MasterCAM software is the CAD/CAM software used wildly in the field of NC process and design of mechanical product and moulds.When using the software,creat the CAD model of the pictures,choose rational machining method,it can simulate processing and can do NC program code automatically through post used directly in NC process,which realized the engraving of picture.


Today, many Russian companies are faced with such problems as: the growth of the counterparties ' failure to pay significant receivables, increasing the risks of lending; specify foreign clients on the purchase of goods on open account. Accounts receivable is an important component of working capital. Accounts receivable management is a flexible tool in the hands of managers. The involvement of money in circulation will lead to increased turnover and improved financial performance of companies. Factoring in this case is an active problem solving tool. He is promising and is the most adapted to the contemporary processes of economic development


The existence of Samin tribe community still becomes a great concern to study. As its identity is unique, independent, and specific in local genius, Samin community is rich in studies with sociology and anthropology perspectives or social anthropology field. This research depicted the animism and religius symbols of thanksgiving ceremony of SaminJepang community, Margomulyo District, Bojonegoro Regency. Samin Jepang Margomulyo is different from other Samin communities in some cities such as Blora, Kudus, Pati, etc. The main distinction is on the existence of MbahHardjoKardi who is sacred by Samin convention as the indigenous leader of Samin generation 4. Since the research aimed at understanding Samin community, the framework for analyzing data employed constructivism theories such as phenomenology, symbolic interaction, and social reality construction. The research method was ethnography, while the data collection technique involved participant and non-participant observation, in depth interview, and document analysis. The data analysis used the stages of description, analysis, and interpretation. The research result indicated that the religious system of Samin community is pantheism or a blend between Animism, Hinduism, and Islam. In short, Samin belief is Saminism or spiritualism. To connect to God, offerings through thanksgiving ceremony are used as mediation. Samin precept on the symbols of thanksgiving ceremony is very pragmatic, practical, and flexible. The most important things in Samin belief (interpretation given by MbahHardjoKardi as the main informant) are the intention and willingness to conduct thanksgiving ceremony, not on its


Neither the FDIC's recently announced resolution policy for failed financial institutions nor academic studies on systemic risk address the micro-level managerial incentives resulting from the Dodd-Frank Orderly Liquidation Authority's incapacity to respond to simultaneous balance-sheet insolvency rather than temporary illiquidity. By holding correlated asset portfolios and serving as counterparties to similarly situated financial institutions, managers can strategically increase the likelihood of a government bailout rather than receivership under the OLA. Three case studies — Lehman Brothers, AIG, and large European banks' response to the 2011 bail-in proposals — demonstrate the implications of the OLA's shortcomings and the inadequacy of the FDIC's approach. In light of these strategic incentives, the FDIC should modify its intervention policy to respond effectively to illiquidity-driven systemic risk and prudential regulators should work to reduce the likelihood of correlated balance-sheet insolvency.


Summary European corn borer phosphodiesterase is highly activated by (NH4)2SO4 and moderately activated by NH4Cl (pH 7.6, 33°). Vertebrate and crayfish diesterases, on the other hand, are inhibited by (NH4)2SO4. It is likely that (NH4)2SO4 causes some configurational change in the European corn borer phosphodiesterase molecule which results in the exposure of more active sites and hence greater enzyme activity. In in vitro tests caffeine (0.008 M) and theophylline (0.008 M) inhibit phosphodiesterase more effectively in European corn borer larvae than in crayfish, ovine, bovine, or rat tissue.


This work puts forward the theoretical observation that the open circuit voltage (Voc) loss at the illuminated wide band gap side of a PN heterostructure is directly proportional to the band discontinuity of the heterostructure. This photovoltage loss is an effect of photocarrier confinement at the wide band gap side and cannot be detected at the device terminals as a separate measurable voltage. Wrongly illuminating a heterojunction solar cell results in an excess build-up of charge carriers, thus, increasing the electrostatic pressure of the cell.


Bangladesh Betar (BB), the national radio of Bangladesh has been providing extension services to the mostly uneducated Bangladeshi farming communities for the diffusion of modern farm technologies from its very beginning. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of farm programs (FPs) of BB as distance education through assessing its capacity to motivate the farmers. A sample of 465 farmers was surveyed for primary data and the binary logistic regression model was used for data analysis. This study has revealed that those who listen to the FPs of BB were found more likely to adopt modern farm technologies than those who did not listen to the FPs. The concerned authority should take the necessary steps to make the farmers listen to the FPs of BB for educating and motivating them.


The genetic algorithm is employed to optimize the dual frequency matching network for a small size loop antenna. The antenna is optimized to work at 4~5MHz with VSWR less than 2.5 and 30 MHz VSWR less than 1.5, respectively. A real antenna is built and its test results are in good accordance with the calculated ones.


Nearly periodically the topic of internal security appears on the public agenda of the Federal Republic. Election Campaigns are held and elections have been won with the promise of more security [cp. 30, p. 13; 33, p. 10; 2]. The subjective feeling of a lack of security in different dimensions of life is omnipresent. The latest securityand monitoring-acts interfere deeply – and at the same time nearly unnoticed – with the daily life of every single citizen. The debate on crime and internal security is dominated by very emotional and ideological-normative arguments [cp. 18, p. 151]. Objective arguments and evaluations of proportionality are hard to find.


THIS article is devoted to a discussion of the nominal lemmata fibum, "witness," and ku'urrd'um, "compensation," "indemnity"; the verb kags'rum, "to make good," "to compensate," "to indemnify"; and the nouns takiTrum and kusgrum, both meaning "repair." It is justified partly by the incomplete coverage and in part by the inadequate treatment of these lemmata in the current Akkadian dictionaries. The lemma Kfbum, long translated as "elder" even in legal contexts, is now generally taken to mean "witness."' The present treatment of the lemmata kusurrd'um and kagiarum2 is incomplete but generally correct in the current dictionaries. Many of the occurrences of gibum, kas'arum, and kusurrd'um are given, in their legal contexts, in the forthcoming volume on ancient kudurrus (see plates 175-78 and 343, nos. 227-46 and 340). While the post-Ur III lemma taksTrum was entered in MAD 3, p. 121, the lemma ku'Trum was not recognized as Akkadian at the time. Both lemmata are either lacking or, when included, are treated inadequately in the dictionaries.


We show a possible large spin polarization of nuclei produced by one-nucleon transfer reactions predicted by the direct reaction theory. We investigate its origins in terms of the magnetic-sub-state cross sections by decomposing those into near-side and far-side components. The asymmetry of the particle-[gamma] angular correlation followed by decay of the spin-polarized nucleus is also calculated.


Technology of bacterial immobilization could be an alternative for improvement of biological phosphate removal from the wastewater. Immobilization of phosphate accumulating bacteria on suitable carriers offers higher density of bacterial cells and enhanced metabolic activity of desired bacteria in the bioreactors. In addition, immobilized bacteria are better adapted to survive periods of environmental stresses characteristic for wastewater treatment. The perlite, an expanded volcanic rock, and sepiolite, a naturally occurring clay mineral, were tested as carriers of phosphate-accumulating bacterium Acinetobacter junii. All three forms of tested perlite (non-expanded, semi-expanded and expanded) and both forms of tested sepiolite (original and purified) proved to be good carriers of A. junii. Highest number of immobilized bacteria was on the expanded perlite (12.65 × 109 CFU g-1) followed by semi expanded (5.57 × 109 CFU g-1) and non-expanded (1.68× 109 CFU g-1) perlite. The numbers of bacteria immobilized on sepiolite were 8.12 ×109 CFU g-1 on purified form and 5.57 × 109 CFU g-1 on original form of sepiolite. The immobilized bacteria were metabolically active and successfully removed phosphate from the simulative wastewater when incubated in pure culture or in bioaugmented activated sludge. Out of three perlite samples, the semi-expanded perlite proved to be the best carrier of A. junii in the activated sludge system due to good incorporation in the sludge. The expanded and raw perlite were, respectively, bulking and sinking in the bioreactors, thus diminishing the exposure and phosphate removal of immobilized bacteria in the wastewater. The addition of sepiolite with immobilized A. junii in activated sludge system resulted in significant improvement of phosphate removal from the wastewater, increase of biomass and better settling properties of sludge.


Here we report a new kind of detector which senses transitions between up and down magnetization, rather than the magnetization direction itself. We present theoretical analysis, computer modeling and experimental results which show high-frequency SNR levels comparable to the performance of conventional detectors.


The World Health Organization (WHO) ranks chronic inflammatory diseases as the greatest threat to human health. The current study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous leaf extract of Alchornea cordifolia on Wistar rats. Twenty Wistar rats of both genders weighing between 110-178g were used for this study. Egg albumin was used for induction of inflammation. The rats were grouped into five groups of 4 per group. Groups 3, 4 and 5 received 400, 800mg/kg b.w of aqueous extract and reference drug respectively after induction. Groups 1 and 2 served as normal and negative controls. Rats were sacrificed and blood samples collected for hematological and biochemical analyses. Phytochemical screening of the plant revealed the presence of alkaloid, phenolic compounds, Tannins and Quinine.  Result showed significant in (p≤ 0.05) in paw size, rectal temperature and number of writhing in group 2 and non-significant reduction (p ≥ 0.05) in group 4 were seen when compared to group 1 and 2 respectively. Significant (p≤0.05) increase in C-reactive protein and nitric oxide concentrations were observed in groups 3 and 4 when contrasted to group 2 in the studies. Non-significant differences in all hematological parameters in all treated groups were observed when compared to group 2. Aqueous leaf extract of Alchornae cordifolia displayed anti-inflammatory effects at 800 mg/ kg b.w after 4 hours of treatment.


Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience increased morbidity and early mortality, due in part to organ dam-age, including end- stage kidney disease (ESKD). 1 Decline in kidney function is progressive with initial hyperfil-tration, followed by declines in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and eventual ESKD in adults. Individuals with SCD experience a more rapid decline in GFR than the general African American population and this rapid decline is associated with increased mortality. 2,3 Prior studies suggest the one- year mortality rate after initiating dialysis is higher in patients with SCD but early care by a nephrologist may decrease mortality. 4 Additionally, individuals with ESKD due to SCD (SCD- ESKD) are less likely to receive an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) when initiating haemodialysis (HD) 5,6 studies demonstrating improved survival when dia-lyzed with an AVF or graft. 7,8 Finally, referral for transplantation and transplantation rates are lower among individuals with SCD- ESKD despite the improved survival benefit of kidney transplantation.


The national-democratic revolution in Ethiopia may rightly be classed as one of the greatest triumphs in the anti-imperialist struggle of the peoples of Africa. Not long ago Ethiopia was a preserve of feudalism, which has outlived its time. The revolutionary events of 1974 in that country demonstrated once again the incompatibility of the striving of the African peoples for a democratic solution to nationwide problems and for social and economic progress with such anachronous phenomena as monarchism and feudalism. The principal reason for the revolution was the crisis of the internal policy conducted by the former imperial regime against the interests of the people, having as its ultimate goal the country's evolution along capitalist lines while retaining the privileges of the feudal lords. Here, as in a mirror, was reflected the basic content of the profound revolutionary changes aimed at social and economic liberation of the peoples: the struggle against imperialism and against feudal and capitalist rel...


Unintentional shifts of gaze and the modulation of pupil size are both highly automated processes that serve to regulate the initial influx of visual information. The present work investigated these mechanisms as they came to differentially respond to initially unthreatening stimuli following aversive conditioning. The classical conditioning experimental paradigm employed simple grating stimuli (Gabor patches) shown individually at various (5) on-screen locations, one of which was paired with a noxious auditory unconditioned stimulus (US). Aversively paired Gabor patches elicited an attenuated initial constriction of the pupil (pupillary light response; PLR) along with more rapid re-dilation compared to otherwise identical but unpaired gratings. Modulation of both the PLR and the rate of re-dilation following conditioning showed pronounced individual differences. Rapid eye movements away from fixation (microsaccades) were suppressed for the aversively associated compared to unassociated stimulus locations at several post-stimulus latencies. Mutual information between pupil dilation and microsaccade rate, meanwhile, did not differ between the aversively associated and unassociated visual on-screen locations. Together, these results suggest that measures of pupil diameter and microsaccade rate supply complementary information on early-stage processes of associative learning through experience.


An armed society is a free society Guns are mere objects. Preventing people from owning them, or limiting their availability, is an infringement of the natural right to property. Guns are also a peculiar good, since they are the key for the protection of liberty and property. In this perspective, gun control is not about guns: it is about control. In fact, government growth may be slowed by private gun ownership. A tyranny is unlikely to occur where people are armed. Historical evidence confirms this point: for example, Adolf Hitler disarmed the German Jews as a premise to their genocide. Moreover, statistics show that private gun ownership does not increase gun accidents or crime; indeed, when private citizens are armed, criminals tend to strike less, or to strike in less lethal ways. Criminals fear armed citizens much more than police forces. Gun control laws, however, are extremely effective in the disarmament of law abiding citizens; much less in disarming outlaws. The right to ke ep and bear arms should be maintained where it is recognized, and restored elsewhere. Italy belongs to the latter category. Libertarians' efforts to reduce the size of government require private gun ownership, because privately owned weapons are the only, sensible obstacle to the rise of Political power.


Sentiment analysis or opinion mining is a technique of text mining employed to identify subjective information or opinions of an individual from documents in blogs, reviews, articles, or social networks. In the literature, only a problem of binary classification of ratings based on review texts in an online review. However, because there can be positive or negative reviews as well as neutral reviews, a multi-class classification will be more appropriate than the binary classification. To this end, we consider the multi-class classification of ratings based on review texts. In the preprocessing stage, we extract words related with ratings using chi-square statistic. Then the extracted words are used as input variables to multi-class classifiers such as support vector machines and proportional odds model to compare their predictive performances.


This study aims to develop competitive advantage in order toimprove competitivenessandmaintainitscompetitivepositionagainst competitors,bothwithimportedanddomesticproducts.Theresearch examinesandanalyzestheinfluenceoforganizationalculture,business environment,innovation,rawmaterialrequirements,ondigital transformationandcompetitiveadvantage.Digitaltransformationis notonlyadependentvariableonfourindependentvariables,butalso anindependent variablewhentestingandanalyzingitseffecton competitiveadvantage. ThesampleinthisstudyweretheownersofconvectionSMEsinWest Java.Todetermine the effectbetweenvariables,the analysisusedistheStructuralEquationModel(SEM)with the Partial LeastSquare (PLS)approach.Theresearchconcludesthatorganizationalcultureand innovationhavenosignificant effecton digital transformation.The businessenvironmentandtheneedforrawmaterialshaveasignificant effect ondigitaltransformation. Organizational culture,innovation, andtheneedforrawmaterialshaveasignificanteffectoncompetitive advantage.Inthebusinessenvironment,digitaltransformationhasno effect on competitiveadvantage.


The invention is directed to a multifocal spectacle lens having an especially large near-vision part. A supplementary component is fused into a base dimensioned for the near-vision range. The supplementary part is for at least one distance-vision range. In this connection, it is especially advantageous to select the refractive index of the base to be greater than the refractive index of the supplementary component. Compared to known multifocal lenses made in one piece, the multifocal lens of the invention avoids steps or substantial image jumps between the near-vision and distant-vision regions. For shortsighted wearers of spectacles, the lenses are thinner and therefore lighter.


Limited research exists evaluating the extent to which intraspeaker style-shifting is conditioned by addressee age and addressee nationality. The current study investigated Supernanny Jo Frost's realisations of (t) as glottal or non-glottal towards British and American adults and children. Frost was found to style-shift to child-directed speech (CDS) when addressing children, which is interpreted in terms of communication accommodation theory as a communicative strategy to enhance clarity. Frost generally avoided convergence towards her American (and British) interlocutors, such that her style-shifting was found to be conditioned less by addressee nationality than by addressee age. I argue that this avoidance of convergence was motivated by her desire to construct an authentic, authoritative identity, which she achieved through her exploitation of particular indexical meanings associated with [t] and [ʔ].


Abstract Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) which consists of three identical 1.6 m wide-field telescopes with 18k × 18k CCDs, is the first optical survey system of its kind. The combination of fast optics and the mosaic CCD delivers seeing limited images over a 4 square degrees field of view. The main science goal of KMTNet is the discovery and characterization of exoplanets, yet it also offers various other science applications including DEep Ecliptic Patrol of SOUTHern sky (DEEP-South). The aim of DEEP-South is to discover and characterize asteroids and comets, including Near Earth Objects (NEOs). We started test runs last February after commissioning, and will return to normal operations in October 2015. A summary of early results from the test runs will be presented.


Abstract Background: Methadone is a useful analgesic for neuropathic and nociceptive pain. However, there is little information about the use of methadone in the final days of life when a patient cannot swallow, discouraging its use by many palliative care physicians. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of switching patients on oral methadone at the end of life to methadone by the buccal mucosa route. Methods: This is a case series comprising 36 patients on the Toronto Grace Palliative Care Unit (PCU) who took methadone between 2010 and 2012. Their health records were retrospectively reviewed. When patients could no longer swallow at the end of life, oral methadone was replaced with methadone solution in a concentration of 10 mg/mL, placed in the space between the buccal mucosa and lower molars. Results: Twenty-five patients met inclusion criteria for the series. Twenty-four (96%) of the patients tolerated methadone by the buccal route and were able to continue receiv...


Chapter 15 of "Markov Chain Monte Carlo for Item Response Models" by Junker et al., deals with applied Bayes inference achieved via MCMC implemented by Gibbs sampling and Metropolis–Hastings algorithms. Theoretical and practical MCMC aspects of single and multiple chain methods are discussed, and applications to IRT simulated and real data are presented with the results of R modeling described in detail. Chapter 16 of "Statistical Optimal Design Theory" by Holling and Schwabe, reviews general properties of planning experiments in applications to IRT modeling. Design objectives and criteria of optimality and the general equivalence theory are outlined, Many IRT models can be embedded into the framework of generalized linear models (GLM), and the optimal designs are arranged adequately to their specifics. Particularly, designs by DG-, and c-optimality conditions are considered for logit, probit, and Poisson regressions. Locally optimal designs, various Bayesian designs by D-optimality criteria, maximum efficient and sequential optimal designs are also discussed. Section IV Model Fit and Comparison covers four works. Chapter 17 of "Frequentist Model-Fit Tests" by Glas, deals with different aspects of the IRT measures of model fit. One of the most important assumptions to be checked concerns the subpopulation invariance which violation is labeled as differential item functioning (DIF). This assumption implies that the item responses can be described by the same parameters in all subpopulations, so the demographic and socio-economic states should not be relevant in a specific test. Another assumption is on the appropriateness of shape of the item response function that describes the relationship between a latent variable and observable responses on an item. This test can be done via comparison of the observed and expected item response frequencies given a measure of the latent trait level. The third assumption of local stochastic independence implies that responses to different items are independent given the latent trait value, so the latent variable completely describes the responses and no additional latent dimension is needed. The tests are presented on the examples of 1PL, 2PL, and 3PL IRT models, and additional likelihood ratio (LR), Wald, uniformly most powerful (UMP), and limited-information goodness-of-fit tests are discussed. Chapter 18 of "Information Criteria" by Cohen and Cho, emphasizes that a more parsimonious model usually demonstrates less inconsistencies, ambiguities, and redundancies in explanation, and it is better to pick a model which provides the best fit to the data but also has the capability for predicting future or different data. The information criteria used in the IRT with ML estimation (MLE) and Bayesian estimation methods are described. They include KL (also known as KL distance, or KLD), Akaike, Takeuchi, and Bayesian information criteria (AIC, TIC, and BIC, respectively). By each of these criteria, for instance, AIC, the differences of the AIC for a candidate model and the minimum AIC of all the considered models can be considered as approximation to expected KLD, and the best model has minimum difference value. Plausibility and weights are also defined for choosing a model of the best fit. The criteria in the IRT special cases are considered for nested and multilevel models with respect to the number of item parameters, models with different number of random effects, comparison of models with fixed and random effects, comparison across different estimation methods, and many other special issues involved in the model selection. Chapter 19 of "Bayesian Model Fit and Model Comparison" by Sinharay, continues with Bayesian estimation research for IRT, giving a detail description of the model-fit and residual analysis, prior and posterior predictive model checking (PPMC). Model-comparison methods include AIC, BIC, and the deviance information criterion (DIC), Bayes factors (BF), cross-validation likelihood and partial BF criteria. Chapter 20 of "Model Fit with Residual Analyses" by Wells and Hambleton, finalizes with investigation on raw and standardized residuals, graphical techniques for assessing model fit, using residuals in evaluation of polytomous IRT models such as graded-response model (GRM), nonparametric IRT in form of kernel smoothing and the difference with parametric models summarized by the root integrated squared error (RISE), evaluating model fit at the test score level, and other discussions. Volume 2 is concluded by the comprehensive Index. Many dozens and hundreds of classical and the most recent references are given in each chapter that makes the handbook convenient in a quick finding for a needed research. Resuming, the handbook presents a huge compendium of models which could be innovative even for specialists in IRT and related applied research. It can definitely be useful for lecturers and graduate students, researchers and practitioners in applied psychosociological projects. Actually, it can be useful in much wider area of research because it describes a large variety of statistical techniques valuable in estimations for many other problems beyond IRT.


In adolescents, cross‐sectional studies show either no or negative relationship between vitamin D status and calcium absorption. Through a crossover‐design metabolic balance study, we investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on calcium absorption and retention in adolescent girls (mean serum 25(OH)D: 19.83 ng/ml). Sixteen girls age 11‐14 yrs consumed a controlled diet (providing 400 IU vitamin D and 1136 mg Ca/d) for two 3‐week metabolic balance periods separated by a 1‐week washout period. Sunlight exposure was minimized by sunscreen with a sun protection factor = 15. After the first metabolic balance period, subjects received 1000 IU vitamin D3/d supplementation for 4 weeks. Calcium absorption was measured each metabolic balance period using a stable calcium isotope method and indirectly through a 5‐hr PTH suppression profile. All urine and fecal samples were collected and analyzed to measure calcium retention. Statistical analysis was done by repeated measures ANOVA. Vitamin D supplementation resulted in a mean increase in serum 25(OH)D of 4.65 ng/ml (p=0.0007), but it had no effect on serum fasting 1,25(OH)2D (p=0.72), calcium absorption (p=0.33), PTH suppression (p=0.92), or calcium retention (p=0.10). Vitamin D supplementation at 1000 IU/d did not affect calcium homeostasis in pubertal girls with vitamin D status levels considered suboptimal in adults.


This paper presents the circuit implementation of a reconfigurable Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) for UWB and Bluetooth communication standards for mobile terminals. The bandwidth accuracy space is covered through smart configuration of a flexible capacitive interpolation ADC, used as stand-alone in UWB mode and as quantizer of a Sigma Delta ADC in Bluetooth mode. The ADC has been accurately modeled in Matlab/Simulink and then implemented at transistor level in a 180 nm CMOS process in the Cadence environment. The simulation results indicate that the ADC can achieve 30 dB SINAD at 528 MSPS in UWB mode, and 60 dB SINAD at 1 MSPS in Bluetooth mode.


In recent years there has been a significant increase in the emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) on a global scale. In New Zealand, a similar increase in the detection of NPS has been observed, particularly for border seizures. From 2014 to 2018, there were over 6300 border seizures analysed at the New Zealand Customs - ESR Screening Laboratory, 18% of which were identified as NPS. In total, 134 different NPS were identified, the majority being synthetic cathinones, phenethylamines and cannabinoids. Sixty-one of the seizures had associated package labelling indicating the presence of one, or multiple, NPS in the seized material. The package labelling was found to be 93% accurate, suggesting that this information can be useful to inspection, enforcement and testing personnel when deciding on an appropriate course of action with seized items.


In the conditions of forming of digital society the research of a mediatization becomes relevant and necessary. Assessment of role and place of mediatization in a modern society requires acute attention. The concept of "mediatization" is a multi-layered phenomenon which is capable to determine process changes in politics and society under the influence of the media, as well as become one of the most important resources, using which you can effectively integrate into the information society. This article discusses the concepts of "mediatization" and "mediatization of politics." The basic information and strategic resources of mediatization of politics are analyzed. Purpose is to reveal strategic potential of the mediatization of politics through the example of social media and networking technologies. Methodology in the article the methods of conceptual analysis and discourse analysis, as well as resource and network analysis were applied. Results: The author proposes a new concept of substantial component "the mediatization of politics ", namely resource. The mediatization of politics is a complex phenomenon, which combines two important categories. First, the process of regulating of the communications system between political institutions and the media. Second, it provides adaptation of the resources and the development of social institutions to the new network society. The mediatization of politics as a strategic and information resource includes information strategies and social media. Practical implications: the results of the study can be used to evaluate the role and place of social media and information strategies in the network society, provide a theoretical basis for the development of a national infrastructure of information resources.


Training of learners' autonomy has been confirmed to be the definite purpose of college English teaching. The setting of this goal fully reflects the principle of education - "teaching is for non-teaching". At present, learners' autonomy is generally thought to acquire through training of learning strategies in college English teaching. In view of the fact, the writer was driven to probe into the changing of teachers' roles in class on the basis of analyzing a series of changes brought by the shift of cultivated aims in college English teaching, and some suggestions on how to deal with this new situation are put forward to simultaneously.


Based on characteristics of molecular structure, the distance matrix and vertical matrix were used to characterize the connectivity of the groups in aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons, and a method was proposed to calculate the boiling points of. The calculated results showed that the calculated boiling points were in good a-greement with the experimental data, the mean relative deviation was 1.30% for 378 aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons.


There is a growing interest in instruments to assess the present and to predict the future performance of ecosystems that are or may be influenced by human activities.


The properties of carbon dioxide-water binary mixtures under different temperatures, pressures and concentrations are performed by means of molecular dynamics simulations.Calculated results are in good agreement with the available experimental data, and results obtained have led to the conclusion that the diffusion coefficients of carbon dioxide and water are decreased linearly with the increasing of pressure respectively.Impact from temperature and pressure to radial distribution function of water is weak, but the impact to radial distribution function of carbon dioxide is significant.Hydrogen bond formed between water and carbon dioxide are analysised, the hydrogen bonding forces increase with the temperature increasing, and decrease with the concentration of water increasing.


The Dutch river district is highly valued for its landscape, natural and cultural–historical elements (also called LNC values). According to the current Dutch policy on river dike reinforcements, these values should be safeguarded in planning and executing river dike reinforcement projects by following the 'selective smart design strategy'. This paper presents an audit model, consisting of 20 modules, assessing the extent to which LNC values are taken into account in the planning process. The model was tested on eight projects and appeared to fit the objectives very well. The assignment of weighting constants used to interconnect the individual modules, however, would be improved if all parties involved could achieve consensus on this issue. The test results showed that in five of the eight projects examined, LNC values were sufficiently taken into consideration. Aspects that were insufficiently taken into account concerned, in particular, fauna surveys, valuation of LNC elements and effects valuation. Moreover, LNC values were often restored or compensated for, rather than preserved. Large differences were found between individual river dike reinforcement projects. The method can also be applied in river dike reinforcement plans in other countries. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The quality of romantic relationships that parents maintain has an impact on their children. Emerging adult children base their relationships on similar values and/or opposing beliefs of their parental romantic relationships. This phenomenological study aimed to identify how African American emerging adults experience their parental romantic relationships and how they find meaning in the romantic relationships of their parents. Results suggest that African American emerging adults develop both positive and negative perceptions about romantic relationships from their parents' relationships, which affect the way these adults perceive, develop, and maintain their own romantic unions. African American emerging adults also find meaning in their parental couple relationships as they share similar experiences in their relationship quality, mate choice, and/or personal or mate characteristics and personality traits as their parents.


This work investigates the prospect of Jatropha (Jatropha Curcas) and Pithraj (aphanamixis polystachya) plantation in Bangladesh and making of Bio-diesel from their seeds. Jatropha and Pithraj are the renewable and non-edible. They are wildly growing hardy plant, in arid and semi-arid regions of the country on degraded soils having low fertility and moisture. There is a huge unused amount of area about 0.32 million hectares in Bangladesh where Jatropha Curcas and Pithraj can be cultivated successfully. Jatropha and Pithraj oil is an important product from the plant for meeting the demand of diesel in Bangladesh. Around 2500 Jatropha tree can be planted in one hectare and around 300 Pithraj tree can be planted in one hectare. The seeds of Jatropha Curcas contain 30-40% oil. The seeds of Pithraj contain 30-35% oil .The oil can be converted to Bio-diesel by the well-known transesterification process. If Jatropha Curcas plantation is successful in 0.32 million hectare land, the amount of Bio-diesel production will be 0.58 million ton per year. Bangladesh imports approximately 2.4 million ton diesel each year. By planting of Jatropha Curcas, Bangladesh can reduce importing a huge amount (25%) of petroleum products from foreign countries. Bio-diesel from Jatropha * Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology.Rajshahi-6204, Bangladesh. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Problem setting. The social value, role and purpose of tax law are revealed in its functions as the main directions of its impact on public life. At the same time, the value potential of law is revealed by both general social and special legal functions. It is obvious that the implementation of the regulatory function of law is influenced by a number of factors, among which tax policy is important. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to characterize the impact of tax policy on the implementation of the regulatory function of tax law.

Analysis of recent researches and publications. Note that the question of the functions of tax law, tax policy and their interaction is not entirely new to the science of tax law, because to some extent to their consideration resorted to O. S. Yemelyanov, А. А. Kovalenko, M. P. Kucheryavenko, Yu. L. Smirnikova, V. V. Chaika and others. However, so far it is impossible to say that they have received a proper scientific analysis, as financial scientists have not resorted to a comprehensive examination of them, and conducted a fragmentary study. Thus, the purpose of the article is to consider the impact of tax policy on the implementation of the regulatory function of tax law.

Article`s main body. The article focuses on clarifying the impact of tax policy on the implementation of the regulatory function of tax law in modern conditions. The presence of a corresponding dialectical relationship between tax and legal regulation and tax policy is emphasized, which is reflected in two planes: (1) through the definition of goals, objectives, results of tax policy, the directions of regulation of tax relations, its subject matter, limits and methods are determined, by which rules of conduct are established for subjects of tax relations, that is, we are talking about the impact on lawmaking activities in the field of taxation, the implementation of the regulatory function of tax law; (2) by determining the quality and effectiveness of tax legislation, the extent to which the tax policy has been implemented is assessed.

Conclusions and prospects for the development. As we have shown, tax policy has its own meaning, it is organically linked to tax law, which by implementing the regulatory function implements the vectors indicated by the policy. Given the profound transformation of public relations that has taken place in our country in recent years, tax policy should be given a special role as a strong foundation for ensuring the effectiveness of tax and legal regulation.


Dermatologists are less likely to prescribe generic drugs when they are provided with samples of brand name drugs to give to their patients, a new study suggests.


The study aimed to analyze the scientific productivity of Arthropathy research from 2010 to 2020 with an international outlook. The primary purpose of the study is to understand how far the Arthropathy research literature in the state of the art while it comes as a lifestyle disease. The data retrieved from the WoS database; take a sum of 4221 records contributed by 23083 authors. The overall study period finds that PEI value is increasing trend from 2017 to 2020. The degree of collaboration over the years from 2010-2020 and varies from 0.91 to 0.97. The mean value is 0.938. "Wukich DK is the highest H index value 13 (17 Records). Lotka's law tested our study P-Value, then it is founded that the value of the observed authors was higher than that of the expected value which is 5.780324. To apply Price Square Root Law in study √N =151(7.09%), half of the literature 299.26, but it turned that it is not applicable in the study. The year 2020 shows the topmost value in CI (5.79), CC (0.185) and MCC (0.7210). The research ensures the current state of Arthropathy research and literature. It should provide new insights into future development in the varied sub-disciplines of Arthropathy.


The small "big bubble" technique limits descemetic dissection to the central 6 mm optical zone but uses a 9mm graft with both graft and recipient wound edges cut by machine. Visual outcomes after DALK utilizing the small "big bubble" technique were evaluated in 88 eyes. After complete suture removal, BSCVA was ≥20/25 and refractive astigmatism was ≤4.5 diopters in in 21 of 27 eyes (30.7%). This variation of DALK technique can provide good visual results while limiting to a minimum the area of descemetic dissection.


Building Information Modelling (BIM), as the parametric modelling of building designs, can offer many benefits to the construction industry, but it is not commonly used in Malaysia. This paper aims to investigate the reasons on why BIM has not been widely adopted within the Malaysian construction industry and identify the barriers involved. A literature review identifies and frames the relationship between three main likely contributing factors of lack of education and training, legislative barriers and limitation of interoperability and fragmentation. The results of a questionnaire to collect primary data among Malaysian construction industry professions showed that the barriers are lack of education and training and lack of standards for the modelling projects largely due to funding shortages in education and industry, low incentives, issues of copyright and an unwillingness to accept changes in using new software within the Malaysian construction industry. The findings of the research will be vital for professions within the Malaysian construction industry who are considering adopting BIM and enable them to have a basic idea and develop strategies to overcome these barriers. This will help to increase the efficiency and productivity of the construction industry.


The purpose of the study was to examine diverse behaviors of the aged at a kitchen and their desire for kitchen improvement as a basic survey to improve kitchen design for the aged. The study carried out a literary survey of kitchen use and improvement and conducted a survey with the aged of more than 65 years old. The results of the study were as follows. Most of them answered that it was necessary to improve a kitchen for the aged. First, they answered that it was necessary to improve a moving line of a kitchen space. Second, with regard to kitchen furniture followed by features of the subject, most of them answered that it was necessary to improve a worktable and a sink out of kitchen furniture. They had differences in opinions about improvement in storage of kitchen furniture. Third, they had differences in opinions about preference, availability and improvement of home appliance or facilities related to their physical difference, but took a high interest in them. Fourth, they answered that it was necessary to improve heating devices for their safety according to their features. Availability of home appliances was divided into two groups according to their individual differences.


Impurity motion in one-dimensional ultracold quantum liquids confined in an optical trap has attracted much interest recently. As a step towards its full understanding, we construct a generating functional from which we derive the position nonequilibrium correlation function of a quantum Brownian particle with general Gaussian nonfactorizing initial conditions. We investigate the slow dynamics of a particle confined in a harmonic potential after a position measurement; the rapid relaxation of a particle trapped in a harmonic potential after a quantum quench realized as a sudden change in the potential parameters; and the evolution of an impurity in contact with a one-dimensional bosonic quantum gas. We argue that such an impurity--Luttinger-liquid system, which has been recently realized experimentally, admits a simple modeling as quantum Brownian motion in a super-Ohmic bath.


Background: Evaluation is an inherent element of the teaching-learning process and is influenced by several factors. Objectives: The present study aimed to identify the influential factors in the effective implementation of evaluation in the teaching-learning process in the Iranian higher education system. Methods: This study was conducted using the synthesis method and a qualitative approach. The sample population included all the national studies focused on the influential factors in the evaluation of the teaching-learning process during 2000 - 2018. In total, 36 studies were selected, and after several screening stages, 10 studies that were more relevant to the subject matter were selected as the research sample based on the review of the titles, abstracts, and research content. The database search was performed using keywords such as 'factors/indicators affecting the evaluation of students' and 'teachers/implementation of evaluation'. The databases included CIVILICA, Magiran, Elmnet, Noormags, and SID. The research data were extracted and analyzed using the content analysis method. Results: After data analysis, the influential factors in the implementation of evaluation were classified into two dimensions, five factors, and 29 indicators, including the structural dimension (conditions and environment of evaluation, educational system, and evaluation system) and behavioral dimension (teachers and students). Conclusions: The results of the data analysis led to the identification of the influential factors in the effective implementation of the teaching-learning process evaluation in the Iranian higher education system as a model.


There are three NAD biosynthetic pathways: the nicotinic acid-NAD, nicotinamide-NAD, and quinolinic acid (derived from tryptophan)-NAD pathways. To discover the main pathways of NAD biosyntheses in various tissues of the rat, the tissue distribution of nicotinamidase, quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinamide phosphoribosyl-transferase, nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase, and NAD+ synthetase were investigated. All of the tissues could synthesize NAD from nicotinamide, judging from that the activities of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase and NMN adenylyltransferase detected in all of the tissues. From nicotinic acid, only liver, kidneys, and heart could. Liver and kidney can also synthesize NAD de novo from quinolinic acid.


Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of myocardial injury among patients with SLE without nephritis and patients with LN, determine whether serum high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T and creatine phosphokinase-MB (CKMB) might help to identify patients with LN at risk for CVD, and identify LN as a risk factor for myocardial injury. Patients and methods This study was conducted on 50 patients (30 patients with LN and 20 patients with SLE without nephritis). The SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Damage Index (SLICC/DI) were assessed. Laboratory investigations, cardiac enzymes (Hs-TnT and CKMB), and transthoracic echocardiography were performed. Results The results demonstrated a higher prevalence of CVD in patients with LN. A total of 28 patients with LN (93.3%) vs 10 patients with SLE (50%) had detectable high-sensitivity troponin (Hs-TnT) levels, with a mean 29.77±18.22 vs 7.2±6.21 ng/l, respectively. The mean value of CKMB was higher in patients with LN than patients with SLE (23.9±18.6 vs 14.8±9.4 μg/l, respectively). Multilinear regression analysis for Hs-TnT revealed that low estimated glomerular filtration rate, high urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, low ejection fraction, and different ECHO diameters were the most statistically significant predictors of troponin elevation, with a P value less than 0.05. The strongest renal predictors of CKMB were estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria, with a P value less than 0.05. Conclusion CVD is more in patients with LN than patients with SLE. Hs-TnT levels is a signature of subclinical cardiac disease, which could be used to identify at-risk individuals. CKMB and echocardiography lack adequate sensitivity for the diagnosis of myocardial injury in patients with LN.


Commentary on: LieverseRVan SomerenEJNielenMM. Bright light treatment in elderly patients with nonseasonal major depressive disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2011;68:61–70.


Introduction:Evidence for the benefits of health information technology (HIT) in the paediatricsetting is currently limited. In 2012, electronic-prescribing, standardisedconcentration infusions (SCIs) and smart-pump technology were implemented intothe paediatric critical care unit (PCCU) in Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Crumlin.Aim:To assess the impact of this new HIT on PCCU medication errors.Methodology:A Delphi consensus process developed a list of novel or previously unaddressedmedication errors. The results, combined with published medication errorsdefinitions, were applied to three further studies: a before and after study ofclinical pharmacist interventions; the direct observation of smart-pump infusions; aretrospective review of hospital voluntary incident reports. The respective focus ofeach study was prescribing errors, smart-pump-related administration errors, andpotentially severe infusion-related errors. Ethics approval was granted or waivedfor each study. Data analysis and statistically tests were performed usingMicrosoft Excel® and STATA® (Version 13.1).Results:The Delphi panel determined that 14 of 17 scenarios be included as medicationerrors; reaching consensus on electronic-prescribing scenarios was most difficult.Overall medication error rates were unchanged on implementation of electronicprescribing(10.2% v 9.8%, p=0.99). Altered error distribution was evident.Implementing SCIs reduced paper-based infusion errors (29% to 14.6%,p 0.05). Direct observation identified medication errors in 5.4% ofinfusions (n=1023). Programming errors were uncommon (1.6%). The benefits ofthe pump-interface were demonstrated. Voluntary incident report review identifiedmore clinically significant errors (14.1% v ≤7%) than the other studies.Technology-generated errors, and the capacity to engineer out errors with HITsystems, were evident in all studies.Conclusion:The benefits of HIT in the complex PCCU setting have been demonstrated. SCIsand smart-pumps increase the safety of paediatric infusions. Reducing overallprescribing errors with electronic-prescribing is more difficult to achieve.


Objective
To study the value of radiofrequency ablation of gallbladder beds in radical surgery for stage T1b gallbladder cancer.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted on 21 patients with stage T1b gallbladder cancer treated in the Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreas and Spleen Surgery, West Campus, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, from April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2019. Patients who were diagnosed with frozen section during operation were included into the surgery group. Patients who were diagnosed postoperatively and underwent radical surgery for the gallbladder carcinoma were included in the secondary surgery group. The differences in surgical time, bleeding volume, survival rate, and survival time between the two groups after regular follow-up were compared, and the 5-year cumulative survival rates and overall survival time of the two groups were calculated.

Results
All patients underwent radical gallbladder cancer surgery. There were 14 males and 7 females, aged from 26 to 70 (49.0±13.5) years. There were no perioperative deaths. There were 15 patients in the operation group, and 6 patients in the secondary surgery group. The bleeding volume of the surgery group was significantly less than the secondary surgery group [(101.3±35.5) ml vs. (177.0±44.6) ml, P 0.05). The 5-year cumulative survival rate for the two groups of patients was 56.5%, and the overall survival time was (79.0±9.3) months.

Conclusions
Radiofrequency ablation of the gallbladder bed was safe and effective in radical surgery of T1b gallbladder cancer. For T1b stage gallbladder cancer, which is difficult to diagnose during surgery, secondary radical surgery achieved the same results as primary radical surgery.

Key words:
Gallbladder neoplasms; Radiofrequency ablation; T1b stage; Gallbladder bed


According to the status of bilmedical engineering in hospitals,this paper discusses the indexes of appraising medical engineers,associationg with scientific research,medical metrology and writing papers.


Prevalence, Incidence, and Remission of Cardiovascular Risk Factors as a Function of Exercise Frequency. Claude J. Gaebelein, Richard J. Miller, Annette L. Vesey, Elizabeth Webbe. Objective. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of exercise on the incidence, remission, and prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in a middleaged sample. Methods. From 1,080 people (mean age 41, SD =9.9 years) participating in a long-term study of wellness programs among federal government workers, fasting blood samples were obtained both at initial screening and at annual retest. Risk factors examined were diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mmHg or greater, total cholesterol (TCH) of 240 mg/dl or greater, high density lipoprotein (HDL) of 35 or less, or a TCH/HDL of 5 or more. Exercise frequency was monitored with a self-report tracking system, and the members divided into groups who either did not exercise (Controls), exercised fewer than 1.5 times per week for the six months proceeding retest (Lo Ex), or exercised more than 1.5 times per week during this period (Hi Ex). Group differences were examined using linear trend analyses of odds ratios. Results. The prevalence of at-risk levels of DBP, TCH, and TCH/HDL, but not HDL, declined with increasing exercise frequency (p<.05). Strikingly, in no instance was this due to a change in remission rates, but rather to a decrease in incidence. This pattern was most clear for DBP (p<.05), marginal for TCH (p< .07), not present for HDL or TCH/HDL. Comment. These findings suggest that 1) different risk factors may have different sensitivities to exercise interventions, 2) in a middle-aged population the major effect of exercise may be to reduce the occurrence of new cases rather than to affect the remission of established risk factors.


Plastic pollution in marine surface waters is prone to high spatial and temporal variability. As a result increases in pollution over time are hard to detect. Selecting areas, based on variable oceanographic and climatological drivers, rather than distance-based approaches, is proposed as a means to better understand the dynamics of this confounding variability in coastal environments. A pilot study conducted in Perth metropolitan waters aimed to explore the applicability of this approach, whilst quantifying levels of plastic pollution in an understudied part of the world. Pollution ranged from 950 to 60,000 pieces km-2 and was dominated by fishing line. Offshore concentrations were highest with strongest Leeuwin Current flow in the estuary immediately after rainfall, and increased in the nearshore after estuarine outfall. Results elucidated significant relationships between physical drivers and concentration changes and therefore their roles in increasing or decreasing local plastic pollution. Such observations can form the basis for predicting peak pollution periods and inform targeted mitigation.


W have a new society. And it's not your oldtimey author society. Inspired by Lydia Maria Child's activism, Sarah Olivier has crafted a society that "supports the pursuit of social justice and inclusive excellence through education, academic scholarship, creative projects, and social action" ("Constitution and ByLaws"). To facilitate that vision, the bylaws mandate that there be a vice president of Inclusive Excellence and Social Action, who


-iii-ABSTRACT A tracer experiment can be performed on ecosystems and shown to provide novel information about the distribution of transit times for a cycling nutrient in the system. A diversity index constructed from this distribution is mathematically associated with certain stability properties of ecosystems, and a natural ecological time-scale parameter is identified. as an of work Neither any any of their contractors, any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately rights.


—Distributed cooperative control of autonomous vehicle platoons has been widely considered as a potential solution for reducing traffic congestion, increasing road capacity and improving traffic safety. However, in the real-world implementation, sudden communication loss will degrade cooperative adaptive cruise control to adaptive cruise control, which may bring negative influences on safety (i.e., increase the risk of collisions). To overcome this limitation, this paper innovatively applies a spring-damper energy system to construct a robust leader-following vehicle platoon system. The special design of the energy system ensures that the stability and safety of the platoon system are maintained in the event of a sudden degradation. Based on the proposed energy model, a distributed control protocol is developed. The distributed control protocol achieves speed synchronisation of vehicle platoon and ensures that the following distance is safe over dynamic communication networks. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is validated by simulation experiments.


Our road and highway system has become a source of multiple types of "big data." One such type of data is travel time data obtained from vehicle reidentification systems, a type that is increasingly available due to the implementation of existing and relatively new technologies such as license-plate recognition and Bluetooth-based wireless vehicle identification. Travel time data obtained in real time from such systems are used to update estimated travel times displayed on variable message signs, and research has also been conducted that utilizes travel time data as inputs to incident detection algorithms. Implementation of such systems and prior research has primarily focused on freeways and other free-flowing roads. However, such systems for travel time data collection are also being implemented on arterials. In this research an incident detection procedure that utilizes point-to-point travel time data obtained from an arterial vehicle reidentification system is developed and evaluated. Historical travel time data provided by a Bluetooth-based travel time data collection system and reported incident data are utilized to evaluate the procedure. The results show that the procedure provides a good balance of detection and false alarm rates.


As long as road accidents happen, passive safety systems like the airbag control unit are an essential part of the whole automotive safety system. Within the airbag control unit, the event data recorder (EDR) is an integrated function. Recent developments in legislation show that an increasing number of EDR-related regulations are being introduced. They are mainly focusing on data recording, crash-data retrieval, and some of them define testing aspects. In the system testing of an airbag control unit with a focus on the event data recorder, the question arises of how to deal with the fact that real-world crash events are not "straightforward" but arbitrary and do not follow any rules and restrictions. The purpose of this work is to develop a robust test approach to these conditions—giving a tester the possibility to extend the test depth considering the common test design techniques and testing principles. The applied methodology is the use of optimization algorithms in an automated test environment. With this, the tester can steer the test execution in a predefined way with minimal interaction. The application of the developed test method automatically creates a set of test data which fulfill the predefined conditions by the user. The generated results show that a high number of test data are created at and close to the target condition. Consequently, this test approach provides an extension to the common test design techniques with regard to how test input data can be created, and especially how automated test data creation and test execution can be realized.


Part I of the project aimed at describing risk factors and diseases in pre-defined target groups along a time axis and at serving as a foundation for a re-orientation of a needs-based screening programme. We defined target groups along a time axis from conception until schooling and dissected it into pregnancy (mother and unborn), birth and the postpartum period (mother and newborn) as well as infant and toddler/ early childhood. In addition, we identified concomitant factors, including lifestyle and psychosocial risk factors and diseases, which are neither related to a single individual nor to a particular time frame, but affect the whole family continuously. We analysed the epidemiological data in reference to differences in the frequency of various risk factors and diseases in different subgroups. The risk factors, disease and impact of the disease or its severity in the target group were also described in relation to sociodemographic characteristics such as age, education level, socioeconomic status or ethnic background. The results suggest that a parent-child care preventive programme which is primarlily "medically oriented" falls short of being adequate because it fails to address the social concomitant risk factors.


The article discusses the letters of Zofija Kriauciūnienė (1846-1912) written in 1894-1909 to the Finnish writer, Maila Talvio-Mikkola (1871-1951), translated into the Lithuanian and published in the book, Nemuno krasto aidai: laiskai Mailai ir Josepiui Mikoloms (The Echoes of Nemunas Land: Letters to Maila and Jooseppi Julius Mikkola; 1996). The correspondence shows the field where women act by combining both public and private spheres and when a little story is incorporated into the grand narrative of a nation and homeland. The main focus of the article is on women's social roles being constructed in the process of formation of national identity. It notes that in comparison to other letters written by educated women (such as Marta Zauniūtė and Liudvika Didžiulienė) of that time, Kriauciūnienė's letters stand out for its full elimination of feelings towards her husband Petras Kriauciūnas, teacher, book smuggler and active member of Lithuanian national revival movement. The article also observes that the rhetoric of motherly concern, strongly suggested by Lithuanian intelligentsia at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th centuries, was present not only in private but also in public sphere of a woman's life and that mother's archetype became essential in forming a new woman social model in the history of national revival. The conclusion is made that in literature and cultural history, Lithuanian women of education remained only wives (daughters, daughters-in-law, or sisters) of the activists of the national movement. Although they were the real engines of cultural life of that time, women stayed on the margins of the fight for Lithuanian identity. Keywords: Zofija Kriauciūnienė, Petras Kriauciūnas, national revival, family as a partnership, public and private discourse, women's social roles, epistolary legacy. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/zz.2016.10


THE highlands of Arkansas lie in the northwestern part of the state, and comprise about half its area. They are divided, physiographically, into a north and a south part by the valley of the Arkansas River. They are also divided structurally into the same parts, the former being a region of horizontally-bedded rocks, somewhat disturbed by faulting and folding, while the latter, known as the Ouachita Mountains, is distinctly a folded


This study compared F0 and the first three formants of eight Korean monophthongs produced by nine transgenters (male to female) to those of eighteen normal adults. Voice analysis was done by Praa (version 4.4049). A one-way ANOVA wih Turkey HSD post hoc tests were performed to determine statistical differences in F0 and forma values obtained from transgender, and normal male and female subjects. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in F1 of /u/, /Λ/, and /o/, F2 of /u/, /Λ/, and /i/ and F3 of /u/ among the 3 groups (transgender, normal males and normal females). However, in the comparison of transgender vs. males, a significant difference was observed in F0 of /o/, and F2 of /i/, /a/, /e/, and /ae/ an F3 of /e/. Furthermore in the comparison of transgender vs. females, a significant difference was also observed in F0 of all vowels, F1 of /i/, /a/, /e/, /ae/, and /i/, F2 of /i/, an /ae/, an F3 of /i/, /a/, /Λ/, /e/, /ae/, /i/, an /o/. Also, perceptual judgment of the transgender' voice came out somewhat correlated strongly with their F0 values but not much with the formant values. It was concluded that he transgender' acoustic parameters are plead in between those of the normal males and females in terms of fundamental and formant frequency analyses of vowels. Thus, it was assumed that those differences might stem from the transgender' original big resonating cavities.


Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) is a rare but of one the important causes of sudden cardiac arrest and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). It is complex and often under diagnosed. It has multifactorial aetiologies. It is predominantly seen in young women presenting with ACS, with no pre-existing history of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) and is commonly diagnosed via coronary angiography. It may be associated with autoimmune disease, connective tissue disorder, collagen vascular disease, Marfan syndrome, intense physical exercise and during peripartum period. The various treatment modalities for SCAD are conservative medical treatment, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI), and surgery. Here, authors describe a case of 33-year-old women who presented with ACS, with no pre-existing history of CAD. Patient responded well with medical management. This condition has grave prognosis if not detected and treated promptly. So it is very important to keep SCAD as differential diagnosis in ACS among young patients.


Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic frequently used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Isolated reports have suggested that use of amiodarone may cause acute pancreatitis.1–3 This potential adverse effect of amiodarone has not been explored in large studies. We assessed whether use of amiodarone or other antiarrhythmics indicated for AF management is associated with developing acute pancreatitis in a large US population.


With the continuous improvement of the level of science and technology, new media relative to traditional media has emerged and has been widely used. Traditional media and new media has rich forms. Although traditional media has certain advantages, there are also problems. In the new era, the competition between the two is increasingly fierce. Under the impact of new media, traditional media has achieved steady development. To adopt a positive marketing strategy, this paper studies the general situation of both new media and traditional media, and analyzes the marketing strategy, and expounds the application of traditional media marketing strategies in the context of new media.


With the great development of image display technologies and the widespread use of various image acquisition device, recapturing high-quality images from high-fidelity LCD (liquid crystal display) screens becomes relatively convenient. These recaptured images pose serious threats on image forensic technologies and bio-authentication systems. In order to prevent the security loophole of image recapture attack, we propose a recaptured image detection method based on multi-resolution residual-based correlation coefficients. Specifically, we first classify the divided image blocks into three categories according to their content complexity. Then, for each classified block, sharpness degree is used as metric to select the local representative block. Finally, pixel-wise correlation coefficients in the residual of the local representative blocks are adopted as features for training and testing. Single database experiments demonstrate that our proposed method not only performs very close to the state-of-the-art methods on relative low-quality NTU-ROSE and BJTU-IIS databases, but also improves the performance on the most difficult-to-detect ICL-COMMSP database obviously, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed multi-resolution strategy and the used residual-based correlation coefficients. Besides, mixed database experiments verify the superiority of the generalization ability of our proposed method. Moreover, it is robust to JPEG compression.


The outward bound has been carried out as part of the PE course by many universities. In the teaching practice, however, it is not so closely connected with, or even deviated from, the PE instructional objectives in universities in China. In this essay, the research findings of modern physical education theory are applied to the outward bound course with significant theoretic innovation brought up to guarantee the healthy development of the outward bound in college PE teaching.


In this article, a compact planar dipole antenna for both digital television signal (DTV) reception in UHF band and mobile communications in the GSM850/900 band is presented. Broadband operation of the proposed dipole antenna is obtained by successfully exciting its half-, and one-wavelength modes which are further adjusted to be at close frequencies to form a broadband characteristic. To successfully excite the one-wavelength modes to provide the upper frequency portion, a notch was cut in one arm of the proposed dipole antenna. Moreover, a narrow strip protruded from another arm extended into the notch largely shifts the one-wavelength mode toward lower frequency. Also, the longitudinal edge of the notch is meandered to shift the whole operation band toward lower frequency. The operation bandwidth of the proposed antenna is greatly enhanced to be about 73% via a compact dimension.


In the rural construction movement in the 1920's-1930's, there existed two opposite opinions in the field of Chinese village transformation and development. They were "Zouping mode" put forward by Liang Shuming who held that village construction could bring along the urban construction while "Qingdao mode" had long been neglected. In this article, the author tries to discuss the meaning of these two modes of Chinese village transformation and development from the perspective of the relations between urban and rural areas. They can be used as reference in current socialist new village construction. And the Qingdao village construction mode has embodied the fact that the urban area "feeds food" to the rural area and that urban civilization to rural civilization.


The expression for the chemical potential of the solvent in a swollen extracted net-work, obtained by the quasi-chemical equilibrium treatment of crosslinked polymer solutions, has been transformed into the form of Flory's swelling equation Δμs/RT = In φs + φg + χφg2 + veg (Vs/Vp) (φφ – Bφg), where μs is the chemical potential of the solvent, φs and φg are the volume fractions of the solvent and polymer in the gel, respectively, φ is the value of φg at network formation, χ is the polymer-solvent interaction parameter, φs and φp are partial molar volumes of the solvent and polymer segment, respectively, and veg is the number of elastically active network chains per polymer segment. For random crosslinking of primary chains, B = 1 – (vg – 2/rng)/2veg (vg is the fraction of crosslinked segments in the gel and rng is the number average degree of polymerization of primary chains bound to the gel). The parameter B is independent of the coordination number of the lattice and varies from 2/3 at the gel point to 1/2 for networks formed of infinitely long primary chains. The interaction parameter χ is a complex function of the interaction free energy, lattice coordination number, and network parameters, and usually increases with increasing degree of crosslinking. Possible variations of B and χ are demonstrated for a number of primary chain distributions. The network parameters have been calculated by using the theory of cascade processes.


Contemporary problems in cities are often related to the inevitable development of civilization as well as the overexploitation of the natural environment. We must note that an urban centre plays a special role as the basic link in the system of se lement – it can support either the growth of a region or its stagnation. Such interdependences are plain in sustainable development whose main objective is to satisfy the present and future generations' needs. The idea of sustainable development also assumes counteracting the worst ecological threats in the global scale, such as: environmental (air, water and soil) pollution, radiation, climate change (greenhouse e ect), the destruction of ecosystems, noise, shrinking resources, the creation of arti cial environments leading to many civilization diseases and degrading the natural environment [8]. "Generational experiences have con rmed the rightness of J.G. Pawlikowski's precursory statement. Around one hundred years ago, he said that concern with the proper condition of the natural environment should accompany every human activity" [1]. According to the United Nations report of 2001, cities use about 75% of the Earth's resources and 40% of energy in the world scale. They pollute 75% of the environment (45% of pollutions come from residential areas, whereas 30% – from transport). With the current consumption rate, natural resources will be used up within two hundred years. Such forecasts suggest the necessity of making any e ort and taking any action which aim at improving the quality of the environment. One of the concepts of an ideal city is a compact city – an economical unit with distinctive borders, easily accessible services, e cient transport and well-groomed green areas. A compact city shuts itself within its limits without absorbing any suburban areas. This concept is not far from the imaginations of the small town centre which guarantees easy access to cultural goods, urban a ractions and public spaces.


Introduction Early clinical studies have reported that obese persons of all ages and both sexes are less active than are nonobese persons. 1-7 These clinical reports have recently been supplemented by more quantitative studies which suggest a somewhat more complicated state of affairs; whereas obese women are indeed quite inactive when compared with nonobese women, there is much less difference in physical activity between obese and nonobese men. 8 In fact, when the greater weight of obese men was taken into consideration, it appeared that they had performed as much physical work as had the nonobese men. These findings raise the question of whether the inactivity of obese women is a function of their gender or of biological and social influences affecting women. In other words, are obese women inactive solely because they are female or because they are also women? In an attempt to answer this question the physical


The author will discuss the negative environmental impact that individual classroom sound systems create when used as a substitute for good acoustical design. School systems are being targeted by marketers of classroom sound systems and being convinced that they are a cost effective al‐ternative to the standards that are put forth by ANSI S12.60‐2002. This paper presents estimates of the potential waste that is created by these systems through future disposal of outdated technology and batteries used in these devices. The presentation will put forth suggestions for the dissemination of this information by interested parties to schools in their immediate vicinity.


11I:r TlIft A ... el.led P .... I 1 CHICAGO, March 16,-Arrested upon information sQPplied the police by a Catholic priest, Walter Scholl calmly cdnfessed late today that he killed his children, Vivian, 8 years old. and Donald. 6 years old, by covering their faces with towels saturated with an anaesthetic and then strangling them in an unoccupied house at Gary, Ind" last Wednesday, Immediately after his confession he was returned to Gar)', where hi!! father and mother, the Rev. and Mrs, Charles SchoU, of Pittsburgh, Pa" waited.


Approximately 75% of soil nutrients in the Everglades are stored in the organic form; thus, factors affecting seasonal organic matter and associated nutrient mineralization will influence nutrient availability to marsh vegetation. To assess the factors controlling mineralization in the field, pore water nutrients including NH 4 + , NO 3 - and, soluble reactive P (SRP) were determined along with soil Eh, pH, temperature, and water levels at eutrophic, mesotropic, and oligotrophic sites through a dry and rainy season


The evolution of the inner heliosphere over a 9-year period from 2001 to 2009, from 50 Rs to 1250 Rs, is simulated by means of the time-dependent three-dimensional MHD simulation with a new treatment handling the observation-based temporally evolving boundary data. The inner boundary magnetic field is calculated from the solar surface magnetic field data made at Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO), and the plasma speed data is from the maps constructed by means of the MHD tomography analysis using the interplanetary scintillation (IPS) data. The density and temperatures are determined by empirical relation functions that are derived from Helios data. In this way, all inner boundary values of the solar wind flowing outward are from measurements. The two ground-based observations, WSO magnetic field and IPS solar wind data, have been long conducted, and we used these two dataset to drive the simulation system over the 9-year span well covering the solar cycle 23. The simulated interplanetary MHD variables are co...


Natural Conditions.- Flora of Yakutia: Composition and Ecological Structure.- Vegetation of Yakutia: Elements of Ecology and Plant Sociology.- Vegetation and Human Activity.- Insect Impact on Vegetation.- Structural and Functional Peculiarities of the Plants of Yakutia.- Nature Conservation Status and Its Prospects.


The article elaborated the applicable scope of the national standard on the indication of surface texture(GB/T 131-2006),as well as the difference between new standard and old standard.The article also introduced the typical demonstration of surface texture and the marking method of the surface texture in mechanical drawing.


This paper analyzed the travel-related content in the overall urban planning,and provided the theoretical basis and policy support for the future tourism planning.


A recently introduced concept, virtual dimensionality (VD) has been shown promise in many applications of hyperspectral data exploitation. It was originally developed for estimating number of spectrally distinct signal sources. This paper explores utility of the VD from various signal processing perspectives and further investigates four techniques, Gershgorin radius (GR), orthogonal projection subspace (OSP), signal subspace estimation (SSE), Neyman-Pearson detection (NPD), to be used to estimate the VD. In particular, the OSP-based VD estimation technique is new and has several advantages over other methods. In order to evaluate their performance, a comparative study and analysis is conducted via synthetic and real image experiments.


In 1982, Guzman de Rojas published an article on Aymara people's reasoning in which he concluded that they reason according a trivalent formal logic system . The "Aymara trivalent logic " has gained some fame in academic and popular forums, but it has not been tested or challenged in its main points. This article discusses that thesis and questions its conclusions , while reflecting on this kind of studies.


To assess the prevalence and potential risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in Chinese patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to evaluate the role of chest computed tomography (CT) in the screening of LTBI.


The influence of Re on the propagation of a (0 1 0)[1 0 1] crack in the Ni/Ni3Al interface, including crack propagation velocity, crack-tip shape, and dislocation emission, is investigated using a molecular dynamics method with a Ni–Al–Re embedded-atom-method potential. The propagation velocity of the crack noticeably decreases at 5 K when 3 or 6 at% Re atoms are added into the Ni matrix. At 1033 K, the crack tip becomes blunter and emission of dislocations becomes easier with Re addition, owing to the larger bond strength between Re and Ni atoms. Furthermore, we calculate the unstable stacking energy (γus), surface energy (γs), and adhesion work (Wad) of the interface. When Re atoms are randomly doped into a Ni matrix, γs/γus increases correspondingly. This means that Re addition decreases brittleness and improves ductility. The calculation also shows that γus is not affected by Re–Ni atomic interaction, and that Re–Re atomic interaction has some effect on γus. In addition, Wad increases with Re addition, and a small increase in Wad results in a larger decrease in crack velocity. This indicates that Re–Ni atomic interaction restrains crack propagation velocity at low temperature.


Objective Our study aimed at observing the effect of educational program on medication adherence and major adverse cardiac events in patients after percutaneous coronary angioplasty.Methods We divided 200 patients who have received percutaneous coronary angioplasty into the treatment group(n=99) and the control group(n=101).Patients in the treatment group were given 60 min-education program before discharging,rather than that of the control.After 1 year,medication use and major adverse cardiac events including myocardial infarction,re-intervention,re-inward,and death were studied.Results All 200 patients were followed up.In the treatment group,the ratio of statins and β-blockers use were higher than that in the control group(all P0.05).The ratio of four drugs combination(including aspirin,statins,β-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers) are higher in the treatment group than that in the control(all P0.05).Major adverse cardiac events including myocardial infarction,re-intervention,re-inward,and death were not significant different in the two groups.Conclusion Educational program improved medication adherence but did not affect major adverse cardiac events in patients after percutaneous coronary angioplasty.


The cause of the target fade-out in the traditional neural network nonuniformity correction algorithms for infrared focal plane array(IRFPA)was studied.A new combinational algorithm for nonuniformity correction was proposed on the basis of analyzing the strengths and limitations of edge-directed NN scheme(ED-NN-NUC) and nonuniformity correction combining one-point calibration and NN-NUC.The new algorithm includes three modules which are pre-correction,rough correction and accurate correction.The real infrared image including dim targets was used to validate the proposed algorithm.The results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively eliminate the target fade-out,and it is less time consuming than ED-NN-NUC.


1. Introduction. A common assumption in multivariate analysis is that the data (or the residuals after removing the mean) are a sequence of random vectors that are independent and normally distributed with zero means and identical but unknown covariance matrices. In the test presented here, this is the null hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis for which this test is designed is that the data are a stationary Gaussian multiple time series in which observations at different times are correlated. The usual approach to detecting serial correlation is graphical presentation of either spectral-matrix estimates or covariance function estimates. For multiple time series, this approach has several difficulties including the need for several different graphs including ones that show dependence among the component series and the choice of spectral resolution. Thus, a way to test simultaneously for all the types of serial correlation that a stationary Gaussian time series can exhibit is needed. A univariate time series can be tested for serial correlation by computing the periodogram, dividing the frequency band into two parts, and comparing the sum of the periodogram over the lower part with the sum over the whole band. The sums are compared for all divisions of the frequency band using KolmogorovSmirnov limits (Bartlett (1966), Durbin (1969)). The test presented here is a generalization of this. As with the univariate case, the multidimensional periodogramn is computed, the frequency band is divided, and the sum over the lower part is compared with the siim over the whole band. These estimates are compared using the largest and smallest eigenvalues of one estimate with respect to the other. Some but not all divisions of the frequency band are considered simultaneously. As shown in Section 3, the cornputation of the distribution under the null hypothesis also has similarities to Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests.


This manuscript presents the development of new subclasses for bi-univalent functions and the subclasses are closely related to Chebyshev polynomials having Al-Oboudi differential operator. The functions contained in the subclasses were used to account for the initial coefficient estimates of |a2| and |a3| .


In this paper, flow on a finite wing with star-shaped damage is numerically and experimentally investigated to understand effects of the damage on aerodynamic characteristics of the wing. To study effects of different span positions, the damage was considered in tip, middle and root position of the wing span. The Wing model is a section of NACA 641-412 asymmetric airfoil with 200 mm chord and 800 mm span. The aerodynamic coefficients and their increments due to the damage were extracted and the results were compared to the experimental data. Flow visualization over the damaged wing has been done with the paint technique to monitor the flow structure on the model and to understand the influences of the damage on the flow. To analyze ability of the numerical modeling in prediction of aerodynamic performance of a damaged wing, the results were validated with the experimental results. A star damage with area about 1% of the wing, can decrease the lift coefficient about 6% and increase the drag coefficient about 15.7% compared to an undamaged wing. The star damaged wing also experiences more pitching moment coefficient. The results of damage in different locations showed that the damage near to wing tip has less impact on reduction of aerodynamic efficiency. Review History: Received: 10 October 2015 Revised: 22 April 2016 Accepted: 9 May 2016 Available Online: 8 November 2016


Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation times for /sup 3/He in microscopic bubbles in 1-yr-old Pd/sup 3/H/sub 0.62/ have been measured in the range 100--320 K. The results provide evidence for the melting of He in the range 200--280 K and for He diffusion in solid He below 200 K. The observed melting temperatures give a mean He atom density, from which the ratio of He atoms to host atom vacancies is found to be 2.0. An activation energy for He diffusion has been obtained and its relationship to the observed mean melting temperature is compared with that found in bulk /sup 3/He at much lower densities.


The authors, a Brazilian and an American involved in a US$1 billion-plus project to build schools in the state of Rio de Janeiro, discuss how they managed despite monthly inflation of 20-30 percent, nationwide price freezes, and sudden changes in government priorities. Dealing with inflation required detailed tracking, through the use of multiple price indices; this complicated the project and added effort and cost, but without it the work could not have succeeded.


The recent appearance of the Report of the Dairy Industry Committee of Enquiry on theAustralian Dairy Industry, (Melbourne, August 1869) has thrown into sharp relief the problemsof costs and organisation that beset this much criticised industry. The Committee's principalrecommendations — that Commonwealth financial assistance be tapered off over a ten yearperiod, and should gradually move from a bou Uy on production to forms of developmentassistance to farms with sufficient potential, while ethers be aided to leave or eased out ofthe industry — have been sharply attacked. The Committee's report considers the industry asa whole. The distribution, of the industry, and regional variations in the viability of the pro-ducers are not discussed in detail. Victoria is the leading dairying State, and this discussionby an agricultural geographer, calling attention to these neglected aspects, is particularlyapposite at the present time. It will be seen thit within Victoria different areas are likely to beaffected in...


This article proposes a new strategy based on a hybrid method that combines the gravitational search algorithm (GSA) with the bat algorithm (BAT) to solve a single-objective optimization problem. It first runs GSA, followed by BAT as the second step. The proposed approach relies on a parameter between 0 and 1 to address the problem of falling into local research because the lack of a local search mechanism increases intensity search, whereas diversity remains high and easily falls into the local optimum. The improvement is equivalent to the speed of the original BAT. Access speed is increased for the best solution. All solutions in the population are updated before the end of the operation of the proposed algorithm. The diversification feature of BAT has solved the problem of weakness in diversity observed in the algorithm by applying the parameters used in BAT. Moreover, balance is achieved through the intensification properties of the algorithms.


Facebook fan page is used by many organizations to manage its stakeholder. Telkom University manages its Facebook fan page officially to disseminate its activities to its stakeholders. By using Social Network Analysis tools, this fan page's performance can be interpreted by using social network metrics; hence key role user or activity can be identified. This paper shows the topology and centrality and engagement analysis of Telkom University network in social media. There are 6 metrics used to analyse this network. From those metrics we can obtain users behavior in the network. This research shows that most of engaging topics are around visual presentation of Telkom University building and student communal activities. So far its user behavior haven't oriented toward insight gathering activities required by Telkom University to improve its activities. Based on this research we may suggest that to improve its content engagement, Telkom University may focus on topics mentioned above, Telkom University physical facilities and student communal activities.


According to the natural conditions possessed by Dandong,such as intense coverage of forest and richness in natural products,this paper divides Dongdong into the following five zones in order to establish Dandong's ecologic economy:the zone of forest-based ecologic economy and sightseeing in the northeastern mountain area;the zone of forestry and fruit farming in the hilly middle part;the zone of grain-production,fishery,fruit farming and ornamental trees and flowers and plants faming in the southwestern plains;the zone of reed and rice farming in the southern coastal beaches;the zone of fishery along rivers and coasts.This paper holds the view that we should carry out the programs of ecologic public welfare forest and wildwood protection,green passage,forest scenery,natural preserve,return of the grain plots to forestry,rearrange the operating system for ecological economy,definite property right,long statlize the policies of private hills and autonomous construction,and accelerate the development of ecologic economy and the new socialistic countryside building.


We demonstrate a cocrystal-based strategy to create new solid hypergols, i.e. materials exhibiting spontaneous ignition in contact with an oxidant, from typically non-hypergolic fuel molecules, in which the energy content and density of the material can be changed without affecting the ignition delay. Using an imidazole-substituted decaborane as a hypergolic "trigger" component, in combination with energy-rich but non-hypergolic nitrobenzene or pyrazine, yielded hypergolic cocrystals combining improved combustion properties with ultrashort ignition delays as low as 1 ms.


Co-opetition is gaining increasing attention as a potentially useful form of inter-organisational collaboration model to improve firms' sustainable performance. However, limited previous studies have provided a clear substantive theory or offered empirical evidence for the process of sustainability-driven co-opetition. This paper explores how competing companies can collaborate in their supply chains (SCs) to achieve a higher level of sustainability performance by identifying drivers, facilitators and barriers of co-opetition. Based on two explorative case studies of co-opetition in the UK, the findings of this paper lead to a number of propositions and a theoretical framework for sustainability-driven co-opetition in SCs. This study contributes to the literature by providing a more in-depth understanding of co-opetition as a strategic capability for firms. This paper also proves the feasibility of a combined use of Resource-Based View and Network Theory perspectives in explaining a paradoxical inter-organisational relationship like co-opetition. A road map for sustainability-driven co-opetition in SCs is also provided as a heuristic decision model for practitioners.


This paper focused on the practice of "The rural technology contract project" organized and carried out by Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences.The rural technical contract project played an important role to promote agricultural economy development,increase farmers' income and advance the peasant's sci-tech and cultural levels.It also was important to accelerate the translation of scientific and technological achievements in agriculture into productivity.The prerequisite project transformed into practice was determined by advancement of agricultural sci-tech achievements.The basic conditions of implementing project well were farmers'training,hard working and good environment creating.


Introduction : Hypertension is a non-communicable and chronic disease and it is a major national health problem. It happened most of the people aged 35 years and over. Primarily, it came from inappropriate behavior and it made the complications to major organs that may be the major cause of many diseases such as paralysis, stroke, and cardiovascular. The personal prevention of the decease requires to organize the learning experience by applying the health belief to perceive of knowledge and change their behavior. Objective : to compare the risk perceiving of hypertension decease, personal behavior, and blood pressure, between before and after treatment by giving the learning experiences to the risk people. Methodology : Quasi- Experimental research by using purposive sampling from people over 35 years old for 30 people who passed screening and meet the risk of hypertension decease. The data was collected between before and after treatment by immediately giving the learning experiences, followed up after 2 month and analyzed the data by using dependent t-test. Results : There was statistical significant higher average score of perceive of the risk level, risk opportunity, severity, and advantage perception of the hypertension decease preventions. However, obstacle perceiving in preventing the risk was at low level. After gave learning experiences for 2 months, there are no statistical difference when compare diet behavior, exercise, stress management. Overall aspects in terms of prevent hypertension decease have no statistical significant difference. This rejected the research hypothesis. In contrast, the sample group had systolic and diastolic blood pressure lower before having the learning experience set at statistical significant difference. Conclusion : the learning experience is a process that brings about hypertension decease risk perception. The risk people can make the right decision to decrease blood pressure, slow down the new patient number, and decrease hypertension decease. Finally, these can use for prevent hypertension the future


Liquidity risk has many characteristics prompting the need to manage the exposure via a liquidity buffer. The objective of this paper is to build on the scarce empirical evidence surrounding the determinants of authorised deposit-taking institutions (ADIs) liquidity buffers. Of particular interest is the question of how macroeconomic and ADI-specific factors influence Australian-owned ADIs' holdings of liquid assets.