 cm H2O. The autocycling group was found to have significantly higher CVP values than the non-autocycling group (P = 0.012). Our data suggest that mechanical ventilator autocycling may be resolved or prevented by the use of a pressure trigger rather than a flow trigger setting in patients with TAHs who require mechanical ventilation. Background In 2006, end-stage cardiomyopathy was the primary cause of death for almost 60,000 Americans[1]. Transplantation would have prevented many of these deaths; however, only 3205 patients worldwide received transplanted hearts in 2006[2]. Since the publication of the REMATCH study, [3] patients with end-stage cardiomyopathy have increasingly received total artificial hearts (TAHs) as a bridge to cadaveric cardiac transplantation, with surgeons currently implanting third-generation devices[4]. We must be diligent in maintaining our knowledge of these devices, as well as our skills in providing care to patients with TAHs. After they have had a TAH implanted, patients typically remain tracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated for several days to weeks. While caring for such patients in our institution, we noticed that many developed postoperative autocycling of the mechanical ventilator when a flow trigger was used to initiate breaths (Figure 1), which subsequently stopped when we switched the ventilator to a pressure trigger (Figure 2). Autocycling refers to the inappropriate triggering of a ventilator assisted breath in the absence of a spontaneous patient effort. These observations piqued our curiosity regarding the frequency of this occurrence and precipitated the initiation of this retrospective chart review. Methods Following institutional review board approval, we reviewed the computerized medical records of all patients with a TAH placed at our institution between August 2007 and May 2009. We created a database using Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) and recorded the central venous pressure (CVP) while the patients were mechanically ventilated, the positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP), mode of ventilation, body mass index (BMI), TAH rate, and both the set and actual respiratory rate while the patients' ventilators were set for both flow and pressure triggering. A 1-tailed equal variance student t test was done to compare the BMI and CVP values of the autocycling group and the non-autocycling group. The medical records of 10 patients were identified for review (Table 1). All patients were older than 40 years of age; exact ages have not been included in this report because of the need for patient confidentiality. The artificial heart device used in all patients was the SynCardia CardioWest (Tucson, AZ). The mechanical ventilator * Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 5777 East Mayo Boulevard, Phoenix, Arizona 85054, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article © 2010 Shoham et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Shoham et al. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2010, 5:39 http://www.cardiothoracicsurgery.org/content/5/1/39 Page 2 of 4 used in all patients was the Puritan Bennett 840 (Pleasanton, CA). Results Data from all 10 patients (Table 1) shows that 8 had a flow trigger of 2 L/minute as the initial ventilator setting, with a change in all 8 to a pressure trigger of 2 cm H2O within the first 48 hours after TAH placement. One patient was kept on a flow trigger of 2 L/minute until extubation without any autocycling noted, and another patient was kept on a pressure trigger of 2 cm H2O until extubation without any autocycling recorded. Five of the 10 patients developed autocycling of the ventilator, but autocycling ceased immediately in all of these patients when their ventilator settings were changed from a flow trigger of 2 L/minute to a pressure trigger of 2 cm H2O. There were no documented changes in the patients' levels of sedation, mentation, or neuromuscular blockade when these changes were made. Discussion A search of PubMed using the terms ventilation and artificial heart and autocycling and artificial heart on May 23, 2009, did not reveal any publications regarding autocycling associated with TAH devices, nor did we find a description of optimal mechanical ventilator settings for patients who have received a TAH or strategies to postoperatively manage the ventilators of such patients. Potential consequences of mechanical ventilator autocycling include respiratory alkalosis, barotrauma, patient ventilator dysynchrony, and over use of sedative medications[5,6]. In 1 of our patients, the presence of autocycling resulted in evaluation and work-up for central hyperventilation syndrome. Such an evaluation typically includes invasive testing that could be potentially harmful to the patient. Flowand pressure-triggered mechanical ventilator modes are designed to allow and assist with spontaneous ventilation. In a pressure-trigger mode, the patient's inspiratory effort is recognized when the airway pressure decreases below the baseline level of PEEP by the set trigger sensitivity (2 cm H2O in our cases). Once this occurs, the ventilator delivers an assisted breath. In a flow-trigger mode using the Puritan Bennett 840 mechanical ventilator, the baseline continuous expiratory flow is set at 1.5 L/min greater than the set flow trigger (2 L/min in our case), resulting in a continuous expiratory flow of 3.5 L/min. The patients' inspiratory effort is recognized as a drop in expiratory flow by the set trigger sensitivity, consequently resulting in a ventilator-assisted Figure 1 TAH induced autocycling is present with an actual RR of 28 using a flow trigger. Actual RR Triggered Breath S t RR Flow e Trigger Figure 2 Autocycling is absent with the use of a pressure trigger as the actual RR = set RR of 16. Actual RR S t RR Pressure T i e r gger Shoham et al. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery 2010, 5:39 http://www.cardiothoracicsurgery.org/content/5/1/39 Page 3 of 4 breath. In our case, this would occur when expiratory flow is less than 1.5 L/min. Use of a flow trigger has been shown to decrease the inspiratory work of breathing in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and intrinsic PEEP (iPEEP)[7]. In the case of iPEEP, the patient would have to produce a greater negative pressure to overcome the difference between intrinsic and circuit PEEP. However, with newer ventilator programming, the inspiratory work of breathing is similar between flow and pressure trigger modes[8,9]. Any device that alters resistance from the alveolus to the sensor at the y-piece, such as gas leaks from ventilator circuits, leaks in the cuff of the tracheal tube[5,10]. a heat moisture exchanger, [6] and an in-line catheter, can be a source of ventilator autocycling[11]. Cardiac oscillations are another well-known source of autocycling and have been described in patients in the ICU and during general anesthesia[12]. Cardiac oscillations leading to autocycling in patients who have undergone cardiac surgical procedures has been shown to be relatively common with flow-trigger settings, particularly in patients who have large cardiac outputs, large heart size, low respiratory system resistance, and an elevated CVP[13]. The differences we have observed in incidence of autocycling may not only reflect the method of triggering (flow vs. pressure), but also the sensitivity of the trigger used as the more sensitive the setting, the more likely autocycling will occur; flow-triggering has been shown to be particularly sensitive to circuit leaks[5,6,10,11]. The autocycling group in our case series did have significantly higher CVP values than the non-autocycling group (P = 0.012), though we can not draw any causative conclusions with this post hoc data. An elevated CVP may reflect decreased intra-thoracic compliance, thereby increasing transmitted pressure changes to the airway with resultant autocycling. The elevated CVP may also simply be a consequence of mechanical ventilator autocycling rather than a cause. TAH oscillations induce significant pulmonary volume displacement as there are large pneumatic pressure changes for each beat[14,15]. A patient with post-operaTable 1: Case Series Data Patient Mode of ventilation CVP BMI RRactual/set with flow trigger RRactual/set with pressure trigger TAH rate PEEP


The Kyunetsa section, 2.5 km west of Kosharevo, exposes mainly pelagic Upper Cretaceous marly limestones and marls of the Srednogorie Zone, part of the intermediate Balkanides in Bulgaria. The Melove Formation of Coniacian to early Campanian age involves a prominent Santonian-Campanian boundary interval of grey and reddish sediments, including CORBs (Cretaceous Oceanic Red Beds). The base of the Campanian can be discerned in bed 7c by the first rare (single) occurrence of the nannofossil Broinsonia (Aspidolithus) parca parca. A positive carbon isotope peak below, and a field magnetic susceptibility peak above may enhance correlation to other Tethyan sites such as the proposed GSSP at Bottaccione (Italy), the Postalm section (Austria) and the Mudurnu-Göynük Basin (Turkey).


This study aims to examine the implications of the implementation of the Pengembanagan Keprofesian Berkelanjutan (PKB) policy on teacher career management in junior high schools in Bandung.  The implication is seen in Penilaian Kinerja Guru  (PKG) planning where the teacher explores her career needs, in the implementation of PKB where the teacher tries her career strategy, and in the evaluation where the teacher reflects on PKB. Teacher career management appears in the aspects of planning, implementation, and evaluation of  PKB


Higher education institutions in the United States with graduate-level educational leadership programs traditionally do not offer professional learning opportunities in integrative STEM education. The objective of this paper is to share our journey to prepare and implement a course designed for P-12 educational leaders to build knowledge and skills to lead impactful integrative STEM programming. Results of the demand survey indicated a high amount of interest in an integrative STEM education course. Findings from interviews and the modified Delphi study informed our decisions for the development, objectives, assessments, and outcomes of the course to enhance integrative STEM culture in educational settings.


Introduction: social factors, genes, and gene expression programming .....................................................548 How mechanisms of gene regulation "above the genome" contribute to inter-individual differences in behavior ....................................................................................................................549 Overview of epigenetic mechanisms .......................................................................................................549 Targeting of epigenetic modifications to specific genes ...........................................................................550 Epigenetic mechanisms and mental health ..............................................................................................550 The response of epigenetic machinery to environmental signals ...............................................................551 Social factors associated with epigenetic modifications during sensitive periods of development ..............552 Maternal care, epigenetics, and the HPA axis: laboratory animal studies ..................................................553 Parental care, epigenetics, and the HPA axis: human studies ...................................................................554 Social factors associated with epigenetic modifications outside of sensitive periods of development .........555 Social stress, epigenetics, and the HPA axis: laboratory animal studies ................................... 555 Social stress, epigenetics, and the HPA axis: human studies .................................................. 557 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................557 Acknowledgment ...................................................................................................................................558 References ............................................................................................................................................558 Glossary ................................................................................................................................................562


Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) was introduced in orthodontics with its initial purpose to alleviate the pain following the adjustment of the different appliances and also to help speed up the healing process of a sore spot if caused by appliance impingement. Recently, studies have showed that LLLT help in the differentiation of cells taking part in the bone remodelling process and therefore seems to affect the rate of orthodontic tooth movement although the results of which have seemed to be controversial. This present article reviews the previous studies on the effects of LLLT on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement in animals as well as human subjects, and thereby aims to set an optimal protocol for the use of LLLT to accelerate tooth movement in the orthodontic field.


After its publication in 2015, the book The Hidden Life of Trees: What They Feel, How They Communicate by German forester Peter Wohlleben aroused significant controversy in the scientific field. Although it became a bestseller and was publicly acclaimed for the way it describes the countless wonders of trees, a part of the scientific community responded with an online petition against the book's poetic use of anthropomorphism, metaphors, and a general emotionality in its approach to nature. The petition states that Wohlleben presents a form of 'unenlightened thinking'—harking back to the early modern world before the Enlightenment where science and imagination were more or less merged—and that the work should not be classified as popular 'science' (University Göttingen, 2017). The petition's title crisply captures the community's disapproval of a too literary delivery of scientific knowledge: 'Even in the Forest, It's Facts We Want Instead of Fairy Tales.' In defense of facts against fairy tales, of science against literature, these scientists perform a type of 'boundary work.' The concept of boundary work, raised by sociologist Thomas F. Gieryn, refers to the demarcation of science from other intellectual activities. Although this is meant largely by Gieryn (1983) as 'the ideological style in scientists' attempts to create a public image for science by contrasting favourably to non-scientific intellectual or technical activities' (781), demarcating the boundaries of science also means carving out a distinct disciplinary practice of knowledge production in science, as well as the standard to valorize certain knowledge according to the way it is produced.


Detention and waiting would result in low work rate of locomotive,and even affect the quality of molten iron.For this the molten iron transport situation at the bottleneck turnout of iron station of Wuhan Iron and Steel was analyzed.Flexsim was used to establish the initial simulation model of the molten iron transportation at the bottleneck turnout and to visually simulate the production scheduling situation.The relevant experimental data were counted and the possible causes were analyzed as well.And a new locomotive scheduling was designed to improve the initial simulation model.Waiting and detention at the bottleneck was then eased,and the production could be carried out smoothly.


To improve the identification rate of the information on aircraft's HUD interface, GL Studio is adopted to quickly build the virtual instrument interface of HUD, which is driven by flight simulation equations. The virtual instrument interface of HUD is imported into three-dimensional vision system for the ergonomics evaluation of character type, font type and color of the displayed information. The reaction time and correct rate are chosen as the ergonomics evaluation indices, as well as the synchronized physiological measurement of electro dermal activity (EDA) is carred out as auxiliary evaluation. The experimental results manifest that the correct rate of identification for Chinese character is higher than that of the English character. The font of the best identification performance with the shortest reaction time and highest correct rate is Official script in Chinese and Calibri in English. Green is the character color with the best identification performance. The character identification performance has the trend that Official Song typeface in Chinese, and Arial in English. The three fonts under the two different character types have the most significant difference when the character color is yellow, but the least difference when the character color is green.


The role of selenium (Se) against lead (Pb) stress in Coleus (Coleus blumei benth.) was investigated by evaluating the allocation plasticity and antioxidant properties of plants cultured hydroponically with lead (1.0 mM Pb) and selenite (0~5.0 mM Se) in this study. It was showed that Pb reduced the root growth and caused serious damage in the roots, which was accompanied by biomass changes and Pb accumulation in the organ. When Se application up to 1.0 mM improved the biomass allocation and Pb accumulation of Coleus organs and significantly decreased Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) accumulation in Coleus treated with 1.0 mM Pb. However, above 1.0 mM, Se induced stress in Coleus grown with Pb. These results indicated that at this concentration, Se can protect Coleus from Pb stress by expressing primarily biomass allocation and metal partitioning. Significant changes of antioxidant defense system in Coleus exposed to Pb stress were also found as a result of the added Se. Se supplied up to 1.0 mM greatly decreased root Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Peroxidase (POD) activity in Pb-stressed Coleus (p<0.05). In addition, Catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was increased with increasing Se concentration (p<0.05). The effect of Se on glutathione (GSH) in Coleus Pb-treated was dose-dependent. The GSH content increased up to a concentration of 2.5 mM Se and then decreased. These changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants showed that Se supplied had a significant disturbance on Coleus under Pb stress and affected the biochemical and physiological processes. Furthermore, the obtained results also showed that appropriate Se supplementation may ameliorate Pb-induced oxidative stress by decreasing lipid peroxidation and altering antioxidant defense system and that Se detoxification and accumulation in Coleus might be associated closely with the efficiency of these mechanisms.


Fundamental global similarity solutions of the standard form u_\g(x,t)=t^{-\a_\g} f_\g(y), with the rescaled variable y= x/{t^{\b_\g}}, \b_\g= \frac {1-n \a_\g}{10}, where \a_\g>0 are real nonlinear eigenvalues (\g is a multiindex in R^N) of the tenth-order thin film equation (TFE-10) u_{t} = \nabla \cdot(|u|^{n} \n \D^4 u) in R^N \times R_+, n>0, are studied. The present paper continues the study began by the authors in the previous paper
P. Alvarez-Caudevilla, J.D.Evans, and V.A. Galaktionov, The Cauchy problem for a tenth-order thin film equation I. Bifurcation of self-similar oscillatory fundamental solutions, Mediterranean Journal of Mathematics, No. 4, Vol. 10 (2013), 1759-1790.
Thus, the following questions are also under scrutiny:
(I) Further study of the limit n \to 0, where the behaviour of finite interfaces and solutions as y \to infinity are described. In particular, for N=1, the interfaces are shown to diverge as follows: |x_0(t)| \sim 10 \left( \frac{1}{n}\sec\left( \frac{4\pi}{9} \right) \right)^{\frac 9{10}} t^{\frac 1{10}} \to \infty as n \to 0^+.
(II) For a fixed n \in (0, \frac 98), oscillatory structures of solutions near interfaces.
(III) Again, for a fixed n \in (0, \frac 98), global structures of some nonlinear eigenfunctions \{f_\g\}_{|\g| \ge 0} by a combination of numerical and analytical methods.


Rhode magnifica n. sp. is described from a Montenegrine cave and Rhode slahlaides n. sp. from a Bosnian cave. There is a redescription of Rhode aspinijera (Nikolic). The author includes in the genus Rhode the species previously contained in the genera Harpassa and Typhlorhode. The northern Yugoslav genusSlalila and related genera are regarded to bethe nearest relatives of Rhode and it is concluded that they have originated on the Balkan Peninsula from a common ancestor.


This essay explores the potential of the idea of fractality along one of its properties: scaled self-similarity. The notion of fractal personhood is proposed as a way of thinking about the Amerindian person. When speaking of fractal personhood what is meant is the containment of whole persons in parts of persons and the replication of relations between selves and alters at different scales (intra-personal, inter-personal and inter-group). Three Amerindian ethnographies (Arawete, Wari' and Tupinamba) are compared and analysed combining propositions from Melanesian exchange theory and a theory of Amerindian perspectivism in order to elicit the usefulness of "fractal personhood" as an analytical tool.


The Hans Monderman Model of shared space, where the carriageway is shared by both pedestrians and vehicles, is now being incorporated in residential area designs throughout the U. K. It is suggested that the design guidance and regulations relating to shared space could be improved and clarified if measures to reduce vehicle speeds were used which were not in themselves sources of potential danger. The use of poor visibility should be rejected as a means of achieving speed reduction through anxiety; this conflicts with the aim of creating residential environments that 'feel safe', as well as relying excessively on the moderation of all drivers using the scheme.


DAVID BUCHDAHL is assistant professor of anthropology at Brown University. I wish to express my thanks to Milton Singer for inviting me to participate in the symposium at the 74th Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association where an earlier version of this paper was delivered, and for his helpful suggestions. Melford Spiro's critical discussion was also quite helpful. My own research on the "counterculture" began in 1969 (see Buchdahl 1974). The twenty-one-year-old, third generation Italian American was quoted by James T. Wooten in The New York Times, April 19, 1975, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of Paul Revere's ride.


The past several years have witnessed important advances in the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure (HF). Drugs such as β-blockers and spironolactone have been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality, and strategies that employ new devices, such as pacing and defibrillator therapy, are evolving. This has prompted the American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) to update guidelines first published in 1995.1 The guidelines highlight the importance of early and accurate recognition of the clinical syndrome of chronic HF and offer an outline for evidence-based therapeutic decision making.


Abstract A rank one matrix can be factored as for vectors and of appropriate orders. The perimeter of this rank one matrix is the number of nonzero entries in plus the number of nonzero entries in . A matrix of rank k is the sum of k rank one matrices, a rank one decomposition. The perimeter of a matrix A of rank k is the minimum over all rank one of A of the sums of perimeters of the rank one matrices. The arctic rank of a matrix is one half the perimeter. In this article, we characterize the linear operators that preserve the symmetric arctic ranks of nonnegative symmetric matrices.


Various measuring modes of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) are used for visualization of ferroelectric domains in single crystals, ceramics and thin films. In this work we present the application of this powerful technique to micro- and nano-domain structures in ferroelectric single-crystalline lithium niobate LiNbO3 (LN) and lithium tantalate LiTaO3 (LT). Advantages and disadvantages of used methods are discussed. The variety of unusual domain structures and shapes of individual domains are demonstrated and explained. 1. Objective Domain engineering – a new branch of science and technology devoted to creation of periodic and quasi-periodic domain structures with desirable parameters in commercially available ferroelectrics is rapidly developing nowadays. For advanced electro-optical and acoustical applications the submicron domain patterns are of great importance, but nevertheless the micron limit has not been experimentally overcome yet. Two branches of domain engineering have been developed recently: predetermined and self-organized domain patterning. In the first case the details of domain patterns are determined by spatial distribution of external action (mostly electric field). In the second case formation of quasi-regular domain patterns is a result of self-maintained evolution of domain structure. In this work we demonstrate the recent achievements in application of both approaches to LN and LT single crystals. Different techniques mostly based on electric field poling are used for domain patterning. We have proposed to use a stage of spontaneous backswitching after removing of poling field for high-fidelity domain patterning and production of quasiperiodic nano-scale domain patterns [1]. Application of this improved poling method


Radioiodine (RI) treatment is widely used in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. However, RI exposure often induces salivary gland (SG) dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the effect of curcumin on RI‐induced SG dysfunction in mice. Mice were assigned to one of four groups (n = 6 per group) as follows: normal control, RI only, RI + curcumin, and RI + amifostine group. Salivary flow rate, lag time, and changes in 99mTc (technetium)‐pertechnetate uptake and excretion were measured, and changes in SG morphology and histology were analysed. Salivary epidermal growth factor content, amylase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were also measured. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) was performed to assess SG apoptosis, and the expression of apoptosis‐related protein was determined by western blotting. The reduced salivary flow rate and prolonged lag time in the RI group was restored by treatment with curcumin or amifostine. In the histological analysis, compared with the RI group, RI + curcumin and RI + amifostine groups had more mucin‐rich acini and less periductal fibrosis. Compared with the RI group, RI + curcumin and RI + amifostine groups showed evidence of tissue remodelling, with a greater number of salivary epithelial cells (AQP‐5‐positive), SG ductal cells (CK18‐positive), endothelial cells (CD31‐positive), and myoepithelial cells (α‐SMA‐positive). RI + curcumin and RI + amifostine groups alleviated RI‐induced cell death, demonstrating antiapoptotic effect, compared with the RI group. Both SOD activity and the protein expression levels of SOD2 were higher in the RI + curcumin and RI + amifostine groups than in the RI group. Our results demonstrate that curcumin ameliorates RI‐induced SG dysfunction in mice.


In the entry literature, researchers sometimes use revenues as a proxy for profits because this is the only data available. Doing so could seriously bias the results.


Abstract The dispersion of polaritons of symmetry A1 and E is investigated in the region of four isotopic vibrations originating from C13- and N15 -atoms in their natural abundances. The measured dispersion curves are explained in terms of a theory for localized mode polaritons (LMP) developed by Ohtaka. The dispersion relation is generalized for a polyatomic crystal and applied to K3Cu(CN)4. The comparison of experimental data with calculated dispersion curves shows a quite satisfying agreement for a certain value of the coupling constant which is approximately the same for E-type and A1-type polaritons.


CMP is not a miraculous document that carries solutions to all kinds of collection related problems. But, it is far better to have one than not to have. It makes a complex and subjective process of CM less problematic by devising and documenting the philosophy behind a library's collecting practice. It may serve as a detailed framework to execute the philosophy of a library. Thus, a written CMP has much more to offer to libraries in the digital and hybrid age-- an age which has mesmerized users with explicit and implicit perceptions regarding electronic resources.


This paper investigates the dynamic conditional correlation among the A-share,the B-share and the H-share markets in China.By applying the GJR-GARCH-DCC with asymmetric term model,we analyze three return indices during the period of 1995-2008.We find that the correlation between the A-share and the B-share markets,as well as the one between the B-share and the H-share markets are dynamic and asymmetric.However,the correlation between the A-share and the H-share markets is dynamic but not asymmetric.The results are important to portfolio diversification and for financial market participants.We also find that the A-and B-share markets as well as the A-and H-share markets are increasingly integrated.


1944-3994/1944-3986 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Desalination Publications. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creative commons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Analysis of spatial-temporal evolution of agricultural drought based on regional agricultural drought index