A hydrophobic surface with an antibacterial property has numerous uses, including self-cleaning, anti-sticking, anti-contamination, sports apparel, and wound healing/implant materials. The durability of the coating in an aquas media (pH 7.4) is a vital requirement for use in technical textile sectors, particularly in medical applications. In this study, we used silica sol, chitosan and hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) to create exceptionally hydrophobic surfaces with antibacterial properties on cotton fabrics. First, cotton fabric was treated with silica sol, which was produced by the hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in an alkaline environment. After that, chitosan was applied on the silica sol-treated fabric to add an antibacterial characteristic. The silica sol-chitosan-treated fabric was then given a hydrolysed HDTMS treatment to give a highly hydrophobic property. The hydrophobicity was assessed by measuring the water contact angle, while the AATCC-147 test protocol was used to assess the antibacterial property. The developed fabric exhibited a strong hydrophobic property. The fabric samples were immersed in an aquas media for 30 days to assess the coating durability by observing changes in hydrophobicity and anti-bacterial activity in terms of the zone of inhibition (ZOI). After 30 days of immersion in the aquas media, it was observed that the contact angle decreased from 151.7° to 129.5°, and the ZOI increased from 1 mm to 5 mm, which indicates an increase in anti-bacterial activity in relation to time of immersion. The wicking characteristics of coated and uncoated fabrics were also measured to determine how coating affects the wicking behaviour of fabric. EDS was performed to observe the coating stability for coated-dipped fabric samples after 30 days. SEM analysis was performed to examine the surface morphology, while FTIR was used to determine the surface functional groups after coating and changes after dipping in the aquas media. The developed hydrophobic cotton fabrics with anti-bacterial properties may help in the fabrication of natural biomaterials and other technical textile products.


Abstract: The major effects of cylindrical and row trenched cooling holes with angles of alpha=30, beta=0, alpha=40, beta=0 and alpha=50, beta=0 at BR=3.18 on the effectiveness of film cooling near the combustor end wall surface is an important subject to study in detail. In the current study, researchers used a FLUENT package 16/11 to simulate a 3-D model of a Pratt and Whitney gas turbine engine. In this research, RNG turbulence model K-ε model was used to analyze the flow behavior on the passage ways of internal cooling. In the combustor simulator, the dilution jets and cooling flow staggered in the streamwise direction and aligned in the spanwise direction as well. In comparison with the baseline case of cooling holes, the application of trenched hole near the end wall surface increased the effectiveness of film cooling up to 100% for different trench cases.


In this paper, we solve the general ergodic control problem for reflected diffusion processes and the associated quasi-variational inequalities. Our method relies on some a priori estimates for the solutions of quasi-variational inequalities where the "discount factor" (i.e., the zero order term) is set to 0.


It is argued that standard accounts of the epistemology of religious commitmentfail to be properly sensitive to certain important features of the nature of religious conviction. Once one takes these features of religious conviction seriously, then it becomes clear that we are not to conceive of the epistemology of religious conviction along completely rational lines.But the moral to extract from this is not fideism, or even a more moderate proposal (such as reformed epistemology) that casts the epistemic standing of basic religious beliefs along nonrational lines. Rather, one needs to recognise that in an important sense religious convictions are not beliefs at all, but that this is compatible with the idea that many other religious commitments are beliefs. This picture of the nature of religious commitment is shown to fit snugly with the Wittgensteinian account of hinge commitments, such that all rational belief essentially presupposes certain basic arational hinge commitments, along lines originally suggested by John Henry Newman. We are thus able to marshal a parity-style argument in defence of religious commitment. Although religious belief presupposes basic arational religious convictions, it is not on this score epistemically amiss since all belief presupposes basic arational convictions, or hinge commitments. The resulting view of the epistemology of religious commitment is a position I call quasi-fideism.


Geographic variability and genetic interactions in the contact zone between the fire‐bellied toads, Bombina bombina and B. variegata, were studied using analysis of morphological and genetic variation in sixteen samples from the Slovak Karst and Aggtelek Karst regions. Genotype frequencies at four marker loci (Ldh‐1, Mdh‐1, Adk, Hem) demonstrate the existence of a hybrid zone with highly variable population structures. While some samples appear to represent panmictic hybrid populations, other samples are very heterogeneous. Pure individuals of both species occurred together with hybrids at one site. Habitat segregation among genetically differentiated demes probably causes this heterogeneity of population structures. Increased frequencies of the allele Ldh‐1M, which is present in low proportion in B. bombina south of the contact zone, were found in some hybrid populations.


Crabapples (Malus spp.) are popular ornamental trees in the commercial and residential landscape. Over a 33-year period at the Secrest Arboretum, Wooster, OH, 287 accessions of ornamental crabapple were evaluated for their resistance to apple scab caused by the fungus Venturia inaegualis. Of these 287 accessions, 31 had no symptoms of scab for longer than a 10-year period and were identified as resistant to the disease. Of these 31 resistant accessions, 14 eventually displayed symptoms, presumably as a result of infection by one or more newly present races of the pathogen in the trial plot. Notable resistance breakdowns in accessions previously classified as resistant include the development of scab on M. x 'Prairifire', M. x 'Bob White', M. x 'Red Jewel', and M. floribunda. Corresponding to these changes of resistance is the putative development of new V. inaequalis races in North America: Race 5, possessing virulence to the Vm gene in 'Prairifire'; Race 3 that infects M. x 'Geneva' but not M. baccata 'Dolgo'; and the first identification and report of scab on a M. floribunda population that was reported as resistant even before the first 25 years of the evaluation. The detection of scab on this species suggests the presence of Race 7 in North America for the first time. Five named accessions remained free from scab for the entire 33-year trial: M. sargentii 'Sargent', M. baccata 'Jackii', M. x 'Beverly', M. x 'Silver Moon', and M. x 'White Angel' and may serve as sources of durable resistance in crabapple and commercial apple breeding in the Midwest.


There has been an awesome change in the way people communicate in the 21st century. From a density of 0.35 percent of population with smart phones in India now the projected density for 2013 end is 1.158 billion or 97% of population. To find our way we have Gps, Google maps. To keep ourselves entertained we have Youtube, to network we have Facebook, Google plus. To broadcast in small tweets we have Twitter. For gainful networking we have LinkedIn, and blogs help us express all the way. Social Media is changing the way individuals interact, feel, analyze, and behave. New relationships and group dynamics appear as more and more interaction and information flows around globally. Corporate organizations, non-governmental organizations and governmental organizations, no one can risk ignoring this proliferation of social media in our societies. Those risk the peril of losing a valuable tool to connect, gain and deliver. The explosion of social media is mind boggling and it's growing at a phenomenal pace. The way organizations, governments and non-governmental organizations can achieve the true functional utility of social media is to be researched, understood and developed. Yet there have been failures in social media campaigns leaving organization in a quandary. Hence a better understanding of social media will lead to more productive use.


Two seismic network systems,built in the 9th and 10th 5-year Plan projects respectively,are running at the same time in Yunnan Province.We determine and compare the magnitudes of the Wenchuan earthquake sequence according to the data recorded by two systems.The magnitudes determined by the two systems are basically accordant.


This report describes a dynamic gas temperature measurement system. It has frequency response to 1000 Hz, and can be used to measure temperatures in hot, high pressure, high velocity flows. A personal computer is used for collecting and processing data, which results in a much shorter wait for results than previously. The data collection process and the user interface are described in detail. The changes made in transporting the software from a mainframe to a personal computer are described in appendices, as is the overall theory of operation.


When Prime Minister Raymond Poincare offered Andre Tardieu the Ministry of the Interior in December 1928, Tardieu's friend, Henry Moysset, counseled him to refuse the invitation.' The highly political Ministry of the Interior had been the exclusive property of the Radical party since the beginning of the century and was coveted by it with jealous regard; and what Moysset had in mind for Tardieu required the party's cooperation. For Moysset discerned in Tardieu "the qualities of a statesman," the man who, "surmounting the traditional division between right and left, should build a modem France."2 Thus, he admonished, if it were Tardieu who preempted the Radicals at the Ministry of the Interior, the party would never forgive him, and Tardieu would be irreparably classified on the reactionary right. To endeavor to lead France out of the past from this kind of a right was to start from a position of weakness. Twice Tardieu turned Poincare down, but in the end the latter prevailed. That Tardieu's stay at the Ministry of the Interior made a significant difference to his credit on the left is doubtful, for he was labeled soon enough through guilt by association-the associates in this instance being his partners further to the right on Poincar6's attenuated majority of "National Union."3 When Tardieu formed his first ministry less than a year later, in


The porous fluorine doped silica (SiO2:F) films were prepared by sol-gel method. The densities of the states (DOS) of the SiO2:F films and the effect of the dose of the F dopant were studied by space charge limited current(SCLC) techniques. Distribution of defect states N(E) in the vicinity of Fermi level in SiO2:F films was determined to be about 7 x 10(15) cm(-3.)eV(-1). The dangling bounds on the surface of the porous film were the primary cause of the DOS.


According to the special mineral industry's investment environment of 12 provinces in western China,this paper chooses 53 indexes and simplifies various indexes.This paper focuses on the evaluation of mineral industry's investment environment with an objective standard,tries to use quantified indexes to reflect the investment conditions in western China.Also,the main indexes are explained in this paper.


Three saponins were isolated from leaves of Ilex chamaedryfolia. Their structures were established by spectroscopic and mass spectrometry data as the new saponin 3β-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-20( S)-19α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester, the new saponin 3β-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-3)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-20( S)-19α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester and the known saponin 3β-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-20(R )-19α-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester. Ursolic acid and α-amyrin were also isolated.


The article considers the intersectionality issue – its potential for contemporary research and its status among other theoretical propositions. The author presents in her text the history of the analyzed concept, as well as the main theoretical directions of it and also asks for its use in the future. Intersectionality is considered in the paper in relation to feminist theory, theories of multiculturalism, ethnographic research, and to legal discussions. The author also cites the main originators and researchers of intersectionality: Kimberle Crenshaw, Johanna Kantola and Nousiainen Kevat, Kathy Davis.


This paper describes the typical mechanical and metallurgical characteristics of the austeno-ferritic steels for structural applications, with particular reference to their weldability. Some examples of the uses of these materials for the construction of certain welded structures are also given. The paper also discusses the various types of aluminium alloys and their advantages and disadvantages in the construction of welded structures. General remarks regarding the welding processes commonly used are thus provided along with an overview of the welded structures built using aluminium alloys. In this paper, the mechanical and metallurgical properties of duplex stainless steel for structural purposes are presented, with particular attention to their weldability. Some typical uses of these materials for welded structures are shown in detail. This paper also deals with the use of aluminium alloys in welded structures pointing out the advantages and disadvantages. Information about suitable welding processes are also reported.


For the first time a direct determination of the atomic mass difference of 187Re and 187Os has been performed with the Penning-trap mass spectrometer SHIPTRAP applying the novel phase-imaging ion-cyclotron-resonance technique. The obtained value of 2492(30stat)(15sys) eV is in excellent agreement with the Q values determined indirectly with microcalorimetry and thus resolves a long-standing discrepancy with older proportional counter measurements. This is essential for the determination of the neutrino mass from the beta-decay of 187Re as planned in future microcalorimetric measurements. In addition, an accurate mass difference of 187Re and 187Os is also important for the assessment of 187Re for cosmochronology.


The Video Nation project is one of the BBC's recent major contributions to stimulating audience participation within mainstream media. This project (cl)aims to maintain a balanced power relationship between participants and members of the production team. Despite its transformation from a television setting to a web-based 'online community and archive' (although Video Nation partially returned to television in 2003), this project still has the ambition to give people the opportunity to represent themselves and their daily life. At the same time, it signifies the multilayered culture of 'ordinary people' and the cultural diversity within the British nation. The analysis illustrates the complex nature of audience participation in the mainstream media as, in contrast to community media, it becomes necessary to find and maintain an equal power balance between participants and media professionals in a structurally-biased institutional context. The power play that is seen at work in a highly fluid and contingent context creates the need for constant negotiation and care in order to protect the vulnerable power equilibrium between media professionals and participants. Crucial in this process is the participatory attitude of the media professionals, whose identity is no longer solely built on being a gatekeeper and producer of content, but also on gate-opening and facilitating the creation of content.


Abstract: In today`s scenario farmers are having hard time in maintaining the cow shed to clean the cow dung they have to spend more time or they have to hire workers for more money. So in this paper we suggest a mechanism which is used to collect the cow dung and also used to clean the area. We use cow dung cleaning machine which runs under the power generated by solar. By using this process automatically human power will be saved. Keywords: Animal Cleaner, Solar, Motor, Power Transmission, Torque


Universities increasingly call upon employees to educate campus community members on diversity, yet the experiences of these educators are rarely addressed. Via scholarly personal narratives, a team of diversity educators at a predominantly White research university shared their experiences facilitating diversity trainings while attempting to maintain self-care, including their processes of (a) navigating resistance through intersectional identities, (b) proving legitimacy as diversity educators, (c) experiencing burnout, and (d) validating and supporting each as other cofacilitators.


In this article, a piezoelectric polymer composite consisting of polyamide 11 (PA11) and high loading of barium titanate (BT) particles was prepared through solid-state shear milling method based on a pan-type milling equipment. The structure and performance of the prepared PA11/BT composite were investigated by using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), piezoelectric test, and mechanical measurement. Experimental results showed that high loading of BT particles were homogeneously dispersed in PA11 matrix under the strong shear force field of pan-milling. Besides, the addition of BT changed the crystallization behavior of PA11 matrix and increased its thermal stability also. The dielectric constant of the prepared PA11/BT composites dropped with increase of the frequency. However, it increased remarkably with increase of the BT volume fraction. In addition, a linear increase was found in piezoelectric strain coefficient d33 with increase of the BT volume fraction. For example, d33 could reach 1.1 pC/N and 6.6 pC/N at the BT loading of 5 and 50 vol%, respectively. The obtained composite still showed good mechanical properties even when the BT volume fraction increased to 20 vol%. POLYM. COMPOS., 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers


BACKGROUND
Some adult survivors of childhood cancers develop frailty at higher rates than expected based on their chronological age. This study examined the incidence of frailty among survivors at ten or more years after diagnosis, frailty prevalence 5 years later, and risk factors for becoming frail.

METHODS
Frailty was measured at study entry and five years later. Logistic regression tested the associations of several factors with having frailty at five years for all participants and separately by sex and by study entry frailty status. Cox models evaluated the hazard of death associated with entry frailty considering covariates.

RESULTS
Cancer survivors (range = 0-22 years at diagnosis, median = 7 years) were age 18-45 years (median = 30 years) at study entry. Frailty prevalence increased from 6.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.0%-7.5%) to 13.6% (95% CI = 11.9%-15.4%) at 5 years. Risk factors for frailty at follow-up among all survivors included chest radiation ≥20 Gy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.98, 95% CI = 1.29-3.05), cardiac (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.02-2.46) and neurological (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.69-3.92) conditions, lack of strength training (OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.14-2.66), sedentary lifestyle (OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.18-2.59), and frailty at study entry (OR = 11.12, 95% CI = 6.64-18.61). The strongest risk factor for death during follow-up was prior frailty (OR = 3.52, 95% CI = 1.95-6.32).

CONCLUSIONS
Prevalent frailty more than doubled at 5 years after study entry among adult childhood cancer survivors. Frailty at entry was the strongest risk factor for death. Because treatment exposures cannot be changed, mitigation of other risk factors for frailty, including lack of strength training and sedentary lifestyle may decrease risk of adverse health events and improve longevity in survivors.


In the process of folklore teaching,under the guidance of the teaching mode of autonomy and cooperation,university students can autonomously construct folklore knowledge the with cultural self-consciousness,discover and approve the hometown folklore,and thus produce awareness of protecting and inheriting the hometown folklore cultural heritage.This is an important way to improve university students' humanity qualities.


In the paper, we take current awareness report as a kind of special commodity. Under the big background of a knowledge economy, it has analyzed the complete process of such special commodity during pre-production, production and post-production with market economy thought. According to my work experience, a new method is formed to countermeasure on how the new job can be carried out by keeping pace with the time.


A speech presented to the Real Estate Institute of Australia Policy Conference, Canberra, 15 October 1998 by Adam Graycar, Director, Australian Institute of Criminology. Made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/


In order to meet the essential safety requirements that the max released energy of the output short circuit is less in the buck converter, the magnetic integration technique was applied to the interleaving buck converter. The interleaving can reduce the total output current ripple and magnetics can reduce the single current ripple. Taking two-interleaving magnetics Buck converter for example, the working principle of the circuit, the critical inductance, the current ripple under CCM and DCM and the output essential safety criterion were analyzed respectively. Finally, the simulation and the experiment prove the correctness of the theoretical analysis.


SCANNE R TECHNICS play an essential role in certain studies concerned with radioisotopes. Although at present radioisotopic scans are largely confined to the thyroid gland, they are finding increasing application to the brain, liver, and other organs. It is conceivable that still other scanning procedures will come to the fore as certain radioisotopes are found to localize in specific organs and viscera. When a hash-mark type record is employed in conjunction with such scanner technics, it is customary to indicate by a relatively crude diagram certain landmarks which will help locate the scan in relation to the anatomy. We have been able to improve this anatomic depiction as follows: Immediately prior to obtaining the scanogram, a radiograph of the part to be studied is obtained (usually with a grid) with a polaroid x-ray apparatus. Ordinarily this gives one an immediate papertype radiograph, which, although lacking in the minute detail obtained with a film transparency, is entirely adequate for portrayal of the skeletal parts and their relationships. The radiograph is aligned in the scanner with the patient. When the hash-mark record is obtained, the hash-marks are recorded, through carbon paper, on the back of the polaroid paper radiograph, since one cannot obtain a good hash-mark record on the glossy surface of the print. Once the hash-mark record is complete, it is a simple matter to transilluminate it on the x-ray illuminator, and anatomic relationships are immediately visualized. One must, however, exercise some care in lining up the polaroid radiograph initially with respect to certain landmarks such as the clavicle in the case of the thyroid gland. Fig. 1. Polaroid radiograph, transilluminated, showing hash-marks.


Objective To study the effectiveness and safety of methods of transurethral bipolar plasmakinetie prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia with large volume.Methods The transurethral bipolar plasmakinetic prostatectomy with Nesbit (Nesbit group,45 cases)and prying-up technique (pryhag-up group,60 cases)were performed in 105 patients of the prostatic volume of more than 60 g.The results could be obtained by comparing operative time,intraoperative and postoperative blood loss and the time of postoperative sustained washing of the bladder between the two groups.Results In Nesbit group,the efficiency of average cutting gland was (0.79±0.17)g/min,the average intraoperative blood loss was (3.87± 1.09)ml/g,the decrease in postoperative Hb within 24 hours was (6.84±3.96)g/L,the average time of postoperative continuous washing of the bladder was 72 hours,8 patients were given by blood transfusion.In prying-up group,the corresponding data were(1.16±0.20) g/min,(1.60±0.64)ml/g,(3.87±2.33 )g/L,36 hours respectively,none of patients was given by blood transfusion.There were statistically significant in two groups(P<0.05).Conclusions The adoption of prying-up is more favorable compared with Nesbit method in the aspects such as less blood loss,shorter operating time,less lotion,more thorough resection of the gland,higher security.It is conducive to delivering lecture,and it enables the standard operational procedure available.

Key words:
Prostatic hyperplasia; Transurethral resection of prostate; Nesbit technique; Prying-up technique


Utilizing neural network models in process control has increased over the past few years. Neural network models have been used with success for off-line analysis, online control, inferred instrumentation, simulation, cost analysis, etc. In most cases, the success or lack thereof is dependent upon the process used to gather data, create the model, analyze results, and install the model online. This paper describes a neural network application project done by a company and the neural network modeling process (NNMP) that enhanced the success of their project. The company overview and dilemma, solution, neural network overview, NNMP, results, online installation and conclusion, are presented.


A comprehensive study of faculty development in community colleges was undertaken to identify the organizational components that nurture good teaching. A review of the literature revealed several variables for assessing the state of faculty development. The most important of these appears to be an institutional climate that encourages faculty development. This article reports the results of a survey of 130 community colleges regarding faculty development efforts. It also profiles those accountable for faculty development and summarizes the extent to which each development activity is available to faculty members. One significant finding is that faculty development in American community colleges lacks leadership and is not well connected to the colleges missions.


OF THE DISCLOSURE A process for removing the noxious components from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines by con tacting the gases with a metal catalyst upon a zeolitic base wherein a substantial portion of the metal is present as metal oxide. The balance of the metal is contained in the zeolite structure as metal ions. This application is a continuation-in-part of application 296,105 filed July 18, 1963, and now abandoned. This in vention relates to a new catalyst composition and method for its preparation. In one particular embodiment, it re lates to an oxidation catalyst having unusual selectivity and activity characteristics for the conversion of noxious components of the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines to innocuous entities. There has been a substantial amount of publicity in recent years on the problem of air pollution. One of the principal causes of air pollution is exhaust from internal combustion engines both automobiles and buses, trucks, etc. that use diesel powered engines. All conceivable ap proaches have been investigated in order to find some method for reducing the undesirable contaminants from these exhaust gases and to lessen the air pollution. It is recognized that the most suitable method for re ducing pollution would be to oxidize the air contaminants before they leave the automobile to harmless carbon di oxide. Up to the present time, an extremely efficient cata lyst for this purpose which has the necessary activity as well as the desired stability under operating conditions has not been found. We have found that a catalyst which has unusual selec tivity and activity for oxidation of the hydrocarbons, car bon monoxide and other harmful components of auto ex haust can be prepared using a copper catalyst on a crystal line alumino-silicate base, wherein the copper is present as both the exchanged cupric ion and copper oxide. This catalyst is suitable either alone or as a promoter in other catalytic combinations. Our new catalyst is prepared using a crystalline Zeolite as the basic building block. Zeolites are crystalline metal aluminosilicates with a three-dimensional structure of silica and alumina tetrahedra. The charge of the anionic alumino-silicate network of the zeolite is most often balanced by non-active cations such as H, NH4, Sub stituted ammonium, alkali, or alkaline earth metal cations. By both cation exchange treating these Zeolites with catalytically active metal ions and also depositing a por tion of the metal ions as the oxide in the internal adsorp tion area, we are able to produce a very active and selec tive oxidation catalyst. Further by varying the amount of metal ion and the relative equivalent ratio of exchanged metal ion to deposited metal oxides, we are able to vary the activity and selectivity of the catalyst to meet the demands of the particular exhaust gas composition to be oxidized. Both natural and synthetic zeolites are suitable for our product. Suitable examples of natural zeolites include faujasite, erionite, chabazite and mordenite. Synthetic zeo 0


An apparatus includes: a first operating system configured to execute a first function; a second operating system configured to execute a second function; and a display controller configured to select one of first image information and second image information, the first image information being based on execution of the first function, the second image information being based on execution of the second function, or to superimpose one of the first image information and the second image information on the other information, and to display one of the selected information and the superimposed information on a display unit. The display controller is configured to display one menu when one of the first operating system and the second operating system is running, one of first icon and second icon being selectable from the menu, the first icon indicating start of the first function, the second icon indicating start of the second function.


Abstract:"slow singing & flower bringing" uses misnomers and myth in tandem with the metaphor of ravens as narrative vehicles to explore the death of innocence, childhood trauma, and the creation of power dynamics as both coping mechanism and means for survival.


Three health systems — Wellmont Health System of Tennessee, Adventist Health System of Florida, and Novant Health of North Carolina — announced in May that they are aiming to do something that the U.S. health care community has yet to do: define what it means to be a safe hospital.

Various


As for sport climbing, also for outdoor activities such as rafting and canyoning, a strong connection with geofeatures on a long and short time scale exists. For investigating this, three river segments were selected in the Sesia hydrographic basin (Sesia Val Grande UNESCO Global Geopark, Northwest Italy). Here, commercial rafting and canyoning activities are popular, and important geological features are present (Sesia Supervolcano, Insubric Line). The segments were investigated using partly IDRAIM (system for stream hydromorphological assessment, analysis, and monitoring). Bedrock features, confinement, sinuosity, bankfull bottom, morphological units, and steepness were characterized. The segments were hence divided in several reaches. Correlations on the long time scale were found mainly between the geology and bankfull bottom configuration, while sinuosity allowed us to highlight the possible structural control on the genesis of gorges. Moreover, the analysis of changes in a short time scale along the river segments after the extreme meteorological event occurred on 2–3 October 2020, highlighted a rapids difficulty variation, channels diversion, and woody–rocky debris accumulation in the bankfull, deeply influencing river activities. Through the proposed approach, new frontiers in the outreach of geosciences could be opened, especially in virtue of the several Sustainable Development Goals that could be achieved through river outdoor activities, among the others new employment opportunities for local operators.


A transcoder (22) receives plural kinds of streams, in which image contents are encoded, and decoded information, and once decodes each of the image contents using the plural kinds of streams and decoded information. The transcoder (22) reduces or enlarges the screen size of each of the decoded images to synthesize the images into a single image, performs re-encoding of the synthesized image so as to output the re-encoded streams and the decoded information to a transmitting unit (23). The transmitting unit (23) receives the decoded information and the encoded streams after the conversion from the transcoder (22) and outputs them to a terminal (3) through a transmission path (102).


In response to the phenomenon that some container terminals are excess capacity and some others are overloaded because of the imbalance of transportation development, this paper proposed a 3D simulation model of operation system for the container terminal apron. First, we study the characteristics of operation system for container terminal apron. Second, a 3D simulation model of terminal apron operation is implemented, which includes sub-model of layout, submodel of setting variables and parameters, sub-model of ship arriving, sub-model of loading and discharging operation, and sub-model of horizontal transport and yard operation, as well as sub-model of 3D animation. Finally, the implemented model is applied in practice to examine the impact of the time of single operation of the quay crane, the number of trucks allocated for each working path and the number of yard cranes equipped for each block on the operation efficiency of terminal apron. And the results show the proposed simulation model performs well that can provide experience and reference for exploring terminal apron effectively.


Biological information is given for the following four species of Oxycerini (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) occurring in madicolous habitats of eastern North America: Euparyphus stigmaticalis Loew, Euparyphus brevicornis Loew, Caloparyphus greylockensis (Johnson), and Caloparyphus tetraspilus (Loew). Descriptions of immature and adult stages are included for each species, and a key to the immature stages is given.


Using monthly surveys, the author examines the impact of aggregate economic conditions on the dynamic of support for the Polish program of economic reforms, the Balcerowicz Plan. To highlight the ambiguity of the standard retrospective model, the author analyzes the impact of subjective perceptions of economic conditions on postures toward the reform program, asking if people were extrapolating the past when forming predictions about the future. Then the effect of these predictions on the postures toward reform is studied. Finally, the author focuses on the distributional effects. Substantive conclusions concerning the impact of economic conditions on the support of economic reform programs under democracy close the article.


Partial shading is an unavoidable severe problem experienced by a photovoltaic system. The P‐V characteristics are highly non‐linear and exhibit multiple peaks under partial shading conditions (PSC). The conventional MPPT techniques are unable to track global maximum power point (GMPP) under PSC. Various bio‐inspired optimization methods employed for MPPT were presented in the literature. The operation of each algorithm differs from one another when tracking the GMPP. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid of adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) and Nelder Mead (NM) in searching for the global maximum power point. In this hybrid method, the unnecessary movement of APSO particles is minimized, leading to rapid convergence without the local trapping of the NM process. Thus, the proposed algorithm can balance both explorations by APSO and exploitation by NM. Extensive simulations are performed using Matlab/Simulink, which shows that this method successfully tracks global power under various shading patterns. The proposed method is compared with existing advanced optimization algorithms. Further validation is done via experimental analysis, and it confirms that the proposed method performs better in tracking maximum global power, less steady‐state oscillations, and fast‐tracking speed. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method in tracking GMPP with an average efficiency of 99.32% and an average tracking time of 0.513 s.


I. Introduction Since the publication of Mr. Allport's classical paper on the devitrefied pitchstones of Shropshire, in which he drew some very cautions deductions from the presence of perlitic and other structures in rocks of felsitic character, it has been customary to regard perlitic cracks as an indication that the material in which they occur has once been in a glassy condition. In 1893 I came across a specimen (I 860), forming part of the old rock-collection of the Irish Geological Survey, which raised grave doubts as to the safety of this wide generalization. it was obtained from Sandy Braes, in Antrim, and was a specimen of the 'pearlstone' of Portlock. When cut it exhibited admirable perlitic structure, not only in the glassy matrix of the rock, but also in the abundant porphyritic quartz-crystals which it contained. Later on I found specimens, collected by Mr. Rhodes, in the English Survey Collection (I 926, 927), which exhibited the sam characters, and one of them (I 927) was so well preserved as to allow a thin slide to be made from it. It is this slide from which the most satisfactory of the figures illustrating this paper have been taken. The specimens were obtained from the quarries at Sandy Braes, 1½ mile N.ER. of Tardree Mountain, in the northern part of the great rhyolite mass which is shown on Sheet 28 of the Geological Survey map of Ireland. I have reason to believe that the description of the petrological characters and field


ABSTRACT
 Several restored oyster (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin) reefs in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, have experienced recent population crashes, potentially caused in part by clionid boring sponge infestation of the marl rock (a calcium carbonatemud composite material) commonly used as a reef substrate and of the shells of oysters that colonize the marl reef foundation. The composition and porosity of marl may make it vulnerable to infestation by carbonate bioeroders, particularly clionid sponges. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of carbonate (CaCO3; oyster shell, marl) versus noncarbonate (non-CaCO3; granite, concrete) reef-building substrates on C. virginica demographic rates, including oyster density and oyster growth, on experimental reefs constructed along the salinity gradients of two estuaries in coastal North Carolina. There were no differences in oyster density among substrate types through the first 6 mo of reef sampling, although at 12 mo after reef construction, differences in density among substrates had emerged. Sites in high-salinity areas had much greater oyster recruitment than up-estuary, lower salinity locations. Early-life growth (<6 mo) of oysters was assessed for recruits to experimental reefs, with few differences seen in oyster mean valve length or growth rate on different substrate types. These results support consideration of non-CaCO3 materials, particularly concrete, for future oyster reef restoration, especially in high-salinity areas where the boring sponge Cliona is abundant, because both oyster density and growth were similar on oyster shell and concrete substrates as long as 1 y after reef construction.


Sleep and Sleep Disorders: From Molecule to Behavior presents the published papers from the Ninth Takeda Science Foundation Symposium on Bioscience, which was held December 4-7, 1996 in Kyoto, Japan. From the molecular to behavioral level, the 26 chapters deal with the most important aspects of a wide scope of basic and clinical research on sleep. The best authors for each topic have reviewed the up-to-date achievements in their respective specialty, providing both specialists and non-specialists alike with cutting-edge information on sleep science and sleep medicine.


Living near facilities for physical activity, such as gyms or swimming pools, is strongly associated with having a lower body mass index (BMI), a lower percentage of body fat, and a smaller waist circumference in middle age, a UK study has shown.1

The analysis of observational data from UK Biobank also showed adiposity was associated, although less strongly, with living near fast food outlets.

"The results of our study suggest that increasing access to local physical activity facilities and, possibly, reducing access to fast food …


Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia is a rare disease and poses great challenge to both orthopedic and reconstructive surgeons. Patients have to go through many procedures to get satisfactory results. Some of them end up with amputation of the affected leg unfortunately. Free vascularized fibular osteoseptocutaneous flaps were used to treat 3 patients with congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia who had received several failed conventional methods before. All patients gained solid bone union, continuous bony growth, and acceptable leg-length discrepancy. There was minimal donor site morbidity.


When the Iron spirals investigated in this paper saw the light again no one looked at them as nothing more than decoration. It was first during the 2011 excavation in Old Uppsala that the symbolism ...


Disclosed is a switching equipment comprising especially relays and/or switch contactors with a magnetic system, the armature and the yoke, a winding and a winding support as well as a control and/or driving system, where the real value of the switch-drive parameters is determined using sensors. The control and/or driving system and the sensors are located inside the winding support and/or thereon.


1. The historical emergence of arbitration as a dispute Mechanism and its characteristics 2. National Courts in International commercial arbitration 3. The role of courts in commercial-maritime arbitration in us law 4. The Role of Courts in Commercial-Maritime arbitration in English Law 5. The role of courts in commercial -maritime arbitration in Greek Law 6. The Role of courts in Commercial-Maritime arbitration in Belgian law 7. Comparative analysis of the role of courts in US, English, Belgian and Greek law 8. Arbitration co-equal and fully alternative to courts


The increased incidence of high-frequency components (notching) in electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings previously has been related to coronary artery disease, primary myocardial disease, and biventricular enlargement.This study included 130 subjects on whom autopsy permission was obtained, who had one or more sets of high-frequency, orthogonal ECG (XYZ) leads and direct-writing standard ECG leads recorded ante mortem. In each instance careful dissection of the heart was performed by two or more of the authors according to fixed protocol.Correlations were made between the site of infarction and the occurrence of notching in specific high-frequency ECG leads. Postero-inferior infarctions tended to express themselves with a predominance of increased notching in the Y lead, while anterior infarction manifested dominantly in the X lead. This was true in intramural as well as transmural lesions.The greatest value of notch recognition in diagnosing and localizing infarction appeared to be in subjects with normal sized hearts, with none of the classic ECG criteria for infarction, but who ultimately proved to have intramural scarring. In these subjects the increased incidence of notching clearly could not be attributed to biventricular enlargement, nor could the ECG diagnosis of infarction be arrived at by conventional criteria.


Abstract While often praised for her generally strong female and positive self-imagery, Gertrude the Great of Helfta consistently lapses into body and self-pejorative language, especially in her Spiritual Exercises. This article investigates these consistent (albeit infrequent) pejorative images. Because they are found almost exclusively within the Exercises, and not throughout Gertrude's corpus, the article argues that they should be interpreted with a view to the special demands of the context in which they occur — that is, the genre of medieval monastic meditation. The article demonstrates that Gertrude uses the pejorative language in the context of a tension she builds between now/then or already and not yet, with the rhetorical function to set into greater relief moments of Eucharistic reconciliation and continuity between now/then that correlate with her affirmative images. The article concludes with two important implications for Gertrudian studies.


To alleviate the cold-start problem and data sparsity in web service recommendation and meet the personalized needs of users, this paper proposes a personalized web service recommendation method based on a hybrid social network and multi-objective immune optimization. The network adds the element of the service provider, which can provide more real information and help alleviate the cold-start problem. Then, according to the proposed service recommendation framework, multi-objective immune optimization is used to fuse multiple attributes and provide personalized web services for users without adjusting any weight coefficients. Experiments were conducted on real data sets, and the results show that the proposed method has high accuracy and a low recall rate, which is helpful to improving personalized recommendation.


In this paper we consider a model of spreading information in heterogeneous systems wherein we have two kinds of objects. Some of them are active and others are passive. Active objects can, if they possess information, share it with an encountered passive object. We focus on a particular case such that active objects communicate independently with randomly chosen passive objects. Such model is motivated by two real-life scenarios. The first one is a very dynamic system of mobile devices distributing information among stationary devices. The second is an architecture wherein clients communicate with several servers and can leave some information learnt from other servers. The main question we investigate is how many rounds is needed to deliver the information to all objects under the assumption that at the beginning exactly one object has the information?
In this paper we provide mathematical models of such process and show rigid and very precise mathematical analysis for some special cases important from practical point of view. Some mathematical results are quite surprising -- we find relation of investigated process to both coupon collector's problem as well as the birthday paradox. Additionally, we present simulations for showing behaviour for general parameters


We study the existence of global α -Holder mild solutions and S -classical solutions for a class of abstract neutral functional differential equations defined on whole the real axis. Some concrete applications to ordinary and partial differential equations are considered. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 35R10, 34K40, 34K30.


As invasive grasses encroach upon native ecosystems, they have the potential to transform intact California coastal sage scrub (CSS) into non-native grasslands. This occurs—in part—due to legacy effects: changes in soil microbial composition elicited by grass invasions with long-term impacts on soil and native vegetation. Along with direct effects on CSS vegetation, legacy effects may alter microbial communities which may in turn impact native plant growth. To tease apart these factors, we monitored growth in three CSS species inoculated with either uninvaded soil or sterilized uninvaded soil that were subsequently planted into a site characterized by observed microbial legacy effects. Our findings indicate native plant growth can be explained by changes in soil microorganisms. Specifically, native Artemisia californica and Baccharis pilularis grew larger in plots with unsterilized uninvaded soil inoculum, which contained a larger abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Glomus, compared to the sterilized soil inoculum plots. Therefore, microbial augmentation may not only improve restoration in post-invasive sites but long-term changes in soil microbial communities may be linked to native plant growth. Furthermore, adding uninvaded soil replete with native microbes has the potential to support restoration of invaded sites by promoting native plant survival and establishment in these restored ecosystems.


Abstract In the present work we have estimated the effect of acute heat stress (1 hour to 41±0,5°C) and the different period of recovery at room temperature after the heat stress (0, 30 minutes, 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 hours) over the hepatic carbohydrate-related enzymes and substrates of rats. The obtained results can be summarized in three phases: up to 6th hour, from 6th to 24th hour and form 24th up to 96th hour of recovery after the heat stress. Acute heat stress (up to 1hour of recovery) caused intensive glycogenolysis, associated with moderate, but non-significant endogenous production of glucose. The period of 6th to 24th hour of recovery after exposure to acute heat stress, is characterized with intensive rebound of glycogen stores, with decreased glucose production, and finally, from the 48th up to 96th hour of recovery, process of glycogenolysis is still evident, even though less intensive than the first hours after the heat stress. Overall, we can conclude that acute heat stress and the period of recovery after the heat stress are followed with dynamic changes of the liver carbohydrate-relates enzymes and substrates in a course of elevated glycogenolysis, but decreased glycolysis and gluconeogenesis


This paper analyzes Japanese language classes at Dalarna University in Sweden that are held through a web conferencing system. It discusses how students' learning and language acquisition can be su ...


In this study, we discussed with the protocol of SIP of VoIP. At first, using NS2 simulation software to analysis, then we researched those entities. Because of the impact of VoIP Quality of Service (QoS) as a major factor is the rate of packet loss. And of the human beings, the discontinuous voice caused by a small amount of packet loss can be tolerated. By using actual VoIP equipment, we observing and measuring the rate of packet loss at the crowded network environment.


A conventional belled caisson foundation installation in glacial till to support a suburban Chicago 10-story office building was stopped when test caissons revealed excessive water-bearing sand strata in the anticipated beling zone. Design values were determined by in-situ pressuremeter testing and by a full-scale load test of a drilled shaft. Instrumentation consisting of two pressure cells beneath the upper shaft and Carlson strain gauges at several levels along the lower shaft was installed in a production shaft to monitor the manner in which the load was transmitted to the ground. Data is presented and compared with the design assumptions.


Milgram's experiments were born out of a desire to understand the Nazis' persecution of Jews during the Holocaust. This article argues that the study of Jewish resistance against that persecution also furthers our understanding of Milgram's experiments. Case data from the Nazi-created ghettos of Warsaw, Vilna, and Łodź—settings in which Jews reached very different decisions with regard to resistance—illustrate that decisions about resistance reflect obedience and disobedience to multiple authorities, including agents of the Nazi regime as well as moral and religious dictates. Whereas Milgram himself recognized the role of multiple authorities, these cases also point to the role of uncertainty, which is relevant to yet not discussed explicitly in Milgram's experiments. A recognition of uncertainty and multiple authorities provides a more nuanced understanding of obedience and shows that, contrary to common assumptions about both Milgram's experiments and the Holocaust, neither resistance nor obedience is "ordinary" or straightforward.


A potato tuber disk assay of culture broths which had been confirmed to show neither antibacterial nor phytotoxic activity resulted in the discovery of a novel type of crown gall formation inhibitors, julimycin B-II and julichrome Q1.3 These two bisanthraquinones, products of Streptomyces sp. TM-71, inhibited crown gall formation on potato tuber disks at a minimum inhibitory dose of 1.6 μg/disk without affecting the growth of Agrobacterium tumefaciens or the germination of alfalfa seeds.


The problem of process planning is mapped into a path searching problem in a state space. Then an ant system based approach is adopted to optimize the process concerning workshop resource. Instead of using local pheromone, the adopted method uses global distance to guide the ants. A state is encoded by the currently selected machine and tool, the set-up direction, the finish level of machining, etc. The path evaluation function may be defined flexibly to reflect the conditions of real workshop. A prototype system is developed to prove the efficiency of the approach.


In this thesis we study different aspects of the ultrafast dynamics of atoms and molecules triggered by intense and short infrared laser pulses. Highly non-linear processes like tunnel ionization, high order harmonic generation and above threshold ionization are investigated. Two different and complementary approaches are used. On the one hand we construct approximate analytical models to get physical insight on these processes. On the other hand, these models are supported by the results of accurate numerical simulations that explicitly solve the time dependent Schrodinger equation for simple benchmark models in reduced dimensions. A numerical method based on time dependent configuration interaction is investigated to describe larger and more more complex systems with several electrons


Abstract -- Social science is one of the subjects that exist in education world, which in there, there is a topic about map. But, many children now that dislike about the studying model system because of something such as lazy and uninterested on the studying method. That things can be solved by any studying applications such as android based and mobile application based, which chidren are very like the interactive studying method that will be packed in a application or game, so it can be wished children can studying when they play. This application will be built by Adobe Flash Pro CS 6, Action Script 3.0 and Adobe AIR. The application that we make, can give any questions to children such as where the position of 34 Indonesia'a provinces are that will be asked with animation added if their answer is true or false, which this application is made with only 34 Indonesia's province area, so children can easier to understand and know the provinces in Indonesia area. Keyword— Adobe AIR, Adobe Flash Pro CS6, Android, Action Script 3.0, Application Guess Correctly map of 34 Province in Indonesia


A formal belief semantics for authorization logics is given. The belief semantics is proved to subsume a standard Kripke semantics. The belief semantics yields a direct representation of principals' beliefs, without resorting to the technical machinery used in Kripke semantics. A proof system is given for the logic; that system is proved sound with respect to the belief and Kripke semantics. The soundness proofs are mechanized in Coq.


AC-Impedance Spectroscopic (IS) measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz ≤ f ≤ 50 kHz for some reactive systems such as diphenylanthracene (DPA), ferrocene and anthraquinone are investigated. The experiments are carried out in pure and dry dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), acetonitrile (CH3CN) and N,N- dimethylformamide (DMF) containing tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) as supporting electrolyte. The IS diagrams of these systems are characterized in the complex plane by either straight lines passing through the origon or a high frequency capacitive and in most cases, a low-frequency Warburg behavior. The IS parameters are calculated and discussed.


Polysaccharides from plants contain some pigments which seriously restrict the isolation,purification ,structural analysis and other scientific research of polysaccharides. Some methods such as activated carbon ,peroxide,resin,polyamide,alumina column chromatography,static mixer are used to decolorize. The reaction principle,advantages and disadvantages,as well as the prospect of decolorization are expounded in detail in this article.


Human beings, endowed with a greater evolutionary degree than the rest of living beings,
form the only species on the planet with the capacity to analyze, reflect, evaluate the effect and
the repercussions that their actions cause on the ecosystems in which they exercise a certain
Pressure. Due to the large number of environmental problems that have caused these
actions, the need to carry out previous studies on the effects on the
environment that can cause, in addition to taking into account that a performance is
technically possible, economically profitable and socially positive.


In the nineteenth century, natural law bore a curious relationship to slavery. The call for abolition was almost universally accompanied by an appeal to nature; so too was the defense of slavery. "[T]he very notion of the law of nature," Eric Sundquist maintains, was "riddled with assumptions that could as easily authorize racism as contravene it" (178). If the use of natural law as an antislavery instrument was limited by the ease with which it could serve conservative ends as well as radical ones, moreover, it was even further limited by nature's general irrelevance to the institutions on which its influence was being brought to bear. David Brion Davis has noted that while nineteenth-century antislavery movements were "absolutely dependent upon" the notion "of an immutable, higher law," the higher law on which they depended "tended to be so transcendent that it had little bearing on existing institutions" (405). On the one hand, natural law replicates what Sundquist calls "the law of power" (179); on the other hand, it operates without much bearing on the existing institutions. What, then, was the source of its appeal? And in what way could the antislavery activist escape the disabling tendencies built into his most powerful weapon? These questions hover around natural law's antislavery arguments throughout the nineteenth century, but they acquired a particular bite in the 1850s, as Garrisonian forms of natural law abolition were gradually giving way to Republican forms of constitutional antislavery. Now that natural law has lost much of its moral and political appeal, it has been easy for recent students of American antislavery politics and literature, like Sundquist and Davis, to pose the questions as a form of critique: why would anyone organize an antislavery movement around such compromised principles? But we can pose the questions to the antislavery thinker from the 1850s in an inquisitive spirit as well as directing them at him in a critical spirit. Some antebellum antislavery


These greenhouse and field trials were conducted at the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria to determine the influence of Cd on the growth, dry matter yield and nutrient uptake by fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis). Four levels of Cd(NO 3 ) 2 treatments namely 0, 50, 100, 200 mg per 5 kg soil equivalent to 0, 20, 40, 80 kgha -1 were used in the greenhouse and field trials respectively. The completely randomized design was used in the greenhouse while the field trial was organized in randomized complete block experimental design. Results revealed that increased application of Cd decreased the height, number of leaves, leaf area, stem girth and dry matter yield of the plant. The nutrients content and uptake also decreased with the increase in the supply of the Cd. Higher Cd concentrations and uptake were recorded in the root of the treated plants when compared to the control treatments. The nutrients and oxides components of the soil decreased at various levels of the Cd application. These decrease in soil nutrient components were however not consistent whereas the Cd content of the soil increased with increased Cd treatments.


The causes and possible solutions of solid particles erosion of the steam path components to reducing it substantially are presented. Applying numerical CFD simulations excessive solid particle erosion damage of the blades tenons, wheel filets, rotor labyrinth seals and main stop valves were studied and steam/solid particles flow conditions which play a main role in the erosion process determined. Afterwards, the flow was simulated introducing specific changes to the geometry of components in order to modify the flow pattern favourably. In each case analyzed, the results confirmed that is possible to reduce the erosion process significantly due to reduction of the volumetric flow rate and velocity of vapour (case of blade tenons), velocity reduction and to modify the angle of particle flow incidence on the surface by increasing the distance from the labyrinth seal to the rotor wheel (case of wheel filets) and flow velocity reduction due to incorporating a steam flow deflector to the diaphragm, which changing flow direction in the inlet zone to the rotor labyrinth seal channel (case of rotor labyrinth seal). In the case of the main steam valve, introducing profile off-set on the valve spherical surface, the steam/particle flow was separated from the valve critical zone, changing the particles trajectories and angle of impact on the surface, resulting in erosion rate reduction. Also, a passive methods of combating solid particle erosion of tenons in the form of weld deposits around them as a protective barrier and wheel filets, rotor labyrinth seals and blades and shrouds coating are presented. All analyzed design modifications and other improvements were implemented and its performance monitored.© 2002 ASME


The reactive power sharing cannot be achieved using many existing microgrid (MG) control methods, and the convergence speed of these methods is slow. To solve these problems, a finite-time distributed control approach is proposed in this paper, which is based on the hierarchical control structure. The hierarchical control structure consists of dual loop control, droop control used as primary control and secondary control. Firstly, the secondary controller is modeled, and the MG system composed of distributed generators (DGs) is considered as a multi-agent system. The secondary controller consists of frequency regulator, voltage regulator and power regulator. Secondly, the adaptive virtual impedance module is established, taking the output of the reactive power regulator as its input. Thirdly, the dual loop controller is combined with primary controller and secondary controller to generate PWM signal to control the power and voltage of MG. In order to reduce the fluctuation of MG, damping module is introduced when the structure of the system changes. Finally, the stability of the proposed control strategy is proved by the related theorems. A simulation system is established in Matlab environment, and the simulation results show that the proposed method is effective.


We prove two theorems on the locally finite decompositions of the cones of divisors by the cones which correspond to canonical and minimal models. We introduce the concept of the numerical linear systems in order to simplify the argument on the Zariski decompositions.


The purpose of this study is to explore, describe and understand different strategies used by Multinational Enterprises in highly qualified professions – when recruiting permanent labor and hiring ...


We have found in the neutron-deuteron scattering a correlation of K cot /sup 2/delta/sub 0/ with the doublet scattering length (/sup 2/a) which is roughly linear for energies above the threshold. We predict the value of K cot /sup 2/delta/sub 0/ for the accepted experimental /sup 2/a value at the energies of 5.6 and 9.4 MeV. Our calculations reproduce the /sup 2/delta/sub 0/ p-d experimental data of Arvieux, but are in disagreement with the experimental n-d /sup 2/delta/sub 0/ data of Van Oers and Seagrave.


The article, consisting of two parts, studies historical and economic aspects, physical infrastructure and technological basis of emergence, formation, and evolutionary development of inland transport infrastructure. In contrast to water and air transport, land transport, due to its linkage to a certain territory, developed in a very restrained and nonlinear manner. Its infrastructure, represented by the simplest paths and roads, of course, played a certain economic role, but until 18th–19th centuries was not considered as the basis for regular advance and exchange of goods. In different parts of the world, the infrastructure of land transport developed differently which was largely due to the prevailing socio-economic institutions. For many centuries, the technical condition of the inland transport infrastructure and its economic importance have not undergone any significant changes. Therefore, the end of the medieval era and a significant breakthrough in development of land transport are interdependent processes. The emergence of an era of economic growth, including development of international trade and an increase in social welfare, would not have been possible without a wellfunctioning land transport system. Nevertheless, land transport until the beginning of 19th century was not associated with a reliable, fast, and regular medium of exchange and travel. Only with the advent of railways the situation changed radically. Paved roads were also developing. From this moment land transport and its infrastructure has become the basis of the dynamic economic activity of society.


KJava is a unified platform of mobile terminal operation and development,to provide more and more mobile application support.This paper introduces system structure and function advantage,and its application development steps,and also briefly analyses the application fields and corresponding solutions.


Hearing loss and balance issues contributing to falls are common problems for persons with diabetes (PWD). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), hearing loss and risk of falls are under recognized in diabetes care. Audiology should play an important role in the care of PWD, but currently many PWD are not medically monitored and managed for hearing loss and risk of falls. Proper care will require a change in audiological practice and in educational programs preparing students for careers in audiology. To this end, The Audiology Project (TAP) has focused its efforts on creating awareness of the need for audiological care in the management of PWD. TAP is an integrated audiology initiative that seeks to promote early diagnosis, treatment, and management of hearing and balance disorders associated with diabetes, thereby improving quality of life for PWD. Additionally, TAP seeks to provide educational programs to universities, government entities, and continuing education for practitioners regarding diabetes as a chronic disease and the needed audiological management of resulting hearing and balance issues.


CEBAF's (Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility) CLAS (CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer) drift chambers are monitored by the WCTS, which runs CODA (CEBAF Online Data Acquisition) on a Linux operating system. CODA is the data acquisition program for CLAS. The WCTS collects Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) and Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) data from 96 wires. This project analyzes TDC and ADC data taken by the WCTS, extracts the signal, and determines the mean charge and sigma. Every ADC histogram contains pedestal and noise data. To determine the mean charge and sigma, a program was written using ROOT to fit a Gaussian curve to the pedestal, an exponential function to the noise, and to subtract both these from the histogram. The remaining data are fitted both with a Gaussian and a Landau function. The mean and sigma are determined. Over time, changes in the mean or sigma or both indicate wire-ageing effects or electronic malfunctions or both.


Both PtCl4 (Rh-123)2 and PtCl4 (Nile Blue)2 interact positively in trimodality therapy including each drug, x-ray, and light (400 - 800 nm) in killing human mammary carcinoma cells (MCF-7) in vitro. The combination treatment results in more than additive killing as assessed by product of the surviving fractions and a significant reduction of the shoulder of the x-ray survival curve. Both of the drugs participate in photodynamic therapy (PDT) in drug and light dose dependent manner. The primary subcellular targets for the neutral platinum complexes were indicated to be the nuclear DNA as opposed to the mitochondria for Rh-123 or the lysosomes for Nile Blue. Because the nuclear DNA is also the primary target for ionizing radiation, drug plus light plus x-ray might cause supraadditive killing. Both PtCl4 (Rh-123)2 and PtCl4 (Nile Blue)2 have been reported to be relatively non-toxic in vivo compared to the anionic or cationic compounds currently being used in photodynamic therapy. Based on these results PtCl4 (Rh-123)2 and PtCl4 (Nile Blue)2 have the potential for use in photodynamic therapy and in trimodality therapy.


English education has been developing vigorously in Taiwan for many decades. In the Educational Reform Action Program, English officially became the required curriculum at the elementary level. Currently, many parents believe that children who possess English abilities have a better chance of succeeding in their future career. Promoting children's biliteracy in the English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) context is the purpose of this project. It integrates several learning approaches: child-centered learning, mediated learning, socially situated learning, and task-based learning. When children are immersed in a biliterate environment, they have motivation to learn overly because the content of learning can meet their needs. Teachers are not overly directive; conversely, they provide effective assistance when children's learning occurs in the zone of proximal development (ZPD). Utilizing cultural content and task-based instruction can enhance children's biliteracy. Finally, they become independent learners who enjoy being immersed in a biliterate environment.


Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate wear resistance of acetal resin material versus heat-cured acrylic resin denture base material. Materials and Methods: Fourteen specimens were fabricated with dimensions (15 mm in diameter × 2 mm thickness) according to ISO standard number 14569/2, then divided into two groups (seven specimens for each). Group I contained seven specimens of heat-cured acrylic resin denture base material, while Group II contained seven specimens of acetal resin denture base material. The cycling test for each group was carried out using the chewing simulator. Results: For Group I, the weight mean value before wear was (0.155833 ± 0.008 g) while after wear simulation, the mean value was (0.154983 ± 0.008 g) with weight change mean value (0.00085 ± 0.0002 g). For Group II, the weight mean value before wear was (0.145658 ± 0.005 g) while after wear simulation, the weight mean value was (0.14495 ± 0.0058 g) with weight change mean value (0.000708 ± 0.0002 g). The difference between weight changes recorded for groups was statistically non-significant (P = 0.0861 > 0.05). Conclusions: As there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding wear resistance, the acetal resin can be used as alternative material to conventional heat-cured acrylic resin denture base material.


The performance of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes over the binary erasure channel for a low erasure probability is limited by small stopping sets. The frame error rate over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel for a high signal-to-noise ratio is limited by small trapping sets and by the minimum distance of the LDPC code, which is equal to the codeword with the minimal Hamming weight. In this paper, we present a simple and fast algorithm based on the error impulse method to find small stopping sets in the Tanner graphs of LDPC codes. Since a codeword with small Hamming weight can be represented by a special stopping set, the algorithm can also be used to find the minimum distance of LDPC codes. Furthermore, we use the size of the small stopping sets and the minimum distance of the code to calculate asymptotic performance bounds for LDPC codes transmitted over the binary erasure and the AWGN channel, respectively and compare the bounds with simulations.


A circularly polarized antenna is proposed in this paper for a Radio frequency identification tag to be used in the underground localization system. The tag supports wideband performance around 915 MHz and the fully covered metal ground makes the tag less affected by the medium it will be attached to. An extended metal plate is also discussed to improve the tag read range and to make it easier to attach on the uneven wall in underground tunnels. With the extended metal plate, the tag −10 dB reflection-coefficient bandwidth is 37 MHz (890–926 MHz) and the 3 dB AR bandwidth is 6.4 MHz (911.4-917.8 MHz). This design provides good circular polarization characteristics and a read range of 2.2 m.


ARTICLE INFO The present work is concerned with an attempt to predict the fatigue strength of welded joints by means of a fracture mechanics approach that takes into account the fatigue behaviour of short cracks. The methodology evaluates the fatigue crack propagation rate as a function of the difference between the applied driving force and the material threshold for crack propagation, a function of crack length. Analytical fatigue models were developed to estimate the fatigue behaviour of notched plates. Analyses are performed on a cruciform fillet welded joint where parameters such as, load variation, plate thickness and weld size, are varied. The achieved results are then compared to calculations with other fatigue assessment methods, fracture mechanics approach and the nominal method. The results indicate that the theoretical methods or FEA results tends to overestimate the lifespan, especially when the plate thickness is small. This leads to non-promising results that are dangerous to use as guidance when designing. Work done here is by using three different approaches to predict accurate fatigue life. Hence we are combining the results from analytical, theoretical and FEA analysis to predict the useful life for the component. Keywords— crack propagation, fatigue, FEA (Finite Element Analysis), fracture mechanics approach. Article History Received :18 th November 2015 Received in revised form :


The hot corrosion of Fe-Al and Fe-Cr alloys beneath a ZnCl2-KCl melt at 723 K was comparatively studied in an air atmosphere by exposure test. Different accelerated corrosion behaviours were observed on the alloys examined. A high Cr content in the alloy was not effective to prevent the substrate materials degradation, whereas the corrosion resistance of Fe-Al alloys was significantly improved with increasing Al concentration. Metallic Zn was formed as one of the reaction products on Fe-AI substrates, and its amount on the top surface increases with higher Al concentration in the alloy. Only Zn compounds (oxide or spinel) were detected on those ΑΙ-free Fe-Cr substrates. Accordingly, a fluxing mechanism was proposed for the substrate degradation of Fe-Cr alloys, and a displacement reaction mechanism might match with Fe-Al systems.


This study aimed to isolate quercetin (for the first time) from Anabaena aequalis Borge, which inhabits soil surface of Wadi El‐Alaqui Protectorate located in Aswan city, Egypt. The isolated compound showed significant antibacterial activity against the gram‐positive bacteria Sarcina maxima and Micrococcus kristinae, the gram‐negative bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae, as well as against the filamentous fungus Aspergillus flavus. The isolated compound was identified as quercetin using the structure elucidation based on UV, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESIMS), 1H and 13C NMR, proton–proton correlation spectroscopy (1H‐1H COSY), distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT), heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC), and heteronuclear multiple bond correlations spectrum (HMBC). Medium lethal dose (LD50) of the isolated compound and its side effects against hyperlipidemia induced by ethanol intake in albino rats were carried out. No deaths were reported in rats within 72 h, which suggests that the isolated compound plays a beneficial role as an antihyperlipidemic agent in the treatment of alcohol‐induced hepatic tissue damage, which can be described as one of the therapeutic values.


In this paper we introduce GLADE, a scalable distributed framework for large scale data analytics. GLADE consists of a simple user-interface to define Generalized Linear Aggregates (GLA), the fundamental abstraction at the core of GLADE, and a distributed runtime environment that executes GLAs by using parallelism extensively.
 GLAs are derived from User-Defined Aggregates (UDA), a relational database extension that allows the user to add specialized aggregates to be executed inside the query processor. GLAs extend the UDA interface with methods to Serialize/Deserialize the state of the aggregate required for distributed computation. As a significant departure from UDAs which can be invoked only through SQL, GLAs give the user direct access to the state of the aggregate, thus allowing for the computation of significantly more complex aggregate functions.
 GLADE runtime is an execution engine optimized for the GLA computation. The runtime takes the user-defined GLA code, compiles it inside the engine, and executes it right near the data by taking advantage of parallelism both inside a single machine as well as across a cluster of computers. This results in maximum possible execution time performance (all our experimental tasks are I/O-bound) and linear scaleup.


In this paper, the thermo-elastic-plastic field of a marine boiler drum is analyzed by using FEM, and diagrams of three-dimensional stress and deformation are given. The finite element calculation was carried out at twice for the region of stress concentration. The numerical results are of significance for analyzing the damages of boiler drum.


Stress has been a popular field of research for many researchers working in the area of psychology, organizational behavior, health and medicine. Significant amount of empirical research has been done to analyze the relationship between various individual and organizational factors with job stress, moreover the consequences of job stress has also been analyzed by researchers. In the light of available literature, this paper attempts to discuss the key concepts in the field of job stress since its inception. Further, it attempts to propose a comprehensive theoretical model which explains relationship between individual and work related sources with job stress. The present work must be valued for documenting the advances in the field of job stress, and for depicting it's interactions with some of the important individual and organizational level variables. The model proposed can provide a foundation for further empirical research.


The present invention relates to a vehicle mounting device for surveillance equipment, comprising: a pillar formed perpendicularly on a floor of a vehicle; and a support member having an L-shape formed horizontally on the top end of the pillar, wherein the support member is formed so that a section on one side of the top end of the pillar is shorter in length than a section on another side, wherein a first installation part on which the equipment is installed is formed on one end part, a second installation part is formed on another end part, and wherein the first installation part is formed at a position lower than the second installation part. According to the present invention, the following advantages can be provided: a thermal observation device and a radar can be mounted on a four-wheel drive vehicle used in rough mountainous roads; the thermal observation device and the radar are easily mounted on the vehicle; a surveillance range can be stably secured; and superior operability can be provided through easy attachment and detachment.


This study is aimed to describe whether or not there is aneffectivenes of making a class magazine in teaching writing at the seventh grade students of SMP MuhammadiyahPurwodadiin the academic year 2014/2015. Writing is one of the four language skills that is very important to learn. In learning English process, the students have to master the writing skill to improve the students' knowledge. The result of the research revealed that the mean score of students' control group was 69.83 fell in good category. The mean score of students' experimental group was 78.10 fell in good category. Thus, the result shows that making a class magazine in teaching writing at the seventh grade students of SMP MuhammadiyahPurwodadiin the academic year 2014/2015 is effective. It is proved by the result of t-value (Sig. 2-tailed) is 4.29, and the Sig. (2-tailed) is 0.00 at the 95% confidence interval of the differences. It meant that the significant level of t-test is lower than 0.05 (0.00<0.05). Based on the result, it means that the hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. Keywords : Effectiveness, a class magazine, Teaching Writing


Background:  Early occurrence of small‐fibre neuropathy (SFN) is a common feature of Fabry disease (FD) – an X‐linked storage disorder caused by reduced activity of the α‐galactosidase A (α‐GAL). Although SFN may result from different disorders, the cause is often unclear. Therefore, we investigated the frequency of FD in patients with SFN of unknown aetiology.


Since Lectionary Year A has readings from Romans throughout the year, preachers and assemblies have a unique opportunity to interact with Paul's theology and community insights offered in the book that arguably is his magnum opus . This article provides details about the Romans readings, its overarching themes, and a focus on reconciliation in Romans. Paul's eschatological understanding of the theology of the cross and his astute attentiveness to the social climate in Rome inform the preacher's approach to proclamation based on Romans texts in Year A.


Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a leading cause of death in patients with cirrhosis. This review attempts to clarify the role of robotic surgery for HCC in terms of oncologic outcomes.


To offset cutbacks in university hiring due to the recession, the U.S. National Institutes of Health has announced a plan that it hopes will create up to 117 new tenure-track positions for young scientists starting this fall.


This invention relates to a method and apparatus for reducing vibration of a helicopter fuselage. The appara tus comprises a plurality of actuators interconnecting parts of the helicopter structure capable of relative motion at an exciting frequency, means to continuously oscillate the actuators at a frequency corresponding to the exciting frequency, a plurality of accelerometers attached to the fuselage for generating signals represen tative of fuselage dynamic accelerations, and processing means for processing said signals and providing output signals for controlling the phase and magnitude of oper ation of the actuators. In a described embodiment, one of the relatively movable parts comprises a raft struc ture carrying the gearbox and engines and attached to the fuselage by a resilient attachment adjacent each of its four corners.


[Tris(hexamethyldisilyl)amide] yttrium is a catalyst for the controlled ring-opening polymerization of e-caprolactone when reacted with an excess of alcohol. Up to an alcohol-to-yttrium molar ratio of 50, the chain transfer to the alcohol is quantitative, and the molecular weight of the chains can be predicted from the monomer-to-alcohol molar ratio. At alcohol-to-yttrium ratios higher than 100, the alcohol is quantitatively consumed provided that 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane, which is formed as a byproduct, is removed from the reation medium. Depending on the structure of the alcohol, end-functional polyesters can be prepared (e.g., with N-pyrrolyl and 3-thienyl end groups). Well-defined block and random copolymers of e-CL with lactides and γ-bromo-e-caprolactone, respectively, have also been synthesized. Compared to aluminum alkoxides, the in situ formed yttrium alkoxides have the advantage of a much faster polymerization kinetics while preserving control.


Kozu-shima is one of the Izu Islands and located about 170 km southwest of Tokyo. The island mainly consists of rhyolitic lava domes, thick lava flows and pyroclastic deposits. The latest eruption occurred at Tenjyo-san in 838 A. D. Individual lava activities are able to be separated easily, but pyroclastic deposits are difficult to be distinguished in detail because their component and composition are very similar. Thus it is difficult to identify sources of pyroclastic deposits and the eruption history is still uncertain. I measured the thicknesses of the hydration layers along the cracks in the glassy groundmass of Tenjyo-san lava and glassy rock fragments in pyroclastic deposits to distinguish 838 Tenjyo-san pyroclastic deposits. Hydration layers were measured on thin sections, and results were plotted in histograms. According to the histograms, some fragments have two or more peaks of hydration layers. When the cracks are formed by cooling of magma or fracturing of rock, hydration layers begin to be formed along the crack. The thickest peak is considered to correspond to the cooling of magma. The others are estimated to relate the fracturing of rock. In the measured data, the thinnest peak of hydration layer is almost corresponding to the Tenjyo-san lava's peak. Therefore, these glassy rock fragments were formed before Tenjyo-san eruption and caught in the pyroclastic deposit when the eruption occurred. Contrast of deposit which is based on the results of hydration layers show that the pyroclastic flow which is distributed at the southwest of island is corresponding to the base part of pyroclastic flow at northwest. This result and shape of Tenjyo-san lava and distribution of pyroclastic flows indicate Tenjyo-san eruption began in the south part of present Tenjyo-san lava dome, and the vent shifted to the north part of the dome.


The Corona Factorization Property of a C � -algebra, originally defined to study extensions of C � -algebras, has turned out to say something important about intrinsic struc- tural properties of the C � -algebra. We show in this paper that a �-unital C � -algebra A of real rank zero has the Corona Factorization Property if and only if its monoid V(A) of Murray- von Neumann equivalence classes of projections in matrix algebras over A has a certain (rather weak) comparability property that we call the Corona Factorization Property (for monoids). We show that a projection in such a C � -algebra is properly infinite if (and only if) a multiple of it is properly infinite. The latter result is obtained from some more general result we establish about conical refinement monoids. We show that the set of order units (together with the zero-element) in a conical refinement monoid is again a refinement monoid under the assumption that the monoid satisfies weak divisibility; and if u is an element in a refinement monoid such that nu is properly infinite, then u can be written as a sum u = s + t such that ns and nt are properly infinite.


Background: The quality of a prescription is an important part of rational prescribing. Rational use of drugs is an essential factor for achieving high quality patient care. The aim of this study is to audit the prescriptions in outpatients departments as per WHO core prescribing indicators for rational use of drugs. Materials & Methods: 1050 prescriptions were audited over a period of two months in a tertiary care hospital in Jharkhand. Prescriptions were assessed for WHO core prescribing indicators and legibility. Results: Antibiotic use was more than recommended WHO criteria. 96.14 percent of medicines were prescribed from essential drug list. Percentage of injections was within WHO recommended limit. Two percent prescriptions were not legible. 29.25 % of drugs prescribed were in generic name. Conclusion: Sensitization, awareness , and motivation of prescribers is needed for rational prescription and avoidance of medication errors.


First step of aircraft design is calculation of initial parameters, based on assumptions determining flight parameters which designed aircraft should meet. During these calculations, it is possible to pre-detect structure instability called a flutter. These calculations are made based on the geometric parameters assumed in the first conceptual drawings of the flying vehicle. Assumed masses and speeds allow for preliminary analysis of forces acting on the structure. The next step is to determine the displacements and deformations occurring in the structure of the aircraft in different phases of flight and under different conditions. The article presents all the stages of wing analysis for a proposed stratospheric drone with a highly flexible wing structure. This analysis, after integration with CAD software, will allow for the preparation of a comprehensive generative model. The basic assumptions of the designed aircraft are: flight altitude, wings area, very extended or unlimited flight time, approximate flight speed, climbing time, hull parameters, rudder size and placement, wing profile and mass of the structure. These assumptions made it possible to carry out a preliminary analysis of loads, wing pressure distribution, lift force and total resistance force. The goal of the research is to develop a methodology of preliminary flutter analysis which can be easily integrated in the form of calculation backgound for generative model. This methodology has been developed to determine displacements, structure stability and critical vibration frequencies. CAD software after integration with constantly optimizing calculation software will allow the generation of optimal shape and structure rigidity for given initial assumptions.


We report a method of profile coating to achieve a certain selected thickness profile of a thin film coating using dc magnetron sputtering. In profile coatings, the substrate is passed over a contoured mask at a constant speed to obtain a desired profile along the direction perpendicular to the substrate-moving direction. The shape of the contour depends on the desired profile and the thickness distribution directly above the gun at the substrate level. Si wafers of 4 in. diameter were coated through a 100×152 mm2 aperture on the top of the shield can. The thickness distribution was then obtained using a spectroscopic ellipsometer with computer-controlled X-Y stages. A model has been developed to fit the measured thickness distribution. The relative thickness weightings are then obtained at every point 1 mm apart for the entire open area of the aperture. When the substrate is moving across the shield can during depositions, the film thickness is directly proportional to the length of the opening on the ca...


This review outlines the development of religious cognition, with a particular focus on the cultural processes involved in the transmission of religious concepts and beliefs. The mechanisms of development of religious concepts and beliefs are made salient by the fact that these concepts are ( a) unavailable for direct observation or experimentation by the child and ( b) involve deeply held personal and collective commitments on the part of adult members of distinct cultural groups defined by specific beliefs and practices. As such, this review highlights how the study of religious cognition provides a critical lens for developmental science and makes clear the mutually constituted relationship between cognition and culture. The review covers development in three key domains of religious cognition: religious agents, the nature of existence, and religious identity. We additionally describe research into religious socialization and conclude with suggestions for future research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Volume 4 is December 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.


We perform extensive ab initio density-functional calculations to investigate the structures and magnetic moments of the binary clusters X12Y (X, Y=Fe, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, Pd, and Pt). Although all the binary clusters Fe12Y, Co12Y, Ru12Y, and Rh12Y, plus Ni12Y (Y=Rh, Pd, and Pt) and Pt12Y (Y=Ru, Rh, and Pd), retain, with more or less distortions, the structures of the corresponding pure X13 clusters, the remaining binary clusters (i.e., a significant number of 12 of all the 42 cases) adopt geometries different from those of the corresponding pure clusters. Independent of the peculiarities of each family of binary clusters, the binding energies of all the binary clusters X12Ru are bigger than those of the pure X13 clusters, while the binding energies of all the binary clusters X12Pd are smaller. The clusters investigated exhibit a variety of magnetic behaviors. In the case of Ni12Rh, we predict a remarkable magnetic cooperative phenomenon that can be attributed to electronic effects associated to the chemical ...


Advances in crystal structure analysis techniques by powder diffraction experiments and Rietveld analysis over the past 30 years have made a great contribution to high pressure physics and earth science. By incorporating density functional theory (DFT) calculation, it has become possible to analyze the atomic coordinates of hydrogen and complicated crystal structures. In addition, it compensated the uncertainty of the analysis result due to various constraints of high pressure experiment, and improved the reliability of the structural analysis result. In this article, the latest techniques on a crystal structure analysis for high pressure powder diffraction are briefly reviewed. [diamond anvil cell, imaging plate, x-ray, powder diffraction, crystal structure, indexing, space group, Rietveld analysis, DFT calculation]


The intent of this report is to provide an overview of the
hydrodynamic and physical aspects of high-speed vessel
wake and to provide guidance for its effective management.
This guidance does not prescribe a solution. Rather,
it provides a process that waterway management authorities
and vessel operators can use to develop an appropriate
solution for managing high-speed vessel wake. This guidance
is consistent with the International Maritime
Organization's (IMO) High-Speed Craft Code (2000)
and may be used to support the development of the route
operational manual required by Regulation 18.2.2 of that
Code.
The report does not address other issues associated with
the operation of high-speed vessels that are within the
purview of other organisations (e.g., IMO, the
International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation
and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA)); nor does it address
issues related to vessel design since they are beyond the
expertise of PIANC.
Although these guidelines were developed in response to
concern about the potential impacts of high-speed vessel
wake (see Annex A), they can be used as the basis for
managing potential impacts of wake generated by any vessel.


A massive urban excavation is required to construct the below-grade rail platforms for the Transbay Transit Center. A performancebased approach was used to design the minimum stiffness of the shoring system to limit excavation-induced ground movements to appropriate magnitudes and minimize impact to adjacent infrastructure. During construction, a fully-automated near real-time digital geotechnical monitoring system that integrates wireless sensor data streams into an integrated database and decision support system called the Global Analyzer is used to track the performance of this excavation. Instrumentation used for monitoring includes inclinometers, deep settlement markers, extensometers, piezometers, and an automated total station network. Some of the advantages of the Global Analyzer system include (a) integration of all project monitoring data and construction history information in a centralized database, (b) the ability to compare measured and estimated or target performance, (c) the use of early indicators to understand problems areas prior to excavation reaching critical stages, (d) the distribution of geotechnical monitoring data to adjacent building owners and other stakeholders through a web-based portal, and (e) the generation of computer generated email alerts when threshold values are exceeded by a given instrument. The Global Analyzer is a key tool in supporting an efficient decision process informed by more complete and timely performance data. It represents a component of the decision support process needed in the observational approach and deformation control. This application is relatively new to such a large scale project in the US and provides an example of a large complex data collection and distribution system. The monitoring process used for this project takes advantage of the latest communications technologies in the monitoring of the construction of the Transbay Transit Center excavation in its complex urban environment.