I know this question gets asked over and over, but I am determined that there must be a basis for choosing either side of a TEM grid when picking up sections. Which side works best and why—the dull side or the shiny side? By the way, I love you and simply must meet you to share my micrographs. Is there a time when we could get together?


Over twenty years have passed since the insurrection in Kosovo which ended with the introduction of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), in June 1999. The establishment of the State of Kosovo has raised multiple questions and challenged public international law doctrines in different ways. The validity of unilateral State succession in the post-colonial era, the international legal personality of international intergovernmental organizations, and the exercise of sovereign rights by other entities than States are among the questions that the international community has had to contend with. The present essay elaborates the aviation law-related aspects of these challenges, more precisely the reopening of the upper airspace of Kosovo, with a special focus on the legal solutions of the Implementing Agreement Between Hungary and the International Security Force in Kosovo (KFOR) (Implementing Agreement Between the Government of Hungary and International Security Force in Kosovo (KFOR) for the Provision of Air Navigation Services (ANS) and Other Relevant Activities in the Designated Airspace over Kosovo as promulgated by Act No. CCXLVIII of 2013 on Promulgation of the Implementing Agreement Between the Government of Hungary and International Security Force in Kosovo (KFOR) for the Provision of ANS and Other Relevant Activities in the Designated Airspace over Kosovo.).
airspace, sovereignty, NATO, Kosovo, Hungary


In this paper, we investigate the structure of the finite-time optimal feedback control for freeway traffic networks modeled by the Cell Transmission Model. Piecewise affine supply and demand functions are considered and optimization with respect to a general linear objective function is studied. Using the framework of multi-parametric linear programming, we show that the optimal feedback control can be represented in a closed-form by a piecewise affine function on polyhedra of the network traffic density. The resulting optimal feedback control law, however, has a centralized structure and requires instantaneous access to the state of the entire network that may lead to prohibitive communication requirements in large-scale complex networks. We subsequently examine the design of a decentralized optimal feedback controller with a one-hop information structure, wherein the optimum outflow rate from each segment of the network depends only on the density of that segment and the density of the segments immediately downstream. The decentralization is based on the relaxation of constraints that depend on state variables that are unavailable according to the information structure. The resulting decentralized control scheme has a simple closed-form representation and is scalable to arbitrary large networks; moreover, we demonstrate that, with respect to certain meaningful linear performance indexes, the performance loss due to decentralization is zero; namely, the centralized optimal controller has a decentralized realization with a one-hop information structure and is obtained at no computational cost.


An exploration into the stability of 3D printed thin-walled concrete elements during manufacturing is presented. The failure mechanisms, material parameters and analysis methods are presented. Self-buckling is the dominant failure mechanism, where the Young's modulus plays an important role. Material experiments to assess the Young's modulus are performed and presented. Predictive analysis methods to evaluate the printability of objects are discussed, where finite element modelling and the mechanistic model of Suiker are compared.


We review the recent developments in the area of optical fiber grating sensors, including quasi-distributed strain sensing using Bragg gratings, systems based on chirped gratings, intragrating sensing concepts, long period-based grating sensors, fiber grating laser-based systems, and interferometric sensor systems based on grating reflectors.


This study examined the basic measurement theories (classical test and item response theories) and psychometric properties of the adopted 2016 - 2017 National Examination Council (NECO) mathematics examination instruments in Calabar Education Zone of Cross River State, Nigeria. The research design adopted for the study was the instrumentation design. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample of one thousand three hundred and fifty one (1,351) students across the local government area in the zone. Two instruments, namely the 2016 and 2017 NECO mathematics multiple choice tests were used for data collection. A trial test of the instruments on 60 comparable non sample group showed reliability (KR20) indices of .91 and .94 for the 2016 and 2017 versions respectively. Difficulty indices ranged between .20 and .85 as well as .10 and .91 respectively for the two years. Discrimination indices were .42<d< 1.00 and .31< d< .89 respectively for the two versions. The final administration yielded data that were collated and analyzed using 2-way repeated measure ANOVA and chi-square statistics. Statistical analysis, showed that the item difficulty and item location, item discrimination indices and 'a' parameter and the option distraction powers of the 2016 and 2017 NECO mathematics multiple choice tests were significantly different. It was concluded that significant difference exist between psychometric properties using the different measurement theories. Based on these findings, it was recommended that NECO should use the item response theory (IRT) in assessment for its relative merit over the CTT among others.


I am a big fan of the 2011 report by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) on how to generate treatment guidelines that the public can trust.[1] I chair a steering committee charged with advising the American Psychological Association (APA) on how to generate such guidelines and the IOM report proved invaluable to us in that task.[2] What the IOM did was to pull together a compilation of the current best practices with respect to treatment guideline generation and the resulting product was a wonder to behold. In their even more recent report on empirically supported psychosocial treatments the IOM has done it once again, providing a succinct overview of the current state of psychosocial treatment in the United States. The report makes it clear that we have well-established evidence-based treatments that simply are not widely available to the public because of the failure of our professional training programs and the fragmented nature of our health care system. The US functions like a first-world country when it comes to developing and testing efficacious psychosocial treatments, yet we function more like a third-world country when it comes to publicizing what works and making those treatments available to the public. By way of contrast, the United Kingdom (UK) recently invested over 700 million pounds to train therapists employed by the National Health Service (NHS) to implement evidence-based psychosocial treatments.[3] The IOM report will go a long way toward changing that sorry state of affairs. The report focuses on five key areas of change: (1) strengthening the evidence base of interventions, (2) identifying key elements of interventions, (3) conducting independent systematic reviews, (4) developing quality measures for interventions, and (5) implementing interventions and improving outcomes. I address each in turn from the perspective of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and how it compares to medication treatment.


In an effort to broaden the understanding of how early job insecurity can affect an individual's future career from an employer's perspective NEGOTIATE conducted an employer‐sided survey with an integrated multidimensional vignette experiment in Bulgaria, Greece, Norway and Switzerland. This report documents the sampling and data‐collection in the four countries. In addition we present some basic descriptive results from the survey. Data from the survey will be available for public use, following a quarantine period after the end of the project, through the data repository at the Norwegian Centre for Research Data (NSD). Theoretical considerations underpinning the survey, state of research and a further description of the methodological approach is previously published in the NEGOTIATE Working paper D7.1 Studying employer's risk assessment and the role of institutions: An experimental design (Shi, L.P, C. Imdorf and R. Samuel 2016).


Evidence of recent spawning by several species of marine eels of the families Congridae, Ophichthidae, and Nettastomatidae was found over the continental shelf along the coast of northeastern Japan in October 2003. Sixty-three leptocephali of at least three taxa that ranged from 3.8 to 12.3 mm total length were collected in a relatively small area, just to the south of Cape Shioya, primarily over the 100-and 200-m-depth contours. The leptocephali of Gnathophis nystromi nystromi were the most abundant, followed by those of G. nystromi ginanago. This spawning area is located in an area that appeared to include water originating from the Tsugaru Warm Current and is further south than the typical latitude of the cold water of the Oyashio First Intrusion. These findings suggest that some species of marine eels may not migrate past the slope to spawn, and that the oceanographic features of the region may provide favorable conditions for the growth and retention of leptocephali in the area to the south of Cape Shioya.


This research aims to achieve the objectives of 1) analyzing the extent of personality influences decision making to be a customer of Bank Riau Kepri Sharia (BRKS), 2) analyzing the extent of motivation influences decision making to be a customer of BRKS, and 3) analyzing the extent of social class influences decision making to be customer of BRKS. This research used explanatory quantitative, intended to explain the relationship among variables to examine several hypotheses. The population of this study is all customers of BRKS in year 2021. The total sample are 205 respondents. To answer the problems formulated in this study using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is conducted. Based on the discussion and analysis, the result reveals several conclusions as follows: 1) Personality has no influence towards decision making to be a customer of BRKS, because most customers are millennial generations who were not only have extraversion but also openness. 2) Motivation has influence towards decision making to be a customer of BRKS, which means that customers are motivated to be customers of BRKS because affiliated to a certain religion, group, or ethnic relationship. 3) Social class has influence towards decision making to be a customer of BRKS, which means that increasing the social class will influence the decision to be a customer of BRKS, 4) Personality did not simultaneously influence decision making to be costumer of BRKS. Motivation and social class did simultaneously, which means the changes in variables of motivation and social class would change the decision making to be a customer of BRKS.


A novel formal theory of concurrent systems that does not assume any atomic operations is introduced. The execution of a concurrent program is modeled as an abstract set of operation executions with two temporal ordering relations: "precedence" and "can causally affect". A primitive interprocess communication mechanism is then defined. In Part II, the mutual exclusion is expressed precisely in terms of this model, and solutions using the communication mechanism are given.


Since the input format of video sources into a video processor can be quite different, for example, maybe film-mode source or interlaced TV video images, and they should be handled separately. Whereas fields merge (weave) method with correct field sequence is the best de-interlacing algorithm for film-mode source video, the incorporation of spatial, temporal, and low-angle edge detection/interpolation methods should be used for interlaced TV video images in order to obtain the best quality visual images. In this paper, a robust film-mode source detection method with layered structure to improve the correction rate of detection is used to separate the film-mode source from the interlaced TV video images, and abnormal sequence correction method also is proposed to guarantee the correction of weaving sequence. And, from the simulation results, it can be seen that the proposed algorithm can correctly detect the 3:2 pulldown film-mode source images and perform the field merge with correct field sequence.


The idea of priority encoding transmission (PET), although very useful to provide graceful degradation of performance in the presence of packet loss, presents a challenge when one tries to apply it in a random network coding environment. So far, the only solution proposed relies on the rateless feature of network coding and is therefore not suitable for delay-constrained applications. In this paper, a PET system based on rank-metric codes is proposed. This system can provide strict combinatorial guarantees of recovery. The system is also able to provide forward error correction of corrupt packets that could potentially be introduced by malicious users. Application of the system to streaming media broadcasting is proposed, illustrating the potential practical utility of this approach.


We consider the Dirichlet problem for the complex Monge-Amp\`ere equation in a bounded strongly hyperconvex Lipschitz domain in $\C^n$. We first give a sharp estimate on the modulus of continuity of the solution when the boundary data is continuous and the right hand side has a continuous density. Then we consider the case when the boundary value function is $C^{1,1}$ and the right hand side has a density in $L^p(\Omega)$ for some $p>1$ and prove the H\"older continuity of the solution.


PurposeThis study explores employer perspectives regarding barriers to and responsibility for the workforce integration of skilled immigrants. Specifically, this study assesses employer perceptions of how influential various barriers are to the integration of self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) in the workplace, uncovers employer perceptions of SIEs competence levels, identifies employer perceptions regarding multiple stakeholders' levels of responsibility for SIEs integration and explores impactful means to overcome these barriers.Design/methodology/approachGiven Canada's dependence on SIEs for labour force growth, an online survey was conducted with hiring managers of 99 firms in a mid-sized city in Ontario, Canada.FindingsThe results demonstrate that employers shift the onus of responsibility for SIEs integration to other stakeholders (namely, the immigrant or government agencies), require documentation to evaluate human capital attainment of SIEs and may be systemically discriminating against SIEs.Research limitations/implicationsThe results indicate a need for documented evidence to validate foreign education and skills previously acquired by SIEs. They advance research by providing a comparative assessment of barriers from the employer's point of view.Practical implicationsThe findings support the notion that employers should strategically partner with specialized private or government agencies to help with efforts to attract and evaluate SIEs.Originality/valueGiven that employers are key decision-makers regarding employment outcomes, this study investigates the underexplored role and perspective of employers in integrating SIEs. Additionally, this study provides both a holistic and a relative assessment of the barriers to and responsibility for SIEs integration, exploring the impact of each factor on employer decision-making.


Short‐term exposure to nonviolent sexual media stimuli can produce cognitive changes in men, which, in turn, can affect their attitudes toward women. This study sought to build on past research by reliably distinguishing between (a) sexually explicit and non‐sexual films and (b) sexually explicit films that are either degrading or non‐degrading to women. We tested whether men's viewing of these materials affects their judgment of women in subsequent face‐to‐face interactions. Sex‐typed and non sex‐typed men (Bem, 1974) viewed one of three equally stimulating film stimuli determined by an independent set of viewers to be: (a) sexually explicit and degrading, (b) sexually explicit and non‐degrading, or (c) non‐sexual film. After viewing, the men interacted with women and then evaluated their partners' intellectual competence, sexual interest, sexual attractiveness, and sexual permissiveness. Women rated the men's sexual interest, dominance, and their own feelings of degradation during the interaction. No ef...


A METHOD OF SEPARATING THE DEGREE OF OVERCONSOLIDATION OF SOFT CLAY DEPOSITS, WHICH RESULT FROM CHANGES IN GROUND STRESSES AND GROUNDWATER LEVEL AND FROM TOTAL DEGREE OF OVERCONSOLIDATION IN THE GROUND, IS OUTLINED. /RRL/


Atom transfer radical polymerization of methacrylates has been performed using hydrated natural clay as a support for a CuBr(2)-ligand complex and the supported clay catalyst has been recycled for 21 batch polymerizations without losing its activity.


In the modern information space, an important role is played by television news, which is the most popular form of information dissemination, and therefore, an important place is occupied by news presenters. After all, TV presenters directly or indirectly influence the audience and act as mediators between the audience and journalists. Researcher M. Margalyk wrote that: "In the newscast, together with the news, we receive some psychological support, or vice versa, we feel its absence. the presenter is such a face that you want to look at again" [5]. The recipient, in turn, consumes the key information that the presenter provides through the TV screen. this chain, in our opinion, is continuous, especially now, when the audience needs operational information from the presenters about the main things that are happening in the country.
The article examines the image of the news anchor, his manner of presenting information, its accessibility, and most importantly, the peculiarities of image building. the image of Svyatoslav Grinchuk and Natalya Ostrovska, who are among the most recognizable news anchors on the "1+1" channel, was studied in order to better perceive information of a news nature.


The Philippines population has increased from 27 million in 1960 to an estimated 58 million in 1988. Population density has reached 190 persons per square kilometer making the Philippines one of the most densely populated countries in the Asian region. The government of the Philippines is planning to launch a revitalized population program to attain a net reproduction rate of 1 by 2010. This new population will continue to promote voluntary small family size and states that responsible parenthood along with efforts to make available the knowledge means and opportunity to practice family planning shall be intensified.


Virus protein 'u' (Vpu) is one of the accessory proteins expressed by the HIV-1 genome. It is a type I integral phosphoprotein which contains a single-helical transmembrane (TM) domain and an amphipathic cytoplasmic domain. In its oligomeric form, the transmembrane domain is responsible for the ion channel activity of Vpu, and the domain itself is the main contributor in the antagonistic function against BST-2, a host cell viral restriction factor. The cytoplasmic domain is responsible for the binding of CD4 receptors at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and recruiting other protein complexes that ultimately leads to the CD4 degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway. In order to structurally characterize this protein by NMR, a lipid environment in the form of either micelle or bicelle was used for the proper solubilization and folding of the protein. Solution NMR was used as a method to quickly examine the stability of the protein within micelles and to identify the secondary structure regions, while solid- state NMR gave helical tilt and rotation information as well as the orientation restraints of individual amide bonds for a protein embedded in a bilayer environment. In this thesis, structural features of Vpu based on NMR results of wildtype and various truncated/mutant forms of the protein are presented. A single site mutation on the TM that enables the inter-conversion of structure and functionality between Vpu and M2, a structural analogue from Influenza A virus, will be discussed. The last section will describe the collaborative effort of examining the protein-protein interaction between Vpu and BST-2 using a combination of spectroscopic, biological, and computational approaches. Residues involved in the interaction between the two proteins' TM domains were identified in solution NMR experiments while the helical tilt angles and interaction faces were determined by solid -state NMR. A model of the complex is presented and shows remarkable agreement with the combination of NMR data, biological results, and computational simulation


A simulation engine will be presented through which interactive virtual vocational environments were realized. In this simulation students could act as employees in a simulated company and as such gain experience and skills for their future profession. The simulations that are based on this simulation engine are simulations of practical situations that are being used in the secondary vocational education in the department of economics in the Netherlands. For the past six years this system has been totally redesigned and adapted to meet the requirements of the educational field. Now, thousands of users will be able to use this new simulation environment through the internet. At this moment an intelligent tutoring system is developed and will be tested. The simulation environment becomes now a full adaptive learning environment. During the workshop a demonstration will be given, showing the different possibilities of the system. Also the problems of filling the rules, decisions and content of the intelligent tutoring system will be discussed.


W hen I made plans to visit Europe in early 1961, I entertained the thought of a meeting with Bertrand Russell. As the grandson of a well known atheist and the son of a prominent civil libertarian, it was only natural that I should have an extremely high regard for Russell. I consulted two prominent American humanists as to the propriety of such a visit; the one cautioned that it would be an imposition on the ailing philosopher, the other reassured and encouraged me by saying that Russell would be delighted to see me. With only two opinions, one of which coincided with my inclinations and one which did not, I had little choice but to give the former greater weight. Bertrand Russell, at the time of my visit, resided on a farm in a rather remote district of northwest Wales. His address reached me belatedly in Edinburgh, Scotland. I immediately sent him a letter indicating that I was coming. I stated in the letter that I would certainly understand if he were indisposed. Unfortunately, my coming without his confirmation did place him in the difficult position of possibly having to turn me down only after I had come a considerable distance. The trip from Edinburgh required four exhausting days because rides were hard to come by and I walked much of the way. On the evening of 2 June 1961, I arrived in the small Welsh village of Penrhyndeudraeth. Early the next morning, I telephoned Lord Russell's home which was a mile or so distant in the country. A housekeeper answered and listened patiently to my story. She excused herself for a moment. Upon her return, she asked me if I could visit the farm at four o'clock that afternoon. That day was not without its distractions as I anxiously awaited tea time and the interview with Bertrand Russell. My landlady knocked on my door to ask if I would meet with the town grocer, a gentleman by the name of Richards. In


A proof-of-concept prototype of a heterogeneous catalytic reactor has been developed for continuous production of hydrogen via formic acid (FA) dehydrogenation. A laboratory-type polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) fed with the resulting reformate gas stream (H2 + CO2) was applied to convert chemical energy to electricity. To implement an efficient coupling of the reactor and PEFC, research efforts in interrelated areas were undertaken: (1) solid catalyst development and testing for H2 production; (2) computer modeling of heat and mass transfer to optimize the reactor design; (3) study of compatibility of the reformate gas fuel (H2 + CO2) with a PEFC; and (4) elimination of carbon monoxide impurities via preferential oxidation (PROX). During the catalyst development, immobilization of the ruthenium(II)–meta-trisulfonated triphenylphosphine, Ru-mTPPTS, catalyst on different supports was performed, and this complex, supported on phosphinated polystyrene beads, demonstrated the best results. A validated mat...


The transition-metal catalysed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction is a highly efficient synthetic tool that allows six-membered polysubstituted carbo- and heterocyclic derivatives to be obtained in an atom economy process. This doctoral thesis is based on methodological and mechanistic studies of the rhodium(I)-catalysed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction. In particular, the use of hemilabile S-stereogenic and P-stereogenic ligands for the rhodium-catalysed [2+2+2] cycloaddition is described. The activity of these new catalytic systems is evaluated in the cycloaddition of three alkynes and in the enantioselective cycloaddition of enediynes to obtain chiral cyclohexa-1,3-dienes. Moreover, the participation of Baylis-Hillman adducts as alkene moieties for the partially intramolecular [2+2+2] cycloaddition is described for the synthesis of a set of enantioenriched bicyclic cyclohexadienes featuring a quaternary stereogenic centre. Finally, the mechanistic study of the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of alkynes by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and DFT calculations is performed.


When deploying Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents into a physical system, we must ensure that these agents are well aware of the underlying constraints. In many real-world problems, however, the constraints are often hard to specify mathematically and unknown to the RL agents. To tackle these issues, Inverse Constrained Reinforcement Learning (ICRL) empirically estimates constraints from expert demonstrations. As an emerging research topic, ICRL does not have common benchmarks, and previous works tested algorithms under hand-crafted environments with manually-generated expert demonstrations. In this paper, we construct an ICRL benchmark in the context of RL application domains, including robot control, and autonomous driving. For each environment, we design relevant constraints and train expert agents to generate demonstration data. Besides, unlike existing baselines that learn a deterministic constraint, we propose a variational ICRL method to model a posterior distribution of candidate constraints. We conduct extensive experiments on these algorithms under our benchmark and show how they can facilitate studying important research challenges for ICRL. The benchmark, including the instructions for reproducing ICRL algorithms, is available at https://github.com/Guiliang/ICRL-benchmarks-public.


The invention discloses a making method for producing biologic protein feeds by using corncobs; the solid-state fermenting process of the making method for producing the biologic protein feeds by using the corncobs comprises the following steps of: crushing the corncobs after naturally drying the corncobs; sieving the crushed corncobs through a 60-mesh sieve; and then adding bran and a nutritive salt solution; treating an obtained mixture under high pressure at 126 DEG C; culturing the mixture by using aspergillus niger for 48-72 hours and then inoculating yeast; adding 20% of bean pulp after culturing the mixture by using the aspergillus niger for 72-96 hours; fermenting for 48 hours again; drying a fermentation product after the fermentation is finished; and crushing the fermentation product to obtain the corncob protein feeds. In the biologic protein feed product disclosed by the invention, the crude protein content reaches more than 25.3% and the net protein incremental is more than 10.8%. In addition, by using an enzyme system with rich aspergillus niger, the antinutritional substances, such as a trypsin inhibitor, a urease, hemagglutinin and the like, in a soybean protein are reduced to a larger degree; the antigenicity of the soybean protein is effectively eliminated, useful metabolic products like oligopeptides, amino acids, vitamins, enzymes and the like are increased so that the palatability of the feed is improved and the nutritional value is increased. According to the invention, the biologic protein feeds are produced by using a microbial fermentation method so that the biologic protein feeds have certain effects on reducing rural environmental pollution, saving feed grains, easing protein resource supply tension, reducing the feed cost and increasing the farmer income and can be used as raw materials of the feeds.


BACKGROUND
To test safety and efficacy of ORT (oral rehydration therapy), we compared an ORT group with an intravenous infusion (i.v.) group by gastric fluid (volume and pH) obtained by endoscope and gastric ultrasonography examination.

METHODS
Twenty six patients scheduled for endoscopic surgery were assigned to an ORT group or an i.v. group by standardized clinical path. After gastric ultrasonography examinations to calculate CSA (cross sectional area) of gastric antrum, general anesthesia was induced. Immediately after anesthesia induction, gastric fluid was obtained by endoscopy, and its volume and pH were measured.

RESULTS
Fifteen and eleven patients were assigned to ORT group and iv group, respectively. In ORT group, CSA was median 1.9 cm2 (95% CI:1.8-2.6 cm2), gastric volume was median 11 ml (95% CI: 8-18 ml) and pH was median 3.6 (range: 1.2-8.8), and in i.v. group CSA was median 1.8 cm2 (95% CI: 1.6-2.7 cm2), gastric volume was median 4 ml (95% CI: 3-12 ml), and pH was median 3.1 (range: 1.2-7.2). There was no significance between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Gastric volume in ORS group was not smaller compared with that in i.v. group, and there was no significant difference in pH between the groups.


The present invention provides a minute fluid cell chip, a method for culturing a cell using the same, and an apparatus for analyzing a cell image using the same. The minute fluid cell chip includes: a plurality of inlet parts for injecting a plurality of fluids respectively; a concentration gradient minute channel connected to the plurality of inlet parts for continuously diluting the concentration of the fluid; a cell culture chamber connected to the concentration gradient minute channel for culturing a cell; a cell injection part formed on the cell culture chamber for injecting the cell; and a discharge part connected to the cell culture chamber. The minute fluid cell chip has the separate cell injection part in addition to the inlet parts and the discharge part, thus improving the capability of injecting and culturing the cell.


This paper deals with innovative multi-function battery controller with seamless transition between controllers for future MEA platforms. The battery controller performs different functions i.e. providing DC power, maintaining DC bus voltage, controlling battery voltage and battery current for charging and discharging process purposes. Due to its superiority and simplicity of implementation, the constant current-constant voltage technique is chosen for battery charging. Furthermore, the study provides a detailed analysis of the proposed approach and control challenges then proposes the corresponding solutions. The PI controller is adopted for all controllers and it was designed to provide a robust control system behaviour. Therefore, the battery terminal voltage and charging current are efficiently limited by the corresponding battery controllers. A robust Energy Management Strategy (EMS) to supervise the charging and discharging process is presented as well. The proposed controller can be suitable for different battery types where only the value of reference voltage and current limit are specific for each battery type. The controller is tested in simulation environment and the results confirm its effectiveness.


According to the video supervision sequence,in which the background is relatively still and the objects to be detected are pedestrians,an algorithm of moving target extraction based on connectivity detection is proposed. By this method,which combines morphology filtering with connectivity detection,the noise and interference of the binary image can be removed. The object regions are expressed with region area,and according to the bounding rectangle features of pedestrians,the algorithm can identify the target from several object regions and calibrate the target location by gravity coordinate. Experimental result shows that this algorithm can extract targets from video supervision sequence effectively and simply and can be applied to real-time hardware system.


More than a half of new cancer cases affects elderly people. The number of patients in that group is constantly raising. Geriatric patients with cancer are very ununiform group with their biological age, comorbidities and conditions. The risk of the treatment's toxicity in that group is increased due to loss of organ reserves. Based not only on metrical age or performance status but using precise assessment aids with choosing proper treatment this lowers the complication rate. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional tool that helps assess elderly patients including daily living, physical status, cognitive functions, depression, nutrition and comorbidities. The following describes utility of CGA in 77-year-old male with colon cancer being qualified for palliative chemotherapy.


The European industry needs to keep competitive advantage by addressing the needs for Industry 4.0 and be prepared for 5.0.Already finalized European project Delphi4LED proposed new methods and standards to generate a first of a kind multi-domain LED digital twins. Compared to traditional approach, the newly developed LED digital models contributes to reduce the design phase thanks to faster computation at equivalent accuracy.AI-TWILIGHT will generate prescriptive digital twins for the lighting industry. The project is addressing multiple application area: automotive, horticulture, streetlighting, general lighting. The ambition is to cover a large part of the lifecycle of a LED-based system (including the electronic driver): from product design flow to infrastructure development and maintenance.The key technical and exploitation objectives of the AITWILIGHT consortium are:•To create digital twins of LED light-sources and electronics (driver)•To create self-learning models using Artificial intelligence (AI) and analytics techniques•To facilitate the implementation of the digital twins in digitalized design flow (for Solid State Lighting SSL product design) and facilitate their applications upstream, up to digital twins of lighting systems of large infrastructures (e.g. for building design).•To implement the AI-TWILIGHT methods, models and tools within consortium partners to harvest its benefitsAI-TWILIGHT LED application design flows will be combined with the CPS/IoT approaches and reliability aspects, supported by AI techniques. A self-learning digital twin will be result of the project.


In order to assess the track irregularity of maglev lines,an analysis was made of the practical data of track-inspection acceleration signals of a high-speed maglev train,which indicates that the longitudinal vibration acceleration signal of the train guidance system is most sensitive to the long-wave irregularity of the maglev line.Hilbert-Huang transform is used to extract the intrinsic mode functions(IMFs) of the long-wave frequencies of the acceleration signals to obtain the instantaneous amplitude(envelope) and instantaneous frequency and then extract the long-wave irregularity signals.The proposed method was applied to analyze the practical data of a maglev train moving at a speed of 430 km/h,and the obtained long-wave irregularity signals of the maglev line agree with the ground survey results well.


VISCIDITY AS A SEED-DISTRIBUTOR.-On a recent slhort botanical excursion with a thirteenl year old soni, he called my attention to a bunch of dried sterns of Cerastiumn nutans whiclh bv his pocket lns he lhad discovered to be "covered witlh small lice sticking to the glands." These proved to be seeds, wlichl, adherinig in this way to the sticky stems, were tlhus blowu to long distances, and widely distributed! We lave lhad suggestions that viscid glanids are for the purpose of aI)solrbing niitrogenous matter -for obstructing the advance of uInwelcoine guests,-possibly for sorne otlher purposes,-but I have never lhearrd of the seed-distributioin. We know that when a dead cat is placed at the root of a grape vinie, the planlt is often invigorated thereby, but we do not believe that cats were especially designed for grape vine r'oots, or the roots especially adapted for feeding on (lead cats, tlhough indirectly this may be so, and I fancy mucli of wlhat we hear abouit ",arrangements" in plant structure or behavior, amiiounts to but little more. Still it is always a gain to kniow the fact, whatever it may be, lheince I send you this note --T. MEEIIAN.


The authors developed a method for testing the reliability of models that predict retrofit energy savings, including their associated calibration methods. The test suite applies the new Building Energy Simulation Test for Existing Homes (BESTEST-EX) Methodology, developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in consultation with home energy retrofit industry software developers. BESTEST-EX includes building physics test cases with fully known inputs, and calibrated energy savings test cases with specified base-case monthly utility billing data and uncertainty ranges for selected inputs. The test cases apply a variety of retrofit scenarios in a heating and a cooling climate.


The past half-century has seen a remarkable inversion of the expectations that Joseph Schumpeter expressed in his Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. Rather than capitalism leading inevitably to socialism, as he predicted, socialism has inexorably given way to capitalism. Meanwhile, capitalism and democracy--which he believed to be strongly at odds--have found a way of coexisting, indeed, of reinforcing one another. The reasons for these dramatic reversals of Schumpeter's expectations can be found in two developments: first, the changing character of the industrialization process driven by modern natural science; and second, a growing consensus concerning the legitimacy of liberal democracy in an autonomous realm of politics. Despite socialism's current poor reputation, it is clear in retrospect that it formed a perfectly viable economic alternative to capitalism in the early phases of industrialization. The Soviet Union's GNP grew at a rate of 4.4 to 6.6 percent per year between 1928 and 1955--a remarkable figure given the havoc and destruction wreaked first by Stalin's forced collectivization and then by World War II---and at a rate half again as fast as the United States in the two decades from 1955 to 1975.1 These figures may have to be revised once the many hidden costs of Sovietstyle industrialization are taken into account, such as environmental damage and intangible but seriously deleterious effects on the work ethic.


This study demonstrates that the fish pathogenicAphanomyces piscicida (=A.invadans) possesses hemagglutinating and hemolytic activities. These activities were observed against goldfish erythrocytes using supernatant of the homogenized hyphae ofA. piscicida. The hemagglutinating activity was not inactivated by heat treatment at 60°C for 30 min or by the addition of EDTA. D-galactose or lactose inhibited the hemagglutinating activity. D-galactose-binding substances which were isolated by affinity chromatography showed hemagglutinating activity. On the other hand, heat treatment at 60°C for 30 min reduced the hemolytic activity. It was demonstrated that a sample that did not absorb to D-galactose in affinity chromatography was responsible for the hemolysis. The factors that have hemagglutinating and hemolytic capacities may affect the blood cells of infected fishin vivo, and may play a role in the occurrence of anemia in infected fish.


Detonating network,as the key and final step of blasting system,plays a very important role in the whole blasting process.The detonating network has many forms and its design shall conform the requirements of practical use and economy ,taking into consideration the objective of project and the conventions of construction.During the Jilintai Project construction,a spark detonation was used in state of the triggering pen,and the determination of the route for the ignition person withdrawal and of the length of fuse was mandated at the time the practical blasting was designed.If several blasts had to be initiated,uni-fied control and command were absolutely required.Major blasting projects were inspected for reliability,and some associated measures had to be taken for security,for example double detonator line,crossing lapping line,double type network,double direction network,etc.


Platinum-group metals have emerged as promising alternatives to replace Cu in scaled interconnects. Here, we present a short-loop test vehicle to fabricate metal nanowires with sub-100 nm2 cross-section area without the need for multiple patterning or CMP. Ru nanowires with 58 nm2 cross-section area, as determined by the TCR method, were realized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy and electrical measurements. The nanowires demonstrate low resistivity (27 µΩcm) and very high current carrying capacity with fusing currents as high as 720 MA/cm2.


Abstract The biases of various rain retrieval algorithms for a spaceborne rain radar due to nonuniformity of rain are studied using simple models and an actual time sequence of rainfall rate. A conventional rain retrieval algorithm in which measured radar reflectivity factors are simply converted to rainfall rates always overestimates the rainfall rate, but the bias is moderate. The surface reference method, which is one of the algorithms using rain attenuation, always underestimates the rainfall rate. The bias is larger for larger rain depth and has a possibility to give a significant error in estimating mean rainfall rate. The dual-frequency method, which is another algorithm using rain attenuation, has a bias that depends on the rain depth and the distance between two range gates where rain attenuation is estimated and shows large variations from overestimation to underestimation. The biases are also studied using actual rainfall rates.


The mediating dispute function of the criminal law sometimes cannot be fully operated because of the affection of criminal customary laws in autonomous ethnic regions.Therefore,it is wise and beneficial to transform the penal legislation so as to make it effectively implemented in autonomous ethnic regions.Each legislature in autonomous ethnic regions should gradually and selectively make some criminal law's clauses legislatively transformed.But,it should be based on such principles as a legally prescribed crime and punishment and selectively adopt the penal customary laws.


A part of income which is non disposable is saved. Saving and investment are related with each other. So, Income generation is an important thing in developing countries like India. For generating income creation of employment opportunities and self employment is very important. Hence, role of micro f inance to provide loans for starting new business or small business cannot be neglected. It is seen that most of the people who borrow loans are from unorganized sector. Financial inclusion through Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) would be instrumental to bring economic change in the society. MUDRA is 'Micro Unit Development and Ref inance Agency'. This yojana is a reform measure taken by the Government of India to boost up the f inancial condition of micro small and medium enterprises (MSME).The f inancial initiative taken in the form of MUDRA scheme will facilitate the micro units and will be able to provide credits and funds to develop their small businesses. However, initial stages showed signif icant interest but slowed with years. The paper throws light on performance of Scheme in India and also brings out the comparative performance of the Mudra Yojana in West Bengal with the other states like Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Odisha and Uttarakhand for a period of four years from 2015-16 to 2018-19. The analysis of different categories of schemes is done through trend forecasting. The analysis concludes that people are getting encouraged to develop entrepreneurship by taking initiative to start their own work. It reveals that performance of MUDRA yojana is successful under Kishor and Tarun Categories whereas Shishu category has fallen.


We measured the visible luminescence, under various conditions, of two different silica based superstructure films mounted on a silica substrate. One superstructure film was made up of alternate nanometer layers of Ge:SiO 2 , Ti:SiO 2 and Sn:SiO 2 and the other of Ge:SiO 2 , Ti:SiO 2 and Zr:SiO 2 . We used UV irradiation (wavelength: 254 nm) to cause the luminescence. The luminescent color changed depending on the doping material. The luminescent intensity increased as samples were cooled from room temperature to −196 °C, and luminescence disappeared in samples heated to 150 °C. Further investigation of the silica based superstructure film will likely lead to a new optical material.


The contents of pidotimod injection were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)with Sperisorb C_8(10μm,4.6×20mm)column, phosphate buffer(3.3g sodium dihydrogen phosphate to 2000mL water)as mobile phase at 210nm.The linear range is 50.4—453.6μg/mL(r=0.9998) with the recovery of 99.5% and RSD of 1.2%.The method is reliable,accurate,rapid and very suitable for the determination of pidotimod injection.


The term "Roman ruler cult" has come to designate the various manifestations over multiple centuries in disparate contexts (both public and private) of the worship of the Roman emperor, as well as his predecessors and members of his family.

Keywords:

religious history;
Roman history


The physics of ohmic contact formation for nickel stanogermanide [ Ni(Ge1-xSnx)] on n-type germanium-tin (n-Ge1-xSnx) was investigated. Low-resistivity Ni(Ge1-xSnx) was formed on Ge1-xSnx using a 350 °C 30-s anneal. Ion implantation of selenium (Se) or sulfur (S) into n-Ge1-xSnx followed by nickel stanogermanidation led to the segregation of Se or S at the Ni(Ge1-xSnx)/n-Ge1-xSnx interface. Low effective electron Schottky barrier height (ΦBn) of 0.12 and 0.11 eV was achieved for Ni(Ge1-xSnx)/n-Ge1-xSnx contacts with Se and S segregation, respectively. A simulation study was also performed to explain the experimental observations. Se and S atoms could be modeled as donor-like traps near the Ni(Ge1-xSnx)/n-Ge1-xSnx interface, modifying the potential profile near the contact and giving rise to trap-assisted tunneling to increase the reverse leakage current for ohmic contact formation.


The development of more efficient, safer, and more environmentally friendly chemical technologies is a major need of humanity. This is in particular true today, when a relevant change in perspective is approaching. A significant decrease in the use of fossil raw materials and a definite increase of the use of renewable raw materials are expected and desired. Acid-base interactions are, together with redox exchanges, the most prevalent phenomenon in all fields of chemistry. Accordingly, bases and acids are among the most important industrial chemical products.1,2 They find widespread application not only in the chemical industry itself,3 such as, e.g., hydrocarbon chemistry,4 all fields of industrial organic chemistry,5,6 and industrial inorganic chemistry (including metallurgy, semiconductor technology, ceramurgy, fertilizer technology),7 but also for energy production processes and even for domestic applications. As reviewed recently by ourselves,8 basic compounds find relevant application in processes aimed at reducing the environmental impact of chemical plants and energy production facilities. On the other hand, both acids and bases may themselves behave as pollutants when dispersed in the environment and/ or incorrectly discarded.


The invention relates to a resourcable volatile organic tail gas treating method. According to the method, tail gas containing VOCs enters into a gas-liquid separator at first; then a separated gas phase enters into a spray chamber through the output end of a fan for treatment; gas without pollutants is discharged into an adsorption chamber from the top of the spray chamber for further purification and is then discharged into the atmosphere; a spraying agent rich solution is discharged from the bottom of the spray chamber and enters into a separation chamber after heat exchange in a heat exchanger; an organic pollutant mixed gas phase is emitted from the top of the separation chamber, carries a part of a spraying agent for condensation when passing through a condenser and then returns to the separation chamber, and the rest uncondensed gas phase is condensed by a deep freezer and then recovered to a pollutant storage tank; a vacuum adjusting system is arranged behind the deep freezer; the low part of the separation chamber is connected with a heating pot; a spraying agent lean solution obtained after thermal separation is conveyed by a pump to the spray chamber for cyclic usage after cooled by the heat exchanger. The treating method has wide applicability and can be used to treat high-low concentration VOCs tail gas in places with different pollution degrees; and a skid-mounted structure of an apparatus can be moved according to needs at a pollution site.


We describe simulations of the XMM EPIC instruments which suggests the correct operating mode must be chosen to ensure that spectral analysis of the data is not compromised by 'pile-up' effects. We contrast the performance with the AXAF CCD imaging spectrometer, and show that the XMM EPIC instruments will access a larger range of source fluxes due to a combination of higher effective area and better over- sampling of its mirror response function. Targets exceeding a flux of a few 10-12 ergs cm-2s-1 will be compromised for spectral analysis in AXAF. For XMM, the corresponding flux levels will be 10-11 ergs cm-11 ergs cm-2s-1. This feature warrants careful attention in calibration.


The electromagnetic field representation of the nuclear electromagnetic interaction is developed, by extending previous work on the nuclear current (one-photon amplitude) to the nuclear Compton amplitude. The resulting form of the Compton amplitude is gauge invariant and, in transverse gauge, manifests the low-energy theorems for the 0/sup +/..-->..0/sup +/ case, which is discussed in detail. Deuteron forward photodisintegration is also studied numerically, and it is shown that the generalized Siegert form of the retarded electric dipole interaction efficiently incorporates pion-exchange currents implicitly, while large explicit forms of these currents are needed in the standard representation of the interaction. Gauge invariance and Reiss's strong-field momentum-translation approximation are also discussed.


The analysis of crystal structure of inclusion compound of cedrol and o-cresol shows it belongs to monoclinic system with a space group P21, a=0. 5598(1) nm, b= 1. 8882(1) nm, c = 0.8983(3) nm, β=104.78(1)°, V=0. 98297(36) nm3, Z=2 and R=0. 0662. It has been found that the inclusion compound is composed of cedrol and o-cresol with a molar ratio of 1:1. In the crystalline , the molecules of o-cresol pack in the layers were formed by the cedrol molecules in a good order, and form intercalate inclusion compound. The O(1)-- O(2) value between the hydroxyls of cedrol and o-cresol is 0. 2705(11) nm. While crystal data of cedrol are as follows, orthorhombic, space group P22121, a=1. 1282(4) nm, 6=1.5656(3) nm, c= 1.5927(4) nm, V=2. 61362 ( 136) nm3, Z=8 and R=0. 0852. The O(1)--O(2) value between the hydroxyls of cedrol is 0. 2795(19) nm. The hydrogen bonding of intercalate inclusion compound in crystalline is 0. 0090 nm shorter than that of cedrol, it shows that hydrogen bonding seems to be important in the formation of stable intercalate inclusion compound.


Ni-C nanocomposite films were successfully grown on quartz and glass substrates by co-sputtering technique. The thin films were deposited in argon plasma at room temperature in different deposition times from 20 to 600s. Prepared thin films were annealed in air at different temperatures (from 373 to 1273 K) for 2h. Films were characterized by using Ultraviolet Visible spectrophotometry. In this study, we found that the optical properties of thin films were strongly influenced by both the deposition time and annealing temperatures [1, 2, 3]. Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) pikes (Fig.1), were observed in the Ni-C composite films due to the formation of nanometer size Ni particles in the matrix [4]. The average radius of Ni clusters (Fig.2), the optical energy gap, Refractive index, the extinction coefficient and optical conductivity of thin films have been also studied [5]. References [1] M.M.Abbas , A.Ab-M.Sheheb , A-K. AL-Samuraee , and N-A. Hassan, Energy Procedia 6 (2011) 241-250. [2] U.Pal , J.Garcia-Serrano , G.Casarrubias-Segura , N.Koshizaki , T.Sasaki , S. Terahuchi , Solar Energy Materials & Solar cells 81 (2004) 339 348. [3] T.Ghodselahi , M.A.Vesaghi and A.Shafiekhani , J. phys. D:Appl.phys.42 (2009) 015308. 6pp. [4] D.Kabiraj , S.R. Abhilash , Lionel Vanmarcke , Nicolas Cinausero , J.C.Pivin , D.K. Avasthi , Nuclear Instrument and Methods in physics Research B 244 (2006) 100 104. [5] G.B. Sakr , I.S. Yahia , M.Fadel ,S.S Fouad , N. Romcevic , Journal of Alloys and Compounds 507 (2010) 557 562.


Since Inpres No.3 of 2003 about policies and strategies for e-Government development, the Government institution was required to be able to take advantage of the progress of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in order to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, transparency and accountability of government. The process of transformation towards e-Government was an effort to develop electronic-based government so as to optimize the utilization of ICT in general. Unfortunately, the e-Government developed merely indicate compliance with this policy, because without the quality. Various surveys had shown that Indonesia was still far behind in terms of adoption of e-Government (UNDESA, 2012). This plus the fact that most of the e-Government projects in developing countries, including Indonesia, where the failure rate of failure to achieve up to 85% while the success rate was only 15% (Heeks, 2003). However, there is no doubt there are some areas that successfully implement e-government initiatives. In this study, the authors aimed want to explore what factors determine the success of the implementation of e-Government. The study is descriptive in which the method used is a literature study related to success factors of e-Government implementation. From the results of the validation test based on expert opinion, obtained 15 success factors that must be accommodated to ensure the successful implementation of e-Government. Inter-rater reliability had also been tested with Cohen's Kappa and the approach showed satisfactory results (<0.60).


People are always pursuing the minimum risk while seeking for maximum profit when investing, so they often use a variety of different strategies or portfolios to reduce investment risk. Among these, hedge funds are the most common type of portfolio used by fund managers. By using different strategies to buy different stock portfolios, hedge funds can effectively hedge the risk of a single stock or fund, so as to minimize the risk. However, hedge funds contain many different strategies and not all the strategies can process effectively in the market. We must analyze the market and pick up the most suitable strategy. In this case, this article will discuss the effect of their actual operation in the market based on these strategies. The article will analyze five different hedge fund strategies, including three trades that are relatively successful and two trades which are relatively not so successful. Then the article will deeply analyze the reason why the strategy can fit the market or why did it fail the market. During the analysis, some strategies are suitable for the market while the other are not.


ABSTRACT Aim: This study was undertaken in order to determine the effect of land-use intensification on occurrence, distribution, and diversity of Trichoderma fungus. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Distribution of Study: Mycology Laboratory, University of Nairobi between March and September, 2014. Methodology: Soil samples were collected from both Mwala and Kauti irrigation blocks in Kabaa irrigation scheme of Machakos County, in Kenya under three land use types (LUTs): intensively cultivated farmlands under irrigation, rainfed intensively cultivated farmlands and undisturbed lands. A total of 100 soil samples were obtained from the top 0- 20 cm depth. Trichoderma species were isolated using the dilution plate technique using Trichoderma-selective media (TSM). Results: A total of 369 Trichoderma isolates were recovered from the three LUTs. These were identified and classified into eleven species. The species identified were: T. harzianum, T. koningii, Original Research Article


In their third observing run, the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA gravitational-wave (GW) observatory was sensitive to binary black hole (BBH) mergers out to redshifts $z_\mathrm{merge}\approx1$. Because GWs are inefficient at shrinking the binary orbit, some of these BBH systems likely experienced long delay times $\tau$ between the formation of their progenitor stars at $z_\mathrm{form}$ and their GW merger at $z_\mathrm{merge}$. In fact, the distribution of delay times predicted by isolated binary evolution resembles a power law $p(\tau)\propto\tau^{\alpha_\tau}$ with slope $-1\lesssim\alpha_\tau\lesssim-0.35$ and a minimum delay time of $\tau_\mathrm{min}=10$ Myr. We use these predicted delay time distributions to infer the formation redshifts of the $\sim70$ BBH events reported in the third GW transient catalog GWTC-3 and the formation rate of BBH progenitors. For our default $\alpha_\tau=-1$ delay time distribution, we find that GWTC-3 contains at least one system (with 90\% credibility) that formed earlier than $z_\mathrm{form}>4.4$. Comparing our inferred BBH progenitor formation rate to the star formation rate (SFR), we find that at $z_\mathrm{form}=4$, the number of BBH progenitor systems formed per stellar mass was $6.4^{+9.4}_{-5.5}\times10^{-6}\,M_\odot^{-1}$ and this yield dropped to $0.134^{+1.6}_{-0.127}\times10^{-6}\,M_\odot^{-1}$ by $z_\mathrm{form}=0$. We discuss implications of this measurement for the cosmic metallicity evolution, finding that for typical assumptions about the metallicity-dependence of the BBH yield, the average metallicity at $z_\mathrm{form}=4$ was $\langle\log_{10}(Z/Z_\odot)\rangle=-0.3^{+0.3}_{-0.4}$, although the inferred metallicity can vary by a factor of $\approx3$ for different assumptions about the BBH yield. Our results highlight the promise of current GW observatories to probe high-redshift star formation.


Despite the recent improvement in colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment, it still has a poor prognosis with a low survival rate. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms have proved to play a substantial role in CRC tumorigenesis and progression. According to Gene Ontology and TargetScan analyses, the B‐Raf proto‐oncogene (BRAF) gene is one of the microRNA‐17 (miR‐17) targets. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of B‐Raf protein and BRAF/microRNA‐17 (MIR‐17) gene expression signature in CRC archived samples.


New Period China's socialist modernization Construction has made remarkable achievements.However,we should also see the development of our country still faces a series of challenges.These are not only the challenge of socialism with Chinese characteristics but also the challenge of college students.College students are China's builders and successors,the hope of the nation,the motherland's future,and shoulder the great trust of the people,the historical responsibility.However,the current due to many factors,students tend to highlight the lack of social responsibility.Therefore,universities should attach great importance to cultivate the sense of social responsibility.By education and practice enable students to recognize their historical mission.They established the state and the aspirations of national struggle and strive to grow the party and the people have contributed to the talent.


Objective To retrospectively analyze clinical outcomes of brain metastases treated with Cyberknffe. Methods From Aug. 2006 to Aug. 2007, 40 patients with brain metastases treated with Cy-berknife in Tianjin Cancer Hospital were included. Totally 68 brain metastatic lesions were treated. The maximal diameter was 0.4 -7.5 cm (average 1.9 cm). The primary tumor of 35 patients was partial re-ponse or stable to the previous treatment at the diagnosis of brain metastasis. The geometric center of target volume was set as the isocenter and the nominal standard dose point. More than 95% target volume was cov-ered by 80% isodose surface. Hypofractionated radiation was 18 -36 Gy given in 1 -5 fractions of 5 -25 Gy. Results The Follow-up rate was 95%. The clinical symptom remission rate (including complete and partial remission) at one week after Cyberknife treatment was 90% (36/40). The therapeutic effective rate (CR + PR + SD) was 94% (64/68) after three months follow-up, which was evaluated by contrast-en-hanced CT or MRI. The 3-month local control and 1-year survival rates were 78% (53/68) and 68% (27/40). New brain metastatic lesions outside the radiation field occurred in 14 patients within 3 months, which was independent of age, whole brain irradiation, number or maximal diameter of original lesions, frac-tion dose, frequency or total dose of Cyberknife treatment. Conclusions Cyberknife, used as the primary treatment of brain metastases, can achieve good clinical outcomes.

Key words:
Neoplasm metastasis,brain/radiotherapy;  Cyberknife;  Treatment outcome


Now that patients with heart failure at The University of Kansas Hospital interact with pharmacists at admission, transfer, and discharge, the 30-day readmission rate for this patient population has dropped, said assistant director Samaneh T. Wilkinson.

Samaneh T. Wilkinson

![Figure][1]


Eukaryotic ribosome biogenesis requires a large number (more than 200) assembly factors, one of which is Rlp7. This article shows that Rlp7 binding to pre-rRNA induces conformational changes in ITS2 that may regulate pre-rRNA processing. These findings do not support the hypothesis that Rlp7 serves as a placeholder for ribosomal protein L7.


composition of liquid phase (hydrolysate) was mainly xylose (7.3 %), xylooligosacharides (7.4 %), acetyl groups (2.1 %), acetic acid (2.6 %), hydroxymethylfurfural (0.3 %) and furfural (1.4 %), expressed as g of compound/100 of raw material dry basis. The solid fraction and hydrolysate (whole-slurry) were used as substrate in the optimization of enzymatic saccharification using an experimental Box-Behnken design. The studied variables were: Liquid to Solid Ratio (LSR, g/g), Cellulose to Substrate Ratio (CSR, FPU/g) and Hemicellulose to Substrate Ratio (HSR, UI/g). The operational conditions of experimental plan work are listed in Table 1. S. cerevisiae PE-2 isolated from Brazilian bioethanol production plant was incubated at 30 oC in an orbital shaker for 24 h. The biomass was recovered and added to SSF experiment. The SSF assay was carried out at 35oC and 150 rpm. Samples from enzymatic saccharification and SSF were collected and analysed by HPLC.


Objective  We have previously reported that NovaSure® was more effective than balloon ablation at 12 months follow up in the treatment of menorrhagia. In this paper, we report the 5‐year outcome of this study. The objective was to evaluate amenorrhoea rates, hysterectomy rate, and quality of life associated with the bipolar impedance‐controlled endometrial ablation technique (NovaSure) in comparison with balloon ablation technique (ThermaChoice®) at 5 years after administration.


The horizontal scraper in the sector 37 straight section of the Advanced Photon Source storage ring serves as a diagnostic to probe both the edge of the beam as well as the physical aperture when the store is lost. Initially, the scraper was meant only to be a diagnostic; high-density, short-radiation-length material used in the device was intended to stop halo, not the full beam. Damage to this device was recently discovered, and as a result, we began an effort to model and improve the scraper. Modeling with elegant provides loss distributions for several scenarios such as muting one or both rf systems in combination with firing injection kickers. The loss distributions are used as input to a MARS model of the scraper. Beam dumps from 100 mA dissipate a total of 2600 J. Most of this energy is not deposited locally; however, depending on the geometry and physical make-up, sufficient power density exists to damage the device on beam-facing surfaces. Testing is currently planned to examine the suitability of different beamfacing materials. Because of non-local energy deposition, we are evaluating the secondary role for this scraper as a spoiler rather than a beam dump. INITIAL DAMAGE AND TESTING During the Spring 2011 APS shutdown, damage to the sector 37 (S37) scraper was observed, and the device was removed from the storage ring (SR). A photograph of the damaged region is presented in Figure 1; the view is looking downstream. The thickness of the W is 2.54 cm. The Figure 1: S37 scraper after removal from the SR in April 2011. View is looking downstream. S37 scraper shown in Fig. 1 had been in use for seven years. The scraper was rebuilt using the same geometery and materials with the intention of employing the device only for ∗Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under contract number DE-AC02-06CH11357. † firstname.lastname@example.com diagnostics and collimation while a new design was considered. The rebuilt scaper was reinstalled in the SR in January 2012. Because of installation issues, the device was not used until the final day of the Spring 2012 run when beam dump studies were carried out. After shutdown the device was removed from the SR. During the study, beam was purposely dumped on the scraper using both 24-bunch and hybrid fill patterns. An image of the tungsten region damaged by 24-bunch beam dumps is presented in Figure 2. Figure 2: Tungsten region of the rebuilt S37 scraper after removal from the SR in May 2012. Beam motion: left to right.


Abstract CO 2 fixation by CUSCUTA EPITHYMUM. — Seedlings of Cuscuta epithymum or filaments detached from the host (Trifolium repens) fix carbon dioxide by mechanism(s) which are, though to a different extent, stimulated by light. Chromatographic analysis of plant extracts that have assimilated C14O2 indicates that, in all cases, the radioactivity is detectable in the areas corresponding to the organic acids and the acidic amino acids. No labelling was associated in appreciable amounts with 3-pho-sphoglycerate and the mono- and diphosphate esters of hexoses and pentoses. Such results are substantiated by the finding that cell-free extracts of seedlings and filaments fix carbon dioxide by carboxylating phosphoenolpyruvic acid. It is concluded that, under the experimental conditions, malic enzyme, pyruvate carboxylase and ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase have little, if any, significance in the fixation of carbon dioxide by the tested species of Cuscuta.


Sparsity, as an intrinsic property of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has been widely employed for hardware acceleration, and many customized accelerators tailored for sparse weights or activations have been proposed in these years. However, the irregular sparse patterns introduced by both weights and activations are much more challenging for efficient computation. For example, due to the issues of access contention, workload imbalance, and tile fragmentation, the state-of-the-art sparse accelerator SCNN fails to fully leverage the benefits of sparsity, leading to nonoptimal results for both speedup and energy efficiency. In this article, we propose an efficient sparse CNN accelerator for both weights and activations, namely fine-grained systolic accelerator (FSA), which jointly optimizes both hardware dataflow and software partitioning and scheduling strategy. Specifically, to deal with the access contentions problem, we present a fine-grained systolic dataflow, in which the activations move rhythmically along the horizontal processing element array while the weights are fed into the array in a fine-grained order. We then propose a hybrid network partitioning strategy that sets different partitioning strategies for different layers to balance the workload and alleviate the fragmentation problem caused by both sparse weights and activations. Finally, we present a scheduling search strategy to find the optimized schedules for neural networks, which can further improve energy efficiency. Extensive evaluations show that the proposed FSA consistently outperforms SCNN over AlexNet, VGGNet, GoogLeNet, and ResNet with an average speedup of $1.74\times $ and up to $13.86\times $ energy efficiency.


It is now widely acknowledged that traditional wavelets are not very effective in dealing with multidimensional signals containing distributed discontinuities. Nonsubsampled Shearlet Transform is a new discrete multiscale directional representation, which combines the power of multiscale methods with a unique ability to capture the geometry of multidimensional data and is optimally efficient in representing images containing edges. In this work, coefficients with greater Modified-spatial frequency are selected to combine images when high-frequency and low-frequency Shearlet subbands of source images are compared. Experiments demonstrate that the method based on nonsubsampled shearlet transform and modified-spatial frequency is very competitive and better than other multi-scale geometric analysis tools in multifocus image fusion both in terms of objectives performance and objective criteria.


Burns produced on the pig by the carbon arc sotirce alone and modified by two filters one eliminating all wavelengths below 33li-0 A, the other below 617O K at expos-ore times of 0.5* 1.0, 2,0 and k.O sec. were graded by surface appearance in the following manner. 1+ bums are erythematous lesions, 2+ bums show in the mildest form small spots of whiteness scattered over a red background. As the severity increases the spots become confltient. 'When an area of one cm^ appears completely white, the laboratory grade of a 3+ b\im is reached. ity was fxirther divided into mild, moderate and severe subgroups. The bums were also evaluated histologically by depth of damage. a b surface appearance the grades A is serve as a guide the depth of dam age which will be foxmd in a given bxirn when graded by its stirface appear ance for exposure times of 0.5 to k^O sec.


Received ; accepted – 2 – ABSTRACT A key ingredient in understanding the dynamics of stellar outflows is their proper motion. We have used optical images in the [SII] emission at 6717/31Å and the red Digitized Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (DSS) plates to determine the proper motion of HH 7-11 system and the optical knot of Cep E (HH 377). The DSS plate measurements span nearly 37 years for both HH 7-11 and HH 377 and have wide field of view, which allows an accurate determination of the proper motions despite their relatively low angular resolution. The optical images, with higher angular resolution, cover a shorter period of 7 and 4 years, respectively, and have been used to complement the DSS measurements. From the DSS plates we have found that HH 377 has a proper motion of 0.031 ± 0.003 arcsec/yr with a PA = 206 • , i. e. moving away from IRAS 230111+63, that at a distance of 730 pc corresponds to a tangential velocity of 107 ± 14 km s −1. The values obtained from the optical images are consistent with these measurements. Similarly, the proper motions of HH 7-11 range from 0.015 ± 0.009 (HH 9) to 0.044 ± 0.007 (HH 11) arcsec/yr, and the flow is moving away from SVS 13 with a mean PA∼ 136 •. At a distance of 330 pc, these motions correspond to tangential velocities of ∼ 25 − 70 km s −1 , i. e. comparable to the original values obtained by Herbig & Jones (1983). The measurements from the optical CCD [S II] images are again consistent with these motions, although in detail there are some difference, particularly for HH 7 and HH 10. ISM: kinematics and dynamics — stars: winds and outflows – 3 –


Hanji made of mulberry fibers has the lower printability due to their long fiber length, the diffusible property of ink, and low smoothness. This study was carried out to analyze the physical and optical properties of machine-made Hanji controlled by the different contents of paper mulberry 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%. In this study, the results of comparing machine-made Hanji controlled by the different contents of with commercial paper and inkjet coated paper are as following: Tearing strength of machine-made Hanji is higher than domestic paper and inkjet coated paper. By increasing paper mulberry contents of machine-made Hanji appeared that tensile strength increased and smoothness gradually decreased. Printability of machine-made Hanji is less than domestic paper and inkjet coated paper. However, there were significant possibility to use for printing paper.


The paper developed the model of lightning current firstly,then analyzed its time and frequency domain characteristics.By calculating the indirect voltage induced by typical lighting in power lines of communication vehicle system,it was determined lightning protection zones for communication vehicle system with antenna and corresponded technology factors,such as permitted current magnitude,remnant voltage of SPD(Surge Protective Device),then the circuit and installation of SPD were designed.


OBJECTIVES
To measure the thickness and cellularity of adult human sacral and iliac articular cartilages and the thickness and density of the subchondral bones.

METHODS
The right sacroiliac joints of 15 adult patients were examined post-mortem. HOME (Highly Optimized Microscope Environment) microscopy was used to measure articular cartilage and subchondral bone end-plate thickness. Conventional morphometric techniques were employed to estimate cartilage cellularity and cancellous bone density.

RESULTS
Sacral articular cartilage was thicker than iliac (1.81 vs 0.80 mm, P<0.001). Iliac cartilage cell density in all zones was higher than sacral. The overall mean was 31.19 x 10(-3) vs. 23.23 x 10(-3)/mm(3), P<0.001. Superficial zones contained more cells than middle and deep zones but there were large differences between the cell numbers of the middle and deep zones of both sacral and iliac cartilages. Iliac subchondral bone end-plates were thicker than sacral (0.36 vs 0.23 mm, P<0.001). The thickness of these plates was related inversely to that of the overlying articular cartilages. Iliac subchondral cancellous bone was twice as dense as sacral (22.07 vs. 12.05%, P<0.001), a ratio recognized anteriorly, centrally and posteriorly.

CONCLUSIONS
Adult human sacral cartilage is thick and of low cell density. It rests upon a thin bone end-plate supported by porous, cancellous bone. Iliac cartilage and bone display the converse proportions. The identification of these variables may assist understanding of normal sacroiliac joint function and the interpretation of tissue changes in the spondylarthropathies.


Have you ever been told you have a good voice for radio? Now researchers have discovered the secret behind sounding impressive on the air.


Optimal power flow (OPF) is an important tool used in the planning and operation stages of a power system, wherein a certain objective is optimized subject to specific system constraints. Security constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF) is an advanced OPF formulation wherein security constraints should be satisfied in case of contingencies, in addition to the normal system constraints. Possible contingencies that are likely to occur in the system such as line outages are considered and for vulnerable cases, SCOPF is solved to characterize secure operating conditions for the system. The imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) is a relatively new evolutionary programming technique that has been successfully applied to many optimization problems. To facilitate fast convergence of the solution, teaching learning algorithm (TLA) is incorporated into ICA for improved local search. This paper presents the application of the hybrid ICA-TLA to solve SCOPF problem and arrive at the optimal setting of the control variables, while satisfying the system constraints. The system inequality constraints are handled using the classical penalty function method. The proposed approach is evaluated on IEEE 30 bus system and the results are compared against those obtained in literature. The analysis showcases the effectiveness of hybrid ICA in solving SCOPF problem.


This study has two objectives, namely (1) to explore the level of entrepreneurial thinking among university students in malaysia and nigeria; and (2) to identify the contribution of university environmental elements in malaysia and nigeria in nurturing students entrepreneurial thinking. This study used a quantitative approach. The sample consists of 162 university students from northern state of malaysia and 92 university students from kaduna state of nigeria. The findings shown that both malaysian and nigerian university students have a moderately high level of entrepreneurial thinking, where the mean score of entrepreneurial thinking of malaysian university students was higher than the mean score of entrepreneurial thinking of nigerian students. All dimensions of entrepreneurial thinking, namely opportunity recognition, risk taking, tolerance of ambiguity and creativity and innovation for both countries were at a moderate level with the same mean ranking. Among the five predictors hypothesized to influence entrepreneurial thinking, four predictors, namely, co-curriculum, lecturers, curriculum and support resources contributed to 55.7% of variation in entrepreneurial thinking among university students in malaysia. The highest environmental elements of malaysian university that significantly contribute to student's entrepreneurial thinking were co-curriculum, followed by lecturer curriculum and support resources. innigeria only two predictors, lecturers and co-curriculum contributed to 44.3% of variation in entrepreneurial thinking, where lecturers contributed the highest, followed by co-curriculum. Both countries showed that campus did not give a significant contribution to student's entrepreneurial thinking. The implication of this study showed that both countries need to take entrepreneurial actions in increasing the levels of entrepreneurial thinking among university students the campus for both countries have to be more entrepreneurial to help boosted student entrepreneurial thinking.


Using reference managers within academia has been a major qualitative change in the organization of work of those who use them. The ability to store and manage references in the information search, and the ability to generate bibliographies tailored to existing citation formats allows a better information management, as well as speeding up the process of manuscript preparation.
The aim of this study is to analyze the available tools to manage bibliographies and to establish a comparison.


Over three billion people use rice every day, and it occupies about 12% of the nation's arable land. Since, due to the growing population and the latest climate change projections, it is critical for governments and planners to obtain timely and accurate rice yield estimates. The proposed work develops a rice crop yield forecasting model based on soil nutrients. Soil nutrients and crop production statistics are taken as an input for the proposed method. In ensemble learning, there are three categories, they are Boosting, Bagging and Stacking. In the proposed method, Boosting technique called Adaboost with Convolutional Neural Network is used to achieve the High accuracy by converting weak classifiers to strong classifiers. Adaptive data cleaning and imputation using frequent values are used as pre-processing approaches in the projected technique. A novel technique known as Convolutional neural network with adaptive boosting (Adaboost) technique is projected and can precisely handle more imbalanced datasets. The data weights are initialized; also the initial CNN is trained utilizing original weights of data. The weights of the second CNN are then modified utilizing the first CNN. These actions will be performed sequentially for all weak classifiers. An optimization algorithm called Horse Herd (HOA) is passed down in the proposed technique to find the optimal weights of the links in the classifier. The proposed method attains 95% accuracy, 87% precision, 85% recall, 5% error, 96% specificity, 87% F1-Score, 97% NPV and 12% FNR value.Thus the designed model as predicted the crop yield prediction in the effective manner.


Let G = (X,Y ;E) be a bipartite graph with two vertex partition subsets X and Y . G is said to be balanced if |X| = |Y |. G is said to be bipancyclic if it contains cycles of every even length from 4 to |V (G)|. In this note, we present spectral conditions for the bipancyclic bipartite graphs.


Relation of the Expression of NF-KB in astrocytoma with WHO classificatiom System and Outcome in DR. H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan 2015 Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults of the nervous system and is also a tumor prognosis is poor. GBM is also a type of tumor that most often affects adults. Estimated figures on relative survival for glioblastoma patients is quite low and only about 4.5% of patients survive 5 years after being diagnosed with this tumor. Recent research found the important role nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of cells activated B (NF-κB) in GBM and implies the activation of NF-κB as an important driver of the malignant phenotype that causes poor prognosis for patients with GBM. In cell unstimulated cells, NF-κB is located in the cytoplasm in an inactive state due to the interaction with the inhibitor IκBα. The activation process has been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of tumor and resistance to therapy This study is a cross-sectional analytic approach (cross-sectional) which aims to analyze the relationship between the expression of NF-κB to the WHO grading system and the outcome. When the study began in January 2015 s.d September 2016. The other research is the Department of Neurosurgery H Adam Malik Hospital and laboratory Pathology, Faculty of Medicine University of North Sumatra. From the results of the study, the expression of NF-KB seen in 96% of the study .. There was no significant association between the expression of NF-KB nucleus and cytoplasm with astrocytoma by the WHO classification (p = 0.442 and p = 0.543). There was no relationship antaraekspresi NF-KB nucleus and cytoplasm with the prognosis of patients with astrocytomas (p = 0.378 and p = 0.180). An interesting thing happens when we do an analysis of WHO's relationship with superficial degree. In this study, we assessed the outcome in the form of life or death. We found a significant association between outcomes with degrees WHO. Nonetheless, we did not find the same relationship when assessing the expression of NF-KB relationship with outcomes. Universitas Sumatera Utara


For unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) images, the sensor can not get high quality images due to fog and haze weather. To solve this problem, An improved dehazing algorithm of aerial high-definition image is proposed. Based on the model of dark channel prior, the new algorithm firstly extracts the edges from crude estimated transmission map and expands the extracted edges. Then according to the expended edges, the algorithm sets a threshold value to divide the crude estimated transmission map into different areas and makes different guided filter on the different areas compute the optimized transmission map. The experimental results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed algorithm is substantially the same as the one based on dark channel prior and guided filter. The average computation time of the new algorithm is around 40% of the one as well as the detection ability of UAV image is improved effectively in fog and haze weather.


Frontal crashes are the cause of the majority of deaths and injuries on the roads. In 1995, the Federal Office of Road Safety (FORS) introduced Australian Design Rule (ADR) 69 for full frontal crash protection which sets head, chest and leg injury criteria and which has seen the majority of passenger cars fitted with at least driver's side airbags. Since there are currently no regulations anywhere in the world for offset frontal crashes, FORS has participated in the work of the European Experimental Vehicle Committee (EEVC) to develop a globally harmonized test procedure for offset frontal crash testing. Other participants included the U.S.A., Canada and Japan. This report summarizes the outcomes of Australia's offset frontal crash test program which was considered by EEVC Working Group 11 in drafting the European offset crash test requirements. These test requirements formed the basis of an Australian Design Rule (ADR 73/00) for offset frontal crash protection. Australia's aim is to have a set of frontal crash standards which will result in vehicle designs that protect occupants both in high deceleration head-on crashes as well as "softer" offset crashes which usually result in intrusion based injuries. While serious lower limb injuries are rarely life threatening, they usually result in extremely high societal costs associated with life-long debilitation.


Abstract: In a previous study we noted that the release of d‐[3]aspartate evoked by non‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (non‐NMDA) receptor agonists in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells was enhanced in the absence of extracellular Na+. To explain this apparent paradox, we tried in the present investigation to correlate the effect of Na+ removal on the kainate (KA)‐ and quisqualate (QA)‐induced d‐[3H]aspartate release with that on KA‐ and QA‐induced 45Ca2+ accumulation. The releasing activity of KA, which was only partially Ca2+ dependent in the presence of Na+, became totally Ca2+ dependent in its absence. Moreover, the releasing activity of QA, which was Ca2+ independent in the presence of Na+, became 50% Ca2+ dependent in the absence of the monovalent cation. The releasing action of both agonists was in all cases antagonized by 6‐cyano‐7‐nitroquinoxaline‐2,3‐dione (CNQX), and that induced by KA was also sensitive to kynurenic acid. When glutamate was tested as an agonist in the presence of Na+, it was found that its d‐[3H]aspartate releasing action was Ca2+ independent and was largely due to heteroexchange. The evoked release was Ca2+ independent, scarcely sensitive to CNQX, and insensitive to NMDA antagonists. In Na+‐free medium, the glutamate‐evoked d‐[3H]aspartate release was lower (due to the abolishment of heteroexchange), but was totally Ca2+ dependent and antagonized by CNQX and kynurenate. KA (30 μM–1 mM) stimulated the accumulation of 45Ca2+ in a dose‐dependent and CNQX‐sensitive way, the effect being progressively higher as the Na+ concentration in the medium was decreased. Li+ affected KA‐induced 45Ca2+ accumulation in a way similar to Na+, although 45Ca2+ uptake was somewhat lower in Li+‐containing medium. The voltage‐activated calcium channel antagonists La3+ and (–)‐202‐791 caused only a limited inhibition of the KA‐induced 45Ca2+ influx both in the presence and in the absence of Na+. Under all the conditions tested [presence and absence of Na+ and of (–)‐202‐791], the kainate‐induced 45Ca2+ uptake was scarcely sensitive to the NMDA antagonist 2‐amino‐5‐phosphonovalerate. QA and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazole propionic acid also stimulated 45Ca2+ influx in a CNQX‐sensitive way, the effect being enhanced in Na+‐free media. These agonists were, however, less effective than KA. It is concluded that in cultured cerebellar granule cells the influx of Ca2+ through non‐NMDA receptor channels is inhibited by Na+ and similar monovalent cations, and that the potentiated KA‐ and QA‐induced d‐[3H]aspartate release observed in Na+‐free medium can be accounted for by the increased accumulation of Ca2+ occurring under this condition.


ALTHOUGH SEVERAL CRIMINAL justice theories exist as a roadmap to effective supervision, the Risk, Needs, and Responsivity (RNR) model dominates the scholarly literature. A quick search in the Criminal Justice Abstracts Database reveals 140 peer-reviewed publications referencing the RNR model since 2000. As Andrews and Bonta (2007) note, the RNR model has been used, with increasing success, in North American and around the world. The authors further comment on the robustness of the model, but observe (2007:15) that "The greatest challenge is transferring the RNR model into 'real world' settings." Research on correctional services and the risk principle certainly supports this contention.In a review of 38 correctional programs, researchers found only 1 program that met the criteria for varying programming intensity and duration by risk (Lowenkamp, 2004). Similarly, Lovins (2012) found that 36 out of 134 correctional treatment programs reviewed were varying program duration by risk. Finally, Lowenkamp, Pealer, Smith, and Latessa (2004) found that approximately 33 percent of supervision-based programs in Ohio were targeting high-risk offenders or varying program duration by risk or program intensity by risk. Further, only four programs were meeting all three of these criteria. Echoing Andrews and Bonta (2007), it does seem that translating the RNR model in real-world settings is a challenge and has been quite elusive.A recent attempt to bring the RNR model to probation supervision was presented in a monograph titled Dosage Probation (Center for Effective Public Policy, 2014). This model drew upon the extant research on the RNR model as well as the emerging (but limited) research on dosage. One of the aspects of this model focused on setting correctional service thresholds by risk level. That is, high-risk offenders would receive 300 hours of treatment, which would require longer periods of supervision compared to moderate-risk offenders, who would receive 100 hours of treatment, thereby requiring shorter periods of supervision. This in effect would lead to varying the duration and intensity of services by risk level for offenders placed on supervision. A demonstration project of this model was developed and carried out. The authors of the evaluation found that the model had no effect on offender outcomes; however, the model (either due to complexity or some other reason) was not fully implemented (Lowenkamp, Holsinger, & Bechtel, 2016). Although it may intuitively seem easy, the struggle to properly implement the risk principle lies in the details of implementation and the availability of resources.In the federal probation system, there has been a concerted effort to align supervision practices with the RNR model since 2009. This article examines the systems effectiveness in implementing the Risk Principle. Additionally this paper examines the adoption of a violence assessment and how this can further refine the use of this Risk Principle.History of the Risk Principle in the Federal SystemThe federal probation system has a long history of using various risk prediction assessments. Individual districts used various forms of standardized risk assessment instruments throughout its history. In 1982, the Federal Judicial Center (FJC) collected survey data from across the federal system and learned that over two dozen risk prediction tools were in use (Vance, 2011). Soon after, the FJC created the RPS-80 for the entire federal probation system. The RPS-80 evolved into the RPI, which was the systems main risk assessment through 2010 (Vance, 2011).In 2008, the Administrative Office of the United States Courts (AOUSC) embarked on the creation of a fourth-generation risk assessment instrument for federal probation. In 2010, implementation of the Post Conviction Risk Assessment (PCRA) began. As Vance (2011) recounts, over the course of 18 months, every chief probation officer, supervisory probation officer (over a supervision unit), and federal probation supervision officer was trained in the RNR model. …


This study was designed to investigate the effects of an 8-weeks whole-body vibration training program on developing some physical variables (muscular strength, speed and flexibility) and the skill performance level on the horse jumping (front handspring) for female gymnastics students. The experimental method was used, twenty-four female gymnastics students (ages 19-21 years) were randomized to either the experimental vibration group (n = 12) or control group (n = 12). The vibration intervention consisted of an 8-wk whole-body vibration 3 times a week employed by standing on a vertical vibration platform. As outcom e measures, physical variables tests (muscle strength of the arms, muscle strength of the two men, muscle of the abdomen, muscle strength-to-back, muscular ability of legs the sergeant test: 30 meters speed running in second (sec.) and a sit-and-reach test for flexibility) were performed initially and after 8 wks. Statistical treatment included the arithmetic means, the standard deviation, the T-test and the improvement percentage. The major result was that there are statistically significant differences in the studied physical variables and skillful performance level on the horse jumping (front handspring) for female gymnastics students. In the experimental vibration group whole-body vibration induced significant improvement of physical variables (P < 0.05) and the skill performance level on the horse jumping (front handspring) (P < 0.05) among female gymnastics students after 8 weeks of training. Small or No significant changes were found for all the outcome measures for the control group. Whole-body vibration is a suitable training method to improve some physical variables (muscle strength of the arms, muscle strength of the two men, muscle of the abdomen, muscle strength-to-back, muscular ability of legs, speed and flexibility) and the skill performance level on the horse jumping (front handspring) for female gymnastics students if it is properly designed.


Growing concerns regarding internet privacy has led to the development of enhanced privacy web browsers. The authors conducted a digital forensic examination, to determine the recoverable artefacts of three enhanced privacy web browsers (Dooble, Comodo Dragon and Epic) and three commonly used web browsers in anonymous browsing mode (Chrome, Edge and Firefox). In addition, the authors compared two digital forensic tools (FTK and Autopsy) commonly used by law enforcement to determine differences in recoverable browser artefacts. Results indicated the enhanced privacy browsers performed about the same as the common browsers in anonymous browsing mode. In addition, FTK was the better tool for recovering and viewing browser artefacts for both browser groups. Overall, this study did not produce sufficient evidence to conclude enhanced privacy browsers do indeed provide better privacy.