A good non-viral vector is the key to the success of gene delivery and therapy; hence, modified exosomes may overcome the physiological barrier in the delivery in vivo. This study aims to design a novel non-viral vector and verify its gene delivery function in vitro and in vivo for dapper homolog 2 (DACT2) genes. In this study, amphipathicity cationic exosomes with receptor targeted function and DACT2 gene loading function were constructed by exosomes, PEG, glycidyl hexadecyl dimethylammonium chloride, and recombinant VAR2CSA malaria protein (RVP) antibody. Characterizations of RVP antibody and PEG modified cationic lipid exosome (RVP-CL) nanocomplexes were evaluated by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, FTIR, and so on. The DNA condensation ability and stability were assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Cellular uptake efficiency and cytotoxicity in glioma cells were investigated. Furthermore, the tumor suppressive effect was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results indicated that RVP-CL had a uniform size of 100–200 nm and positive zeta potential. With high uptake efficiency, RVP-CL can rapidly target, recognize, and enter the glioma cell (KNS-42 and U118 mg) and release the gene. Moreover, RVP-CL/DACT2 can effectively inhibit the growth of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. The modified cationic exosomes may offer a promising strategy for gene delivery in the treatment of RVP-positive gliomas or other tumors.


Indonesia has various traditional foods, some of which are the result of acculturation with other countries' foods. Sangga buwana is the Javanese-Dutch influenced cuisine, which became one of the favorite dishes of the sultans of Yogyakarta. Till date, the publication about sangga buwana is still limited. This paper aimed to introduce and spread the knowledge about sangga buwana as the result of food acculturation, focusing on its history, philosophy, how it is prepared, and its nutritional value. The study was carried out through interviews with the experts and literature review. Sangga buwana consists of several components, including choux pastry, ragout, lettuce, boiled egg, Javanese mustard, and pickled vegetables. Sangga buwana itself and every component to prepare it have the meaningful philosophy about God's creations. It delivers important wishes and meanings to the newlywed couple in royal wedding ceremony. It was only served to the sultan, royal family of Yogyakarta, and their important guests. But nowadays, sangga buwana can be more easily found at restaurants, traditional markets or food festivals in Yogyakarta. The cultural preservation of sangga buwana has been conducted through cultural festivals, cooking workshops, and research development using local ingredients to prepare it which may support food diversification


The development of information and communication technology has become a means of various activities in our daily lives.Technology can provide many conveniences that have penetrated various aspects of life, including economic, social, cultural and educational. In general, technology is developed to meet human needs and desires to make it easier to interact in their lives. The purpose of this research is to describe digital communication in driving the culture of society through social change in Luwuk District, Banggai Regency In this study, researchers used a qualitative descriptive methodology in which researchers tried to review digital communication in driving societal culture through social change by using data collection that had been determined through literature review, observation and interviews. In this study, researchers try to see digital communication through social change.


Postnatal buggy walking is an accessible activity for new mothers, but there has been limited assessment of its impact on wellbeing in healthy postnatal populations or on community based health services. This evaluation explored women's perceptions of the effect of participating in health visitor-led postnatal buggy walk groups and of health visitor involvement. A mixed methods approach was used comprising surveys, focus groups and individual interviews. Findings indicate that health visitor-led group buggy walks are an innovative, asset-based approach to health care. Mothers perceived that participation improved their wellbeing, helped them cope with parenting and enabled them to develop important supportive social networks. The health visitor facilitated first attendance, incentivised continuation and provided women with an accessible health resource.


High horizontal stress and its adverse effects on longwall gate entries have been witnessed in many US coal mines for the past years. It can cause cutter roofs and leads to roof falls either in the headgate or tailgate entries depending on the relative orientation of the panel to the maximum principal horizontal stress. Underground observations have shown that if the maximum principal horizontal stress is perpendicular to the panel entries, the roof is in the worst condition and if the maximum principal horizontal stress is parallel to the entries, the entry is in the best condition. However, little has been done about the high horizontal stress effects on panel entries subject to different orientations of high horizontal stress. In order to design a longwall panel and control the roof effectively, the redistribution and concentration of high horizontal stress field must be fully understood. Using 3-D finite element analysis, this paper presents the high horizontal stress redistribution and concentration for a retreat longwall face with different orientations of high horizontal stress. Based on the results, possible roof failures for different orientations of high horizontal stress are analyzed. A panel design criterion is recommended.


The article deals with analysis of application of traffic safety measures in agglomerations at night time. 50 % of fatal traffic injuries happen at night (dark) time or when visibility conditions are insufficient. Pedestrians and bicyclists are involved into approximately 30 % of accidents from the total number. The research and calculations revealed that probability of traffic accidents at day time is approximately 0.000001 vehicles·km, while at dark time it can increase from 15 to more than a hundred percent in case when the asphalt road surface is dry and the driving speed range is from 20 to 50 km·h -1 . In the case of a wet asphalt surface this probability increases from 20 to more than 140 percent correspondingly and in the case the asphalt road surface is covered with ice – from 40 to >200 percent. The calculation results show that a safe vehicle stopping distance in nonilluminated roads at dark time will be guaranteed, if the speed of the vehicle does not exceed 40 km·h -1 .


The deuterated analogs of DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2d,2,2-bis ( p -chlorophenyl) ethane) and of TDE (1,1-dichloro-2d,2,2-bis ( p -chlorophenyl) ethane) were synthesized and used to measure isotope effect on absorption spectra, insecticidal action, and chemical stability. Since deuteration gave little change in toxicity or degradation, these properties evidently involve the electronic structure of the molecule, not mass effects.


Series Editors' Introduction Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Fundraising: Theories of Motivation for Giving Chapter 2: Grounding Institutional Marketing in Theory Chapter 3: Boards of Trustees and Philanthropy Chapter 4: Leadership for Philanthropy Chapter 5: Youth and Student Volunteerism and Philanthropy Chapter 6: Social Identity and Philanthropy Chapter 7: Conclusion: A Call to Advance the Field of Advancement Research Appendix A Appendix B Bibliography Index


- - - - - - - - - - - - - Absfracf Tissue conductance and non-evaporative heat loss from the skin were determined from measurements of body temperature, evaporative water loss, metabolic rate and heat storage in six steers in each of three breeds, Brahman (B), Brahman x Hereford-Shorthorn (BX) and Shorthorn (S). A group of six steers, two from each breed, remained in a climate room set at 25% overnight, and during the following day all were exposed for 1 h to sequential increases in air temperature (28, 32, 37, 41, 43, 45°C). Each steer was measured at 25°C and after a 30-min exposure to each temperature. Tissue conductance increased with air temperature (T,), reaching maximum values at 41°C, the rate of increase (W m-2 "C-I per degree rise in T,) being for B 3.95, for BX 2.33 and for S 2,09. Between 41 and 45"C, tissue conductance remained constant in B but declined in BX and S with a concurrent increase in heat storage. Mean tissue conductance (W m-2 "C-l) of B was 63.5; BX, 56.1; and S, 47.8, values that were significantly different (P < 0.01). Expressed in terms of metabolic weight, the breed means of tissue conductance (litres O2 h-I W-0'75 'C-l) were also significantly different: B, 0.56; BX, 0.43; and S, 0.33 (P < 0.005), with the relative differences similar to those calculated per unit area. Breed differences in tissue conductance may be related to variations in ability to redirect blood from the core to the skin. Non-evaporative heat loss comprised 55-65070 of the total heat loss from the skin in all breeds at Ta of 25°C. The remaining heat was lost through sweating. As T, increased and approached skin temperature, non-evaporative heat loss decreased but in B and BX remained 25% of the total heat loss from the skin. S steers, in contrast, sustained little non-evaporative heat loss as Ta increased because sweating rates increased 50% more than that required to dissipate the heat at the skin. The increase in absolute humidity of the chamber was associated with the excessive sweating in this breed.


Abstract We consider linear ill‐posed problems in Hilbert spaces with noisy right hand side and given noise level. For approximation of the solution the Tikhonov method or the iterated variant of this method may be used. In self‐adjoint problems the Lavrentiev method or its iterated variant are used. For a posteriori choice of the regularization parameter often quasioptimal rules are used which require computing of additionally iterated approximations. In this paper we propose for parameter choice alternative numerical schemes, using instead of additional iterations linear combinations of approximations with different parameters.


MF-$0.83 NC-S1.67 Plus Postage. Behavior Patterns; Child Psycholog *Identificaion (Psychological) ; *Performance Factors; Preschool Children; *Problem Solving; Research Projects; *Role Perception; *Sex Differences; *Task Performance The problem-so ving performance of young boys and girls vas examined in three conditions in which good performance was indicated as being appropriate for boys, for girls, or for both boys and girls. The relations between task scores and five sex-role measares were also examined. As predicted,the boys performed significantly poorer when the task was indicated as one that girls did well. The girls' performance was not affected by the conditions of the study. The girls' problem-solving scores did not differ significantly from the boysg,scores. There were some relations between the task scores and the sex-role . measures for boys, but not for girls. Associations among the sex-role measures were not high. (Author) Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS iS not * * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. Pro -Solving Perfo ance of Young Boys and Girls , Function of Task Appropriat and Scx Identity Dcloros Col-7 ,nd ne Berger Sir George Williams Faculty of A Conrij, University *Th s research was supported by a DGES-FCAC research grant from the government of Quebec. Of XARTMENTOF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INCTITL.TE OF EOUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON ow oRoANIzATIoN OR iG.N AT INC. IT POINTS OF VIEW DR OPINIONS STATE° OD NOT NECESSARILY REPRE. SrNT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITU TE OF EOuEATION POSITION OR ROI, ICY


This paper presents a new LP based optimal cell selection method. Optimal cell selection is a useful tool for final tuning of LSI designs. It replaces drivabilities of cells, adjusting timing, area, and power constraints. Using the latest and earliest arrival times, it can handle both setup and hold time constraints. We also make an efficient initial basis, which speeds up a simplex LP solver by 5 times without any relaxations nor approximations. From experimental results, it reduces the clock cycle of a manual designed 13k-transistor chip by 17% without any increase of area.


The purpose of this study was to analyze: (1) the lesbian behavior description inwoman's prison, (2) deviant sexual orientation causing factors of female prisoners, and(3) appropriate treatment for lesbian behavior in women's prisons. This study wasconducted in woman's prison clas IIA, located on the Bindanak street no.1 Pekanbaru.The research was conducted in March 2018. The research using qualitative method andelaborated by descriptive analythic way. The subjects of the study were 12 femaleprisoners selected by purposive sampling with the following characteristics: 1.Appearance that was not gender appropriate, 2. Recognizing that having a deviantsexual orientation, 3. recommendation by the officer of prison. Data processing is doneby analyzing the result of observation and interview. The result of this research isconcluded that 1) lesbian description in Female prison Class IIA Pekanbaru is a femalewho feel herself as good man by physically and psychic. Sexual intercourse is describedas two women who are attracted to each other, doing relationships like lovers. 3 peoplestill have an interested with a man, while the other 9 people are not at all. Physicalappearance of 11 subjects like as a man, the hair crop, wearing T-shirts, trousers andwear a jacket, their body language is also made dashing, While 1 person usedheadscarf and still seen as female, 2) The causing factors of lesbian behavior are 3people because of environmental factor and 9 others have felt the disorder of sexualorientation since adolescence, where the abnormality is felt happened naturally and 3)treatment appropriate for lesbian in woman's prison are to provide informationservices and socialization of LGBT impact on physical and psychological health,providing guidance and counseling services of individuals and groups, religiousguidance and counseling services as well as religious lectures provided by experts.


70 patients are surveyed by a bronchial asthma, from them at 48 (68,6%) has been diagnosed gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. A bronchial asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease two diseases mutually worsening a current each other. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease at sick of a bronchial asthma aggravates infringements of the basic indicators of functions of external breath, indicators of peak speed of an exhalation and daily variability of peak speed of an exhalation. At patients with a current of a bronchial asthma and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease high correlation of attacks of an asthma with episodes of an acid reflux comes to light.


The implementation of international accounting standards has increased fair value implementation in financial reporting. The benefit is that fair value represents the true economic condition of an entity. On the other hand, this concept also causes problem related to its measurement subjectivity, especially on non current asset. It makes the auditor do a greater effort to gain a sufficient conviction over the fairness of non current asset. This implicates a greater audit fee. This study aims to seek the effect of fair value of non current asset on audit fee. This study also aims to seek any moderation from tax management of companies asset that affects the relationship between fair value implementation and audit fee. By using OLS regression, this study examines companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2014, with a sample of 114 companies. The result show that fair value implementation affects audit fee and this study is able to prove that fair value implementation moderated by tax management of company asset affects audit fee.


Under the development and support of digital, networked and intelligent technologies (IT), university wisdom libraries adopt superb IT, sophisticated big data resource allocation, fine supervised wisdom RFD management system and exquisite supervised wisdom service system to provide a wisdom environment to meet users' personalized needs and promote the transformation of libraries to a new form of wisdom. University intelligent libraries are still in their infancy and development stages in today's world; the infrastructure has not been fully developed, the number of intelligent devices, the types of intelligent services, and the level of intelligence have all been developed but are still in their infancy and development stages, and the level of intelligence has not yet reached a significant level, and the level of intelligence has not yet reached a significant level. This paper develops the construction of a precise service platform for wisdom library disciplines based on users' needs. In this paper, we propose a hybrid continuous ant colony optimization (BACO) method, and further propose a BACO-based multidoor image segmentation bun type for facial image segmentation. The experiments show that the proposed method has good performance and can lay the foundation for the next step of facial recognition and even the construction of smart library to ensure the accurate service of university smart library.


The objective of this study was to investigate the photocatalytic treatment of rose processing wastewater by using sunlight and TiO2. Rose processing wastewater contains high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, high amount of solid matters and dark color. The effect of various operating conditions such as irradiation time, catalyst loading and pH on COD and color removal were determined. The highest color removal and COD removal was found to be 51.7 % and 15.7%, respectively with 2 g/L TiO2 catalyst dose at pH 4. Sunlight was used as an economic irradiation source for photocatalytic treatment of rose processing wastewater.


Plant water relationships and hydraulic characteristics were measured for two species of the genus Acer that co-occur with Fraxinus excelsior, but differ in their habitat preference with respect to soil moisture: Acer pseudoplatanusis restricted to wet habitats, whereas Acer opalusoccurs on drier sites. The data obtained showed significantly lower hydraulic conductance and lower vulnerability to embolism in the drought-tolerant species, Acer opalus, than in the water prefering species Acer pseudoplatanus. Similar differences in hydraulic conductance and xylem vulnerability to embolism were also found under dry acclimated conditions for Fraxinus excelsior trees, indicating that the hydraulic differences observed might be attributable to the contrasting soil water conditions of the sites. The possible physiological and ecological significance of such differences are discussed, in relation to habitat preference and the distribution of each species. hydraulic conductance / xylem embolism / drought tolerance / Acer pseudoplatanus / Acer opalus / Fraxinus excelsior


Naphthalene metabolism by microorganisms has been studied extensively [1-6] over the last 20 years. A metabolic pathway for the degradation of naphthalene was postulated [I ,6] and later amended when the structure of the 1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (DHD) intermediate was demonstrated to have a cis configuration [7,8]. The mutant strain of Pseudomonas putida 119, which was found capable of accumulating this cis-DHD intermediate [8], has been used to develop a fermentation process for production of this material in batch flask culture. The process, described in this paper, involves growing the mutant on a suitable carbon source (i.e., glucose) in the presence of naphthalene and salicylic acid as the latter has been reported to induce naphthalene metabolism in species of Pseudomonas [9,10].


The principal parts of this machine are: A, an eight-day clock, which turns B, a vertical cylinder, revolving once in twenty-four hours: C, a wheel, to which an alternate motion is communicated by D, a float rising and falling with the tide, and connected with C by the wire E, passing over the pulley F, and kept constantly strained by the counterpoise G: H, a small drum on the same axis with C, which, by a suspending wire, communicates one-eighteenth of the vertical motion of the float to I, a bar carrying a pencil, K, which marks a curve on the cylinder B, so as to show the time and height of high water. The above will convey a general notion of the machine and its use; but it will be necessary to enter more into detail.


This study was conducted to update information on the extraction and use of groundwater in the basin of Laguna Seca, Guanajuato, Mexico, as well as to propos...


For a convenient and Newton non-degenerate singularity, the Milnor number is given by the Minkowski mixed volume of the closure of the complement of its Newton diagram in the first quadrant, so-called Kouchnirenko's formula. In this paper, we consider tropical curves dual to subdivisions of this complement for a plane curve singularity and show the existence of a tropical curve satisfying a certain formula, which looks like a well-known formula for a real morsification due to A'Campo and Gusein-Zade.


To clarify mechanical properties in particular strain rate dependency and cyclic effect on strength and deformation of mudstone with weak plane, triaxial and cyclic triaxial compression tests are performed on specimens which has discontinuous plane with variable angle θ to the maximum principal stress plane. We mainly describe dependency of strength and deformation on the angle, and deformation characteristics during cyclic loading, and strain rate dependency of strength and Yong's modulus. Particularly, it is found that maximum deviator stress (σ1-σ3)f at θ=60° nearly equals the residual strength, and rate dependency of strength clearly can be seen for the wide of strain rates, and (σ1-σ3)f at θ=60° can be given by failure criterion for residual strength of intact specimen based on effective stress.


Intellectually asserted, every educational institution by existence stands for the transaction of intelligence. This unchallengeable poses a need-based context for probing into the most influential yet often neglected dimension of intelligence, the emotional intelligence as an integral process of every progress plan. Schools, in their existence, are human-intensive spaces with their recipients primarily in students and parents, academic transacts in teachers, influencers in regulatory officials and most importantly the visionaries in their management. The uniqueness of such a space is in understanding that every individual comes in with their typical personalities, traits, intelligence indices as well as work-motivation patterns. The principals as leaders pivot all these commissioning dynamics around them in every context of their institution.


Interior design isn't  just the science of interior space that meets the needs of function and aesthetics. Each building is designed and built to fulfill certain functions, for example hotels, apartments, and houses serves as a means of accommodation, while restaurants serves as a commercial building that meets the needs of food. The public building must be accessible and all users including person with disabilities thai is users can see or not (blind), walkers and wheelchair users, and hearing disabled  (deaf/hard of hearing). Based on the university building functions as a learing and teaching activity for all users including students with disabilities. Studi of universal design on  university of Mercu Buana campus es in Jakarta and Daegu University in Daegu (South Korea) with research method of  observation, literature data and study of comparison, then analyze the data using exposure methods, namely examination of universal design standard data (Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 14 / PRT / M / 2017 ) . The purpose of this study is to identity whether the two universities are in accordance with the standard of 7 universal design principls.


The combustion of a micro-piston internal combustion engine with platinum wire glow ignition is diagnosed. The results show that the combustion starting point of the micro piston internal combustion engine varies greatly, and the combustion duration is various and long. The coefficient of variation of pmax is as high as 28.5%, the combustion stability is poor. Therefore, it is suggested to improve the thermal environment in the cylinder to improve the combustion stability. One method is to increase the temperature in the cylinder to reduce the duration and the cyclic variation of combustion. The other method is to increase the temperature of the platinum wire to improve the stability of the starting point of combustion and to reduce the cyclic variation of combustion. The test results show that with the increase in the cylinder body temperature, the distribution of combustion starting point is more concentrated, and the coefficient of variation of pmax decreases by about 38.6%. The stability of combustion increases. So the combustion stability can be improved by appropriately increasing the temperature of cylinder body. With the increase temperature of the platinum wire, the ignition and combustion will be facilitated and the combustion stability will be improved. At the same time, the movement of the gas near the platinum wire will be accelerated, which gives rise to affect the flame-kernel development and flame propagation. The ignition points will become scattered, which increases the instability of combustion.


This work presents a study conducted on the incentives to adopt food safety standards in the dairy cattle farming sector in Souk Ahras in Algeria. The State remains the main prescriber of food safety standards because of its socio-political legitimacy as a guarantor of public health. Here, all possible incentives to adopt food safety standards (including the institutional environment, the market and the farms desire for internal efficiency), have been studied. This study show that, despite its shortcomings, the institutional environment played a positive role in the adoption of food safety standards. The absence of differentiation by the safety quality led to a lack of market incentives (price). While the farms search for internal economic efficiency remains of paramount importance in the alignment with the food safety standards. Any initiative to establish standards must be accompanied by mechanisms aiming at strengthening the external and internal incentives of the farm.


With the continuous development of marine transport modes,containerization wins the marketplace by its advantage in safety,high efficiency,convenience and speediness.In recent years,dangerous goods transported by containers and in bulk have become a trend in maritime trade.More and more dangerous goods are shipped in containers,and the occurrence rate of related accidents is also increased in the past years.This paper discusses the risks and control measures in this regard according to the laws,regulations and criterion available and combined with practical working experience.


The tendency in river management is to become more integrated in fluvial fan. Especially, the interaction of the surface and subsurface flow should be considered. The pool-riffle-pool sequences in a river with alternate sandbars govern the surface water profile and also subsurface flow in the river. Surface water flow usually changes near the alternate sandbar with high permeability due to the interaction of surface and subsurface flow. The study on the relationship of the upstream total discharge, the required minimum discharge for certain purpose (such as fishery, navigation), and the amount of leakage from surface to subsurface becomes very significant in the river management. As the initial framework, this problem is discussed in a river reach scale in this study. The required environmental discharge is assumed to be the minimum surface flow, and the relationship between leaking flux and the required upstream total discharge is discussed based on the result of flume experiment.


The zebrafish pineal gland is a photoreceptive organ that contains an intrinsic circadian oscillator which drives daily rhythms of gene expression and the melatonin hormonal signal. Circadian rhythms of melatonin in the blood, peaking at night are design to modulate circadian and annual rhythms in all vertebrates. The source of rhythmic melatonin secretion is daily changes in the activity of Arylalkylamin Nacetyl transferase (AANAT). Zebrafish AANAT (zfAANAT2) activity is regulated by light and by the circadian oscillator in the pineal gland. Light pulse during the night triggers an acute degradation of AANAT protein in the pineal photoreceptor cell. In addition, daily-rhythmic transcription of zfaanat2 is regulated by the circadian oscillator. In zebrafish embryos, zfAanat2 mRNA expression begins at 22 h postfertilization (hpf), soon after the pineal is formed and clock-controlled rhythm of its transcript begins on the second day of development. In the studies presented here, I have investigated the role and characteristics of circadian photoreception in the zebrafish pineal gland. The role of light and of the clock gene, Period2 (zPer2) in the development of the circadian clock was studied in the embryonic pineal using zfAanat2 mRNA rhythms as a marker for circadian clock activity. Embryos that were exposed to light/dark cycles exhibited clock-controlled rhythms of zfAanat2 in the embryonic pineal gland,


ABSTRACT The study investigated the adoption of social media in Australian vocational education and training institutions, and the characteristics of social media, individuals and organisations that were promoting or hindering its growth. Interviews and small group discussions were completed with 50 senior vocational education teachers, 120 students, and 20 employers. Guided by a multi-level framework of innovation adoption, a thematic analysis revealed that the features of YouTube were judged to be compatible with institutional objectives and values aligned with more self-paced, collaborative and student-focused learning. Facebook offered innovative appeal around accessibility, simplicity of use and promotion of student collaboration. Other social media tools were of more limited use, while the adoption of different forms of social media was attractive to different types of VET student. While the innovation characteristics of social media were well aligned with institutional objectives for growing more customised and flexible training delivery, teachers' perceptions of institutional policies, the lack of institutional innovation strategies and auditors' preferences around assessment were perceived to be barriers to change and the wider adoption of social media in program delivery and assessment.


Active ear devices (3) with an integrated receiver (4) to be acoustically optimized. For this purpose, it is provided to mold to the acoustic conditions of a sound outlet in the ear mold (8). Has de sound outlet (8) the shape of an exponential horn, this leads to advantages in the Hochtonversorgung. The receiver (4) by means of an adapter (5) interchangeably be fastened in the ear mold (3).


The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants are of critical concern, necessitating systematic efforts for epidemiological surveillance. The current method for identifying variants is viral genome sequencing. Sequencing has multiple limitations to broad clinical adoption including requirements for technical expertise, expense of equipment and bioinformatics, and time for implementation. Here we describe a scalable non-sequencing-based capillary electrophoresis assay to affordably screen variants of SARS-CoV-2. The assay has targets for N1 (CDC nucleocapsid target, internal control), spike gene 69_70 deletion, spike gene 144 deletion, and ORF1A 3675_3677 deletion, which are all present in the B.1.1.7 (UK) variant. ORF1A deletions alone are also present in the New York, Brazil, and South African variants. 648 specimens have been tested to date and the assay is able to detect the B.1.1.7 variant 32 times (n=23 specimens, n=9 positive control replicates). Additionally, the B.1.429 (California) variant can be detected when a 3bp insertion or drop out of the S144 target is present. 7/23 B.1.1.7 specimens have been confirmed by Whole Genome Sequencing (16 pending confirmation), and demonstrate the ability to rapidly track the progression of COVID-19 variants in the population.


Listeriosis is a disease of humans and animals cause by pathogenic Listeria species and are associated with various types of food items of both animals and plants origin. The aim of this work was to assess the occurrence of Listeria species in some foods items sold from four selected markets in two Local Government Areas of Kaduna State. A total number of 400 samples were collected, 100 samples each from the four locations comprising 25 sample each of beef, chicken, lettuce and cabbage were collected from Samaru, Sabon Gari, Kakuri and Ungwan Boro markets. These samples were analysed for Listeria species using Listeria selective media and biochemical tests. The isolates of the Listeria species were further confirmed using microgen listeria identification system. The overall prevalence of Listeria species in the selected food samples in the four locations was 9.8%. Listeria species were isolated from beef (6.0%), Chicken (15.0%), cabbage (6.0%) and lettuce (12.0%). Listeria ivanovii (8.0%) was detected in the food samples; other species include Listeria grayi (1.5%) and Listeria welshimeri (0.25%). Therefore, the presence of Listeria species in the selected food samples suggests that the foods might be important source of listeriosis.


THIS book, or a substantial part of it, would have appeared many years ago, had I not read Eleanor Barman and Ian Montagnes' The Thesis and the Book, soon after completing my doctoral dissertation at the University of Toronto. This 'nasty' little book, which has now become available in India, forced me to reconsider my plan to publish my work. As years went by, the plan went through major changes, but refused to die. In the meanwhile, the perspective I had applied in my thesis faced the dire challenge posed by my return to India'. I wondered whether the perspective was any good for post-doctoral life. I was also worried about the charge one frequently hears, that returning Indians bring with them alien points of view and methodologies only to pollute the Indian research environment. Luckily, the discipline to which I belonged could hardly boast of a research environment without straining credulity. I could not possibly pollute it even if my perspective was poisonously foreign. But how could it be so 'foreign' after all, I often asked myself, if the results to which it led my researches were remarkably consistent with the work I had done long before I had stepped on foreign soil.


Overheating tube rupture of adjacent tubes arises from water/steam leak in steam generators of sodium-cooled fast reactors. It is very important to predict the tube wall stress (tube wall temperature) with a high degree of accuracy on evaluation of overheating tube rupture, and is crucial to estimate quantitatively the heat transfer coefficient between reaction jet and adjacent tubes which is one of the major influencing factor. The authors carried out the sodium-water reaction test (SWAT-1R) under the simulated operation condition of a real plant, and measured the correlation between heat transfer coefficient and void fraction around an adjacent tube. The authors confirmed that thermal environment around an adjacent tube was inferable from measured data, and heat transfer correlation equation proposed by Hamada et al. was applicable to the operation condition at elevated pressure and temperature.


Introduction: Silver and copper nanoparticles (AgNPs, CuNPs) applied as hydronanocolloids are known to produce strong antibacterial and antifungal activities. They are extensively used in a number of applications including pharmacy, medicine and cosmetology (especially for surface-applied treatment of skin lesions) as well as agriculture, industry (paint, construction, etc.) and home or office (mainly disinfection applications). Moreover, there is a promising perspective of an intra-systemic NP use, especially to optimize targeted drug delivery. For the above reasons NPs cause risk of penetrating human body and exerting toxic effects and/or stress reactions. This issue has inspired the authors to launch studies on the influence of colloidal AgNPs and CuNPs on physiological potential of neutrophils, blood-cells acting as the first line of immunological defense.
Methods: Physiological activity of neutrophils was evaluated by measuring their ability to generate oxygen radicals (radical oxygen species, ROS) due to the respiratory (oxidative) burst mechanism. Human, peripheral blood-isolated neutrophils were stimulated with a standard activating agent (polystyrene latex particles) to develop high physiological potential revealed by enhanced ability to produce oxygen radicals. The cells were treated with silver and copper hydronanocolloids (each applied at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 50 mg/kg) alternatively: in the absence and presence of the mentioned activator. The level of generated ROS upon oxidative burst was monitored chemiluminometrically.
Results: The tested Ag and Cu-nanocolloids were not toxic against neutrophils although they hampered mitochondrial dehydrogenase activities when applied at higher levels. At lower concentrations they tended to stimulate ROS generation; however the treatment did not launch the oxidative burst. In the case of the latex-stimulated neutrophils, both types of nanoparticles in all experimental variants did not influence the levels of produced ROS.
Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that the exposure of human neutrophils to colloidal AgNPs and CuNPs does not lead to an enhanced ROS generation, which may enable direct intra-blood application of the tested nanostructures, provided further necessary toxicological studies are carried out.


Signals measured with Chirped Laser Dispersion Spectroscopy setup implemented with intensity modulator are analyzed experimentally. Potential strategies for signal retrieval and amplitude enhancement possibilities are described.


The validity of individual test scores is an important issue that needs to be studied in psychological and educational assessment. An important factor affecting the validity of individual test scores is aberrant item response behavior. Aberrant item scores may increase/decrease the individuals' scores and as a result individuals' ability can be estimated above/below their true ability. Person-fit statistics (PFS) are useful tools to detect aberrant behavior. There are a great number of parametric and nonparametric PFS in the literature. The general purpose of the study is to examine the effectiveness of the parametric and nonparametric PFS in data sets which consist of polytomous items. This study is fundamental research aimed at determining the effectiveness of PFS using simulated data sets. According to the results, as expected, as the Type I error rates (significance alpha level) increased, detection rates (power) increased. In general, it is seen that as the number of misfitting item score vector and number of items increased, detection rates increased. Generally, nonparametric PFS (N-PFS) (especially G P ) detected more aberrant individuals than parametric PFS (P-PFS) l z p . However, in some tests' conditions l z p detected more aberrant individuals than N-PFS for longer tests. The results indicate that N-PFS outperformed P-PFS in most of the test conditions.


The utility model provides a sealing cable for an electric diving pump, which comprises core cables, fillers and a protective sleeve, wherein the core cables are wrapped inside an insulation sleeve; the fillers are arranged among the core cables; and the protective sleeve is tightly sleeved on the insulation sleeve. The sealing cable is characterized in that the insulation sleeve and the core cables positioned inside the protective sleeve are disconnected and fixed into a whole through running tin. As the disconnected core cables inside the protective sleeve are fixedly connected into a whole through the running tin, the sealing cable removes gaps among the core cables, prevents water from transmitting into a motor through the gaps of the core cables, wraps the protective sleeve in sealing manner, removes gaps among between the protective sleeve and the fillers, among the fillers and among the fillers and the core cables, stops the water outside a motor winding lead wire and a cable connector lug, ensures sealing of the motor and greatly prolongs the service life of the motor.


Numerical simulations are conducted on the penetration of an L/D=5 long-rod and different ideal segment-rod into steel targets by ANSYS/LS-DYNA3D. The Lagrangian method and Johnson-Cook constitutive model are coupled in simulations. The comparative analysis indicates that the dominant contribution to the depth of penetration (DOP) of a segment-rod is due to the phase III nonsteady stage rather than the phase II quasi-steady penetration stage, which is dominant in long rod penetration. The effect of segment length and the gap distance on DOP are especially analyzed. The aspect ratio and gap distance of a segment do not affect DOP monotonically increasing or decreasing, instead there exists an optimal parameter region.


The research status,types and development trend of digging machines at home and abroad are introduced and an overall introduction to the design of a new backpack digger is made.


This research aims at finding out how the quality of interference license service at Integrated Licensing Service Agency, Palu. The types of data used are primary data and secondary data. The techniques of the data collection were observations, interviews, documentations, and triangulation. The informants were taken by using purposive sampling technique. The data analysis used in this research is a model of Miles and Huberman, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The theory used is the theory of Zethmal, Parasuraman and Berry, which consists of 5 (five) dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy assurance. Based on the results of the research, it is concluded that the quality of Interference License Service / HO on Integrated Licensing Service Agency Palu, is not maximum. First; tangibles dimension, the infrastructure is inadequate as lacking the breadth of the lounge and the available seats are not in accordance with the number of applicants, as well as the number of public toilets which are inadequate. But in terms of the officers' appearance and neatness, it is categorized as good. Second; reliability dimension, the ability of the officers in using tools is very good, but the service provided do not fully refer to the operational procedure standard. Third; responsiveness dimension, the response of the officers in receiving applicants' complaint has been very good, but the speed in completing the issuance of licenses is not maximal. Fourth; assurance dimension, the guarantee given by the officers to the applicants has not been on time. But the license fee has been imposed in accordance with applicable regulations. Fifth; empathy dimension, the service provided is not discriminatory and service providing is always polite and friendly. Thus, of the five dimensions of service quality above, there are still some sub dimensions that need to be fixed, so that the quality of the services provided can be maximized.


Natural hazards have a significant impact on social and economic life, causing great material and human losses and stopping human activities in a short period of time (Ozzy, 2011). Avalanche is one of these natural hazards that annually inflicts heavy casualties on the world's transportation systems, especially in mountainous areas. This phenomenon is rapid and sudden, and its onset usually begins with mechanical breakage in a snowy brick at altitudes and places where temperature changes are in the range of zero degrees. This phenomenon occurs when the force of gravity on the snow mass overcomes the friction between it and the amplitude surface. Sometimes, this happens gradually and with the weight of the snow mass on the amplitude. In general, the avalanche is the result of the action and reaction of the avalanche triangle, i.e. snow cover, weather, and terrestrial effects (Fredston and Fesler, 1994). In general, the factors influencing the occurrence of avalanches are classified into two categories: natural causes and human causes. Natural causes include climatic conditions, vegetation, and geomorphological characteristics of the area. Temperature, precipitation, wind, and season (time) are some of the climatic factors influencing the avalanche. Temperature has a direct effect on melting snow and reducing its resistance. The need for an avalanche is the presence of a mass of snow and ice as a result of snowfall. After the snowfall, the wind stimulates the snow and moves it, accumulating it and forming large masses of snow, and sometimes causing the avalanche to start moving (Beyrudian, 2003). Sustainable Earth Review


Profound effect on interior control of enterprise has been brought by the rapid development of network accounting.Along with the automatization of operation flow and the expansion of interior control,the factors of interior control change unitary operation control into combination of operation and information system control;while information exchange and communication are more convenient,the risk of information distortion is increased.Therefore,we should strengthen the conventional control of the network accounting environment;intensify the security of network accounting system;enhance the audit and correctness of accounting information;and improve the HR professional morality education of network accounting.


This invention concerns a process for comminuting and drying brown coal (RK) in which the brown coal undergoes at least two steps of comminution (2, 7) and is dried in an indirectly heated fluidized bed dryer (9). At least one comminution step takes place before the fluidized bed drying. The exhaust vapours are then drawn off the fluidized bed dryer via a dust separator (14). To reduce the expense involved in comminution, the exhaust vapors (B) from the fluidized bed drying (9) are used as sifter vapor (4) for a sorting of comminuted brown coal (3) and the fine material from this sorting does not undergo any further comminution.


Carrying out medical humanities quality education in comprehensive colleges and universities has obvious advantages in multidisciplinary resources. This article combines the characteristics of a comprehensive university, from education concepts, and top-level design of goal design, strategic design, control and execution, teaching planning, etc., to propose a series of medical humanities construction plans that meet the characteristics of universities. It is proposed to break the narrow professional barriers in the past and broaden the professional caliber, from the design and planning of the teaching system to the operation of multi-resource cooperation, from the function of cultural education to the practice of students' human emotions, to maximize the humanities of medical students.


The analytical potentialities of the simple spectra emitted by the rare earth elements when ethanol solutions of their perchlorates are aspirated into fuel-rich, oxyacetylene flames are evaluated. The sensitivities of detection of the strongest lines are tabulated and data showing the application of these spectra to the analysis of complex rare earth mixtures are presented. The relative standard deviations for these analyses ranged from plus or minus 1.3 to 3.7% of the amount present. (auth)


The Early Childhood Education was introduced in the school trajectory with the
objective of promoting the integral development of the child. Being offered in
kindergartens and preschools, it can be of public or private origin, offered for children
from 0 to 6 years of age. With the Law of Directives and Base of Education 9394/96,
it gives us guarantee of the participation of Physical Education integrated in the
curriculum of Infantile Education that has a great role also in the development of the
child through ludic activities. Playfulness is understood as leisure and recreation. It
has been used as a pedagogical tool, offering great contributions to different levels of
Education. The present research, Playfulness in Early Childhood Education, has the
general objective with the following proposals to investigate how the phenomenon of
Playfulness is approached in the education of infantile education in the light of
academic texts in order to think in the direction that such debates took; specific
objectives to analyze the contributions of playfulness in Physical Education classes
for Early Childhood Education. Methodology is qualitative, of the type bibliographical
research, which according to Gil develops from already elaborated materials,
constituted mainly of books and scientific articles. In this perspective, we searched
for articles that dealt with the theme chosen, in the research bases of Academic,
Scielo and in the Brazilian Journal of Sports Sciences, Multidisciplinary Scientific
Magazine Kernel of Knowledge and others, EFDesporte.com Magazine Digital.
Finally, the Physical Education teacher has a great responsibility in Early Childhood
Education, being responsible for carrying out work through Play, using play and
games, performing in a conscious way attending and respecting the needs of
children.


Surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) has been used for direct measurements of the extrinsic surface states within the band gaps of p‐InP (110) and (100) and n‐GaAs(110) before and after Al and Au deposition. The observed metal‐induced surface states are found to pin the Fermi level at monolayer coverages at Ev+0.83 eV for Au/p‐InP(110), Ev+1.10 eV for Al/p‐InP(110), Ec−0.94 eV for Au/n‐GaAs(110), and Ec−0.80 eV for Al/n‐GaAs(110). The Au/Al/p‐InP(110) structure, studied for the first time using SPS provides evidence of strong Al clustering upon the InP surface. Chemically etched and UHV‐cleaved p‐InP surfaces and Au interfaces are also compared. The correlation between the observed energy state positions and electrically measured Schottky barrier heights is discussed.


Abstract Complementary variational principles associated with the boundary-value problem ∇2φ = f(φ) in ∇,φ = φ0 on the boundary of ∇, are presented. The theory is applied to the Thomas–Fermi equation in quantum mechanics and the Liouville equation in equilibrium statistical mechanics.


AbstractFifty-six samples of an historic pigment collection were examined. A great number of the pigments are standard colours of the early nineteenth century, such as emerald green, chrome green, Prussian blue, Naples yellow, mummy, and sepia. Many pigments are extended with inert fillers, mainly barytes and gypsum. However some rare or unusual pigments were also detected. Among these are orange antimony sulphide and a green artificial basic copper sulphate of brochantite structure.


here are many variables that affect the performance of employees at work place. These variables include working hours, trainings, communication barriers, stress and financial rewards. Financial rewards and trainings have positive impact on the performance of the employees but stress, working hours and communication barriers hinders the performance of the employees. This study is quantitative in nature and will see the effect of these variables in the banking sector of Pakistan focusing Faisalabad banks as a sample based on 200 employees. The study will be analyzed by applying multiple regression analysis using SPSS software because there are 5 independent variables and their affects have to be seen on the performance of the employees which is the sole dependent variable.


IN A WORLD IN WHICH WHO HAS THE INFORMATION ALSO HAS POWER, EDUCATION IS THE KEY ELEMENT IN SUCCEEDING . IN A SOCIETY WHICH LACKS MANY, WITH A PRECARIOUS ECONOMY AND AN POLITICAL AND FINANCIAL UNCERTAINTY, NATIONAL AND AUTHENTIC VALUES ARE BARELY KEPT AND CHERISHED. UNFAITHFUL COMPETITION IS EVERYWHERE, WE GROW UP IN A SYSTEM LAWS ARE APPLIED TO THOSE WHO DON'T BENEFIT FROM HIGH FUNCTIONS AND A GOOD MATERIAL STATUS, A SYSTEM IN WHICH THOSE WHO HAVE THE POWER AFFRONT THE OTHERS, IN WHICH OPULENCE IS PROMOTED THROUGH ALL MEDIA CHANNELS AND A STAR IS A PERSON WHO HAS GAINED POWER THROUGH ANY MEANS. WE SEE AT TV ARRESTS MADE BECAUSE SOME PEOPLE TOOK BRIBE, INVESTED IN FUNCTIONS ON POLITICAL CRITERIONS OR "FRIENDSHIP" OR EVEN WORSE, FOR SERVICES GUARANTEED BY THE STATE. IN SUCH A SOCIETY IT IS VERY HARD TO SUCCEED DUE TO THE FACT THAT FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS ARE GUARANTEED ONLY ON PAPER...HUNDREDS OF CHILDREN FROM THE RURAL ARE WALK KILOMETERS IN ORDER TO GO TO SCHOOL, THOUSANDS FROM CITIES CANNOT AFFORD MEDITATIONS ,SCHOOL MANUALS, CERTAIN ACTIVITIES, VISITS TO MUSEUMS ,ETC. THE TEMPTATION OF HAVING SUCCESS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AND VERY EASY IS VERY HIGH, BUT NO SOCIETY WILL DEVELOP WITHOUT EDUCATION! IT IS A PROBLEM OF THE SOCIETY IN WHICH WE LIVE, WE PROMOTE NON-VALUES AND LIVE IN DECEPTION. IT IS A VICIOUS CIRCLE ON WHICH WE SHOULD MEDITATE, NO MATTER WHAT POSITION OR FUNCTION YOU HAVE, BECAUSE YOU CANNOT KNOW IF YOU OR YOUR CHILDREN WILL ALWAYS BE POWERFUL OR DISADVANTAGED. EDUCATION AND SCHOOL IS THE ONLY WEAPONS WITH WHOM WE CAN RIGHTLY FIGHT IN LIFE, IT IS THE WAY TOWARDS PROGRESS.


AIM To study the mechanism of Wenshen No1 in the treatment of Shen and Yan deficiency of CRF mice model fed with Adenine. MOTHODS SD rats were fed with adenine to establish Shen and Yan deficiency of CRF. The serum bun and creatinine were measured by automatic biochmistry analysor; We have examed the T value in plasma of male rats with radioimmunoassay; MC was measured by meibiaoyi method, and observed the renal patholoyical lesions. RESULTS Wenshen NO1 decreased the serum content of Bun,Cr,Urinary protein excretion remarkably,and relieved the renal fibrosis of mice models fed with adenine;Which would increase MC, no level accordingly. CONCLUSION Wenshen No 1 had protective and cure effects on Shen and Yan deficiency of CRF fed with adenine; decreased total glomerular lesion, and cellular immunity was not impaired, thus slowing down the progress of CRF.


IN the symposium on the controversy over monetary policy, which I was privileged to read in proof, I was impressed by the great difference in practical approach to vital problems which derives from relatively small differences in emphasis among the writers. With much of what the distinguished participants in the symposium have said I am in agreement. There is also a great deal on which I differ, but I shall not take space here to discuss my disagreements. I firmly believe, however, that an airing of conflicting views in a professional publication is a valuable way to develop an area of agreement among economists, which can then be safely trodden by legislators and administrators. I agree emphatically with Friedman that economists must think things out on their merits without regard to political feasibility. Considerations of expediency not only tend to interfere with processes of thought (of the writer as well as of the reader) but also diminish the degree of reliance that legislators and administrators are likely to place on the experts' recommendations. When economists venture into politics, they are apt to cease being good economists and yet to fall far short of being good politicians. Paul Douglas may be an exception which confirms the rule. I wonder how many of the participants would accept the following propositions to which I subscribe. i. Monetary policy has some effect on economic stability, though the magnitude of this effect and the economic price that must be paid for it are controversial. 2. Limitations on the effectiveness of monetary policy are equally applicable to fiscal policy. In fact, in broader terms, they are two aspects of the monetary approach and must both contend with powerful non-monetary factors. 3. Direct controls do not attack the causes of inflation but only moderate its effects. If promptly imposed and effectively administered, they are useful in holding the line while methods of attacking inflation at its source are being adopted and put into operation. 4. The size and urgency of government outlays in a modern war and in preparedness are such as to subject a free market economy to a strain that it may not be able to support without losing its character as a market mechanism. Among the participants in the symposium there are vast differences in approach, in analysis, in emphasis, and in proposed programs of action, but I am most interested in determining what area of agreement could be established. In the light of the four propositions stated above, what would be a feasible program for monetary authorities to pursue? It is clear that in an inflationary period they must not contribute freely to a growth in the money supply. Whatever the extent of its influence, it is a factor that cannot be disregarded, and it is the direct (and principal) field of responsibility of monetary authorities. They can have only an indirect and relatively minor influence on the intensity of use of the existing supply of money and must look to other institutions and groups for most of what can be done to influence it. In regulating the supply of money monetary authorities must operate principally, almost exclusively, through bank reserves. This point, in my judgment, is not sufficiently emphasized in the symposium. The rate of interest as such is not effective in controlling money creation over the short run in an inflationary situation. Shortage of reserves at the disposal of banks, on the other hand, results in much more restrictive lending practices. Lerner does not like this, and many other economists think that this argument evades the real issue, which they believe revolves around the interest rate. It is true that money is practically always procurable at some rate (though not necessarily for all applicants). Monetary policy, however, deals not with absolutes but with day-to-day realities. A bank having no 1 S. E. Harris, L. U. Chandler, M. Friedman, A. H. Hansen, A. P. Lerner, and J. Tobin, "The Controversy over Monetary Policy," this REVIEW, XXXIII (I95I), PP. I79-200.


Purpose: It is very important to evaluate and fix coronoid process fractures because they are a critical element for a stable, effective elbow function. The lateral view of the elbow joint is used for a radiographic evaluation of the coronoid but an understanding of the fracture pattern is often difficult because of overlap of the radial head and obliquity of the fracture line. We developed the coronoid view, which is a new radiograph for an evaluation of the coronoid process fracture, and discuss its advantages for a postoperative follow-up. Materials and Methods: The coronoid view was designed for an evaluation of the anteromedial fragment of the coronoid process. After the patient sat on his side, the shoulder was abducted and the elbow was flexed . The X-ray beam was shot perpendicular to the table. Since shoulder was abducted the fracture line of the coronoid process can be parallel to the X-ray beam, and the radial head can be cleared. Conclusion: The coronoid view can be a good alternative radiograph for an evaluation of a coronoid process fracture because the beam is parallel to the fracture line. The coronoid view can be particularly useful in postoperative patient follow-up where computed tomography is impractical due to metal implants and cost.


A least squares technique for estimating the loadings that additional/new variables might receive on factors derived in an analysis of a different set of variables was adopted for use with a recently proposed methodological revision of Ekman's "content" model of multidimensional similarity analysis. An experiment was then conducted in which psychologist-judges directly estimated the degree of perceived similarity between their particular viewpoints with respect to "personality" and 15 well-known personality theories. The procedure was used to locate the psychologists in the four-dimensional space previously constructed to account for the rated similarities among the same theories.


Author(s): Madsen-Steigmeyer, Tara | Advisor(s): Tsutsui, Neil D | Abstract: This dissertation considers insect ecology from two perspectives, at two scales of space and time, using two different methodologies. In the first chapter, I investigate the direct interactions between plants and insects through plant defenses against herbivory. I explore the effect of plant exposure to natural smoke on herbivore growth, using the model system Nicotiana attenuata and Manduca sexta. Despite finding no effect in these tests, I believe that the mechanisms for potential impacts of smoke exposure on plant defenses are convincing enough to warrant further study.In the second and third chapters, I investigate the geographic patterns of genomic diversity in an herbivorous insect that underwent a dramatic host switch to become an important invasive agricultural pest. The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, is one of the most successful insect pests of agriculture. However, its evolutionary origins as an insect pest of potato remain unclear. I conducted reduced genome sequencing using RADseq on samples collected from across the proposed native range of Mexico and from the East Coast of the USA in the introduced range. I describe the geographic population structure of the beetle, examine the genomic diversity across the samples, and conduct a phylogenomic analysis.


This paper deals with the influence of different levels of three pectins, low-methylated pectin (LMP), high-methylated pectin (HMP), and low-methylated and amidated pectin (LMA), on the in vitro ga...


Objective To observe the effect of remifentanil-sevoflurane anesthesia on patients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy surgery. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ patients undergoing elective gynecologic laparoscopic surgery were randomly assigned into two groups (n=30): group R (treated with remifentanil and sevoflurane) and group F (treated with fentanyl and sevoflurane). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before anesthesia induction (T0), after induction before intubation (T1), right after intubation (T2), right after pneumoperitoneum (T3), when sewing skin (T4), the end of operation (T5), and during extubation (T6), respectively. The spontaneous breathing recovery time, open eyes when calling (consciousness recovery) time, extubation time, the incidence of 24 h nausea, vomiting, and intraoperative awareness were also recorded. Results MAP was lower in group F than that in group R at T1 (P0.05), MAP and HR were higher in group F than that in group R at T2 and T3 (P0.05), MAP and HR increased more significantly in group R than that in group F at T6 (P0.05). The spontaneous breathing recovery time, open eyes when calling (consciousness recovery) time, and extubation time were significantly shorter in group R than that in group F (P0.05). Conclusion Remifentanil-sevoflurane anesthesia for gynaecological laparoscopy surgery has the advantage of rapid emergence and more stable hemodynamics.


Abstract This issue sees the Emerald Group join the journal as a partner and includes five papers about innovation and two general pieces. The introduction to the theme of innovation reviews international and Latin American literature and analyzes Latin American patents in the USA. There is a study of university patents in Mexico from 1995 to 2009, as well as a case study of two new technology companies in Brazil and the positive role played in their development by a family conglomerate which filled the institutional voids around them. A data analysis is conducted on the dissemination of eight electronic products in the nine largest Latin American countries, and econometric studies look at agro‐industrial marketing in Chile. Another paper examines the effect of adopting new international accounting laws (IFRS) on the quality of information provided by companies in the Chilean market. Finally, the paper examines the influence of managerial perceptions on the strategic responses adopted by four Colombian or...


The magneto‐optic polar Kerr rotation for various GdTb‐TM thin films was measured at room temperature as a function of TM composition and was found to correlate with the Slater–Pauling curve. In spite of the fact that the temperature dependence of magnetization is a complicating factor, the data clearly establish the above‐mentioned correlation. The TM compositions ranged from Mn through Fe and Co to Ni. The Fe‐based films had Curie temperatures covering a range from 100 to 300 °C in contrast to the Co‐based films whose Curie temperatures were clearly much greater than 300 °C. Neither the Mn‐ nor the Ni‐based films exhibited desirable magneto‐optic activity when fabricated under the same conditions as the Fe‐ and/or Co‐based films. When the Fe constituent of the GdTbFe films was gradually substituted with Mn or Co the room‐temperature magneto‐optic signal was found to decrease and increase, respectively. In a similar manner, when the Co constituent of GdTbCo films was gradually substituted with Fe or Ni t...


This study aims to investigate a nonlinear reading process on the Internet and how it affects students' reading comprehension performance. When reading webpages, readers click a hyperlink and then they are on a different webpage. The webpages on the Internet consist of graphics, sounds, pictures, texts and animation. Readers acquire information in scattered bits and pieces rather in a textual whole. Their eyes move in a circular motion. According to Ojala (2000), online reading is a non-linear activity. Therefore, how did students perform when reading on the Internet and on the paper? Were there any differences? A total of twenty-six students from a comprehensive university in northern Taiwan participated in this study. The results show that participants achieved higher scores in the reading comprehension test on the paper than they did on the Internet. The major difficulties they experienced were that (a) their eyes became tired, (b) they could not take notes or underline any words or texts on computer screens, and (c) there were too many unknown words. Findings and conclusions from this study may serve as implications and suggestions for Web designers and language teachers.


While nearly 30 percent of the fuel energy is lost as waste heat in the form of hot exhaust gases, exhaust heat recovery promises one of the biggest fuel economy potential regarding the technologies available in the next decade. Applied to heavy commercial vehicles (HCVs), buses or off road vehicles, a bottoming Rankine Cycle (RC) on exhaust heat shows a great potential in recovering the exhaust gases energy, even for part loads. The objective of this paper is to illustrates the interest in assessing the uncertainty of this kind of systems for getting a robust prediction of the associated numerical model. In particular, the focus here is on the simulation of a piston expander for exhaust heat recovery. Uncertainties associated to the experimental measurements are propagated through the numerical code by means of uncertainty quantification techniques. Several sources of uncertainties are taken into account at the same time, thus yielding various indications concerning the most predominant parameters, and their influence on several quantities of interest, such as the mechanical power, the mass flow and the exhaust temperature.


Resource Based View is an important issue correlate to funding source preferences in welfareof the society. There are research gap about the limited study to focus anteceden empowermentprocess toward increase ability society.The concept needs to be clarified by empirical fact.Therefore, this research proposed "a research problem": how define the process of improvinga society ability through developing human capital, empowerment process and subject ability.The research object is the society Sumber Rahayu Central Java. The method sampling usesthe non-probability method. The sample of this research includes 104 persons. Statisticalanalysis was used to analyse this data. Descriptive statistic used to describe specificationof the characteristics being investigated. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) of SmartPartial Least Square statistical software package was used in modeling and hypothesistesting. Result indicates resource potential changing into a source advantage. The implicationfrom this research contributed in relationship between human capital, empowerment processand society ability.Keyword: Resource, Empowerment, Human Capital, Society Ability


> What must it say about me
>
> That my poetry is published in
>
> Neurology ?
>
> I suppose it is better than if my
>
> Science
>
> Were published in
>
> The Yale Review .

> What must it say about me
>
> That even those of my patients with
>
> Signs of their symptoms
>
> Have complaints


AUTHORS: "Hydrologist, U.S. Geological Survey, 3039 Amwiler Road, Suite 130, Peachtree Business Center, Atlanta, GA 30360-2824; and 2/Principal Engineer, Gwinnett County Department of Public Utilities, Lawrenceville, GA 30045-5012 REFERENCE: Proceedings of the 2001 Georgia Water Resources Conference, held March 26 -27, 2001, at The University of Georgia, Kathryn J. Hatcher, editor, Institute of Ecology, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.


Background:
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib, in combination with gemcitabine, has been shown to be a promising therapy in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Our previous study showed that DJ-1 promotes invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells by activating SRC/ERK/uPA. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether silencing DJ-1 expression can sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to erlotinib treatment.
METHODS:
Knockdown of DJ-1 expression, combined with erlotinib treatment, was performed in the pancreatic cancer cell lines BxPC-3, PANC-1 and MiaPACa-2. Cell proliferation was assessed with the CCK-8 assay and BrdU incorporation, while apoptosis was measured using terminal deoxynucleotidyl ransferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling. RAS activity and activation of the downstream pathways involving AKT and ERK1/2 were explored to determine the underlying mechanism.
RESULTS:
Knockdown of DJ-1 expression accelerated erlotinib-induced cell apoptosis, and improved the inhibitory effect of erlotinib on pancreatic cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in xenograft tumor growth in vivo . Knockdown of DJ-1 decreased K-RAS expression, membrane translocation, and activity in BxPC-3 cells. Knockdown of DJ-1 also decreased K-RAS, H-RAS, and N-RAS expression in PANC-1 and MiaPACa-2 cells. Knockdown of DJ-1 synergistically inhibited AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation with erlotinib in pancreatic cancer cells.
CONCLUSIONS:
DJ-1 may activate the RAS pathway, reinforcing erlotinib drug resistance. Blocking DJ-1 in combination with the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib may be an attractive therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer.


Examine the monetary information for causing forecasts in securities exchanges by utilizing enormous information to examine and prescribe the client interest in different classification financial exchanges dependent on web media. At the point when a noteworthy occasion happens, numerous
 news stories from various newsagents frequently report it. Additionally, these newsagents likewise give stages to their perusers to compose remarks communicating their perspectives or comprehension. Through processing these peruser remarks, we can pick up bits of knowledge into the responses,
 proposals, individual encounters, or popular sentiments regarding the developing occasion. Be that as it may, these peruser remarks from various sources are frequently quickly gathered bringing about a huge volume. It gets hard to physically break down these remarks. Right now, propose a system
 that can process per user remarks consequently through inert occasion features and news particularity. An occasion feature alludes to the part of the occasion worried by numerous perusers. In particular, a portion of the peruser remarks, in spite of originating from various sources, talk about
 a specific aspect of the occasion. Such features give a compelling way to sort out news remarks in a worldwide way. Then again, a few remarks talk about the particular subject of the relating news story. These particular themes show the particular focal point of perusers on the bit of news
 locally. Such peruser remarks digest in various granularities encourages more profound comprehension of these colossal remarks. To accomplish the above alluring objective of processing peruser remarks, we propose an unaided model called EFNS which is equipped for catching the multifaceted
 fine-grained relationship among occasions, news, and remarks. We additionally build up a multiplicative-update strategy to derive the parameters and demonstrate the intermingling of our calculation. Our system can likewise picture peruser remarks as indicated by the relationship with idle
 occasion aspects and the level of news particularity. Test results show that our proposed EFNS model can give a successful method to process news peruser remarks and beat the best in class strategy.


As the college or the department in the general local university which undertake the main task of mass education,they would orientate themselves from the status and level,quality of students' resource,the need of the applied administration talents and its regional position,these university should"uphold the skill and its application, serves the local region",according to the requirement of"the greatest idea of practice",improving the teaching system of practice constantly.


The book examines the evolving roles of children as colonial apprentices, indentured servants, slaves, and family workers in the state of New York from the colonial period to the mid-nineteenth century. Activities are suggestions only and can be adapted as needed. The chapters examine the impact of many social forces on childrens' lives and households and explore the changing concepts of "child labor." The seven chapters are entitled: (1) "Indentured Servants in the Colonial Period"; (2) "Slavery"; (3) "Apprenticeship"; (4) "Household Production in the Eighteenth Century"; (5) "From Farm to Factory"; (6) "Urban Manufacturing and Sweatshops before 1860"; and (7) "The Civil War Years." (EH) ********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. * *********************************************************************** **PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS TERIAL HAS BEEN RANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC).U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvomern EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) A This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. CI Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.


487 als that have fallen out of the middle class maintain their market affi liation? While the arguments of the book are deliberately stylised, these argument are at their weakest when they do not explain how the rifts among and within the middle classes play out in practice, and under what conditions neoliberal interests are more or less likely to become hegemonic. In many ways, the book achieves what it sets out to do. It is published under the 'Palgrave Provocations' heading, and in it Mau not only asks an important question, he also provides a provocative answer: the middle classes have failed to protect the social-democratic project precisely because it has been so successful. Spoilt by their accomplishments, they have failed to protect the very foundation of their success. And yet, the book buckles under the very tensions it so poignantly describes. In making his arguments, Mau makes no claims to exhaustiveness and he does not attempt to explore variations or heterogeneities. Trading exhaustiveness for an abstracted and suggestive bird's-eye view allows for an apt and compelling description of the contradictions faced by the middle classes. However, this perspective also makes it diffi cult to fully explore the edges and boundary conditions of Mau's argument, leaving the tensions so artfully built up unsatisfyingly unresolved. Christoph Nguyen Free University of Berlin firstname.lastname@example.com


This work investigates the robustness of a stacked or cascoded driver under electrostatic discharge (ESD) events. Using output driver circuits in an actual I/O system with predrivers and rail-based power clamps, the impacts of all possible predriver connections and stacked-driver sizing are examined with the very fast transmission line pulse. It is verified that, when the input of the predriver connected to the top MOSFET is grounded, the failure current (IT2) is improved by ~ 110%, compared to the worst case where both predriver inputs are tied to VDD. Also, a simple trigger circuit which guarantees the electrical connection for better ESD immunity is proposed.


The defence industry is one of the few remaining industrial islands in the sea of the deindustrialized Polish economy. Given the need to conduct a creative industrial policy, which has been imposed through membership of the EU common market, as well as the opportunities that emerge as a consequence of the defence modernization programme of the Polish Armed Forces, that potential should be adequately utilized for the purposes defined by the state's security policy, as well as of the need to rebuild the productive, research and educational potential of the Polish economy. That, in turn, requires not only better procedures (reinstating the government's committee on defence issues) better cadres, as well as an ability to manage an informal network of interdependent interests of the different sectors of economy and administration.


Chickens dying from Eimeria tenella infection revealed four major physiological stresses before death: (1) hypothermia, (2) depletion of carbohydrate stores, (3) metabolic acidosis, and (4) renal tubule-cell dysfunction. These stresses were less pronounced in chickens surviving the infection. Similar stresses could not be demonstrated in pair-feeding trials, in which uninfected chickens were fed only the amount consumed by infected chickens. Prolonged starvation of uninfected chickens only slightly altered the indicators used in assessing the stresses. The variability of previously reported plasma glucose values, in part, may be due to whether the birds tested were those on the verge of death or those that, ultimately, would survive the infection.


Scholars increasingly have argued that the future effectiveness and legitimacy of firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities are dependent on more transparent forms of lobbying to ensure firms' policy positions are aligned with their CSR commitments. Very little empirical work, however, has systematically analyzed firms' lobbying disclosures or examined how these firms coordinate their lobbying and CSR activities. We address these empirical questions by analyzing the CSR reports of 150 corporations from Germany, the UK and the US over an 18‐year period and by conducting interviews with the CSR managers of these firms. We find that corporations have become more transparent about their public policy advocacy over time, thus acknowledging that lobbying is a CSR issue. For most firms, however, this commitment to transparency appears to be largely ceremonial. Few firms disclose the specific policy positions they advocate or sufficiently coordinate the work of their lobbying and CSR units to foster greater alignment of these activities. These modest changes in lobbying transparency appear to be driven by legitimacy concerns and, in a few instances, by governance gaps firms perceive to be relevant to their future business interests.


TiH full review of the problem of tetania parathyreopriva recently published by Thomson and Collip [1932] makes it clear that many points in connection with the biochemical mechanism of the production of tetany remain open to question. Whilst it is universally agreed that the outstanding chemical change to be observed in tetania parathyreopriva is the lowering of the blood-calcium, it is still maintained by some authors that this phenomenon is incidental and is only one result of the general intoxication with guanidine derivatives which they regard as the primary cause of the condition. There is at least no doubt that guanidine derivatives do produce symptoms of tetany, when administered in amounts so small as to indicate that the effect is a genuine intoxication and is not referable to any gross change such as a shift in the acid-base balance of the blood due to the basic character of the guanidine. It is evident that any information as to the actual physiological effect of guanidine may be expected to be of use in elucidating the mechanism of the production of tetany by this substance and in helping to solve the further question as to whether intoxication with guanidine has in fact anything to do with tetania parathyreopriva. The object ofthe present note is to describe the effect ofguanidine derivatives on the respiration of isolated tissues.


Inadequate penetration of antiviral agents through the stratum corneum of the skin may be one of the limiting factors in the topical therapy of recurrent cutaneous herpes simplex virus infections in humans. In vitro studies of the penetration of the nucleoside analog acyclovir (ACV) through guinea pig skin demonstrated a marked increase in drug flux when ACV was formulated in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), compared with water or polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the vehicle. To examine whether the increased transcutaneous flux of ACV effected by DMSO was meaningful in vivo, topical 5% ACV in DMSO was evaluated for the treatment of cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs and compared with topical 5% ACV in PEG. When compared with infection sites treated with the vehicle alone, ACV in DMSO produced a greater percent reduction than did ACV in PEG in median lesion number (8 versus 58%; P less than 0.001), median lesion area (35 versus 73%; P = 0.001), and median lesion virus titer (21 versus 84%; P = 0.08). We conclude that DMSO is a highly effective vehicle for topical administration of ACV and is superior to PEG in our model. Careful choice of vehicle and consideration of transcutaneous penetration may be important for realization of the full potential of topical antiviral therapy in humans.


A new approach to achieving volt-var control through the use of fast-acting distributed hybrid power electronics devices at the grid edge is proposed. It is shown that there is a missing layer of control at the grid edge which the conventional approaches do not address. Through field demonstration of 91, 10 kVAR devices on a 13 kV, 6 MW feeder, up to 5% CVR, 72% reduction in voltage volatility, 80% reduction in voltage unbalance and feeder level dynamic var control using the proposed grid edge control is presented.


Two university education courses were converted from face-to-face delivery to a blended learning delivery model. Ideally the conversion took place to leverage new pedagogical understandings and new technologies to improve student learning. The redesign of the courses also came about for economic and scheduling reasons. The result of this conversion was the creation of two new blended learning courses that were designed to be learner centered, constructivist, and reflective. In theory, two different courses were created demonstrating the possibilities available when applying theoretical practices to course redesign. In practice, this allowed pre-service teachers to experience a pedagogically appropriate course that they can use as a model later in their own professional practice. It also emphasized the importance of giving learners control of their learning, their time and valuing their input into course design.


We report a case of a 50-year-old male admitted to the Endocrinology Unit because of persistent headaches, nausea, feeling tired, sudden weight loss, cold intolerance, decreased appetite, and lack of sex interest. Diagnostic workup showed a 6-millimeter pituitary tumor without signs of compression, and a condition of progressive panhypopituitarism. After 12 months of hormone replacement therapy, the patient was hospitalized because of sudden weight gain, periorbital-peripheral edema, severe dyslipidemia, hypertension, and proteinuria. Corticosteroid therapy was shifted from oral to continuous intravenous infusion, and once the diagnosis of "immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis with mesangial deposits suggestive for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type IIIIgG4-positive" was made, the immunosuppressant mycophenolate (1500 mg/day) was started. After a 6-month follow-up, the complete resolution of renal symptoms was accompanied by the disappearance of a pituitary lesion and the patient was back to prior hormone replacement therapy. Autoimmune hypophysitis (AH) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disease of the pituitary gland that can impair hormone secretion and function. IgG4-hypophysitis is rare and is usually associated with other IgG4-related diseases. Herein, we describe a rare case of AH associated with late renal disease, and without any other organ involvement.


To study the theoretical methodology of Barcelona and Kerala. After that, research if all teams are achieving this. The next step is to take measures about how coordinate are teams and to study a successful case of team coordination and try to extrapolate to other teams. While during the project if new methodology ideas appear, it can be possible to test it.


Chytridiomycosis is a catastrophic disease currently decimating worldwide amphibian populations, caused by the panzootic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Massive species decline to extinction catalyzes radical changes in ecosystems globally, including the largest continuous rainforest ecosystem on Earth, the Amazon rainforest. Innovative research that aims to propose feasible mechanisms of mitigation and the origins of the disease is vital, including studies addressing climatic effects on the expansion of chytridiomycosis. Thus, this publication aims to provide a comprehensive review of: i) the current technologies used for B. dendrobatidis detection and monitoring, and ii) the known Neotropical amphibian's skin microbiota with anti-fungal properties against B. dendrobatidis. Several immunologic and DNA-based methods are discussed to understand the emerging fungal pathogens and their effects on the biosphere, which can help to mitigate the devastating ecological impacts of mass amphibian morbidity. The establishment of rapid and highly accurate B. dendrobatidis detection techniques and methods for monitoring amphibian's cutaneous microbiome is crucial in the fight against chytridiomycosis.


Aim To investigate the survival and differentiation of mesechymal stem cells(MSC) in infarcted myocardium induced by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine(5-aza-CdR) and their effects on infarction-induced heart failure of rats.The chronic development was also studied. Methods MSC of Wistar rat were cultured in vitro and the second passage MSC were incubated together with 5-aza-CdR(0.3 μmol/L) for twice.Then the induced MSC labeled with bromodeoxyuridine(BrdU) were transplanted into the infarcted myocardium of rats in the model of infarction-induced heart failure.The rats receiving serum-free medium injection were used as controls.Before transplantation and 1,2,3 month(s) after transplantation,the parameters of heart function,such as ejection fraction(EF),were examined by echocardiography and the survival and differetiation of transplanted MSC were observed by double-lable immunohistochemistry and electric microscope.Chronic changes were observed for 3 months. Results One month after transplantation,the EF value of MSC transplanted group(83.3%±8.1%,n=13)was higher than that of control group(47.2%±11.8%,n=12)(P0.01).The heart function of MSC transplanted group was also improved compared with that before transplantation(EF=64.3%±10.4%,P0.01).The heart function of MSC transplanted group sustained during 3 months' observation.The EF value was 83.1%±14.4%(n=7) and 86.3%±3.7%(n=6) respectively 2 and 3 months after transplantation.While in serum-free medium transplanted group,the EF value was 51.6%±11.2%(n=6) and 49.1%±7.7%(n=6) respectively 2 and 3 months after transplantation.There was significant difference between two groups 2 and 3 months after transplantation(P0.01).The Transplanted cells were survival in myocardial scar.Double-lable immunohistochemistry showed that BrdU and TroponinT of them were positive.Electric microscope showed that they had some peculiarity of cardiomyocytes 1 month after transplantation.But the nuclear was big and the cytoplasm was little.No sarcomeres and Z-bands could be found.3 months after transplantation,Z-bands could be found in the transplanted cells. Conclusion 5-aza-CdR induced MSC could improve the function in infarction-induced heart failure of rats,and the effect could sustain during 3 months' observation.They could survive in the infarct scar of rats and differentiate into cardiomyocytes gradually.


To examine e‐cigarette use by adults who smoke or have recently quit, and demographic characteristics associated with their use; to assess reasons for using e‐cigarettes.


The display device displays the first image in the odd-numbered horizontal lines along the forward and reverse directions of the display panel in the first section of the display panel and the frame including a plurality of horizontal lines, and the display panel in the second section of the frame of the forward and the reverse therefore it includes a panel driving unit for displaying the second image in the even-numbered horizontal lines. The panel-drive section based on the received image data to control the first clock signal and even-numbered gate signal for controlling the forward control signal is a first vertical start signal, a reverse control signal of the second vertical start signal, the odd-numbered gate signal first and a gate driver for outputting the gate signal to the gate line of the timing controller and the display panel 2 to generate a clock signal. Accordingly, there can case of displaying a horizontal stripe pattern image, by changing the output order of the gate signal to minimize the output data converted in the data driver to improve the heat generation of the data driver.


Alternative country (or alt.country) offers to its listeners a complex juxtaposition of punk and country aesthetics and sentiments, rendering music that is considered to be a heartfelt, rustic, and authentic alternative to mainstream popular music. This suggests an expansive genre style, with ever-shifting musical parameters, as well as potential for negotiation regarding the genre's seminal artists. Thus, alt.country is primarily understood and organised in relation to the lofty concept of authenticity, usually prior to musical or lyrical considerations. The genre therefore offers an illuminating approach to considering the socially constructed and negotiated demarcations of genre. Although genre is often perceived to be unmovable and absolute, every announcement of a genre and its associated performance works to change the fabric of the genre itself. Despite this, genre facilitates common expectations between audience members, offering a shortcut to understanding particular musical events and their relation to one another. The appearance of authenticity is a cornerstone of the alt.country genre. Genuine characteristics, lived experience, and emotion are highly valued within the alt.country subculture. Authenticity too is dependent on changing social conceptions of the term and what it actually means to be 'authentic'. Attempts by No Depression, the genre's coalescing magazine, to guide the audience's perceptions of authenticity are frequent, but not always successful, supporting the assertion that individuals have their own socially-informed and nuanced understanding of the concept. Notions of authenticity contribute to Pierre Bourdieu's concept of cultural capital. Alt.country possesses its own world view, characteristics and knowledge which are valuable and exchangeable within this setting. There too exists a visible hierarchy. Within the genre, a knowledge of a wide array of music (country or otherwise), dressing in the right clothes and generally appearing unkempt, unpolished and unprofessional all results in high amounts of cultural capital. Musicians and the audience alike must play into and contribute to these values to be given the right to be part of this community. Traditionally within popular music, the critic has acted as an intermediary, between the music and the listener, communicating the specifities of cultural capital and the music's value (or otherwise). Their vast and superior musical knowledge (capital) places them in this respected position. No Depression's critics though must put this traditional dynamic aside, instead adopting a self-effacing, unprofessional tone, thus contributing to the genre's characteristics to subsequently retain respect and continue to have authority within this subculture. Alt.country functions as a self-knowing community. The music maintains a preoccupation with both American ruralities, and the vices and people that bind them to everyday urban life. Rural geographies and the glorious escape to the country is portrayed as an absolute point of freedom, offering what they currently lack. This ignores the often harsh realities of rural sustenance. The appeal of this music to the audience is similarly located. Physical escape to the country is not practical (and often not wanted), so these desires are played out as a fantasy within alt.country and its lyrical tropes. It offers emotional resonance for its audience, making the genre highly affective, despite both the audience's and musicians' urban realities. These contradictions suggest the underlying complexities of making ironic yet emotionally connected music in the postmodern age. It is acknowledged that authenticity is produced and constructed, yet alt.country can still provide a sense of comfort, solace, and escape.


Previously Permana and Miyata (2012) have constructed the partial and the general equilibrium model to analyze residential land use pattern in Palangkaraya city, Indonesia. The models could provide a scientific explanation regarding the manner in which the illegal settlements come into being in Palangkaraya city, Indonesia. Differing from Fujita`s model (Fujita, 1989), the models took into account land heterogeneity and stochastic flood occurrences leading to incorporation of the expected flood damage rate to households` assets into the models. This attempt never appears in traditional urban economics models, being highlighted among others. Furthermore, in contrast to the partial equilibrium model, the general equilibrium model, in particular, considered strong agglomeration economy which works in a Central Business District, thus many firms want to concentrate in it, as observed in many cities. Applying the model, one can derive the conclusion that the bid rents by low income households get higher than those by high income households in flood prone areas. And as a result, a residential land use pattern then is depicted in which low income household occupy the flood prone areas while high income households reside the normal land. This is a contrary conclusion being highlighted as compared with that in the traditional urban economics. Moreover, conducting numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that development of supreme utility at surrounding rural areas would take significant effect to recover the flood prone areas to be more open space. This paper, in particular, deals with numerical simulations on the model by employing empirical and statistical data of Palangkaraya city, hence the bid rent curve, the bid max lot size, the density and policy recommendations can be rendered. The paper is organized as follows: Section 1 is aimed for introduction. Section 2 is aimed for development of the general equilibrium model. Section 3 discusses numerical simulation results. And finally section 4 is aimed for conclusions. JEL Classification: R14, O18, D50