If you google the phrase "the oldest profession," a Wikipedia page pops up highlighting the conventional meaning of this phrase (common since World War I): (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldest_profession_%28phrase%29), but the site also lists teaching as the "oldest profession." And why not? Humans aren't the only animals that teach. This suggests that the teaching profession is much older than any other. Behaviorists define teaching as when an animal (the pupil, usually an offspring) acquires skills after observing the teacher (usually a mother) perform a behavior. The teacher performs this behavior in the presence of the pupil, and at some physiological cost to itself (Bradbury and Vehrencamp, 2011). Teaching can be considered an evolved trait when benefits gained by the teacher after a pupil's learning are greater than any physiological cost to the teacher. These benefits are a function of how much better the pupil performs a task than others without training (Bradbury and Vehrencamp, 2011). There are clear examples of non-human teaching that fit the definition above; Bradbury and Vehrencamp (2011) describe them in termites, birds, mercats and various solitary carnivores. Thus, we neuroscience educators practice a "profession" that probably evolved before humans, who have refined and greatly extended this ancient tradition on a grand social scale!

The JUNE wheel turns and this is my first issue as Editor-in-Chief of our Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience (FUN) journal. Previous Editor-in-Chief Eric Wiertelak moves to Senior Editor, Raddy Ramos joins the core JUNE editorial team as Associate Editor, and Fern Duncan continues her essential role as JUNE Producer. I have relied heavily on these three for direction, advice, encouragement and support as I begin to understand and execute the duties of my new vocation.

Since assuming the role of JUNE Editor-in-Chief, I have had several experiences that made me consider deeply our impact as educators. Two specific and recent personal events erased any doubts I may have had about devoting most of my professional life to neuroscience teaching. First, at lunch with a colleague, I expressed that my scientific productivity did not match the high level of training I received in rich and exciting neuroscience environments, especially as a Ph.D. student at the Marine Biological Laboratory and as a post-doc and research associate at Cornell. My colleague commented that my real impact was on the generations of undergraduates I have taught and mentored in 30 years at Cornell. He noted that a few dozen more scientific papers would never match the influence that my teaching had on shaping future science. A second and poignant reminder of our influence on students came from the parents of a young undergrad who died recently of complications from lupus. Bruce Land, a Cornell engineer, and I both knew her as an excellent student in separate courses that we teach. When we learned she was sick, we offered her an amplifier design project she could do under our direction at home. We exchanged emails over several months to encourage and follow her progress. Suddenly, her emails stopped. Her parents expressed their appreciation that this project gave her joy and a purpose each day. It's not often, thankfully, that we receive such a strong affirmation of our teaching and mentoring.

I want to mention some neuroscience educators who have recently been appreciated by our FUN community. Our JUNE "Editor's Choice Award" honors authors who have submitted especially good papers. In 2015 we chose for "Outstanding Neuroscience Pedagogy" an article that describes the development of teaching activities for a freshman neuroscience class. It focuses on scientific grant writing to promote critical thinking and writing skills (Kover et al., 2014). Our award for "Outstanding Neuroscience Laboratory Article" highlights a digital laboratory module that introduces students to basic techniques in molecular neuroscience (Grisham et al., 2015). Also in 2015 at the Society for Neuroscience meeting in Chicago, FUN gave out faculty awards for Lifetime Achievement (Steven Zottoli), Career Achievement (Lee Coates), FUN Educator of the Year (Mary Morrison), FUN Service (Jennifer Yates) and FUN Mentor (Anthony Kline). See [http://www.funfaculty.org/drupal/node/455] for a full listing of past FUN Faculty Awards. These educators who have been publically acknowledged for creatively expanding the knowledge and life skills of our students are only the tip of the iceberg.

This brings me to the content of this JUNE issue. We present five opinion pieces on the following topics; training undergraduate and graduate students for outreach programs in Africa (Karikari et al.), an update on the exciting evolution of Nu Rho Psi, The National Honor Society in Neuroscience (Hesp et al.), an introduction to our new "Case Studies" feature (Wiertelak et al.), a useful guide to seeking faculty positions at PUIs (Ramirez), and a convincing argument for the inclusion of under-represented minorities into mainstream training programs (Vega & Colon-Berlingeri). The main articles begin with a detailed analysis of undergraduate neuroscience students applying to osteopathic medical schools and their motivations for doing so (Ramos et al.). Four of these articles present or discuss the following student laboratory techniques or exercises: event related potentials using EEG procedures (Nyhus and Curtis), in vivo optogenetics techniques for the student laboratory (Roberts et al.), student manufacture and use of EMG equipment to encourage interdisciplinary skills (Crisp et al.), and investigating neurodegeneration with commercially available mammalian neurons (Catlin et al.). Another article describes success in changing middle school students' attitudes about science in Ghana after participating in neuroscience outreach activities taught by undergraduate and graduate students (Yawson et al.). Descriptions of three innovative courses provide information for 1) implementing the federal "Brain Initiative" to instill core concepts and competencies using neuroscience content (Schaefer); 2) using the "C.R.E.A.T.E." method which focuses on a subset of scientific papers to teach scientific methodology and content in a "Pleasure and Pain" course to reduce student attrition (Bodner et al.); and 3) creating students' service based projects that address alcohol abuse in a Pharmacology class (Kennedy). Our new "Case Studies" feature presents the first of a series of case studies, "Nora's Medulla," as an ongoing theme to teach basic neuroscience principles (Roesch and Frenzel). We also present neuroscience book reviews of: LeDoux's Anxious: Using the Brain to Understand and Treat Fear and Anxiety (Cecala), Presti's Foundational Concepts in Neuroscience: A Brain-Mind Odyssey (Milar), and Watson and Breedlove's The Mind's Machine: Foundations of Brain and Behavior (2nd edition) (Johnson and Weldon). Finally, a technical report describes the construction of a "running wheel" to monitor earthworm movements, opening up possibilities to bring more invertebrate lab exercises into the undergraduate behavioral neuroscience lab (Wilson and Johnson).

Let's consider ourselves active practitioners of the "oldest profession." Enjoy the articles in this JUNE issue as examples of faculty sharing their ideas to promote the best practices in neuroscience teaching. Consider submitting your own creative ideas and teaching developments to JUNE. Teach the teachers.


A new trend among international organizations and NGOs is to claim credit for conferring central roles to traditional chiefs in development projects concerned with natural resource management. Oblivious to the complex power relations and internal dynamics at work on the local level, these organizations assume that the reinforcement of traditional systems is the solution to problems such as resource degradation and conflict. This current thinking can, however, result in a wide variety of problems. Similar issues may result from decentralization. Decentralization can also lead to new concentrations of power in a minority. This in turn may reinforce social and economic differences within communities and may create imbalances in the long-term and, therefore, new potential for conflict.


High-temperature crystal structures of BaBiO3-x (x=0∼0.2) were studied by in-situ neutron and X-ray powder diffraction techniques using controlled oxygen pressures. Rietveld profile analysis of the neutron data from BaBiO3 at 900 K has revealed that the structure is cubic with large anisotropic thermal vibration amplitudes of the O ions perpendicular to the Bi–O bonds. For oxygen-deficient BaBiO3-x, both the neutron and X-ray data showed that the system is not a single phase. The X-ray data from BaBiO2.99 at 1010 K indicated a two-phase system comprising a cubic perovskite and a tetragonal structure with a doubled cell. Profile analyses gave refined cell parameters of a=6.293 and c=9.054 Å for the tetragonal phase. In more reduced BaBiO2.8 at 1075 K this tetragonal structure was replaced by another pseudotetragonal structure with a slightly expanded cell.


Considering the large startup current of induction motors,this paper presents a fuzzy control soft starting system.According to the characteristic of induction motor,taking current error and error change rate as input and the angle of thyristor as output,the fuzzy control model for the soft startup of induction motor is established by using the electrical system module and fuzzy logical toolbox in MATLAB software.Also,the simulation is conducted with an actual example.The simulation results show that the fuzzy control soft starting method is better than straight starting.This verifies the correctness and good practicability of the design.


Technology can facilitate the provision of healthcare to older adults. Wearable devices are thus increasingly prevalent amidst perpetual component miniaturization and cost reduction. This study aimed to determine whether existing application (app) interfaces are suitable for older adults by comparing the perceived usability and emotional reactions of younger users and older users to the health information display formats of wearable interfaces. Based on the outcomes of a literature review and expert recommendations, four health display interfaces—text, diagram, image, and animation—were developed and revised. Thirty respondents in Miaoli, Taiwan, were invited to participate in a questionnaire and interviews. The collected data were analyzed and discussed to develop design recommendations. The findings of this study were as follows: (1) the diagram interface had the lowest performance; (2) the respondents preferred the animation interface, which produced strong affective valence, thereby suggesting that animation generated positive emotions, yielding a result consistent with expert views and existing design principles; and (3) older users were more accepting of the text interface than the younger users, who exhibited negative emotions toward the text interface, highlighting a significant generation gap.


The application discloses a method, a device and a system for downloading live broadcast video data, wherein the method comprises the steps as follows: dividing programs as a plurality of classified groups in advance, storing the programs in different classified groups on different servers, and setting a general control server to record a corresponding relation between the program classified groups and stored server addresses, inquiring the corresponding relation while receiving a live broadcast program data request comprising serial number of the request programs transmitted by a client to determine the sever address where the programs are located so as to transmit the live broadcast program data request to the server address or transmitting the live broadcast program data request to the server address via the client to finish the download of the live broadcast program data. Because the data received by the client in the application in unit time is the program data requested by the client, the method, the device and the system of the application are more convenient for analyzing and will not appear a Kartun phenomenon in comparison with prior art.


With the enforcement of the relevant fund laws,fund has gained more concerns than ever formulation.This paper concentrates on some problems in the practical tunning of open-end fund with the theory of information asymmentry.It give some advice on how to understand and avoid the Principal-agent risk.


By using Fermi-Dirac statistics and Kane's model of nonparabolic energy bandfor the narrow gap semiconductors, the intrinsic carrier concentration expression isdeduced as follows: n_i=(1+3.25kT/Eg)9.56(10~(14))Eg~(3/2)T~(3/2)[1+1.9Eg~(3/4)exp(Eg/2kT)]~(-1),which is applicable to the region of x=0.17~0.37 and T≤300 K, where Eg=-0.295+1.87x-0.28x~2+(6-14x+3x~2) (10~(-4))T+0.35x~4. The intrinsic carrier concentrationsof Hg_(1-x)Cd_xTe samples with x=0.19~0.251 are also measured at the region of 77 K≤T≤300 K. The above expression agrees very well with our experimental results, and thedata given by Elliott, Nemirovsky and Finkman, Bajaj et al., within the region of 0.19≤x≤0.29 and 77K≤T≤300K.


Cancer incidence rates vary among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations and often differ from rates among non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs). However, the misclassification of race for AI/AN cancer cases in central cancer registries may have led to underestimates of the AI/AN cancer burden in previous reports.


Objective:To establish a proper model of human breast cancer in nude mice,which paves the way for RNAi-mediated gene therapy in vivo.Methods: MCF-7 cells (ER+) were implanted into the right breast pads of 20 nude mice (1×106 cells per mouse).Tumour growth was observed , and the tumour -bearing mice were killed on 30th day. The tumour masses were removed, and pathologically examined by themicroscope.Results:The tumour tubercles could be seen on the 10th day ,and the tumour-take rate was 95 % (19/20) .All of the specimens were infitrating ductal carcinoma. Conclusions:We succeeded in establishing human breast cancer model in nude mice, which reserved certain biological features of human breast cancer,therefore it may be an available model for further research of this cancer.


For optical interconnection application, typically GaAs light source or Si photodiodes are employed. For the receiver electronics, however, the CMOS technology would be the technology of choice for both the performance and the cost. In this paper, we present a photodetector technology that is completely CMOS compatible and has a novel structure that leads to variable photosensitivity. The latter can be used for both optical switching and logic applications as well.


An application of waste brick in treating sewage is dislcosed, which features that the leftover of brick is mechanically broken to become the granular adsorbent of harmful element (P, etc) in sewage.Its advantages are high adsorptive ability and low cost.


n April 4, 2000, Parliament passed Bill C-6, now known as the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act. Bill C-6 subsequently received Royal Assent on April 13, 2000. Passage was preceded by almost two years of deliberation and sometimes acrimonious debate. Some of this debate, and related acrimony, centred on the concerns that key healthcare stakeholders expressed as to the possible implications of the Act on the health system. In this article, I outline the concerns of these stakeholders and focus on the possible implications of the Act on public hospitals in Canada. By way of caveat, given the scope of the Act and its interrelationship with the numerous statutes and regulations that apply provincially to public hospitals, it is beyond the mandate of this article to offer an in-depth analysis of the possible effects of the Act on hospitals in any particular province. This article provides a broad overview of the Act from the perspective of public hospitals and highlights some of the key areas of concern. It is important to make two points regarding the Act's mandate. First, the Act is an initiative of Industry Canada and is rooted in the federal government's constitutional power to regulate " trade and commerce. " Thus, while healthcare delivery (including the protection of personal health information) is a matter for provincial regulation, the federal government is attempting to rely on its constitutional authority over " trade and commerce " to regulate healthcare delivery in the private sector and in respect of interprovincial and national cross-border exchanges. Given Canada's constitutional framework, one might reasonably take the position that it is a stretch for the federal government to attempt to include personal health information under the Act. Certainly, many key healthcare stakeholders argued against its inclusion during the discussions held in respect of the Act. In fact, although the matter was later disputed by the Minister of Industry, it was alleged during the Senate Committee hearings on Bill C-6 that Industry Canada officials had stated on the record that health information would not be a part of the Act (see the testimony of the Ministry of Industry, Senate Standing Committee 1999, at 27 on-line). Whether or not this is true, it is important to recognize that the Act was never specifically designed as a health information protection act. As such, it is not surprising that the Act, in its present incarnation, fails …


Significant reduction in room‐temperature laser threshold and stimulated emission delay is obtained in diodes made from zinc‐diffused wafers (850°C—3 hours in Zn–As atmosphere) if the single‐diffusion process is modified with multiple diffusions, or, more controllably, by the addition of a post‐annealing step (∼900°C in As atmosphere) following the initial diffusion. Incremental sheet‐conductivity measurements show the zinc concentration gradient is reduced and etching studies show a lowered dislocation density near the junction after annealing. Without an annealing step, diffused‐junction diodes show consistently larger emission delays (observed above ∼200°K) than epitaxial‐junction diodes made from the same n‐type substrates. The deliberate in‐diffusion of high copper concentrations causes large delays even at 77°K. However, copper is probably not the center causing delays near room temperature because a mass spectrographic analysis did not reveal higher copper concentrations in diffused‐junction wafers...


A survey of the 80-year history of the Party has found out that the three prime Party leaders all made great efforts to solve different problems in cultural construction at different stages under the guidance of Marxism. Mao Ze-dong' s cultural view focused on the fundamental way out of cultural construction; Deng Xiao-ping's on the way of flourishing socialist culture in China and Jiang Ze-min' a on the time core and development direction of the Party's cultural construction in the new century.


To regard Chinese popular culture of the Mao era as "propaganda" constructed through the ideological apparatus, is a common approach. However, one can take a different, soberer research position and try to discern other dimensions in the cultural texts of this era. Such a novel, more complex understanding allows us to see vibrant popular culture beyond the obvious ideologically-driven narratives of the Cultural Revolution. The efficacy of this multidimensional view of Maoist popular culture is demonstrated through discussion of several model dramas, especially Red Detachment of Women.


Development of nanoparticulate materials technology is essential to processing of highly functional nanoparticulate materials and components with small and complex shape. In this paper, the effect of particle size on surface roughness and shrinkage of sintered Fe-8 wt%Ni nanopowder components fabricated by PIM were investigated. The Fe-8 wt%Ni nanopowder was prepared by hydrogen reduction of ball-milled Fe 2 O 3 -NiO powder. Feedstock of nanopowder prepared with the wet-milled powder was injection molded into double gear shaped part at 120C. After sintering, the sintered part showed near full densified microstructure having apparently no porosity (98%T.D.). Surface roughness of sintered bulk using nanopowder was less than 815 nm and it was about seven times lower than 7 μm that is typically obtainable from a sintered part produced from PIM.


A village having potential of cultures, especially language, literature, and performing arts is getting more difcult to be found in this millenium era. When the condition is owned by a certain village, it is natural to be accompanied in growing and strengthening the self-awareness of the villagers by maintaining, preserving, and developing those potentials. One of the villages that has potential of Javanese cultures, especially language, literature, and performing arts is Beji Village. Te location of the village is in Ngawen District, Gunungkidul, DIY.Observation and inventory of problems, mapping the problems, taking action in the form ofgiving motivation, counseling, education, and opening the discussion and consultation as widely as possible are the methods of the accompaniment. By implementing those methods, optimal results namely changes in community behavior in terms of awareness, understanding improvement, and capability to manage the potential feld of language, literature, and performing arts that they already have will be achieved.The result of community service in Beji Village, especially in the feld of language shows someerrors and inaccurate uses of the Javanese variety language in daily routine. In addition, there was also some correction and education in writing Java letters in the nameplate in the sub villages. In the literature feld, accompanied by the local society, we succeeded in documenting the writing of folklore based on some heritage sites in the village. In performing arts, not only succeeding in education and counseling, we also established the institutional art groups in the village of Beji.


This article explores the ways in which the European Union fosters the development of civil society in Kosovo. In particular, it focuses on how the EU shapes the role of students and young people as well as the extent to which it contributes to their position in the "bottom-up" capacity building processes in this country. The Union has mainly concentrated its efforts on encouraging student mobility, acknowledging the value of students' experiences gained abroad that could be translated into genuine reform, and enhancing diverse institutional capacities of Kosovan administrations. At the same time, however, it has continuously reaffirmed a broader objective of the European involvement in Kosovo, namely that education of young people ought to help foster social cohesion and aspire to a genuine reflection of the diversity of Kosovan population in the student body (EUA's Contribution to the Bologna Ministerial Meeting, 2007). The rationale behind this article is to account for the current role that the EU plays in fostering the development of civil society in the context of the failure of Kosovo's authorities to produce any satisfying results approaching the achievement of this broader objective. This article identifies opportunities that the Union provides in the area of youth education and empowerment in the context of civil society development. Significantly, it assesses the relevance of these opportunities for current situation and needs of civil society development in Kosovo. The analysis also highlights the most important barriers that are hindering student involvement at various levels of the decision-making process. The broadest question this project addresses is the EU's practical ability to foster the "bottom-up" capacity building in self-government and civil society developments. The reason why the role and the position of students and young people in civil society development is absolutely crucial is that they are highly under-represented in decision-making processes at the university level as well as in political institutions: a very curious situation, given the huge number of people under thirty in this country. Due to their young age, they are also the best potential "targets" of civil society development projects. They can learn the rules and skills of self-organisation and extensive cooperation and the experience they gain may, then, influence public policy and make it easier to address the ethnic and generational conflicts that Kosovo is likely to face in future.


In order to elucidate star formation in the LMC, we made a complete study of CO clouds with NANTEN. In the present paper, we compare 55 giant molecular clouds (GMCs), whose physical quantities were well determined, with young objects, such as young stellar clusters and H II regions. We find that the GMCs are actively forming stars and clusters; 23 and 40 are found to be associated with the clusters and the H II regions, respectively. The clusters associated with the GMCs are significantly young; ∼ 85% of them are younger than∼ 10Myr. In addition, compact groups of the young clusters are often found at the peak position of the GMCs, e.g., N 159 and N 44, while much looser groups are away from the GMCs. This suggests that the clusters are formed in groups and disperse as they become old. The distributions of the CO, [C II], and UV indicate that the GMCs are likely to be rapidly dissipated within several Myr due to UV photons from the clusters. We also estimate the evolutionary time scale of the GMCs; they form stars in a few Myr after their birth, and form clusters during the next few Myr, and are dissipated in the subsequent few Myr.


The embodiment of the invention provides a method, device, terminal and network side equipment for application sharing. The method comprises the steps of receiving information sent by the network side equipment when the terminal is currently located in a first area, and downloading a first application program in at least one application program according to the information. The method, device, terminal and network side equipment support application program sharing based on areas.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: method involves the use of briquettes from compressed, crushed plant material of 1.5" or less, containing bagasse, rubber, residual water and not more than 5 wt % of the leaves. The density of briquettes is 40-325% higher than the density of unpressed vegetable material. A purified, hard rubber is obtained which contains 0.05-0.5 wt % of impurities, 0.2-1.5 wt % of ash and 0.1-4.0 wt % of the resin if it is dried to such a state that it contains 0.8 wt % of volatile substances. EFFECT: method makes it possible to improve the isolation of rubber from a plant that is not hevea. 6 cl, 10 tbl, 9 ex


The yield and plant vigor of 'Niagara Rosada' grafted on the 'IAC 313', 'IAC 766', 'Kober 5BB', 'Traviu' (106-8 Mgt) and 'Schwarzmann' rootstocks were evaluated from 1990 to 1998, in Taubate,SP, Brazil. The highest average yields were obtained on the 'IAC 313' and 'IAC 766' rootstocks, reaching 2.69 kg/plant and 2.59 kg/plant, respectively. Yields on 'Kober 5BB' and 'Schwarzmann' were 110% smaller than on the previous ones, while 'Traviu' showed intermediary behavior. 'IAC 313' and 'IAC 766' also induced higher vigor in the vine, represented by higher mass of pruned branches and higher diameter of plant. 'Niagara Rosada' cultivation in the region is recommended on the 'IAC 313', 'IAC 766' or 'Traviu' rootstocks.


Iron-catalyzed reductions: Selective iron-catalyzed reduction of aldehydes with hydrogen generated in situ by the water-gas shift reaction is presented (see scheme). The generality and selectivity of this mild procedure are demonstrated by the efficient reduction of various aromatic, aliphatic and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.


The dissertation involves two related questions: What is the relationship between individuals and the society in which they live? and, given this relationship, How are social scientists, in particular social psychologists, to study individuals? A duality model of the individual-society connection is proposed, which recognises the irreducibility and the interdependence of individuals and society. Individuals, as autonomous agents with subjective orientations to the society of which they are a part, and social structure, as an objective order of material social forces, dialectically interact and jointly produce social change. The model differs from others in recognising an objective and a subjective aspect to both individuals and society. Social structure affects individual agents through the subjectification of the material structure as culture, and individual agents affect structure through the objectification of their action in social positions. Using this model, the life-histories of three individuals are analysed, showing how the interaction of personal and social variables allowed them to be the persons they were (are). These individuals (Z. K. Matthews (1901-1968); Nelson Mandela (1918-) and Stephen Biko (1946-1977)) all contributed to the black opposition movement in South Africa, but, because of the different socio-historical times in which they lived, interacted with different social contexts, resulting in differences (and similarities) between the three lives. Finally, the duality model is evaluated against alternatives and is shown to offer a more adequate understanding of the individual-society connection and to satisfy criteria of a progressive scientific research programme.


This study aims to introduce exergy analysis of a three-spool turboprop engine during the complete flight.,In this study, a flight scenario of the aircraft is assumed. Operating parameters of the aircraft and its engine are modelled based on the assumed flight scenario with the aid of a genuine code. And then performance analysis of the engine is performed for each flight path point with the aid of exergy.,At the end of the study, major exergy parameters of the engine are calculated during the complete flight of a cargo aircraft three-spool turboprop engine.,Findings of the study may be beneficial for industry and practitioners to improve performance of the evaluated engine.,To the best of authors' knowledge, this paper presented the exergy analysis of a three-spool turboprop engine during the complete flight for the first time. It was shown how the exergy destruction rate depends on the altitude and manoeuvre.


Significance Microglia are the resident phagocytic cells of the central nervous system (CNS). During demyelination, a condition in which myelin sheaths are damaged and removed from neurons due to inflammation, microglia can play both harmful and beneficial roles, but their exact functions are still unclear. Using a drug that depletes microglia, we demonstrate that, after infection with JHMV, a coronavirus that infects the CNS of rodents and causes immune-mediated demyelination, microglia are essential for repair following demyelination. We found that microglia played critical roles in initiating this repair process by clearing myelin debris and producing prorepair factors, both of which promote the presence and the function of oligodendrocytes, the cells responsible for repairing and replacing myelin sheaths within areas of damage. Microglia are considered both pathogenic and protective during recovery from demyelination, but their precise role remains ill defined. Here, using an inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), PLX5622, and mice infected with a neurotropic coronavirus (mouse hepatitis virus [MHV], strain JHMV), we show that depletion of microglia during the time of JHMV clearance resulted in impaired myelin repair and prolonged clinical disease without affecting the kinetics of virus clearance. Microglia were required only during the early stages of remyelination. Notably, large deposits of extracellular vesiculated myelin and cellular debris were detected in the spinal cords of PLX5622-treated and not control mice, which correlated with decreased numbers of oligodendrocytes in demyelinating lesions in drug-treated mice. Furthermore, gene expression analyses demonstrated differential expression of genes involved in myelin debris clearance, lipid and cholesterol recycling, and promotion of oligodendrocyte function. The results also demonstrate that microglial functions affected by depletion could not be compensated by infiltrating macrophages. Together, these results demonstrate that microglia play key roles in debris clearance and in the initiation of remyelination following infection with a neurotropic coronavirus but are not necessary during later stages of remyelination.


The management system of the radiation protection in the Czech Republic is using already more that ten years as a one tool a monetary value of man Sv. The appropriate values are published in the Decree on radiation protection and they are distinguished for different types and levels of exposure. The derivation of these values has been done about 15 years ago based on studies performed at the 90 s. Recently the State Office for Nuclear Safety initiated a new pilot study with the following scope to analyze the current economic approaches and techniques used for the determination of the monetary statistical value of the human life under new economical, political and social conditions, to design the mathematical model for the determination of the lost production and to gain economic and demographic data necessary for the calculation, to organize a pilot survey of the public opinion in the Czech Republic with the accent on the detriment caused by ionizing radiation and on the willingness to pay for the averted risk or to accept the compensation of the elevated risk The first evaluation of the results shows that a new evaluated values are not significantly different for the currently used values in the legislation. Although the approaches of the life value estimation are different the valuation is relatively consistent and the average value of the statistical life fall into the range between 300 – 350 thousands CZK (app.10-13 ths EUR) per one year of life. The study confirmed a fact that the optimization of the processes covering the threat of the human health and life is very complicated, complex and demanding a multidisciplinary approach. The study and research will continue in the future focusing to the particular aspects of the problem. The poster will describe in details the methods used and will present the results achieved.


In order to ensure continuity and comparison of the monitoring data with different monitoring methods, the author compares and distinguishes automatic monitoring, traditional continous monitoring and traditional five-day monitoring methods, making experiment and contrastive analysis. He tries to find out the deviation of the measurement data monitoring with traditional and automatic methods seperately, inquiring into the reasons of the deviation.


Hemorrhoids are one of the most common conditions in the world, and grade III and IV internal hemorrhoids are mainly treated with surgery. However, there are many different surgical methods, and many postoperative complications occur. Therefore, we aimed to compare of milligan morgan (MM) hemorrhoidectomy and stapled hemorrhoidectomy (ST) for patients with grade III And IV Hemorrhoids.

 To compere between Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy and Stapled hemorrhoidectomy as regards postoperative anal stenosis and fecal incontinence in recent years for treatment grade III and IV hemorrhoids using a meta-analysis approach.

 Medline databases (PubMed, Medscape, ScienceDirect. EMF-Portal) and all materials available in the Internet till 2020.

 If the studies did not fulfill the inclusion criteria, they were excluded. Study quality assessment included whether ethical approval was gained, eligibility criteria specified, appropriate controls, and adequate information and defined assessment measures.

 It is concluded that ST appeared to be the best surgical procedure than MM for grade III and IV hemorrhoids based on the current evidence.


Using natural scenes is an approach to studying the visual and eye movement systems approximating how these systems function in everyday life. This review examines the results from behavioral and neurophysiological studies using natural scene viewing in humans and monkeys. The use of natural scenes for the study of cerebral cortical activity is relatively new and presents challenges for data analysis. Methods and results from the use of natural scenes for the study of the visual and eye movement cortex are presented, with emphasis on new insights that this method provides enhancing what is known about these cortical regions from the use of conventional methods. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 9 is September 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


Using information gained from a study of the transit bus industry, this booklet discusses "What You Need to Know" concerning the large scale adoption and use of alternative fuels. It points out several factors inhibiting their widespread adoption and use. First, because they present special hazards to mechanics, alternative fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquid petroleum gas, methanol, and ethanol have specifically prescribed handling requirements. Second, each of the alternative fuels under consideration has a lower energy density per unit volume than conventional petroleum fuels and requires costly improvements for refueling systems, making them more costly when compared with equal diesel fuel units of energy. Finally, the United States does not have a sufficient supply of alternative fuels, nor is there a national network for their large scale distribution.


Based on working conditions of shipboard wall-mounted equipments,a 3D solid model and FEM model were established in UG NX7.5 platform.The natural frequencies and the corresponding vibration modes were obtained though modal analysis.The structure of main parts-cover and shell were optimized according to analysis.First,the reinforcing rib structure was added to cover and shell,which can rationally distribute the stiffness.Second,wall thickness of cover and shell was reduced and height dimension of the reinforcing rib was changed.Results showed that optimization improved the stiffness and reduces the weight obviously.The goal of the optimization was achieved.


Turner assisted the prosecution in all three trials that resulted from the shooting. As such, the "book describes the story of the klan murder of Viola Liuzzo" largely from Turner's perspective, with references to newspaper reports and court documents (p. xv). The prosecution of Wilkins, Eaton, and Thomas is important because it represented the first modern convictions of Ku Klux Klan members by a southern jury in the United States. Prior to the federal case, the state of Alabama had tried the three men for murder in two separate cases; the first ended in a hung jury, and the second ended in an outright acquittal of the defendants. The failure of the state prosecutions led the U.S. Department of Justice to try the defendants for conspiracy to deny Liuzzo of her civil rights. For several reasons, which Turner discusses in detail, the federal case proved successful, resulting in convictions, and the judge sentenced the three men to the maximum penalty of ten years in federal prison. This book provides an excellent account of events, yet some of the broader implications of the case seem overstated—namely, Turner's contention that the Liuzzo case "heralded the birth of a brand-new tradition of equal justice under the law" (p. 96). Over the last several years, scholars and activists have demonstrated how the explicit and implicit racial bias of police, prosecutors, legislators, judges, and juries has contributed to a gross overrepresentation of African Americans in penitentiaries across the country.While the Liuzzo case set a precedent for federal intervention in civil rights cases, it does not seem that the Liuzzo case ushered in an era of criminal justice free of racial bias and discrimination. Selma and the LiuzzoMurder Trials is an extremely accessible book that will surely be of interest to academics and nonacademics alike. The gripping details of events and conversations, and Turner's explanations of legal processes, read much like a John Grisham novel, complete with protagonists, antagonists, narrative twists that expose the problems of the American criminal justice system, and a conclusion that demonstrates how, at times, that flawed system canwork properly. For anyone interested in the U.S. criminal justice system and the civil rights movement, this short book is worth the read.


Nanomaterials have a great potential for use in various biorelated applications such as drug delivery systems and in vivo imaging; understanding nanoparticle–cell interactions is an important requi...


Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we analyzed whether having any disability and having specific types of disabilities in adolescence were linked to the level of success in the attainment of five adulthood markers: college degree, employment, independent living, marriage, and parenthood. Using Poisson regression, we found a negative association between having a disability and the number of adulthood markers attained. However, disability type moderated this relationship: learning, intellectual, and multiple disabilities were associated with lower chances of attainment while no association was found for physical disability. Intellectual disability showed particularly strong associations. Similar results appeared when analyzing each marker separately in binary logistic regression models. Many previous studies showed disparities in these outcomes using samples that included adults of a wide age range, but the current results based on an adolescent sample show that disparities already exist in young adulthood. Current policies and programs aimed to reduce disparities between people with and without disabilities largely focus on individual efforts by people with disabilities. In light of the present results highlighting the extensive disparities, such policies should consider all key aspects of transitions and focus on institutional redesign.


The role of social media in facilitating far-right networks and propagating far-right narratives is increasingly documented. However, research tends to focus on far-right pages on social media, thus leaving the users of these pages understudied. Relying on interviews with users of the Facebook page of the radical right organization La Meute in Canada, this study investigates individuals' motivations and practices when using far-right pages on social media, as well as the interplay between their use of these pages and their view of themselves and society. It shows that users of La Meute's Facebook page perceive (to varying degrees) that mainstream media are biased and do not represent their views nor address their concerns about immigration issues. As such, they seek meaning by using far-right pages on social media, either as their main source of information or to complement mainstream media. On these pages, they encounter a virtual community of like-minded people, which is conceived in opposition to the rest of society who would not be critical enough of mainstream media and immigration. Boundaries delineating the virtual community tend to be particularly pronounced among individuals who use far-right pages on social media as their main source of information.


A synthesis is given on the temporal and geographical size variation of the shrew Crocidula sicula Miller, 1901. It is shown that Pleistocene populations from Sicily and Malta, previously regarded as a separate taxon, have evolved to the present-day populations of Sicily, the Egadi Islands, and Gozo. Due to sea level changes, probably all these islands were temporarily connected by landbridges during the Pleistocene. Subsequent geographical isolation led to the evolution of at least three morphologically distinct extant populations, two of which are named as new. In addition, a possibly related new species from the Pleistocene of Morocco is described.


We report an unusual case of diphaIJus in a five year old boy. The two o.rgans appeared separately, one orthotopically in the pubic area and the other in the perineum with no urinary meatus. A perineal hypospadias with meatus in the anterior anal verge was also present. The right testis was undescended and the scrotum was mildly bifid. The patient was continent for both voiding and defecation. Micturition was via the hypospadiac perineal meatus under voluntary control. A review of published cases suggests that this may be the first example of complete diphallia with two separate phalli in different locations.


Istanbul, in the past four decades, has possessed significant experience and infrastructure in producing fashion items. Hence, Istanbul has made a significant contribution to the textile and ready-to-made garment industry producing quality fashion goods. Several studies are being conducted to make Istanbul, a city with the historic privilege of being the capital of a number of empires, a fashion centre. Istanbul has the potential with its historical, cultural and artistic heritage that would inspire the fashion industry. Moreover, its considerable infrastructure in textile and ready-to-made garment production strengthens the attempts to make Istanbul a fashion centre. The aim of this study is to analyze Istanbul as a fashion centre. To this end, its past and present have been explored within the framework of the fashion industry and predictions for the future has been made accordingly. This study is considered important in terms of Istanbul being made a fashion centre on an international scale.


This paper takes a two-stage three-phase inverter as an example. The efficiency calculation method is analyzed in detail for the inverter, and the power losses calculation method is proposed for the second stage under SVPWM. A 10kW/380V inverter system is designed. The system efficiency and the power losses for every part are theoretically calculated. Finally, experiments on a 10 kW prototype are carried out to verify the calculation.


We developed a new photo diode structure for the CMOS image sensors of security cameras with a pixel size of $2.9\mu \mathrm{m}$. It adds the following two structures: one is to form a strong electric field P/N junction on the full-depth deep-trench isolation side wall. The other is a dual-vertical-gate structure in which the full well capacity 60000e- is realized, while ensuring low-illuminance characteristics; the random noise is suppressed to 0.78e-. A dynamic range of 97 dB of one exposure was achieved. It also exhibits near-infrared optical characteristics.


To the Editor: Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) is replacing fullthickness penetrating keratoplasty for the treatment of corneal endothelial disorders because it offers faster visual rehabilitation, improved surface topography, lower risk of transplant rejection, and reduced donor need by split use of corneal tissue. However, the postoperative management with high rebubbling rates for graft detachment and the surgical technique itself with manual preparation and handling of the delicate, 15-mm-thick graft can be challenging. Intraoperative tearing of Descemet membrane may occur, as well as lamellar splitting at various levels (between interfacial matrix and anterior banded layer, between anterior banded and posterior nonbanded layer, and within the anterior portions of the posterior nonbanded layer). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of standardized manual donor tissue preparation in DMEK surgery, and to describe the functional and morphological outcomes after the use of accidentally altered grafts. This retrospective analysis of a nonrandomized, consecutive interventional case series at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Germany, adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional review board. Between June 2011 and October 2013, 348 consecutive donor corneas underwent manual stripping of the endothelium-Descemet membrane layer (EDM) for DMEK surgery in a standardized fashion by one experienced


We present the reliability analysis of ring-based hierarchical directed networks in the context of large-scale multiprocessors. A wide range of hierarchical structures based on the basic, dual counter-rotating, and braided (skip-a-node) rings are analyzed and compared. We have adopted the two-processor (two-terminal) reliability criteria for our analysis. The results of computing the system reliability for thousands of processors show that hierarchical structures constructed of counter-rotating and braided rings significantly improve the reliability of hierarchical structures constructed of basic rings. For most of the hierarchies the braided structures have better survivability and provide higher reliability than the counter-rotating structures for long mission times. Our results show that uniform hierarchical structures tend to provide better reliability than nonuniform structures. The results are of value in designing real time systems, large-scale architectures and general computer networks. Because Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI) appears to be a promising interface for high speed interconnections, we use it to illustrate both the approach and the applicability of our results. The results apply also to similar ring architectures such as token rings, slotted rings, and other unidirectional ring networks.


The Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Rapid Visco-Analyzer (RVA) were used to determine the starch gelatinization characteristics of eight sweetpotato cultivars with high pigment contents.The results showed that the amylose content changed from 19.59% to 25.46%.The gelatinization temperatures, as determined through DSC, showed moderate variation.T o, T p and T c ranged from 59.84℃ to 70.87℃, 69.73℃ to 78.20℃, and 79.85℃ to 83.62℃,respectively.The values of ΔH varied between 11.70 J/g and 13.83 J/g.The RVA profiles of starches were characterized by a high pasting peak followed by a high degree of shear-thinning.The major differences of viscoamylographs among cultivars showed viscosity values, especially they were HV and FV.Effects of amylose content on gelatinization characteristics were not significant.However, the T o, T c, ΔH, PV, HV and FV had significant positive correlation with T p.It was demonstrated that T p was an important parameter evaluating starch gelatinization characteristics.DSC is supposed to be applied in determining the gelatinization characteristics of sweetpotato starch.


Introduction: Angiotensin II (ATII) recently received FDA approval based on a small trial (N=321) demonstrating higher achievement of mean arterial pressure ≥75mmHg at 3 hours versus placebo. Given the lack of outcomes data, continued study is needed to identify the role and safety of ATII in shock management. Description: A 52-year-old male with ESRD, renal transplant, hypertension, and subdural hematoma presented with gram negative sepsis, pneumonia and bacteremia. He remained hypotensive despite 30 mL/kg of crystalloid and early antibiotics so norepinephrine, vasopressin, hydrocortisone, and fludrocortisone were started. Initial ultrasound estimated normal left ventricular function. Upon reaching norepinephrine 1.5 mcg/kg/ min, ATII was initiated at 5 ng/kg/min and increased to 65 ng/ kg/min over 2 hours. After 3 hours, the dose was decreased to 40 ng/kg/min, where it remained for 9 hours. Six hours after ATII, EKG showed STEMI in leads I and AVL. The troponin was 27.63 ng/mL and peaked at 190.86 ng/mL that day. The patient did not receive catheterization due to hemodynamic instability and ongoing CRRT. Thrombolysis was contraindicated due to previous SDH and coagulopathy. Echocardiography showed LV ejection fraction of 40-45% with mild diffuse hypokinesis. The patient's subcutaneous heparin was switched to therapeutic heparin and aspirin. Doppler ultrasound the next day revealed left cephalic vein thrombus, left subclavian vein thrombus, and an AV fistula thrombus. The patient improved hemodynamically with vasopressors weaned over 3 days. Discussion: This is the first report of STEMI in a patient with catecholamine-refractory septic shock receiving ATII. ATII has known pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic effects, decreasing fibrinolysis and increasing platelet aggregation. Labeling quotes a 13% incidence of thromboembolic events and recommends VTE prophylaxis. This patient's MI and thrombosis occurred despite prophylaxis. ATII is not recommended in patients with heart failure or cardiogenic shock and case series have reported these patients developing progressive LV failure on ATII. Our patient had normal EF that decreased 1 day later. Although the contribution of septic cardiomyopathy cannot be excluded, this case serves to highlight vigilant monitoring is needed with post-market use of ATII.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to medicine, namely to medical equipment, and can be used for measuring density of biological fluid medium by non-invasive method. Sensor comprises pulse generator for pulse generation and pulse transmission on human skin. Temperature sensor for measurement of temperature near zone, in which pulse acts on human skin. Converter to receive pulse from human skin and generation of electric signal describing pulse rate depending on composition of biological fluid medium and skin elasticity using second law of Newton, F=m*a, where m is mass of presented fluid medium, a is its acceleration in m/s 2 at constant force F in newtons (N). Converter is connected to microprocessor, in which electric signal of converter is converted into relative density of above biological fluid medium. When processing electrical signal, microprocessor is configured to compensate change in density caused by temperature by means of mathematical algorithm, thus producing density at temperature set during calibration of sensor. EFFECT: device provides higher reliability and accuracy of speed of glucose values changes. 7 cl, 19 dwg, 3 tbl


Introduction : Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have proved their favourable outcomes on survival in selected patients with cardiomyopathy. However, recent studies have questioned the protective role of ICD in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) for primary prevention. The aim of our study was to investigate the differences in ICD therapy in primary and secondary prevention ICD patients.


This paper reviews information on necropsies in stillborn and aborted fetuses from swine. Aspects dealt with include sampling collection, necropsy procedures, gross and histopathological findings, some of which are of little or no pathological significance but often observed in the routine diagnostic work and misinterpreted as real or important lesions.


It has been reported that lovastatin induced cell death and suppressed proliferation in various cell lines. In this study, we examined whether the cytotoxic effects of lovastatin could be prevented by Bcl-2 or in C6 glial cells. Overexpression of human Bcl-2 or prevented lovastatin changes such as DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, disruption of cell membrane, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. Lovastatin-induced inhibition of cell proliferation was unaffected by Bcl-2 or overexpression. These results suggest that Bcl-2 and can prevent lovastatin-induced apoptosis in C6 glial cells, though the inhibition of proliferation remains unaffected by these proteins.


The use of spinal orthoses for chronic low back pain has traditionally been random and empirical. Frequently, a lumbosacral corset is prescribed and, upon failure of the corset to reduce pain, orthotic treatment is abandoned. In this prospective study, the test instrument of Willner, consisting of a rigid aluminum thoracic lumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) with a sagittal lumbar pad that is adjustable in lumbar flexion or extension, is used to test the hypothesis that a five-day trial in a test orthosis will be a good predictor of the outcome of orthotic treatment for chronic low back pain.


In a preliminary study a film was designed to shorten the time necessary to perceive the direction of a tennis return. Ss showed significant improvement in response time. Since the training was conducted with individual Ss, the use of the training film in a classroom situation was examined. Results indicated significant improvement in response time; thus the training device appears to be useful in classroom situations.


The feasibility of the electrolysis reduction from phosphite to hypophophite was predicted through cyclic voltammetry experiments on copper and lead electrodes in phosphite solution of different pH value.Then study on the method of improving transferring rate throngh different cathode potential and electrolytic time was carried out.


This paper presents a B/S architecture system for automatic planning and visualized result scheduling in the context of steelmaking and continuous casting workshop in iron and steel enterprise. The system under study is based on a real world industrial application. The automatic planning module which adopts the heuristic algorithm is characterized by several constrains such as manufacture continuity, production goods supply, changeable technological route, equipment capability, dynamic job processing time. This module is designed to help planner making plan automatically with aims of averaging productivity, minimizing the total stop time during the production and increasing the practicability of the result. The result scheduling module supplies the function of visual plan inquiry and adjustment with the skills of AJAX and VML, which is conducted to make the planning real-time and easily. Commonality is fully considered during the design, so this system applies to different iron and steel enterprises.


Abstract Some aspects of the work of our group on the human and mouse immunoglobulin κ genes are reviewed. The human κ locus contains a large duplication: a 600 kb C-proximal copy with 40 Vκ genes is found in the close vicinity of a 440 kb Cκ-distal copy with 36 very similar, but not identical, Vκ genes. The chimpanzee has only the Cκ-proximal copy of the locus. The locus of the mouse is close to 3.2 Mb in size, of which 3.1 Mb have been cloned in four contigs, leaving three small gaps of together about 90 kb; 140 Vκ genes and pseudogenes were localized and sequenced. In parallel to the elucidation of the structure of the κ loci, the mechanisms of the V-J rearrangement, somatic hypermutation and κ gene expression were studied. Various polymorphisms were detected in the human population and a number of haplotypes defined. In addition to the Vκ genes within the loci numerous Vκ orphons were localized on different chromosomes. Comparing the κ loci of different species allows some interesting conclusions as to the evolution of this multigene family. Finally our strategy of elucidating the structure and function of the κ loci, which has been termed a 'cottage industry approach', is discussed in relation to the large-scale genome analysis as pursued today using automated methods.


Online social networks use AI techniques to automatically infer profiles from users' shared data. However, these inferences and their effects remain, to a large extent, opaque to the users themselves. We propose a method which raises user awareness about the potential use of their profiles in impactful situations, such as searching for a job or an accommodation. These situations illustrate usage contexts that users might not have anticipated when deciding to share their data. User photographic profiles are described by automatic object detections in profile photos, and associated object ratings in situations. Human ratings of the profiles per situation are also available for training. These data are represented as graph structures which are fed into graph neural networks in order to learn how to automatically rate them. An adaptation of the learning procedure per situation is proposed since the same profile is likely to be interpreted differently, depending on the context. Automatic profile ratings are compared to one another in order to inform individual users of their standing with respect to others. Our method is evaluated on a public dataset, and consistently outperforms competitive baselines. An ablation study gives insights about the role of its main components.


The clinical course of our patient, who sustained remission status for at least 18 months highlights the chance of long‐term hormonal and tumor remission and demonstrates the efficacy and safety of discontinuation of temozolomide therapy. Prospective studies are required in order to define predictors of long‐term remission of this promising therapeutic modality.


Article History: Received 06 January 2023 Reviewed 05 March 2023 Revised 20 March 2023 Accepted 11 May 2023 Background and Objectives: Subsampling methods allow sampling signals at rates much lower than Nyquist rate by using low-cost and low-power analogto-digital converters (ADC). These methods are important for systems such as sensor networks that the cost and power consumption of sensors are the core issue in them. The Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) reconstructs a large integer (input frequency) from its multiple remainders (aliased or under-sampled frequencies), which are produced from under-sampling or integer division by several smaller positive integers. Sampling frequencies can be reduced by approaches based on CRT. Methods: The largest dynamic range of a generalized Chinese remainder theorem for two integers (input frequencies) has already been introduced in previous works. This is equivalent to determine the largest possible range of the frequencies for a sinusoidal waveform with two frequencies which the frequencies of the signal can be reconstructed uniquely by very low sampling frequencies. In this study, the largest dynamic range of CRT for any number of integers (any number of frequencies in a sinusoidal waveform) is proposed. It is also shown that the previous largest dynamic range for two frequencies in a waveform is a special case of our proposed procedure. Results: A procedure for multiple frequencies detection from reminders (under-sampled frequencies) is proposed and maximum tolerable noises of under-sampled frequencies for unique detection is obtained. The numerical examples show that the proposed approach, in some cases, can gain 11.5 times higher dynamic range than the conventional methods for a multisensor under-sampling system. Conclusion: Other studies introduced the largest dynamic range for the unique reconstruction of two frequencies by CRT. In this study, the largest dynamic ranges for any number of frequencies are investigated. Moreover, tolerable noise is also considered.


While the placement of the Virtual Computer was It remains an open challenge for Volunteer Cloud Computing, which reveals many divergent gaps in conventional cloud computing contexts, and has been thoroughly studied. Features, including sporadic usability of nodes and Infrastructure that's inefficient. In this article, we are modeling the Virtual In Volunteer Cloud Computing, computer positioning dilemma As a multi-dimensional, constrained 0–1 knapsack issue and Built algorithms to satisfy the basic aims and shortcomings of Volunteer Cloud Computing. The proof of a dedicated Cloud Computing Volunteer, The competitive success outcomes of these test beds are illustrated With algorithm.


Significance Rhizobia are soil-dwelling bacteria that form symbioses with legumes and provide biologically useable nitrogen as ammonium for the host plant. High-throughput DNA sequencing has led to a rapid expansion in publication of complete genomes for numerous rhizobia, but analysis of gene function increasingly lags gene discovery. Mariner-based transposon insertion sequencing has allowed us to characterize the fitness contribution of bacterial genes and determine those functionally important in a Rhizobium–legume symbiosis at multiple stages of development. By analyzing successive lifestyle stages of a model Rhizobium–legume symbiosis using mariner-based transposon insertion sequencing (INSeq), we have defined the genes required for rhizosphere growth, root colonization, bacterial infection, N2-fixing bacteroids, and release from legume (pea) nodules. While only 27 genes are annotated as nif and fix in Rhizobium leguminosarum, we show 603 genetic regions (593 genes, 5 transfer RNAs, and 5 RNA features) are required for the competitive ability to nodulate pea and fix N2. Of these, 146 are common to rhizosphere growth through to bacteroids. This large number of genes, defined as rhizosphere-progressive, highlights how critical successful competition in the rhizosphere is to subsequent infection and nodulation. As expected, there is also a large group (211) specific for nodule bacteria and bacteroid function. Nodule infection and bacteroid formation require genes for motility, cell envelope restructuring, nodulation signaling, N2 fixation, and metabolic adaptation. Metabolic adaptation includes urea, erythritol and aldehyde metabolism, glycogen synthesis, dicarboxylate metabolism, and glutamine synthesis (GlnII). There are 17 separate lifestyle adaptations specific to rhizosphere growth and 23 to root colonization, distinct from infection and nodule formation. These results dramatically highlight the importance of competition at multiple stages of a Rhizobium–legume symbiosis.


The compositions of the various organic and inorganic species in cane molasses show wide variations. Centrifugation can be used to remove suspended so!id particles. The bulk of these are precipitated calcium compounds. Removal of calcium by precipitation and subsequent centrifugation can be enhanced by the addition of sulphuric acid. The effects of dilution, temperature, and acid addition on the efficiency of calcium removal by centrifugation are described. A relatively simple procedure to determine the optimal molasses pretreatment method for maximum calcium removal is presented.


We report on a 3-point longitudinal survey of SEP events during 2010n2013 using data from the STEREO and near-Earth spacecraft. During this period 44 SEP events were identied with 10 MeV proton intensities that exceeded the NOAA criterion of 10 protons/(cm sr-s), including 25 near-Earth events and 19 additional events at one or both STEREO spacecraft. The July 23, 2012 event observed by STEREO-A was found to be the most intense SEP event at 1 AU in more than 20 years. We discuss the characteristics of this event, the longitude distribution of SEPs, and compare SEP activity in the rst 4.5 years of solar cycles 23 and 24.


Mental health services for adults in Wales are in danger of not meeting key standards and targets set by the Welsh Assembly, a report has said. At the time the services were reviewed by the Wales Audit Office, 26% of general adult psychiatry consultant posts were vacant, and trusts were taking a considerable amount of time to fill them—as many as four years in a few cases. In three trusts the number of vacancies was more than 40%.

The audit office's report also warns that mental health …


The Rohingya, an ethnic Muslim minority group of Myanmar, have moved into neighboring Bangladesh as their homeland had revoked their citizenship. Despite many limitations, Bangladesh has given them shelter. The massive increase in population has created a disastrous situation in the Myanmar-Bangladesh border areas. Undocumented Rohingya people sought shelter primarily in Cox's Bazar and the hilly areas of the south-eastern border of Bangladesh. They rely on natural resources and have easy access to the nearby forests which as a result is endangering the ecological balance and overall environmental condition of the surrounding areas. Being non-citizens logically they have no allegiance to the host country. In addition, they do not have any lawful profession to sustain their lives, which is leading them to get involved in various offences like narcotics smuggling, theft, dacoity, human trafficking, murder, deforestation, adverse possession of forest land, and various criminal activities. The Rohingya crisis may threaten the internal stability of Bangladesh in addition to bringing a humanitarian crisis. Rohingya are gradually assimilating with the locals in Cox's Bazar and spreading throughout the country, posing a threat to Bangladesh's national values and identity and impeding national development programs. Unfortunately, they are not solely to blame for all the crimes, local offenders are correspondingly engaged with them. This study attempts to draw the attention of the proper authorities to see the real scenario of criminality among the Rohingya and the impacts of such criminality in Bangladesh.


UNLABELLED
Identification of unknown bodies is mainly made by dental examination and comparison with accurate dental records. Therefore it is necessary to examine the jaws carefully and to locate every tooth-coloured dental restoration. Overlooking dental fillings can make positive identification impossible. The paper presented here evaluates the usefulness of radiographs to locate tooth coloured dental restorations.

RESULTS
40% of the dental materials tested here could not be detected radiographically with a sensitivity that is demanded. A radiographic examination is not sufficient and must be supplied by other techniques.


Introduction: The understanding of healthcare resource utilisation and its related costs is crucial for optimizing resource allocation in the healthcare setting. There is currently a paucity of published studies investigating healthcare costs related to long QT syndrome (LQTS). Method: This was a retrospective study of LQTS patients from Hong Kong, China. The healthcare resource utilisation for Accident and Emergency (A&E), inpatient and specialist outpatient settings across a 19-year period was extracted and analysed. Costs in US dollars were calculated using unit costs. Results: The cohort consists of 125 LQTS patients with a mean presentation age of 26.7 +/- 22.0 years old. Of these, 45 patients presented with ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF) and 44 patients had an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implementation. At the individual patient level, the median annualised costs were $69 (30-183) at the A&E setting, $10270 (2248-64006) at the inpatient setting and $675 (393-1329) at the special outpatient setting. Patients who presented with VT/VF initially had significantly higher annualised median costs in the inpatient ($59843 [13812-214930] vs. $5480 [1162-23111], p<0.0001) and specialist outpatient setting ($823 [539-1694] vs $609 [383-1269], p=0.133) compared to patients without VT/VF initially. Conclusion: There is an increasing healthcare demand in the inpatient and specialist outpatient settings for LQTS patients. The most expensive attendance type was inpatient setting stay at $10270 per year. The total median annualised cost of LQTS patients without VT/VF was 90% lower compared to patients with VT/VF.


Simple Summary In this observational study, we aimed to describe the cardiorespiratory variations during laparoscopic abdominal surgery in baboons (Papio hamadryas) anesthetized via a laryngeal mask. Animals were immobilized with a combination of tiletamine/zolazepam and medetomidine. A laryngeal mask was inserted to allow for the delivery of oxygen and isoflurane. Cardiovascular variables showed no alterations, while the respiratory parameters indicated a rise in respiratory rate and end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration during the pneumoperitoneum. Hypercapnia was mild, even with the animal in spontaneous breathing, and it was solved rapidly after the discontinuation of the pneumoperitoneum. The results of this study suggest that laparoscopy can be performed safely in spontaneously breathing baboons. Furthermore, adequate ventilation and gas exchange can be achieved using a laryngeal mask without the need for endotracheal intubation. Abstract The study aims to describe the anesthetic and airway management of baboons (Papio hamadryas) undergoing laparoscopic salpingectomy with a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) device. Eleven baboons received tiletamine-zolazepam and medetomidine; anesthesia was induced with propofol. An LMA was positioned for oxygen and isoflurane administration in spontaneous respiration. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), end tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), minute volume (MV), and peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded before (PREPP) and immediately after abdomen insufflation (PP1), at 10 (PP2), 20 (PP3), and 30 (PP4) minutes during pneumoperitoneum, and after (POSTPP) pneumoperitoneum. The respiratory rate was significantly higher at all times compared to PREPP. The end tidal carbon dioxide concentration was significantly higher at PP2, PP3, PP4, and POSTPP, compared to the previous times. The higher values for RR and EtCO2 were registered at PP4: 22.7 (95% CI 17.6–27.8) breaths/min and 57.9 (95% CI 51.9–63.8) mmHg, respectively. The minute volume was significantly higher at PP4 and POSTPP compared to the other times. The higher value for MV was registered at POSTPP (269.1 (95% CI 206.1–331.8) mL/kg/min). This protocol is suitable for baboons undergoing laparoscopic salpingectomy. The LMA was easy to insert and allowed for good ventilation, gas exchange, and delivery of the anesthetic in spontaneous breathing baboons.


Background: Aspirin, P2Y12 inhibitors, Statins, Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor/Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers and Beta Blockers improve outcomes for patients with an Acute Myocardial Inf...


A multiphase study tested a proposed mediated moderation model for the joint effects of ethical pressure and power distance orientation on accountants' ethical judgments of earnings management. Results based on a sample of 354 accountants from China indicated that the relationship between ethical pressure and ethical judgments of earnings management is contingent on the accountants' power distance orientation. That is, the relationship between ethical pressure and ethical judgments of earnings management was stronger for accountants with a high power distance orientation. The results also demonstrated that ethical beliefs in support of the company serve as a mediator for the interaction effect of ethical pressure and power distance orientation on the outcome. These results are discussed in terms of viewing earnings management as a form of unethical pro‐organizational behavior which can be effectively investigated within the framework of the person‐situation interactionist model.


We introduce a method for making approximate Bayesian inference based on quantizing the hypothesis space and repartitioning it as observations become available. The method relies on approximating an optimal inference by using a probability distribution for quantized intervals of the unknown quantity, and by adjusting the intervals so as to obtain higher resolution in regions of higher probability, and vice versa.We repartition the hypothesis space adaptively with the aim of maximizing the mutual information between the approximate distribution and the exact distribution. It is shown that this approach is equivalent to maximizing the entropy of the approximate distribution, and we provide low‐complexity algorithms for approximating multi‐dimensional posterior distributions with tunable complexity/performance.The resulting quantized distribution for a one‐dimensional case can be visualized as a histogram where each bar has equal area, but in general unequal width. The method can be used to provide adaptive ...


To develop a wireless intracranial pressure monitor, a silicon pressure sensor was used as the sensing head. The double bridge method was applied to compensate temperature effects. Pressure signals were converted into audio frequency signals by a voltage to frequency converter. A single chip FM transmitter and a FM receiver composed a RF wireless chain for transmitting the frequency signals. A single chip microcomputer controlled the process of sampling, digital filtering, scaling, alarming, displaying, printing and serial transmitting of data. The instrument has overcome several shortcomings of existing optical fiber intracranial pressure monitors. It is more convenient to operate and its pressure probe is more durable.


Objective To access the clinical effect of Lux 1540 nm fractional laser in the treatment of scar.Methods 75 patients with scar were treated with the Lux 1540 nm fractional laser,among them,37 patients caused by injure and 38 cases caused by acne.The curative effects and side effects were observed.Result 6 cases(8.00%) were cured,23 cases(30.67%) were improved significantly,25 cases(33.33%) were improved,21 cases(28.00%) were ineffective,the total effective rate was 72.00%.The total effective rate had no difference between the scar caused by trauma or acne (P0.05).The therapeutic effect was rised as the therapy times added.Temporary hyperpigmentation were found on 3 cases(4.00%),one patient(1.33%) show erythema,all faded away in several weeks.Conclusions Lux 1540 nm fractional laser is effective and safe in the treatment of scar,the side effects was rare,without downtime almost,which deserves the clinical expansion.


Stationary axially symmetric Brans-Dicke-Maxwell solutions are re-examined in the framework of the Brans-Dicke theory. We see that, employing a particular parametrization of the standard axially symmetric metric simplifies the procedure of obtaining the Ernst equations for axially symmetric electro-vacuum space-times for this theory. This analysis also permit us to construct a two parameter extension in both Jordan and Einstein frames of an old solution generating technique frequently used to construct axially symmetric solutions for Brans-Dicke theory from a seed solution of General Relativity. As applications of this technique, several known and new solutions are constructed including a general axially symmetric BD-Maxwell solution of Plebanski-Demianski with vanishing cosmological constant, i.e. the Kinnersley solution and general magnetized Kerr-Newman type solutions. Some physical properties and circular motion of test particles for a particular subclass of Kinnersley solution, i.e. Kerr-Newman-NUT type solution for BD theory is also investigated in some detail.


A set of useful refinement rules on hierarchical predicate transition nets (HPrTNs in the sequel) is presented. These rules help a user to develop a large HPrTN in a stepwise approach supporting both top-down and bottom-up development styles. Furthermore, the author has shown that these rules either preserve or facilitate the verification of many system behavioral properties. Another nice feature of these rules is that their applications always result in a valid partial view and an extended and integrated definition of the original HPrTN. The author also briefly discusses related works on refinement techniques based on Petri nets and other specification methods.


The objective of this study was to determine whether women who were participating in the Women's Healthy Eating and Living (WHEL) Study exhibited similar dietary changes, second breast cancer events, and overall survival regardless of race/ethnicity.


Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), or hyaline membrane disease, remains the most frequent clinical problem encountered among preterm infants [1]. RDS is also the most important cause of mortality and morbidity in this population of neonates [2]. Premature infants develop RDS because they have immature lungs that are deficient in surfactant. As a result, they require ventilatory support to maintain adequate gas exchange and this support can cause lung injury [3]. Lung injury increases the patient's ventilatory needs and the cycle of lung injury is propagated. If this cycle is not interrupted, respiratory failure progresses and the premature neonate dies. The purpose of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology of RDS and to review recent therapeutic interventions for its prevention and treatment.


Two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) of transparent TiO2 gel rods, with a diameter in the range of 0.5 to 2.0μm, arrayed in a triangular lattice with a lattice constant between 1.0 and 4.0μm, were successfully fabricated from a titanium tetra-isopropoxide (Ti(OiPr)4) ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGMME) solution using resist molds. The resist molds were fabricated on a Si wafer by electron-beam lithography. By casting the solution into the resist molds, we obtained TiO2 gel PCs, which contained polyethylene glycol (55-60 mass%) used as a plasticizer, formed on gel plates with the same composition over an area of 500μm×500μm. This method enabled the preparation of dense, highly transparent TiO2 gel PCs. Distinct changes in both reflected and transmitted colors were observed in the present gel PCs, demonstrating that they function as photonic crystals in the visible region.


The water-jet cutting technology represents an effective cutting tool for diverse materials. It is prospective in the area of composite materials, which represent a combination of a hard and a soft component. An advantage of the water-jet cutting is that the cut (the material) is not heat affected, namely at the polymeric materials. The abrasive water-jet with a dash of pabrasivum (a garnet MESH 80) was used for the research. The research was performed on the device AWJ CT 0806. The aim of the research was to evaluate the cutting area and delamination of the matrix and the reinforcement (a filler). The research based on the SEM analysis proved that the AWJ technology was a prospective method for cutting polymeric composite materials.


This paper is the third in a three-part series that presents the results of a comprehensive research project which has proposed to provide flight control augmentation for an aft center-of-gravity (eg) launch vehicle (LV) that could not be adequately controlled by engine gimbaling alone. At the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), the author is the Principal Investigator. AIAA Paper 96-0905 has presented the developmental stages of the program, the comprehensive reviews of our national heritage of LV's that have used aerodynamic surfaces and current use of these by other nations, and a state-of-theart assessment of smart materials and advanced composites directly applicable to the innovative design of the flight control augmentors (FCA's). AIAA Paper 97-0425 has presented the control requirements, the details of the designed all-movable, blunt-trailing-edge FCA's, the static stability wind tunnel test program conducted at MSFC, the calculation of the stability derivatives and control derivatives from the wind tunnel test data, and the static stability and control analyses. This paper presents the dynamic stability wind tunnel test program conducted at MSFC, the dynamic stability characteristics of the experimental LV with the designed FCA's, and a consideration of the elastic vehicle.


The utility model provides a novel solar streetlamp which comprises a vertical rod, wherein the vertical rod is provided with a photovoltaic power generation system and a lighting lamp; the photovoltaic power generation system is connected with the lighting lamp through a line to provide power to the lighting lamp; the photovoltaic power generation system comprises a solar panel, a storage battery and a controller; a bracket is arranged on the top of the vertical rod; the solar panel, the storage battery and the controller are arranged on the bracket; and the bracket is provided with a direction regulating mechanism, and the included angle of the bracket and the vertical rod can be changed through the direction regulating mechanism so as to adjust the direction of the solar panel. The streetlamp is supplied with power by the photovoltaic power generation system, and the direction regulating mechanism is arranged between the solar panel and the vertical rod, so that the direction and angle of the solar panel are conveniently adjusted. Parts are connected through a detachable structure, and convenient to install and detach. The charge and discharge process is controlled by the intelligent controller, so that the novel solar streetlamp is convenient to use.


Large areas in Japan are covered with volcanic ash soils (humic allophane soils, Ando soils, etc. ). These areas are generally less productive because of scarcity of nutrient salts available to plant growth, and only a few parts of the areas have been utilized for cultivation, most parts being left as semi-natural grassland. Although enrichment of these areas to make well-managed pastures with high yield of forage production is an urgent problem, we have so far little fundamental knowledge about the circulation of nutrient elements in such humic allophane soils. Essential elements for plant growth circulate, though imperfectly, between soil and plants in an ecosystem. Little part of nutrients in plant tissues is leached out from living leaves by rain and dewy , but most part is just released after the death of the tissues to be available to the producer through the decomposition by soil microbes. Therefore, the decomposition rate may decide the velocity of circulation of nutrient elements, and the growth of plants. The present paper is concerned with the decomposition rate of the organic matter in humic allophane soils in relation to the various factors such as temperature, pH, and nutrient element level in the soil.


This thesis firstly gives the present and the development tendency of the packing of the world foodstuff and agriculture product,then it also deeply analyses the importance of the packing creation.Finally it provides some advices on packing creation.


ABSTRACT Several studies have assessed the therapeutic potential of natural products against mastitis, but only a few have evaluated the impacts of this alternative therapy on the main properties of milk and dairy products. In this study, we observed how the treatment of mastitis with ethanolic extract of Jatobá (Hymenaea martiana Hayne) influenced the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of coalho cheese. An ointment containing the ethanolic extract was prepared for intramammary use in six dairy goats. The experiment was conducted in three experimental moments. Milking was performed, manually, and both milk and cheese were subjected to physicochemical and sensory tests. No difference was observed (p>0.05) in the physicochemical aspects of milk between the studied groups. The solids-non-fat showed a statistical difference between experimental moments M1 and M2. The protein means varied from 3.33 to 3.62, and there was a statistical difference between the two moments, while the lactose means varied from 4.79 to 5.38%. The physicochemical aspects of cheese remained similar with both treatments. Except for appearance, the sensory characteristics showed no statistical difference. In conclusion, the use of Jatobá extract ointment did not influence the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of goat milk or cheese.


The social arena within which learning takes place does influence Mercer's (1995) work on exploratory talk. He applies a Vygotskian view of learning in which language is described as a 'social mode of thinking' to his theory-building. Whilst Mercer is clear about the two separate perspectives: psychological (or thinking) and cultural (or communicating), he argues for their inseparability in functional classroom talk. This is based on what he describes as a neo-Vygotskian view of learning in which there is not necessarily a 'more learned other' involved in the discussion. Vygotsky (and followers of his model of learning) suggest that learning occurs when learners of unequal ability interact. While this model of 'scaffolded' learning is useful, it fails to explain the learning that occurs among peers of equal ability. The theoretical model must therefore be redefined to accommodate such observed situations. Mercer argues that learning in these situations is based on children having to explain and justify their decisions to each other and describes exploratory talk as exhibiting these features. In his analysis of children's talk, Mercer (ibid) defines three types of talk:


In the article the basic actions and directions of activity of government and public organizations of the USSR connected with preparation for 1980 Olympic Games in Moscow are considered.


Two habitable planetary states are proposed: an aqua planet like the Earth and a land planet that has a small amount of water. Land planets keep liquid water under larger solar radiation compared to aqua planets. Water loss may change an aqua planet into a land planet, and the planet can remain habitable for a longer time than if it had remained an aqua planet. We calculate planetary evolution with hydrogen escape for different initial water inventories and different distances from the central star. We find that there are two conditions necessary to evolve an aqua planet into a land planet: the critical amount of water on the surface (Mml) consistent with a planet being a land planet, and the critical amount of water vapor in the atmosphere (Mcv) that defines the onset of the runaway greenhouse state. We find that Earth-sized aqua planets with initial oceans <10% of the Earth's can evolve into land planets if Mcv = 3 m in precipitable water and Mml = 5% of the Earth's ocean mass. Such planets can keep liquid water on their surface for another 2 Gyr. The initial amount of water and Mcv are shown to be important dividing parameters of the planetary evolution path. Our results indicate that massive hydrogen escape could give a fresh start as another kind of habitable planet rather than the end of its habitability.


Apparatus for simulating a woman's vagina, comprises a pressure chamber, and a vaginal model is placed in the pressure chamber, and means for delivering the liquid into the vagina model, the. The pressure chamber includes an inner, first means for providing a fluid pressure to the pressure chamber, and a second means for providing a localized fluid pressure within the pressure chamber. Vaginal model includes a wall, the wall (1) defining a vaginal lumen extending inwardly from the vaginal opening associated with the bore to the neck port through the outer surface of the pressure chamber, and (2) vaginal front and it has an outer surface including vaginal rear, and (3) having at least one passageway for supplying fluid to the neck port. How to use this device is also disclosed.


Millette et al. (Ecology Letters, 2020, 23:55-67) reported no consistent worldwide anthropogenic effects on animal genetic diversity using repurposed mitochondrial DNA sequences. We reexamine data from this study, describe genetic marker and scale limitations which might lead to misinterpretations with conservation implications, and provide advice to improve future macrogenetic studies.


Magnesium alloys are becoming ever more prevalent in automotive and aerospace industries as energy conservation and performance demands increase. However, it is limited on further application in the automotive field for its low strength compared with steel and aluminum alloys. Effects of Si addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-5%Sn magnesium alloy were also studied using SEM, XRD and tensile testing. The results show that the phases of as-cast alloy are composed of α-Mg, Mg2Sn; Mg2Si. The addition of Si suppresses the precipitation of the Mg2Sn, Product Chinese character shape phases of Mg2Si. With the increase of Si content, the effect becomes more apparent. When Si content is up to 1.25wt%, the grain refining effect reached best level. The average alloy grain size reduced from 90μm to 30μm, the tensile strength is the highest. The average tensile strength increased from 128 MPa to 156 MPa. When the Si added at 1.25wt% or less, the hardness and strength were improved with the increase of Si. When 1.25% Si was added, grain did not become further refinement. While Si content was continue to be increase, the tensile strength decreased.


A necessary requirement for a transmit power amplifier (PA) used in analogue cellular telephones is a low noise output level at the receive frequency. Since the system operates in full duplex, excessive noise from the power amplifier will reduce the receiver sensitivity. A large degree of rejection of this noise is provided by the duplexing filter (s) but limitations on size and cost of these filters places a limit on the allowable PA noise. Thus it is important to be able to measure the noise output of a PA accurately before design-in, to ensure that the overall system specifications are met. This paper discusses typical noise specifications for power amplifiers for 900 MHz analogue cellular telephones and describes a test-set which has been developed to make accurate measurements of noise output under large signal conditions. >


Physical Health Care Within Mental Health Services , This Policy Directive provides direction to NSW mental health services regarding the provision of physical health care to the consumers who use their service. It should be read in conjunction with the NSW Health Guidelines for the Physical Health Care of Mental Health Consumers - GL2009_007.


OBJECTIVE: To analyze the survival rates of cancer patients in 2004 in Pudong new area and provide data for cancer prevention project.METHODS: Subsets of 8 907 cancer patients diagnosed in 2004 in Pudong new area were selected by the Cancer Reporting System in Shanghai.The observed survival rates for different groups of gender,age,geographical distribution and TNM stages were calculated and tested by Life Table and log-rank test.Relative survival rate was calculated using Ederer Ⅱ method.RESULTS: The incidence rate of cancers in Pudong new area in 2004 was 35.75 per million.The observed survival rate of the cancer cases at one to five years was 45.30%,39.74%,36.62%,34.14% and 32.41%,and the relative survival rate(RSR) was 48.44%,44.08%,42.78%,42.51% and 41.64%,respectively.The cancers with a 5-year RSR of more than 40% were colorectal,breast,thyroid,brain and central nervous system and bladder cancers,and the cancers with a 5-year RSR of less than 10% were liver and pancreas cancers.The difference showed statistical significance(χ2 values were 352.298,1 472.077,33.913 and 1 052.113,P0.01) among the different groups' overall survival in gender,age,district and TNM stages respectively.The RSR of 1-,3-and 5-year were decreased with the increased age of incidence(t values were-51.450,-56.551 and-73.479,P0.01).CONCLUSIONS: The survival rate is low for some cancer patients in Pudong new area.The factors affecting the cancer survival are tumor types,gender,age,geographical location and TNM stages of the cancer patients.


From the Publisher:
The 10 Minute Guide to Windows NT Workstation 4.0 offers simple, practical help for busy people who need fast results. Through goal-oriented, 10 minute lessons, you'll learn all the essential tasks for becoming productive immediately with Windows NT 4.0. 10 minutes is all you need to learn how to work with windows; use menus, dialog boxes, and NT accesories; control hardware settings; work with multimedia; create, delete, move, and copy files; share folders; send and receive e-mail; schedule appointments; and attach to a network drive and share resources.


An experiment was conducted for 60 d in a recirculatory system consisting of 20 glass aquariums (each of size 41 3 41 3 46 cm) to evaluate meat and bone meal (MBM) as partial replacement for fish meal (FM) in Macrobrachium rosenbergii postlarvae (PLs) with a view to develop an inexpensive nursery diet. Three nursery diets were formulated to contain 32% protein and to be as isoenergetic as possible. FM in these diets was progressively replaced with MBM (Diet 1 contained 25% FM and 14% MBM, Diet 2 contained 20% FM and 20% MBM, and Diet 3 contained 15% FM and 26% MBM). Inclusion levels of mustard oilcake and sesame meal in diets were kept fixed at 10%. A commercial shrimp nursery diet (30% protein) from Saudi Bangla Fish Feed Ltd., Mymensingh, was used as the reference diet (Diet 4). Each treatment had three replicates. PLs of M. rosenbergii (26 6 0.02 mg) were stocked at the rate of 60 PLs (1 PL/L) in each aquarium. At the beginning, PLs were fed three times daily at a rate of 20% of the body weight and it was gradually reduced to 10% at Day 30. The ranges of water quality parameters in the system were as follows: temperature, 27‐29 C; dissolved oxygen, 6.5‐8.4 mg/L; pH, 6.8‐8.3; and total ammonia, 0.01‐0.15 mg/L. The result of the study showed that there was no significant difference (P . 0.05) between the weight gains of PLs fed Diet 1 (containing 14% MBM) and Diet 4 (reference diet) but was significantly higher than other dietary groups containing higher levels of MBM. Diets 1 and 4 showed significantly lower (P , 0.05) apparent food conversion ratios (1.74 and 1.73, respectively). The survival (%) of PLs ranged between 62 and 76% with PLs fed Diets 1 and 4 showing significantly higher (P , 0.05) survival. The result of the study demonstrated that the MBM could be included at 14% level in a nursery diet, and a diet containing 25% FM, 14% MBM, 10% sesame meal, and 10% mustard oilcake may be recommended for profitable production of PLs of M. rosenbergii.


This study gives a comprehensive view on the settlement development in Urnfield and Hallstatt period in the region of Slovak Central Mountains. The main part of examined cemetries make Lusatian culture burial grounds from Zvolen–Balkan, Žiar nad Hronom– Horne Opatovce, and older material of A. Kmeťs research. The study complements the catalogue of localities and graphical record of analyzed material.