The psalms appear to give contradictory images of God in relation to sleep. Psalm 121 says that Yahweh never sleeps, that he is eternally vigilant in protecting his people from all evil. Psalm 44:24[23] gives exactly the opposite picture, however. The psalmist calls upon God to wake up and save his people from the wicked who threaten to devour them. Similar images of God asleep while his people perish can be found in Ps 7:7, 35:23, and 59:5–6. Previous commentators have usually explained the image of God sleeping in various ways. One group considered it to be a metaphor for the apparent inattentiveness of God (deus absconditus) to the prayers of his people, especially in times of distress. 1 As such, it was considered to be one of the bolder anthropomorphisms found in the Bible, employed more for psychological effect than any theological significance. 2 A second group, taking its cue more from the word qûmâ "Arise!" sometimes found in parallel cola, 3 understood the psalmist's cry "Wake up!" to be a plea to God to ascend his divine throne to render judgment against wicked enemies who unjustly persecute the faithful. 4 Opinions have differed as to whether


The anticonvulsant effect of either clonazepam (0.2-6.4 mg/kg) or chlordiazepoxide (2.5-40 mg/kg) alone or in combination with diphenylhydantoin (4-16 mg/kg) was studied against electroconvulsions in mice. All drugs were injected intraperitoneally, diphenylhydantoin - 75 min and the benzodiazepines - 60 min before the test. Adding either clonazepam or chlordiazepoxide (in doses moderately increasing the convulsive threshold) was more effective than doubling the dose of diphenylhydantoin. Both the interaction between benzodiazepines and diphenylhydantoin at the level of the receptor for picrotoxin-barbiturates and benzodiazepine-induced potentiation of specific diphenylhydantoin binding are likely to contribute to the observed phenomenon. On the other hand, a diphenylhydantoin-induced increase in the total number of specific benzodiazepine binding sites seems of minor importance since clonazepam (with a high affinity for these sites) and chlordiazepoxide (with a low affinity) were equipotent in the enhancement of the combined treatment efficacy.


Application of robotics is rapidly increasing in all fields of life. Though robotics education became popular in the 21st century, its teaching and training has not gained much importance across the world, especially in developing and low-income countries. There are various reasons for its neglect and one of them could be gender-science stereotypes. Research studies are yet to explore the reasons for its slow emergence. The present study explores the need and training for educational robotics considering the role of students, teachers, teacher-educators and parents, determining whether it is gender-dependent or not. The study also proposes to come up with a syllabus for robotics training. The study employs exploratory, sequential, qualitative-quantitative mixed-method research design and applies purposive sampling techniques. Researchers conducted semi-structured interviews, including five science teacher-educators, five science teachers, and five trainee teachers majoring in sciences to understand the need, scope and benefits of robotics education. They recruited 100 high school students, 50 teacher-educators, and 100 parents to test whether their interest in robotics is gender-dependent through Chi-square analysis. The study revealed the need for robotics education under four themes and seven subthemes. It has been found that the interest of students and parents and the readiness of teacher-educators for robotics education is gender-dependent. The study came up with a suggestive syllabus for robotics training. It recommends that future researchers should focus on the implementation of robotics teaching for teacher and school education.


Although demand for management information systems education at business schools continues to increase rapidly as a result of increasing industry needs, analysts are projecting that serious shortages of qualified faculty will continue. Such shortages result from insufficient numbers of doctoral programs and graduates, business school accreditation standards, and the inability of business schools to offer the high salaries and other benefits offered by industry. Industry support is critical in addressing MIS education problems. This article proposes 10 steps that industry can take to help alleviate the MIS faculty shortage.


Naive Bayes classifiers are simple probabilistic classifiers. Classification extracts patterns by using data file with a set of labeled training examples and is currently one of the most significant areas in data mining. However, Naive Bayes assumes the independence among the features. Structural learning among the features thus helps in the classification problem. In this study, the use of structural learning in Bayesian Network is proposed to be applied where there are relationships between the features when using the Naive Bayes. The improvement in the classification using structural learning is shown if there exist relationship between the features or when they are not independent.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect of nanocrystalline silver dressing to treat burns residual wound, and summary its clinical value. Methods Selected 133 cases of burn patients who were admitted to hospital in 2009 from June to December 2011, of which 66 cases of patients with residual burn wound, randomly divided into observation group and control group, 33 cases in the observation group using nanocrystalline silver dressing treatment and control group using conventional treatment, the therapeutic effect of two groups were observed and compared. Results Observation group to use nanocrystalline silver dressing treatment of burns residual wound its results significantly forward, which recovered the 19 cases accounted for 57.6%, markedly eight cases accounted for 24.2 percent, effective 4 cases accounted for 12.1%, the invalid two cases accounted for 6.1%, total effective rate was 81.8%, in the control group using conventional, which healed in 12 cases (36.4%), markedly 10 cases accounted for 30.3 percent, effective six cases (18.2%), invalid five cases accounted for 15.1%,the total effective rate was 66.7%, two groups of treatment difference was significantly (P 0.05). Conclusion The effect of residual burn wounds after the use of nanocrystalline silver dressing treatment of burns significantly superior to conventional treatment, recovery of patients with invasive department, complications, sequelae, has important clinical value, it is worth to promote reasonable clinical.


This work is devoted to the numerical study of the interaction of an inclined plane turbulent jet with a moving horizontal isothermal hot wall. The inclination of the jet allows the control of the stagnation point location. The numerical predictions based on statistical modeling are achieved using second order Reynolds stress turbulence model coupled to the enhanced wall treatment. The jet Reynolds number (Re), surface-to-jet velocity ratio (Rsj); and optimal inclination angle of the jet (α) are varied. The calculations are in good agreement with the available data. The numerical results show that the heat transfer is greatly influenced by the jet Re and the velocity of the moving wall. The local Nusselt number (Nu) decreases with increasing Rsj (until Rsj = 1). However, the optimal inclination of the jet enhances heat transfer and modifies significantly the stagnation point location. Average Nu is correlated according with the problem parameters as .


We found that the substituted pyridinium-TCNQ complex salts exhibited a variety of polymorphs and first-order phase transitions. The irreversible transition was correlated to the appearance of polymorphism and nonstoichiometry. The reversible transition manifested itself for specific cations; N-n-propylpyridinium(TCNQ)X and N-n-butylpyridinium(TCNQ)X.


The burden of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Australia is increasing but national data about the current prevalence are limited. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of IBD (including Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and unspecified IBD) as well as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis separately in a general practice population in Australia. We also assessed risk factors associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from MedicineInsight, a national database of general practice electronic health records, from 1 July 2017 to 30 June 2019. The prevalence of IBD was calculated and stratified by sociodemographic characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess risk factors associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The study comprised 2,428,461 regular patients from 481 practices. The estimated crude prevalence of IBD was 653 per 100,000 patients; Crohn's disease was 306 per 100,000 and ulcerative colitis was 334 per 100,000. Males were independently associated with a lower risk of Crohn's disease (OR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.90) but a greater risk of ulcerative colitis (OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.17) than females. Compared to non-smokers, patients who were current smokers were associated with a greater risk of Crohn's disease (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.04, 1.23) but a lower risk of ulcerative colitis (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.57). Other factors positively associated with both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis were age (≥ 25 years), non-Indigenous status and socioeconomic advantage. Our findings provide a current estimate of the prevalence of IBD, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis in a large national general practice population in Australia and an assessment of the factors associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These data can assist in estimating the health burden and costs, and planning for health services.


The cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising novel anti-cancer method. Our previous study showed that the cold plasma-stimulated medium (PSM) exerted remarkable anti-cancer effect as effectively as the direct CAP treatment did. H2O2 has been identified as a key anti-cancer substance in PSM. However, the mechanisms underlying intracellular H2O2 regulation by cancer cells is largely unknown. Aquaporins (AQPs) are the confirmed membrane channels of H2O2. In this study, we first demonstrated that the anti-glioblastoma capacity of PSM could be inhibited by silencing the expression of AQP8 in glioblastoma cells (U87MG) or using the aquaporins-blocker silver atoms. This discovery illustrates the key intermediate role of AQPs in the toxicity of PSM on cancer cells. Because the expression of AQPs varies significantly among different cancer cell lines, this study may facilitate the understanding on the diverse responses of cancer cells to PSM or the direct CAP treatment.


The dynamic-instability of radial gate was always due to the instability of arm under dynamic loading action,the security of gate spillway was dominated by the dynamic stability of arms.This paper introduced the dynamic-stability analysis methods of the arm by using the theory of elastic stability,established the dynamic-stability calculating model of the arm,ascertained the dynamic-instability district of the arm and discussed the influences of the dynamic-instability under eccentric loading based on the radial gate of the Xinzheng project on the Jialing River.Based on the analyzing results,the eccentric loading increased the dynamic-instability district of the arm and would be adverse to its dynamic-stability.


Network business traffic data has obvious self-similar characteristics, and its modeling and predictive analysis should also adopt self-similar models. Short correlation models, which cannot accurately describe their self-similarity, is mainly adopted in traditional network traffic data modeling. Therefore, It is necessary to research long correlation models. In addition, network traffic data also has certain pulse characteristics, which leads to inaccurate data modeling. In this research, alpha stable noise is added in FGN time series to simulate network traffic data, and the simulated data is analyzed by improved FARIMA model. Finally, the improved FARIMA model is applied to the BC-p Aug89. TL data modeling and predictive analysis. The analysis shows that the improved FARIMA model has a better prediction effect on network traffic and is of great significance for the application of network traffic prediction.


The subcutaneous space has been shown to be a suitable site for islet transplantation, however an abundance of islets is required to achieve normoglycemia, often requiring multiple donors. The loss of islets is due to the hypoxic conditions islets experience during revascularization, resulting in apoptosis. Therefore, to reduce the therapeutic dosage required to achieve normoglycemia, pre-vascularization of the subcutaneous space has been pursued. In this study, we highlight a biomaterial-based approach using a methacrylic acid copolymer coating to generate a robust pre-vascularized subcutaneous cavity for islet transplantation. We also devised a simple, but not-trivial, procedure for filling the cavity with an islet suspension in collagen. We show that the pre-vascularized site can support a marginal mass of islets to rapidly return streptozotocin-induced diabetic SCID/bg mice to normoglycemia. Furthermore, immunocompetent Sprague Daley rats remained normoglycemia for up to 70 days until they experienced graft destabilization as they outgrew their implants. This work highlights methacrylic acid-based biomaterials as a suitable pre-vascularization strategy for the subcutaneous space that is scalable and doesn't require exogenous cells or growth factors. Summary In this study methacrylic acid copolymer coated tubes generated a robust vascular response in the subcutaneous space, which was critical to support islet transplantation in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. More importantly, the subcutaneous pre-vascularization approach using this copolymer coating was scalable into a larger allogeneic rat model and returned animals to normoglycemia for up to 70 days. This platform highlights the potential of a scalable biomaterial approach for pre-vascularization of the subcutaneous space in larger animal models.


i ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ii AKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF APPENDIXES vii


Work hardning of a steel in the cold forging process affects strongly the tool life . In the present paper, work hardening behaviors of various kinds of steels in three typical processes, upsetting, forward extrusion and backward extrusion were studied by the measurements of a change in the forming load and the half-value breadth of X-ray diffraction profile which reveals approximate dislocation density. It was found that a significant Bauschinger effect appears with the combination of drawing and upsetting, but rarely appears with the other combination such as drawing and forward extrusion, and drawing or upsetting and the subsequent backward extrusion.


This paper proposes a model of fundamentals for the price of housing. The model is calibrated with data from Uruguay. The main findings are: Real housing prices fluctuate more than justified by fundamen¬tals; the misalignment was statistically significant just before the 2002 crisis; a fall in fundamental prices anticipates the crisis; and, in the recent period fundamental prices follow a stable trend of positive growth while real housing prices fluctuate around it.


Demand cloud information transmission technology smart home present invention is a library with intelligent features, which, by wire or wireless means, will be issued to the user multimedia cloud server and cloud server by means of data storage, analysis, processing and editing the ability to collect the relevant data in the database stored in the digital library, and comprehensive analysis, judgment and editing, on the one hand, the result is a cloud server control instruction, by wire or wireless means to the feedback information processor, the information processor through wired or wireless means, the control command is transmitted to the multimedia equipment, multimedia equipment operating in accordance with the control command; on the other hand, the cloud server the results back to the user, for the user to select a specific way of reading the actual situation, while the cloud server automatically storage-related editing, data processing, the formation of archives, for the user query to use, with easy to control, powerful, more comprehensive, professional, humane, intelligent and so on.


This paper presents two methodologies for project evaluation of a social point of view. The first one is related to the consumption changes in the whole economy, induced by the project, valued at market prices. The second one is the well known social pric


Aeronautical ground lighting (AGL) systems assist aircraft pilots in airport operations. These systems are single-phase series circuits where constant current regulators (CCRs) feed luminaires with an adjustable rms current. CCRs are voltage-source converters (VSCs) which may cause harmonic resonance instabilities when their control interacts with poorly damped resonances in the 0.75–2.5 kHz range. This paper studies these instabilities from the impedance-based representation of AGL systems which are grid-connected VSC systems much simpler than that of the usual systems analyzed in the literature. This offers the possibility of contributing with a comprehensive stability assessment. Approximate expressions of the CCR and AGL circuit equivalent admittances are given to assess system stability. A comprehensive overview of the influence of AGL system parameters on harmonic resonance instabilities is presented, and several recommendations on the AGL system components and CCR parameters are proposed to improve stability. In addition, an active damping solution based on virtual conductances is analyzed. The expressions of the CCR admittance and some of the recommendations on CCR and AGL system parameters contribute to stability studies of grid-connected VSC systems. MATLAB/Simulink and PSCAD/EMTDC simulations of a 68-luminaire AGL system illustrate the contributions of this paper. Field measurements support the stability study.


Method for forming a transparent conductive film according to the present invention, the base comprising: providing a carbon nanotube composite composition obtained by mixing and dispersing agent or a polymer binder and carbon nanotubes in a solvent, the carbon nanotube composite composition forming a carbon nanotube composite film is applied to a substrate, the carbon nanotube composite film predetermined acid treatment time with an acid solution, and forming a transparent electrode on the base substrate by an acid treatment, equipped with a. Thus, a transparent conductive film according to the present invention use is excellent in the bending properties not only excellent conductivity and transparency, the folder-type flat display a transparent electrode and the touch screen material as an application capable of carbon nanotube composite composition conductive through the transparent conductive film had an acid treatment step can provide improved film. .FIELD 1


The latest war in Gaza—from the beginning of July to the end of August 2014—is over, but both Israelis and Palestinians believe it will not be the last one. Israelis believe they must deter Hamas from conducting additional attacks and keep it weak should a conflict occur. This is an approach that more pro-Western Palestinian leaders and Arab states like Saudi Arabia, fearing the political threat Hamas poses, often quietly applaud. For their part, Hamas leaders remain hostile to Israel and feel politically trapped by the extensive blockade of Gaza—and all the while, Gaza lies in ruins. The combination is explosive. Israeli security analyst Yossi Alpher put it succinctly: "It is increasingly clear that the Gaza war that ended in August will soon produce...another Gaza war." The Economist also gloomily predicted that "war will probably begin all over again, sooner or later." Since Hamas seized power in Gaza in 2007, the United States always subordinated its Gaza policy to the peace process in the hope that a comprehensive deal would transform the Israel-Hamas dynamic. This approach was always questionable: since Hamas took over Gaza, there were three major rounds of negotiations but also three major wars. And in April 2014, the peace talks, always a weak structure, collapsed yet again; renewed talks are not in sight. Both Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu and the moderate Palestinian president Mahmoud Abbas, who heads the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Palestinian Authority (PA) and rules on the West Bank, loathe each other, and ordinary Israelis and Palestinians are intensely skeptical that the other side is serious about peace. The peace process is no longer a plausible way out, but the 50 days of war in 2014 also show a window of opportunity. Although Hamas claimed victory —"Gaza forced the enemy to retreat," claimed Hamas' spokesman—its rocket


Diaphragma sellae meningiomas represent a difficult challenge for neurosurgeons; they are generally operated on by a transcranial approach. Some authors reported transsphenoidal surgery in selected cases, but without accurately focusing the surgical technique that should be necessary for removing the typical hard fibrous tissue of the meningioma, that is not aspirable, by this approach. We present the surgical technique and the useful instrumentarium for removing a diaphragma sellae meningioma through an extended microsurgical transsphenoidal approach.


A theoretical model for the onset of the equatorial spread F (ESF) is introduced that considers all the effects of the electric fields that are present together with the effects of the neutral wind velocity, of gravity, and of the density gradient. These impose well-defined topological constraints on the modes that can be excited. The horizontal (east-west) ion velocity is shown to be one of the key factors for the intrinsic vertical localization of modes that are driven unstable by the effective vertical gravity (including the E field contribution). The thickness of the layer of localization is related to the vertical gradient of the ion horizontal velocity, of the neutral wind velocity, and of the ion-neutral collision frequency. The "horizontal gravity" resulting from the difference between the horizontal ion and neutral velocities is shown to not be a driving factor for the instability, under realistic conditions when the eastward electric field is included in the analysis, but to have an important influence on the mode topology (vertical profile). An explicit analytical solution is found for the relevant dispersion equation, which includes, in particular, the contribution of a vertical ion velocity. The mode vertical profile under conditions that are shown to be realistic is found. It is suggested that the necessary conditions for the intrinsic localization of the modes determine the onset of the ESF. The mode ballooning structure, along the magnetic field, including the effect of the plasma finite resistivity is also described.


Abstract Background If children are encouraged early in childhood to engage in a physically active lifestyle and if they are used to practice physical activity (PA) as children, they are likely to be more active as they grow up (Telama et al., 2014). Nevertheless, in Belgium, only 2% of children 6 to 9 years of age are able to reach PA international recommendations (Wijtzes et al., 2016). Fortunately, holistic school-focused initiatives can raise children's level of physical activity (Heath et al., 2012). Accordingly, the aim of the study was to scrutinise the influence of an innovative pedagogical approach on self-reported PA and lifestyle habits among elementary school children. Methods 176 pupils (11-13) and 5 physical education (PE) teachers were recruited in the area of Liege. Those pupils took part in a 10 weeks intervention including one weekly session of PE. PE lessons are original since they combine High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT), dramatization and health education. Assessments were performed before (T0), during (process analysis) and after the intervention (T1). Childrens' levels of PA were assessed with the PAQ-C, as their food habits were assessed with the Adolescent food habits Checklist. Children were also invited, before each session, to notify and share their good practices related to the health education activities proposed during the lesson. Results Results exposed significant improvements in self-reported PA (3,09 to 3,26 scores; p > 0,000). As we sort out results by gender, we noticed higher improvements among girls. In contrast, we observed a slight and non-significant decrease in children's food habits (13,88 to 13,55 scores; p = 0,24). On over 400 good practices collected, half were related to physical activity and hydration. By involving physical and psychosocial objectives, the study is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the impact of this teaching method on children. Conclusion As Oblomov pedagogy seems to have the potential to generate health basic knowledge as well as pleasure of being physically active, it could be extended to other various settings such as obesity prevention. This method will also be shared with PE teachers in Belgium, as part of the PE curriculum reform in Belgium.


A storage stability study was performed on intermediate moisture roe (aw= 0.84, salt content = 4%). Samples were stored at various temperatures for up to 1 month. Microbial analyses indicated that bacteria could grow from 5–25°C. Fungi grew at 15° and 25°C while their growth was inhibited at 5°C; however, a lag phase was detected at 15°C. TBA values increased linearly during storage. Microbial analyses, chemical determination of rancidity and sensory evaluations showed that the product was still acceptable after 30 days storage at 5°, 15° or 25°C.


Abstract: This Paper describes the beneficial impact of reinforcing the sub-grade layer with a single layerof geo-grid at different positions and thereby determination of optimum position of reinforcement layer. The( best) optimum position was determined based on California Bearing Ratio (CBR value) and unconfined compression tests were conducted to decide the optimum position of geo-grid. The CBR value of a soil increases by 50-100% when it is reinforced with a single layer of geogrid. The amount of development (Improvement) depends upon the type of soil and position of geo-grid. CBR of sub-grade soil is 6.53% without reinforcement and when geo-grid was placed at 0.2H from the top, the CBR value increased to 19.66%. Soaked Condition CBR of sub-grade soil is 4.77% without reinforcement and when geo-grid was placed at 0.2H from the top, the CBR value increased to 4.46%. Keywords: Pavement, Geo-grid, Reinforced, Sub-grade, CBR, Filtration, Reinforcing


In this and the accompanying paper we present a theoretical treatment and experimental study, respectively, of the phenomenon termed purely rotational coherence. This phenomenon has been demonstrated to be useful as a time domain means by which to obtain high resolution spectroscopic information on excited state rotational levels of large molecules [Felker et al., J. Phys. Chem. 90, 724 (1986); Baskin et al., J. Chem. Phys. 84, 4708 (1986)]. Here, the manifestations in temporally resolved, polarization-analyzed fluorescence of coherently prepared rotational levels in samples of isolated symmetric and asymmetric top molecules are considered. These manifestations, for reasonably large molecules at rotational temperatures characteristic of jet-cooled samples, take the form of polarization-dependent transients and recurrences with temporal widths of the order of tens of picoseconds or less. The transients, which arise from the thermal averaging of many single molecule coherences, are examined with respect to their dependences on molecular parameters (rotational constants, transition dipole directions) and experimental parameters (polarization directions and temperature). A physical picture of rotational coherence as a reflection of the time-dependent orientation of molecules in the sample is developed. And, the influence of rotational coherence in experiments designed to probe intramolecular energy flow is discussed. In the accompanying paper, we present experimental results for jet-cooled t-stilbene and anthracene. For t-stilbene we determine rotational constants for vibrational levels in the S1 electronic state (from the recurrences) and we monitor the trends in rotational coherence vs vibrational coherence as the total energy in the molecule increases.


An important goal in paleoceanography is to understand past changes in ocean circulation and the ocean's role in climate change. This requires detailed knowledge of the distribution of water masses under different climate states in the past and their changes over time. Paleo-circulation proxies allow such reconstructions, provided their behavior in the ocean with all their benefits and caveats is understood. Neodymium isotope ratios have the advantage over many paleo-water mass tracers because they behave quasiconservatively in the oceans, that is, their ratios approximately reflect the mixture of source waters, facilitating for the first time predictions about past changes in water mass volume transport. In order to improve the basis for the use of Nd isotopes as paleo-water mass tracer and for robust quantifications of past circulation changes, we have analyzed Nd isotopes on the authigenic ferromanganese oxide fraction of core-top sediments from the Atlantic Ocean, with a focus on the Southern Hemisphere part of the basin. We collected samples from intermediate to bottom water depths and from 43°S to 60°N in the Atlantic. Ninety percent of our authigenic εNd data match the seawater εNd distribution well and fall right into the seawater εNd-salinity array. This confirms the value of εNd as a water mass tracer and strongly supports its application and merit for the reconstruction of past ocean circulation changes. In cases where authigenic εNd values diverge from the seawater isotopic composition, εNd will be measured on fish teeth. The goal is to extend this study to the last glacial maximum in order to obtain a robust picture of the distribution of εNd and hence Atlantic water masses in the glacial ocean. Solubilities of synthetic scorodite and ferric arsenate: Implications for stabilization of Arsenic in mining and metallurgical wastes


See related article, pages 36–41.

In this issue of Stroke , Reitz and coworkers explore the link between incident stroke and dementia in data from the Rotterdam Study.1 The emphasis on incident stroke is important: previous studies to address this question have recruited patients at the time of stroke so that prestroke cognitive status has been inferred rather than measured directly.2,3 Therefore, this is the first truly prospective data to assess the relationship between prestroke cognitive decline, stroke and subsequent dementia. Incident stroke led to a doubling of dementia risk over a mean follow-up time of 3.9 years. An approximate doubling of risk has also been found in other cohorts like those from Rochester and Framingham, so this study provides important confirmation of this size of effect.2

Much interest has surrounded the possible mechanisms of this doubling of risk: does stroke have an independent effect or does it accelerate some pre-existing process in the brain? More specifically, does stroke accelerate a pre-existing neurodegenerative process like coincident Alzheimer disease (AD)—a synergy that would fit with the strong epidemiological evidence of the link between vascular risk factors and AD.4 In the absence of good biomarkers to diagnose neurodegenerative disease at the time of stroke, one way to assess this question indirectly is to infer some pre-existing process from prestroke cognitive decline.

The most important and interesting finding of the study is that no interaction was seen between prestroke cognitive function and stroke …


Nowadays it is important to maintain a high level security to certain safe and confidence communication of information between different organization. Due to different threats like intrusions and misuses, secured data communication over internet also any other network are not possible to fulfill. An intrusion shall be explained as any set of actions that compromise the three main aims of security as integration,Confident or available of a network resource. System for detecting some important attacks DoS, R2L, U2R and probe from system log files. Those systems identify attacks and react from generating alerts or by stopping the unnecessary data/traffic. On using of fuzzy logic, the system can deal with mixed type of attributes and also avoid the sharp boundary problems.we propose a new approach by combining fuzzy logic and GA for identifying intrusion.


Cardiovascular disease is a major public health problem and the leading cause of death in the world. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart as a function of time. Due to the speed of implementation, efficiency and especially reliability for diagnosis, the ECG plays an important role in monitoring and diagnosing patients today. The ECG is only effective when it is recorded over a long time. The analysis of such a recording requires methods of parameter optimization and automatic classification of heartbeats. In this paper, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize the ECG signal. The proposed method is able to optimize the ECG data and exceeds the result of related works which proves its effectiveness in ECG arrhythmias detection.


For renal water reabsorption AVP‐induced phosphorylation of AQP2 at S256 (p256) is needed for its translocation to the apical membrane. Also, phorbol esters (TPA) activation of PKC induces AQP2 ubiquitination at K270, its internalization and lysosomal degradation. But AQP2 can also be phosphorylated at S261 (pS261), which role was studied here. In transfected MDCK cells, forskolin (F) redistributed AQP2 from vesicles to the apical membrane, which was reversed with subsequent F/TPA treatment. As in vivo for AVP, F increased pS256 and decreased pS261 AQP2, which was reversed with F/TPA. For all treatments, AQP2‐S256A and AQP2‐S261A/D always localized to intracellular vesicles, AQP2‐S256D localized in the apical membrane with/without F and internalized with F/TPA, but the changes in pS261 and pS256 were similar to AQP2. AQP2‐S261A/D were more ubiquitinated than wt‐AQP2 and AQP2‐S261D‐K270R, which cannot be ubiquitinated, always localized in the apical membrane. AQP2‐S256D‐S261D, however, localized as AQP2‐S256D. AQP2‐S256D‐Ub always localized to vesicles and was constitutively‐phosphorylated at S261. Thus, as in vivo with AVP, AQP2 is reciprocally changed in S256 and S261 phosphorylation with F and F/TPA, independent of their localization. pS256 is needed and sufficient for AQP2 translocation to the apical membrane, but is overruled by constitutive ubiquitination. Changing S261, including constitutive pS261, enhances AQP2 ubiquitination and internalization, but is overruled by constitutive pS256.


A very important part of any ER fluids based system is the provision of excitation; this is particularly so since the electrical load is conductive and highly capacitive. In this environment the surge current at switch on is large and there are problems in dumping the charge to effect a rapid reduction of the voltage level. This paper describes a voltage switch which when linked to a steady state supply can be used to effect on-off control. The arrangement is somewhat analogous to the ER catch concept insomuch as it switches one of the ER controller electrodes either to high potential or to earth rails, the other electrode being permanently connected to earth (just as the catch attaches to a steady input motion or a brake). If the supply has a low output impedance then the excitation can be rapidly slewed in both ongoing and offgoing directions. The circuit and its operation is described in detail and brief performance characteristics are shown for the switch when connected to a typical, contemporary ER device.


Think time in performance testing is the time spent by users between their interactions with a software system such as viewing responses, navigating on the screen, entering data etc. The value of think time has a significant effect on the results of the performance test in terms of the system load which is generated during the test. However, the use of realistic think time values has not been explored in detail either by researchers or performance testing practitioners in IT industry. Practitioners either use subjective think time values or values generated using uniform distribution. Our work provides an algorithm for extracting think time values by processing web server logs. The steps for using the extracted think time values are described for load testing tools such as Rational Performance Tester, JMeter and LoadRunner. The algorithm is used to extract think times from web server logs of a software system servicing a large number of users. The real-world think times are compared with the think times being used in the performance testing of the application. This work will help practitioners in the IT industry to generate more accurate and reliable performance testing results by moving away from the use of experience or intuition based think times to incorporating representative user delays in their tests. The proposed approach requires minimal effort and can be seamlessly made part of the performance testing process.


The changing trends in the usage of contemporary Web technologies and Web design have led to the Web 2.0 concept. Web 2.0 has introduced variety of new possibilities for both Internet service providers and users. The rapid evolution of services like e-banking, e-commerce, social-networking sites, blogs, and video-sharing sites have arisen. The nature of these services requires for users to be digitally identified. The identification process is conducted on the Web services level and each service has its own user identity control system, which makes usage of services more difficult for users and raises development costs for service providers. In Web 2.0 era, instead of having the identity on the Web services level, identification process should be conducted on the Web level. This concept is known as Identity 2.0 and it represents a federated identity model in which users are in full control of their online identities. In this paper we discuss security risks of federated identity model. Furthermore, we review OpenID, the most popular protocol that implements federated identity model. Finally, we describe how OpenID responds to the security issues of federated identity model. As a potential solution to those problems, we discuss related protocols and interoperability between them.


The paper studied the influence of "Jian Wei Zeng Dan San" on growth performance and egg quality of laying duck.The results showed that it could raise the laying rate and reduced the material egg ratio,reduce the cholesterol content of egg yolk.Compared with the control group and the test group,egg laying rate increase and the material egg ratio decreased,the material egg compares from 2.74 drops to 2.31,reduced 14.23%.The cholesterol content of egg yolk from 49.38 mmol/L droped to 32.49 mmol/L,reduced 34.20%.


An analysis of immunoglobulins responsible for gastric parietal cell antibodies and for antibodies to thyroid cell has been performed in twenty-four patients with pernicious anaemia and thirteen patients with thyroid disorders. Immunofluorescent technique with conjugated antisera specific to each of the three main immunoglobulins and to β1c-globulin was used.

IgG-globulin was responsible for gastric parietal cell antibodies in all patients investigated; IgA was found in gastric parietal cell antibodies of four thyroid patients but in none of the pernicious anaemia patients; IgM antibodies were found in two pernicious anaemia patients and in six thyroid patients. With regard to thyroid cell antibodies, IgG and IgA were both found responsible for antibody activity in thirteen cases and IgM in ten cases. In six patients, antibodies to thyroid cell were not β1c-fixing, whereas all sera with gastric parietal cell antibodies fixed β1c-globulin.

An obvious relationship could not be found either between the titres of the different types of antibodies within the same category of antibody, or between the titres of gastric parietal cell antibodies and thyroid cell antibodies in the same individual. An occasional relationship was found between the titres of IgG-parietal cell or thyroid cell antibodies and the capacity to bind β1c-globulin.

These results demonstrate that each of the three main immunoglobulins may contribute to gastric parietal cell antibodies and to antibodies to thyroid cell.


The development of Chinese securities business has offered independent auditing opportunity and also brought forward challenge. It is all along industry concerned issue that independent auditing will take on what roles and how to confront this challenge in high developed securities marketing. This paper discusses the relation between independent auditing and securities supervise and the problem being faced with independent auditing in securities supervise. The paper thinks that Chinese independent auditing is facing huge challenge and need proper reply.


Spatiotemporal vortex pulses are wave packets that carry transverse orbital angular momentum, exhibiting exotic structured wavefronts that can twist through space and time. Existing methods to generate these pulses require complex setups like spatial light modulators or computer-optimized structures. Here, we demonstrate a new approach to generate spatiotemporal vortex pulses using just a simple diffractive grating. The key is constructing a phase vortex in frequency-momentum space by leveraging symmetry, resonance, and diffraction. Our approach is applicable to any wave system. We use a liquid surface wave platform to directly demonstrate and observe the real-time generation and evolution of spatiotemporal vortex pulses. This straightforward technique provides opportunities to explore pulse dynamics and potential applications across different disciplines.


SUMMARY The geoid anomaly due to the oceanic and the continental lithosphere is a second-order quantity which is sensitive to the definition of isostasy. As the geoid and the compensation level (2200 km depth) are both equipotential surfaces, further potential changes are induced due to infilling of sea-water above and mantle material below, until equilibrium is maintained. The final geoid is composed of seven second-order effects. In this work the surface of the earth is divided into 36 x 18 spherical trapezoids, 10" x 10" each, and age is assigned to each trapezoid containing oceanic lithosphere using the map of Larson et al. The geoid anomaly is calculated using the method of rings, in which a set of 18 rings about an arbitrary point (observation point) covers the whole earth. Over most of the earth, the direct dipole effect is dominant relative to the direct mass effect. The final geoid anomaly, after the self-deformation effect, can be up to twice as much as the initial mass and dipole signals. The calculated geoid follows some major observed anomalies over the earth such as the geoid high in the west Pacific and the low in the Indian ocean; but is poorly correlated with the observed geoid due to large and wide anomalies, presumably caused by flow in the mantle, such as the low over Antarctica. These results suggest, although not statistically significant, that the residual geoid variance reaches a minimum if the reference density under the oceanic lithosphere of 3.28 g is slightly higher than the 3.268 cm-' under the continental lithosphere.


Although it may seem that such an index would be ideal for the beginning student, in its present form it is most useful to those already familiar with the major manuscripts and with the major periods of artistic development, as they seek comparative material for any one particular monument. The person experienced in the study of manuscripts will know which manuscripts have been published and which libraries, museums, and collections are willing to send photographs on request. When used in this manner, the index is a very useful research tool and all specialists will be most grateful for it. The value of the index would have been greatly enhanced by the inclusion of descriptions of those manuscripts which are not catalogued elsewhere. Although the inclusion of the lists from which the index must have been compiled would have added to its bulk, it would also have increased its importance to specialists and students alike. There is no doubt, however, that the index as presently constituted is a valuable addition to the library of anyone studying Islamic illustrated manuscripts. It is certain to be widely used and appreciated. PRISCILLA SOUCEK University of Michigan


Background: The incidence rate of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Mempawah District was recorded as 51 per 100,000 populations in the year 2017, with 2.6% Case Fatality Rate. The research was conducted in Pulau Pedalaman and Sungai Bakau Kecil Villages, Antibar Subdistrict, Mempawah Regency.Aims: This study aims to determine the entomological indicators, with the presence of dengue virus in Ae.aegypti larvae, and the risk of DHF transmission in Mempawah Regency.Methods and Material:Larvae survey by cluster sampling technique was used in this research. The clusters include four and three neighborhoods of Pulau Pedalaman and Sungai Bakau Kecil Villages, and were conducted in 152 and 153 houses of the survey locations, respectively. The Polymerase Chain Reaction was used to detect the existing dengue virus in Aedes aegypti larvae. Results: The results showed that the survey location was peat area, with sufficient supply of clean or rainwater reservoir in large jug, torn, and bucket. The entomology indicators in Pulau Pedalaman Village were as follows, HI (House Index) =56.25%, CI (Container Index) =14.87%, and BI (Breteau Index) =116.25, while that of Sungai Bakau Kecil included HI=29.49%, CI=6.06%, and BI=41.67. Therefore, both villages had a high risk of DHF transmission. The Aedes larvae were observed in the clean water container of large jug made from cement, torn, and bucket, and were mostly found in outdoors of Sungai Bakau Kecil (66%) and indoors of Pulau Pedalaman (59%). Meanwhile, as much as 95% of the containers were not properly maintained by cleaning or draining.Conclusions:Pulau Pedalaman and Sungai Bakau Kecil villages have a high risk of DHF transmission Ramadhani et al (2021): Entomological indicators with the existence of Dengue Virus Jan 2021 Vol. 24 Issue 01 Annals of Tropical Medicine & Public Health http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2021.241104


The Rayleigh–Benard situation in Boussinesq–Stokes suspensions is investigated using both linear and non-linear stability analyses. The linear and non-linear analyses are based on a normal mode solution and minimal representation of double Fourier series, respectively. The e4ect of suspended particles on convection is delineated against the background of the results of the clean 5uid. The realm of non-linear convection warrants the quanti6cation of heat transfer and this has been achieved on the Rayleigh–Nusselt plane. Possibility of aperiodic convection is discussed. ? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


This paper investigates the impact of certain side information that are available in the channels and/or signals on the blind system identification through the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB). More precisely, we considered a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) system, and studied, for different scenarios, the performance bounds for channel estimation in both deterministic and Bayesian cases. The latter correspond to the situations where side information is brought by either a pilot sequence (semi-blind case), channel sparsity (specular channel case) or certain signal's statistical properties such as the non-circularity. This analysis allows us to have a better understanding of the behavior of the blind channel estimation when the considered side information is taken into account.


To evaluate the cold tolerance of savoy(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis var.rosularis Tsen),physiological and morphological characteristics in savoy were studied under low temperature;the relationship between different indexes of cold tolerance were revealed,which would provide a theoretical basis for discovery and promotion of cold tolerant germplasm,evaluation on cold tolerance of a large number of savoy varieties and breeding of new coldtolerant varieties.The cold resistance of 6savoy varieties were test materials,the cold comprehensive evaluation of chilling tolerant coefficient(CTC)about relative electric conductivity,chlorophyll content,relative MDA content and relative soluble sugar content in leaves of savoy seedlings under low temperature stress(0℃,5d)and the rest of the seedlings grown in field,waiting for mature determines their 12 morphological characteristics,were evaluated by principal components analysis and subordinate function analysis.During low temperature treatment,no significant correlation was found between pigments content with chilling tolerance of savoy various cultivars and soluble sugar content of each type were increased;the 19single indexes could be classified into 4independent comprehensive components.Leaf color,Leaf color,leaf area,plant type,degree of compaction were reflecting the main morphological characters of savoy;relative electric conductivity and relative MOD content reflected savoy cold tolerance identification of the main indicators.The subordinate function analysis was used to divide 6savoy cultivars into three chillingtolerance types.Leaf color depth,small size,small plant type,tight varieties of cold resistance was strong.Leaf color,leaf area,plant type,the variety of loose cold resistance was weak.


An abstract of the thesis of Terri Christian Theisen for the Master of Arts in History presented February 14, 1996. Title: "With a View Toward Their Civilization": Women and the Work of Indian Reform. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, white middle and upper class women active in reform became involved in the movement for American Indian reform. Focusing on the so-called "Indian problem," groups such as the Women's National Indian Association (WNIA) were formed to address the injustices against, and sufferings of, American Indian people at the hands of the U.S. military due to the increasing pressures and demands of western migration. This study addresses the role white women played in the movement for Indian reform through their involvement either as part of the WNIA membership or as missionaries, teachers or field matrons. The thesis is concerned, above all, with the ways in which their involvement reflects larger historical trends that enveloped white middle class women during the late nineteenth and early twentieth


Heterogeneous cash-flow risk affects the cross section of stock returns. Assets with a low covariance of cash-flow and consumption growth can serve as natural hedges against negative shocks in the economy. I find that stocks with high cash-flow risk have higher excess returns and a higher degree of asymmetric dependence, i.e. a higher correlation of stock returns with market returns during downturns relative to upturns. I use a consumption-based asset-pricing model with heterogeneous habits to make predictions about the effects of the firm-level cash-flow risk on the cross section of returns and return correlations. These predictions are largely confirmed by data.


The article chronicles the use of a Civil War soldier's diary to teach Civil War history. The project was carried out over a two-semester period in a social studies pedagogy class. The professor and students in cooperative learning groups and whole group discussions interpreted the diary. In this unique process, they also discussed how primary sources might be used to teach middle school and high school students United States History as a dynamic process of real people and not simply facts.


IN THE July, 1955, number of Ethics, Lawrence Haworth describes common sense morality as twofold: it consists of norms, prescribing or proscribing types of action, and of evaluations, judging the relations of actions to prized or disprized events.' Relying upon this description, Mr. Haworth concludes that common sense morality produces "warranted judgments of practice." As to this description, it is not complete. The judgments of common sense morality employ, in addition to norms and evaluations, what I may call exemplars, which are a form of symbolic figures or myth images.2 Such exemplars may be defined, in Mr. Haworth's terminology, as the cumulative or funded evaluations, not of events but of actions. They are based, in other words, not upon the prizing or disprizing of events, but upon the prizing or disprizing of actions. It follows from Mr. Haworth's thesis that actions may be judged with indignation if they fall under proscriptive norms or with approval if they fall under prescriptive norms. They may, further, be judged useful if they tend to produce prized events or harmful if they tend to produce disprized events. In either case there is no direct response to the action itself; but it is judged formally in relation to a norm to which it conforms or teleologically in relation to a prized event with which it is functionally related. We know, however, that there is in addition a direct response to actions themselves, whether real or imagined. Actions are capable of arousing in the observer direct responses of prizing and disprizing, admiration and revulsion. The relation of the response to the action is, further, capable of being "evaluated": if we analyze why we admire an act, we discover it is because it exemplifies, is consonant with, or symbolically evokes an example of a heroic, a saintly, or a noble mode of life which appeals to us directly as worthy of imitation. Mr. Haworth refers to prizing (that is, prizing events) as an instinctive response. This is obviously not intended to be taken strictly, for when "a child prizes fire and games and a gourmet, rich foods," these responses are learned, conditioned. However, they may perhaps be referred to with precision as biological responses. Perhaps a refined aesthetic response (as to an abstract painting) may also be assimilated, on one side at least, to the type of such biological responses. But whether a reverent or a scornful direct response to an action may be considered biological is perhaps more difficult to answer, unless we include in our understanding of "biological" the broader meaning given to that term by Bergson. In any case, the prizing of actions-that is, of exemplary modes of life-is an immediate response inherently related to whatever "biological" function underlies all of man's symbolic activity. How to reconcile this with general philosophical theory is not at the moment my concern. I wish merely to point out that direct judgments of action, and practices derived from those judgments, are an essential, independent part of common sense morality. When we appreciate an act as "courtly" or "saintly" or "maternal," this is a judgment different from, independent of, and essentially prior to identifying the norms of action that apply to it or evaluating the causes and effects functionally related to it. Completing the description of common sense morality in this way makes it possible to clarify another point left rather obscure by Mr. Haworth. He argues as follows: -Judgments based on common sense morality are not merely conventional and hence circular and groundless. This would be the case if the ethical tradition were static, but in fact the ethical tradition changes. In changing, it must adjust to a point of reference outside it and reach a working consistency with events independent of itself: for ethical decisions must, generally speaking, result in


For the constructed low density parity check( LDPC) codes,an iterative decoding algorithm is presented which is jointly designed with constellations and syndrome messages. At the check nodes,syndrome messages are directly processed and passed back to the variable nodes. At the variable nodes,constellations and syndrome messages are combined to calculate / process the decoding messages involved. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the presented algorithm can remain good decoding performance with lower decoding complexities.


ABSTRACT Virtually all state charter school legislation addresses teacher rights and working environment. Relationships with teacher unions are either specified in the law, or approval of the charter requires suitable provisions for employee hiring, firing, grievances, etc. Charter school evaluation almost without exception includes some references to these issues. This study uses an online survey to gather information gauging the effect of the ambient union environment on charter school practices and attitudes related to teacher rights and teacher participation in school administration and governance. In the first phase of a projected national study, three states were selected whose public sector collective bargaining environments are very different. Analysis of attitudes, practices, and demographics showed significant differences in views about teacher involvement in school governance, but little difference in views or practices concerning teacher unions in charter schools. Limited survey response resulted in collection methods which will be corrected in an anticipated national study. The online survey method of data collection is discussed. Implications for public policy and future charter school legislation are explored. Further studies should address variations in the impact of union involvement between public, private, and charter schools.


Fas/Fas ligand (FasL)-mediated apoptotic and non-apoptotic processes have long been known to regulate inflammatory responses. FasL exerts biological functions through two different forms in vivo: a membrane-bound FasL (mFasL) and soluble FasL (sFasL). It is unknown whether sFasL contributes to the pathogenesis of joint inflammation. Here, we found that sFasL triggered soluble CX3CL1 generation from fibroblast-like synovial cells by enhancing proteinase activity, which induced CX3CR1+ joint immune cell migration and chemokine production in an apoptosis-independent manner in mice and humans. Murine and human synovial cells deficient for Fas were minimally affected by sFasL-mediated induction of joint inflammation. Blockade of sFasL or CX3CR1 attenuated antibody-induced arthritis in mice. Therefore, we propose a novel function of sFasL in regulating joint inflammation via the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 axis, a process that occurs independently of Fas ligation. This novel axis may be a useful therapeutic target for arthritis.


A series of design optimizations made during the construction of Angat Water Utilization and Aqueduct Improvement Project in the Philippines is introduced herein.All of the optimizations concerned have played an important role in the project safety,quality,schedule and cost control,and then better economic and social benefits have been obtained as well.


This project will focus on the passivation of varistors using lead-free glass. To date, the glass used contains PbO in order to lower the melting temperature of the glass. Pb is still allowed for u ...


We consider scalar delay differential equations $x'(t) = -\delta x(t) + f(t,x_t) \ (*)$ with nonlinear f satisfying a sort of negative feedback condition combined with a boundedness condition. The well-known Mackey--Glass-type equations, equations satisfying the Yorke condition, and equations with maxima all fall within our considerations. Here, we establish a criterion for the global asymptotical stability of a unique steady state to (*). As an example, we study Nicholson's blowflies equation, where our computations support the Smith conjecture about the equivalence between global and local asymptotical stabilities in this population model.


Initially drawings will be taken for all views by using reverse engineering concepts, then by using those drawing model will be developed by using latest modeling software's like PRO-E , for draw the INNOVA CAR CHASSIS FRAME with Two different cross section namely Rectangular and C-type models, then model will be saved in IGES format, and same will be imported into FEA software like ANSYS, Static analysis can be performed at loads and boundary conditions will be applied as per technical and practical conditions and then results will be reviewed and submitted.


College student is the source of inovation that can further the country. Indonesia needs their inovation, either on social and humanities scope or science and technology scope. But they choose different ways after college. There is students that want to work, and some of them want to be entrepreneur. And the purpose of this research is knowing the effect of their major to their interest of being an entrepreneur. The sample of this research is the college students from vary major in many universities. The independent variable is the major and the major category (social and humanities/science and technology) and dependent variable is the career plan and the tendency between working and doing business. The data analysis that was used is by counting the average tendency of doing business from each majors and major categories. The result of this research show that majors effect student's interest for doing business although not significant. The students from all of major categories show that they have interest for doing business. But the tendency for doing business of social and humanities students is higher than science and technology students. The significant difference appears on the major that is strongly-related with finance/money. They have significant difference in tendency for doing business.


Numerical integration methods for solving differential equations naturally give rise to difference equations which in many cases can be subsequently converted into iterative maps. In this paper we study some consistency problems of local dynamics and bifurcation between the continuous-time (CT) dynamical systems defined by the differential equations and the discrete-time (DT) dynamical systems resulting from numerical methods of solving the differential equations. We first formulate the concepts of dynamical and bifurcational consistencies, and then present qualitative and quantitative results on the discretization step size and bifurcation parameter for general one-step methods of order p and specific methods like the Euler, backward Euler, explicit and implicit Runge-Kutta methods, so that the local dynamics and low-dimensional bifurcations (e.g., the saddle-node and Hopf bifurcations) of the CT systems are inherited exactly by the DT systems.


SUMMARY The seasonal variation during 1973 and 1974 of phytoplankton and some physical and chemical conditions in Kinnego Bay, a shallow highly eutrophic part of Lough Neagh, N. Ireland, are described. The shallow water column was always well-mixed, and vertical heterogeneity with respect to temperature and oxygen saturation was slight. The annual loading of algal nutrients was very great, but concentrations could be low as a result of depletion by the large algal growths. Diatoms, especially Stephanodiscus hantzschii, were dominant in the phytoplankton community during spring and autumn, but blue-green algae predominated during summer. Peak crops of both chlorophyll a (240 mg m-3) and algal volume (60 mm3 l-l) were extremely high. Apparent changes in algal standing crop were found to be highly dependent on the form in which the algal biomass was expressed. In view of the high loading of nutrients into the bay, it is suggested that the annual succession of phytoplankton species was not entirely attributable to nutritional considerations, but was at least partly a response to changing physical conditions.


This study aims to construct a mathematical model of the relationship between a student's Language Learning Strategy usage and English Language proficiency. Fifty-six pre-university students of University Malaysia Sabah participated in this study. A self-report questionnaire called the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning was administered to them to measure their language learning strategy preferences before they sat for the Malaysian University English Test (MUET), the results of which were utilised to measure their English language proficiency. We attempted the model assessment specific to Multiple Linear Regression Analysis subject to variable selection using Stepwise regression. We conducted various assessments to the model obtained, including the Global F-test, Root Mean Square Error and R-squared. The model obtained suggests that not all language learning strategies should be included in the model in an attempt to predict Language Proficiency.


Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) is a major mediator of inflammatory responses in many diseases that inhibits bone formation and stimulates bone resorption. To determine molecular mechanisms involved in the suppression of bone formation we have analyzed the effects of TNF‐α on BSP gene expression. Bone sialoprotein (BSP) is a mineralized tissue‐specific protein that appears to function in the initial mineralization of bone. Previous studies have demonstrated that BSP mRNA expression is essentially restricted to fully‐differentiated cells of mineralized connective tissues and that the expression of BSP is developmentally regulated. Treatment of rat osteosarcoma ROS 17/2.8 cells with TNF‐α (10 ng/ml) for 24 h caused a marked reduction in BSP mRNA levels. The addition of antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC; 20 mM) 30 min prior to stimulation with TNF‐α attenuated the inhibition of BSP mRNA levels. Transient transfection analyses, using chimeric constructs of the rat BSP gene promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene, revealed that TNF‐α (10 ng/ml) suppressed expression in all constructs, including a short construct (pLUC3; nts −116 to +60), transfected into ROS17/2.8 cells. Further deletion analysis of the BSP promoter showed that a region within nts −84 to −60 was targeted by TNF‐α, the effects which were inhibited by NAC and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A (HA). Introduction of 2bp mutations in the inverted CCAAT box (ATTGG; nts −50 and −46), a putative cAMP response element (CRE; nts −75 to −68), and a FGF response element (FRE; nts −92 to −85) showed that the TNF‐α effects were mediated by the CRE. These results were supported by gel mobility shift assays, using a radiolabeled double‐stranded CRE oligonucleotide, which revealed decreased binding of a nuclear protein from TNF‐α‐stimulated ROS 17/2.8 cells. Further, the inhibitory effect of TNF‐α on CRE DNA–protein complex was completely abolished by NAC or HA treatment. These studies, therefore, show that TNF‐α suppresses BSP gene transcription through a tyrosine kinase‐dependent pathway that generates reactive oxygen species and that the TNF‐α effects are mediated by a CRE element in the proximal BSP gene promoter. J. Cell. Biochem. 87: 313–323, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The objective of this article is to investigate about the diverse types of authorship in the international order and its enforcement in the prosecution of international crimes under domestic law. This aspect has been presented in different national precedents by the grasp of the interpretation of previous instances of the international justice. Such an interpretation broadens the foundations of domestic law, creating concerns of definition in a concrete aspect, such as the authorship in those cases, which impairs the criminal liability. For the relevant purposes, the following article is developed under both the legal dogmatic and jurisprudential analysis method, using methodologic, historic, descriptive, comparative and propositional tools.


Abstract The completion-time variance (CTV) and the waiting-time variance (WTV) are two performance measures which are commonly used in optimization of single-machine scheduling systems. This paper shows that when the number of jobs is large the two measures are nearly equivalent in a probabilistic environment.


A high-molecular water-soluble preparation from stems of Borago officinalis (Boraginaceae family) was isolated. According to data from UV, IR, 1 H, 13 C NMR, gCOSY and 2D heteronuclear 1 H/ 13 C gHSQCED experiments, the main chemical constituent of this water-soluble high-molecular preparation from stems of Borago officinalis (HMP-BS) was found to be a biologically active caffeic acid-derived polymer, namely poly[oxy-1-carboxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylene] also referred to as poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)glyceric acid] (PDPGA). PDPGA was previously detected in high-molecular preparations of Symphytum asperum , S.


The area of Finnish inland waters is 33,500 km 2 . Forty fish species, eleven of them indigenous, have been encountered in the area. The annual catch from inland fisheries is around 40,000 metric tons. The largest changes in fish habitats in Finnish inland waters have been caused by hydropower construction and timber-floating in rivers, and eutrophication and water level regulation in lakes. River-spawning fish species have lost their spawning habitats or access to spawning sites. In many lakes, eutrophication together with selective gill-net fishing has shifted the fish assemblages towards dominance by cyprinids and other small-sized plankton feeders. precipitation has affected fish stocks in ca. 1% of the 56,000 lakes. Acidification has decreased during the past decade. The management and use of water resources is regulated by the Water Act. To meet the requirements of the Act, e.g ., in water construction works the use of the best available techniques (BAT) is required. Enhancement of fish habitats and natural reproduction is gaining importance in fisheries management instead of or together with stocking of young fish. Timber-floating has ceased in streams and rivers, and rehabilitation programs for fishery purposes have been carried out. Habitat-hydraulic models have been used to guide rehabilitation programs in rivers to meet the needs of juvenile salmonids. In lakes, eutrophication from point sources have been reduced. Reduction of non-point loads is now in the focus. Modelling of interactions in fish community, fishing and stocking has given promising results in fisheries management. Water level regulation practices that take into account the survival of fish eggs and larvae are considered in large reservoirs and lakes. dynamics of ecosystems should be given more emphasis to mitigate the combined effects of anthropogenic influences on fish habitats and communities.


Based on the probability amplitude ratio of the corresponding states of quantum bits, the rotation angle of quantum rotation gate is calculated adaptively and a new quantum rotation gate is constructed. A novel quantum evolutionary algorithms (NQEA), whose core is that the designed quantum rotation gate is used as evolutionary strategy is introduced, rapid convergence and good global search capability characterize the performance of NQEA, and NQEA is able to possess the two characteristics of exploration and exploitation, simultaneously. NQEA is applied on the physical distribution vehicle routing problem - a typical combinatorial optimization problem, the results show that NQEA is superior to the previous quantum evolutionary algorithm as well as other conventional genetic algorithms


CeO2-ZrO2/TiO2 solid solutions modified CuO/TiO2 catalyst was prepared by impregnation method and the catalytic activity in catalytic combustion of ethyl acetate has been measured. the promoting effect of solid solutions in CeO2-ZrO2/TiO2 catalyst for catalytic combustion of ethyl acetate compared to CuO/TiO2 catalyst was deduced to be based on the improving reducibility of catalyst and the high dispersion of CuO on the surface of support, thus, catalytic activity of the modefied catalyst was improved.


I N PREVIOUS REPO1 TS from this laboratory the hematologic mansifestationss of experimentally induced pteroylglutamic a('id deficienscy'3 arid of vitamins B,2 deficienscy4 have beers described. rrh deficiency of pteroylglutamic acid'3 was produced ins a total of 56 switse by feeditsg a purified diet ('otstaininig casein arid supplemented with sevens B vitaminss, succinylsulfathiazole arid a folic acid antagonsist.. rFhe hematologic matsifestationss observed were severe macrocytic aniemia, leukopenia with proportionsately greater reductioti in polymorphoniuclear cells thans in monsoniuclear cells, slight thrombocytopensia and hyperplasia of the bone marrow. rFhe bone marrow cotstained many large immature nucleated red cells which, by virtue of their size arid immaturity, resembled the megaloblasts seen its the marrow of patiensts with pernsicious anemia. However, these cells (liffered from the megaloblasts of pernicious anemia iti that their nuclear chromatins was isot as delicate as that seers ins "true" megaloblasts. These cells are perhaps more correctly referred to as "macrotsormoblasts" rather than "megaloblasts." All of the hematologic maniifestatiotss of a deficienscy of pteroylglutamic acid were alleviated rapidly ansd completely l)y the administration of this vitamin or by the adminsistrationi of any one of its three known cotijugates. Purified liver extract. arid vitamin B,2 were founsd to possess little or rio hemopoietic activity under these conditions. Indeed, all of the hematologic maniifestat.ionss of a deficienicy of pteroylglutamic acid appeared ins animals givets 5 U.S.P. units of liver extract every fifteens days from the l)eginsnsitsg of the experiment.


A standard efficient-contracts model of employment determination in a unionized labor market is contrasted with a naive model of labor supply and demand that allows for the possibility of monopsony in the market for public school teachers. The standard model is consistent with the data and suggests that employment contracts are strongly efficient, but a more surprising result is that the simple supply/demand model is not rejected by the data either. Estimates of the latter suggest that the demand for teachers is inelastic and that the supply curve is slightly upward sloping, rather than perfectly elastic, at the union wage.


Wireless communication is a way of information transmission based on wireless network. It mainly includes microwave communication and satellite communication. There is no conductor between the receiving points of transmitting information. Microwave belongs to radio waves, its propagation distance is not far, but its transmission frequency and communication capacity is relatively high. Microwave resonators have been widely used and provide convenient conditions for wireless communication. In this paper, the status quo of wireless communication microwave resonator and some optimization schemes based on computer technology are described, and some obvious effects will be achieved after optimization based on computer technology are summarized.


We extend the estimate obtained in [1] for the mean curvature of a cylindrically bounded proper submanifold in a product manifold with an Euclidean space as one factor to a general product ambient space endowed with a warped product structure.


Abstract Arterial hypertension in patients with diabetes plays a main role in the earlier development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and endothelial dysfunction is considered to be a process involved in the development of diabetic complications. It is important to study the markers which gives the opportunity to identify DKD in early stage. In this article is presented a study of 24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (24hABPM) data in patients with diabetes and its interconnection with estimated glomerular filtration rate and endothelial dysfunction. The endothelial function was determined using the levels of TGF-b1(transforming growth factor-beta1) and VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1). In our study, we obtained convincing results that complex including endothelial dysfunction and results of 24hABPM can be considered as early signs of DKD progression in patients with diabetes.


Social developmentalism is fraught with the fallacies of growth. In a world plagued by paroxysm of neuroses, fear, self-righteous contempt, violence and global inequalities, universal needs—survival, justice and human dignity—call for new strategies for social transformation. It implies a fresh critique of social development, its theory, practice and politics. This paper seeks to deconstruct the kitsch of outdated constructs that sustain and perpetuate oppressive structures of social exclusions.


A dynamic distributed decision-making (DDD) environment for US Naval command and control is being utilized for experimentation on the cooperation of human decision-makers as they attempt to attain common goals. ADAM/DDD is a design tool that promotes the specification of a complete and accurate scenario for a given experiment. From conceptually structured designs, ADAM/DDD generates the information and facts that are required to conduct an experiment. Whenever updates are made to the scenario, ADAM/DDD automatically cascades each change throughout the scenario to all other appropriate or relevant data values in a process referred to as propagation. The authors report on ADAM/DDD, focusing on its support for propagation.<<ETX>>


Traditional recommendation usually focuses on utilizing only one target user behavior (e.g., purchase) but ignoring other auxiliary behaviors (e.g., click, add to cart). Early efforts of multi-behavior recommendation often emphasize the differences between multiple behaviors, i.e., they aim to extract useful information by distinguishing different behaviors. However, the commonality between them, which reflects user's common preference for items associated with different behaviors, is largely ignored. Meanwhile, the multi-behavior recommendation still severely suffers from limited supervision signal issue. In this paper, we propose a novel self-supervised graph collaborative filtering model for multi-behavior recommendation named S-MBRec. Specifically, for each behavior, we execute the GCNs to learn the user and item embeddings. Then we design a supervised task, distinguishing the importance of different behaviors, to capture the differences between embeddings. Meanwhile, we propose a star-style contrastive learning task to capture the embedding commonality between target and auxiliary behaviors, so as to alleviate the sparsity of supervision signal, reduce the redundancy among auxiliary behavior, and extract the most critical information. Finally, we jointly optimize the above two tasks. Extensive experiments, in comparison with state-of-the-arts, well demonstrate the effectiveness of S-MBRec, where the maximum improvement can reach to 20%.


Available experimental data on a 65xB0; swept back cropped delta wing with rounded leading edges have been analysed, the experimental data cover a Mach number range of 0.4 to 4 and include results from the DFVLR Transonic Wind Tunnel (TWG) at Goettingen and the NLR High Speed (HST) and Supersonic (SST) Wind Tunnels at Amsterdam. The tests at a Mach number of 0.85 cover a Reynolds number range of 2.4 to 13 million. The extensive static pressure data have been analysed in detail. Based on limited surface flow13; visualization results, three basic flow types have been identified - fully attached flow, mixed flow and leading edge separated flow. The mixed type of flow has been further sub-classified into three types depending on the location of separation. The results show that flow attachment at the rounded leading edge occurs at a lower Mach number compared to a wing with sharp leading edge. Also, leading edge separation on a wing with a drooped leading edge occurs at an angle of attack which is higher compared to that of the undrooped case by an angle approximately equal to the droop. It is shown that the Reynolds number has a significant effect on the boundaries between the different types of flow. In particular, an increase in Reynolds number causes leading edge separation to occur at higher angles of attack.


A relative excess of nonneoplastic cells in frozen carcinoma samples is often a cause of false‐negative results in molecular assays. Given the greater cohesiveness of epithelial tumor cells compared with nonneoplastic epithelium and mesenchymal stroma, the authors hypothesized that tumor procurement by touch imprinting would provide a simple, cost‐effective method of obtaining enriched neoplastic cells compared with frozen whole‐tumor samples.


OBJECTIVE To explore and analyze the adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injection,in order to propose appropriate preventive measures.METHODS 130 cases of reports on the adverse reactions of traditional Chinese medicine injection received in our hospital from Jun2011 to Jun2013 were collected,the patient's gender,age,adverse reaction history,adverse reactions-involved systems,clinical manifestations,traditional Chinese medicine injections varieties,route of administration were analyzed.RESULTS The ratio of male to female in 130 cases of adverse reactions patients using traditional Chinese medicine injection was 1.13∶1.14 Patients had previous history of adverse reactions(10.8%),while 91 cases had no history of adverse reactions(70%).Adverse reactions-involved systems mainly were systemic damage occurred in 68 cases(52.3%),followed by skin and attachment system in28 cases(21.5%),the digestive system in10 cases(7.7%);The top10 of adverse reactions of TCM injections were Shu Xue Tong injection,XST injection,Shengmai injection,Danshen injection, SHL injection,Acanthopanax injection,fish fishy grass injection,Tanreqing injection and Erigeron injection;the involvedroute of administration was mainly intravenous injection with 126 cases,which accounting for 96.9%.CONCLUSION The safety evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine injection should be increased;TCM injections preclinical safety evaluation system and post-marketing safety re-evaluation should be improved,and for the special populations they should be closely observed during the initial period.


Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) are popular in different research fields due to their unique physical and chemical properties and superior antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, larvicidal, and catalytic potentials. Although conventional wet methods like colloidal synthesis, calcination, and spark ablation for synthesizing MNPs are effective, their synthesis uses an array of reducing and stabilizing agents and gases, making the process tedious. Additionally, metal nanoparticles induce oxidative stress through reactive oxygen species (ROS), showing high toxicity. Research and development in green chemistry have gained momentum and massive attention because of being efficient, clean, economical, environment-friendly, and free of hazardous byproducts. Recently, seed extracts in-lieu of chemical stabilizers and reducing agents have become popular because of the single-step green synthesis of MNPs. Seeds provide the researchers with a cost-effective alternate to other biological methods due to low maintenance costs, culture/growth independence for biomass, and diversity of phytochemicals as reducing and capping agents. Thus, effective green synthesis approaches are considered sustainable for MNP synthesis. This review depicts the literature on the challenges associated with metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and discusses their synthesis using seed extracts. The application section of the review discusses the antimicrobial, anticancer, and larvicidal activities of seed extracted-synthesized metallic nanoparticles. Furthermore, insights into the different biological potentials of the synthesized green MNPs have also been discussed.


In this paper, methanol oxidation boosted by various illumination conditions on Pt-TiO2 hybrid electrodes was studied. Platinum was grown on TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) through photodecomposition of chloroplatinic acid to achieve a compact junction between Pt and TiO2. A 9 % increase on oxidation current of methanol was observed under UV (254 nm) illumination, as well as illuminated by red light laser diode (650 nm). Furthermore, a 13 % increase on current was observed under UV and laser co-illumination. Preliminary result demonstrates that the plasmonic enhancement mechanism on Pt-TiO2 hybrid can facilitate the oxidation kinetics of methanol.


Toxicity testing in populations probe for responses in demographic variables to anthropromorphic or natural chemical changes in the environment. Importantly, these tests are performed on species in isolation of adjacent tropic levels in their ecosystem. The development and validation of coupled species models may aid in predicting adverse outcomes at the ecosystems level. Here, we aim to validate a model for the population dynamics of the green algae Raphidocelis subcapitata, a species that is often used as a primary food source in toxicity experiments for the fresh water crustacean Daphnia magna. We collected longitudinal data from 3 replicate population experiments of R. subcapitata. We used this data with statistical model comparison tests and uncertainty quantification techniques to compare the performance of four models, the logistic model, a discrete version of the logistic model, the Bernoulli model, and the Gompertz model. Overall, our results suggest that the logistic model is the most accurate continuous model for R. subcapitata population growth.


This mixed methods study reports on the outcomes of a professional development model (PDM) developed by a K-12 private school in Beirut, Lebanon, after 3 years of its employment. Specifically, an evaluation of this PDM is provided with special emphasis on its potential of developing teacher leaders at school. The PDM embraces a constructivist approach whereby teachers train colleague teachers and some high school students provide ushering services during professional development events. Data was collected using focus group interviews with teacher trainers, surveying teacher trainees and asking student ushers to describe their most important gain from this model using a single statement. Findings of the study highlight resonant school gains from this PDM and underscore its potential in developing not only teacher leadership but also student leadership. The study provides important implications for professional development program designers.


Humic acid (HA)-clay convoluted are well identified for their contribution to environmental processes. Upflow column filter experiments were performed in this study to scrutinize humic acid in simulated synthetic aqueous solution (SSAS) removal using kaolin, montmorillonite and fe-modified montmorillonite under different experimental conditions. The results showed that humic acid removal was higher in fe-modified montmorillonite clay than in kaolin and montmorillonite clays at optimum experimental conditions. The results show that the optimum removal efficiency of HA using femodified montmorillonite was 99 % for humic acid from simulated synthetic aqueous solution (SSAS) when pH = 1, flow rate = 15 ml/min, retention time = 90 min and initial HA concentration = 1 ppm. This efficiency was decreased with increasing of pH, flow rate and initial humic acid concentration while the removal efficiency increased with increasing retention time. This indicates that humic acid removal can be enhanced through the surface charge modification of montmorillonite, by replacing the natural interlayer cations of montmorillonite with polymeric Fe species, the properties of clay surfaces can be modified, and this allows them to interact with both organic and inorganic pollutants dissolved in water. The results of reusability of fe-modified montmorillonite clay obtained that only a slight loss in % HA removal efficiency was observed after five cycles of consecutive reusability, demonstrating that fe-modified montmorillonite was high-performance recyclable filter media for the removal of HA. Results of the experimental data show that the best empirical correlation achieved the most fitting of predicted % removal of HA from (SSAS) using fe-modified montmorillonite clay that gives the maximum value of (R2 = 0.9998). Fe-modified montmorillonite is potential efficient filter media to be used as possible future promising development in filtration field.


We describe a new species of a large eleutherodactyline frog from the mountain rocky meadows ("campos rupestres") of the Serra do Sincora, Espinhaco mountain range, Mucuge municipality, State of Bahia, Brazil. The new species is promptly diagnosed from all the other Brazilian eleutherodactylines by its large size (males SVL 40.3–41.1; females SVL 75.2–79.7mm), broad head (head width 43–49% of SVL), presence of frontoparietal crests, pars fascialis of the maxilla deepened, discs absent on fingers, toes with poorly developed discs, first and second toes ridged, and tarsal fold absent. On the basis of these characters the new species is attributed to the genus Strabomantis up to now restricted to southern part of Central America and northwest part of South America.


Objective To investigate the influence of granulocyte colony stimulating factor(G-CSF) on nitric oxide(NO)、malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)content in serum and cardiac tissue of acute myocardial infarction(AMI)rats.Methods The rat models of myocardial infarction established by ligation of anterior descending coronary artery were divided randomly into 3 groups including G-CSF treatment group(GAMI group),myocardial infarction control group(AMI group)and sham operation group(SO group),and rhG-csF was injected,which was diluted with normal saline(concentration of 2 mg/L)10 μg/kg/d after the GAMI group model had completed 3 hours for 5 days.Rats of AMI and SO group were injected the same amount of saline 3 hours later for 5 days.NO、MDA、SOD contents in serum and myocardial tissue of every group were tested 24 hours after the last administration.Results Compared with that of SO group,MDA in the serum and cardiac muscle of acute myocardial infarction increased significantly(P0.01),NO and SOD content decreased significantly(P0.01) in AMI group.In comparison with that of AMI group,MDA decreased significantly(P0.05),NO and SOD increased significantly in G-CSF group(P0.05).Conclusion G-CSF can increase the content of NO,activity of SOD,and reduce the content of MDA in acute myocardial infarction rats.The mechanism of protecting acute myocardial infarction may has relationship with the effect that it transfers bone marrow stem cell to the damaged heart and further differentiate to cardiac muscle cell and endothelial cell,thus participating oxygen-free-radical clearing activity and anti-lipid peroxidation.


The foundations of the electronic world are constantly evolving. To evolve with them circuit designs need to accomplish more, in ever decreasing spaces, at much higher speeds. An emerging technology assisting designers with this evolution is the move toward embedding passive functionality into the substrate of the printed wiring board. This paper discusses performance and reliability data of both unfilled and ceramic-filled polyimide-based thin core laminates for use as embedded planar capacitor layers. A short overview of a simulation tool's prediction of the impact of increasing the dielectric constant between power and ground will also be discussed.


Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say) is a destructive quarantine insect pest.The controlling techniques for Colorado potato beetle include agricultural and physical methods(by crop rotation and trench traps etc.),biological control(by using microbial insecticides or active extracts from plants,introduction of natural enemies etc.) and chemical control(by using organophosphates,carbamates,pyrethroids and other new insecticides).The resistance mechanism mainly involved the enhanced activities of relevant metabolic enzyme,especially cytochrome P450s;the genetics of resistance was usually autosomal,incompletely recessive and polygenic.The resistance monitoring techniques include traditional bioassay and gene-mutation detection methods.The latters,including solid-phase minisequencing(SPMS),single-stranded conformational polymorphism(SSCP),bi-directional PCR amplification of specific alleles(bi-PASA) etc,are playing more and more important role in the resistance monitoring of colorado potato beetle.


Lower bound estimates have been found of the shakedown pressure for a flush radial cylinder-sphere intersection. This has been achieved by applying Melan's theorem and making use of elastic solutions already in existence. Results are presented in compact graphical form.


Medical science has long been informed by the study of animal physiology and pathophysiology, both spontaneous and induced. Physiologist Claude Bernard studied dogs to better understand pancreatic, hepatic and cardiovascular homeostasis [1,2]. Best and Banting uncovered the function of insulin through studies in experimental dogs [3]. More recent studies of obesity in cats have found similarities and interesting differences in the manifestation of the adverse effects of overnutrition between cats and humans [4]. The complete sequencing of the human and mouse genomes, and deep sequencing of pig, cattle, dog and cat have opened up the opportunity to systematically compare genetic similarities and differences [5,6]. [...]


Pyranometers are used to measure the global and diffuse components of solar irradiance. One of the methods to calculate the unshade (global) responsivity of a pyranometer is the standard shading method, described in the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, section 14, volume 14.02. In this paper, the standard method is used to calculate the shade (diffuse) responsivity of a pyranometer by accounting for the zenith and azimuth response of the pyranometer. A discussion of the effect of pyranometer offset on the calculated responsivity is also presented.


This study presents the first mapping of soil erosion risk modelling based on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) at a sub-annual (monthly) temporal resolution and national scale (100 m spatial resolution). The monthly maps show highest water erosion rates on Swiss grasslands in August (1.25 t ha month). In summer, the mean monthly soil loss by water erosion is 48 times higher than the mean soil loss in winter. Considering the annual average fraction of green vegetation cover of 54%, the predicted soil erosion rate for the Swiss national grassland area would add up to a total eroded soil mass of 5.26 Mt yr. The RUSLE application with an intact 100% vegetation cover would largely reduce the soil loss to an average annual rate of 0.14 t ha year. These findings clearly highlight the importance to consider and maintain the current status of the vegetation cover for soil erosion prediction and soil conservation, respectively. ARTICLE HISTORY Received 13 November 2018 Accepted 19 February 2019


The crystalline nanoparticles of Y 0.5–x Ce 0.5 Tb x F 3 , doped with Tb 3 + ions with various concentrations (x = 0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) were synthesized via co-precipitation method. The crystal structure and chemical composition of the nanoparticles were studied using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffractometry. The obtained nanoparticles of solid solutions had an elliptical shape with a size of 10—15 nm along the long axis and good crystallinity with the structure of a CeF 3 crystal. The spectral-kinetic properties of the obtained nanoparticles, as well as the effect of the concentration of Tb 3 + activator ions on the energy transfer from Ce 3 + to Tb 3 + ions were investigated. Energy transfer from Ce 3 + to Tb 3 + ions in nanocrystals of the Y 0.5–x Ce 0.5 Tb x F 3 solid solutions occurs mainly through the dipole-dipole interaction. The results of evaluating the efficiency of energy transfer from Ce 3 + to Tb 3 + ions show its increase with increasing the concentration of Tb 3 + ions.


Simple Summary Despite the discoveries of new therapeutic antimycotics, the development of drug resistance is still the main clinical challenge in the treatment of mycoses. Data on the presence of new phytopreparations, along with the direct fungicidal effects that interfere with the resistance of fungal pathogens located in the biofilm, are of great interest. The use of these compounds as monotherapies or in combination with known antimycotics may be an effective strategy for preventing and/or destroying Candida biofilms found on the surface of biomedical devices and in vivo. The action mechanisms of farnesol in fungi have yet to be fully understood, but they are complex and likely include several mechanisms such as growth inhibition and apoptosis promotion. Abstract Candida albicans was the first eukaryotic microorganism to exhibit quorum-sensing through the secretion of the sesquiterpene E, farnesol. This molecule is generated by dephosphorylation of farnesyl pyrophosphate in the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway in mammalian and yeast cells. Exogenous farnesol inhibits yeast-to-hyphal formation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner at the earliest stage of hyphal development. Much research has been devoted to studying the role of farnesol as an inhibitor of hyphal morphogenesis; however, little research has been published regarding the in vivo impacts of farnesol on fungal virulence and the development of Candida infection. While other studies have examined the impact of multiple doses of farnesol in addition to antimycotics, we hypothesize that C. albicans treated with a single dose of this quorum-sensing molecule could reduce fungal virulence in a quail model.