The processible and high yield polyborosilazane (PBSZ) precursor for SiBN ceramics was prepared by coammonolysis reaction of dichlorosilane and trichloroborazine. The synthesized PBSZ precursor was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H, 11B, and 29Si Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and its ceramic conversion chemistry was investigated by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The PBSZ precursor is a viscous liquid and changes to an insoluble solid via a cross-linking reaction between the N-H group and Si-H group as post-heated from 60 to 180°C. The insoluble solid is transformed to Si3N4 and BN amorphous structures with an approximately 95% ceramic yield after being pyrolyzed to 1000°C.


Abstract In this paper, stable mixed formulations are designed and analyzed for the quad div problems under two frameworks presented in [23] and [22], respectively. Analogue discretizations are given with respect to the mixed formulation, and optimal convergence rates are observed, which confirm the theoretical analysis.


Let $X$ be an $n$-dimensional random centered Gaussian vector with independent but not identically distributed coordinates and let $T$ be an orthogonal trasformation of $\mathbb R^n$. We show that the random vector $Y=T(X)$ satisfies $$\mathbb E\sum\limits_{j=1}^k j\mbox{-}\min_{i\leq n}{X_{i}}^2 \leq C\mathbb E\sum\limits_{j=1}^k j\mbox{-}\min_{i\leq n}{Y_{i}}^2$$ for all $k 0$ is a universal constant. This resolves (up to a multiplicative constant) an old question of S.Mallat and O.Zeitouni regarding optimality of the Karhunen-Loeve basis for the nonlinear signal approximation. As a by-product we obtain some relations for order statistics of random vectors (not only Gaussian) which are of independent interest.


Several general principles are helpful to the practicing physician in arriving at the proper diagnosis in cases that involve clinical toxicology. The most important information the physician needs to know is what the working environment of the patient is like. Other factors include knowledge of the general housekeeping of the industrial plant involved, the general level of personal hygiene, and predictions of, and pertinent but not misleading data on, toxic action. Finally, the practicing physician should know where he can turn for advice when he suspects toxic reactions in patients.


This article describes how CSX ensures that trains have a clear passage and make connections in the crucial Clinchfield stretch through the Appalachians. It means consolidating traffic, precision assignment of slots and devising more efficient routes and match-ups. The route is traveled mainly by coal trains. The Carolina, Clinchfield & Ohio (CC&O) first ran Id along this route as a first- class, low-grade line from coalfields in southwestern Virginia to coal-consuming locations on the southeastern Atlantic Seaboard.


This work describes non-invasive observations of dynamic thermal lensing in an end-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser. Measurements were obtained with a nanoscale optical ruler created using chromatic aberrations, pinholes, dispersive gratings, and position-sensitive detectors. This study reports on variations in thermally induced oscillations and on underdamping behavior in the regime of high pump power. Dynamic data related to the thermal behavior can be used to study the balance between driving forces (pumping and thermal stresses) and damping losses (cooling and output coupling). The non-invasive nature of the proposed scheme along with its sub-100-nm axial resolution, sub-millisecond time resolution, and simple configuration makes it widely applicable for studying heat-related phenomena within laser crystals. The preliminary results show that such non-invasive methods could be used to detect thermally induced nanoscale deformations in integrated circuits, high-power optoelectronic devices, and optical devices with high-power illumination.


OBJECTIVE:To enhance the quality control in the course of therapeutic drug monitoring(TDM).METHODS:The prospective and retrospective quality control were performed on application,sampling,detection and data processing,inˉcluding within-ward and neighboring ward quality control.RESULTS:The work norm of quality control was estabˉlished.CONCLUSION:Great emphasis ought to be given to quality control since it plays a decisive role in improving the acˉcuracy and precision of TDM result.


TO THE EDITOR: From 2000 to 2009, national and New South Wales gonorrhoea notification rates were reasonably stable, but since 2010 have shown a marked rise.1 In a recent inner Sydney clinic-based study, most infections were in men who have sex with men (MSM), and chlamydia coinfection was common.2 In 2010, NSW Health introduced a new notifiable diseases database, which enables linking of multiple disease notifications from the same individual. We used the database to examine the pattern of notifications of gonorrhoea infection, reinfection and co-infection in residents of South Eastern Sydney Local Health District from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2012. Ethics approval was not required as the Director of the Public Health Unit (M J F) is custodian of local notifiable diseases data and has authority to publish such data. During the study period, 3132 cases of gonorrhoea were reported. We concentrated our analyses on men, who represented 2765 cases (88.3%). Of note was a fourfold increase in throat infections, from 87 in 2010 to 352 in 2012, and a 78.8% rise in anorectal infections, from 236 in 2010 to 422 in 2012 (Box 1). Almost one in 10 notifications (9.2%) were for two or more sites of infection. The 2765 notifications were for 2430 men, of whom 272 (11.2%) had more than one episode of gonorrhoea infection in the 3-year period, or an 8.1% reinfection rate within 1 year. Thirteen men had notifications of infection at the same site within 10 weeks of the original notification; some of these may have represented treatment failure, an important concern in the context of increasing antibiotic resistance among isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.3 The numbers of men with concurrent notifications of either primary or secondary syphilis or chlamydia are shown in Box 2. In addition, 841 men (34.6%) had notifications of two or more episodes of any sexually transmissible infection at any time during the 3-year period. This population-based analysis allowed us to quantify the frequency of multiple notifiable sexually transmissible infections in men living in south-eastern Sydney, an area with Australia's largest concentration of MSM,4 and in whom there has been a high rate of infectious syphilis.5 The rates of reinfection6 and co-infection with chlamydia2 were similar to those reported in sexual health clinic clients. As gonorrhoea is notifiable only by laboratories, demographic and risk factor information is not routinely provided. Work is currently proceeding in NSW on using enhanced surveillance to gain information on Indigenous status and risk factors for gonorrhoea infection.


We establish results concerning the profinite completions of 3-manifold groups. In particular, we prove that the complement of the figure-eight knot $S^3-K$ is distinguished from all other compact 3-manifolds by the set of finite quotients of its fundamental group. In addition, we show that if $M$ is a compact 3-manifold with $b_1(M)=1$, and $\pi_1(M)$ has the same finite quotients as a free-by-cyclic group $F_r\rtimes\mathbb{Z}$, then $M$ has non-empty boundary, fibres over the circle with compact fibre, and $\pi_1(M)\cong F_r\rtimes_\psi\mathbb{Z}$ for some $\psi\in{\rm{Out}}(F_r)$.


Background: The unmonitored surge in the usage of Internet recently has led to Internet Addiction. Internet is a classical instrument known to stimulate addictive behaviour which is on the verge of developing into a considerable public health emergency in the future in a densely populated country like India. Adolescents are more susceptible to this as they spend more time browsing the web. This cross sectional study intends to find out the co-morbidities associated with Internet Addiction in students of health sciences in India.Methods: The study was conducted in an Indian Medical and Dental College. 900 students were randomly selected to fill up the questionnaire. 618 students fulfilled the selection criteria. Young's Internet Addiction Test was used for assessing the prevalence of Internet Addiction. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used to measure the self-esteem.Results: 19.5% students were not addicted to Internet. 61% of students were mildly addicted while 19.5% students were moderately addicted. Significant association was found between academic performance and Internet Addiction. Also, Internet Addiction had no significant association with Self- Esteem and Obesity.Conclusions: Proper screening methods should be used for prompt detection and management of Internet Addiction and awareness should be made about the same. It should be given more attention and students should be made to understand about healthy and safe practices to use internet. There is a need of an improved questionnaire which can provide us better understanding of internet usage by people in terms of amount of time and purpose of using the internet.


It is the purpose of this paper to make clear the correlation between the quantity of growth and the plant height of annual summer forage crops, such as corn, sunflower, sudan grass and new sorgo, under various cultural conditions. Data were given from the several experiments on the cultures of these crops, carried out in 1963 and 1964. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The relations between the quantity of growth (W) and the plant height (H) during the whole growth periods are shown by a single log W∼log H regression line for each crop under a definite density, irrespective of some differences in cultural conditions, such as sowing time, amount of fertilizer and cutting treatments as far as the density is not too high. 2) The plant height of crops, therfore, can always be used for the estimation of soiling yields under the conditions above mentioned. 3) When corn was grown under high density, however, the log W∼log H regression line was bent (Fig. 3 (A) and Fig. 5). And the regression lines tended to segregate into different ones according to individual densities. 4) Estimation of the quantity of growth under high density and comparison of this among different densities by the plant height of crops, therefore, are not easy and not practical.


The effectiveness of exclusive bus lane is hot potatoes in practical as well as academic field. In particular, that of Kyoungbu Expressway implemented from 1st of October in 2009 has been the major target of critics due to the reason that it has worsened the road condition by shrinking the road capacity of general lane. By setting the model of users' choice under the imperfect substitutability between modes this paper made clear under what condition efficiency of exclusive bus lane could be effective instrument to handle the road condition. Furthermore, this paper evaluated the equity among different mode users and among regions. This paper shows that users' preferences to private car is key factor in determining the efficiency of exclusive bus lane. Thus, exclusive bus lane might not be better choice to cope with road congestion when users' preference to private car is strong. In this case, exclusive bus lane accompanied by road expansion or road expansion only might be more effective policies than exclusive bus lane only. However, exclusive is not regressive policy option, since public transport user could be more benefitted by that policy. By applying the analytical model to the situation of Kyoungbu Expressway, this paper shows that exclusive bus lane has greatly increased the public transport users' benefit even though it decreased the benefit of private car users slightly. Thus, average users' benefit might be increased with express bus lane. Furthermore this paper shows that users' benefit of Seoul city has increased with implementation of express bus lane. This paper also suggested that flexible operation would be desirable to enhance the efficiency of express bus lane and also suggested that better equipment of public transport system could be desirable way to derive the consent to express bus lane from the private car users.


Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a global health priority, and health-care personnel (HCP) have 10 times higher prevalence than the general population. Seromonitoring identifies those with low titers and vaccine nonresponders with increased risk. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) titers and associated factors among HCP vaccinated against hepatitis B in a teaching hospital in Kerala. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 454 vaccinated HCP, and anti-HBs antibody titers were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: Participants included 162 (35.7%) doctors, 132 (29.3%) nursing and laboratory personnel, and 160 (35.3%) supporting staff. The mean age was 38.06 ± 11.33 years, and 72% were female. Majority (92.5%, 420) were seroprotected and 78.9% (358) with high (>100 mIU) titers. Moderate (10–100 mIU) and low (<10 mIU) level seroprotection was seen in 13.7% (62) and 7.5% (34), respectively. Incomplete vaccination, >10 years since vaccination, and age >40 years were independent predictors for poor seroprotection, while increasing doses and boosters were positively associated. Conclusions: Majority of vaccinated HCP were seroprotected. Incomplete schedules, older age, and prolonged time since vaccination can lead to decline in titers, and periodical seromonitoring should guide hepatitis B revaccination strategies.


In recent years the demand for medicinal and aromatic plants has been grown rapidly because of accelerated local, national and international interest on herbal products. Due to continued unsustainable collection and increasing market demand, numerous plant species are on verge of the extinction. High risks, transaction costs and lack of trust among chain outworker prevent producers from taking up cultivation of medicinal plants. Present study explained the steps followed by the "ANKUR" a non government organisation (NGO), which played a key role in coordinating and mobilizing the Government Department and other Institutions in the Chamoli District to help privileged farmers link up with reliable markets for raw material and market high-value medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs). Picrorhiza kurrooa Royle ex Benth. and Saussurea costus L., the high value medicinal plants, was the focus of the case study. As a result of such activity, the farmers substantially interested in promotion and cultivation of these MAPs, and hence, improving their livelihood. Therefore, this case study is a step-by-step explanation how this NGO helped farmers to overcome these constraints and how the supply chain for P. kurrooa and S. costus were established in the Ghat block of the District Chamoli, Uttarakhand. (V. K. Bisht, A. S. Kathait, J. S. Negi, A. K. Bhandari and C. S. Rana. Development of Market Supply chain for Picrorhiza kurrooa and Saussurea costus in the district Chamoli of the Uttarakhand state, India: a case study. Report and Opinion 2011;3(5):14-17). (ISSN: 1553-9873). http://www.sciencepub.net.


With the ubiquitous adoption of Microsoft's .NET and PowerShell frameworks, an ever increasing number of software development and IT ninjas are joining a nascent tradition of professionals leveraging these powerful environments for added effi cacy in their everyday jobs. With a wide array of libraries and cmdlets at their fi ngertips, the need to reinvent the wheel is long forgotten. Of course, malware writers are not far behind – they too have seen the light and are eager to use these convenient tools against us. Whether it's for everyday ransomware or state-sponsored targeted campaigns, cybercriminals are now emboldened by a new arsenal that enables them to adapt with ease and agility. Are you ready to defend yourself against this emerging threat? It's time to understand our adversaries' capabilities. In this paper, we'll analyse select in-the-wild malware samples, picking apart the inner workings of these dastardly creations. We'll introduce the cloaking mechanisms adopted by cybercriminals, moving beyond managed code in execution environments to the devious packers, obfuscators and crypters leveraged in conjunction with these powerful frameworks in order to baffl e malware analysts and forensic investigators. Knowing is not enough; we must apply. Willing is not enough; we must do. With a plethora of post exploitation and lateral movement tools created and customized every day in rapid application development environments and high-level programming languages, defending against this kind of pervasive opponent is a full-time job. THE RISE OF .NET AND POWERSHELL MALWARE Gone are the days when a programming-savvy malware writer would lock him/herself up in a dark basement, looking at a glaring screen fi lled with assembly code. A challenge to the status quo has succeeded and now the self-titled cybercrime industry has become a booming business, with criminals all around the world wanting to jump on the bandwagon and get a piece of the action. With a greater availability of high-level programming languages each day, some of which are even taught in high-schooland university-level courses thanks to their simplicity, lots of curious 'wannabe criminals' with dubious intentions fi nd themselves surprisingly well equipped to reach into the depths of the Internet and pull out examples of source code and step-by-step tutorials to create their next malicious campaign. Instead of wanting to showcase their technical expertise or intellectual capacity, criminals have adopted proven practices from agile software development and business administration that focus on maximizing profi ts while minimizing the development time and maintenance cost of these dreadful concoctions. In 2002, Microsoft released a game-changing framework that revolutionized the software development industry and unwittingly provided malware writers with an unimaginable arsenal of weapons. While 'script kiddies' resorted to builders and automated environments to cobble together variations of already-available malware samples, seasoned malware writers now had access to forums with approachable lessons on how to write fresh pieces of malicious code, all with an eye to the most desirable feature of all: avoiding anti-virus detection for as long as possible. Intended to compete directly with Oracle's JAVA platform, the .NET framework provided not only a comprehensive library of built-in functions but also an accompanying development environment capable of supporting several high-level programming languages including Microsoft's soon-to-be-fl agship C# and the evolution of Visual Basic, dubbed VB .NET. Available by default in most Windows installations, the .NET framework has become the de facto standard for software development in Microsoft's family of operating systems. Moreover, with the 2006 addition of the increasingly powerful PowerShell scripting framework, the interaction between .NET's supported programming languages and scripting automation has given software developers and system administrators an easy way to interface not only with the operating system but nearly all Microsoft software, ranging from the Offi ce suite to the crown jewel, the SQL Server database engine. Vast amounts of ready-to-use functionality make the combination of .NET and PowerShell a deadly tool in the hands of cybercriminals. The straightforward value is immediate: developing simple yet effective applications to send spam, brute forcing credentials for virtually any service, or creating the next global malicious campaign. The added benefi t: PowerShell being ubiquitously whitelisted due to its importance in everyday Windows system administration and other recurring management activities makes it harder to prevent attacks that are reliant on these deeply ingrained operating system components. With access to a powerful integrated development environment (IDE) such as the newly free Visual Studio, even application lifecycle management and rapid application development practices have become easier and are increasingly adopted by today's cybercriminals with aspirations of forming part of an organized industry. Clearly defi ned separations between programmers, designers, testers, command-and-control server administrators, and everyone involved in cybercriminal operations translates into maximum effi ciency and, in turn, maximum profi ts. Computer-enabled crime and fraud have become a faithful refl ection of their 'real-life' counterparts. With cybercrime gangs stealing millions of dollars from institutions (examples include Carbanak and gangs like the recently apprehended Svpeng), we are witnessing a paradigm shift in computer crime away from the 'one-man show' to that of an earnest team effort. On the other side of the table, we fi nd cooperation between private security research companies and law enforcement agencies proving paramount in combating these borderless threats. The evolution in the complexity and quantity of .NET and PowerShell malware is becoming a reality, and as security researchers we need to be ready to fi ght back against these types of threats with the proper tools and knowledge. THE TAO OF .NET AND POWERSHELL MALWARE ANALYSIS PONTIROLI & MARTINEZ 100 VIRUS BULLETIN CONFERENCE SEPTEMBER 2015 Whereas normal PE samples are better analysed using a debugger such as Olly or a disassembler such as IDA Pro, understanding .NET malware samples requires a specifi c set of tools that will make the malware analyst's life much easier. The availability of free and open-source decompilers and a plethora of tools to help in our analysis tasks means that not only can cybercriminals benefi t from the use of high-level programming languages, but we can benefi t as well. As with any endeavour, building the right toolset means getting prebuilt tools but also being ready to develop our own when needed. What better than to fi ght fi re with fi re, by using Visual Studio, PowerShell and C# in our daily fi ght against malware? Integrating PowerShell with several .NET libraries and DLLs from currently available decompilers such as ILSpy will allow any analyst to create a standardized process that fi ts his needs, enabling quick determination both of the sample's behaviour and whether it warrants further research. To understand the differences in the analysis of .NET assemblies we'll need fi rst to briefl y review how the framework works and how a .NET PE is built. We have already seen that cybercriminals have changed their habits to adopt new malware development practices, and as defendants we should adapt our analysis environments too in order to counteract this evolving threat in an effi cient manner. .NET FRAMEWORK INTERNALS It was within Microsoft's original plans to build the .NET Framework with the ambitious goal of providing developers a single platform on which they could build all kinds of applications. In theory, this revolutionary framework was to be supported by a wide range of operating systems outside the Microsoft ecosystem, having an ECMA specifi cation in place so as to aid the development of open-source implementations (e.g. the Mono Project). Even though Microsoft has only recently shared parts of the .NET Framework with the community via the GitHub repository, it's certainly a step in the right direction when it comes to interoperability and multi-platform support. It's worth noting that the .NET Framework family also includes two versions for mobile or embedded device use. A reduced version of the framework, .NET Compact Framework, is available on Windows CE platforms, including Windows Mobile devices such as smartphones. Additionally, .NET Micro Framework is targeted at severely resource-constrained devices. Amidst the number of open-sourced .NET related projects, we can fi nd the compiler platform code-named 'Roslyn', which provides open-source C# and Visual Basic compilers with rich code analysis APIs. Moreover, the .NET Core platform is made up of several components, including the aforementioned managed compilers, the runtime, the BCL and the application model, such as ASP.NET. The majority of .NET Core platform projects typically use either the MIT or Apache 2 code licences. Some projects license their documentation and other forms of content under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0. The Mono Project is a software platform designed to allow developers to easily create cross-platform applications (Figure 1). It is an open-source implementation of Microsoft's .NET Framework based on the ECMA standards for C# and the Common Language Runtime. Along with the implementation of the CLR we can also fi nd a cross-platform IDE named MonoDevelop, making a perfect companionship for cross-platform .NET developers. As of Windows XP SP2 (and Windows 2003 server editions), the .NET Framework is included by default in Microsoft operating systems. The inclusion of version 2.0 in Windows XP SP2 paved the way for the availability of newer versions in editions of Windows to follow.


This note extends previous studies and further examines the market reaction to short-term executive compensation plan introduction by using a larger sample and controling for proxy and industry effects. Results indicate significantly positive abnormal returns not due to proxy or industry effects in the four months before adoption and the month of adoption. The price adjustment is not instantaneous. Firms adopting short-term compensation plans also experience significantly positive abnormal returns ten months after announcement, associated with positive unexpected earnings in that month.


This investigation in psychosurgery is aimed at eliminating one of the variables, namely, the location of the lesions. The stereotaxic method of Leksell produces thermocoagulative lesions in the frontal lobes with great precision, as shown by the roentgenograms. The author of this monograph examined personally most of the patients and repeatedly examined 44 of them at intervals up to 2 years. The numerous tables deal, not only with the types of patients, but also with special symptoms and their response to the standard lesions—working capacity, side effects, and so forth. Almost every phase has been covered. It is rather incongruous to note that while tension and anxiety are the symptoms at the top of the list in degree of relief, yet the patients with anxiety neuroses had, on the whole, the poorest outcome when judged by later performance and by the patient's subjective condition. Psychological tests showed general improvement in


It has been recognized that the gas insulating medium SF6 decomposes when the partial over-thermal fault (POF) occurs inside the equipment. The insulation condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of the equipment can be carried out by utilizing the decomposition characteristics of SF6 under POF. Similar to the discharge decomposition of SF6, trace H2O is an important factor affecting the decomposition of SF6 under POF while its mechanism is not clear yet. In order to investigate the characteristics and micro mechanism of decomposition, the paper combines isotope tracer by adding H218O as a tracer into SF6 gas and carries out experiments. Detecting the concentration and isotope abundance of products by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, the paper studied the influence of H2O on the production of decomposition products and the specific formation process of CO2, SO2F2, SOF2 and SO2 under the influence of H2O. The research further verified the assumption on formation process of CO2 and SO2 and also brought up with new theory on the formation of SO2F2 and SOF2 based on experimental results.


The invention provides a running device and a braking control method for the running device. A parallel two-wheeled vehicle comprises brake means for braking the two wheels directly. Further comprised are a body (1), a pair of drive units (2A, 2B) mounted coaxially on the body (1), a T-shaped handle (3) to be gripped by a driver, a device (4) for detecting the longitudinal inclination of the body(1), and a brake lever (5). Further comprised is a brake detecting device (6) for detecting the operational information of the brake lever (5). The body (1) includes a vehicle speed detecting device (7) for determining a vehicle speed from a relative angular velocity, as detected by the drive units (2A, 2B), between the body and the wheels, a target speed setting device (8) for setting a target vehicle speed from the outputs of the brake detecting device (6) and the vehicle speed detecting device (7), and a stabilization control device (9) for controlling the vehicle to follow the target angle, the target angular velocity and the target vehicle speed stably. Powder brakes (10A, 10B) are mounted in the drive units (2A, 2B), respectively.


Lewis base molecules that bind undercoordinated lead atoms at interfaces and grain boundaries (GBs) are known to enhance the durability of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Using density functional theory calculations, we found that phosphine-containing molecules have the strongest binding energy among members of a library of Lewis base molecules studied herein. Experimentally, we found that the best inverted PSC treated with 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (DPPP), a diphosphine Lewis base that passivates, binds, and bridges interfaces and GBs, retained a power conversion efficiency (PCE) slightly higher than its initial PCE of ~23% after continuous operation under simulated AM1.5 illumination at the maximum power point and at ~40°C for >3500 hours. DPPP-treated devices showed a similar increase in PCE after being kept under open-circuit conditions at 85°C for >1500 hours. Description Phosphorus stabilization of perovskites Lewis base molecules that contain electron-donating atoms such as oxygen or sulfur can bind to undercoordinated lead atoms and passivate defects at interfaces and grain boundaries in perovskite films. Li et al. used density functional theory to screen potential Lewis bases and found that phosphorus-containing molecules showed the strongest binding to lead. A small amount of 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane stabilized inverted perovskite solar cells. The solar cells could maintain a power conversion efficiency of about 23% for more than 1500 hours under open-circuit conditions at 85°C. —PDS A phosphorus-containing Lewis-base molecule passivates and bridges perovskite grain boundaries and interfaces.


The financial storm which arose by the sub-prime credit crisis of American has been spreading around the world.The influence of financial crisis has been extended to Chinese economy by export and import owing to the high degree of dependence on foreign trade.In order to realize the Rise of Central China by science and technology innovation,the central region in China with slow economic development relatively should take powerful strategies to seize this opportunity.Such as improving macroeconomic policies in science and technology innovation,and promoting the Industry-Academy-Research cooperation to speed up transformation of scientific and technological achievements.Meanwhile,changing the traditional mode of economic development to enhance regional cooperation,and creating the world well-known brands by self-renovation.At the same time,stimulating domestic demand,and controlling environmental pollution to develop circular economy vigorously as well.


Objectives/Goals This research explores the potential for vegetable oil based fuels as substitutes for diesel. Increased oil prices and environmental concerns have focussed attention on alternative fuels. Our project hypothesis is that the use of waste vegetable oil (WVO), virgin vegetable oil (VO) and Bio-Diesel made from vegetable oils are all viable alternatives to using petroleum based diesel fuel. Methods/Materials To reach our conclusions, the research addressed the trade-offs in emissions, performance and economics of running vegetable oil based fuels in cars as compared to diesel. In addition, emissions data was collected for eight randomly selected gasoline cars to understand the emissions from gasoline. The economics of using corn derived ethanol (E-85) was also included in this study although the team did not conduct any emission testing on this bio-fuel. A 1987 Mercedes Benz 300 Turbo Diesel was converted by Lovecraft Bio-Fuels to run on vegetable oil. The conversion requires specialized pumps, filters and heat exchangers to accommodate the higher viscosity fuel. In addition, the vehicle was outfitted with a secondary test tank to accurately measure fuel consumption. Testing was conducted on a fixed course of 11.4 miles. The vehicle was driven in a controlled manner replicating each run with a variation of only 2-3% between tests. The amount of fuel consumed was measured in grams and converted to gallons. Results The results support our hypothesis that vegetable oil as a viable fuel source. The emission of carbon monoxide for diesel engines was lower than the typical gasoline car. Nitrous Oxides, however, appear to run 4-6 times higher than gasoline, an issue that can be corrected if pollution control equipment were to be installed on diesel cars. WVO appears to produce 17.5% lower NO emissions than diesel fuel. The fact that the CO2 emissions from vegetable oil fuels are re-cycled by plants means the environmental impact is significantly lower than petroleum fuels which release new carbon into the atmosphere. Conclusions/Discussion WVO, which requires no special processing,is the most environmentally favorable. In terms of economics, WVO fuel is considerably cheaper at a $0.02 per mile in cost versus Diesel at $0.12 per mile. Bio-Diesel ($0.15/mile) and gasoline ($0.17/mile) were considerably higher. Ethanol came in at $0.25 per mile undermining its potential as a viable substitute for gasoline.


In an acidic medium of 0.27 mol·L~(-1) H_2SO_4,molybdate is reduced by fructose,which is produced quantitatively by the hydrolysis of sucrose,to form molybdenum blue.The absorbance of molybdenum blue was measured at its wavelength of absorption maxima 700 nm,where beer′s law is kept in the range of 0.15-19.07 mg per L~(-1) in terms of sucrose,with its molar absorptivity of 1.35×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1).Results of test for interferences showed that the selectivity of the method was satisfactory for the determination of sucrose.RSD′s found in the determination of sucrose in sugarcane juice samples were in the range of 0.53%~0.66% corresponding to the sucrose concentration of 119-157 g·L~(-1).Recoveries obtained by the standard addition method were in the range from 97.9% to 102.4%.


This research was conducted in Bulog Regional Division of East Java. This study aims to determine the company's accounting performance in BULOG procurement of unhusked rice and rice when using patterns and Implementation of Corporate Governance principles and determine the mechanism performance of companies in the Bulog division of unhusked rice and rice procurement, and when using high quality human resources management. This study uses a qualitative method. The results showed that In the aspect of transparency, Bulog gives an information of Bulog accounting in rice buying and selling on Bulog member, but it does not show the financial statements of the procurement and purchase of grain which areopenly tothe public. In the aspect of accountability, it is reported through LIS (Logistics Information System) room at that the analysis of the Bulog accounting integrated with the Bulog centre in the internal audit assignment. Responsibilities Aspect in Bulog Regional Division of East Java Bulog area is responsibility accounting based on SAB (Bulog Accounting Standards) in accordance with the basic principles of national financial accounting. The fairness aspect is based on the protection of worker equitably based on SOP (Standard Operating Procedure). Explanation SOP from the decision of the company director in .Article 293 that every head of the organization shall over see the implementation of subordinate task and if it irregularities, it will be subject to the laws and regulations without distinguishing the perpetrator. Keywords: Company's Accounting, Implementation of Corporate Governance.


Potential users of this article are engineers who can estimate mean values, standard deviations, and maybe correlations, but nothing else. By accepting analytical limitations of bounded rationality, the proposed method relies on expected utility to evaluate and control risk from each constraint. In this framework, disutility is close to zero when the constraint holds, while it strongly increases as the shortfall between both sides of the constraint increases. By ensuring high expected utility levels, the method yields either linear deterministic equivalents (very helpful for solving large-scale problems) or deterministic equivalents which are quadratic in the constraints but linear in the objective function. A case study of textile blends is developed for seven types of textile fibre and two random constraints, one concerning tensile strength and the other light fastness. A sensitivity analysis shows the consistency of the solutions.


The eastern borderlands of the Democratic Republic of the Congo have long been the site of regional politics and conflict, and yet they have rarely been depicted on screen. In The Mercy of the Jungle, Rwandan filmmaker Joel Karekezi uses this evocative backdrop to deliver a complex, nuanced, and at times seductively entertaining follow-up to his first feature, Imbabazi: the Pardon (2013). In Imbabazi, Karekezi tackled the intensely personal issues of forgiveness and reconciliation after the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. With his second feature, Karekezi picks up temporally where he left off, focusing now on the larger geopolitical repercussions of the genocide, following the stream of people westward into the DRC and the violence that accompanied them. Inspired by the experiences of his Congolese cousin, Karekezi interrogates the meaning and meaninglessness of war, using the ecology of the jungle as a window into the complex dynamics of trauma. Set in 1998 during the Second Congo War, The Mercy of the Jungle follows two soldiers, General Xavier (played by Marc Zinga) and Faustin (Stéphane Bak), as they attempt to rejoin their Rwandan regiment (which is responsible for hunting down fleeing genocide perpetrators) after having been inadvertently separated. Xavier, an experienced yet haunted solider, and Faustin, a new recruit eager to make a good impression, do not begin as friends. As they trek through the jungle, seeking refuge among the local Congolese population and fighting their way back to their home base in an odyssey-esque expedition, together Xavier and Faustin contend not only with the environment, but also with a complex sense of their own duty as soldiers and thus their complicity in this multidimensional conflict. While Mercy is a story of friendship and survival, it also deals with the difficult questions of guilt, revenge, and humanity as Xavier and Faustin increasingly question their role in and responsibility for the war around them. As the third protagonist in the film, Mercy's jungle (referred to as such to highlight the equatorial forest's near-overwhelming density) is as complex and multifaceted as the soldiers who find themselves lost in its vast terrain. The environment has long figured into local and international imaginations of Africa—whether as part of colonial naturalizing


Introduction Osmotic agents, chiefly urea and mannitol, currently are widely utilized to obtain rapid and profound, albeit transient, drops in the intraocular and intracranial pressure. Ideally such an agent should be effective both orally and intravenously, since the oral route in appropriate patients would avoid the hazards associated with the introduction of hypertonic solutions directly into the vascular system. Although Javid1utilized urea (and effectively so) via the gastric route, the emetic and purgative effect made him consider the intravenous route preferable. Since mannitol is not absorbed from the intestinal tract, it is not effective when given by mouth. The present investigation concerns the effect of orally administered glycerin (glycerol) on the intraocular tension in 16 glaucomatous eyes. Methods Glycerin (Mallinckrodt, C. P.) in various amounts diluted with orange juice to a total volume of 250 cc was given orally to uncontrolled glaucoma patients selected from the Eye Clinic


ABSTRACT Public participation in environmental governance is typically associated with citizen access to power despite many closures and limitations having been identified in participatory processes. This article proposes an analytical framework to analyse discursive practices involved in public consultation processes. Critical Discourse Analysis is used to examine and appraise citizens' access, standing and influence. We apply that framework to a 'notice and comment' process on a hydroelectric power plan in Portugal and show that it was discursively managed to justify the decision of constructing 10 large dams and to reject critical or alternative views. Citizens' access, standing and influence were constrained through diverse discursive practices which (re)produced very unequal power relations between policy proponents and participating individuals. More generally, the article illustrates the potential of Critical Discourse Analysis to assess voice(s) in policy processes. Focusing on argumentative, interactional and rhetorical levels, and how they are interwoven in public consultation discourses, the proposed framework is conceivably applicable in other studies.


ABSTRACT A dynamic calibration system for transient surface temperature detectors is introduced. In this system a pulse laser and a continuous laser are used as excitation sources. The static and dynamic calibrations have been carried out respectively with the use of the continuous CO2 laser and Nd-glass pulse laser. Several quick response thermocoupleshave been tested on the system. The experimental results have shown that this calibration system can be used to calibratetransient surface temperature detectors with a time response on order of microseconds.Keyword dynamic calibration, pulse laser, effipsoidal reflector, infrared detector, transient surface temperature detector 1JNTRODUCTION In the field of weapons, the measurement of transient surface temperature is important to the research of the performance and service life of guns. It is the circumstances of high temperature and high pressure in the bore of a gunthat makes the measurement oftransient surface temperature difficulty. At present, there are many methods of measuringtransient surface temperature. These methods can be divided roughly into two categories: the contact method and thenon-contact method. For example, the contact detectors specially designed for measuring the temperature field of flameand the surface temperatures at some parts of space shuttle when back to atmosphere are used in US. The thermocouple,which is made of NiCrINiSi, used to measuring transient temperature of bore wall of the 7.62mm guns was reported inUs and its response time can reach 1O s 11.In the measurement of transient temperature, we can also apply some non-contact methods, such as laser interferometry, spectrometry, etc.


The impulse of many conceptual and performance artists towards the dematerialization of the art object into language during the late 1960s was paralleled by work from a series of artists and writers that appeared in 0-9, a journal co-edited by Vito Acconci and Bernadette Mayer between 1967 and 1969. Like many of the conceptual documents produced during this period, 0-9 was characterized by its transient reproducibility: it was at once a piece of disposable, xeroxed ephemera and at the same time part of a limited edition. A key trait of several of the writers published in 0-9 was the foregrounding of the translatative act as one of translocation: of spaces, language and bodies in transit between points. In particular, projects that appeared in 0-9 by Adrian Piper, Bernadette Mayer and Hannah Weiner each engaged with the possibilities of materializing the space and process of translation across the pages of the magazine. Piper's work in the journal shows evidence of a self-reflexive attention to the page as a material surface. In issue 5, for example, she numbered two gridded squares from I to 64. Each square presented a different arrangement of the numbers that corresponded to a different sequential route. Piper then attempted to map all the possible routes through the squares, as a series of instructions: '2) begin upper right corner and proceed vertically', or, '13) leaving 4 horizontal rows below middle constant, begin upper middle right corner and proceed vertically', etc. The series of instructions are at once a map and a record of all the possible permutations of reading the square. Her analysis Redell Olsen


Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) is an efficient technique to reduce the treatment time and intrafractional motion to treat spine patients presented with severe back pain. Five patients treated with spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) using 9 beams intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) were retrospectively selected for this study. The patients were replanned using two arcs VMAT technique. The average mean dose was 104% ± 1.2% and 104.1% ± 1.0% in IMRT and VMAT, respectively (p = 0.9). Accordingly, the average conformal index (CI) was 1.3 ± 0.1 and 1.5 ± 0.3, respectively (p = 0.5). The average dose gradient (DG) distance was 1.5 ± 0.1 cm and 1.4 ± 0.1 cm, respectively (p = 0.3). The average spinal cord maximum dose was 11.6 ± 1.0 Gy and 11.8 ± 1.1 Gy (p = 0.8) and V 10Gy was 7.4 ± 1.4 cc and 8.6 ± 1.7 cc (p = 0.4) for IMRT and VMAT, respectively. Accordingly, the average number of monitor units (MUs) was 6771.7 ± 1323.3 MU and 3978 ± 576.7 MU respectively (p = 0.02). The use of VMAT for spine SBRT patients with severe back pain can reduce the treatment time and intrafractional motion.


Many new physics models beyond the Standard Model, motivated by the recent astrophysical anomalies, include the possibility of several new types of light weak-interacting particles. Typical models, such as Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and Hidden Dark-sector Model, predict the light Higgs and dark bosons, respectively. The masses of these particles are expected to be a few GeV and thus making them accessible at BESIII. BESIII has recently explored the possibility of light Higgs and dark bosons in several decay modes using the data-sets collected at $J/\psi$, $\psi(3686)$ and $\psi(3770)$ resonances. The $J/\psi$ data have further utilized to search for invisible decays of light vector ($V=\omega, \phi$) and pseudo-scalar ($P=\eta, \eta'$) mesons via $J/\psi \to VP$ decays. This report summarizes the recent results of the BESIII experiment on these new physics topics.


We created two artificial modulating proteins for bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signalling, tmw57 and tmw61, starting from partial sequences of human BMP-2 (hBMP-2). The proteins were able to boost the hBMP-4 activities, BMP responsive element-driven transcription and an osteoblastic differentiation marker induction.


A densitometric thin-layer chromatographic method has been established for the analysis of celecoxib, etoricoxib, and valdecoxib in pharmaceutical formulations. TLC was performed on silica gel 60 F254 plates with chloroform-acetone-toluene 12:5:2 (v/v) as mobile phase. UV detection was performed by densitometric scanning at 254 and 290 nm. The method was validated by determination of linearity, precision, limits of detection, and determination (from 0.0017 to 0.0848 μg per band) and accuracy (from 99.16 to 100.48%).


The effect of ozonation on the biodegradability of distillery wastewater in a batch anaerobic digester was investigated in semi-batch pilot-scale experiments. The organic matter and color reductions as well as gas production were monitored. The total COD and color reduction during the 30 minute ozonation were 24  11% and 51  7 %, respectively. Further anaerobic treatment resulted in average total COD reduction of 57  7 % compared to 38  14% for wastewater similarly treated by batch anaerobic digester and without prior ozonation. Without ozonation pre-treatment, there was no color removal in the anaerobically treated wastewater. While with ozonation pre-treatment 44  12% color removal was achieved. Gas production for wastewater with and without ozonation pre-treatment was 27 L and 28 L, respectively. The biogas production in the anaerobic digester was more stable when the influent is pretreated with ozonation than without prior ozonation pre-treatment.


The performance of a chip combiner DS/BPSK receiver is analysed by means of an extensive Monte-Carlo computer simulation in an AWGN channel, in pulsed WGN and in CW interference using BPSK modulation and an optimum convolutional code of constraint length 7 and code rate 1/2. It is assumed that an interleaver will randomize error bursts. The receiver employs a soft decision Viterbi decoder and a chip combiner interference estimation circuit. The receiver structure eliminates the need for a fast-acting AGC circuit and instead it is assumed that the AGC will remain constant under an interference pulse. The chip combiner DS receiver proved to be robust in the pulsed interference. The optimum erasure level can be determined by simulation if the interference scenario is known. Otherwise good compromises can be determined.


One of the strategies use of the company in products introducing and services is by advertising. advertising media so many using now that is social media or marketing Social Media. One of the travel company used social media as advertising media is PT Indah Tamara Tour & Travel. In except to advertising strategy the company also needs to develop Brand Awareness will be the company's brand for its products familliar among consumers. The purpose of this research is to determine of the effect of advertising on brand awareness of consumers and the influence of social media on the relationship between Advertising with Brand awareness consumers. Sampling technique in this research use Simple Random sampling method. Data collection techniques use in this research was by means of questionnaires. The result of hypothesis 1, t test (13,347) ˃ t table (1,966) with significance value 0,000


Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Using a CB2EGFP reporter mouse, we document peripheral cannabinoid mechanisms for suppressing chemotherapy-induced neuropathic nociception and elucidate CB2-expressing cells that are dynamically regulated by paclitaxel.


The synergistic benefits of combining observations from multiple space geodesy techniques located at a site are a main reason behind the proposal for the establishment of the International Space Geodetic and Gravimetric Network (ISGN). However, the full benefits of inter-comparison are only realized when the spatial relationships between the different space geodetic systems are accurately determined. These spatial relationships are best determined and documented by developing a local reference network of stable ground monuments and conducting periodic surveys to tie together the reference points (for example: the intersection of rotation axes of a VLBI antenna) of the space geodetic systems and the ground monument network. The data obtained from local surveys is vital to helping understand any systematic errors within an individual technique and to helping identify any local movement or deformation of the space geodetic systems over time.


The experiments consisted in injecting brief ( 20 ms), non-perturbing (nneon/ne 0.5%) puffs of neon during the current flat top of MHD quiescent (q (0) > 1) discharges and measuring its penetration with two Ultrasoft X-ray (USXR) diode arrays [5]. We chose neon because of its strong signature in the USXR range and because previous experiments show that low-Z impurity transport is often correlated with the thermal transport of the working ions [6]. The discharges here analyzed had major/minor radius R/a 0.85 m/0.65 m, 0.8 MA current, 4.5 kG toroidal field, 0.8 keV and 3 10 13 cm -3 central electron temperature and density, respectively. At ionization equilibrium the dominant Ne charge states in the above plasma would be fully stripped Ne 10+ for r/a 0.5 and He-, H-like Ne 8,9+ for 0.5 r/a 0.9. Since the Ne 8, 9+ ions emit mainly resonance lines between 0.9-1.0 keV, whereas the Ne 10+ ions mainly recombination continuum above 1.4 keV, we separately measured their spatial distribution


Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human avian influenza A(H7N9) epidemic in mainland China,and provide scientific basis for the control and prevention of the disease.Methods The epidemiological information of 130 human avian influenza A(H7N9) cases reported from March 30,2013 to May 20,2013 was collected.The epidemic distribution of the cases was analyzed using χ2 test,linear trend test and spatial autocorrelation analysis.Results Of the 130 cases,104 cases had report of the onset time,103 cases had report of both the onset time and the diagnosis time.Of the 36 deaths,21 deaths had report of both the onset time and the death time.The first case was reported on February 19 and the last one occurred on May 3,with the peak from the end of March to the middle of April.The mean time from onset to death was 16 ± 8 days(6-36 days),and that from onset to diagnosis was 9 ± 5 days(1-39 days),with a significant declining trend(F = 37.56,P 0.001).The majority of the cases were male and 50 years or older cases,with the proportion of 69.6% and 72.8% respectively.The 130 cases were distributed in 10 provinces and cities,with the significant spatial autocorrelation(Z = 3.90,P = 0.001).The number of cases in Zhejiang,Shanghai and Jiangsu accounted for 81.5% of the total number of cases.Conclusions Male and old people are the susceptible population of human avian influenza A(H7N9).The southeast coast regions of China are the focus for human avian influenza surveillance.


Starting from the basic concept of documentary, this paper analyzes some trivial new features and characteristics of documentary along the historical development of documentary. By summarizing these characteristics, it analyzes the shortcomings of documentary clarity. In response to this problem, an algorithm model for image quality improvement of ultra-high-definition display devices is envisaged. Based on the deep network model, combined with super-resolution reconstruction technology and motion picture compensation technology, the perceptual quality of the video source is improved to match the ultra-high-definition display. High-definition display equipment, making the details and colors of the display screen infinitely close to the real.


Values of Basic Index of water quality were defined by Bhargava method. It's shown that the index of water quality can be used as efficiency tool for managing water quality and struggle against polluting water in rivers.


This work picks up the base, the structure and the partial results of a pedagogic model that it stimulates the study to develop the interaction groupal in the educational performance of graduate professors of non-pedagogic careers (doctors, nurses, engineers and others). The idea integrates in way theoretical systemic budgets from the Advanced Education theory and of the historical cultural focus. The interaction groupal was conceived integrated to the variable educational performance, it constitutes the center of the research and it guided the carried-out inquiries. The picked-up data were subjected to triangulation as well as analyzed with the use of the descriptive and not parametric statistic. The investigation was carried out in nine years in one of the abilities of the University of Medical Sciences of Havana, Cuba and its results have been applied in the courses of the university professors of the careers of the health mainly.


The three authors have combined their considerable experience of, and expertise in, the field of coaching supervision, drawing from their own teaching, research, supervision, and from their own and...


With the demand of economic development and traffic modernization process, the construction of highway engineering in China has come into a fast period. This paper investigates the settlement of the highway embankment using the finite element software Plaxis. The embankment settlements at different locations with time are presented. Compared with the measured settlement-time data, it is concluded that the computed results kept good agreements with measured data. The results show that the software Plaxis has certain accuracy in the calculation of the embankment settlement over soft clay ground, which could be intended to provide a reference for engineering practice. The presented numerical simulation model can be applied to predict the settlement during the filling process of embankment.


Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the childcaring stress of mothers of infant and toddler and its related factors. Methods : The subjects included 193 mothers of infant and toddler who visited the wellbaby clinics of two general hospitals and one health care center in Busan city. Instruments used in this study were the 'Childcaring Stress Scale' developed by Kim and Kang and 'Self Depression Scale' of Zung translated by Lee. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire from March 6 to April 15, 2003. The data were analyzed by SPSS WIN 10.0 program. Results : The mean score of childcaring stress was 1.82. There were statistically significant differences in the childcaring stress by the health status of mothers (p=0.006), the age of children (p=0.021), the temperament of children (p=0.000), the degree of spouse support in the care of children(p=0.013), the number of children (p=0.008). There was a moderate significant correlation between childcaring stress and depression of mothers(r=0.498, p < 0.001). Conclusions : This study revealed that the health status of mothers, the age and temperament of children, the degree of spouse support in the care of children, the number of children and the depression of mothers were related to childcaring stress of mothers of infant and toddler. It is suggested that related factors should be considered to provide nursing intervention for the childcaring stress.


Angular distributions of 3 He elastic scattering reactions from stable Selenium isotopes have been systematically calculated within the theoretical framework. Optical-model parameters for Woods-Saxon real and imaginary volume potentials have been used for to illustrate the data. The corresponding ratios to Rutherford scattering and relevant barrier distributions of elastic scattering cross-sections have been attained from 0⁰ to 180⁰. The theoretical calculations shed light on a well-rounded definition of the empricial angular distribution data.


In medical ultrasound imaging, the frequency- and depth-dependent attenuation causes the degradation in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in quadrature demodulation (QDM). To improve SNR, the adaptive dynamic QDM (ADQDM) method based on a 2nd-order autoregressive (AR) spectral estimation was previously proposed. However, due to its high computational requirements, it is challenging to implement the ADQDM in real time. In this paper, the optimal realization of ADQDM on a GPU-based ultrasound imaging system is presented. To efficiently implement the method, the image is divided into multiple zones, and the center frequency of a receive signal at each zone is independently estimated by using the 2nd-order AR model. The estimated center frequencies are used for dynamic quadrature demodulation. This method was incorporated on the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) platform and throughputs were measured using a NVIDIA's GTX-560Ti GPU chip. The evaluation was conducted with the beamformed 6144×256 pixel radio-frequency (RF) data which were captured by a commercial ultrasound scanner from the liver of a volunteer. The total execution time for ADQDM is 3.44 ms, which indicates that it can be implemented in real time on a GPU-based medical ultrasound system.


ABSTRACT An accurate forecasting system has manifested its role as an enabler in supply chains (SC), which makes the operation possible in a maximally synchronized manner. Its applications have gained the attention of scholars across various disciplines such as forecasting in market behavior analysis and tourism industry; material requirement planning in production; transport and logistics foresight in networks and facilities. Seaports, as specific SC members, are not an exception. Accurate forecasting is needed in almost all aspects of the ports' operation to avoid financial losses related to inappropriate investments and planning. The paper addresses the forecasting of joint demand-supply cargo throughputs in the Adriatic Seaport Koper. The research presents a new forecasting approach, namely, DFA-ARIMAX (Dynamic Factor Analysis-ARIMAX modeling). External economic indicators were screened to obtain useful information using the DFA prior to directing the dynamic factors into the ARIMAX forecasting model. The principal component regression and Monte Carlo framework were included to identify indicators that are unique to the port. Findings revealed that a forecasting system by its enriched capabilities to predict the observed throughputs could be seen as Functional Decision Support System. The benchmarking shows that proposed models outperform competitive models. Practical implications are discussed in detail.


efficacy while preserving basal and agonist-dependent activity. Anesthesiology 2009; 111:774–84 8. Rau V, Oh I, Liao M, Bodarky C, Fanselow MS, Homanics GE, Sonner JM, Eger EI 2nd: Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor ß3 subunit forebrain-specific knockout mice are resistant to the amnestic effect of isoflurane. Anesth Analg 2011; 113:500–4 9. Ferguson C, Hardy SL, Werner DF, Hileman SM, Delorey TM, Homanics GE: New insight into the role of the beta3 subunit of the GABAA-R in development, behavior, body weight regulation, and anesthesia revealed by conditional gene knockout. BMC Neurosci 2007; 8:85 10. Hu FY, Hanna GM, Han W, Mardini F, Thomas SA, Wyner AJ, Kelz MB: Hypnotic hypersensitivity to volatile anesthetics and dexmedetomidine in dopamine ß-hydroxylase knockout Mice. Anesthesiology 2012; 117:1006–17 11. Quintana A, Morgan PG, Kruse SE, Palmiter RD, Sedensky MM: Altered anesthetic sensitivity of mice lacking Ndufs4, a subunit of mitochondrial complex I. PLoS ONE 2012; 7:e42904 12. Liao M, Sonner JM, Husain SS, Miller KW, Jurd R, Rudolph U, Eger EI 2nd: R (+) etomidate and the photoactivable R (+) azietomidate have comparable anesthetic activity in wildtype mice and comparably decreased activity in mice with a N265M point mutation in the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor beta3 subunit. Anesth Analg 2005; 101:131–5 13. Sato Y, Kobayashi E, Murayama T, Mishina M, Seo N: Effect of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor epsilon1 subunit gene disruption of the action of general anesthetic drugs in mice. Anesthesiology 2005; 102:557–61 14. Miller G: Optogenetics. Shining new light on neural circuits. Science 2006; 314:1674–6


The continuity and efficiency of work management of the ridgeways between rice fields have become major issues in Japan. Labor for managing the ridgeways is in short supply, making it necessary to simplify processes, and improve efficiency. Additionally, ridgeways are essential for preserving rural areas and maintaining the landscape; the labor shortage creates problems of maintenance of the area. This study investigated the process of establishing organizations to undertake the management of ridgeways in villages. Consequently, the following three key aspects were identified: 1) Smooth communication between stakeholders, 2) setting of acceptable costs, and 3) improvement of the operation through gradual structuring. Additionally, we found that it was possible to acquire new stakeholders such as non-farmers in the village, thereby making it possible to employ people for maintaining the ridgeways by creating an organization.


The article exposes that the poetry of frontier fortress in Tang Dynasty reveals the pioneering spirit in Tang literature.Its prosperity lies in the joint efforts made by the poets at that time.It analyzes the features of the poetry,the ulterior motives of the poets, the patriotic emotions to the country,the scenery of frontier fortress and optimistic spirit.


Background: Leprosy is an infectious disease that can cause physical disability, as well as social, economic, and cultural problems. The prevalence of leprosy in Indonesia is still high. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine patients' behavioral factors that influence the incidence of leprosy. Methods: An ex-post-facto analysis with a case-control approach was used. The population of the study was the entire Brengkok Village community. The sampling technique is a fixed-disease sampling method, in which the all cases (34 persons) are clinically proven leprosy sufferers and the controls (34 persons) are the comparable neighbors of the sufferers. Data analysis was done using a chi-square test, and the risk of disease was measured by the odd ratio (OR). Results: Testing for differences between the case and the control group resulted in p = 0.000 for knowledge about the cause of leprosy, p = 0.005 for detecting an early sign of leprosy, p = 0.000 for knowledge about the transmission of leprosy, and p = 0.000 for affecting the incidence of leprosy. The results showed that there was a relationship between the level of knowledge and the incidence of leprosy ( p = 0.002), while the OR value obtained is 7.50 (CI: 2,168 - 25,946). Furthermore, testing for differences between the case and the control group yielded  p = 1.000 for the use of different clothes; p = 0.000 for the use of different bathing tools; p = 0.000 for the use of different towels, which means there is a connection between the use of towels and the incidence of leprosy; and p = 0.003 for the use of different footwear. In addition, there is a relationship between the actions of people and the incidence of leprosy ( p = 0.000), while the OR value obtained was 59,933 (CI: 13.131 - 273,557). Conclusion: The knowledge and actions of people affected by leprosy are predisposing factors associated with the incidence of leprosy and are risk factors for the disease. Knowledge about the transmission of leprosy and the activity of using different towels are the most important factors influencing the incidence of leprosy.


The molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC)/gas turbine hybrid system with directly firing the gas turbine is expected to exhibit a higher efficiency than the hybrid system with indirect firing. In this study, the performance expectation of the directly fired hybrid system is predicted using a parametric study. A special research focus is given to an applied system layout where a portion of turbine exhaust gas is extracted from the main stream which flows to the fuel cell side and sent to a steam generator to drive a steam turbine. The influence of the extracted gas fraction on the net hybrid system performance is analyzed and the existence of an optimal condition is observed.


Overvoltage is one of the main causes of damage in the isolation of inverter-fed traction motors.To solve this problem,the mechanism and influencing factors were analyzed with the transmission line theory and simulation on the equivalent circuit.The analyses show that overvoltage is a function of the rise time of the converter output pulse and the lengths of the traction motor cables,and that its magnitude can be as large as 1.9 times of the pulse voltage.The magnitude can be decreased to 1.1 times of the pulse voltage with a shunt R-C reactor.


Appropriate surgical treatment of epithelial ovarian tumors is reliant on intraoperative diagnosis. A retrospective study to compare the diagnostic accuracies of imprint cytology (IC) with frozen section histology (FSH) in these tumors was performed.


[Objective]To compare differences of IAA and ABA in leaf buds of diploidy,triploidy and tetraploidy white birches,which will provide reference for studying the role of plant endogenous hormone in growth and development process of Betula platyphylla Suk.. [Method]HPLC method was adopted to determine IAA and ABA content in leaf buds of Betula platyphylla Suk.. [Result] The comparison results of IAA and ABA content in leaf buds of different ploidy Betula platyphylla Suk. showed that the IAA was significantly higher and the ABA was significantly lower in the polyploidy than those in the diploidy,respectively. Ratios of IAA /ABA in diploidy,triploidy and tetraploidy Betula platyphylla Suk. were 0. 76,1. 45,1. 06. [Conclusion] The result demonstrated that chromosome doubling has a significant impact on the content of endogenous phytohormone.


Information is the currency of the information age and in many cases is the most valuable asset possessed by an organisation. Information security management is the discipline that focuses on protecting and securing these assets against the threats of natural disasters, fraud and other criminal activity, user error and system failure. Effective information security can be defined as the preservation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. This book describes the approach taken by many organisations to realise these objectives. It discusses how information security cannot be achieved through technological means alone, but should include factors such as the organisation s approach to risk and pragmatic day-to-day business operations. This Management Guide provides an overview of the implementation of an Information Security Management System that conforms to the requirements of ISO/IEC 27001:2005 and which uses controls derived from ISO/IEC 17799:2005.


Abstract Previous studies have suggested that depressed people are less susceptible than nondepressed people to a number of cognitive biases that imply a "rosy glow" view of positive and negative events. The present study tested the hypothesis that the rosy glow effect as related to attribution behaviour depends upon positive self-esteem. Using data from two samples it was found that subjects who were either low in depression, high in masculinity, or high in self-esteem tended to rate the causes of positive or good events as more internal, stable, and global than the causes of negative or bad events. These differences were less pronounced for subjects who were either high in depression, low in masculinity, or low in self-esteem. The results of multiple regression analyses also showed that global self-esteem was a consistent predictor of attributions for both positive and negative events. Internal, stable, and global causal attributions were more likely to occur for important events than for unimportant ev...


Abstract Introduction Prevalence of sexual and reproductive dysfunction in men and women with epilepsy (MWE and WWE) ranges from 20 to 60% in different studies. Epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs both contribute in varying degrees to the reproductive endocrine dysfunction. Aims and Objectives The aim of this study is to assess the alteration in sex hormone levels in MWE and WWE on enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs). Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional case-control study of 29 MWE and 26 WWE on EIAEDs. Control group were age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. Serum sex hormones such as total testosterone (TT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), estradiol (E2) and progesterone, gonadotropins such as luteinizing hormone (LH), follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) levels were estimated. Free testosterone (FT) and bioactive testosterone (BAT) were calculated. Gonadal efficiency in men was estimated by TT/LH and in women by E2/SHBG and LH/FSH ratios. Results There was a significant decrease in TT/LH, FT, BAT, DHEAS, and progesterone along with a significant elevation of SHBG and E2 in MWE on EIAEDs. There was also significant elevation of gonadotropins such as LH, FSH, and prolactin (PRL) in MWE. A significant decrease in progesterone, DHEAS, and E2/SHBG along with a marked elevation in SHBG, LH, FSH, and PRL was found in WWE. Conclusion This study clearly demonstrates that EIAEDs have an adverse effect on reproductive health in both MWE and WWE.


Partial discharge (PD) measurement provides a means for online monitoring and assessing the insulation condition of a substation transformer. However, the characteristics of PD pulses may vary depending on various factors such as geometry of insulation system, types of PD sources, properties of PD sensors and measurement systems, and sampling rate. Among these factors, sampling rate of PD measurement system has significant effect on the acquisition of PD waveform and the extraction of PD signals. This paper evaluated different sampling rates for online PD measurement of in-service substation transformers. The results of different sampling rates are compared in terms of the waveforms of the acquired PD signals, properties of the extracted PD signals, formation of PD patterns, and dataset sizes for proper PD evaluation, which will be presented in the paper. Other important issues such as online PD measurement system setup, filtration of power frequency harmonics, and PD signal extraction using wavelet transform are also discussed in this paper.


This chapter reviews the role of expanding sugarcane plantations throughout the Caribbean in the movement of slaves, mosquitoes and disease, as world empires jockeyed for dominance in world sugar markets. It relates how increased sugarcane production and exports to Europe led to increased importation of slaves to work the fields. As the African embarkation point of slaves moved north to the Slave Coast, yellow fever and the mosquito Aedes aegypti came into play, though when England banned slaveholding, sugar production shifted to the Spanish colonies of Puerto Rico and Cuba. The brief Spanish-American War of 1898, over control of Cuba, cemented the fame of Colonel Theodore Roosevelt but resulted in more deaths from yellow fever than combat, with the outbreak continuing during the post-war occupation of Cuba. Serendipity played a significant role in the subsequent discovery of the cause of the disease, connecting the Yellow Fever Commission, led by Major Walter Reed, with Cuban physician, Dr. Carlos Finlay, whose early experiments pointed to mosquitos and others while a series of experiments by Reed's team showed Aedes aegypti was the vector.


The performance of lignocellulosic ethanol in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fossil energy use when substituting for gasoline depends on production technologies and system decisions, many of which have not been considered in life cycle studies. We investigate ethanol production from short rotation forestry feedstock via an uncatalyzed steam explosion pre‐treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis process developed by Mascoma Canada, Inc., and examine a set of production system decisions (co‐location, co‐production, and process energy options) in terms of their influence on life cycle emissions and energy consumption. All production options are found to reduce emissions and petroleum use relative to gasoline on a well‐to‐wheel (WTW) basis; GHG reductions vary by production scenario. Land‐use‐change effects are not included due to a lack of applicable data on short rotation forestry feedstock. Ethanol production with wood pellet co‐product, displacing coal in electricity generation, performs best amongst co‐products in terms of GHG mitigation (−109% relative to gasoline, WTW basis). Maximizing pellet output, although requiring import of predominately fossil‐based process energy, improves overall GHG‐mitigation performance (−130% relative to gasoline, WTW). Similarly, lower ethanol yields result in greater GHG reductions because of increased co‐product output. Co‐locating ethanol production with facilities exporting excess steam and biomass‐based electricity (e.g. pulp mills) achieves the greatest GHG mitigation (−174% relative to gasoline, WTW) by maximizing pellet output and utilizing low‐GHG process energy. By exploiting co‐location opportunities and strategically selecting co‐products, lignocellulosic ethanol can provide large emission reductions, particularly if based upon sustainably grown, high yield, low input feedstocks. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


In the presence of metal ions(Co(Ⅱ), Ni(Ⅱ), Sr(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅲ), U(Ⅵ)), the sedimentation of humic acid was increased at constant pH with increasing metal concentration and the strength was increased in the following order: Sr


Inhalation therapy is an effective way for local and systemic delivery of miscellaneous drugs for pulmonary and non-pulmonary diseases. The inhalation therapy aims to target specific cells or regions of the lung, bypassing the lung's clearance mechanisms and thereby providing high retention of the drug for longer periods. It helps in improved penetration of intravenously administered antibiotics into lung parenchymal tissue and bronchial secretions, and as a result, their potential systemic toxicity is reduced when given over prolonged periods of time. The advancement in device technology supports the development of more efficient therapy in the form of delivering finer particles into the lung in large doses. Therefore, meticulous daily management of lung disease, together with prompt, aggressive treatment of exacerbations can be achieved through inhalation to preserve lung function. This review summarizes the features of inhalation delivery devices, their advantages and limitations, challenges in formulation and brief description of novel technologies currently marketed.


An electronic device (1), comprising: a housing having a heat generating member (33) (10), the heat of the heating member (33) to dissipate the generated heat radiating portion (40) having an impeller (101a) of the pump unit (60) thermally connected to the heat generating member (33) the heat receiving portion (70), wherein the pump unit (60) by rotation of the impeller (101a) to supply liquid to the heat radiating portion (40), and a circulation circuit (50 ), circulating the circulation loop (70) and the heat radiating portion (40) of liquid in the liquid by the heat receiving portion and the heat generating member to transfer heat (33) generated to the heat radiating portion (40). Center (O2) of the pump unit (60) is arranged such that an impeller (101a) of the center (O1 of) deviates from the heat generating member (33).


Definability is a key notion in the theory of Grothendieck fibrations that characterises when an external property of objects can be accessed from within the internal logic of the base of a fibration. In this paper we consider a generalisation of definability from properties of objects to structures on objects, introduced by Shulman under the name local representability. We first develop some general theory and show how to recover existing notions due to B´enabou and Johnstone as special cases. We give several examples of definable and non definable notions of structure, focusing on algebraic weak factorisation systems, which can be naturally viewed as notions of structure on codomain fibrations. Regarding definability, we give a sufficient criterion for cofibrantly generated awfs's to be definable, gen-eralising a construction of the universe for cubical sets, but also including some very different looking examples that do not satisfy tininess in the internal sense, that exponential functors have a right adjoint. Our examples of non definability include the identification of logical principles holding for the interval objects in simplicial sets and Bezem-Coquand-Huber cubical sets that suffice to show a certain definition of Kan fibration is not definable.


Aujourd'hui, dans l'Universite francaise, une these en lettres ou en sciences humaines est necessairement accompagnee d'une volumineuse bibliographie, qui pourra eventuellement faire l'objet de remarques, voire de questions au moment de la soutenance. Quel role assigne-t-on a cet exercice oblige qui n'a jamais fait l'objet d'une definition officielle ? La bibliographie d'une these est-elle la liste des ouvrages que l'auteur a lus ? Si la bibliographie s'adresse au public plus large des lecteurs et des chercheurs interesses par le sujet, son but est-il de suggerer des lectures ? Preciser des references d'ouvrages cites en note ? Comment cet exercice oblige s'est-il impose et quel but se fixait-il a l'origine ? Abstract Presently, in a French University, a PhD thesis in Humanities must provide, as an annex, an extensive bibliography. This annex may be subjected to examination, revisions, and criticisms and may, per se, receive the attention of the committee during the defence. But what is the function of this mandatory exercise? Is it simply a list of the sources cited, consulted, and read by the author of the thesis? Or is it a compendium of suggested readings for anyone interested in the topic, as the author is addressing a larger audience than the committee including researchers and readers? Or, furthermore, is it the development of footnote references? The paper follows the history of this mandatory practice, at its very origins.


A per-survivor adaptive interference cancellation (PSAIC) decoder is proposed for group decoding of a space-time trellis-coded DS-CDMA system. To mitigate error propagation by tentative decisions, per-survivor processing is introduced to a group decoder with adaptive interference cancellation. It is shown that the proposed decoder outperforms conventional decoders without much increase of decoding delay and complexity.


Aiming at the problem of the surface accuracy and electrical performance of the antenna in space environment are reduced due to thermal deformation caused by temperature load. This paper presents a method to compensate the thermally induced shape distortion of antenna reflector by actively adjusting actuators in order to improve the electrical performance. The adjustment of each actuator is related to the local deformation of the panel. Then, taking a space deployable antenna with a diameter of 5 meters as an example, the finite element model is established. According to the range of the temperature variation in space (−180˚C - 200˚C), different temperature loads are applied to the antenna. The variation of electrical properties and surface accuracy is analyzed and the worst working condition is determined, and the antenna is compensated based on this condition. Then, four different electrical performance parameters are used as the optimization objectives, and the electromechanical coupling optimization model is established, and the PSO algorithm is used to optimize the actuators adjustments. The results show that the method can effectively improve the electrical performance of the deformed reflector antenna.


We have designed three dimensional conjugated three- and four-armed molecules for organic solar cells, featuring a bithiophene donor (DF) fragment connected to a pyridine-thiadiazole acceptor fragment (AF) via an ethyne π-spacer (Ps) as the arms, which are linked to different central core atoms (N, B, C and Si atoms) based on two topologies, "core-D–π–A" (molecules are named N3-Mol, B3-Mol, Si4-Mol and C4-Mol) and "core-A–π–D" (molecules are named N3-RMol, B3-RMol, Si4-RMol and C4-RMol). A combination of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) approaches is applied to understand the effect of different central cores on the optical, electronic and charge transport properties of the two topologies. The "core-A–π–D" type molecules display smaller Eg values than those of the "core-D–π–A" type molecules. Therefore, the "core-A–π–D" type molecules show a significant red shift in λmax compared to the "core-D–π–A" type molecules. The molecules C4-RMol, Si4-RMol, B3-RMol and N3-RMol show red shifts of 59, 14, 28 and 39 nm in λmax as compared to C4-Mol, Si4-Mol, B3-Mol and N3-Mol, respectively. Three-armed N3-Mol and N3-RMol display the largest λmax of the designed molecules. Interestingly, B3-RMol and C4-RMol show more or less same λmax values. However, B and Si cores also show more intense absorption bands than N and C cores, respectively. Both the reorganization energy and mobility results reveal that the four-armed molecules show higher charge transport rates than the three-armed molecules because of their better dimensionality. N3-RMol exhibits μe and μh mobilities of up to 2.8 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 3.3 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 respectively while C4-RMol shows higher μe and μh mobilities of up to 0.163 cm2 V−1 s−1 and 4.14 × 10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 respectively in the crystalline state, which have been predicted using the P21/c space group. Thus, the comparative analysis of the designed molecules reveals that the "core-A–π–D" topology with the substitution of N and C cores results in molecules which exhibit a narrow Eg, broad and intense absorptions and an anisotropic high charge carrier mobility in the crystalline phase, which is associated with low reorganization energies for organic solar cells.


The interactive effects of ozone (O/sub 3/) and water stress on alfalfa were studied to determine how water stress could alter these functions, and to describe the cumulative effects of multiple-year exposures to O/sub 3/ on this perennial crop. Water stress reduced total seasonal yield about 10% in 1984 and 27% in 1985. Ozone significantly reduced yields in both years, and the interaction between O/sub 3/ and water stress was statistically significant in 1985 and for combined 1984 and 1985 years. Ozone dose-alfalfa yield loss functions were homogeneous between 1984 and 1985, and no evidence of a cumulative effect of multiple-year exposure to O/sub 3/ was found on top growth. However, crown (underground stem) weights were significantly reduced by O/sub 3/, suggesting that continued exposure to O/sub 3/ could shorten the productive life of alfalfa stands, in addition to its effect on yield.


Abstract  This research aimed at describing the second year students' ability to write a recount text at SMAN 3 Painan. The design of this research was descriptive in nature. The population of this research was the second year students at SMAN 3 Painan. The total population was 68 students. The population was distributed into three classes, namely IPA 1, IPA 2, and IPS 1. IPA 1 students were used as tried out sample, while IPA 2 and IPS 1 students were used as research sample, the two classes consisted of 41 students. The result of data analysis showed that the students had moderate ability in writing generic structures (orientation, event, and re-orientation) and grammatical features (non verbal, regular verb, and irregular verb. In fact 0 students had high ability, 33 students had moderate ability and 8 students had low ability. The result of data analysis also specifically showed that: (1) 0 student had high ability, 36 students had moderate ability, and 5 students had low ability in writing the orientation; (2) 0 students had high ability, 39 students had moderate ability, and 2 students had low ability in writing the event; (3) 0 students had high ability, 36 students had moderate ability, and 5 students had low ability in writing the re-orientation; (4) 0 students had high ability, 30 students had moderate ability, and 11 students had low ability in using non verbal sentences; (5) 0 students had high ability, 37 students had moderate ability, and 4 students had low ability in using regular verbs; (6) 0 students had high ability, 37 students had moderate ability, and 4 students had low ability in using irregular verbs. Key words: Analysis, Recount Text, Students' Ability


![Graphic][1]

Yeast without Smc5-Smc6 don't finish replicating rDNA (green) and missegregate this DNA at mitosis.

ARAGON/AAAS Checkpoints exist to ensure the genome is accurately replicated each cell division. But yeast cells don't bother to check that replication is actually


Abstract Market milk samples collected on a quarterly basis from various cities in the United States were analyzed for rubidium (Rb) and lead (Pb) content by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average Rb content of milk varied between 0.57 and 3.39ppm. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the Rb content of milk varied significantly from one city to another at α = 0.01; in addition, milk from cities in southeastern United States showed significant differences from one sampling period to another. In general, the Rb content of milk sold in cities in inland states was small and that in cities of coastal states large. The average Pb content of milk varied between 0.023 and 0.079ppm, and the national weighted average was 0.049ppm. The Pb content of milk did not vary significantly from one city to another. Only in milk from southeastern states was a significant difference noted from one sampling period to another. Analysis of 76 milk samples from individual cows raised on farms serving the Cincinnati area showed Pb content varied from 0.009 to 0.212ppm, with an average of 0.047ppm.


Since the latter half of the twentieth century, Western philosophers of religion and scholars of religion have been fervently preoccupied with the question of religious truth claims and how to evaluate a Christian theological view of other religious traditions. This resulted in the standardization of inclusivism, exclusivism, and pluralism as distinct universal approaches to the truth claim predicament. Employing Qur'anic exegesis, hermeneutics, and the semantics of core Islamic concepts, this article offers a critique of this standardized typology as less relevant to the Muslim perspective of religious diversity. Based on an Islamic view of the relativity of human knowledge and the centrality of a revelatory epistemic premise, this typology is hardly akin to a Muslim traditional perspective. The Qur'an defines the boundaries between the Islamic truth claim, salvific exclusion, and the ethical codes for Muslims to deal with a worldly context that is ab initio diverse. This article argues that an Islamic pluralistic view, as delineated on the basis of the Qur'an, supersedes the dilemma of religious truth claims and seeks realistic ethical regulations to deal with religious otherness.


In Japan, teacher and student is randomly matched in the first year of elementary school. Under the quasi-natural experimental setting, we examine how learning in female teacher homeroom class in the elementary school influence pupils' smoking behavior after they become adult. We found that pupils are unlikely to smoke later in life if they belonged to female teacher homeroom class in pupil's first year of school.


The existing test method for the classification of applied paints which are subjected to thermal cutting or weldi ng has remained largely unchanged for the past fifteen years. The authors examine the method and identify numerous areas where the specified detail has become outdated and inadequate. Some improvements are suggested and informed comment and response to the discussion presented is invited, with the objective of forming an appropriate working party which would develop a revised test method. Types of scission products generated from paints to which welders are exposed are also reviewed.


A number of possible models for the anomalous muonium (Mu/sup */)center in the elemental semiconductors diamond, silicon, and germanium areinvestigated in detail, both with respect to their stabilities and abilities toexplain the extensive available experimental hyperfine-interaction data, thelatter being the major focus of the present work. Using the unrestrictedHartree-Fock cluster procedure, the electronic structures and potential-energycurves associated with muon positions are obtained for the different models.The results are utilized to obtain hyperfine properties associated with themuon and its neighboring nuclei, including vibrational effects associated withthe muon. Our results show that stability considerations favor both thevacancy-associated (VA) and bond-centered (BC) models for Mu/sup */.The VA model explains all the experimentally observed features of the muonhyperfine properties and provides reasonably good quantitative agreement withexperiment. However, questions remain regarding its formation and ability toexplain level-crossing resonance (LCR) data. On the other hand, although the BCmodel appears to explain the experimental features from LCR measurements, inits present form, it seriously overestimates the strengths of the muonhyperfine interactions as compared to experiment, by more than an order ofmagnitude in some cases. Additionally, it does not explain the trend fromdiamond through germanium. On the basis of the results in this paper for the VAand BC models,more » the direction for future investigations for understanding thenature of the Mu/sup */ center is commented on.« less


HE INTRODUCTION of intravenous T barbiturate muscle reIaxants combined with nitrous oxide-oxygen made feasible a much lighter plane of anesthesia and shortened recovery time. However, because patients began to recover consciousness within 30 minutes after termination of the surgical procedure and anesthesia, they exhibited manifestations of pain-a major drawback to an otherwise advantageous anesthetic combination.


Bilge T, Kaya A, Alatli M, Bilge S, Alatli C (1989). Hemangioma of the peroneal nerve: case report and review of the literature. Neurosurgery, 25: 649–652. Gross MS, Gelberman RH (1985). The anatomy of the distal ulnar tunnel. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, 196: 238–247. Marquardt G, Angles SM, Leheta FD, Seifert V (2001). Median nerve compression caused by a venous aneurysm. Case report. Journal of Neurosurgery, 94: 624–626. McFarland Jr GB, Hoffer MM (1971). Paralysis of the intrinsic muscles of the hand secondary to lipoma in Guyon's tunnel. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 53A: 375–376. Milberg P, Kleinert HE (1980). Giant cell tumor compression of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 4: 426–429. Patel CB, Tsai TM, Kleinert HE (1986). Hemangioma of the median nerve: a report of two cases. Journal of Hand Surgery, 11A: 76–79. Shea JD, McClain EJ (1969). Ulnar-nerve compression syndromes at and below the wrist. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 51A: 1095–1103.


Objective:To explore the pathological basis in the early stage of postdecompressive brain bulk enlargement Metholds:Using the sensitivity and specificity of diffusion weighted MRI(DWI) to detect brain edema, the dynamic DWI was performed in 18 cats of postedecompressive brain bulk enlargement at three time points (2, 4 and 6 hours) after decompression 18 cats were randomly assigned into three groups (2h group, 4h group and 6h group) Every group was consisted of six cats killed at each corresponding time point after decompression, then made brain specimens to be observed with Evan's Blue staining,light and electronic microscope Resutls:2 hours after decompression, DWI shown the area of brain bulk enlargement was hypointensity signal 4 or 6 hours after decompression, it expanded and the midline of brain shifted more obviously to the contralater side Only one cat, it returned into hyperintensity signal by 6 hours after decompression Evan's Blue staining area in swollen brain extravasated more obviously within 4 or 6 hours than within 2 hours Under light and electronic microscope, congestive dilation of micro and small cerebral vessels in double hemisphere was found within 2 hours after decompression, but it was more obvious and accompanied with expand of the space around cerebral vessels in swollen brain Degeneratio and Necrosis of cerebral cell multiplied in swollen brain by 6 hours after decompression Conclusion: In the early stage (2 hours) of postdecompressive brain bulk enlargement, the swollen brain was consisted of congestive dilation of cerebral vessels and vasogenic brain edema The cytotoxic brain edema would be appeared at about 6 hours following decompression


Ten instrumental characteristics of the mechanical properties of roast beef were derived from an analysis of the force-deformation curve obtained during compression of the meat between blunt jaws, fitted in the Instron. Equipment is described for recording the curve in a computer readable form on punched tape. Sixty-nine samples of beef, representing a wide range of textural properties, were examined instrumentally and by a taste panel. The data correlated much more closely with the sensory 'toughness-tenderness' factor than with the sensory 'juiciness' factor. All characteristics of cold samples together accounted for 50% of the variance in the 'toughness-tenderness' factor of samples tasted hot and for 75% of those tasted cold. Two or three of the characteristics were almost as effective. Neither single characteristics derived from the compression curve nor their various combinations improved markedly the correlations with sensory assessments reported in the literature and obtained with other texture measuring devices.


With the development of tourism industry and the widen interests of tourists,specific tourism develop prosperously all around the world.Yet the academia only described certain ways of it,which is lack of the basic theory.The author begins with the description of ways of specific tourism in the developed countries,summary the connotation,the feature and the meaning of specific tourism.