PCT No. PCT/FR90/00507 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 6, 1992 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 6, 1992 PCT Filed Jul. 4, 1990 PCT Pub. No. WO91/00244 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 10, 1991.Process for treating phosphoric acid for removing heavy metal cations, in particular cadmium, and sludges contained in the acid, characterized in that concentrated phosphoric acid having a low solids content is used and in that the calcium sulfate supersaturation of the phosphoric acid is controlled to form a compound of the formula I: (SO4)1-x(PO4)x(H)yCa1-67 M; where x is between 0.5*10-2 and 1*10-1; y is between 0 and x+(delta); (delta) indicates the chemical substitution of calcium by other metal cations; and M represents one or more metal cations contained in the initial phosphoric acid, whose total charge is approximately equal to 2(delta)+x-y. The following "Brief Description of Drawings" has been inserted between lines 19 and 20 on page 4 of the specification to comply with 37 CRF 1.74 and MPEP 608.01(f). The sole FIGURE of the Drawings is a flow diagram illustrating one embodiment of the process according to the present invention.


Abstract : The graduate fellowship was first held by Dan Stamper-Kurn from October 1997 until his graduation on February 1, 2000 and then by Ananth Chikkatur from September 1, 2000 until October 14, 2001. The following papers were published by those two students during the time they were supported by the JSEP fellowship:


Lean manufacturing can be used to minimize waste and reduce non-added value activities in industries. In this era,all sectors in manufacturing want to implement IR 4.0 which is most of the process will use the Internet of Things(IoT). To increase the current IR4.0 level, some waste in the production system must be reduced to implement thenew technology. The purpose of this study is to implement a lean principle for improving process flow using ARENASimulation Software. This study had focused on the frozen food manufacturing industry. The process flow can beefficiency relied on how well the various production facilities, employee's amenities and, machines are in aproduction system. This study had used Arena simulation software to analyze the data and remove the waste from theprocess flow in the production system. Data been collected for three days on 3 batches by using a qualitative methodwhich are interview, observation and time study method. The respondents were from the owner of the company,manager of the production and manager of the quality department. The outcome of this research is the company hadable to reduce the lead time in process flow by improving their layout of production. This lead time had reduced byeliminating waste such as waiting for time, transportation and flow of product. This improvement had increased by10% of productivity in this company.


The study of the interaction of electron beams with electromagnetic fields and of devices based on them is one of the central areas of the science of vibrations and waves. In the 20th century, Physics–Uspekhi published reviews devoted to the theory and description of new devices at that time. The theory and design of these devices and their place in the electromagnetic wave range have changed with time. Relativistic electronics has appeared. The terahertz range is being mastered. Some new facts related to the creation history of the traveling wave tube (TWT) have been discovered and are discussed in this paper. Events in the research biography of Andrei Haeff, Rudolf Kompfner, and John Pierce are described. Along with the TWT history of persons and their fates, the results of some modern TWT studies and developments for various purposes are presented.


The Large carbon footprint of conventional buildings coupled with their high energy consumption in recent years, there is a necessity for an emphasis on the design process of energy efficient high performance green buildings. However, there exists limited research on the integration of green technologies into a high performance green building with a special focus on energy, day lighting and green material. To solve this issue, an integrated design approach is presented from the perspective of making it practical and easier for architects and designers to design a high performance green building. This paper introduces the benefit of application of Environmental Impact Assessment and the integration of various green technologies along with LEED rating system in the design process. Relevant case studies of various green buildings are exemplified and enumerated throughout the paper for the purpose of investigating the practicality of the approach. Lastly, the payback period for the initial cost premium for the construction of a high-performance green building is also given due consideration in the design process.


Data security is a major concern in the e-commerce industry in the Philippines, leading to trust issues among customers regarding the safety of their personal information. Cryptography is a crucial aspect of securing data in e-commerce by providing privacy to data transmission in the presence of potential threats. The study aimed to discuss and understand the improvement of Data Security in the E-commerce industry in the Philippines. A survey was conducted with 21 e-commerce platform users ranging from 18 to 30 years old to evaluate whether cryptography has improved data security in e-commerce from the consumers' perspective. The result showed that most respondents are satisfied with the current data security methods but strongly agreed to improve the E-commerce websites' security further. Thus, the recommendation of Cryptography as a data security method. The findings of this case study highlight that the best cryptography algorithm is the RSA algorithm due to its superior security, effectiveness, and widespread use. Next-generation encryption was found to be the best cryptographic tool, offering multi-layered protection by acting on threat detection across the entire network.


ABSTRACT This paper explores the mechanisms of N. S. Leskov's creative method by examining his sketch "Lady Macbeth of the Mcensk District" (1865). The sketch, which Leskov stylizes as a description of real events that took place in the Mcensk district, is shown to be much more closely connected with the journalistic writing of the early 1860s than with real life. In his choice of subject matter, construction of the protagonist, plot development, and descriptions of nature, Leskov makes use of the most discussed topics from the periodicals of the time, namely, the "woman question" and the "prison question", and also relies on Il'ja Selivanov's crime stories and the mystical stories of Edgar Allan Poe, which were quite popular during the 1860s. Consequently, the sketch, about which Leskov said that he had "made it up", in reality came together under the powerful influence of topical publications in newspapers and magazines.


ABS>A TAC language program, the DSN-TAC Code, was prepared for the Philco Transac S-2000 computer. The code computes the solution of the neutron transport equation for the case of spherical geometry, isotropic scattering, and discrete energy levels. The development of the different equations and procedures to arrive at the solutions are treated in some detail. The DSN-TAC was used for the calculation of several experimental critical assemblies. (auth)


Abstract This paper seeks to make three contributions to our understanding of small state foreign policy. First, the paper explains the foreign policy trajectory of one particular small state, Georgia, which has with limited success followed a foreign policy of inclusion into the West and its institutions. Second, the paper analyses how variations in statehood widen, narrow and transform the strategic options available to small states. Finally, the paper explores a number of small state foreign policy dilemmas and their consequences for policy success.


In holographic and holographic interferometric system, the low lossy single multimode optical fiber (SMF) or incoherent multimode fiber-optic bundle (MFB) if used to guide laser beams for the object illuminated wave, or the coherent fiber-optic bundle is used to transmit the object information or holographic interference fringes to the hologram materially, a speckle field with quasi-homogeneous or inhomogeneous spatial structure must appear in the recorded object wave. This is due to the fact that the output field of a SMF or MFB coherently excited (bylaser) can be regarded as a quasi-homogeneous monochromatic speckle field (QHMSF)2). B.Ya.Zel'dovich, et al studied the theory of construction of those kinds of holograms3). The present study will develope the theory of the specklefield holograms of which the object illuminated and reference waves are both the QHMSF emitted from a MFB based on the B.Ya.Zel'dovic's theory. The experimental results that agree with the theory have been given.


Changes in the distribution of the wing-feather mite Proctophyllodes stylifer (Buckholz 1869) on the flight feathers of blue tits (Parus caeruleus) were studied throughout the seasons and in relati...


This article starts with geometry relation of the crank joystick mechanism at two limit position, building up the analytic relation of the crank and the size of connecting the pole and the known parameter.The method is simple and practical.


Objective To investigate the effect of ginkgodipyidamlum on pulmonary hypertension in patients with chronic pulmonary heart disease(CPHD).Methods Forty-two patients in stable stage were divided into 2 groups:①treatment group(n=27)received ginkgodipyidamlum.②control placebo group(n=15).Color Doppler echocardiographies were carried out before treatment and at 14th,28th days during treatment to measure the velocity of blood backflow at tricuspid valve(Vt),and calculate the xystolic pulmonary arterial pressure(SpAp).Results Vt/Vt2 and SpAp decreased significantly in treatment group as compared with control group(P0.05).Conclusion Ginkgodipyidamlum can decrease SpAp obviously and is a drug of choice for prevent and treatment of CPHD.


Abstract:  We review the case of an elderly woman with invasive lobular breast cancer presenting as malignant ascites. This unusual presentation is discussed, as well as the options for treatment. Most invasive lobular breast cancers are hormone receptor positive and the roles of hormonal and chemotherapy are reviewed.


In this paper, we consider controllability of the initial value problem with non-instantaneous impulse on ordered Banach spaces. We firstly give a solution expression for initial value problems with non-instantaneous impulses in ordered Banach Spaces by using Schauder fixed point theorem. Sufficient conditions for controllability results are obtained by Krasnoselskii's fixed point theorem in the infinite-dimensional spaces. An example is also given to illustrate the feasibility of our theoretical results.


A new genus, Skolomystax n. gen. is described to include the Australian mayflies previously assigned to the genus Centroptilum (Baetidae). Based on an integrated taxonomic analysis of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and morphology, 12 species are assigned to this new genus, comprising two new combinations, S. elongatus (Suter, 1986) n. comb. and S. collendus (Harker, 1957) n. comb., and ten new species described in the nymphal stage: S. brevis n. sp., S. chionotos n. sp., S. dyarrbi n. sp., S. gippslandicus n. sp., S. goorudensis n. sp., S. hawkingi n. sp., S. leichhardti n. sp., S. paschei n. sp., S. tasmaniensis n. sp., and S. vulgaris n. sp. A species known only from the original description by Harker (1957) is assigned as S. collendus n. comb.; the type material is lost, so it is not treated in detail and its validity remains uncertain. Adults of S. elongatus, S. hawkingi n. sp. and S. leichhardti n. sp. are also included. Skolomystax is closely related to Apobaetis, Callibaetis, Callibaetoides and Waltzoyphius, but differs from them in the combination of a wide notch in the labrum with a basal pair of denticles, 3-segmented maxillary palps, hind wing pads present, and single gills without folds. A key to the nymphs of all species of Skolomystax, except S. collendus, is given.


In the operating room surgical staff is exposed to inhalation of smoke from the combustion of tissues when using electrocautery. By introducing peritonectomy in the treatment of malignant neoplasms of the peritoneum exposure to smoke is significantly increased. The procedure consists of removing macroscopic tumor masses combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy. To adequately perform this procedure, high power monopolar cautery is used. The aim of this study was to measure the amount of inhaled carbon monoxide, as the harmful substance found in the smoke liberated during peritonectomy procedures, compared to standard colorectal resections. A total of 360 blood samples from surgeons doing procedures were analysed, divided into two groups. Group A contained blood samples collected during peritonectomy procedures using electrocautery. Group B contained blood samples collected during standard colorectal resections. Samples from total of 30 procedures, 15 in each group, each participated by three surgeons, were collected. Samples were collected at the start of the intervention, in 20th and 40th minutes, and at the end of procedures. Carboxyhemoglobin values of all participants were higher in peritonectomy group. Increase in methemoglobin levels was not statistically significant between two groups. Increase in the value of carboxyhemoglobin with time was measured in control group, but those values did not lead to symptoms of acute poisoning by carbon-monoxide. Results suggest a need to prevent chronic surgical staff CO poisoning by use of personal protective equipment and devices for the evacuation of smoke in each procedure, especially in peritonectomy procedures due to increased production of smoke particles.


Describes the implementation of discrete cosine transform (DCT) algorithms for video compression using reconfigurable logic technology. We present two approaches for the implementation of the DCT. We discuss their time and area limits using Xilinx 4010 look-up table (LUT) based field programmable gate array (FPGA). The result shows a 50% area reduction or 2 times throughput improvement if we use distributed arithmetic instead of conventional arithmetic to implement DCT using LUT-based FPGA.


Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a pivotal mechanism for long-distance intercellular communication and facilitate the stable transport of biological information. Conventional methods for profiling EVs are focused on the biological cargo obtained from large populations of cells and cannot map the secretion of specific subsets of EVs onto their cell of origin. We developed a high-throughput single-cell cloning method that can identify the kinetics of secretion of specific subsets of EVs. With the aid of this methodology, we illustrate that secretion of specific subsets of EVs can be an inheritable property of cancer cells. Our single-cell methodology enables the direct integration of EV secretion with multiple cellular functions and can enable new insights into cell and disease biology. Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate communication in health and disease. Conventional assays are limited in profiling EVs secreted from large populations of cells and cannot map EV secretion onto individual cells and their functional profiles. We developed a high-throughput single-cell technique that enabled the mapping of dynamics of EV secretion. By utilizing breast cancer cell lines, we established that EV secretion is heterogeneous at the single-cell level and that non-metastatic cancer cells can secrete specific subsets of EVs. Single-cell RNA sequencing confirmed that pathways related to EV secretion were enriched in the non-metastatic cells compared with metastatic cells. We established isogenic clonal cell lines from non-metastatic cells with differing propensities for CD81+CD63+EV secretion and showed for the first time that specificity in EV secretion is an inheritable property preserved during cell division. Combined in vitro and animal studies with these cell lines suggested that CD81+CD63+EV secretion can impede tumor formation. In human non-metastatic breast tumors, tumors enriched in signatures of CD81+CD63+EV have a better prognosis, higher immune cytolytic activity, and enrichment of pro-inflammatory macrophages compared with tumors with low CD81+CD63+EVs signatures. Our single-cell methodology enables the direct integration of EV secretion with multiple cellular functions and enables new insights into cell/disease biology.


We present an expanded study of the passivation properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) on p-type crystalline silicon (c-Si). We report a low surface recombination velocity (16 cm/s) for TiO2 passivation layers with a thin tunnelling oxide interlayer (SiO2 or Al2O3) on p-type crystalline silicon (c-Si). The TiO2 films were deposited by thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) at temperatures in the range of 80-300 ̊C using titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) as Ti precursor and water as the oxidant. The influence of TiO2 thickness (5, 10, 20 nm), presence of additional tunneling interlayer (SiO2 or Al2O3), and post-deposition annealing temperature were investigated. We have observed that that SiO2 and Al2O3 interlayers enhance the TiO2 passivation of c-Si. TiO2 thin film passivation layers alone result in lower effective carrier lifetime. Further annealing at 200 ̊C in N2 gas enhances the surface passivation quality of TiO2 tremendously.


Estimates of magnetic field strength in relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei, obtained by measuring the frequency-dependent radio core location, imply that the total magnetic fluxes in those jets are consistent with the predictions of the magnetically arrested disk (MAD) scenario of jet formation. On the other hand, the magnetic field strength determines the luminosity of the synchrotron radiation, which forms the low-energy bump of the observed blazar spectral energy distribution (SED). The SEDs of the most powerful blazars are strongly dominated by the high-energy bump, which is most likely due to the external radiation Compton mechanism. This high Compton dominance may be difficult to reconcile with the MAD scenario, unless (1) the geometry of external radiation sources (broad-line region, hot-dust torus) is quasi-spherical rather than flat, or (2) most gamma-ray radiation is produced in jet regions of low magnetization, e.g., in magnetic reconnection layers or in fast jet spines.


The relationship between tea industry and economic development of Anxi County was analyzed in this paper by using the design of index and data collection as well as the method of correlation calculation.Results showed that there is a high relationship existed between the development of tea industry and the overall economy,primary industry,secondary industry and tertiary industry of Anxi.The high-speed development of tea industry is the important factor promoting the economic development of Anxi County.


OBJECTIVE
To study the outcome of IgG- and IgM-seropositive cases of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in pregnancy.

STUDY DESIGN
The VZV immune status of 120 pregnant women who had been exposed to VZV and did not recall a history of VZV infection was determined, and 109 were VZV immune. Eleven women were both IgG and IgM seropositive, and the outcomes of their pregnancies were studied.

RESULTS
Nine of the 11 VZV IgM-, IgG-seropositive pregnant women were asymptomatic, without fetal damage.

CONCLUSION
The majority of the women were asymptomatic, but no statement about the relative risk of being affected by the virus can be made.


In order to control the flow and noise of impinging jet,a shield method with microjets is carried out.The flow and acoustic properties of impinging jet,with and without the shield or without microjets,have been measured.The far-field acoustic measurements clearly show that the use of shield can eliminates the impinging tones for supersonic impinging jet.However,the shield method can not significantly suppress the impinging tones for subsonic jet.Contrast,microjets can eliminate the impinging tones at both supersonic and subsonic case. To understand the physical mechanism of these controls effectiveness,the particle image velocimetry technique(PIV) is used.The detailed PIV measurements reveal that the flow pattern can change when only shield method is employed for subsonic impinging jet.The large-scale structures and turbulent intensity at impinging plant are significantly reduced when the shield method is on for supersonic impinging jet.The large-scale structures will become much smaller and weaker when the shield method with microjets is used for both supersonic and subsonic case.


ObjectiveTo know the occurrence and distribution of adverse drug reaction (ADR), providing a scientific basis for clinical rational use of drugs, so as to enhance the level of clinical rational use of drugs and to protect the public to use drugs safely and effectively. Method Statistical analysis of 120 cases of ADR report collected in our hospital from April 2006 to April 2008. Results Of ADR drugs, intravenous ADR 64 cases (53.3%), oral administration of 42 cases (35.0%), intravenous injection, subcutaneous injection of 3 cases each (2.5%), muscle injection of 5 cases (4.2%), external use of 2 cases (1.6%), aerosol inhalation of one case (0.8%). Conclusions The occurrence of adverse drug reactions was related to a variety of factors. We should strengthen all-round monitoring of adverse drug reactions, speed up the information transfer of ADR, promote the clinical rational use of drugs in order to reduce and prevent the occurrence of adverse reactions.


Hydrogen is a clean energy that generates only water upon burning and it releases high amount of energy (122 kJ/g) by combustion. Photo-biological hydrogen production by purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria is one of promising methods. Purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria can produce hydrogen by nitrogenase under photo-heterotrophic condition. In recent years, many researchers make efforts to improve its efficiency of biological hydrogen production. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is accumulated as carbon and energy storage material under unbalanced growth. The synthesis of PHB may compete with hydrogen production for energy and reducing power. In addition, maximum hydrogen production rate usually takes place during early stationary phase. Therefore, energy distribution between cell growth, hydrogen production and PHB accumulation is an important issue. Besides, dark fermentation effluent containing various volatile organic acids is suitable for purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria to produce hydrogen. To treat wastewater and recycle clean energy efficiently by biological method are also essential. In this research, Rhodopseudomonas palustris WP3-5 and its PHB synthase-deficient mutant Rps. palustris M23 were used in batch experiments to explore energy distribution between cell growth, hydrogen production and PHB accumulation under different culture conditions. This study also tried to isolate purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria from environment, and tested their ability to produce hydrogen using different volatile organic acids. Then, hydrogen production and treatment efficiency in co-culture system with Rps. palustris WP3-5 were evaluated and continuous photosynthetic hydrogen production was performed. From the results, Rps. palustris WP3-5 accumulated PHB in growth phase, and PHB could be utilized as another carbon and energy source when its content reached maximum value. Microorganism ceased growing when nitrogen source was exhausted, and used excess energy to produce more hydrogen in stationary phase. Rps. palustris WP3-5 could not synthesize PHB under low concentration of carbon source because substrate was degraded rapidly, and there were no difference of hydrogen production between wild-type strain and mutant Rps. palustris M23. When concentration of carbon source was three times higher, cumulated hydrogen volume and substrate conversion efficiency of Rps. palustris WP3-5 were better than Rps. palustris M23. This result coincided with other experiments in different culture conditions. But when using malate as carbon source, Rps. palustris WP3-5 had lower substrate degrading rate and cumulated hydrogen volume, and PHB was not accumulated. Different species of purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria had different substrate assimilation pathway when using same carbon source and accumulated PHB content might be different. Rps. palustris WP3-5 used most energy to produce hydrogen in stationary phase and PHB content was below 10% cell dry weight, accounting for less than 5% of the substrate electrons utilized. This portion of energy might partially redistribute to synthesize soluble microbial product (SMP). Therefore, the competition relationship between hydrogen production and PHB accumulation was insignificant. In second part, several purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria were isolated, and there were no obvious difference in utilizing volatile organic acids to produce hydrogen between these strains. Hydrogen production was not improved and competition for energy might exist in co-culture system. Additionally, new designed photo-bioreactor was used for Rps. palustris WP3-5 to produce hydrogen continuously when using tungsten filament lamp as light source. Operating hydraulic retention time from 2 day to 3 day, gas production rate was highest in initial period, up to 317.6 mL gas/L culture-day. MLSS was always between 220 and 360 mg/L, and MLSS wasn't enhanced by changing operational strategies. Thinking of light transmission efficiency and problem of light shielding effect caused by high biomass concentration, experimental results was not as expected, and this photo-bioreactor might not favorable for continuous hydrogen production by purple non-sulfur photosynthetic bacteria.


This article reviews the many changes that have occurred at the Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport (ANC, Anchorage, Alaska, United States) since the early 1960's, when the Anchorage airport was first recognized as the "Air Crossroads of the World." The author notes that the airport's strategic location has attracted nearly every major air cargo carrier operating in Asia and North America. Air cargo has expanded rapidly over the last dozen years and has dramatically increased the number of cargo flights utilizing ANC for refueling and technical stops. Today the airport ranks number one in the U.S. for landed gross weight and ranks fifth largest in the world for cargo tonnage. The airport has nearly finished the final phase of the Terminal Redevelopment Project (TRP), which included extensive seismic upgrades, renovation of the concourses, gate lounges, ticket counters, retail concession spaces, and airline operations areas. In addition, the airport's building systems' infrastructure was upgraded with modern mechanical and electrical technology investments. Another airfield project involved rehabilitation and extension of one of the runways. The author concludes by reporting the role of the airport as a component of the economy of Anchorage and the state of Alaska.


Objective To determine the effect site concentration of sufentanil based on the Target Controlled Infusion(TCI) of propofol-sufentanil and the endotrachea surface anesthesia to induce tracheal intubation response in 50% of myasthenia gravis(MG) patients(Ce50) anesthetized without muscle relaxant.Methods Twenty ASA ⅠorⅡ MG patients undergoing thymectomy(Ⅰ type 3 people;Ⅱa type 4 people;Ⅱb type 10 people;Ⅲ type 1 people;Ⅳ type 2 people;V type 0 people)were enrolled.Anesthesia was induced with both propofol and sufentanil given by TCI.The target plasma site concentration of propofol was set at 4μg/ml throughout induction,and the different target effect site concentration of sufentanil was set 0.10 ng/ml,0.15ng/ml,0.23 ng/ml,0.34 ng/ml,0.5ng/ml respectively.The Ce50 was determined by up and down sequential trial.The ratio of two consecutive target site concentration was 1.5.The topical anesthesia of endotrachea combined with intubation.BP,HR and bispectral index(BIS) were monitored during induction and intubation.Results The Ce50 of sufentanil Ce for intubation was 0.22ng/ml.The 95% confidence interval was 0.17~0.28 ng/ml.Conclusion The Ce50 of sufentanil at target plasma site concentration of propofol of 4μg/ml is 0.22ng/ml when the topical anesthesia of endotrachea conducts while intubating without muscle relaxant.


In the face of the faint young sun-climate paradox, the plausible effects of dynamical heat-flux feedbacks on global stability were examined using a coupled high- and low-latitude radiative-dynamical model. The global stability is found to depend very strongly on the vertical heat transport, which is also closely coupled to the meridional heat transport. This coupling and the associated dynamical heat-flux feedbacks, treated within the framework of the radiative-dynamical model, was found to produce a fairly strong negative feedback. Our results indicate that the dynamical heat-flux feedbacks inherent in the climate system may potentially enhance the global stability.


Abstract. Three approaches for determining the stable isotopic composition (δ13C and δ18O) of soil CO efflux were compared. A new technique employed mini-towers, constructed of open-topped piping, that were placed on the soil surface to collect soil-emitted CO2. Samples were collected along a vertical gradient and analyzed for CO2 concentration and isotopic composition. These data were then used to produce Keeling plots to determine the δ18O and δ13C of CO2 emitted from the soil. These results were then compared to the δ18O and δ13C of soil-respired CO2 measured with two other techniques: (1) flux chambers and (2) estimation from the application of the diffusional fractionation factor to measured values of below ground soil CO2 and to CO2 in equilibrium with soil water δ18O. Mini-tower δ18O Keeling plots were linear and highly significant (0.81 0.96), in contrast to chamber δ18O Keeling plots, which showed significant curvature, necessitating the use of a mass balance to calculate the δ18O of respired CO2. In the chambers, the values determined for the δ18O of soil respired CO2 approached the value of CO2 in equilibrium with surficial soil water, and the results were significantly δ18O enriched relative to the mini-tower results and the δ18O of soil CO2 efflux determined from soil CO2. There were close agreements between the three methods for the determination of the δ13C of soil efflux CO2. Results suggest that the mini-towers can be effectively used in the field for determining the δ18O and the δ13C of soil-respired CO2.


In this paper, the Single Relaxation Time Lattice Boltzmann Method (SRT-LBM) is applied to study. Two-Dimensional viscous flow past a circular cylinder confined in a channel has been used for simulation. Computations are carried out for different Reynolds numbers. Lattice Boltzmann equations using single relaxation times are intended to be unstable at low viscosities.


This research aims to develop a portable haptic master hand with 20 degrees of freedom (DOF). Master hands are used as haptic interfaces in master-slave systems. A masterslave system consists of a haptic interface that communicates with a virtual world or an end-effector for tele-operation, such as a robot hand. The thumb and fingers are usually modeled as a serial linkage mechanism with 4 DOF. So far, no 20 DOF master hands are developed that can exert perpendicular forces on the finger phalanges during the complete flexion and extension motion. In this paper, the design and development of a portable 4 DOF haptic interface for the index finger is presented. The concept utilizes a mechanical tape brake at the rolling-link mechanism (RLM) for passive force feedback. The systematic Pahl and Beitz design approach is used as an iterative design method. Important design requirements are; perpendicular forces on the finger phalanges, low friction mechanism, easy to control, no backlash, high backdrivability and lightweight


In Greece there are two types of domestic adoption: adoptions through state institutions and by private agreement. Both routes have been subject to considerable criticism because of the delays involved and the dysfunctional system that fails to prevent semi-legal or illegal activities. Katerina Nanou reports on the findings from a case-based study that explored concerns about the Greek domestic adoption system. Legal, policy documents and press articles were analysed and face-to-face interviews were conducted with lawyers, social workers and adopters. The study found that legislation was being subverted and bypassed, corruption was tolerated and that illegal practices were being justified.


Grooming Marvellous has staff professionally trained by a local well-established groomer. I myself have 10 years of grooming experience in practicing from home on friends' and families' dogs.


Direct numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the turbulence statistics and coherent structures in a fluid flow through a conical diffuser for three opening angles of 2°, 4°, and 8°. To simulate the flow in the conical diffuser, we introduced the generalized coordinates for the streamwise and radial directions and used a cylindrical coordinate along the azimuthal direction. The adverse pressure gradient affected, the axisymmetric flow such that the streamwise component of the turbulence intensity was sensitive to the diffuser in the outer region. The maximum Reynolds shear stress increased as the opening angle increased. The premultiplied energy spectra showed that the most energetic wall-normal height and its wave length increased when the opening angle increased. Time-resolved instantaneous flow fields and two-point correlation functions provided evidence for the streamwise merging of low-speed streaking structures. The outer vortical structures shifted toward the diffuser axis as the flow passed the diffuser throat. The swirling motions of the individual hairpins in the outer region were stronger in the diffuser flow than in the straight pipe flow.


In this paper we consider general conoid surfaces. We consider mathematical and constructional aspects of these surfaces. In the constructional meaning conoids are thin shells which are used for spatial roof structures either in complete form or in parts. In mathematical sense it is a geometrical surface on which it is possible to determine rotational and translational fields and check the rigidity.


The figure shows a comparison of the monthly averages of sunspot-numbers, terrestrial-magnetic activity (horizontal range) as measured at Cheltenham (Maryland), and the daytime radio field-strength of signals received in Washington from the transmitting stations FYL at Bordeaux, France (f = 15.9 kc, λ = 18,900 m) and DFW at Nauen, Germany (f = 23.4kc, λ = 12,800m).

The resemblance of the sunspot-curve to the other three is not close, but the similarity in the changes in magnetic activity to those in daylight signal-strength seems to be. unmistakable. The resemblance of the Bordeaux signal-curve to that of the magnetic activity seems closer even than the resemblance between the two signal-curves. The deep drop of both the magnetic and signal-values in November (more rarely in December) is especially striking. This early winter drop in signals has often been noticed, and in the case of transmission between Europe and America, has been sometimes ascribed to the proximity of the signal-path to the area of Arctic darkness. It now appears that this and other seasonal variations both in magnetic activity and east-west long-wave signal-strength may be due to common causes.


Different statistical methods for face recognition have been proposed in recent years and different research groups have reported contradictory results when comparing them. The goal of this paper is to present an independent, comparative study of three most popular appearance-based face recognition algorithms (PCA, ICA and LDA) in completely equal working conditions. The motivation was the lack of direct and detailed independent comparisons in all possible algorithm implementations (e.g. all algorithm-metric combinations). FERET data set will be used for consistency with other studies. It will be shown that no particular algorithm-metric combination is the optimal across all standard FERET tests and that choice of appropriate algorithm-metric combination can only be made for a specific task.


AmericaView is a rapidly-growing national consortium of state-based partnerships involving academia with state-based and national government agencies as well as industry and non-profits; its goal is to increase applications for remote sensing throughout the United States. The primary partner for AmericaView is the Land Remote Sensing Program of the United States Geological Survey. Education and training are the foundations of AmericaView. Initiating, enhancing, and supporting the academic use of remote sensing and related geospatial technologies prepares the future and current workforce to apply these technologies effectively; AmericaView engages in numerous activities at K-12, undergraduate, graduate, and professional development levels. Applied research is the second major element in the AmericaView program; specific projects range from providing mini-grants to undergraduate and graduate students, to developing small, focused pilot projects, to larger-scale projects involving a consortium of states. AmericaView's challenge over the next several years will be to continue funding students in their academic research, while expanding the geographic scope and complexity of projects. An early element of the program involved making imagery freely available for applied projects through state-wide archives, to promote applications development. With the free data access from the U. S. Geological Survey a reality, StateViews are now focused on maintaining the archives as outreach tools that gather state-centric data sets in useable formats; StateViews use the availability of the archive to strengthen their consortia and bring together end users and applied researchers. They also provide a location for the donation, consolidation, and preservation of important and timely data sets.


There are several factors that can cause a program of an organization
does not succeed. The factors, one of which is planning, because the success of a
program, depends on how the planning was. It needs great strategic planning to
anticipate errors.
In this study, researcher tried to explain the interpersonal communication
planning that has been done in Hoshizora Foundation in building trust on donors.
This study used a qualitative method. The data were collected through in-depth
interviews, observations, and documentation. To check the validity, researcher
also used data from triangulation sources.
The conclusion of this research is that Hoshizora Foundation uses three
types of interpersonal communication in its planning, such as social
conversations, interviews, and intimate interactions and those have done many
innovations in communicating with donors. Programs that involving donors, use
of language in accordance with required situation, providing updates to donors,
appreciating the donors, collaborating with companies and media, as well as the
transparency to build donors trust in the organization.


10540 Background: Due to the extensive initial distant tumour spread in metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma, the importance of local treatment is sometimes underestimated. A retrospective study was conducted to identify the prognostic value of aggressive local treatment in paediatric metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma. Methods: Patients with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma age 1 to 21 treated in France from 1998 to 2011 according to European protocols MMT-4-89, 4-91, 98 and recent national guidelines were selected. Survival comparison were performed between patients with "aggressive local treatment" (surgery and radiotherapy) and exclusive surgery or radiotherapy, after exclusion of patients with early progression. Endpoints were event-free and overall survival (OS). Results: A total of 101 children, median age 9 years, with majority of primaries in unfavourable sites (73 patients, pts), T2 tumours (66 pts), alveolar subtypes (65 pts) and large tumours (> 5cm, 83 pts) received various chemotherapy regimens. On univariate an...


In this paper,the promotion function of scientific research on teaching in colleges and universities has been discussed.It is emphasized that teaching and scientific research can not be separated in the university.On the one hand,teaching is the driving force for teachers engaged in scientific research,on the other hand,the scientific research is the key to improve the quality of teaching,and also provides an effective guarantee for teachers engaged in teaching.The comprehensive and high level scientific research makes best for active recessive university cultural construction that is full of creativity,which make it possible to cultivate the talents with creative spirit and practical ability.


The price of nickel is maintaining high level due to the demand continuing to outstrip supply, therefore the stainless steel, which is the largest consumer of nickel, has been maintaining a high-price. In this review, the way of nickel saving by more than half and the comparison of properties between the nickel saving stainless steels and Type 304 were reviewed, and the problem caused by the use of the nickel saving stainless steels were discussed. Nickel saving stainless steels have the following 4 types; martensitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels, duplex stainless steels and Cr-Mn-Ni austenitic stainless steels. Nickel saving stainless steels have both superior and inferior points as compared to Type 304, however they have a large possibility of substitution for Type 304. Further expansion of the use of nickel saving stainless steels is expected if the properties required for the stainless steel are reconsidered for proper demands.


This communication proposes an E-pulse-based scheme for radar target discrimination that provides asymptotically correct results for any level of additive white noise contaminating the radar signal. After multiple sampling of the signal dispersed by the target, it is analytically shown that the cross correlation between the output signals of the E-pulse designed for the standard target, corresponding to two different sampling periods, is asymptotically null, regardless of the amount of contaminating noise. The results obtained by simulation have allowed us to propose a discrimination criterion that produces better results than the original E-pulse technique at very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels.


Background: Chronic pain is a complex and common condition, often affecting functioning across a wide range of outcomes as pain interferes with daily activities. The understanding of mechanisms for development and maintenance is however limited, with chronic pain syndromes being the result of a complex matrix of biopsychosocial factors reciprocally impacting each other. Medical treatments are often insufficient in reducing suffering and increasing functioning. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) targets psychological flexibility – the ability to continue towards a valued direction in life, despite inner distress and obstacles – and is a promising treatment approach. Access to ACT treatment is limited, and internet-delivery could improve access and reach. Aim: The purpose of this thesis was to develop a feasible and effective internet-delivered ACT intervention for adults with chronic pain, and increase our understanding of potential mechanisms in pain-related disability and treatment. Methods: Four studies were conducted. In study I we used a cross-sectional design to evaluate validity aspects of the Valuing Questionnaire (VQ). In study II, also using a crosssectional design, psychological flexibility was examined as a potential resilience factor for persons with chronic pain. Study III investigated the feasibility and potential efficacy of iACT – a novel internet-delivered treatment in a microlearning format – for clinical and selfreferred adults with chronic pain. An open pilot design was used. In study IV a randomized controlled trial design was used to compare the efficacy of iACT to a waitlist control group. Primary outcome was pain interference, secondary outcomes were psychological inflexibility, value orientation, quality of life (QoL), pain intensity, anxiety, insomnia and depressive symptoms. Results: VQ had adequate model fit and internal consistency, and also contributed to the variance in pain interference, depressive symptoms and QoL. In study II, PF was found to be a candidate for a modifiable resilience factor in chronic pain. In study III results indicated that the iACT treatment was feasible and preliminary efficacious for both clinical and selfreferred patients. In study IV, participants in the iACT arm showed improvements compared to the WLC across all nine outcomes investigated. Conclusions: Values can be effectively assessed with the brief self-rating questionnaire VQ. Psychological flexibility may be a modifiable resilience factor for the development and maintenance of chronic pain. A micro-learning format of ACT via the internet can be both feasible and efficacious as to increase functioning across a wide range of outcomes for chronic pain patients. The studies in this thesis provides a groundwork for future scientific investigations of some of the psychological mechanisms relevant for chronic pain. LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS I. Rickardsson J., Zetterqvist V., Kemani M.K., Holmström L., Andersson E., Wicksell R.K. (2019). Assessing values – Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Valuing Questionnaire in adults with chronic pain. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science.14: 40-49. II. Gentili C., Rickardsson J., Zetterqvist V., Simons L.E., Lekander M., Wicksell R.K. (2019). Psychological Flexibility as a Resilience Factor in Individuals With Chronic Pain. Frontiers in Psychology. Vol 10; article nr 2016 III. Rickardsson, J., Zetterqvist, V., Gentili, C., Andersson, E., Holmström, L., Lekander, M., Persson, M., Persson, J., Ljótsson, B., Wicksell, R. K. (2020). Internet-delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (iACT) for chronic pain – feasibility and preliminary effects in clinical and self-referred patients. mHealth. 2020:02. IV. Rickardsson, J., Gentili, C., Holmström, L., Zetterqvist, V., Andersson, E., Persson, J., Lekander, M., Ljótsson, B., Wicksell, R. K. iACT – internetdelivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as microlearning for chronic pain. A randomized controlled study with one-year follow-up. In manuscript. CONTENTS


Reading and writing difficulties are markers for some forms of learning disorders, and measuring the distance between the child's performance and an expected level of attainment is a common approach to diagnosis. However, there are several problems with relying on the gap between achievement and expectation for arriving at a diagnosis, not least because the approach is essentially blind to the child's history of opportunity. An alternative approach offers children tiers of individualised programmes, and their changing strengths and weaknesses informs the diagnosis. This article reports the findings of an exploratory study analysing the change scores of ten children who were reading two years behind their class level. We offered a two-tiered language intervention, embedded within a whole class programme, using the children's narrative writing for examining change. Our findings suggest that the profile of strengths and weaknesses gathered from a school-based intervention is a valuable complement to a clinical assessment.


Racial disparities in the education setting are well-documented, including suspensions and expulsion for Black children beginning in pre-school. Racial bias has been hypothesized as a factor contributing to these disparities. However, little is known about the racial attitudes that childcare educators and staff have toward children. To describe levels of implicit and explicit racial bias toward children among early childhood educators, we measured implicit pro-White/anti-Black racial bias of teachers and staff from three urban childcare centers using the Child Race Implicit Association Test (IAT). Explicit bias was measured using a racial preference scale. Of the 48 participants in this sample, 56% were White, 29% Black, and 10% Hispanic. Although 21% (n = 10) of participants had no racial bias on the Child Race IAT, most had implicit pro-White bias ranging from weak to strong (n = 29%and 60%). The remaining participants had implicit pro-Black bias ranging from weak to strong (n = 9%and 19%). In contrast, 95% of participants reported no having no explicit racial preferences toward White or Black children. Additionally, we asked participants about perceptions, knowledge, and beliefs about sources of early childhood disparities. Knowledge of bias can be used in developing strategies to mitigate bias and reduce disparities in childcare settings.


This study aims to look at conflict management on reducing work stress during the COVID-19 pandemic seen from an Islamic perspective. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study design, by looking at the tendency of work stress in postgraduate students of UIN Raden Intan Lampung. the proactive model sourced from the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, the SALAM model, namely see, agree, learn, advising, and minimizing, and the SNT model, namely Shura (consultation), Naseeha (advice), and Ta'awun (cooperation). The results of the intervention show that the tendency of stress to decrease when applying conflict management is seen from an Islamic perspective during the COVID-19 pandemic.


In article are considered official documents, maps and scientific publications of the eighteenth century about the attempts to settle the Kuril problem within the existing concepts of law and justice in the Russian Empire and Japan


The invention discloses a terminal hose device of a concrete pump truck. The device comprises a hose (11), a traction component and an elastic element, wherein the traction component is used for controlling the movement direction of the hose (11); the elastic element is arranged outside the hose (11) and extends and retracts along the axial direction of the hose (11); the two end parts along the extension and retraction direction of the elastic element are connected with the side wall of the hose (11) respectively; one end part of the traction component is connected with the elastic element; when operation personnel control the hose device, the acting force for the hose (11) to move in the axial direction is only required to be overcome; the hose device can be easily controlled on the basis of guaranteeing that the hose (11) can move along the axial direction; and the personal safety of the operation personnel can be improved. In addition, the invention also provides the concrete pump truck comprising the terminal hose device.


In nuclear fusion technology, as it is applied in the fusion reactor ITER, tritium is used as fuel to promote deuterium - tritium fusion reactions. As a result of tritium handling, considerable amounts of tritiated water are produced in the different subsystems of the reactor. Therefore, the ITER Tritium Plant will be equipped with a Water Detritiation System for the recovery of tritium from water. Tritium will be recovered as fuel and its release to the environment has to be minimized. During the operation of the ITER Water Detritiation System up to 150 m3/h hydrogen will be produced. Tritium is removed from the hydrogen stream down to an environmentally compatible concentration. The hydrogen can not be further used; therefore it is intended to dispose of it by a simple, safe and proven process. This paper presents a study of different process options: a burner with combustion chamber, catalytic combustion in a conventional catalyst bed, catalytic combustion in a passive autocatalytic recombiner and catalytic combustion in a microchannel reactor. The options are compared under the aspects of safety, investment costs and costs of operation and maintenance. A proposal for ITER will be presented.


A novel prediction model based on Least Squares Support Vector Machine(LS-SVM) with application in the milling area was proposed.Firstly,according to the basic of the design theory in orthogonal experiments and features with milling,the effect of milling technological parameters on surface roughness was analyzed. Secondly,through analyzing the experiment data,some laws about the effect of different parameters such as spindle speed,desired rate and cutting depth were found.Finally,LS-SVM regression algorithm was used to set up milling prediction model,by which the roughness could be predicted from technological parameters on the limited test data.The practical experimental results showed that the speed of presented model was 2-3 power level higher,while accuracy predicted was about 10 times,that of Back-Propagation(BP) network model under the same circumstances.


Using a three-stage dielectric packed-bed plasma reactor at atmospheric pressure, the destruction of ethylene, a typical volatile organic compound, and the generation of major by-products have been studied by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. A test gas mixture air at a gas flow of 1 slm containing 0.12% humidity with 0.1% ethylene has been used. In addition to the fragmentation of the precursor gas, the evolution of the concentration of ten stable reaction products, CO, CO2, O3, NO2, N2O, HCN, H2O, HNO3, CH2O, and CH2O2 has been monitored. The concentrations of the by-products range between 5 ppm, in the case of NO2, and 1200 ppm, for H2O. By the application of three sequentially working discharge cells at a frequency of f = 4 kHz and voltage values between 9 and 12 kV, a nearly complete decomposition of C2H4 could be achieved. Furthermore, the influence of the specific energy deposition (SED) on the destruction process has been studied and the maximum value of SED was about 900 J l−1. Th...


The framework for the strategic development, which imparts integrated company, the innovative nature of the acts diversification of business. Diversification of the business, viewed as a strategic alternative promotes market maneuverability industrial company and is a key corporate strategy. An important feature of formation of corporate diversification strategies for innovation-oriented enterprise is a multi-versioning and multidirectivity of this process. Various innovations can lead to various features of diversification of the business, so in real validity of the corporate strategy of diversification is included and diversification into related and unrelated industry, and vertical integration, and the development of global strategies penetration (fixation) of the international markets.


Genome-scale data are increasingly being used to infer phylogenetic trees. A major challenge in such inferences is that different regions of the genome may have local topologies that differ from the species tree due to incomplete lineage sorting (ILS). Another source of gene tree discrepancies is estimation errors arising from the randomness of the mutational process during sequence evolution. There are two major groups of methods for estimating species tree from whole-genome data: a set of full likelihood methods, which model both sources of variance, but do not scale to large numbers of independent loci, and a class of faster approximation methods which do not model the mutational variance. To bridge the gap between these two classes of methods, we present COAL_PHYRE (COmposite Approximate Likelihood for PHYlogenetic REconstruction), a composite likelihood based method for inferring population size and divergence time estimates of rooted species trees from aligned gene sequences. COAL_PHYRE jointly models coalescent variation across loci using the MSC and variation in local gene tree reconstruction using a normal approximation. To evaluate the accuracy and speed of the method, we compare against BPP, a powerful MCMC full-likelihood method, as well as ASTRAL-III, a fast approximate method. We show that COAL_PHYRE's divergence time and population size estimates are more accurate than ASTRAL, and comparable to those obtained using BPP, with an order of magnitude decrease in computational time. We also present results on previously published data from a set of Gibbon species to evaluate the accuracy in topology and parameter inference on real data, and to illustrate the method's ability to analyze data sets which are prohibitively large for MCMC methods.


The article discusses the book Die Geburt des russländischen Imperiums by Ricarda Vulpius, a publication that tracks the emergence of the conceptual background for governing the growing Russian Empire in the eighteenth century, when territorial gains rendered the country increasingly multinational, multi-faith and multicultural. In this paper, the book was treated as an inspiration for examining the relationship between the practices employed by Russia on newly acquired territories in the east and south of Asia, described by Vulpius in the book, and the Russian Empire's policy towards Poland.


ABSTRACT To the Editor:— I would like to comment on a recent MEDICAL NEWS report, "Non-contractile Heart Area Excised, Preventing Failure" (204: April 22, 1968, adv p 26), which summarizes a paper presented at a meeting of the American College of Physicians by Falsetti and Schimert. Four cases are described, in which a noncontractile or akinetic zone of myocardium was excised, with survival of two.Akinesia rather than dyskinesia as responsible for cardiac failure in such cases is not necessarily the explanation. Calcified aneurysms of the ventricle, even when huge, are compatible with long survival, without cardiac failure. Figure 1 illustrates such a case in a 77-year-old man, who had the lesion for 17 years. A roentgen kymogram of the same heart, demonstrates absence of pulsation in the calcified aneurysm (Fig 2). Crastnopol et al demonstrated in dogs that Teflon prostheses could replace excised myocardium, with survival for more than a


We construct an asymptotic expansion in powers of the coupling constant directly of the cross-section for pair production and decay of fundamental unstable particles. The resonant and kinematic singularities arising in the expansion we treat in the sense of distributions. This mode allows us to transform formally divergent integrals into absolutely convergent ones with keeping the asymptotic property of the expansion. The appropriate procedure is elaborated up to an arbitrary order of the expansion. The peculiarity of application of the procedure in the threshold region is analysed. The scheme of the calculations within the NNLO approximation is explicitly discussed.


Regardless of short ruling period of North Zhou, Buddhism developed very rapidly, which is related to the advocate of rulers and popular belief of common people at that time. Artistic statues in this period basically abandoned features of being delicate and fine of North Wei and West Wei Dynasty, and came up with distinctive features of being healthy and fit of North Zhou Style.


To study the effect of explicit curriculum of mental health education in university students'mental health.The froshes of a university participated in the natural instruction experiment,and the questionnaire of SCL90 was used to 88 subjects sampled by two-stage randomn sampling.The SCL90 scores of the posterior measurement were significantly lower than those of the anterior measurement in the dimensions of obsessive-compulsive,interpersonal sensitivity,sleep eating,totall score and positive itemon;there was a significant quadratic growth trend among the results of the three repeated measurements,but the significant linear growth trend wasn't foud;the effects of gouping and teacher were not significant.Explicit curriculum of mental health education can improve university students'mental health.


Abstract In 1998, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that prosecuting people for HIV-status nondisclosure would neither affect people's willingness to undergo HIV testing, specifically, nor undermine HIV prevention, more generally. Since that time, limited research has explored this topic. This paper reports a survey of a convenience sample of 721 gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. The aim was to examine participants' sexually transmitted infection (STI) and HIV testing practices, sexual activities, and perceptions about nondisclosure prosecutions. Results suggest that nondisclosure prosecutions appear to have affected the STI testing practices of the participants in this research who were: (a) the most likely to have reported a sexual history involving unprotected receptive anal sex, and (b) least likely to have undergone testing for STIs.


Abstract : This paper surveys the Japanese literature on wage determination highlighting the debate between institutional and human capital explanations of interfirm wage differentials. Both approaches predict (and find) that years of tenure in the current firm are more highly rewarded than outside experience, but do not explain adequately the systematic differences in this valuation of experience across industry, firm size and occupation. An alternative hypothesis linking technical change to skills and wage differentials is reviewed and shown to be supported empirically. (Author)


Today we take for granted the division of labor in the courtroom whereby judges have the exclusive authority to determine the law applicable to a given case, while juries decide questions of fact. Yet this strict separation of powers did not become a fact of American legal life until the mid-19th Century, and was not recognized by the United States Supreme Court as a constitutional principle until the 1890s. Legal historians, while certainly aware of the tradition of the law-finding jury in early American legal practice, have thus far failed to fully explore its significance as a reflection of early American legal thought or the changes in American legal thought that brought about its end. This paper explores the demise of the law-finding jury and the historiography surrounding it in order to make two arguments. First, looking to history, it argues that the establishment of a strict separation of powers in the courtroom was not merely a product of political conflicts or increasing complexity in American society, but was in fact a reflection of a fundamental shift in the mainstream American ideology of the law, away from the colonial ideal of law as organic and innate to the citizen and towards an ideology of law as science. Next, looking to the present, this paper argues that, since a century of legal scholarship has obliterated the law-as-science ideology that justified relegating the jury the role of fact finder in the first place, we must reconsider our commitment to the current division of labor in the courtroom if it is to have any justification other than adherence to tradition.


This work deals with the problem of fashioning a fast and accurate data classification, learning it from a possibly small set of information that might be already categorized. The proposed method is primarily based on the framework of the so-called Logical Analysis of Data (LAD), but enriched with facts received from statistical considerations on the records. The accuracy of the proposed approach is compared to that of the usual LAD algorithm, on publicly available datasets of the UCI repository.


We derive an expression for the static electric polarizability of a charged particle bound by a finite potential well by employing the elegant Dalgarno-Lewis perturbative technique. The derivation does not make explicit use of the continuum states, is much simpler than the usual perturbation derivation, and allows us to separate the contributions to the polarizability from the classically forbidden and classically allowed regions of the finite potential well.


Posttraumatic parkinsonism (PTP) secondary to a strategically located lesion is extremely rare. PTP patients may improve with levodopa, as in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, whereas L-dopa–induced motor complications are frequent in PD, they have not yet been reported in PTP cases. On the other hand, the occurrence of motor complications secondary to a static and nondegenerative lesion in the substantia nigra (SN) is well documented in animal models. A 74-year-old man suffered a head trauma at age 37 after a car crash, that resulted in coma and a mild residual left hemiparesis. One month after recovering consciousness, he noticed rest and action tremor of his left hand and slowness of left limbs. He responded well to L-dopa treatment, but 10 years later, he reported a shorter duration of effect for each L-dopa dose and involuntary movements of left hemiface and upper limb. We first saw him 38 years after onset when he was autonomous for the activities of daily living, and had no symptoms in the right side of his body, postural instability, or non-motor symptoms. However, formal neuropsychological evaluation was not performed to exclude mild cognitive or mood dysfunction. He was taking 750 mg of L-dopa (250 mg 33) with wearing-off 1 hour before each L-dopa dose. In the practically defined off state, we observed a moderate left hemiparkinsonism (scoring 29 in the Movement Disorders Society (MDS)–Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, Testing of Motor function [UPDRS part III]), and a dystonic posturing of left foot was present during gait (Video 1, Segment 1). MDS-UPDRS motor score improved 62% after an acute L-dopa challenge test. When the patient was in the on state, rest and action tremor remitted, and bradykinesia, rigidity, and gait markedly improved. There was a left hemifacial dystonia, and chorea and dystonia of left upper limb, whereas left foot dystonia was unchanged (Video 1, Segment 2). However, during the bicycle ride a significant reduction of dystonia and bradykinesia of the left lower limb was verified (Video 1, Segment 3). There was no change in his right side. Brain computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a chronic lesion involving the right SN without striatal involvement (Fig. 1A and B). [123I]FP-CIT ([I]-2betacarbometoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl) nortropane) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT; DaTscan) showed complete loss of radiotracer binding in the right striatum body and normal uptake in left striatum (Fig. 1C). Even though some patients with PTP benefit from L-dopa, the emergence of motor complications is exceptional in cases of traumatic SN-isolated lesions treated with L-dopa. Nevertheless, Ruzicka et al. reported the occurrence of motor complications after surgery to a colloid cyst that led to a brain hemorrhage in the SN and its boundaries. Our patient is unique, as he presents with a hemiparkinsonism responsive to L-dopa shortly after a traumatic brain lesion of the SN. Under L-dopa treatment, he developed wearing-off and choreodystonic peak-dose dyskinesias 10 years after treatment onset, restricted to the symptomatic parkinsonian hemibody, contralateral to the side of striatal denervation observed in the DaTscan (Fig. 1C), which strongly supports the fact that the symptoms are secondary to this symptomatic lesion. Additionally, we are dealing Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.


Abstract Abstract The development of microfabricated liquid cells has enabled dynamic studies of nanostructures within a liquid environment with electron microscopy. While such setups are most commonly found in transmission electron microscope (TEM) holders, their implementation in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) offers intriguing potential for multi-modal studies where the large chamber volume allows for the integration of multiple detectors. Here, we describe an electrochemical liquid cell SEM platform that employs the same cells enclosed by silicon nitride membrane windows found in liquid cell TEM holders and demonstrate the imaging of copper oxide nanoparticles in solution using both backscattered and transmitted electrons. In particular, the transmitted electron images collected at high scattering angles show contrast inversion at liquid layer thicknesses of several hundred nanometers, which can be used to determine the presence of liquid in the cell, while maintaining enough resolution to image nanoparticles that are tens of nanometers in size. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that both imaging modes have their advantages for liquid phase imaging and rationalize the contrast inversion observed in the transmitted electron image.


The joint-stock company "Ukrneft" is a good example for understanding the role of asymmetry of information in the corporate governance. Corporate ownership structure is characterized by high enough concentration. The state is the largest stockholder, owning 50%+1 company stock, i.e. controlling block. Besides the state, there are some large shareholders in the structure of corporate ownership of the joint stock company "Ukrneft'". They are represented by Pryvatbank, Ukrsybbank and Wotford Groups. The consolidated shareholding of these shareholders is 41 % of voting shares. The remaining 9 % of shareholder equity belong to the rest minority shareholders.


Leukemia stem cells(LSC) is the key factor for curing leukemia.The leukemia cell(LC) can be eliminated by chemotherapy,but LSC can't be cleaned completely.LSC which not only resisting to chemo-drugs natively but also escaping from the clearance of innate immune system,quietly lives in the niche.There are many similarities between LSC and HSC(hematopoietic stem cells)in self-renewal capacity,multilineage differentiation potential capacity and migration capacity,as is the original reason of leukemia relapse.Based on all the consensus,the researchers of Traditional Chinese Medicine and materia medica would explain more deeply about the incidence,relapse and multi-drug resistance mechanisms of leukemia,in order to open up new treatment method and new research direction for leukemia.


Introduction The suspension of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY)' was one of the most difficult, and in some ways, controversial decisions the OSCE has made since its establishment. The decision entailed consideration of several different issues, including the notion of consensus and 'consensus minus one', humanitarian crisis response and responsibility, and national sovereignty. The decision has also forced the OSCE to consider the most effective and appropriate method of dealing with crises occurring within the borders of participating States. As informal discussions regarding the status of the FRY'S suspension and possible full-reinstatement into the OSCE have become more frequent in 1998, and in light of the crisis in the Kosovo region of the FRY, a review of the debate leading up to the suspension, the terms of the suspension, and the issues surrounding the re-evaluation of the suspension will provide useful and necessary background information for analysis and decision. Decision-makers within the OSCE must ask a wide variety of questions pertaining to this issue. Should the OSCE continue the suspension, allowing the FRY'S chair at Permanent Council meetings to remain empty, as a statement against the FRY'S violations of OSCE principles and norms? Or is this status quo an empty symbol of a flawed past decision that has proven to be ineffective? Should the OSCE continue to speak out against regional atrocities and policies in the absence of authorities from Belgrade? Or would it be more effective to engage FRY representatives in the OSCE forum, so that the concerns and statements made by the participating States reach the appropriate audience? While immediately relevant to the particular relationship between the


Procedure subject bears the legal consequences,and also is the important factor who promte the procedure smoothly.In different countries,they are on the status and relationship of the party and judge,when they made civil pretrial procedure reform.The thesis get the experience of the right and power distribution in the two legal systems,and consider the cooperative System.The thesis reference the subject constraints to realize the function and explore the right and power distribution between parties and judge.


: The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is infecting people and spreading easily from person-to-person. Cases have been detected in most countries worldwide. Italy is one of the greatest exaggerated nations as of 30 March 2020. Public health response includes a rapid reorganization of the Italian National Healthcare System in order to reduce transmission of COVID-19 within hospitals and healthcare facilities, while optimizing the assistance to patients with severe COVID-19 complications. Kids are as likely as adults to become ill with SARS-CoV-2 after close contact with an infected person, according to a study of people in Shenzhen, China. According to guidelines of WHO there are various precaution measures to prevent us from the COVID-19. Face masks have become a symbol in the fight against the violent coronavirus.N95 and remedial masks, which offer the best safety and are seriously in demand, should be reserved for health care workers who are regularly exposed to infected patients. In this journal, we obtained the UV Sanitizer kit using Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) to make the N95 mask reusable. Apply proper heat and UV light with certain time to reuse and Clean the N95 mask can be re-use up to 3 times. The above process is achieved by the Hydrogen Peroxide Vaporization. To achieve this we use the control chamber RD150 with chamber size Chamber size - 40cm X 40cm X 40cm. Control card had a buzzer which make sound once the time reach 30 Minutes Door Open sensor will ensure the Chamber door is closed during the cleaning process. Control unit will display the current Temperature, Humidity and Time.


New decentralised collaborative platforms are said to be challenging and redesigning traditional business models and reinventing how the tourism business works. Collectively termed the 'Collaborative Economy' (CE), these platforms are increasingly intersecting with the established tourism industry and how a tourist interacts with host communities, destinations and other tourists. By utilising the concept of cultural capitalism to explore the global "disruptive" brand Airbnb, we find that the collaborative economy is not about collaboration at all, and argue that the Airbnb platform is merely reinforcing the values of consumer capitalist society by providing a more efficient means to satisfy tourist wants and desires. While we conclude that collaborative economy in its manifest forms will continue, we believe the tourism industry is well placed to address its impacts, and recommend that authorities should recognise parts of the collaborative economy as predatory laissez-faire platform capitalism in need of regulation.


Mesoporous maghemite γ-Fe2O3 was obtained by thermal decomposition of iron citrate xerogel hydrate. The influence of precursor molar concentration and calcination temperature on the material phase composition, morphology, crystalline and magnetic microstructure, surface condition and optical properties was studied. The model of mesoporous γ-Fe2O3 formation is proposed. Obtained maghemite was tested as cathode material for lithium power sources. Increase of lithium power sources specific capacity and energy with the samples specific surface area enlarging is determined. Two kinetic processes are observed during discharge processes: lithium accumulation at the cathode material/electrolyte interface and diffusion of lithium ions into the material crystal structure. The diffusion coefficients of lithium in the cathode material on the different stages of discharge process are calculated.


In the supplier management, the supplier recovery management is one important area. The scope of supplier recovery is widespread, such as delivery, quality, performance, or other contractual element. During the modern production and management, how to help suppliers to improve their performance to recovery has become a key problem. The author tried to utilize Lean Six Sigma to solve problems of the supplier recovery management. Lean Six Sigma is an new advanced method of management. It integrates Lean production and Six Sigma Management. It focus on the subtle production and the strategic management simultaneously. To use the thinking of the lean six sigma management in the supplier recovery management can bring greater economical benefit than before. In this paper an case about the performance to supplier recovery is used to prove this way is very practically and effectively.


:Objective To investigatethe clinical outcome of arthroscopic percutaneous cannulated screw fixation with subtalarfusion in the treatment of post-traumatic subtalar arthritis. Methods The study involved12 patients (five males and seven females) with severe post-traumatic subtalar arthritisadmitted to our hospital from April 2006 to December 2009. The patients were at age rangeof 28-68 years ( mean 45.6 years). All patients had the history of conservative treatmentbut failed in pain alleviation.Then, the percutaneous cannulated screw fixation plussubtalar fusion was selected. The ande and hind foot of all patients were evaluatedpreoperatively and postoperatively by the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS) scoring system. Imaging assessment was carried out by X-ray examination.ResultsThe patients were followed up for mean 21.2 months (range 6-48 months), which showedthatthe mean AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scale was increased from (54.67 ± 5.28 ) points (range43-61 points)preoperatively to (89.17 ±3.56) points (range 78-95 points) at finalfollow-up, with excellence rate of 93%. Eleven patients got good fusion with the mean timeof 12.4 weeks (range 9-15 weeks). Only one patient had nonunion, with the pain in thelateral malleolus. The subtalar joint of the patient got union after plasterimmobilization for three months, which was proved by X-ray examination. Conclusions Thearthroscopic percutaneous cannulated screw fixation and subtalar fusion can acquire goodclinical outcomes and hence is a recommended procedure for post-traumatic subtalararthritis.


Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) is lung diseases characterized by airflow obstruction. COPD is one of the causes of death in high-to-low income countries. The distribution data of cases of COPD in Semarang City by 2015, there are 670 cases. One of the risk factors of COPD is the use of PPE especially can protect the respiration system. This research aimed to analyze the factors that relate to the behavior of PPE usage of tobacco factory's employees. This was a quantitative research and cross-sectional study design. Using simple random sampling, the sample of this taken as many as 46 employees. Data collected by indepth interview using questionnaire and spirometry. This research use univariate and bivariate analysis. All respondents are women. Most respondents are in the age range 18-40 years (65,2%), only small amount of respondents non-school (4,3%), and most of respondents has a working period of less than 10 years (60,9%). Most of respondents have a good PPE usage behavior (65,2%). The chi-square test showed that working period (p=0,001), availability of work regulation (p=0,0001), coworking support (p=0,0001), and manager support (p=0,0001) are significantly related to usage PPE behavior on the tobacco factory's employees. While the variables of age, education, occupation, knowledge of PPE usage, attitude of PPE usage, and availablity of PPE are not significantly related to PPE usage behavior of tobacco factory's employees. It was suggested to the manager and the agency to provide direction on the use of PPE.


This book attempts to review the literature pertaining to the dead time approximation of dead time for Second Order Plus Dead Time process control aspect of parameters in chemical process. Processes with time delay occur frequently in chemical, biological, mechanical and electronic systems. Systems with delays represent a class within infinite size largely used for the modelling and the analysis of transport and propagation phenomenon.


Abstract A method allowing observation of calcium carbonate nucleation on the sheaths of cyanobacteria and other microorganisms is described. Nucleation of calcite was obtained on the sheaths of Lyngbya aestuarii and Scy‐tonema myochrous cultures but not on Entophysalis major and Pseudanabaena minuta. Differences in the rate of nucleation were also noted in media of differing salinity.


Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase, an intrinsic membrane protein of Escherichia coli, catalyzes the decarboxylation of phosphatidylserine, the final step in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, the principal membrane lipid of this organism. The purified enzyme lacks the absorption spectrum characteristic of pyridoxal-containing enzymes, and it has now been found to contain bound pyruvate, the carbonyl function of which is essential for catalytic activity. The decarboxylase is inactivated by treatment with a number of reagents that attack carbonyl groups, including sodium borohydride. Reduction with tritiated borohydride


A common software loading platform for the parallel digital signal processing systems in network environment is discussed regarding the constraint in the remote applications of the current digital systems.The common hardware architecture model in network environment is proposed.At the same time,the corresponding software system configuration items,the whole software architecture and the software flow are proposed.Based on a real ADSP-21160M parallel digital signal processing system,the software loading from ARM2410 to different parallel digital signal processing systems is designed and realized.The technology is also applied in production.


47-GHz monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifier chips have been developed using 0.35-mm gate-length molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) MESFET technology. The amplifier chips have been assembled with nominal output power of 0.4 W and 15 dB of gain. The saturated output power of this amplifier exceeded 0.5 W. This amplifier has an application as a driver for a monolithic doubler circuit to reliably produce greater than 80 mW of output power at 94 GHz for missile seeker applications. >


One of the adverse factors going against designing the loudspeaking telephone set powered solely via the telephone line has been the critical shortage of power to drive the loudspeaker adequately. A folded radial catenoidal horn of moderate size has been designed as a means of boosting the efficiency of the small, therefore inherently inefficient, loudspeaker used in the desk‐top model loudspeaking telephone set. Based on the classical plane wave horn theory, the catenoidal horn had been selected as most suitable for this purpose. With the aid of a computer, the horn parameters had been optimized to the particular driver loudspeaker parameters. The folding and the bell portions had been rigorously calculated and build based on these parameters optimized through the iteration method. Test results showed that the horn boosted the radiation efficiency of the loudspeaker 12 ± 5 dB over the frequency range 300–1500 Hz, where most of the speech energy is stored.


Abstrak The children whom born outside of marriage can become trustworthiness of his /her mother's husband only if it has his consent and be noticed at marital agreement. It has abided by one of contract on Islamic law principles that's recognized as voluntary. In the marital agreement might to be acquiesced that the children whom born outside of marriage will receive funds for his/her education and living costs. But in that agreement does not mention the name of the children to be clearer to who will get the funds giving for. More over the agreement does not say regarding else gifts to be father's responsibility. To anlicipate under Islamic law principles which said that the children have no patrimony portions Ihen can be created escrow grant by last will or gift method's from his/her father.


Many ethnic-acknowledging psychology researchers, practitioners, and their allies have expressed dissatisfaction with Eurowestern, mainstream psychology in the United States as it shows serious shortcomings when used to understand and serve minoritized communities. Eurowestern psychology has been criticized for its imperialistic, one-size-fits-all view of humanity. Accordingly, we challenge the neglect of the history and value of ethnic acknowledgment in psychology perpetrated and maintained by Eurowestern psychology, including mainstream psychology in the United States. We operationalize such challenge by articulating the construct of alternate cultural paradigms, by following it with a series of contributions authored by leading figures from each of the Ethnic Acknowledging Psychological Associations (EAPAs) in the United States, and by closing with a commentary by a renowned scholar in the field. The current article, followed by five separate and distinct articles from authors identified with each of the EAPAs (i.e., the Association of Black Psychologists [ABPsi], the National Latinx Psychological Association [NLPA], the Society of Indian Psychologists [SIP], the Asian American Psychological Association [AAPA], the Arab, Middle Eastern, and North African Psychological Association [AMENA-Psy]), together with a concluding commentary conforms the Special Issue on alternate cultural paradigms in psychology in the United States.


The usage of eidong?in ancient China is essentially different from that of the passive and conation, namely the relationship between the subject, predict and object in passive sentence and in conation sentence is different from that in 揥eidong?sentences; The sentence structures when changing on same meaning are different.


The static field third order polarizability, γxxxx(0;0,0,0), is calculated for an oligomeric series of disubstituted diphenyl polyenes and their bipolarons by using INDO‐PSDCI finite perturbation procedures. Our procedures have the advantage of maintaining a degree of size consistency that is difficult to achieve by using the sum‐over‐states approach. The chain length dependance of γxxxx(0;0,0,0) is calculated to be 21.6N1.9×10−36 esu and 20.1N2.3×10−36 esu for the neutral and bipolaronic species, respectively, where N is the number of carbon atoms in the polyene chain. Although our calculations agree with previous studies that predict that a bipolaron will have an enhanced third order polarizability relative to the corresponding neutral polyene, the length dependance that we observe for both the neutral and bipolaronic species is much smaller than that predicted by previous literature investigations.


In order to solve the problems from high reservoir sensitivity and deal with the reservoir characteristic of high water production and low water content,a new drainage scheme is proposed,having following conclusions.Firstly,the scheme is draining away water in overlying aquifer before CBM well fracturing and mining. The critical dynamic liquid level for stopping pumping water from aquifer is provided. Secondly,it avoids many reservoir sensitivity problems,like sand and pulverized coal output and air lock effect and shorten the dewatering period of CBM recovery. Thirdly,the new proposal bases on the stratum structure of coal seam with aquifer above,and is more suitable for CBM well with high water production and long period of water producing. Fourthly,X1 CBM well in Liulin field is taken as an example,when using new drainage scheme,the critical dynamic liquid level,drawdown and influence radius is calculated.


Although autophagy is generally protective, uncontrolled or excessive activation of autophagy can be detrimental. Recent studies provided evidence that excessive autophagy induces cell death with characteristic morphological and biochemical features, termed autosis. However, whether autophagy contributes to death in cardiomyocytes (CMs) is controversial. We here show that inhibition of autosis by targeting Rubicon attenuates ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart. Treatment with TAT-Beclin1 (TB1), a peptide that mobilizes endogenous Beclin 1, increased autophagic flux and induced cell death in CMs, which was inhibited by inhibitors of autophagy but not apoptosis or necrosis. CMs treated with TB1 at high doses showed typical morphological and biochemical features of autosis, namely an increased number of autophagic vacuoles with ballooning of perinuclear spaces and rescue of cell death by downregulation of Na
 +
 ,K
 +
 -ATPase. To examine whether autosis is activated by I/R in the heart
 in vivo
 , mice were subjected to 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 24 hours of reperfusion, and autophagic flux and morphological features of CMs were examined at several time points. Autophagic flux was increased during ischemia and the early phase of reperfusion; however, more autophagosomes started to accumulate 6 hours after reperfusion due to suppression of autophagosome maturation, which was caused by increased Rubicon expression. CMs exhibited typical morphological features of autosis and Na
 +
 ,K
 +
 -ATPase was significantly upregulated starting 6 hours after reperfusion. Injection of ouabain into cardiac glycoside- sensitive knock-in mice exhibited protection against I/R injury with decreased features of autosis. To normalize autophagic flux during I/R, we generated cardiac-specific Rubicon knockout (
 rubi
 -cKO) mice.
 rubi
 -cKO prevented the marked accumulation of autophagosomes and significantly reduced the size of infarct following I/R, with prominent suppression of autosis. These results indicate that autosis is triggered by dysregulated autophagic flux due to upregulation of Rubicon during the late phase of I/R in the heart and that inhibition of autosis protects the heart against I/R injury.


When solving the roadway network problem of finding the quickest route from point A to B, one would like to have the best information available on the travel times between locations in the network. Current systems find this shortest path based on hypothetical travel times calculated from distance and assumed speed. This paper develops a better solution through the creation of forecasts of travel times using historical and real-time information. This paper first develops a ten-parameter function, solely on historical information, using data from the Milwaukee Highway System. This function is the sum of three normal curves (each representing a "rush-hour" period) and a constant, fitted through a least-squares regression. Then, using a process developed through double-exponential smoothing, real-time information is added to the historical approximation. The use of this forecasting procedure in updating travel times in a network is then explained.


: Infant biscuits (IBs) are part of complementary feeding from weaning up to the age of five years. They normally contain bovine milk proteins, which can influence bone development. This potential e ff ect was investigated using experimental baked IBs, which were prepared from doughs containing di ff erent type of dairy proteins: milk protein concentrate (IB1), whey protein isolate (IB2), and skimmed milk powder (IB3). Dairy protein-free (IB0) and gluten-free (IB4) biscuits were also formulated. The in vitro gastrointestinal digests of IBs (IBDs) were tested on a co-culture of Caco-2 / HT-29 70 / 30 cells as an in vitro model of human small intestine. None of the IBDs influenced cell viability and monolayer integrity, while IBD0 and IBD4 increased Peptide-YY production. The basolateral contents of Transwell plates seeded with Caco-2 / HT-29 70 / 30 co-culture, mimicking metabolized IBDs (MIBDs), were tested on Saos-2 cells, an in vitro model of human osteoblast-like cells. After incubation, MIBD0, lacking dairy proteins, decreased the cell viability, while MIBD2, containing whey protein isolate, increased both the viability and the number of cells. MIBD2 and MIBD4, the latter containing both casein and whey proteins, increased alkaline phosphatase activity, a bone di ff erentiation marker. These results highlight that IBs containing dairy proteins positively a ff ect bone development. proliferation rate, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of Saos-2 cells were investigated. The final goal was to assess in vitro the potential role of the IB digests in promoting bone development.


A brief survey is presented of new science that will emerge during the decades ahead from direct detection of gravitational radiation. Interferometers on earth and in space will probe the universe in an entirely new way by directly sensing motions of distant matter over a range of more than a million in frequency. The most powerful sources of gravitational (or indeed any form of) energy in the universe are inspiralling and merging binary black holes; with LISA data, they will become the most distant, most completely and precisely modeled, and most accurately measured systems in astronomy outside the solar system. Other sources range from already known and named nearby Galactic binary stars, to compact objects being swallowed by massive black holes, to possible effects of new physics: phase transitions and superstrings from the early universe, or holographic noise from quantum fluctuations of local spacetime.


Objective: To compare the outcome of various operative procedures of hemorrhoidectomy. Material and Methods: This comparative study was conducted in Surgical Department, LRH, Peshawar, from March to December 2005. Ninety patients with 2nd and 3rd degree internal hemorrhoids, were randomly divided in to three groups of 30 patients each: "Group A" low ligation and excision with anal stretch. "Group B": low ligation and excision without anal stretch. "Group C": closed hemorrhoidectomy. Results: Postoperative pain was present in 4 (13.33%) cases in "Group A" and 3 (10%) cases each in "Group B" and "Group C". Postoperative bleeding per rectum was present in 2 (6.66%) cases each in Group A and Group B and 1 (3.33%) case in Group C. Postoperative urinary retention was observed in 1 (3.33%) case each in Group A and group B only. Postoperative wound infection and Postoperative perianal abscess were recorded in 3 (10%) and 1 (3.33%) patients respectively in Group C only. Postoperative incontinence of flatus was reported in 1 patient (3.33%) of Group A only. Postoperative skin tags were seen in 2 (6.66%) cases of Group A, 1 (3.33%) case in Group B, and none in Group C. Recurrence was not observed in patients during follow up. Mortality was not encountered in the three groups. Conclusion: No statistical significance was found in these three operative procedures with respect to less pain during the early postoperative period and faster wound healing with no recurrence in any group


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a response to papers written by Professors Samiee, Belk and Özsomer as commentary pieces on my original paper, "The uncertain future of globalization: implications for global consumer culture and global brands."

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is in the form of an essay.

Findings
The commentaries highlight many areas of agreement with the overall thrust of the original paper, and also pinpoint novel and important additional avenues for reflection and research.

Originality/value
The paper builds on the commentaries, identifying additional ways forward for the field.


Toadfishes are found in tropical, marine, and estuarine waters. They have a highly developed venomous apparatus with dorsal and preopercular spines (Figure 1). Envenomation by this species can cause local inflammatory manifestations such as pain, edema, and erythema that can progress to cutaneous necrosis. A 38-year-old woman stepped on something in a lagoon among the stones of a beach in Bahia state, Brazil. She then noticed two small perforations in the third toe of the right footwith slight bleeding. The place began to ache unbearably and she wasmedicatedwithpainkillers.After 3days, intense inflammation and hemorrhagic blisters appeared near to the perforations. In about 10 days, the upper blister delimited a necrosis and the formationofanulcercoveredbyhemato-melicericcrust (Figure2). The pain, which had persisted for about a week, had disappeared. One month later, ulcer was healed, leaving a scar. Wounds by venomous fishes can be difficult to identify. Catfishes and stingrays causemainly unique perforations, but the envenomation by toadfishes causes a characteristic double perforation by the dorsal spicules. The species present in the region is Thalassophryne nattereri, the "niquim." FIGURE 1. Live specimens of the toadfish Thalassophryne nattereri, with one of them semi-buried in the sand in a typical position. In the details, dorsal spicules of the fish, responsible for inoculation of the venom. Photos: Vidal Haddad Jr. This figure appears in color at www.ajtmh.org.


Molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations, using the potential developed by Tersoff, are reported for Si bombardment of Si(111) in the collisional energy range 15{endash}520 eV. A comparison between ordinary MD and a modified version that includes a model for electronic stopping power and electron-phonon coupling is made. It is found that such modification does not significantly change the results for penetration depth and surface damage. However, electronic stopping does lead to energy dissipation and approximately 10{endash}15{percent} of the collisional energy is transferred to the electrons. The surface damage reaches deeper than the penetration of the projectile and is identified as single atom displacements or small-sized amorphous regions. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}


Riboflavin binding protein (RfBP) was isolated from the eggs of Fulica atra. The protein was purified in two steps, DEAESepharose ion exchange chromatography and gelfilteration on Sephadex G-100. The holoprotein had an absorption spectrum characteristic of flavoproteins. The purity of the protein was judged by SDS-PAGE technique. A single band on the slab and cylindrical gels revealed that the protein was pure .comparison of the mobility of RfBp with that of the standard molecular weight marker proteins suggested that RFBP from the egg white of fulica atra had a molecular weight close to 29 Kd.