In Ukraine still remains relevant practice testing and purchase of raw milk by four quality classes. But for a long time in Ukraine working farms with modern methods zootechnical and veterinary management, with good dairy farming practices and good milking hygienepractices. So the aim of our study was to compare total bacteria count and somatic cells count in raw milk from this farms and farms that are still provided traditional (where were found some mistakes in milking hygiene practices) dairy farming practices in Ukraine. The qualityparameters of raw milk were collected from farms located in Kiev, Cherkassy, Poltava, Chernihiv and Vinnitsa regions of Ukraine. Totally –17 farms in both groups. Research period – one year (2015/12–01). In the paper presented results of stability during the year of the quality parameters of raw milk received from farms of some regions of Ukraine. Farms which were taken for the study were divided into two groups, by various dairy farming practices. The stability evaluation was performed by intervals of determinations of total bacteria count rate and somatic cells count in milk. The intervals of determinations were defined according to Ukraine standard 3662–97. Established that total bacteria count and somatic cells count rate of raw milk from farms with good dairy farming practices was at one and three intervals, respectively. So, for these raw milk we can recommended periodic testing. The intervals of determinations of total bacteria count and somatic cells count of raw milk from farms, were found some mistakes in milking hygiene practices varied, at 3 and 2 intervals respectively and divided in equal parts by the percentage. The value of the monthly average rate of somatic cells count in milk predominated in the largest range (from 500 to 600 ×1000/mL). Consequently, raw milk, from this farm has no predictability throughout the year and requires frequent checks of safety and quality.


Studying innovative work behaviour in the Industrial Age 4.0 is an interesting research issue. Using an internal locus of control as a moderator, this study seeks to understand how transformational leadership and organisational climate might promote innovative work behaviour. One hundred and twenty-five respondents participated in this quantitative research, where they were selected based on a purposive sampling method. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to collect the data utilising established instruments looking into the perspectives of the respondents about transformational leadership, organisational climate, innovative work behaviour, and internal locus of control. Data analyses were conducted using SPSS 24 version, where descriptive and inferential analyses, multiple linear analysis and moderated regression analysis (MRA) were undertaken. Based on the analysis, the study's results showed that transformational leadership has a negative and small impact on innovative work behaviour. Organisational climate and internal locus of control were found to positively and moderately impact innovative work behaviour. However, the internal locus of control is needed to moderate the impact of transformational leadership on innovative work behaviour. Based on these results, the hotel industry needs to consider transformational leadership attitudes to create innovative behaviour in human resources, especially in this industry. In addition, it is hoped that future research in this area can be focused on different types of job and gender to produce even better results.


Induction the differentiation of buds and roots of Dioscorea zingiberensis was studied in present paper.Results showed that MS medium with 4mg/L BA and 1 mg/L KT was the best for the differentiation of buds.The bud induction rate was up to 68.72% and the buds were doing well.MS medium enriched with 0.5mg/L NAA appeared to be the optimum medium for the differentiation of roots.The root induction rate was 92.09%.Furthermore,the roots inducted in the medium were thicker and more fibrous roots than in other 3 kinds of medium.


Two 1-ha riverine wetlands at the Olentangy Wetland Research Park in Columbus, Ohio, USA were constructed in 1993 with a nearly identical geomorphology and have maintained an identical hydrology since their creation. The only initial difference was that one wetland was planted with native macrophytes in 1994 while the other was not. Sediment and nutrient accumulation was evaluated in May 2004, ten years after the wetlands were created. Higher mean sediment accumulation was detected in the deeper open water (OW) zones of both wetlands (6.1 ±0.6 and 7.3 ±0.5 kg m−2 yr−1) than in the emergent (EM) vegetation zones (3.7 ±0.2 and 3.9 ±0.3 kg m−2 yr−1). Directional spatial structure associated with sediment accumulation was detected in both wetlands and was attributed to the greater accumulation in the OW zones and the gradual decrease in accumulation from inflow to outflow. Despite several years of markedly higher productivity in Wetland 2, this wetland showed no evidence of greater organic C accumulation; however, the dense Typha established during those years may have elicited greater deposition and reduced re-suspension of sediment in the OW zones. Large accumulations of Ca (235 ±23 and 235 ±15 kg m−2 yr−1) and inorganic C (71.6 ±6.9 and 70.3 ±4.8 g m−2 yr−1) in the OW zones of both wetlands suggest that CaCO3 deposition has remained a critical process where alga productivity has been highest. Annual rates of sediment and nutrient accumulation for each wetland were lower than those calculated in previous years and typically fall between ranges seen for newly created wetlands and natural wetlands.


Credit risk prediction models attempt to predict whether a business will experience to be in a level of investment, speculative or below investment. The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative model for predicting failure. The constructed credit rating model was on a sample data that consists of financial ratios from 356 enterprises that are listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange. The data covers observations running from the first quarter of 2014 to the end of year. We have classified 356 enterprises into three levels using 18 parameters for each. The applied methods are discriminant analysis and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS). The study supports building a balanced financial environment and help to determine the firms which are appropriate for credit loan.


In the present work,ab inito calculation is applied to study the structure and the potential energy function of 11B35 Cl and SiC by using the methods of CISD /6-311+G * and B3LYP /6-311++G ** respectively.Based on the calculated results of CISD and B3LYP methods for 11B35Cl and SiC respectively,the parameters of Murrell-Sorbie potential function are obtained by the least-square fitting.According to the fitted parameters,the force constants and spectrum data are calculated.


The article provides functional properties' overview of vegetable raw materials – flax seeds. The studies' data on the determination of organoleptic parameters, the content and ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids in samples enriched with flax seeds, linseed oil compared to the control sample are presented. Introduction of functional ingredients increased the nutritional value of convenience food. The positive effect of oil flax seeds on the organoleptic characteristics of the developed chopped convenience food was noted. Increasing the proportion of Omega-3 in convenience food and improving the ratio of Omega-3:Omega-6 in the developed convenience food has a positive effect on the protective functions of the body and the activity of the cardiovascular system during the pandemic of coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2).


The rupture of steels in boiler water at high temperatures and pressures is predominantly of the transcrystallite kind, i.e., identical with the rupture observed in the cylinder of h-p boilers under working conditions. The corrosive medium only has an appreciable effect on the resistance of the metal if the tensile stresses exceed the yield point. Hence, for the reliable working of boiler metal, stresses exceeding this limit should not be allowed.


As the recent development of food industry, customers are in bad need of the improvement of the quality especially that of the fresh degree. So many fresh preserver and technology have been developed to meet such requirement. Oxygen absorber has been made for many years, while applied to the fresh preserving of food only 20 years ago, and now has its definite position in various fresh preserving technology. By analyzing the deterioration reason and preserving method of food, the paper expatiates oxygen absorber's application and development in food preservation.


Preface. Acknowledgments. 1. Classification of Tenor Voices. 2. Breathing for Singing. 3. Vowel Modification ("Covering") in the Tenor. 4. Tenorial Resonance and How to Achieve It. 5. Developing Agility in the Tenor Voice. 6. Learning to Maintain the High Tessitura. 7. Assorted Tenor Problems. Appendix A: International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) Symbols. Appendix B: Spectrographic Analysis of Some Famous Tenor Voices. Glossary of Terms. Bibliography. Index.


Background: The flexor hallucis longus (FHL) originates from the posterior border of the fibula and interosseous membrane of the leg. It passes through the retinacular structures at the postero-medial ankle (tarsal canal) which is the most frequent location for its inflammation when happen, due to the excessive amount of friction between calcaneus and synovial sheet of the tendon in this region. Tenosynovitis of the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) tendon is known as a major overuse lesion in dancers and athlets. This soft tissue ankle impingement is presented by posterior medial ankle pain or great toe discomfort and is often associated with a catching sensation of the great toe. There are a wide variety of open procedures for treatment of FHL tenosynovitis.Objective: Arthroscopic treatment may circumvent some of the complications associated with open surgical treatment of the hindfoot.Methods: The ankle is approached through standard posterolateral and posteromedial portals. A 4.0-mm-diameter 30° arthroscope is used.Results: Arthroscopic release of the FHL tendon sheath is a useful and easy method to directly approach the dynamic pathology of FHL tenosynovitis in dancers and athlets.


One who suffered very directly and personally from that historical and historiographical perversion was Victor Ehrenberg, Sparta-watcher extraordinaire or (as he more prosaically and modestly put it in a note to From Solon to Socrates) a former participant in the 'kind of intellectual gymnastics' that is the study of early Sparta. L., too, is fond of notes; indeed, his endnotes, which amount to some 40 per cent, of this monograph, are no mere epaiklon, so to speak, but the veritable black broth itself. Yet he, unlike Ehrenberg, fails adequately to acknowledge the sheer uncertainty and speculation necessarily involved in all Spartan historiography, and in particular does not do justice to the extreme obstacles placed by the mirage in the way of his sort of would-be objective, analytical reconstruction of how it actually was. Instead, he chiefly devotes his voluminous notes to a sometimes impatient and nitpicking doxography of modern scholarship. The word 'irrig' appears here with a frequency that is not rendered less irritating by his own slips (e.g., the supreme commander at Plataia was Regent, not ' King', Pausanias, so that the Pausanias who reigned from c. 408 to 395 was just plain Pausanias not 'Pausanias II'; the restrained Bibliography of some 180 items is also surprisingly lacunose and error-strewn). Nor does he seem to see the boomerang force of a dismissive comment like 'Das ist selbstverstandlich moglich, doch keineswegs der einzig denkbare Fall' (118 n. 23). For his topic L. has chosen to cover much the same ground as Douglas MacDowell's Spartan Law (reviewed by the lamented David Lewis in CR 37 [1987], 231-2; and by this reviewer in LCM 11.8 [Oct. 1986], 142-4) and in much the same way, although he includes also a chapter on public or constitutional law (' Das Recht des Staates'), and shows heightened sensitivity both to the general problems of writing ancient Greek legal history (cf. Paul Milieu and Stephen Todd's introduction to NOMOS..., edd. Cartledge, Millett and Todd [1990] or David Cohen's review-article in Rechtshistorisches Journal 10 [1991], 7-40, esp. 7-8) and to the specific problems posed by attempting to write a history of Spartan Recht, above all those caused by the Spartans' near-total eschewal of written law and their surely conscious and systematic blurring of the semantic and broadly political boundaries between 'Recht' {nomoi in the sense of positive laws) on the one hand and 'Sine', 'Brauch' or 'gesellschaftliche Richtschnur' (nomos in the sense of customary usage, sometimes invoked in the adjectival form nomimon, as in Xen. Hell. 5.2.32) on the other. Their practice of double (even triple) jeopardy is a striking case in point (144 n. 22, 147 n. 16). He was also quite right to avoid any speculation about the 'evolution' of Spartan law and to concentrate fixedly on what he thinks can be known of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C.E. He could and should, however, have made much more than he does of the implications of the absence at Sparta of anything resembling democratic Athens's popular judiciary. For a reviewer who like Ehrenberg writes as a former combatant on this bloody battlefield it would not be appropriate to dwell on specific disagreements. Suffice it to say that on one of the most fundamental issues of all I remain unconvinced by his view (42-7 and n. 140, stated at greater length in his Landverteilung 69ff., esp. 8Iff.) that Plato and Polybius deserve creater credence on the subject of Spartan land-tenure than is granted them by say Stephen Hodkinson, the leading expert in this field (see most recently his essay on Spartan wealth in the collection he has co-edited, The Shadow of Sparta, reviewed elsewhere in this journal). L.'s failure to cite E. Schutrumpfs demolition of the Epitadeus myth as a 'Platonist's fiction' (GRBS 28 [1987], 441-57) seems to me rather telling. In short, if this Link were to emulate Lord Lucan, it would not perhaps be greatly missed, at any rate by monoglot anglophones.


Achieving soft start-up and short-circuit protection have always been challenging for resonant converters due to severe stresses in the resonant tank. Optimal trajectory control (OTC) has been proven to be the most effective control method to optimize energy delivery with given stresses. This paper proposes a method to implement soft start-up and short-circuit protection for LLC converters by using low-cost microcontrollers (MCUs) with minimum stresses and optimal energy delivery. Our current understanding of the relationship between the switching frequency and the output voltage is based on the state-plane analysis, and the requirement for the controllers is significantly reduced when using the lookup table. Further improvement enables the application of the proposed control method to high-frequency LLC converters without increasing the cost for the controllers. This paper proposes a method to protect the LLC converter from abrupt short-circuit with low-cost MCUs, which improves transient response to short-circuit significantly, and investigates limitations when operating the high-frequency LLC converter under short-circuit conditions. The proposed methods minimize the CPU resource requirement and can be further integrated with other state-trajectory control functions within one MCU. Experimental results are demonstrated on a 500-kHz 1-kW 400-V/12-V LLC converter with 60-MHz MCU TMS320F28027.


To design siRNA(Short-interfering Ribonucleic Acid)molecular efficiently,and reduce off-target effects of siRNA to the greatest degree,siRNA molecular design have become a hot research field.Currently siRNA molecular design must depend on the sequence and energy features and the second structural features of target,these siRNA molecular have higher efficiency of inhibiting gene expression,RNAi(RNA interference) has widely applied in the field of gene discovery and disease treatment.We summarize resent research on siRNA molecular design,and provide a reference for the study of siRNA.


The chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe induced specific protein phosphorylation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The major phosphorylated protein was observed to have a molecular size of 64 kDa judged from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The phosphorylated 64-kDa protein was definitely detected from 45 s after fMet-Leu-Phe treatment and then increased in quantity with the incubation time. When the 64-kDa protein was phosphorylated, its pI decreased, as demonstrated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. On the other hand, sensitivity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes to cytochalasin B remained at a low level for 30 s after fMet-Leu-Phe treatment when it was determined by release of myeloperoxidase and O2production. But the cytochalasin B-dependent myeloperoxidase release and O2 production increased with the extension of the incubation time in the presence of fMet-Leu-Phe, reaching their maximal levels over a 180-300 s period. Furthermore, fMet-Leu-Phe also induced a temporal increase in the intracellular cAMP level with its peak at 15 s, which thereafter returned to its initial level; whereas no major change was observed in the level of cGMP. Phosphorylation of the 64-kDa protein was slightly enhanced with dibutyryl-cAMP, but not with dibutyryl-cGMP. 12-OTetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate and A23187 also stimulated phosphorylation of this protein with slow responses. These results suggest that phosphorylation of the 64-kDa protein is related to the cytochalasin B-dependent release of enzymes from and O2production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. *To whom correspondence should be addressed . Present address: Department of Antibiotics, National Institute of Health, Kami-osaki, Tokyo 141, Japan.


or by percutaneous excision . Radio frequency ablation also gives promising results . Interstitial Laser Photocoagulation (ILP) has been developed recently as an alternative less invasive mode of treatment of this condition. In vitro experimental animal studies showed promising results with the production of well-demarcated coagulative necrosis of predictable size in solid tissue, with a low power laser technique . Thin optical fibers are inserted percutaneously into the tumor nidus, which is then heat coagulated and destroyed using the thermal properties of laser energy, including vaporization, coagulation and necrosis . The ability to locate and deliver energy at the target with high degree of precision and excellent dose – response characteristics and the less invasive nature make ILP more acceptable compared to open surgical procedures . The nidus of osteoid osteoma is usually less than 15 mm in diameter and falls well within the range that can be effectively coagulated by low dose laser technique. In vitro experimental study on sheep femur collected from slaughter house showed the mean axial diameter of coagulation by Nd: YAG laser as follows:200J3 Introduction


To optimize the biological activity of pyrrole–imidazole polyamide DNA-binding molecules, we characterized the aggregation propensity of these compounds through dynamic light scattering and fractional solubility analysis. Nearly all studied polyamides were found to form measurable particles 50–500 nm in size under biologically relevant conditions, while HPLC-based analyses revealed solubility trends in both core sequences and peripheral substituents that did not correlate with overall ionic charge. The solubility of both hairpin and cyclic polyamides was increased upon addition of carbohydrate solubilizing agents, in particular, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HpβCD). In mice, the use of HpβCD allowed for improved injection conditions and subsequent investigations of the availability of polyamides in mouse plasma to human cells. The results of these studies will influence the further design of Py-Im polyamides and facilitate their study in animal models.


This paper describes a new scheme based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation for place recognition of mobile robot system. It firstly extracts the local features from the training images, forms a discrete set of "image words" which are commonly known as vocabulary or codebook, and each image is represented as a frequency vector based on this vocabulary. Then the model based on Latent Dirichlet Allocation is used to learn themes distribution in the training set and testing images. Finally the unknown test images are recognized according to the similarity of themes distribution. In order to evaluate the method, we perform it on the IDOL2 Database and our own pictures. Experimental results show that the method has good robustness to different types of variations, including different illumination conditions, different perspective and other changes over long periods in real-world environments.


Incan culture keeps indefatigably in attracting divergent scientific disciplins for research studies in it's old cultural mysteries. One of it's most challenging mysteries is the old Incan fortress Machu Picchu, situatated in the" old Vilcabamba Valley" of the grandiose Andes in Peru. Is it possible to get to know something of it's mystery from a scientifically point of veiw ? Can a general view of diversified research studies help us in finding out more in throwing some light of what seems to be yeild in mystery and mist ? The answer can be yes - depending on us - in our willingness to open up for what is new and unknown - regarded from a code-cultural point of veiw. The light threads from the surveys are challenging and inspiring in giving us a breif touch from history, waterengeenering, psychology, osteology, architecture and linguistic research studies.


As part of the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) for the Savannah River Site (SRS) reactors, a theoretical model has been used to evaluate the magnitude of steam explosions that could occur during postulated severe accidents at the plant. The model predicts pressure, steam generation and mechanical work during the explosion phase of the interaction. The model is applied to two hypothetical events illustrating typical small-scale and large-scale explosions found in the PRA. These two examples show that yield predictions may range from megajoules to gigajoules for kinetic energy, 10 to 1000 kg for steam generated, and 10 to 1000 atm for peak explosion-zone pressures. A brief study is made to characterize the sensitivity of kinetic energy yield to initial fuel mass and fuel temperature. Explosion kinetic energy increases linearly in proportion to fuel mass, but displays a non-linear dependence on fuel temperature over parameter values of interest.


This experiment was conducted to explore the efficacy of lacquer (Rhus verniciflua) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits and serum biochemical values in commercial broilers. Eight hundred and forty Hubbard broiler chicks (1d old) were randomly distributed and allotted to four dietary treatments for five weeks. Each treatment had 5 replicates with 42 birds each. The dietary treatments were (1) control (2) 1% lacquer, (3) 2% lacquer and 4) 4% lacquer supplied as meal in the diet. Supplementation with lacquer improved weight gain (p = 0.0960) showing a linear trend during the starter phase (0-3 wk), but weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio remained unaffected at the finisher phase (4-5 wk) and overall (0-5 wk). The nutrient digestibility studies conducted after 18 and 35 days of experimental feeding showed a linear (p<0.05) increase in digestibility of CP and ether extract at both measurement timess. The carcass studies were conducted on two birds per replicate (10 per treatment) at the end of both 3 and 5 wk. The dressing percentage, liver weight, heart weight, abdominal fat and the breast meat expressed as a percentage of live weight, did not differ significantly due to treatments at both phases. The serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) showed a linear decrease (p = 0.0683 and p = 0.0322, respectively) as the level of supplementation increased at 3 wk; at 5 wk serum cholesterol, HDL and triglyceride levels decreased significantly showing a positive linear effect of lacquer on fat metabolism. The meat color values such as lightness, redness and yellowness did not reveal any significant trend. Overall, it could be concluded that lacquer supplementation at higher levels did not affect growth performance, but had a positive impact on fat metabolism by influencing fat digestibility and reducing serum cholesterol and triglyceride. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2006. Vol 19, No. 3 : 418-424)


The present Criminal Law of China and its judicial interpretation stipulate that rather severe criminal punishment be imposed on Mafia-like gangs for their organized crime,thus providing the legislation safeguard for the judicial organs to fight organized crime.However,as a result of many influencing factors,some flaws are still present in legislation against Mafia-like crimes in our country.We should improve the legislation as soon as possible,in order to effectively suppress the organized crime and maintains social harmony and stability.


In the area of personal protection against chemical and biological (CB) agents there is a strong focus on testing the materials against the relevant threats. The testing programs in this area are elaborate and are aimed to guarantee that the material protects according to specifications. This ensures that the protective clothing and respiratory protection that is out on the market consist of the best material for that purpose. However, protective clothing and respiratory protective devices in practice are worn as a system that is a 3D structure that is subject to different environmental conditions, movement and mechanical tear and wear. In the last few years test methods at system level (Whole System Tests [WST] or Battlefield Protection factor), have been developed to address these issues and provide information on the protective performance of clothing and gasmasks, in addition to the protection of the materials. These tests provide crucial insight in the design of protective equipment and its effect on overall protection to the wearer. Ergonomics testing of CB protective equipment has always been performed separately from the protection tests. Most recent developments are aimed at integrating ergonomics type tests in to WST protection to be able to evaluate the protective performance of CB protective equipment and respiratory protection in operational environments. In this development the WSTs should reflect relevant practical working conditions and possibly should extend to actual measurement of protection at the working place. In this presentation the developments and challenges on these types of tests will be addressed. Furthermore, developments in other areas of protection, as they relate to testing in operational environments, will be discussed. These developments indidcate the trend that test methods should reflect operational environments and provide insight in protection under those circumstances. Similar trends can be observed in protection against CBRN, heat and flame, impact and detection. For personnel from military and First Responders organizations the combinations of all the protection types are also relevant. A systemic approach in developing sepcifications and corresponding test methods should allow to optimize their personal protective systems.


Abstract "Secret societies", "traditional hunters", "charms" and "mystical weapons" are recurrent terms when analyzing some of the present armed conflicts in the Sub-Saharan region. However, though spiritual beliefs shape armed groups' behaviour, and such beliefs are integrated into the modus operandi of some armed groups, the role of these beliefs in warfare is largely overlooked. Far from being something anecdotal or incidental, the invisible world plays a role in shaping armed groups' behaviour and framing warfare dynamics. Spiritual beliefs might influence the respect afforded to international humanitarian law and international human rights law. Such beliefs may also serve various strategic functions, including for legitimation of the group, mobilization of support, control, cohesion, discipline, motivation and protection. Digging further into the matter and understanding how such beliefs impact the internal dynamics of armed groups and their external relations, including with the State, other armed groups and communities, is an essential part of understanding armed conflicts and their aftermath.


The dilemma is whether the embroyo or fetus is a person or only a potential person. To explore what makes the public debate about abortion in the United States so heated and passionate, interviews with activists on both sides were conducted over a 5-year period. A sample of more than 200 prolife and prochoice activists in California was taken. These interviews made 3 things clear. The present-day abortion debate largely involves 2 very different groups of women. These women are differentiated not only by their beliefs about abortion, but by the circumstances of their lives as well. The life circumstances and beliefs of the activists on both sides serve to reinforce 1 another in such a way that the activists have little room for dialogue, and few incentives for it. It is a confrontation between those women to whom traditional "natural" roles still work (patriarchy) and those seeking new roles (social). The typical prochoice activist is a 44-year-old married woman whose father was a college graduate. She married at age 22 or older, has 1 or 2 children, and has had some graduate or professional training after her bachelor's degree. She is married to a professional man, is herself employed, and has a family income of more than US $50,000 a year. She attends church rarely, if at all. Religion is not particularly important. The average prolife activist is also a 44-year-oldd married woman. She, however, married at age 17, and has 3 or more children. Her father was graduated from high school only. She, herself, has a good chance of having gone no further in school. She is not employed, and is married to a small businessman or lower-income white-collar worker. Her family income is less than US $30,000 a year. Her religion is important to her; she attends church at least once a week. She is probably a Catholic, but may be a convert to Catholicism. Prolifers see the world divided into 2 spheres--public for men and private for women. Prochoice activists reject this. The 2 sides are fundamentally opposed to each other on what abortion means.


There is a large portion of transcribed DNA, which does not code for a functional protein. These long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) appear to have epigenetic regulatory function in animals. While epigenetic gene regulation is also an essential mechanism in plants, relatively little is known about the presence or function of lncRNAs in plants. To explore the function of lncRNA in plants, we have developed a computational pipeline for identified potential lncRNAs based wheat full length cDNA (fl-cDNA) sequences, and there are 231 lncRNAs identified from 6162 wheat fl-cDNAs. Meanwhile, two novel miRNAs are identified from these lncRNAs, which indicate that wheat lncRNAs would play their roles by acting as precursors for small RNA molecules. And by sequence analysis, there are three conservative motifs present enrichment in lncRNAs, which shows that they may interact with other protein or DNA with these motifs. These findings are useful for exploration of lncRNAs function mechanism in plant.


: In Ayurveda, Panchakarma is a very successful Shodhan karma method. Vamana, Virechana, Raktamokshana , and other Shodhan therapies have been identified in the Samhita, with Rakta mokshana being considered the best therapy for Pitta and Rakta Pradoshaj vyadhi . Many Acharya believe that Rakta Dusti is one of the primary causes of Pittaj and Raktaj Vyadhi. Rakta , along with tvak , is usually the leading Dooshya in the range of skin diseases. As an outcome, Raktamokshana using varying modalities is much more effective in resolving pathogenesis in diseases like these. There are numerous historical examples of Raktamokshana being commonly accepted. The indications and contraindications are assessed prior to the procedure. Instruments are completely depended on the surgeon's skill, the place, the disease, and the availability of instruments. Tools should be modified as required, as per Acharya Sushruta. Since environmental stimuli may trigger Heena-Mithya-Ati Srava of Rakta , it has been advocated in the classics that bloodletting should be performed when the atmosphere is not too cold or too hot. During the operation, the amount of blood to be let out must be determined. According to the classics, one Prastha, Uttama Shodhana , has been suggested. Automatic blood stoppage after a set period of time is a sign of Samyak Siravyadha , which is associated with the patient feeling better and the severity of the illness lowering. As a result of the broad scope, widespread prevalence, and lack of effective management of Rakta Pradoshaj Vyadhi, it is necessary to understand the concept of Raktamokshana in the world of contemporary science and establish the therapy as an effective and safe treatment modality for Rakta Pradoshaj Vyadhi treatment.


Purpose: In the work is described the method that enables identification of controller of simulation procedures which ensures compliance of experimental research results of changes in material physical characteristics with the characteristics of the numerical model. Design/methodology/approach: The work presents the method of diagnostic assessment of residual strength of composite pipes produced with the use of the method of winding glass fibre impregnated by chemically setting polyester resin, subjected to fatigue load in condition of pulsating fluid pressure. Findings: The basis of assessment is the correlation of residual strength with the acoustic characteristics of composite coating of the researched pipes. Research limitations/implications: The parameters of simulation procedures which are of key importance for correctness of diagnosis were determined on the basis of results of non-destructive and destructive testing of pipe material samples, subjected to the load in conditions corresponding the working ones. Practical implications: The diagnostic tool is the simulation program of degradation process of composite material with set structure, which enables investigating the changes in material characteristics for any operating load program. Originality/value: The paper presents a new approach to diagnostic processes of destruction aging-fatigue for the purpose of assessing the residual strength of composite pipes using computer simulation methods.


In Beyond the veil: Male–female dynamics in modern Muslim society, Mernissi explores the impact of modernization on the social order in Morocco in the early 1970s, which was traditionally built on segregation and patriarchal understandings of Shariah law. Divided into two parts, the book begins with the traditional Muslim view of women and the social order through an analysis of the Qur'an and hadiths. Using Imam Ghazali's concept of sexuality, Mernissi illustrates how this concept, and our understanding of it, resulted in inequalities between the sexes, as well as the belief that the social order is dependent upon women as a consequence of their active female sexuality. Social order is described as being "secured when the woman limits herself to her husband and does not create fit, or chaos, by enticing other men to illicit intercourse" (Mernissi, 1987, p.39).


Fingerprints have been used as biometrics for personal identification or verification since a century ago. Although no exactly the same fingerprint from distinct identities was found, a perfect system for automatic fingerprint identification does not exist. The technique described here obviates the need for extracting minutiae points to match fingerprint images. This paper implements a Modified Gabor Filter (MGF). A circular tessellation of filtered image is then used to construct the ridge feature map. The fingerprint matching is based on the Euclidean distance between two corresponding feature vectors. This method can lessen noise, improving contrast between ridge and valley and also have tolerance to translation and rotation. Our system can increase the quality of image fingerprint. The achievement rate percentage of recognition is 85%. Keywords: Biometrics, Modified Gabor filters, fingerprints, matching.


The utility model is a double filtration cyclone separator, in particular relates to a cyclone separator capable of separating particulate, floccule and air. The utility model is mainly used for solving the known problem that the dust is re-mixed because of transverse eddy circulation existed in the cyclone separator, and the separating rate is not high because the separation of the dust and air is influenced by the secondary flying. The utility model comprises a tangential air inlet pipe connected on a separator, an air outlet pipe and a dust collecting box. The utility model is characterized in that an upper filtering net and a lower filtering net are arranged at one end of the air outlet pipe in the separator in turn and are connected in a sealing manner. The lower filtering net is communicated with the dust collecting box. The upper filtering net is communicated with the air outlet pipe. The utility model is simple in structure and low in cost. The separating effect of the particulate and air can reach up to 99.99%. The utility model is good in working environment because the dust is not leaked.


This project study is to invent an Add-On Module of basic car alarm system
that concern about car safety issues regardless of car stolen and carjacking. This add
on module will use PIC16F877A microcontroller as it main brain together with other
circuit such as voltage regulator, switching and other. The basic principle of this
system is likely an immobilizer, which is the car cannot be start if wrong sequence or
key is applied. This Add-On module will integrate with the stock alarm system in a
car together with switch key and car starter. The main objective of this project is to
enhance car safety issues from been stole by the thief. Even though there are a lot of
car alarm systems in market nowadays, very much of systems are only provide alarm
sound blaring if it been illegally open, yet this system can be override by the thieves
easily. The advance alarm system does provide GPS that can track the car if it had
been illegally taken. Yet, this system is highly expensive and maintenance also
costly. Thus, this Add-On system will solve these two constraints. This system can
archive it objective by using the same trick as thieves used but with technology by
manipulating the switch key, stock alarm system, and starter. System will get input
from switch key and stock alarm system and then will produce output to starter.
Starter will switch the engine on if the inputs are correct corresponding with the
program code inside the system. This system use 12 VDC as it power source
together with 5V voltage regulator to stabilize voltage for PIC16F877A.


This article presents the results of a longitudinal study of annual corporate filings (Forms 10-K) to the SEC, which sought to examine the changes in quantity and quality of disclosures of climate change related risks from 1995 - 2008. Over 6,000 filings were examined from those companies that had been listed on Standard and Poor's 500 index during the years examined. The report concludes that, while the number of companies discussing the risks and opportunities climate change poses for their companies has grown over the years examined, the rate and quality of such discussions still lags far behind what investors require to ensure a transparent marketplace.


ABSTRACT An experimental investigation on the adsorption of immuno-globulin-G on polystyrene microspheres is described. Two negatively charged polystyrene latexes of different surface charge density (σ0) were prepared by an emulsifier-free method. Rabbit IgG molecules were adsorbed on both latex samples. Adsorption isotherms at different ionic strengths and pH were performed. In all cases the adsorption isotherms showed well-defined plateau. The more negatively charged polystyrene latex showed a higher adsorption of IgG molecules at pH values lower than 8. Both samples of latex reached a maximum adsorption at pH = 6.0. The isoelectric point of the IgG-latex complex was around 5.5, it was lower than the isoelectric point range of the IgG molecules, which was from 6.1 to 8.7. This difference indicates that the negative charge of the latex surface at least partially compensates the positive charged groups of the protein The differences in the colloidal stability of the sensitized particles is not explained b...


Overseas Chinese is an important force in the Chinese modernization.As A Case Study of Guangxi,the article has a seeing about the effect of Overseas Chinese's resource in the exploitation of the Southwest national minority area in the modern time from economy exploitation,culture and education advancement,and ideology change.


Macropore formation in n‐type silicon is a self‐adjusting phenomenon characterized by a specific current density at the pore tip. At this specific current density, the dissolution reaction changes from the charge‐transfer‐limited to the mass‐transfer‐limited regime. The passivation of the pore walls in hydrofluoric acid is caused by a depletion of holes due to the n‐type doping of the substrate. Equations based on these findings are presented and allow us to precalculate the dimensions of the pores. The validity of the model and its mathematical description is verified in experiments. Pores of a depth up to the wafer thickness and aspect ratios of 250 were etched using this method.


Reaction mechanisms involved in the direct effects of radiation on proteins are discussed. Selected papers are cited to obtain an outline of the properties of those processes whereby energy absorbed in proteins or protein complexes might move from the initial point of absorption. to a critical site. In considering the changes induced by radiation which destroy enzymatic activity, evidence is reviewed favoring the hypothesis that a principal effect of radiation is to disrupt a specific and critical portion of the molecule when portions of the absorbed energy become localized there. Preliminary thermoluminescence data are presented to show that electrons displaced by radiation do not become localized at random in biomacromolecules. 50 references. (C.H.)


The integrated technology of oxygen blowing and bottom blowing was the core of EAF combined-blowing. Today's process model can not exactly describe the control of combined-blowing. In this paper, the EAF steelmaking history data was analyzed by K-medoids clustering algorithm which is data mining technology. Different clustering results were obtained under the cost of steelmaking, oxygen consumption, and etc. Finally, the optimizing combined-blowing curve is found out by analyzing the classified results. In the early of smelting, the flow rate of No.1 oxygen lance and No.2 oxygen lance is increased to improve the strength of decarburization and the pace of smelting. In the late of smelting, door oxygen lance starts to be used for dynamics conditions of carbon-oxygen reaction. The two bottom blowing lance use argon instead of nitrogen after 21 minutes in order to protect the steel components.


This Master Thesis "The Biological Treatment of Organic Food Waste" is done in the Master'sProgramme in Sustainable Technology at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in co-operation with the co ...


In this paper, we present our first results obtained with a multi-agent based simulation of the fruit and vegetable Rungis market. Our goal is to simulate negotiation and price formation based on observed strategies on the real market. We aim to understand negotiation and price formation mechanisms, and explain their impact on macro variables (like the difference between the official price and the average price used on the market).


A method is presented for the rapid generation and feasibility verification of motion primitives for quadrocopters and similar multirotor vehicles. The motion primitives are defined by the quadrocopter's initial state, the desired motion duration, and any combination of components of the quadrocopter's position, velocity, and acceleration at the motion's end. Closed-form solutions for the primitives are given, which minimize a cost function related to input aggressiveness. Computationally efficient tests are presented to allow for rapid feasibility verification. Conditions are given under which the existence of feasible primitives can be guaranteed a priori . The algorithm may be incorporated in a high-level trajectory generator, which can then rapidly search over a large number of motion primitives which would achieve some given high-level goal. It is shown that a million motion primitives may be evaluated and compared per second on a standard laptop computer. The motion primitive generation algorithm is experimentally demonstrated by tasking a quadrocopter with an attached net to catch a thrown ball, evaluating thousands of different possible motions to catch the ball.


The incidence of such eye conditions as interstitial keratitis (corneal opacities) and, to a lesser degree, of optic atrophy, in congenital syphilis, is well known. Paralyses of cranial nerves are frequently listed in textbooks as lesions of the nervous system in this disease. Strabismus by itself is not mentioned as a symptom of congenital syphilis in most of the textbooks of pediatrics and syphilology. Strabismus of one or of both eyes in acquired, adult syphilis of the nervous system is, of course, well known as a presenting complaint, or symptom. Jeans 1 found that in his series the central nervous system was involved in congenital syphilis in about one third of the cases, which was about the same incidence reported in the literature reviewed by him. At Stanford Children's Clinic we have had a number of patients suffering from congenital syphilis and strabismus, in some of whom the latter was the


Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are frequently used to gather information based on the environmental and physical factors. Security is still a significant challenge in the design of WSN. A key security issue observed in WSN is Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. In order to classify attacks in WSN, this paper introduces an artificial Deep Q Network (DQN) method with functional link neural network (ADQN-FLNN) model. Data preprocessing is first applied to the proposed ADQN-FLNN model to make the data more understandable. Secondly, the FLNN is efficiently used to recognize and categorize the WSN intrusions. The performance of FLNN model is improved by utilizing the ADQN to tune its parameters in the best possible way. An extensive experimentation evaluation has been conducted on test data to show how the ADQN-FLNN model has produced superior results, and the findings highlighted the enhanced outcomes.


Present status of the KENS facility (KENS-I') is reported here especially on the recent progress in instrumentation. Design concept of the KENS-II target station is briefly described with the results of recent R&D


Objective To study the changes of corneal histology and ultrastructure after implantation of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(PHEMA) and Polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA) in dry eye rabbit corneal stroma and to evaluate their biological compatibility.Methods Twelve dry rabbit eyes were divided into two groups randomly.Disc of microporous PHEMA or PMMA was implanted into the right cornea respectively.Rabbits were killed after 0.5、1、2 months of surgery to examine the excised cornea by light microscopy and transmission microscopy.Results Within one week after surgery,the symptoms of experimental eyes were ameliorated evidently.By two weeks after implantation,corneal fibroblast cells and deposition of collagens were found in the pores of PHEMA and PMMA materials,which migrating forward to the center of materials gradually in next 2 months.Conclusion PHEMA and PMMA have favorable biological compatibility in dry eye models,which permitting corneal fibroblast cells ingrowig growing and collagens depositing into the pores.


The second half of the book leads off with three articles on general methodological questions in field experimentation. The first, by Seashore, is a brief and elementary discussion of common problems. Next, Barnes discusses the contrast between classical and nonclassical models of experimental design. Here is an opportunity for discussion that could have given the whole book greater depth, but the promise is not realized. Historically the new approach to field experimentation is a topic that begins with Brunswik's monumental critique of the classical tradition and his emphasis on the growing trend to designs dealing more adequately with the issue of "ecological representativeness." The trend has been developed by growing awareness during the 1960's of many subtle and pervasive sources of error found in classical laboratory research. Some examples are the reinterpretation of the significance of the Hawthorne effect, Rosenthal's studies of experimenter bias, the concern with yeasaying and other response biases, the idea of construct validity (multitrait/multimethod variance), reactive vs. nonobtrusive measures, and the use of cues to make predictions about practical outcomes. Barnes mentions some of these but his treatment is spotty. His discussion owes a great deal to Campbell, whose exposition of quasi-experimental design has been a keystone in this whole development. Campbell himself is represented by the final article of the introductory section. Here he argues the importance of establishing and using institutional records, including such things as routine morale surveys, so that administrative action can become administrative experimentation. Characteristically, Campbell combines this simple, even simpleminded, suggestion with an extremely subtle, frank, and sophisticated analysis of problems of implementation. He opts for using as a starting point for research whatever administrative impulses exist rather than first doing a threeor four-year delegated research study that no one will have time to read. Campbell also presents a realistic perspective on the application of social science theory to practical problems. Discussing the problem of whether two-year teaching interns should be given the hardest or easiest schools first, he says: "social science knows little that is relevant and has so little opportunity to experiment that [the person asking the question] should inform social science, not vice versa." Compare this to some of the pretentious attempts in marketing texts and journals to apply social science theory to marketing. Contrasting the laboratory and field approach is a first approximation to the real issue of classical experimental design vs. realistic quasi-experimental design. Good laboratory studies usually have all the strengths and weaknesses of the classical approach but these weaknesses are not confined to laboratory research, particularly in marketing: witness Stewart's elaborate study Repetitive Advertising in Newspapers, which used JOURNAL OF MARKETING RESEARCH, AUGUST 1972


According to one embodiment, a protection circuit against transient voltages includes a first integrated circuit comprising an input node, an output node, a first protective component against transient voltages, which is coupled between the input node and a reference voltage node, and an impedance element coupled between the input node and the output node is. The first protective component against transient voltages has a first dynamic resistance value and the output node adapted to be provided with a protective component against electrostatic discharge (ESD) with a second dynamic resistance value which is greater than the first dynamic resistance value coupled.


Localization abstraction is a powerful technique that has long been a solution to the scalability problem of hardware model checking. However, computation resources are often inefficiently consumed during the repeated trial-and-errors between abstraction refinement engines and proof engines. To this end, many efforts have been made to combine the two independent techniques for better efficiency in recent years. In this paper, we present a novel model checking method that combines PDR (aka IC3) with a gate-level, hybrid abstraction technique to achieve further enhancement of scalability and performance for PDR. We implemented our work in ABC and evaluated it on the HWMCC13, HWMCC14 benchmark suites. The results show that our method substantially outperforms PDR as implemented in ABC and complements it on a large number of benchmark instances.


This chapter explores how young Italians met and chose their marriage partners, drawing primarily on the evidence from diaries and memoirs. One of the key themes of this chapter is how and why men and women remembered courtship, love, and marriage differently. Men tended to describe strong, open, and definite feelings of love in courtship, while women were much more likely to recount doubt, hesitation, ambivalence, or indifference. Reaching adulthood in post-war Italy had very different meanings for men and women, with men typically leaving home for military service and migration while women were more likely to remain with their families until their wedding. Love, marriage, home, and family thus had different meanings in their lives. While arranged marriages were becoming less common in these decades, the strong role played by family in courtship meant that it was often difficult to distinguish an arranged marriage from one that was not. With the rise of mass culture, men and women also began to measure their own experiences against romantic ideals, often to see them falling short. Experience of illness and disability marked many courtships, especially in the late 1940s and early 1950s, when malaria, tuberculosis, and pneumonia were common. In some cases this proved to be a barrier to marriage, although attitudes were beginning to change in the late 1950s. Class was also crucial in determining suitability, although it was family that was the ultimate arbiter.


Objective: To evaluate the pattern of thoracic surgical disease and surgical interventions performed in the Thoracic Surgery Department of a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Methodology: The following is a retrospective descriptive purposive study done in the year 2016 at the Thoracic Surgery Department of the Nishter Medical University Hospital, Multan, Pakistan. All the patients who were admitted through out-patient department or referred from other units, over the year 2016, were analyzed. Variables under consideration included mode of admission, patient's diagnosis, surgical procedure performed, type of anesthesia induced and the mortality. Data was presented using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 634 patients (370 females and 264 males) were admitted during the study period, out of which 566 came through the out-patient department while the remaining were referrals from other wards. In total, 697 surgeries were performed with esophagoscopy and dilation being the most frequent (38.7%), followed by tracheostomy (16.3%). Corrosive intake (49.8%) accounted as the cause for the highest number of admissions followed by empyema thoracis (11.4%). Conclusion: Local study on the topic of Thoracic Surgery audit, in terms of surgeries performed and variation of cases presented, has become an absolute necessity for better health care planning of Pakistan. The pattern of thoracic surgical diseases varies considerably in different regions and populations.  The evaluation of these disease patterns can help to adopt appropriate preventive measures to reduce the incidence of these diseases. Furthermore, it can significantly improve our health system. KEYWORDS: Thoracic surgery, Thoracic surgical diseases, Surgical Audit, Pakistan, Pattern of disease DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/66-07 Publication date: June 30th 2020


The review presents an overview of the first textbook on the basics of governmental cultural policy. It was prepared for students of the universities of the Ministry of Culture by specialists of the St. Petersburg Institute of Culture. In the review the author shows the importance of the discussed issues for the formation and preservation of Russia's cultural sovereignty, ensuring its national security in the conditions of informatization of society, the growth of ideological and civilizational confrontation in the modern world. The reviewer considers both the strengths and the weaknesses оf the manual. Nevertheless, she concludes that its authors have achieved the set goals, and this manual will contribute to the formation of professional competencies of the future figures of culture and art of Russia.


The sequential uniform design was introduced before.It is integrated uniform design with sequential idea.The target is resolution of selecting optimum on multidimensional quickly.The validity of sequential uniform design for revolving monotone function was point out.In this paper,the validity of sequential uniform design for monotone function by rate jump was point out.


A serine proteinase inhibitor was purified from silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) skeletal muscle by chromatographies on DEAE-Sephacel, SP-Sepharose,Blue-Sepharose and Con A-Sepharose.The purified inhibitor is a monomeric protein with the molecular mass of 50 kD as estimated by SDS-PAGE.Gelatin reverse zymography showed it had inhibitory activity on trypsin.The thermal stability of the inhibitor sharply decreased at temperatures over 60℃,but showed a wide range of pH stability(pH 3-11).The antiproliferative effect of the purified serine proteinase inhibitor was determined by MTT on Sp20 cells,Jarkat cells and MG63 cells.It showed the inhibition on the proliferation of the three cells in a dose-dependent manner.


The paper considers the hypothesis proposed in the literature that the emergence in the 13th — 14th centuries of a new temporal conception defined by Jacques Le Goff as "the merchant's time" played a significant role in the evolution of accounting in Central and Northern Italy. In order to lay the ground for research on this topic, the author identifies some of the ways and means by which the impact of the time factor could manifest itself in the ledgers of late medieval firms, for instance, the dating of transactions, the recognition of revenue and expense on either accrual or cash basis, various techniques employed to conceal interest on loans (i. e., the illicit "selling of time"), depreciation and amortization methods, the rhythm of business activity and the pace of economic life, capital and merchandise turnover etc. Issues related to the dating of operations are then explored through the example of the Venetian account book that is commonly known as the libro real nuovo of the Soranzo fraterna (1406—1434) and was compiled from numerous ledgers and financial documents to be presented in evidence during a litigation in the court of the giudici di petizion. About 10 % of entries in this manuscript remain undated, partly because the forensic accountant who drew it up was not always able to establish the chronology of long-past business dealings, but also because he opted to leave blank spaces in the new entries he made rather than to backdate them. On the whole, the study of the libro real nuovo reveals that the 15th-century Venetian merchants were fully cognizant of the economic value of time, and in their practice, the date of a business transaction formed an integral part of an accounting entry and supported the authenticity of the latter for legal purposes.


Objective:To study the advantage,limitation of Color Doppler Ultrasound in qualitive and location diagnosis of Bile duct diseases.Methods:The clinical data of 125 patients with Bile duct diseases which were confirmed by Color Doppler Ultrasound and clinical treatment were reviewed and analyzed,and the difference of Ultrasonography and clinical diagnosis was compared.Results:The Color Doppler Ultrasound diagnostic accordance rate was 75% and 54% for qualitive and location diagnosis respectively.Conclusion:The CDU is of the first choice for diagnosis of Bile duct diseases,but which must be combined with clinic and other detection results to get the correct diagnosis.


For thirty years historians of architecture have believed that the form of the domed rotunda designed by Diego Siloe for the cathedral of Granada was determined by its function as an imperial mausoleum for Charles V. This architectural innovation was purportedly stimulated by a decision made by the emperor in 1526 to be interred in the cathedral rather than in the Royal Chapel of Granada, burial site of his grandparents, Ferdinand and Isabella. The author demonstrates that, on the contrary, the emperor remained faithful to the traditions of his ancestors in this respect. His wishes concerning his burial in the Royal Chapel were respected by his son, Philip II, at least until Philip9s return from Flanders to Spain in 1559. Accordingly, another explanation for the striking form of the cathedral must be sought, and the generally held view that the Escorial was founded as a mausoleum for Charles V as early as 1558-1559 must be questioned.


Extracting signals at low single-photon count rates from large backgrounds is a challenge in many optical experiments and technologies. Here, we demonstrate a single-photon lock-in detection scheme based on continuous photon timestamping to improve the SNR by more than two orders of magnitude. Through time-resolving the signal modulation induced by periodic perturbations, 98% of dark counts are filtered out and the < 1 count / s contributions from several different nonlinear processes identified. As a proof-of-concept, coherent anti-Stokes Raman measurements are used to determine the vibrational lifetime of few molecules in a plasmonic nanocavity. This detection scheme can be applied to all single-photon counting experiments with any number of simultaneous modulation frequencies, greatly increasing SNR and resolving physical processes with picosecond time resolution while keeping the photon dosage small. The open instrumentationpackageprovidedhereenableslow-costimplementation


Introduction: Cannabis use can lead to a variety of untoward mental health effects. In recent past very few studies has been reported comparing course and outcome of acute psychosis with cannabis use to those of acute psychosis without cannabis use. This study attempted to evaluate the differences in course and outcome between two groups of patients presenting with acute psychosis with cannabis use and acute psychosis without cannabis use. Material and Methods: Two group of patients recruited for study were 'Cases with Cannabis' and 'Control without Cannabis' presenting with acute psychosis from out-patient department of psychiatry, MY hospital, Indore. These two groups were followed up over a period of 6 weeks along antipsychotic treatment with baseline assessment at 0 day, then at end of 1st week and at end of 6th week using rating scales. Results: 'Cases with cannabis' showed greater significant reduction in mean positive score between baseline to 6th week. In 'control without cannabis' both positive and negative symptoms reduced significantly between 1-6 weeks. There was significant reduction in aggression scores and YMRS scores at end of 1st and 6th week in both groups. There was significant improvement in functioning in both the groups however relatively better in controls without cannabis group. Conclusion: Cannabis associated psychosis presented with predominance of positive, affective and aggression symptoms as compared to psychosis without cannabis. Both groups responded well to antipsychotic treatment however overall functioning was better in cannabis without psychosis at the end of 6th week


Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrollidone) (PVP) has been widely used as a stabilizer to synthesize various kinds of nanoparticles. However, the effect of PVP and its role in the formation process of Ag/Pd nanoparticles are not well understood. In our PVP-protected Ag/Pd nanoparticles system, Ag + ions have higher priority to be reduced in the formation process of Ag/Pd nanoparticles. The presence of PVP hinders both Pd 2+ and Ag + ions. However, the steric obstacle effect of PVP is more pronounced for Pd 2+ ions and thus Pd 2+ ions are more difficult to diffuse through the polymeric barrier in the particle growth stage. Accordingly, Pd 2+ ions deposit onto the preformed nuclei later than Ag + ions rendering the palladium-rich surface structure of Ag/Pd nanoparticles. Moreover, the steric barrier of PVP is less effective with increasing molecular weight, possibly owing to the decreasing molecular numbers. The feasibility of Ag/Pd nanoparticles as activators for electroless copper deposition was also carried out. The crystalline structure of electroless Cu film was not affected by the manner of activation. Furthermore, the Ag/Pd (3/7) nanoparticles had the shortest induction period and thus exhibited the highest activity, which demonstrated their potential to be novel activators for electroless deposition.


The report deals with Advanced Algorithms and Metrics for Wireless Secrecy and Security developed within the framework of Newcom++ (contrarily to the first report which was an overview of existing ...


Objective To determine the clinical efficacy of the surgical treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis by the long term follow up of 60 patients. Methods Review and analyze the clinical results and functional status of 60 patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis from 1986~2000?Results There were 60 patients included in the study,treated with Luque System,Steffee System,RF-ⅡSystem,RF-Ⅱand BAR System. Each of their average correction rate were 42%,67%,95%,97% at the 3-8 years follow up. Conclusion Lumbar spondylolisthesis treated with several surgical instrumentation can achieve good long term clinical results and maintain the reduction of the deformity BAK Interbody fusion may prervent the complications.


A brilliant young college mathematics student knew that he had had renal disease for many years, but finally he became severely uremic and hypertensive. When life without dialysis was no longer possible, he was treated with the artificial kidney one or two times per week. Now he is in his third year of hemodialysis. During each dialysis his weight was reduced by ultrafiltration with the artificial kidney, and usually the arterial blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, would fall. However, during the following days, when he reaccumulated both salt and water, it would again rise. During the course of many months, there was a gradual reduction in his basic weight. Although he lost considerable body mass, he also was gradually dehydrated, and concommitant with this, the average level of blood pressure fell. When he socialized with friends and disregarded his 500 mg. sodium diet slightly, his blood pressure would rise. During his second year of dialysis, he adapted himself better to the situation. Patients in severe renal failure can be classified in two categories: the one group comprises those in whom it is fairly easy to reduce the blood pressure when they follow a 500 mg. sodium diet and when they are carefully dehydrated with the artificial kidney; and the other group in whom it is virtually impossible to do so. By dehydration and salt restriction they come into a state that alternates between hypertension and orthostatic hypotension. After many weeks or months of invalidism, they finally reach a stage in which it becomes possible to manage the blood pressure easier, but it is a time-consuming and, therefore an expensive and often trying period. For example, one 33-year-old man had malignant hypertension with papilledema and terminal uremia. Notwithstanding multiple dialyses during a three-month period, which kept the uremia under control, his blood pressure remained a problem. He was repeatedly in cardiac failure. His eyeground changes improved little. He lost muscle mass, and he also began to lose courage. It was decided to remove both kidneys. After bilateral nephrectomy it was far easier to manage the blood pressure. The improvement in his general condition was obvious. Most remarkable was the change in the color of the skin, which appeared to be slightly flushed, as compared with the livid pale color of malignant hypertension that we all know. When he was in the hospital, his blood pressure could be maintained easily within nearly normal limits by restriction of water and salt intake. When he went home and overindulged in salt and water, his blood pressure would rise, sometimes as high as it had been before, but it was easy to control by salt and water restriction. This patient was observed periodically for one year postnephrectomy, during which time two attempts at transplantation failed, and at the end of this period he was still normotensive and his eyeground lesions had healed. In regard to the two categories of patients mentioned earlier, after bilateral nephrectomy, the group with the difficult hypertension becomes much easier to treat. In the other group, bilateral nephrectomy does not seem to alter the condition in regard to the treatment of hypertension. It seems as though they were already in the renoprival state before nephrectomy. The condition that causes the


In 1994, the University Hospital of Londrina (UHL) implemented a quality program named QualisaHUde . At the time, the nursing director along with the head of the nursing education and training department directed the implementation of this program, given that the quality department was not operating. The aim of this paper is to describe the strategies and work process involved in the implementation of this quality program. Descriptive study conducted in a University Hospital with 294 beds, all available for Public Health System patients. There is high technology equipment being used in an old building structure with many adaptations. The services restructured the work process using Quality Principle tools. The most executed were Plan, Do, Check, Action and "5 S" considering the simplicity and prompt use. The implementation of the quality program highlighted the identification and discussion of the work process while they were taking place. However, this process requires constant attention of the team over their performance. Therefore, all team members must be committed to reach the main goals of delivering care with quality and safety without raising or causing conflicts within the teams.


A quaternary-ammonium Gemini surfactant with spacer chain containing hydroxyl was synthesized.Its molecular formula was C_(12)-3(OH)-C_(12)·2Cl,and its structure was confirmed by IR,()~1H NNR and EA.The optimum conditions of synthesizing C_(12)-3(OH)-C_(12)·2Cl were as follows:n(C_(12)H_(25)N(CH_(3))_(2))∶n(C_(12)H_(25)N(CH_(3))_(2)·HCl)∶n(chloroepoxy propane)=2.0∶1.0∶1.0,n-propanol as solvent and reacting for 3 h in reflux.The yield was 94.5%.The aggregation of C_(12)-3(OH)-C_(12)·2Cl in aqueous solution was investigated using surface tension method and time-resolved fluorescene quench technique.The results showed the ability for micelle formation of C_(12)-3(OH)-C_(12)·2Cl was much better than that of its monomer.The cmc of the former is one order of magnitude lower than that of the latter.The aggregation number of C_(12)-3(OH)-C_(12)·2Cl micelles increased with the increase of concentration.


Because of a great many malware, they must be classified into malware family before being analyzed manually. Otherwise, we cannot analyze and handle them in real time. By classifying them, we can analyze only some unknown malwares intensively. In this paper, we propose a framework for malware classification using static and dynamic analysis. We focus on techniques that extract malware features. We name the framework GATTACA(Genome-based ATTACk geneAlogy) from the movie that covers genome of human. We define features of Malware as Mal-DNA(Malware DNA). Mal-DNA includes static, hybrid and dynamic characteristics. In short, GATTACA is the framework for extracting Mal-DNA from malwares and classifying them. GATTACA consists of three components: (1) START(STatic Analyzer using vaRious Techniques) extracts static Mal-DNA of malware. (2) DeBON(Debugging-based Behavior mOnitor and aNalyzer) extracts hybrid and dynamic Mal-DNA of them. (3) CLAM(CLassifier using Mal-DNA) classifies malwares based on Mal-DNA using machine learning. START and DeBON extract Mal-DNA, and CLAM classifies malwares based on Mal-DNA. In this paper, we target on START and DeBON extracting Mal-DAN from malwares.


OBJECTIVE
To synthesize and present reference values for quadriceps and hamstring strength tests in healthy athletes who play pivoting sports and athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) who play pivoting sports.

DESIGN
Scoping review.

LITERATURE SEARCH
We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science until January 26, 2021.

STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA
We included reference values in two different categories: I) quadriceps and hamstring strength test outcomes from healthy pivoting sport athletes and II) quadriceps and hamstring strength test outcomes from pivoting sport athletes with ACLR at a specific time point during rehabilitation.

DATA SYNTHESIS
We performed a qualitative synthesis for reference values from isokinetic (at 60, 180 and 300°/sec) and isometric quadriceps and hamstring strength tests. We summarized the data for type of sport, sex, sport participation level and age group.

RESULTS
Of the 42 included studies, 26 reported reference values from healthy soccer players, 4 from healthy basketball players, 4 from healthy handball players and 11 from other healthy pivoting sport athletes. LSI dominant/non-dominant (LSI-D/ND) ranged from 98% to 114% for healthy athletes. Six studies reported reference values from pivoting sport athletes with ACLR at a specific time point during rehabilitation. After 7 months and beyond, strength values for athletes with ACLR are comparable to those of healthy pivoting sport athletes.

CONCLUSION
This scoping review summarizes quadriceps and hamstrings strength reference values for athletes who play the most common pivoting sports, including soccer, basketball and handball. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, Epub 31 Dec 2021. doi:10.2519/jospt.2022.10693.


This study proposes and empirically tests a comprehensive service-profit chain (SPC) framework that links survey-based customer satisfaction (CS), service quality (SQ), and share-of-wallet (SOW) measures to longitudinal data on two outcome variables—customer retention and customer profitability—gathered from a financial services company's internal records. The framework also incorporates other potential determinants of customers' actual behavior and offers several important insights. First, it demonstrates that an "interactive customer segment" (replacing current offerings with newer ones) is more profitable than are other segments. Second, it augments current knowledge about the SOW-profitability link by revealing that (a) different levels of SOW generate different levels of customer profitability (cross-sectional effect) and different profitability trajectories through time (longitudinal effect), with the high-SOW segment outperforming full- and low-SOW segments, and (b) the longitudinal relationship between SOW and profitability is nonlinear, with heterogeneity in profitability across customers significantly higher than the variability of the observed profitability values over time.


Danielle Jacquart's book, Recherches médiévales sur la nature humaine. Essais sur la réflexion médicale (XIIe–XVe s.), brings together a total of 18 articles written over a period of roughly 20 years, 16 of which have already been printed in other miscellanies by the same publisher (SISMEL). This, however, does not compromise the book's topicality as high-impact research. Though subdivided into articles written at different times, the unity of the work is defined by a guiding thread, the perception and description of human nature in the Middle Ages, that links all the pieces, which tend to refer one to the other and thus provide clarifications for the reader's benefit.


This visual essay explores more-than-human relationships between microbes and humans emerging across agricultural fields and scientific laboratories. Through material collected across fields and labs, and drawing on the concept of microbiopolitics proposed by Heather Paxson, the essay reflects on emerging attitudes of both affect and management. These relationships arise and become visible through growers' and scientists' practices, the objects they employ and the spaces they occupy. Seen in this light, pots and compost become the manifestation of attentive relationships with invisible nonhumans, potentially important in tracing the unfolding of ongoing environmental crises.


The Lasso has sparked interest in the use of penalization of the log‐likelihood for variable selection, as well as for shrinkage. We are particularly interested in the more‐variables‐than‐observations case of characteristic importance for modern data. The Bayesian interpretation of the Lasso as the maximum a posteriori estimate of the regression coefficients, which have been given independent, double exponential prior distributions, is adopted. Generalizing this prior provides a family of hyper‐Lasso penalty functions, which includes the quasi‐Cauchy distribution of Johnstone and Silverman as a special case. The properties of this approach, including the oracle property, are explored, and an EM algorithm for inference in regression problems is described. The posterior is multi‐modal, and we suggest a strategy of using a set of perfectly fitting random starting values to explore modes in different regions of the parameter space. Simulations show that our procedure provides significant improvements on a range of established procedures, and we provide an example from chemometrics.


Every instrument must provide the measurement accurately. Much wireless microcontroller-based power meter has been built, but benchmarking the measurement result with the industrial standard instrument were less. This paper presents a wireless three-phase microcontroller-based power meter development. Balance and unbalance load has been created for testing purpose. Then, the measurement results of a microcontroller-based power meter are compared to PM 8000 as an industrial standard instrument. The benchmarking results showed the accuracy of the power meter is above 85 % on average.


A systematic methodology is applied for performing parametric identification and health monitoring in the suspension substructures of complex vehicle models. The equations of motion are derived by applying a finite element method. As a consequence, they involve quite a large number of degrees-of-freedom (DOF). In addition, they include strongly nonlinear terms. In particular, the main nonlinearities arise due to the function of the suspension dampers and springs. Moreover, the action of the bushings connecting the suspension subsystems to the vehicle body is also strongly nonlinear. Since the resulting number of DOF is large, an appropriate coordinate condensation technique is applied first. This drastically reduces the dimension of the original system and allows the application of a statisticcal system identification methodology, which is effective for dynamical systems with relatively small dimension, in order to perform parametric identification and fault detection studies in the suspension subsystems of an example vehicle model. In the second part of this study, the methodology developed is applied and yields numerical results related to parametric identification and fault detection in the suspensions of the vehicle model examined. The results are found to be sufficiently accurate even in the presence of considerable measurement noise and model errors.


The utility model discloses a grease nipple assembling heading machine which comprises a machine frame and an X-axis framework. The machine frame is provided with a distribution box, a control system, a plurality of Y-axis guide rails and a work table. One side of the X-axis framework is provided with an X-axis motor, an X-axis guide rail and an X-axis screw rod are installed in the X-axis framework, the X-axis screw rod is provided with an X-axis moving block which is provided with a hitting device, the two Y-axis guide rails are located on the two sides of the machine frame respectively, each Y-axis guide rail is provided with a Y-axis moving block, the two Y-axis moving blocks are connected through a connecting plate, the Y-axis moving blocks are connected with the X-axis framework through supporting columns, the work table is provided with a plurality of framework fixing devices, the rear side of each formwork fixing device is provided with a mold pushing cylinder, a Y-axis screw rod is arranged below the formwork fixing devices, one end of the Y-axis screw rod is connected with a Y-axis motor, the other end of the Y-axis screw rod is rotatably connected with the machine frame, and the Y-axis screw rod penetrates through the connecting plate. The heading machine can save labor, improve production efficiency and reduce the rejection rate of grease nipples.


▴ Breen RAM, Miller RF, Gorsuch T, et al . Virological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy is unaffected by antituberculosis therapy. J Infect Dis2006;193:1437–40

[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]

The global burden of tuberculosis and HIV continues to increase. However, the combination of HAART and tuberculosis treatment is potentially problematic due to interactions, side effects and pill burden; this may lead to failure of HAART.

Case notes of 156 HIV and tuberculosis co-infected patients were retrospectively reviewed and compared with a matched control …

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A method of manufacturing it with a very thin substrate such that the organic electronic device easily manufactured. The manufacturing method includes a first step of grinding a first surface of the substrate, a second step of applying a protective polymer layer on the first surface, a second surface opposite the first surface by etching the substrate so that the substrate is thinned to the third step, applied to the second surface of the fourth step of etching the polymer layer containing a polymer material, a fifth step of removing the protective polymer layer, formed on the first surface of the organic electronic removing the protective polymer layer the sixth step of the device.


Three primary and two accessory flight muscles of Tadarida brasiliensis were studied using gross dissection and histochemical analysis. The pectoralis, subscapularis, and serratus ventralis thoracis muscles were composed entirely of fast oxidative fibers (FO), except for a restricted caudal portion of the latter muscle that included a small percentage of slow fibers (SO). The accessory flight muscles, triceps brachii and biceps brachii, included predominantly FO fibers except for deep-lying fascicles where a mixture of FO and SO fibers occurred. The exclusive presence of FO fibers in the primary flight muscles reflects the metabolic demands for high-speed flight over extended periods of time. The monotypic histochemical profile in these muscles represents a one-gear mechanical system for force production. Mixed populations of fiber types in the accessory flight muscles reflect the maintenance of postural or tonic role within these muscle groups. No fast glycolytic (FG) fibers were observed in any of the muscles studied, thus emphasizing the importance of oxidative metabolism in the flight muscles.


Objectives: This study aims to study and recover the concept and formation of the individual mind, seeking to show how it reinforces inequities, as a whole denies individual desires and singularities. Method: We will use the synchronous method to analyze the emergence of the formation of the individual concept in our society and its evolution for training of law. The comparative method is also used because analyze the individual formation process compared to the idea of person and legal entity, taking these concepts to the field of training of health care, especially the ethics of otherness and ethics of care, from an interdisciplinary review of authors of philosophy, anthropology, law and Public Health. Conclusions: The formation of the individual proves important for the formation of our modern law, to give power to the development rights and the principle of equality. However, the complexity of our society fostered by the density that human relations (in the broad sense) shows that the use of the individual concept in the domestic sphere of labor micro goes against the formation of otherness as a way to care and listen to the other which is not seen in its uniqueness.


In this paper we prove that the maximum dimension of the Lie group of automorphisms of the Riemann–Cartan 4-dimensional manifold does not exceed 8, and if the Cartan connection is skew-symmetric or semisymmetric, the maximum dimension is equal to 7. In addition, in the case of the Riemann–Cartan n-dimensional manifolds with semisymmetric connection the maximum dimension of the Lie group of automorphisms is equal to n(n− 1)/2 + 1 for any n > 2.


Recent developments in the areas of portable devices have taken enormous developments, especially the audio/music information delivery systems like headphones either using wired or wireless connectivity with mobile/portable devices. Usage of such portable devices with connected headphones is increasing day by day with user mobility in almost all the human age groups and sectors like traveling, workplaces, home places, walk paths, etc. This usage has an issue with the user interaction with the external world and also the contextual situations, actions and responses. Such issues lead to non-involvement and inconvenience or total destruction to the user. This depends on the surrounding situation and contextual hazardous events that may lead to accidents or life-threatening injuries. In order to handle such issues, we have designed an edge-based AI Voice responsive smart headphone for context awareness and alert system to the user. This model uses an edge-based machine learning Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm for voice recognition, runs either in the headphone or the device to which it is connected. Here the voice/sound recognition and alerting the user, can handle many contextual situations like normal interactions by name, hazardous scary situational sounds either by a bystander, or external sounds. Prototype models are developed for some of the voice records/ sounds using tensor flow ML-based algorithms over low footprint devices like mobile phones or STM 32 microcontrollers. Tested and validated for some of the voice/sound scenarios.


Most of the previous work on turbulence amplification by shock wave interaction is limited to shock wave/boundary layer types of interactions where additional effects due to shock wave oscillation, streamline curvature, and flow separation complicate the understanding of the physics involved in this phenomenon. The present experimental study has focused on interactions of a normal shock with grid‐generated turbulence in a shock tube. The decaying turbulence behind the grid is characterized by a variation of length scales with downstream distance and is subjected to an interaction with the reflected shock traveling in the opposite direction. Considerable amplification of turbulence has been found after the interaction which depends on the length scale of the incoming flow. Spectral analysis has also indicated that large eddies are amplified more than small eddies during interactions with shock waves of the same strength.


As a greener means of transportation, shared bicycle is becoming more popular in many cities. However, random parking seriously affects the appearance of a city and the safety of traffic. To realize a rational parking, an innovative bicycle intelligent lock based on multisensor was suggested in this article. First, a multisensor fusion and positioning algorithm was applied in the scheme of this article to judge whether the location and the positioning of the parking are proper. Next, through the radio-frequency identification technology, the system reads the information on the RF card of the intelligent lock for user authentication and used Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) to communicate between the devices and the server. Finally, through online monitoring and alarm software, the system can monitor the bicycle parking conditions in real time. In order to improve the accuracy of the event judgment, the attitude angle data were processed using the Kalman filter algorithm. The experimental results showed that a suitable direction error threshold was 10°, the average bicycle unlocking success rate was 98%, the average delay time was 4595.06 ms, and the judgment rates of inappropriate parking reached 100%. Therefore, by reminding and asking the user to park the bicycle correctly and alarming when the bicycle falls down, this system can make the parking of shared bicycles neater. The bicycle manager can also keep track of bicycle status information in time.


Modern international hydrocarbons turnover is becoming more autonomous and decentralized. This process is facilitated not only by the introduction into contractual practice of such network technologies as smart contracts and blockchain platforms, but also by the wide dissemination of sources of non-governmental regulation (lex petrolea). In the context of the network paradigm of private international law, the classic problem of conflict of laws is exacerbated. The author considers the conflict-of-laws aspects of the use of smart contracts based on blockchain technology in cross-border oil and gas transactions, taking into account the fact that the use of computer algorithms does not create a new contract, but is only a special form of transaction. Such "automated" transactions in the oil and gas sector involving multiple jurisdictions create uncertainty in their legal regime. In the absence of a comprehensive substantive legal regulation, and in connection with the phenomenon of lex petrolea, the conflict-of-laws method of regulation predominates. The author shares his reasoning concerning the possibility of extending the application of Regulation No. 593/2008 of the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union "On the Law to be Applicable to contractual obligations (Rome I)" to smart contracts. The author concludes that existing regulation is quite applicable to smart contracts in cross-border oil and gas transactions. Another question is whether the law, which is applicable by virtue of a conflict-of-laws rule, provides for an appropriate substantive basis. To date, special legislation on smart contracts has been passed in only several American states. It is predicted that in the future, private international law will not only determine the law applicable to smart contracts, but will also be a guide to disseminating the positive experience of legal regulation of smart contracts in different countries.


Bilingual forms of teaching and learning have become common practice in Germany. However, the idea of teaching mathematics bilingually has not been totally accepted yet. The ongoing study aims to investigate how young learners taught bilingually use and develop mathematical language in both of their target languages, with a focus on the usefulness of the communication tool PriMaPodcast. Parts of the research project and the interactive process of producing mathematical audio podcasts are presented.


Cancer cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties initiate both primary tumor formation and metastases at distant sites. Acquisition of CSC properties is highly associated with epigenetic alterations, including those mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). We have previously established the breast cancer patient‐derived tumor xenograft (PDX) mouse model in which CSC marker CD44+ cancer cells formed spontaneous microscopic metastases in the liver. In this PDX mouse, we found that the expression levels of 3 miRNAs (miR‐25, miR‐93, and miR‐106b) in the miR‐106b‐25 cluster were much lower in the CD44+ human cancer cells metastasized to the liver than those at the primary site. Constitutive overexpression of miR‐93 suppressed invasive ability and 3D‐organoid formation capacity of breast cancer cells in vitro and significantly suppressed their metastatic ability to the liver in vivo. Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome protein family member 3 (WASF3), a regulator of both cytoskeleton remodeling and CSC properties, was identified as a functional target of miR‐93: overexpression of miR‐93 reduced the protein level of WASF3 in breast cancer cells and WASF3 rescued the miR‐93‐mediated suppression of breast cancer cell invasion. These findings suggest that miR‐93 functions as a metastasis suppressor by suppressing both invasion ability and CSC properties in breast cancers.


Range of charge accumulation times for the charge-coupled device photodetector, in which there is linearity of its signal characteristics, is demonstrated. The influence of the blooming effect during the saturation of a signal on the form of spectral lines is shown. Method of simultaneous analysis of lines of significantly different intensity using multiple summations of the emission spectra, obtained with a small time of charge accumulation, is proposed.


Abstract Background Recent years have witnessed an explosive increase in community-associated Clostridium difficile infection (CA-CDI) in adults. Contact with infants, a population known to be asymptomatically colonized by C. difficile (CD), has been identified as a risk factor for CA-CDI, rendering it vital to explore the epidemiology and determinants of acquisition in babies. Methods In this prospective cohort study, healthy infants attending a demographically diverse suburban pediatric practice were enrolled at birth and followed through their 2-month, 6-month, and 12-month well child visit. At each visit, stool samples were collected, and questionnaires including interim exposure to potential risk factors for CD acquisition were administered. Stool was inoculated on pre-reduced CCFA agar with a graduated loop. Among CD isolates, toxin genes were identified by PCR. Results Fifty infants were recruited; 90% of samples and questionnaires were completed. The average gestational age was 39 weeks and 46% were male. Twenty-eight (56%) infants had at least one sample positive for CD during the study: cross sectional incidence was 0/50 at birth; 9/47 (19%) at 2 months; 22/43 (51%) at 6 months; 6/37 (16%) at 1 year. Of those with positive stool cultures, three(11%) tested positive at multiple visits. Of the 37 (81%) isolates, 30 were PCR-positive for CD toxin. Five stool samples harbored >4.5 log10 cfu of toxigenic CD/g of stool. Proportions of CD+ vs. CD− subjects, respectively, with interim exposure to selected CD risk factors at each visit were as follows: infant healthcare visit 45% vs. 42%; household member healthcare visit 17% vs. 23%; household member with diarrhea 14% vs. 29%; antibiotic exposure 5% vs. 4%; antacid exposure 7% vs. 3%, all P > 0.05. Regarding risks for acquisition of enteric pathogens in general: breastmilk-including nutrition 57% vs. 73% (P < 0.05 only at 2-month visit); 48% CD+ infants had interim daycare attendance vs. 25% CD− (but P > 0.05 at each visit). Conclusion Asymptomatic carriage of toxigenic CD occurred in over half of healthy infants during the first year of life, and several had a high organism burden that could increase the risk for transmission. While daycare attendance was more common among colonized infants, the majority of infants who were CD+ had no daycare exposure. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.


The poor results of Czech students according OECD research, is
the consequence of our underfunded educational system. There
are several other reasons. The decline of moral values and a
proclivity to an egoistic model of behavior is common in our
society. Young people cannot find good role models for their
behavior. Successful, wealthy people are among those who are
egoistical and frequently do not respect the laws. High-quality
teachers are leaving the teaching profession due to very low
income. Less talented students are accepted into higher quality
secondary schools just to fill empty places of these schools
and keep them open for business. Schools do not have
appropriate funding for the reconstruction of buildings and
equipment, except for those schools with ties to local
politicians. The quality of textbooks is getting worse thanks
to the system of contracts which are not closed according to
the quality of the publishing house. The quality of the Czech
education system mirrors the ever lower standards of the Czech
society.


Maneb is a broad spectrum fungicide, often reported as a carcinogenic, teratogenic and neurodegenerative agent. Thus, the occurrence of maneb at non-targeted sites is a cause of concern. The present study investigates adsorption–desorption behaviour of maneb in the agricultural soils to know its fate, mobility and availability in the soil. The sorption study was carried out by batch equilibration procedure. Maneb adsorption followed Langmuir isotherm and was accompanied by increase in manganese content of the soil. Maximum adsorption was observed in soil having the highest clay content. High maneb retention was observed in presence of soils modified with organic matter. The results of this study indicate that the clay and organic matter content of soil have significant influence on sorption behaviour of maneb. Amending soil with organic matter can reduce maneb pollution at non-targeted sites.