This paper addresses the hot channel factors for the thermalhydraulic analysis of Material Testing Reactors (MTR). The criteria for choosing the hot channel factors and their combination methods are presented and discussed. A method for the evaluation of the hot channel factors for the thermalhydraulic analysis is proposed. In the proposed method, the values of the hot channel factor are calculated in terms of their fraction of variation and the degree of dependency of the thermalhydraulic safety parameter of interest on these factors. The equations for the calculation of the thermalhydraulic safety parameters in the hot channel are presented along with discussions. The application of the proposed method has been illustrated by an example.


Objective To discuss the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of a patient with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis(PAP).Methods One case of PAP was analyzed and the recent literature was reviewed.Results PAP presented a protracted chronic clinical course,It was manifested as primary or secondary pathological changes.PAP was characterized by progressive dyspnea.Typical CT scan showed groundglass opacities and "milky" effluent from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF).The microscopic characteristics of BALF from bronchoalveolar lavage of PAP indicated the alveolar space and terminal bronchioles almost completely filled with periodic Acid Schiff(PAS)—positive surfactant.Conclusion The manifestations of PAP is not specific,image examinations and diagnostic bronchoalveolar lavege are very useful and lung lavage especially whole lung lavage is effective.


Triethyl citrate (TC) was added as a plasticizer to a blend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and starch in the presence of methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI). As expected, TC improved the elongation at break and toughness and, at the same time, decreased the tensile strength and modulus. However, TC did not significantly affect the coupling effects of MDI on starch and PLA. The tensile strength of the blend with MDI was much greater than the tensile strength without MDI at the same TC level. The tensile properties of the blend changed dramatically as the TC concentration increased from 5 to 12.5%. At a TC concentration of 7.5%, the blend produced desirable elongation and toughness with fairly good tensile strength. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2947–2955, 2003


An exhaust heat recovery apparatus (10): produces a Stirling engine (100) the kinetic energy by thermal energy from an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine is retrieved (1); a clutch (6) mounted on an output shaft (1s) of the internal combustion engine (1); and an auxiliary device (2) which is driven by at least the Stirling engine (100). By the Stirling engine (100) generated kinetic energy is transmitted to the output shaft (1s) of the internal combustion engine (1) through a pulley (3S) of the Stirling engine, a belt (4), a pulley (3E) of the internal combustion engine and a clutch (6) transmitted. The kinetic energy generated by the Stirling engine (100) of the output shaft (1s) of the internal combustion engine (1) together with the by the internal combustion engine (1) generated kinetic energy given. If there in this structure, a request to a driving of the internal combustion engine (1), the clutch (6) is disengaged.


Time-resolved phosphorescence spectra were measured at 77 K for several systems containing benzophenone or p-chlorobenzaldehyde as an electron acceptor and aniline, N-methylaniline, or N,N-dimethylaniline as an electron donor in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. The phosphorescences of the electron donor–acceptor complexes under consideration showed a strong tendency for bimolecular quenching.


This paper discusses the pricing of foreign exchange reset options when exchange rates are driven by Brown motions and Possion processes in the complete foreign exchange markets.By the use of equivalent martingale measures and normal distribution functions,we get the pricing formular of this(option.) Finally,we obtain the Black-Scholes pricing formular of a particular foreign exchange reset(options) when the model coefficients are all constant.


Advances in prenatal diagnosis have generally focused on the use of noninvasive methods of detecting chromosomally abnormal fetuses. Certain ultrasonographic findings, such as femur shortening, humeral shortening, thickened nuchal fold, and structural anomalies, have a positive predictive value for the diagnosis of trisomy 21. Maternal serum screening for proteins present in abnormally high or low levels in trisomy 21 pregnancies is an area of active investigation. Specific substances of interest include α-fetoprotein, β-human chorionic gonadotropin, unconjugated estriol, and urea-resistant neutrophil alkaline phosphatase. Fetal nucleated erythrocytes and trophoblast cells have been isolated from maternal blood. These methods hold promise for identification of fetal aneuploidy in all pregnant women, independent of maternal age.


This paper aims to approach the administration and functioning of justice of first instance in the Parish district of Manizales between 1855 and 1865. Through the analysis of the judicial processes for sluggishness, games and forbidden dances, we want to show the capacity scope of the Neogranadinian State to establish an order in a peripheral society, and the roles that prosecuted social actors played in the social and legal fabric of that time. Our hypothesis is that prosecuted individuals were not mere spectators but that they participated, altered and used the processes of normalization of their practices to negotiate punishments, accuse their enemies, defend themselves from justice and flee when there was nothing else to do.


The values implicit in the tradition and activities of the student press, how the student press influences campus values, and how these values relate to the mission of student development are issues addressed in this chapter.


A tube flow viscometer complete with data acquisition system was designed and developed for continuous measurement of pressure drop and flow velocity. Experiments were carried out with tomato ketchup, oyster sauce, mayonnaise, and 1 % and 1.5% CMC solutions in the laminar flow region using stainless steel tubes of four diameters (0.00751-0.01636 m). The flow parameters determined with the tube viscometer after slip correction and a rotational viscometer were correlated for estimating the pressure drop indirectly. Finally, it was shown that neural networks could accurately predict the pressure drop in tube flow without making any correction for wall-slip from the input data on tube diameter, fluid density, mass flow rate, and power-law parameters determined with a rotational viscometer. Among three neural network architectures tested, the generalized regression neural networks were most easy to train and they predicted the pressure drop gradient in tube flow with greatest accuracy (4.7% average absolute error).


The invention discloses a configuration system of an intelligent power supply cube of a data computer room. The configuration system comprises two paths of commercial power, a generator set, an input switching cabinet, an input power distribution cabinet, two output power distribution cabinets and two battery cabinets, wherein a first double-power-supply automatic converter is arranged in the input switching cabinet; a second double-power-supply automatic converter and five branch switches are arranged in the input power distribution cabinet; a UPS (uninterrupted power supply) module cabinet and a UPS system cabinet are respectively arranged in the two output power distribution cabinets, and a group of UPS modules is arranged in the UPS module cabinet; and a group of storage batteries is arranged in each battery cabinet. The two paths of commercial power are connected with the input switching cabinet for carrying out commercial power/commercial power switching, the input power distribution cabinet supplies power to the two output power distribution cabinets, the two battery cabinets provides power for the output power distribution cabinets before the generator set starts, and the two output power distribution cabinets provide two paths of pure AC (alternating current) for a load.


478 dose of 500 mCi with adjuvant recombinant hu‐ man thyrotropin (rhTSH) was administered. A posttherapeutic whole ‐body scan showed io‐ dine uptake only in the right liver lobe (FIGURE 1C). The size of liver metastasis was stable on CT, and liver enzyme levels remained within the refer‐ ence ranges. After 2 years, the patient complained of a sud‐ den loss of vision in the left eye and eyelid pro‐ lapse accompanied by facial neuropathy. Head magnetic resonance imaging revealed a left orbital tumor measuring 11 × 6 mm, with a moderate and homogenous contrast medium uptake. It was lo‐ calized in the posterior part of the left orbit, com‐ pressing the optic nerve (FIGURE 1D). Fine ‐needle aspiration biopsy was scheduled but the patient's general condition rapidly deteriorated. Severe liver dysfunction due to multiple liver metasta‐ ses was diagnosed (aspartate aminotransferase, 168 U/l; alanine aminotransferase, 303 U/l; alka‐ line phosphatase, 619 U/l; γ ‐glutamyltransferase, 1178 U/l; and bilirubin, 9.37 mg/dl). The patient died of hepatic coma 4 weeks later. Liver metastases in DTC are very rare, even at the end stage of the disease. Only a few cases of a solitary liver metastasis of DTC have been A 70 ‐year ‐old woman presented with symp‐ toms of hyperthyroidism and a solitary tumor of the liver. Due to complications of a chole‐ cystectomy, abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed. It showed a polycystic le‐ sion (15×12×10 cm in size) in the right liver lobe (FIGURE 1A). A core needle biopsy of the tumor showed a differentiated (follicular) thyroid car‐ cinoma (DTC) metastasis, with an immunohis‐ tochemical analysis: CK7(+), CK20(–), and thy‐ roglobulin(+) (FIGURE 1B). Laboratory tests con‐ firmed primary hyperthyroidism. Additionally, serum thyroglobulin levels were significantly ele‐ vated (60 753 ng/ml; reference range <55 ng/ml). An ultrasound showed enlarged thyroid volume (27.8 ml) with multiple nodules and left jugular vein thrombosis. The patient underwent multistage interdisci‐ plinary treatment. Methimazole therapy was fol‐ lowed by thyroidectomy. Histopathologic exami‐ nation confirmed DTC (minimally invasive follic‐ ular carcinoma; T2, N0, M1 according to the TNM classification). Suppressive L ‐thyroxin treatment was started. Postoperative serum thyroglobulin levels were still elevated (169 037 ng/ml). Radio‐ active iodine (RAI) treatment with a cumulative CLINICAL IMAGE


Based on the practice of team supervision in various hospital units, this paper aims to illustrate the catastrophic clinical repercussions of the contemporary transformations of their social and cultural background. These transformations affecting the ideals and the values on which these units are founded include a component of loss created by the departure of the founding generation. As a result, a traumatic collision occurs, which affects, imperceptibly, the psychic organizers and the symbolic containers of the specialized unit. This paper shows that this fragility of the background results in clinical work continuously being conducted on the same mode as the very framework it is tasked with treating.


It is well-known that the schools of Fundamental Teaching, especially the public ones, treat of the physics and phenomena related to the nature with little relevance in the initial series, this because in the discipline which it should be inserted (sciences), the larger focus is given to the biological sciences. However, it is in that stage that the child can have the contact with certain scientific concepts that it may awake interest in science. Thinking about that, and in view of the popularization of science in the early years of school, we took situation-problems involving experiments for a class of fourth year of a municipal school of Gandu-BA, asking students to draw and write the strategy used to solve the situation-problem, and then, in a moment of discussion, to give an explanations, with appropriate language, about the physical concepts involved in the developed activities. In this discussion, children made us realize how their inferences approach the concepts related to the physics, moreover demonstrating other typological aspects that develop abilities in the children. In spite of they use simple and typical age language, they got to solve the proposed problems, what we verified in their speech, writing, and drawings. The surprising thing was to hear the questions come of them, which it is concerned not only to the physics, but also, to other knowledge areas , which leads us to believe that despite his age, there is already mature enough to work with certain contents, of course in an accessible language, and that enables the understanding and integration of these children in the scientific activities.


Acquiring the real-time information about traffic flow is one of the important steps toward the realization of ITS. For this purpose, we propose an approach for forecasting traffic flow. The proposed approach uses a double exponential smoothing (DES) model, first, to predict the future datum. Then, a Fourier series is employed to fit a residual series between the predicted series produced by the DES model and the actual observed series for all previous time steps, and to give a estimated value at the next step so as to correct the prediction of DES model. Furthermore, a Markov model is adopted to describe the transition behavior of the residual series and to construct a forecast trend adjustment scheme. Smoothing parameters of the DES model is determined by using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. The model integrated the Fourier residual correction scheme with the Markov forecast trend adjustment scheme is called DESFM model. The DESFM model is applied to predict the traffic flow of Route 23 in Nagoya-shi, Aichi-ken, and the performed results is compared with ARIMA prediction approach.


Photooxidation and metal−ligand photolysis reactions of bis(cyclopentadienyl)chromium, chromocene, in the range 24 390−15 630 cm-1 are studied in the gas phase by using time-of-flight mass spectroscopic detection. Photooxidation of the intact chromocene molecule unexpectedly dominates in the range 23 530−24 000 cm-1. The relative importance of photooxidation compared to photofragmentation is strongly wavelength dependent. A prominent species at all wavelengths is the chromium ion, but in a wavelength region corresponding to the lowest energy ligand to metal charge transfer excited electronic state absorption, the strongest peak is from the chromocene ion. The excitation spectra are reported for three selected species:  chromocene ion, mono(cyclopentadienyl)chromium ion, and the chromium ion. The spectrum obtained by monitoring the metal ion contains sharp peaks that are assigned to neutral chromium atom resonances. Sharp losses of intensities in the molecular ion spectra are observed at these wavelengths....


Ⅰ.IntroductionWith the globalization of every industry,the calls for talents who have a solid foundation of English,a widerange of knowledge,and skills of related specialties are in urgent.However,not everyone realizes that L2learners,in creating their own interlanguage,create an accompanying identity[1].So how to improve L2learners'abilities in using the target language is a great challenge for both General English teaching and ESPteaching.General English is the topic we usually discuss,but ESP is the one ...


Essentials Apixaban is a novel oral anticoagulant that has not been studied in pregnant patients. Our objective was to determine the rate and extent of the placental transfer of apixaban. Apixaban rapidly crosses the ex vivo term human placenta from maternal to fetal circulation. Fetal apixaban levels in vivo are estimated to be 35–90% of the corresponding maternal levels.


The present paper presents studies regarding the removal of zinc ions from solutions as double zinc and potassium pyrophosphates. The solid product resulted may be used as PK fertilizer containing zinc as micronutrient. In order to find out the optimum conditions for the separation of micronutrient zinc from the reaction mass, various molar concentrations of the zinc sulphate and potassium pyrophosphate solutions (0.075; 0.1; 0.15 and 0.2 M), various Zn 2+ :P 2 O 7 4- molar ratios (0:1 - 2:1), and various temperatures (25, 50, 75 and 100°C) have been used. The solid product synthesized in optimum conditions (Zn 2+ :P 2 O 7 4- molar ratio 0.5:1, initial concentration of the reactants 0.075 M and a temperature of 25°C) was characterized through chemical analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray diffractometry. The FT-IR pattern of the product shows that it contains a mixture of basic pyro-phosphates and poly-phosphates of zinc and potassium. By means of X-ray diffractometry, in the product was identified the crystalline phase K 2 Zn 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 . 3H 2 O. The chemical analysis of the product gave a composition close to the theoretical composition of K 2 Zn 3 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 . 3H 2 O. During heating up to 1000°C, the product loses the crystallization water; several transformations of the phosphates also take place.


Has conducted research with Title Effect of Long Soaking Solution Using Urea Levels Against Lime Fish Pari ( Trygon sephen ) . The goal is to determine the effect of immersion time with lemon on levels of urea Pari fish meat . The method used is experiment . There were four treatments were given : (a ) Immersion 0 minutes / no soaking, ( b ) 15 min immersion , ( c ) 30 min immersion and ( d ) Immersion 45 minutes . Based on the results obtained Pari treatment levels of fish protein A ( 20.18 % ) , treatment B ( 18.3 % ) , treatment C ( 16.34 % ) and treatment D ( 15.64 % ) . Statistically real soaking time is very influential on protein content . Pari fish urea levels for treatment A ( 19.1 mg / g ) , treatment B ( 10.86 mg / g ) , treatment C ( 6.3 mg / g ) , and treatment D ( 1.93 mg / g ) , statistically real soaking time is very influential on the stingray urea levels . Pari fish trimethilamine levels for treatment A ( 4.42 mg N/100 g ) , treatment B ( 4.19 mg N/100 g ) , treatment C ( 3.52 mg N/100 g ) , and treatment D ( 3 , 18 mg N/100 g) , and statistically long soaking with a solution of lime no real effect on levels of trimethylamine . Organoleptic quality include appearance , color and odor is strongly influenced by long immersion while the texture parameters are not influenced by the length of the fish soaking Pari . Key word : ikan Pari, urea, TMA


Laboratory experiments on the host‐finding behaviour of Stomoxys calcitrans conducted in a large slow‐speed wind tunnel, showed that visual and olfactory stimuli and temperature and humidity are implicated. The flies landed preferentially on targets of low reflectance, but the effect of reflectance was influenced by the conspicuousness of the target against the background. The release of CO2 and olfactory stimuli emanating (from a human arm), from the target enhanced flight activity. The results suggest that carbon dioxide induced imprecisely directed upwind flight, whereas human skin odour elicited precisely directed upwind orientation to its source. Skin odour may have an arrestant effect on flies landing on the target. Odours from mammalian blood and sweat had no effect. An increase in the temperature and humidity of the target airstream failed to influence the behaviour of the flies. However, the release of a target airstream which was both warm and moist, and contained CO2 or skin odour increased the landing rate on the target. It is concluded that warmth and moisture induced settling by activated flies.


Henry Daniel was an older contemporary of Chaucer, who lived, for at least part of his life, in or near London. He was a pioneer in medieval English science, who completed two large works in English: an exhaustive treatise on uroscopy and a very large herbal-cum-medical encyclopaedia. He put together and created a medical and scientific vocabulary in English, and wrote the first serious scientific textbook in the vernacular. His contribution to learning and medical history has been unaccountably neglected; and his contributions to our knowledge of Chaucer's language and society have been largely ignored.


This study aimed to identify the level of skills of the school principal as a supervisor residing in the schools of directorates of education in Karak governorate. The study sample consisted of 142 managers and managers. Followed by (the school curriculum) in the first place and at a high level, came after (administrative and financial) in second place and at an average level and then came after (professional growth of teachers) in the third place and the average level, and then came after (evaluation of school work) Fourth, at an average level, while "student affairs" came last and at an average level. The results of the study showed that there are statistically significant differences in the perceptions of the members of the study sample towards the level of skills of the school principal as a resident supervisor in the schools of the governorates of Karak governorate due to the gender variable and the females benefit, and differences in experience for the benefit of the longest experience. The study recommended that school principals should take care of developing themselves and follow up on educational developments, developments related to their role as resident supervisors, increasing attention to training courses for school principals and introducing them to new developments in education, especially in the field of school administration.


The Covid-19 pandemic in the world keeps increasing until now. This is the reason that the researcher chose one research related to how the students of the National University of Battambang of Cambodia perceive online reading materials to improve their reading capacity. Mix method was conducted in this research. There were 50 participants joining this research. In quantitative analysis, the participants were asked to answer 63 items of the survey questionnaires with 4 answer options, namely strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree. In addition, 21 interview questions were used to conduct qualitative data which were responded by 10 selected interviewees. The results displayed that students had a positive perception of using online reading material. However, they met some problems like facing bad internet connection, having inappropriate electronic devices, experiencing screen light problems, being not able to buy suitable electronic devices to support online reading material, being not good at using suitable terms for searching topics, did not know suitable reading strategies, coming with eyes problem, and concerning about privacy and security. This study pushed students to gain precious knowledge through using online reading material especially, upgrading their reading capacity and achieving their learning goals.


In this study 100 sorghum accessions were evaluated at post flowering drought stress condition
based on eight different morpho-physiological traits viz., days to 50 per cent flowering, leaf area
index, SPAD chlorophyll, relative water content, plant height, proline, stay-green and grain yield.
The analysis was subjected to mean performance and genetic diversity. Further, the diversity
of 100 genotypes was studied based on D2 statistics and grouped into 11 different clusters and
each cluster revealed considerable amount of genetic diversity. Inter cluster distance and cluster
mean have also been studied for these genotypes. The genotypes IS23399, DRT1030, MS7735,
KO5SS53, KO5SS186 and B35 under cluster III were identified as superior genotypes with high
mean performance for all the eight traits for post-flowering drought tolerance and could be used
in genetic improvement programmes.


"Becoming a member of the larger group has given us more bargaining power in the health care marketplace, so we've been able to get better health care, not only for us but for our staff," says one urologist.


Angioedema is a relatively common clinical disorder. Although most cases are idiopathic, the use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors is a well recognized cause of angioedema and a further rare but important diagnostic consideration is acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency. We discuss the diagnosis of C1 inhibitor deficiency in angioedema, with reference to a case in which the diagnosis was initially masked by the use of corticosteroids, which normalized the C1 inhibitor level.


There is no standard and sophisticated experimental teaching evaluation system in university currently even experimental teaching is an important part of practice teaching, which results in lacking of standardization and systematization during experimental teaching. Directing to the problems, this paper constructed an experimental teaching evaluation index system and proposed an evaluation method based on AHP(analytic hierarchy process) and fuzzy mathematical evaluation method, which calculates the corresponding weights for each index and evaluates teaching effectiveness using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and comes to the evaluation results, finally this method was applied to evaluate the experimental teaching process in university fundamental computer course, which showed the validity and reliability of the evaluation system.


Improvement of land reclamation methods and ecological state of the soils is essential for the sustainable development of agriculture in Armenia. The aim of the current work is to study the chemical composition of the irrigated meadowbrown soils with an area of 25 hectares in the village of Araksavan.
The results of the study showed that this land plot is not homogeneous in chemical composition. The studied soils are saline and alkaline, and without any chemical reclamation it is impossible to use them in agriculture. Thus, it is recommended to conduct chemical reclamation activities in the mentioned land area.


An overlap auxiliary ventilation system is very often used for driving roadways in methane-rich coal seams. An overlap zone between the outlets of the forcing duct ends with a whirl flow air-duct (WFAD) and the exhaust duct ends with a dust scrubber that is created by applying the overlap system. This study examines the distribution of methane concentrations at various distances in the overlap zone. Maintaining a long overlap zone could increase the advance of the face. Therefore, the impact of overlap zone length on the methane concentration distribution, in and beyond the overlap zone, is investigated. The evaluation of methane concentrations is performed utilizing a well-established computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach. The mathematical model of methane emissions into the roadway is adopted. Moreover, the CFD model is validated. A vortex of the return air, caused by the free airstream flowing out of the dust scrubber, is found. This air vortex is responsible for higher methane concentrations at the end of the overlap zone. Therefore, the conclusion can be drawn that maintaining the length of the overlap zone at 5 m to 10 m should be done to control permissible methane concentrations.


Goal of this project is to determine the consumption of Np-237, Pu-240, Am-241, and Am-243 in the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) fuel cycle. These four actinides set the long term waste management criteria for spent nuclear fuel; if it can be demonstrated that they can be efficiently consumed in the IFR, then requirements for nuclear waste repositories can be much less demanding. Irradiations in the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) at Argonne National Laboratory`s site near Idaho Falls, Idaho, will be conducted to determine fission and transmutation rates for the four nuclides. The experimental effort involves target package design, fabrication, quality assurance, and irradiation. Post irradiation analyses are required to determine the fission rates and neutron spectra in the EBR-II core.


The recommendations for management of fever have changed throughout the course of history, as has the very concept of fever. It has changed from something viewed as a diagnosis in its own right to a sign of something to be measured and as a trigger for a diagnostic trail to be made.


Immunity in the gastrointestinal tract is important for resistance to many pathogens, but the memory T cells that mediate such immunity are poorly characterized. In this study, we show that following sterile cure of a primary infection with the gastrointestinal parasite Trichuris muris , memory CD4 (cid:1) T cells persist in the draining mesenteric lymph node and protect mice against reinfection. The memory CD4 (cid:1) T cells that developed were a heterogeneous population, consisting of both CD62L high central memory T cells (T CM ) and CD62L low effector memory T cells (T EM ) that were competent to produce the Th type 2 effector cytokine, IL-4. Unlike memory T cells that develop following exposure to several other pathogens, both CD4 (cid:1) T CM and T EM populations persisted in the absence of chronic infection, and, critically, both populations were able to transfer protective immunity to naive recipients. CD62L high CD4 (cid:1) T CM were not apparent early after infection, but emerged following clearance of primary infection, suggesting that they may be derived from CD4 (cid:1) T EM . Consistent with this theory, transfer of CD62L low CD4 (cid:1) T EM into naive recipients resulted in the development of a population of protective CD62L high CD4 (cid:1) T CM . Taken together, these studies show that distinct subsets of memory CD4 (cid:1) T cells develop after infection with Trichuris , persist in the GALT, and mediate protective immunity to rechallenge. The Journal of Immunology, 2006, 177: 511–518.


Schools of Brookline, Massachusetts, 333 Washington St., Brookline 02146. I N ALMOST EVERY CLASSROOM, we can find a number of pupils who are neither careful nor talented spellers. The intent of this paper is to distinguish which of these are the learning-disabled spellers-pupils with a basic deficit in one or more of the basic processes necessary for the spelling task. The early reading process requires making associations between oral language symbols and their visual representations, i.e., transducing from the phonemic to the graphemic.l (H. B. Birch,


s Voorjaarsdagen 2007 | 211 simplicity and low morbidity it is often used as a first line treatment option for articular cartilage defect repair in humans. In horses the microfracture or micropick technique is strongly advocated due to economics and ease of application. However, scientific evidence for horses is still limited but individual experiences are promising. Osteochondral techniques These techniques involve transplanting single (large, arthrotomy) or multiple (small, arthroscopy) osteochondral plugs from less loaded areas or using donor tissue. A wide range of reasonable to excellent results have been described in humans and individual experiences seem favourable in horses too. However, technical skills are demanding and autografts can only be harvested from a limited area in horses. Furthermore, insufficient proof exists that this procedure does not induce arthritic deformation, as matrix integrity and joint homeostasis are disturbed. Allograft osteochondral transplants provide the advantage of matching size and geometry of the full defect but storage influences and disease transmission remain to be addressed. Perichondral/periosteal transplantation With this technique chondral lesions are treated with debridement and transplantation of costal perichondrium or periostal grafts. Progenitor cells from the cambial layer are, in a synovial joint environment, responsible for defect filling with cells and extracellular matrix. Promising short term clinical results are reported but long term results seem to be disappointing. Autologous chondrocyte transplantation (ACT) ACT is a FDA approved technique to treat articular cartilage injury in man and used worldwide. It is a two stage-procedure in which articular cartilage biopsies are harvested arthroscopically, propagated ex vivo in cell culture, and later implanted under an autogenous periosteal tissue patch. Clinical outcome in multiple studies in man have reported good to excellent results and preliminary results in equine studies are promising. Tissue engineering Tissue engineering aims at reproduction of tissue with similar structural and biological properties for functional replacement of tissue. Cells (mesenchymal stem cells, ear chondrocytes etc.), biological or artificial matrices (hyaluronic acid, silk, polylactic acid, recombinant collagen etc.) and stimulating factors (transforming growth factor-beta, insulin-like growth factor-1 etc.) are used to form hyaline cartilage for articular cartilage repair. In conclusion, several techniques are being developed and tested in vitro, in vivo and clinically in humans, horses and other animals. Some of them are even being used in daily practice. However, so far there is no single therapy that provides an overall solution and can claim true functional and durable repair of articular cartilage. A reference list is available from the author 05 p209-258.indd 211 11-04-2007 09:02:18


Bamboo fiber is a new kind of textile material. In this paper, based on masses of experiments, the performance of the bamboo fiber and its knitted fabric were studied.


"Hydroxamate Siderophores: Occurrence and Importance in the Atlantic Ocean" by Edward Mawji, Martha Gledhill, James A. Milton, and Eric P. Achterberg, University of Southampton (U.K.); Glen A. Tarran, Plymouth Marine Laboratory (U.K.); Simon Ussher, University of Plymouth (U.K.); Anu Thompson and George A. Wolff, University of Liverpool (U.K.); Paul J. Worsfold, University of Plymouth (U.K.), 2008, 42 (23), 8675-8686; DOI 10.1021/es801884r. "Give me a half tanker of iron," joked oceanographer John Martin in 1989, "and I will give you an Ice Age." Martin wanted to provoke a reaction when he made this blunt comment as a way of summing up his hypothesis that biological growth in the ocean was limited by iron. Seeding a section of the ocean with iron would cause phytoplankton to flourish, he hypothesized. The phytoplankton would act like a CO2 pump by incorporating CO2 into their bodies. Then, after the phytoplankton died, the CO2 would sink along with them to the depths of the ocean. This would remove the greenhouse gas from the atmosphere and hence could greatly reduce global warming. Fifteen years ago, Martin's ideas inspired Martha Gledhill, then a young Ph.D. student at the University of Liverpool (U.K.), to begin the research that would lead to one of ES&T 's top papers of 2008. She wanted to study the chemical speciation of iron in the surface ocean because that speciation was likely to play a big role in the iron's availability. Gledhill, now a marine biogeochemist at the University of Southampton (U.K.), knew that terrestrial bacteria can scavenge the iron they need. They secrete siderophores, compounds that dissolve iron by forming soluble compounds, or complexes, with the metal ion. The bacteria can then take up these complexes to utilize the iron. Gledhill thought it likely that marine bacteria would use a similar mechanism. As for the phytoplankton and how they made use


A numerical analysis is carried out for turbulent forced convective heat transfer to water flowing inside a fouled tube of aluminum-brass or titanium, which is locally heated with uniform heat flux density from the outer tube surface. The results of the axial and radial distributions of temperature and the axial distributions of heat flux density at the fouling-fluid interface are shown graphically. Heat flow within the tube wall in the upstream and downstream direction is remarkable, especially in the case of a thick tube wall, short heated length, high thermal conductivity of the tube material, and heavy fouling. In these cases a simple relationship between the Nusselt number and Reynolds number cannot be obtained. An analysis for no tube wall thickness and no fouling is also made, and the Nu-Re relationship with a parameter of heated length to inner tube diameter is presented.


I t is with great pleasure that I introduce the latest Hand and Wrist section of Current Orthopaedic Practice with a focus on Hand and Wrist Trauma. Our contributors have authored a stellar group of updated manuscripts on soft-tissue and bony injuries, drawing from the most recent literature published within the past 2 years. These contributors were chosen to participate because they are both nationally and internationally recognized and respected within the field of hand and upper extremity surgery, and I am thankful to them all for their outstanding contributions on these pages. Starting distally, Bryan Whitfield and Scott Edwards authored a nice update on fingertip injuries and their treatment, regarding soft-tissue coverage of defects and new techniques of treating mallet fingers. Ryo Kakinoki and Scott Duncan discuss the latest concepts of treating phalangeal fractures. In a well-organized manuscript, they address all of the challenging aspects of treating these often difficult fractures and update us on the latest regarding hemihamate arthroplasty to reconstruct comminuted proximal interphalangeal fracture dislocations. Matthew Seung Suk Choi, Jang Hyun Lee, Se Hwi Ki, and Hee Chang Ahn update us on digital amputations and replantation. This field remains an area of constant evolution, and these authors present new tips and techniques in treating these challenging injuries. Marco Rizzo with colleagues, Peter Rhee and Hillary Becker, educate us on metacarpal fractures. Just when we thought we knew everything there is to know about metacarpal fractures, the authors remind us that the treatment of these fractures remain an area of active research, particularly with different modes of fixation (bioabsorbable implants, varying patterns of plate and screw constructs, intramedullary implants), striving to identify the ideal method of treatment to minimize complications after surgical treatment of these ubiquitous injuries (although the authors point out that nonsurgical treatment remains the mainstay). Tom Hughes and Colin Braebender focus on the latest in scaphoid fracture and nonunion treatment. They had the unenviable task of distilling the most salient recent studies regarding the eternal question of cast versus surgery for these common injuries, and then also explore the latest on treating nonunions with vascularized grafts. Dan Zlotolow and Ray Raven provide an update of the recent controversies in the treatment of distal radial fractures. Clearly an area of immense amounts of research, they focus primarily on the most common complications seen after volar plating of distal radial fractures and how to avoid them. Abdo Bachoura and Eon Shin discuss thumb fractures. Similar to metacarpal and phalangeal fractures of the digits, treatment of these injuries continues to evolve as newer implants and techniques (including arthroscopic-assisted) become available, and some of these are presented. Zahab Ahsan and I discuss ligamentous injuries of the hand. While treatment of these injuries has not changed much (the majority should be treated nonsurgically), we present a few new concepts regarding the reconstruction of chronic injuries and treating those that do not respond to nonsurgical management. Scott Hadley and Steve Lee present the latest on perilunate injuries. These injuries can be devastating and have many potential complications. Thankfully, although most patients demonstrate progressive radiographic degeneration after these injuries, functional scores remain adequate. Scott Murch, Marco Rizzo, and Robert Kaufmann deftly educate us on the distal radioulnar joint. We continue to gain understanding of this highly complex joint and learn how to better treat patients with the dreaded ulnar-sided wrist pain. Josh Abzug and Dan Zlotolow update us on the most recent literature regarding pediatric fractures of the hand and wrist. Recent trends within the pediatric literature suggest that we should be considering these fractures as we do their adult counterparts. The question of when to operate on these fractures versus when to treat them with immobilization is also discussed. Brian Carlsen, Hatem Amer, and Steve Moran provide the latest information on hand allotransplantation. This topic is an area of intense recent interest at both the academic and governmental levels, and the authors do an admirable job in presenting the most recent developments regarding the indications, the procedure, and the outcomes of this exciting concept. Last, but certainly not least, Andre Cheah and Alphonsus Chong update us on the latest concepts of softtissue coverage of the hand. This field is ever-evolving, with new flaps and coverage techniques being introduced all the time. The authors present an update on several recent concepts and newer flaps that may be useful in the hand surgeon's armamentarium. The authors have dedicated a significant amount of time and effort to compile these manuscripts for the Special Focus on Hand and Wrist Trauma, and for that I am indebted to them. I have learned an enormous amount from this comprehensive collection of well-written updates, and I believe our readers will as well. Stanford University Medical Center, Redwood City, CA Financial Disclosure: The author reports no financial conflicts of interest. Dr. Yao is a paid consultant for Arthrex, Smith and Nephew Endoscopy, and Axogen. He has received grants from ASFH and payment for lectureships and royalties from Arthrex and Trimed. Correspondence to Jeffrey Yao, MD, Stanford University Medical Center, 450 Broadway Street, Suite C442, Redwood City, CA 94063 Tel: þ650 721 7635; fax: þ650 721 3470; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 1940-7041 r 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins E D I T O R I A L


The selection of Basic Probability Assignmen(tBPA) function is difficult in the information fusion algorithm of D-S evidential reasoning.This paper studies the theory of extenics set and the essence of extenic correlation function,puts forward the standardization of extenics correlation function and considers the BPA function of evidential body for classified proposition.Dempster combination method is applied to get total confidence assignment,thereby multi-resource information fusion is realized.The results of simulating test show that this algorithm is dependable and effective.


The state of the art talk which accompanies this entry in the WSC proceedings presents a working definition for "web-based simulation" as well as a methodology for constructing model repositories, connected to the web. The methodology, Object-Oriented Physical Modeling (OOPM), defines a formal approach to constructing both natural and artificial systems using an extension of the classical object-oriented framework as defined in software engineering and programming language design. The extension is one where class attributes and methods can take on models as values. The end result of OOPM design is a model repository, which is integrated with the web and made available to others on the Internet so that models can be constructed in a "plug and play" fashion.


Abstract : Malaria is a global health problem and remains a significant health problem for US military forces deployed to the tropics and subtropics. Existing antimalarial agents are either toxic or of diminished efficacy. We have discovered a new and novel class of antimalarial drugs which inhibit the process of heme polymerization. Extensive synthesis of analogs of the parent compound, X5, provided critical information on the structure-activity relationships which govern activity. Based on the knowledge gained from these studies we have now employed computer assisted drug design to produce drugs with enhance selectivity and potency.


This talk will discuss the application of flash LADAR sensors, which provide a direct measurement of range under any lighting conditions, to rendezvous, proximity operations, docking, landing/hazard avoidance and surface navigation.


PURPOSE
To investigate the characteristic changes of the TMJ stress distributions, before and after SSRO for treating the skeletal class III malocclusion, being during centric occlusion.

METHODS
CT scan was used to obtain 2-D transverse image of maxilla and mandible. Finite element models were established before and after SSRO. An analysis of the stress, strain, and displacement of TMJ configurations was done by three-finite element method. Paired t test was used to compare the stress before and after operation.

RESULTS
The Von Mises stress on TMJ configurations was found to decrease significantly after mandibular set-back SSRO; The maximal and minimal principal stress and maximal displacement were also found to decrease after surgery; The stress of both sides of the TMJ was found to distribute symmetrically.

CONCLUSION
Oral and maxillofacial deformity was treated by orthognathics surgery, jaws were repositional that induce the changes of the TMJ stress, the upper and lower further study should be done to determine the stress changes effecting the function and health of TMJ.


In the present study plasma lithium concentrations have been shown to be significantly higher in rats which were given lithium chloride (LiCl) and subjected to stress and given both LiO and indomethacin and subjected to stress than those which were given only LiO. Renal prostaglandins are important mediators of renal electrolyte excretion. When the previous report on the inhibitory effect of acute stress on the endogenous gastric prostaglandin synthesis was taken into consideration, our results suggest that acute stress may lead to increased plasma lithium levels by inhibiting renal PG synthesis similar to the effect of indomethacin.


Abstract : The purpose of the research performed under this contract was to eliminate the influence of collisions on the infrared multiphoton excitation of poly-atomic molecules as much as possible, and to study the exchange and distribution of energy within an isolated polyatomic molecule. Extremely rapid equilibration of absorbed energy among the different modes was observed. New experiments involving time-resolved Raman spectroscopy of infrared multiphoton-excited molecules have, for the first time, provided more direct, quantitative information on intramolecular energy transfer. (Author)


Measuring tinnitus in laboratory animals is difficult, involving weeks or months of operant training. Preliminary data suggest that rapid screening for tinnitus in rats can be accomplished using an unconditioned acoustic startle reflex. In control animals, a gap in an otherwise constant acoustic background inhibits a subsequent startle response to a sound impulse. If, however, the background signal is qualitatively similar to the animal's tinnitus, poorer detection of the gap and less inhibition of the startle might be expected. Fourteen animals with putative tinnitus at 10 kHz and 13 control animals were tested for gap detection using three different background signals: broadband noise, and filtered bandpass noise centered either at 16 kHz (15.5–16.5 kHz) or at their suspected tinnitus locus of 10 kHz (9.5–10.5 kHz). As predicted, animals with evidence of tinnitus exhibited significantly worse gap detection at 10 kHz, and were not significantly different than control animals at 16 kHz and broadband noise...


Let $R$ be a Krull domain, complete with respect
to a nonzero ideal. Let $K$ be the quotient field
of~$R$. We prove that every finite split embedding
problem is solvable over every function field in
one variable over~$K$. If $\dim R 1$, then every
finite split embedding problem over $K$ is solvable.


Systematic evolution of a successful system requires knowledge of similarities and differences among the released systems. The more detailed and accurate the knowledge, the easier the development of new releases via reuse of functionality already implemented in the past releases. Software Configuration Management (SCM) tools such as CVS are commonly used in industry to support evolution. CVS stores component versions and their configurations that appeared in past releases. Changes among any two component versions can be easily obtained. In this paper, we analyze problems with effective support for evolution with CVS. The paper is built around an experiment in which we emulate evolutionary changes, and analyze program modifications involved in accomplishing those changes. The main problems that we observed are: (1) the difficulty to control explosion of component versions in view of many new features and feature dependencies arising in evolution, (2) the difficulty to reuse functionality implemented in past releases in building new releases, (3) the difficulty to effectively propagate new features to selected releases, (4) the lack of a mechanism to accumulate and explicate the knowledge of similarities and differences among released systems, and (5) uncontrolled growth of the overall complexity of evolution knowledge caused by that. We argue that many of those problems are difficult to solve with SCMs, as long as we manage evolution in terms of concrete component versions. As a possible treatment of the above problems, we outline an alternative approach to software evolution, in which rather than storing versions of concrete components, we store the knowledge of how to obtain required component versions and their configurations from generic meta-components.


The quasi-hydrodynamical model for bipolar semiconductor devices in thermal equilibrium admits in general solutions for which the non-negative electron- or hole-density is not strict positive. In this paper sufficient conditions depending on the device's data which lead to or prevent vacuum are presented. The transformation of the model equations to a single semilinear elliptic mixed boundary value problem for the electrostatic potential V reduces the vacuum-non-vacuum discussion to an investigation of the range of V. Monotonicity arguments and the employment of local sub- and supersolutions allow to estimate the size as well as the distance from the Dirichlet boundary of the respective vacuum sets. An one-dimensional model is analysed in some detail.


tentative identification, by process of elimination, of the controversial Hausa of Shabeni and Jackson as Alkalawa of Gobir. There are two excellent maps. The Association's records, as Mr. Hallett points out, cannot yet be considered complete, but he and the Royal Geographical Society are to be congratulated on making available such a very readable, useful, and well-produced (if expensive) volume of source materials dealing with the beginnings of that great century of Europe's intellectual and geographical discovery of Africa before it became the era of economic and political development.


This study is an investigation of the psychological and social consequences of redundancy and unemployment. A sample of redundant adults was monitored for the first six months following job loss. They were interviewed every four weeks and data concerning psychiatric symptoms, level and direction of hostility, self-concept, social attitudes, interpersonal relations and family relationships were collected on each occasion. A matched control group of employed workers was also recruited and monitored. Significant differences between the unemployed who remained without work for the duration of the study and employed subjects were found on the measures of symptomatology, hostility, guilt, self-satisfaction, acceptance by others and family role behaviour. In each case the redundant workers manifested the greater personal distress. Although there were no significant differences between the male and female unemployed, unemployment was experienced differently by each sex. Previous writers have suggested a stage theory of unemployment which is characterized by four principal stages: anticipation—optimism—pessimism—fatalism. The results of this study failed to confirm a stage model of unemployment.


We present an analysis of price systems in securities markets with infinitely many time periods and infinitely many uncertain states of the world. A key result is that a Markov price system (MPS) has a unique representation in terms of the returns on a known set of bonds. The result implies that securities prices are the discounted value of dividends, where discount factors are the reciprocal of the returns on a long‐horizon discount bond.


Metasurface is a kind of functional device based on assemblies of subwavelength structures, which can perform multiple operations on light modulation, such as phase, amplitude and polarization modulation. However, due to the difficulty of design and high processing cost of three-dimensional nano-structure, it is far from practical applications. In this paper, we propose a method to replicate the metasurface structure at room temperature using Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL), the process including: use electron beam lithography to fabricate metasurface structure as the master for NIL; transfer the inverse structure of metasurface onto the PET substrate as the working NIL stamp; imprint the metasurface structure into proper UV resist as the metasurface holographic substrate. The imprinted metasurface structure was characterized by SEM, and the image information recorded inside the metasurface structure was reproduced by laser illumination, which proved the effectiveness of the proposed method.


We will show under minimal conditions on di erentiability and dependence that the central limit theorem for quantiles holds and that the block bootstrap is weakly consistent. Under slightly stronger conditions, the bootstrap is strongly consistent. Without the di erentiability condition, quantiles might have a non-normal asymptotic distribution and the bootstrap might fail. 1. Limit Behaviour of Quantiles Let (Xn)n∈Z be a stationary sequence of real-valued random variables with distribution function F and p ∈ (0, 1). Then the p-quantile tp of F is de ned as tp := F −1 (p) := inf { t ∈ R ∣∣F (t) ≥ p} and can be estimated by the empirical p-quantile, i.e. the dnp e-th order statistic of the sample X1 . . . , Xn. This also can be expressed as the p-quantile F −1 n (p) of the empirical distribution function Fn (t) := 1 n ∑n i=1 1Xi≤t. It is clear that F−1 n (p) is greater than tp i Fn (tp) is smaller than p. In the case of independent random variables, this converse behaviour was exploited by Bahadur [3] to show that the asymptotic behaviour of the quantile F−1 n (p) and the empirical distribution function Fn at the point tp is the same under the condition that F is di erentiable twice in a neighborhood of tp. Ghosh [7] established a weak form of the Bahadur representation, only assuming that F is di erentiable once in tp. He showed that F−1 n (p)− tp = p− Fn (tp) f (tp) +Rn, where f = F ′ is the derivative of the distribution function and Rn = oP ( n− 1 2 ) . As noticed by Lahiri [12], the condition that F is di erentiable is also necessary for the central limit theorem for F−1 n (p). Ghosh and Sukhatme [9] and de Haan and Taconis-Haantjes [10] investigated the noncentral limit theorem for F−1 n (p), if F is not di erentiable, but regular varying. We will extend their results to strongly mixing random variables. There is a broad literature on the Bahadur representation for strongly mixing data. Babu and Singh [2] proved such a representation under an exponentially fast decay of the strong mixing coe cients, this was weakened by Yoshihara [21], Sun [18] and Wendler [20] to a polynomial decay of the strong mixing coe cients. All these articles deal with the case that F is di erentiable. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classi cation. 62G30; 62G09; 60G10.


Anthracycline, a component of effective chemotherapy for certain malignancies, can cause cardiotoxicity, manifested as left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) and heart failure. Two new trials address the role of ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers, effective therapies for established LVSD, in preventing chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity. Neither trial had a double-blind design.

In a single-center study from Italy, 473 consecutive patients without structural heart disease had their troponin I (TnI) levels checked five times within 72 hours after …


The purpose of this experiment was to study the way which could separate,passage and purification of mouse intestine epithelium.Through tissue culture method,this test focused on primary cell culture,using curettage law,difference digest and adherent law to purify cells,with 0.05 percent of try sin to digest passage.The results showed that:by tissue culture,the growth of cells in good condition could be got,after purification,more pure mouse intestinal cells had been got.The cells which could be showed from morphology observation and immunization section test was mice cells.Tissue culture could differentiate and purify epithelial cells which had higher proliferation ability,and conduct passage purified;through immunohistochemical identification,the mice IEC isolated from was positive,that are epithelial cells.


Deconstruction is the trend of philosophical thought which originally appeared in France. In a later period of last century many avant-garde architects began to apply the deconstruction theory to the architectural art practice. The article analyzed all kinds of the deconstruction factors roundly, and put forward the sober philosophical consideration in the utilizing the language of deconstruction architecture.


The article addresses matters concerned with designing the tractor tire test bench with taking into account the shortcomings of its previous designs and considers the possibility of performing tractor tire tests with better energy efficiency and reliability. The existing domestic and foreign test benches are analyzed.
The test bench electric drive power part's functional diagram is proposed along with the power flows and power loss distribution diagram in the bench drives for estimating their power performance characteristics. From the technical point of view, the aim of the development is to reduce the electricity consumption. To this end, the bench is equipped with two additional electric machines operating in regenerative braking modes, thereby ensuring return of energy back to the network (an individual loading induction motor is provided for each tire).
The article describes the bench design, its technical characteristics, requirements for the bench control system, and the technical solution that allows more efficient tire test results to be obtained due to returning energy back to the network and due to the fact that the drive power is now spent only to compensate losses in the bench mechanisms. A vector control system of interconnected electric drives used in the bench is mathematically modeled, and its technical capabilities are investigated. The effectiveness of the proposed solution is proved based on estimating the energy return level to the drive power supply grid.


Motivation is a driving force that is owned by a person to do things that assessed will get success. This impulse makes a person to continue doing activities or behavior to achieve a goal. Motivation is also an encouragement that influence a person to perform an action in order to obtain a fine and maximum goals. The motivation can come from the environment or arise about an individual or external conditions and the motivation that comes from within the individual s own without any influence from the outside (external conditions). Motivation is very important in one s life, the role of motivation as the impetus for someone to take action. This descriptive study describes motivations that influence of utilization library services by students of Petra university. The purpose of this study was to determine how student motivation Petra in doing service utilization in the library. The study population was a student Petra. Samples were taken by purposive, with spesification that student Petra and ever came at least three visits in the last month. It is intended to obtain accurate data, a sample was taken of 100 respondents. From the research conducted using two theories of motivation (Herzberg) when student Petra in doing utilization of library services, which are extrinsic motives is one motivation that arise from outside the individual, the motivation arises from the environment of library (conditions external) and the intrinsic motivation that comes in a mind individuals selfs to engage in activities that will give a success (done with self-awareness) is not got a boost from outside and others (external).


This study focuses on the steady two-dimensional stagnation-point flow of nanofluids over an exponentially stretching/shrinking sheet in presence of homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. Three types of nanoparticles, namely Copper, Alumina and Titania in the water-based fluid with Prandtl number Pr = 6.2 are considered. Similarity transformations are used to transform the partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and are solved numerically using bvp4c solver in Matlab. The influence of various parameters such as solid volume fraction, homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction rate and the stretching/shrinking parameter on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction and heat transfer are explored and presented in the form of graphs and interpreted physically. The results indicate that dual solutions exist for an exponentially shrinking sheet. A stability analysis has been performed to show which solutions are stable and physically realizable. Based on the analysis, the results indicate that the first solutions are stable, while the second solutions are unstable.This study focuses on the steady two-dimensional stagnation-point flow of nanofluids over an exponentially stretching/shrinking sheet in presence of homogeneous-heterogeneous reactions. Three types of nanoparticles, namely Copper, Alumina and Titania in the water-based fluid with Prandtl number Pr = 6.2 are considered. Similarity transformations are used to transform the partial differential equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations and are solved numerically using bvp4c solver in Matlab. The influence of various parameters such as solid volume fraction, homogeneous and heterogeneous reaction rate and the stretching/shrinking parameter on the dimensionless velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction and heat transfer are explored and presented in the form of graphs and interpreted physically. The results indicate that dual solutions exist for an exponentially shrinking sheet. A stability analysis has been performed to show which solutions are stable and physically realizable. Based ...


From the experience of " advice " to a set of Community Councils of Macarao Caracas sector in an attempt to solicit support of local development projects presenting at government; the author takes this experience to make some
reflections on the operation of the " People Power" from two main perspectives:
1- The implications for urban operation is the real way relate and function
Community Councils , and 2- Opportunity that universities might have to create
a new mode of articulation with society, the role of community counseling and
possibilities for new forms of research funding.


Tobacco and alcohol consumption are not only unhealthy, but also potentially bum a hole in household disposable income, reducing expenditure on basic household commodities. Evidence suggests that the impact is higher in lowand middle-income countries and among poorer households. Using the 2015/ 16 Namibia Household Income and Expenditure Survey (NHIES), a nationally representative household-level dataset, this thesis examines the crowding-out effects of tobacco and alcohol expenditure on household resource allocation to food and non-food needs. A system of quadratic conditional Engel curves was estimated for a set of eleven broad groups of commodities using a Three-Stage Least Squares Generalised Method of Moments, an econometric approach that minimises the problem of simultaneity bias. For sensitivity, the study employed two measures of tobacco and alcohol expenditure. The first measure is binary equivalent to one if the household spends on tobacco and/or alcohol. The results suggest that tobacco and alcohol-consuming households spend less on basic commodities such as housing, furnishing, transport, recreation, education, accommodation and health, and spend more on food and clothing. The second measure, household expenditure share on tobacco and/or alcohol, suggests that expenditure on these goods crowds out expenditure on health, education, accommodation and miscellaneous, and crowds in food , clothing, communication and recreation. The analysis is further disaggregated to control for preference heterogeneity of households (some goods and services are perceived differently based on household socioeconomic status). The resu lts point to a vicious circle of poverty where the poor are trapped in poverty by reducing spending on basic household basic needs. The results indicate that any public policy option that reduces the consumption of tobacco and alcohol does not only enhance the associated health benefits, but also helps to improve the living standards of households, especially poor and vulnerable households.


Systematic dialectics is a new phenomenon of modern Materialism.This article tries to illustrate how to enrich,develop and replenish Marxism philosophy based on the viewpoints that the world is of material,material is of movement,movement is of regularity and regularity is recognizable.Additionally this article also tends to indicate that the research of administration theory needs to reveal how to utilize systematic dialectics in administration practice.


The present invention discloses a crawler crane landing the mast and the hydraulic adjustment system control method for adjusting technical field belonging to the crawler crane, comprising a jack cylinder, balance, regulating the pump module, the hydraulic pump, a main controller and a luffing winch control system further comprising a main commutation module, a pressure sensor, an angle sensor and control switch; the main commutation module comprises a first solenoid valve, the second solenoid valve and relief valve. A secondary voltage regulator module will be integrated into the main valve group, the fewer the number of the valve block, the system configuration and simple piping arrangement, no separate control oil source, work is simple and reliable; low-pressure, high-pressure, low-voltage control method then reduce the lifting cylinder working pressure in the long stroke cylinder is bent to avoid the accidents; avoid lifting cylinder pressure overshoot is too large, bending the mast pulled the phenomenon, while the use of automatic control and reduce the intensity of work; using actuating control switch is operated in outdoors, more secure and reliable.


This study was conducted to investigate the effects of stress conditions in Single Comb White Leghorns(WL) and Korean Native Chickens(KNC) that were subjected to a high stocking density(311㎠/chicken) on the amount of telomeric DNA, the rate of DNA fragmentation, and the expression levels of HSPs and HMGCR genes. The telomere shortening rate of the lymphocytes was significantly higher in the stress group than the control. The DNA fragmentation also increased under stress conditions in both breed. The gene expressions of HSP90-α and HSP70 on blood and liver tissues were significantly higher in the stress group than the control, but that of HMGCR was not significant difference between stress and control group. The expressions of HSP90s and HSP70 in KNC were higher than those in WL. From the results of telomeric DNA quantity, total DNA fragmentation, and the expression level of the HSP90s and HSP70 gene, we concluded that the high stocking density was a distinctively stress source in chicken, regardless of breed. However, the effect of chicken breed on the stress response was not found.


Abstract We have investigated the structure and dynamics of confined water in a fully hydrated sodium vermiculite clay by neutron diffraction and neutron spin-echo (NSE) spectroscopy. All measurements were performed with the Q vector parallel to the clay layers. In the case of the diffraction experiments we used both protonated and deuterated water in order to elucidate the interlayer water structure. The structural results support a picture where the intercalated water is generally 'liquid like' with only a small degree of orientational ordering of the water molecules relative to the clay surfaces and other water molecules. The intermediate scattering function S(Q, t) measured by NSE can be described by the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts stretched-exponential function, probably associated with a broad distribution of relaxation times owing to widely different local environments for the water molecules. Some water molecules are strongly interacting with the clay surfaces or the intercalated Na+ ions, whereas the remaining molecules are interacting only with other water molecules. The Q dependence of the average relaxation time is in good agreement with the Gaussian jump-length distribution model for translational diffusion, suggesting that most of the motions on the experimental time scale (3-3000 ps) have a translational character.


The structure and development of the muscles of the bladder and the urethra were investigated in serial sections of human fetuses of 6–20 cm crown-rump length and in serial sections of this area in a newborn male and a 24-year-old adult male. We made the following findings: (1) The detrusor system does not take part in the formation of the urethral muscular system, it only forms a loop around the proximal part of the urethra. (2) The trigonal system forms a true sphincter in both males and females. In males it is more proximal than in females. (3) In the adult males studied, the external sphincter consists of both smooth and striated cir cular muscle. (4) Experience from the female fetus studied suggests that both muscular types are also present in the adult female.


ZSM-5 zeolites with high crystallinity were synthesized using the various templates under hydrothermal condition. The controlling conditions of ZSM-5 zeolites with different morphology and larger crystal were investigated. The crystalline structure,the morphology and porous structure of ZSM-5 zeolites were characterized by means of XRD, SEM and BET techniques. The as-prepared product had rectangular and spherical appearance with high crystallinity and large external surface area.


Abstract. The change of Ni-, Cr-, Cu- contents in maraging steel composition occurring on heating in the subcritical and intercritical interval has been studied by the X-ray spectral microanalysis. Heating in the temperature range from 490 to 550C has resulted in increasing of Ni- Cu- concentrations in the 1iquation austenite when the latter is present in the steel structure as a consequence of several reasons (the large ingot, low level of forging reduction ratio, etc.). The significant enrichment of surface layers of austenite inclusions may probably occur if there are great differences between interphase and intraphase diffusion rates. By varying the thermal treatment and thus the Ni-diffusion in austenite it is possible to create austenite layers with different Ni-contents within a grain or massive martensite and it is also possible to control the material properties.


This article examines middle school and high school student thinking about the law of large numbers, using a coin toss task. The analysis identifies common justification categories for incorrect responses as well as correct responses. These results are then discussed through the lens of in-school mathematical thinking and out-of-school mathematical thinking.


This article sheds light upon a "Chinese" calendar described in the Zīj-i Īlkhānī. In previous studies, some characteristics of the calendar were ascribed to the "Uighurs" However, I will show that it was not originally associated with the Uighur. This "Chinese" calendar was brought to Iran by the Chinese Taoist Fu Mengchi who accompanied his ruler Hülegü. Fu Mengchi informed Nasīr al-Dīn Tūsī of the Chinese calendrical system, which Tūsī described in his Zīj-i Īlkhānī. Soon afterward, the calendar was included in the zīj of Muhyī al-Dīn Maghribī, because it was only used among the Mongol ruling class and their Buddhist servants, who were called Uighur. Muhyī al-Dīn labeled the "Chinese" calendar the "Chinese-Uighur" calendar, and this title was repeated in subsequent zījes. Therefore, modern scholars have regarded the calendar as a product of the Uighurs. However, the title "Uighur" attached to the calendar in later zījes does not reflect the characteristics of the calendar, but rather the circumstances in which it was utilized.


We consider an autonomous dynamical system coming from a coupled system in cascade where the uncoupled part of the system satisfies that the
solutions comes from $-\infty $ and goes to $\infty $ to equilibrium points, and where the coupled part generates asymptotically a gradient-like nonlinear semigroup. Then, the complete model is proved to be also gradient-like. The interest of this extension comes, for instance, in models where a continuum
of equilibrium points holds, and for example a Łojasiewicz-Simon condition is satisfied. Indeed, we illustrate the usefulness of the theory with several examples.


A process for producing particles of type plate comprising the steps of alumina: forming a mixture of nanometer sized particles of a precursor compound of aluminum and a fraction in sufficient volume of a diluent, where the fraction in sufficient volume of diluent is at least 80% of the total volume of the mixture and add a mineralizer to the diluent to form a diluyentemineralizador system; and heat treating the mixture to form alpha alumina particles plate type discrete substantially dispersed in the diluent-mineralizing system, characterized by the step of heat treating the mixture is carried out below the liquidus of the diluent-mineralizing system.


The invention relates to an interface for linking at least two CAN (Controller Area Network) networks to respectively distributed CAN computer nodes. An interface of this type is used to transmit information from one CAN network to another. According to the invention, the interface has a central memory for storing information, each of the CAN networks being allocated its own memory area. This minimises the burden on the central processing unit and makes the interface more flexible for interfacing other networks. The interface is preferably also provided with its own, extra machine bus and a memory access control system to relieve the central processing unit of the additional burden of managing memory accesses.


Purpose: Weight lifting is a good training to control body weight, to correct body shape and to relieve stress. How-ever if the training is continued by inadequate training method and technique, the risks of the shoulder injuries are relatively high. Main Subject: The rotator cuff injury is the most common disorder to wright lifters and often results from the train- ing program of upright row, military press and pectoral deck. The chances of subacromial impingement in these postures are high because the shoulder rotates under the acromion at 90 abduction state. Shoulder instability in weight lifters can develop due to various causes. aepeated microtrauma and excessive abduction and external rotation may result in laxity of the anterior capsular structure, ligament and muscles. Behind the neck and bench press are high risk training postures. Other than those injuries, idiopathic osteolysis of distal clavicle, acromioclavicular separation, pectoralis major muscle rupture, and triceps muscle rupture nay develop. Conclusion: The best treatment option of the shoulder injury to weight lifters is to eliminate the possible risk elements for the weight lifters in training program and to provide proper and prompt treatment as soon as possible.


One of the most promising recent advances in crop protection is the use of pathogen-derived sequences to protect plants against virus infection. In 1986, Powell Abel et al. first showed that tobacco plants transformed with the coat protein (CP) gene of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) subsequently showed resistance to infection with the virus. Since this time, coat protein-mediated protection against many other plant viruses has been shown as has resistance conferred by other viral transgenes. While the mechanism of pathogen-derived resistance is still not fully understood, plants expressing viral coat proteins are already being deployed as a cost-effective method of control. It is essential that any potential environmental risk from the release of CP transgenic plants be addressed now, before any potential damage may be caused. The main areas of concern are heteroencapsidation of superinfecting virus in the transgenically expressed coat protein and recombination between the genome of the incoming virus and the transgenic sequences. Heteroencapsidation is widespread in the natural environment when mixed infections occur and has been documented in economically important plant viruses eg barley yellow dwarf virus in Avena sativa (Creamer et al.,1990 ; Wen and Lister, 1991). By such interactions coat protein properties of one virus can be conferred on a different virus, thereby potentially altering vector relationships and possibly the ability for a virus to move in a non-host plant. Every infection of a CP transgenic plant is essentially a double infection and hence may result in the production of progeny virus with novel phenotypes. Heteroencapsidation in CP transgenic plants has been shown for related (Lecoq et al., 1990) and unrelated viruses (Candelier-Harvey and Hull, 1993). The aim of our work is to study basic factors which could lead to, and affect potential levels of, heteroencapsidation in CP transgenic plants. Thus, viruses which have different structures and different capsid stabilization have been chosen as donors for transgenic CPs and superinfecting viruses. This poster reports initial observations with Alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV) as donor of CP and superinfection by a range of viruses.


Effects of two intensities of spring burn on various aspects of woody plants of a Burkea africana—Ochna pulchra Savanna after one growth season are given. Mortality of woody plants was very low with, for example, that of individuals of Ochna pulchra being between 1 and 5%. Some species where the above-ground parts were often burned away completely, as in  Grewia flavescens , no mortality of individuals occurred. Basal regeneration shoot mass was found to depend parabolically on plant height while the ratio of leaf to twig mass in basal shoot regeneration varied inversely with plant height in  Ochna pulchra . The ability of  Ochna pulchra plants to produce new basal shoots appeared to not only depend on size of the plant but also on the number of basal shoots present prior to the fire. In live Ochna pulchra plants basal regeneration shoot biomass per individual was found to increase exponentially with greater reduction in canopy leaf biomass. This relation was also affected by possible direct heat effects. Basal shoot regeneration mass was found to vary greatly with species and varied from 0,7 g/individual for  Dichapetalum cymosum to 285,6 g/individual for Euclea natalensis . There was a clear tendency for non-suffrutex shrub species to have greater mean basal regeneration shoot mass per plant than that of most tree species. There was a compensatory effect in  Ochna pulchra between number and size of basal regeneration shoots. Standing dead woody plant individuals (before the burn) were either felled by fire or apparently unaffected by fire and there was no selectivity by species. Results of the present study are generally supported by other work on the effects of fire in savanna and some other vegetation types.


ration pneumonia. At a postnatal age of 44 days, the patient weighed 1680 g and she was growing and sucking well in the hospital. She had started oral feeding by this stage; however, there were associated problems with choking, cyanosis and coughing, and she again developed right upper lobe pneumonia. At this point, a barium contrast rapidsequence cine-esophagogram was ordered. A nasogastric tube was inserted to the distal extent of the esophagus, and diluted barium was passed. The films revealed a fistula artifact at the level of T2–3 and contrast entering the trachea (Figure 1). After the problem was identified, surgery was performed through a right lateral cervical incision and the fistula was closed. There were no postoperative complications of recurrent fistula or laryngeal nerve damage.


This paper is concerned with a semantics making no essential use of variables as proposed originally in Quine (1966) and explored in recent works such as Szabolcsi (1987, 1992), Hepple (1990), and Jacobson (1991, 1992a, 1992b). In particular, I take the implementation of this proposed in my previous papers and couple it with a Categorial syntax; the aspect of Categorial Grammar which is crucial here is the premise that there is a tight fit between the syntactic and the semantic combinatorics. Given this coupling, the phenomenon of so-called i-within-i effects follows from one independently motivated assumption about the syntax of common nouns.


The purpose of this research is to understand the effect of the presence of children in the home on the quality of life of clergy and clergy spouses. A survey research design is used involving a random sample of 232 clergy and 169 clergy spouses. Data are collected pertaining to selected variables in the ABC-X model of family stress. Discriminant analysis reveals that the ABC-X model of family stress could be used to predict whether or not clergy and spouses have children in the home. Implications of these findings are discussed.


The invention relates to a device for testing the hair feather state of yarn under the action of high-speed airflow, which comprises a yarn feeding roller, a yarn passage, a compressed air inlet, an annular airflow passage, a yarn observation pipe and a yarn guide roller. The yarn feeding roller and the yarn guide roller are used for fixing yarn, the compressed air inlet is a circular passage andis directly connected with the annular airflow passage, the wall face of the annular airflow passage is in a streamline design, and airflow in the annular airflow passage forms tangential airflow at an inlet of the yarn observation pipe. By changing the supply gas pressure of compressed air, the tangential airflows with different speeds at the inlet of the yarn observation pipe are obtained, thussimulating different running speeds of the yarn, overcoming the defect that the hair feather state of the yarn is difficult to test under the action of high-speed running, and ensuring the accuracy of a test result.


The chief objective of this paper is to illustrate the usefulness of the Carload Waybill Statistics of the Interstate Commerce Commission in market research. Attention is centered on two tasks of regional analysis: (1) describing the outer limits of a region's market areas; (2) determining the region's pattern of specialization and exchange with other regions. Rail commodity statistics are valuable for these purposes not only because they represent more than one-half of the nation's intercity land freight tonnage, but also because rail freight typically consists of longer shipments than does highway freight.1 A secondary objective of this paper is to indicate how the statistical description of rail commodity movements might be fitted into the broader problem of formulating a functional conception of the geographic structure of an economic system. Despite the facts that the Waybill statistics are greatly needed in market and regional analysis, and that they are available free of charge, they seem to have been used very little in market and regional analysis. In most of the few market research publications using this information that have come to this writer's attention, the Waybill statistics have been used mainly to catalogue commodities shipped out of and into a state and to show the corresponding states of destination and origin respectively.2


The DEMATEL( Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) method was used to discover and illustrate factors influence the efficient alliance between agriculture and supermarkets.Conclusion shows that production scale and transaction costs are two key"causing"factors; pricing strategy and settlement strategy are two most influenced factors,while government policy is the most important influencing factor.


In this paper, we show how human network can be found and used on WWW. We proposed a system called kMedia that can assist users to form knowledge for community by showing shared topics networks (STN) among them. kMedia uses bookmarks as users' knowledge because the structure of bookmarks and web pages registered in bookmarks reflect user's interest. We conducted an experiment to know how kMedia can support users. One result is that folder recommendation is more effective than page recommendation. The other is that recommendation is more effective for people belonging to the same real communities than those to different communities. According to these result, we propose a new measurement called "category resemblance" that is recommendation measurement based on resemblance of folder structures. This measurement shows higher than all other system generated parameters and human evaluation to detect human relationship.


Two examples am used to illustrate the natural relationship between inventory difference information and criticality safety as practiced at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Both examples involve the unsuspected holdup of plutonium in furnace beakers. In the first example, material accumulated in a cavity between furnace beaker walls; in the second, material alloyed directly to the beaker wall. In each case, the holdup was detected during the preparation for semiannual inventories that included total shut down and cleanout. Holdup was confirmed by assay and detailed inspection. Criticality safety implications are discussed.


This is a work of philosophy. I begin with that statement because my extensive use of historical and classical texts may cause confusion about this book's methods and goals. As a philosopher, I am comfortable making arguments and conjectures that might be anathema for historians and classicists. Foremost among these are my consistent and insistent comparisons between the ideas and practices of the ancient world and those of the modern day. I understand that there are good reasons to avoid such comparisons, in particular the tendency to reconstruct the ancient world in a way that serves modern tastes or political goals. Ancient sport has been a frequent victim of such treatment. The Greek Olympics have been falsely idealized to promote a class-based notion of amateurism. Roman gladiators have been falsely demonized to promote images of Christian martyrdom (gladiator contests and public executions of Christians who eschewed Roman religious laws were two different things). In this text, I interpret history and classical texts in such a way as to support my thesis of a meaningful connection between ancient sport and virtue that is relevant even today. But I have striven to do so in a way that respects not only historical context but also scholarly demands for evidence and logical consistency. In sum, I seek an understanding of what sport has been in order construct a philosophical vision of what it may become. This is also an interdisciplinary work. As a student-athlete I always valued the balanced opposition of divergent activities. As a scholar I try to maintain a variety of interests and approaches. I believe that academic silos interfere with academic goals when they act as barriers between mutually relevant subjects and methods. My official academic camp (i.e. the subject of my dissertation) is Plato's theory of education, but if I had confined my studies to his writings and the secondary philosophical literature, I would have arrived at much narrower, more impoverished and ultimately less socially relevant understanding of my subject. Instead, I have sought to complement my philosophical training with studies in sports history, ancient cultures, classical philology and even my personal experience as an athlete. I believe that these interdisciplinary excursions enhance the contribution I am able to make to each of fields I am involved in. Not only do I expect an appreciation of athletic competition to enrich our understanding of ancient Greek and Roman philosophy, I expect the philosophical notion of virtue developed in those texts to improve our comprehension of the history of athletics. Finally, and perhaps most important, I hope that the interdisciplinary perspective offered in this book will inspire more holistic and open-minding thinking about the social limitations and possibilities of sport as we practice it today and tomorrow. Viterbo, Italy April, 2010


OSMEAN is a sophisticated FORTRAN algorithm that converts between osculating and mean classical orbit elements. Mean orbit elements are advantageous for trajectory design and maneuver planning since they can be propagated very quickly; however, mean elements cannot describe the exact orbit at any given time. Osculating elements will enable the engineer to give an exact description of an orbit; however, computation costs are significantly higher due to the numerical integration procedure required for propagation. By calculating accurate conversions between osculating and mean orbit elements, OSMEAN allows the engineer to exploit the advantages of each approach for the design and planning of orbital trajectories and maneuver planning. OSMEAN is capable of converting mean elements to osculating elements or vice versa. The conversion is based on modelling of all first order aspherical and lunar-solar gravitation perturbations as well as a second-order aspherical term based on the second degree central body zonal perturbation. OSMEAN is written in FORTRAN 77 for HP 9000 series computers running HP-UX (NPO-18796) and DEC VAX series computers running VMS (NPO-18741). The HP version requires 388K of RAM for execution and the DEC VAX version requires 254K of RAM for execution. Sample input and output are listed in the documentation. Sample input is also provided on the distribution medium. The standard distribution medium for the HP 9000 series version is a .25 inch streaming magnetic IOTAMAT tape cartridge in UNIX tar format. It is also available on a .25 inch streaming magnetic tape cartridge in UNIX tar format or on a 3.5 inch diskette in UNIX tar format. The standard distribution medium for the DEC VAX version is a 1600 BPI 9-track magnetic tape in DEC VAX BACKUP format. It is also available on a TK50 tape cartridge in DEC VAX BACKUP format. OSMEAN was developed on a VAX 6410 in 1989, and was ported to the HP 9000 series platform in 1991. It is a copyrighted work with all copyright vested in NASA.


A network measurement and feedback scheme (MFS) for call admission control channel and resources predictive control in cellular networks is presented in the paper. MFS enhances the wireless resource utilization rate in cellular networks. Compared with normalized resource reservation schemes, MFS reduces the Call Dropping Probability (CDP) and Call Blocking Probability (CBP). Moreover, considering the wireless channel utilization, MFS outperforms the other schemes. An analytical model has been developed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


Forest inventory holds an essential role in forest management and research, but the existing field inventory methods are highly time-consuming and labor-intensive. Here, we developed a simultaneous localization and mapping-based backpack light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system with dual orthogonal laser scanners and an open-source Python package called Forest3D for efficient and accurate forest inventory applications. Two key forest inventory variables, tree height and diameter at breast height (DBH), were extracted at six study sites with different tree species compositions. In addition, the vertical point density distribution and leaf area density (LAD) were calculated for two complex natural forest sites. The results showed that the backpack LiDAR system together with the Forest3D package accurately estimated the tree height (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{2} = 0.65$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, RMSE = 1.90 m) and DBH (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{2} = 0.95$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, RMSE = 0.02 m), which were equivalent to those derived from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS), but with much higher efficiency. The point density of the backpack LiDAR data was higher than or the same as that of the TLS data across all height strata, and the estimated LAD fit well with the TLS estimates (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R^{2} > 0.92$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, RMSE = 0.01 m2/m3). The backpack LiDAR system, along with the Forest3D package, provides an efficient and accurate solution for extracting forest inventory variables, which should be of great interests to forest managers and researchers.


A lubricating composition for use in heavy duty diesel engines which is formulated to allow the use of organo-molybdenum compounds but which overcomes the issue of Cu and/or Pb corrosion and also maintains elastomer seal compatibility. The lubricant is characterized by having a composition comprising (A) an organo-molybdenum compound, (B) an alkylated diphenylamine derivative of triazole, (C) baseoil, and optionally (D) one or more additives selected from the group including antioxidants, dispersants, detergents, anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, friction modifiers, rust inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors, seal swell agents, anti-foaming agents, pour point depressants and viscosity index modifiers.


We describe in some detail the present features of an automatic loop calculation program as well as the integration techniques that go into it. The program, called XLOOPS 1.0, allows one to calculate massive one- and two-loop Feynman diagrams in the Standard Model including their tensor structure. UV divergences in UV divergent integrals are explicitly computed in dimensional regularization. One-loop integrals are calculated analytically in d \neq 4 dimensions whereas two-loop integrals are reduced to two-fold integral representations which the program evaluates numerically. We discuss Higgs decay at the two-loop level as a first application of the novel integration techniques that are incorporated into XLOOPS.


The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on various sectors of the creative industry, especially in the performing arts. The prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused activities in the performing arts sector such as performing arts and music concerts which are usually held regularly to be unable to run. To maintain its existence, O. K Tjong Young Gita Citra Alam held a virtual keroncong music performance through social media platforms. The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the use of social media platforms in organizing virtual keroncong music performances as an effort to maintain the existence and media promotion of musical works. This study uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection techniques were done through observation, interviews, and document studies. Triangulation was carried out to test the validity of the data obtained before being analyzed using the stages of data collection, data presentation, data reduction, and conclusions. The results show that O. K Tjong Young Gita Citra Alam uses social media platforms such as YouTube and Instagram as a medium to organize virtual music performances as a promotion and introduces works and maintains their existence. Social media platforms such as YouTube and Instagram are very effective, practical, and efficient promotional media because information uploaded through YouTube and Instagram accounts can be conveyed easily and can be reached and accessed quickly and easily by people around the world using smartphones, laptops, and computers connected to the internet.


The problem of regional underdevelopment, particularly in tribal India, has long been recognized and more than one political party has campaigned on this issue. The Indian constitution and state and central government development plans have included special clauses aimed at assisting those groups, the tribals or adivasis, who are most affected by the problem. Reports have been commissioned and investigations conducted, but rarely have these ended in constructive or relevant action. The work of anthropologists over a number of generations since the 1920s has perhaps done most to tell us of the real depth of the problem as it has affected central India. Foremost amongst them was W. V. Grigson, the aboriginal tribes enquiry officer of the government of the Central Provinces and Berar, whose 1944 report stands as the most comprehensive study available of the condition of the tribal peoples of this region at the end of the colonial period.


Tibetan regions are part and parcel of the autonomy of national regionality.National legislative power is an important guarantee of realizing the autonomy of autonomous regions of the Tibetans.National lawmaking in Tibetan regions has made rapid progress and has provided legal assurance for social economic growth in the Tibetan regions.This paper probes into the main problems and the corresponding completing measures in national lawmaking in the current Tibetan autonomous region,autonomous prefecture and autonomous counties.


Rhizobium trifolii strain TA-1, produces one of each of the exocellular polysaccharides EPS, CPS and β-1,2-glucans as a major product during cultivation in glutamic acid-mannitol-salts (GMS) medium at 25°. In batch culture, the major exocellular polysaccharide product was acidic exopolysaccharide (EPS) under conditions of air saturation; capsular polysaccharide (CPS) under conditions of N-limitation and moderate oxygen supply; and cyclic β-1,2-glucans at high cell density and severe oxygen limitation.