Most research on the behavior of shape memory alloys (SMAs) under tension–torsion combined loading has focused on tubular materials. In contrast to tubular SMAs, SMA rods have unique characteristics. When an SMA rod is twisted, the central region remains elastic while the outer layer undergoes a martensite transformation. The nonlinear stress distribution of an SMA rod through the radial direction gives the SMA rod peculiarities, and this is the primary factor that makes analysis of the stress–strain behavior difficult. The authors suggest a material model that can represent the stress–strain behavior of an SMA rod under tension–torsion combined loading. The proposed model is based on Brinson's phase transformation kinetics and the plastic flow rules. Furthermore, the yield is assumed to be in accordance with the Von Mises criterion and the effect of thermal expansion is not considered. The authors also present some numerical solutions of the proposed model in the context of isothermal strain and stress processes (proportional and nonproportional loading) in the pseudoelastic region. According to simulation results, the stress–strain behavior of an SMA solid rod under biaxial loading differs from that of a thin-walled tube or a rod under one-dimensional loading.


Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal has been widely used for cardiac diagnostic and pathological analysis. The QRS complex is the most string waveform within the ECG, and it carries large amounts of information. But it is always mixed with various noises, such as power line interference, baseline displacement and electromyography (EMG) noise. These noises bring obstacle to the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. Hence, eliminating these noises is the necessary and important way to analyze ECG signal. In this paper we elaborate a new algorithm based on wavelet transform and adaptive threshold after hundreds of experiments and simulations using MIT-BIH arrhythmia database signals. According to the results, this algorithm can remove noises efficiently with low distortion, so it can also meet the needs of the clinical treatment and pathological research.


has often been compared. Instead, he argues, labor Zionism was simultaneously a project of colonial settlement, national construction, class formation, and, occasionally, class struggle. None of these aspects can be fully understood by excluding the others or by ignoring the effects of the concrete encounter between the Zionist settlers and the indigenous Arabs on the land and in the labor markets of Palestine. The settler-colonial aspect of Zionism undermined the capacity of labor Zionists, even those sincerely seeking to do so, to build links of class solidarity with the emergent Palestinian Arab working class, because, under the slogan of "conquest of labor," the mainstream of labor Zionism was intent on replacing Arab workers with Jewish workers wherever possible. This much is relatively well known, even if Lockman's interpretation of events is not universally accepted. It is only by examining in detail the relations between Jewish and Arab workers at work sites such as the Palestine Railways, the Nesher Cement Company, the ports of Haifa and Jaffa, the stone quarry of Majdal Yaba/Migdal Tzedek, and the British military camps during World War II that Lockman can develop what is most original in this book: the dynamic ebb and flow of cooperation and conflict between Arab and Jewish workers, often against the wishes of both national political leaderships. In this social space beyond the control of nationalist elites, Arab and Jewish working people emerge as historical subjects with agency, rationality, and a distinctive understanding of their interests. They repudiated neither their cultures nor emerging national identities, but they frequently interpreted them in ways quite different from those that nationalist elites believed they should. Many Arab workers came to know that the Histadrut was committed to the "conquest of labor." And the Histadrut leadership knew that there were few credible Arab trade unionists willing to accept the Zionist program of immigration, settlement, and conquest of labor. Nonetheless, rank-and-file Arab and Jewish workers sometimes found that their interests were served by collaborating to improve wages and working conditions. The narrative detail brings to life the interplay of economic pressures, political conjunctures, and talented personalities that made such cooperation possible, even though it was typically sporadic and organizationally unconsolidated. Its narrative style should not lead to the conclusion that Comrades and Enemies is a traditionalist, positivist text. On the contrary, the Introduction and Conclusion in particular, while admirably free of the jargon and neologisms that have come to signal theoretical sophistication, demonstrate that Lockman has absorbed the current syllabus of post-structuralist social theory (and much more, as well). He uses it effectively, carefully, and creatively to define the conceptual contours of the topic and expand the limits of what we may, at this point, hope to know about it. Lockman is reluctant to define Comrades and Enemies as politically engaged scholarship, perhaps due to a not-unreasonable fear that it might then be dismissed as propaganda. I do consider the work to be politically engaged scholarship in the best sense of the term: a work that succeeds in simultaneously upholding the highest intellectual and ethical standards. It is an example of the best kind of work now being done in modern Middle Eastern history and offers a strong argument for the continuing relevance of humanistic and historical scholarship.


An apparatus and / or methods that enable wireless communication use of 60GHz band. A Mount the antenna array on a flexible substrate, the antenna array, the flexible interconnect, it is possible to connect to the integrated circuit such as a radio frequency front end. The antenna array can be mounted in a device housing including a radio frequency interference (RFI) shielding. The antenna array of the housing is positioned adjacent to the area the same line which is not shielded against RFI. .FIELD 4


From January 1992 to January 1993, specimens from bladder tumours of 75 patients were analyzed by cytometry (FCM). Our data show a good correlation between tumour stage and grade, and tumour ploidy. Furthermore, aneuploid tumours showed progression more often than diploid tumours. A larger number of patients admitted to the study and a more prolonged period of follow-up will be necessary to confirm our initial data and to investigate whether a correlation exists between FCM and tumour progression and patient survival.


This is a conceptual paper that discusses and presents a research project concerned with relationships and relationship marketing. The paper shows that the concept of relationship marketing is in the early stages of development, besides the huge amount of books written about the subject. We highlight that the boundaries of relationship marketing are permeable and elastic. Relationship marketing consists of a fragmented sort of different approaches, partly independent partly overlapping, inspired by different theories, with a multitude of aggregation levels and several units of analysis. We clarify the scope of this domain and we present a number of critical issues that remain unresolved. Is the concept of relationship marketing ubiquitous and can it be applied to any context? Are relationships alike whatever the market considered? The paper reviews some approaches and theories that are consider relevant: the IMP approach to business relationships, the Nordic approach to services relationships and the one-to-one approach of database marketing, related with IT and CRM. Finally, we present a research project that questions the legitimacy of this domain extension and the nature of relationships in consumer markets.


Background: The number of diaspora students enrolling in the courses offered in India who is also called as Non Resident Indians when return back to India must be experiencing cultural adaptation difficulty similar to a student enrolling in any foreign country.  Aims: To evaluate the cross cultural adaptation of Non Resident Indian Student on their return for further education. Settings and Design: Online questionnaire in a Cross Sectional study design. Methods and Material: The NRI students with the help of snowball sampling technique were asked to fill the questionnaire consisting of Satisfaction from Life scale and Socio-Cultural Adaptation Scale. A Total of 210 NRI students participated in the present study. Statistical analysis: Descriptive analysis of the data with Annova applied on mean and SD to test the significance between Length of Residence with Life Satisfaction and Social-cultural Skills. Model Summary and Parameter Estimates for the Regression Relationship between Length of Residence with Life Satisfaction and Social-cultural Skills was applied. Results: Among which 84 (40% ) were males and 126 (60%) females with 24.11as mean age of the participants. Social cultural scores are found to be increasing as the length of residency increases in direct proportion.


Advanced diagnosis systems provide doctors with an abundance of high-quality data, which allows for diagnosing dangerous diseases, such as brain cancers. Unfortunately, humans flooded with such plentiful information might overlook tumor symptoms. Hence, diagnostical devices are becoming more commonly combined with software systems, enhancing the decisioning process. This work picks up the subject of designing a neural network based system that allows for automatic brain tumor diagnosis from MRI images and points out important areas. The application intends to speed up the diagnosis and lower the risk of slipping up on a neoplastic lesion. The study based on two types of neural networks, Convolutional Neural Networks and Vision Transformers, aimed to assess the capabilities of the innovative ViT and its possible future evolution compared with well-known CNNs. The research reveals a tumor recognition rate as high as 90% with both architectures, while the Vision Transformer turned out to be easier to train and provided more detailed decision reasoning. The results show that computer-aided diagnosis and ViTs might be a significant part of modern medicine development in IoT and healthcare systems.


given patient. As such, proper patient selection is important. Nevertheless, in the authors' experience, the amount of tissue actually recruited and the mitigations in pinning back and webbing achieved often exceed what is expected on prereconstruction examination and palpation. In our experience, Z-plasties provide a relatively simple and reproducible reconstruction for medium defects and large-sized defects (typical diameter 1.5–4.0 cm) of the posterior ear. The repair both provides excellent aesthetic results because the incisions are well-concealed in the postauricular sulcus and mastoid hairline and minimizes pinning back of the ear and web formation.


After briefly defining participatory budgeting and reviewing its evolution worldwide and Commonwealth expansion over the last three decades, this paper explores the potential it holds for contributing to the achievement of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Its looks especially at how participatory budgeting is contributing to the achievement of SDG 16 and provides some specific recommendations for action, based on innovative practice examples from around the world, highlighting how practice across diverse local authorities could be used to monitor target 16.7 'to ensure responsive, inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels.'


Hundreds of verses of the Quran deal with the spending of money, trade, social class, charity and other forms of economic transactions. While ideals and debates about the role of Islamic economics in the development process abound, this paper presents a case study of the role of Islamic economic practices in the development process in Egypt. Islamic economic practices are diverse and have distinct roles to play in society when aligned with requisite institutions. Based on one year of qualitative fieldwork in Egypt, I discuss the administration and regulation over Islamic economic entities in Egypt and then analyze the role played by Islamic practices of zakat, sadaqa, and el qurd al hassan in poverty alleviation and the project of development. In order for Islamic economic practices to be inclusive and sustainable, these practices need to be coordinated and specific goal must be attached to each form of Islamic economic practice. I discuss each economic practice as it is being executed in Egypt, using specific examples to illustrate the role of institutions in promoting these practices and then suggesting how that practice can be mobilized more effectively and sustainably. Zakat permits financial support of those unable to support themselves, as specified in Surat al Tawba (9:60) regarding the recipients of zakat. More recently, some organizations have begun to allocate zakat towards problems that are associated with the modern era (such as refugees, prisoners, and microfinance debtors). Sadaqa allows more flexibility and thus is geared towards more innovative projects including income-generating projects, small and medium enterprises development, social entrepreneurship, environmental protection, artistic development and cultural organizations. Qard hassan is being developed as part of Islamic microfinance, with some utilizing it as a means of relieving those who defaulting on conventional loans or the formation of takaful reserves that support beneficiaries in crisis.


The association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors is not well understood among adults in India, particularly among those at high risk for diabetes. For this study, we analyzed the data of 1007 participants (age 30–60 years) from baseline and year one and two follow-ups from the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program using multi-level mixed effects modelling. Dietary intake was measured using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Two dietary patterns were identified: a "snack-fruit" pattern (highly loaded with fats and oils, snacks, and fruits) and a "rice-meat-refined wheat" pattern (highly loaded with meat, rice, and refined wheat). The "snack-fruit" pattern was associated with increased triglycerides (mg/dL) (β = 6.76, 95% CI 2.63–10.89), while the "rice-meat-refined wheat" pattern was associated with elevated Hb1Ac (percentage) (β = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01, 0.07) and central obesity (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01, 1.34). These findings may help inform designing dietary interventions for the prevention of diabetes and improving cardiometabolic risk factors in high-diabetes-risk individuals in the Indian setting.


Abstract.
 FAUNAL RECORD AND PALEOENVIRONMENTS OF THE LATE QUATERNARY, LA PAMPA PROVINCE, ARGENTINA. Fossil mammals from the Eastern sector of the Pampean Region (Argentina) provided the basis for the chronological and biostratigraphical continental scheme of the South American late Cenozoic. A new faunal assemblage from the Western area of the region (Santa Rosa, La Pampa Province) is presented along with the analysis of its sedimentary and stratigraphic context, and a paleoenvironmental reconstruction. The mammalian faunal assemblage is the largest and more diverse reported from a single locality in La Pampa province and is composed by Glyptodon clavipes Owen, Doedicurus sp. (Xenarthra, Cingulata), Megatherium americanum Cuvier, Glossotherium robustum (Owen), Scelidotherium sp. (Xenarthra, Folivora), Toxodon sp., (Notoungulata, Toxodontidae), Lama sp. (Artiodactyla, Camelidae), Equus (Amerhippus) sp. and Hippidion sp. (Perissodactyla, Equidae). The fossil bearing levels represent a fluvial-like channel environment that drained the rain water excess towards a nearby topographic depression (Laguna Don Tomás). According to the relative stratigraphic position in the sequence and the correlation with other localities of the region, the fossil bearing levels would have accumulated during the Late Pleistocene. Among taxa recovered at Sitio 1, Glyptodon clavipes, Megatherium americanum and Glossotherium robustum are characteristic species of the Bonaerian and Lujanian Stages-Ages, while Equus (Amerhippus) is an exclusive taxon of the Lujanian. Consequently, this new faunal assemblage is assignable to the Lujanian Stage-Age (Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene). Its presence in the analyzed deposits confirms the chronology proposed from the bearing levels.


This report describes three mobility applications that are intended to use dedicated short range communications (DSRC) wireless communications among and between vehicles and the roadway infrastructure in order to improve mobility on limited-access highways. The applications include: 1) combining ramp metering with variable speed limits; 2) using vehicle to vehicle communications to improve the performance of adaptive cruise control systems and using vehicle to roadside communications to be able to adjust speed and gap settings in order to accommodate local traffic conditions; and, 3) using vehicle to vehicle communications to enable three tractor trailer trucks to drive in a coordinated platoon at short enough gaps such that aerodynamic drag is reduced and the effective lane capacity is increased.


In recent years, improved three-ratio is an effective method for transformer fault diagnosis based on Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA). In this paper, a simple dynamic neural network named as diagonal recurrent neural network (DRNN) is used to resolve the online fault diagnosis problems for oil-filled power transformer based on DGA. Because of the characteristic of improved three-ratio boundary is lack of matching, fuzzy logic in fault diagnosis is presented also to deal with the data of the neural network inputs. DRNN is used to model the fault diagnosis structure, the fuzzy logic is used to improve the faults diagnose reliability. In addition, some cases are used to show the capability of the suggested method in oil-filled power transformers fault diagnosis.


This paper presents a novel microtechnology, magnetic micropallets, for the recovery of single adherent cells from large mixed populations. This work significantly advances the base technology, the micropallet array, which itself is effective for the analysis of adherent cell populations and isolation and selection of individual cells. We greatly im- proved the method of recovery of individual micropallets by incorporating ferromagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles into their structure such that single micropallets can be manipulated and collected magnetically. THEORY Micropallet arrays consist of hundreds of thousands of microscale polymer pedestals on which single adherent cells are held. Micropallets are fabricated from a transparent and biocompatible photopolymer using standard photolitho- graphic techniques. Any micropallet can be released from the glass substrate on demand using a pulsed laser, carrying the adhered cell with it and coming to rest on the array's surface. Collection of released micropallets was previously accomplished using a simple inversion process that caused any released micropallets to fall into an array of collection wells (2). This method has critical drawbacks including the requirement to search the collection wells to locate the re- covered micropallet, the large volume of collection fluid in which the cell is recovered (which is ill-suited for single cell analysis methods), very low throughput capacity, and increased rates of contaminating loosely adherent cells that de- tach from non-targeted micropallets of the array. A micropallet that is responsive to magnetic fields eliminates these drawbacks by enabling its collection and manipulation via magnetic means subsequent to its release. We proposed that a magnetic micropallet could be fabricated using a composite material that is both ferromagnetic and photopatternable, that the final micropallet would itself be magnetically responsive, and that single, viable cells could be collected and precisely delivered using the magnetic micropallet platform. EXPERIMENTAL Magnetic micropallets were fabricated using standard photolithographic techniques from a photopatternable poly- mer that was made in-house by dissolving EPON 1002F resin in solvent and adding a photoinitiator (3). The resultant 1002F photopolymer is similar to SU-8 photoresist, but exhibits much lower autofluorescence (3). The photopolymer was made magnetic by the addition of ferromagnetic iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticles. Microstructures made from this material exhibited ferromagnetism. The iron oxide nanoparticles were mixed into the 1002F photopolymer by mechan- ical stirring and centrifugation was used to remove aggregates of nanoparticles and thereby improve overall homogenei- ty of the composite material. The photopatterning of the ferromagnetic photopolymer was accomplished using a colli- mated light source and SU-8 developer following the same recipe as prescribed for standard 1002F photopolymer (3). NIH/3T3 cells were maintained in culture and seeded onto micropallet arrays that had been coated with human fi- bronectin. Cells were incubated for 3 h at 37 °C/10% CO2 to allow them to adhere to the micropallets. Individual mi- cropallets holding single cells were released using a pulsed laser focused at the micropallet and glass substrate inter- face, as previously described (2). Released micropallets were collected using a collection probe based on a 1 mm diameter permanent magnet. For clonal expansion experiments to demonstrate viability of recovered cells, micropallets holding single cells were transferred into individual wells of a 96-well tissue culture plate containing cell culture media and cultured for a period of 1 week. For RT-qPCR analyses, single 3T3 cells stably transfected with rat neu were col- lected, lysed and analyzed for mRNA expression of mouse s-actin and rat neu using a TaqMan PreAmp Cells-to-Ct Kit.


Materials with a large linear magnetoresistance (MR) are great candidates for magnetic sensors, but rarity boosts investigations for exploring this MR in material physics. 2D electron system (2DES) formed at the nonisostructural heterointerfaces between γ‐Al2O3 (GAO) and SrTiO3 (STO) provides plenty of intriguing or even superior emergent properties compared with the conventional isomorphic all‐perovskite counterparts. Herein, a large MR exceeding 2000% in magnitude at the magnetic GAO/STO heterointerfaces with a high carrier mobility of 30 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 at low temperature is demonstrated. In contrast to the quadratic dependence on the magnetic field of the conventional oxide 2DES, MR in GAO/STO is linear and nonsaturating at high fields, which is stemmed from the magnetic inhomogeneities‐induced inhomogeneous conductivities. In addition, weak antilocalization effect gives rise to an extra quantum correction to the MR in low‐field region. Furthermore, a general qualitative picture of MR proportional to the mobility is established. These findings reveal the nonisostructural GAO/STO heterointerface is of great promise in magnetic sensor‐based practical memory applications and transistor designs.


Conscious of the importance of scientific and technical information in the economic, social and cultural development, the Arabic countries have been accomplishing tremendous efforts in order to avoid the gap on Information and Documentation subjects between them and the Western countries. This paper shows the emergency of these countries in information international exchange, after analysing gap causes and obstacles. Previous requirements for information development are exposed: a planified national information policy that uses own information resources and the establishement of national and international networks to favour the information transfer


Cooperation of higher vocational colleges with enterprises is not absent condition for higher vocational colleges' development,which is decided by its basic attribute.At present,this kind of cooperation is only at lower level.In order to deepen it,higher vocational colleges should select college company,industry,and college-enterprise share cooperation mode to run colleges to be benefit both sides.


Palu's shallot is commercial crops. The productivity of Palu's shallot is still a lower compared to that in regional crop which was achieved of 6,1 t/ha. In addition, this production is still lower compared to the national productivity (20 t/ha). This research was aimed to study the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in the productivity of Palu's shallot. The study was arranged in a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. This study was performed on farm of fearmer's land at Guntarano village of Tanatovea sub-district of Donggala district. The treatment consisted of ZA 100 kg/ha + NPK (P0), compost of cow excrement 10 t/ha (P1), compost of chickeent excrement 5 t/ha (P2), compost of goat manure 5 t/ha (P3), compost of cow excrement 5 t/ha + ZA 50 kg/ha. Result indicated that all treatments showed not signifi cant on vegetative growth of local Palu's shallot. However, there was a signifi cant effect among the fertilizer treatments on increasing of Palu's shallot productivity. It was found that the weight of wet tuber showed higher than in P4 (14.42 t/ha) and in P2 (10.90 t/ha).


Scientific writing is about the making of an application which can be used on mobile devices. In this case an application built cinema schedule information as a function which is expected to be implemented on the mobile device. With this program are expected to facilitate the public to get information about movies currently playing in theaters. Application development is done in several stages, the first stage of the application design phase, programming, database design, and stage use. The device used in the manufacture phase of the program is Java 2 Micro Edition as a programming language for applications that will run on mobile devices, as well as PHP and MySQL web based application creation tool.


.D. Purpose; To compare the diagnostic accuracy between fine needle and large cutting needle biopies. Methods & Materials: Chest lesion was biopsied consecutively by 19 G or 22 G line needle and 14 G large cutting needle with interval 0110-20 min. 119 patients conlirmed by operation or clinical f이low.up were ev aluated. Results: There were 65 patient confirmed as malignant lesion and 54 conlirmed as benign lesions. Diagnos tic accuracy was 87.7%(57/65) for malignancy and 85.2%(46/54) for benign lesion with line needle. With large cutting needle , it was 90.8%(59/65) lor malignancy and 88.9%(48/54) lor benign lesion. In the benign lesion , specific diagnostic accuray was 48.1 %(26/54) with line needle , and 64.8%(35/54) with large cutting needle bi opsy , respectively. immediate hemopytsis and more severe chest pain occurred when large cutting needle biopsy was done. Conclusion: No signilicant dilference in diagnostic accuracy between fine needle and large cutting needle biopsies was observed in malignant lesion. In benign lesions , larger sample volume may increase the chance 01 obtaining a specilic diagnosis but has no influence on overall diagnostic accuracy of benignity. Thus , we be lieve that fine needle aspiration biopsy is an accurate , sale , and more tolerable means to be performed as first step for diagnosis 01 chest lesions


For a positive integer n,letφ(n) andσ(n) be the Euler function and the sum of divisors function of n.In this paper,we study a divisibility problem of Nicol and Zhang,and prove that if r,k are fixed,r≥0,k≥3,and 2~r||n,then there are only finitely many positive integers n which divideφ(n)+σ(n) withω(n)=k+1,and the upper bound of the slutions of n are given.Therefore we give a more general result of Luca and Sandora's proposition,and give a corollary about an open question of Zhang.


The aims of this study was to investigate the relationship between students' environmental knowledge and their behaviour in maintaining environmental cleanliness at school. This study was conducted at SMK Negeri 1 Mesjid Raya Aceh Besar with a total of 220 students from grade 8 and 9. The sample that used in this reseach were 69 students. Students' knowledge were collected by using questioner, and question about students' knowledge. The method which used in this research is descriptive design. Data analysis was performed with quantitative techniques, then processed using Product Moment correlation statistic. The result showed that the average value of students' environmental knowledge at 78 in high category. On the other hand, students' behaviour in environmental cleanlines at 58 in low category. Based on the result, it concluded that there were no relationship between student's knowledge toward the management of cleanliness school environmental ( r hitung = 0.094 < r tabel = 0,235).


This paper paper presents the results of a study of the characteristics of the Van Atta array, which is made on the basis of a wideband microstrip antenna. It is shown that the made Van Atta array operates in the frequency band from 1.36 to 2.00 GHz (47% relative to 1.36 GHz). The maximum width of the monostatic RCS is observed at the antenna width in the scanning plane equal to 90 mm and is in the range from 34 to 59 degrees.


Space weather refers to states and changes on the sun and in the interplanetary space and geospace(the earth's magnetosphere,ionosphere and thermosphere).It can influence the performance and reliability of space-borne and ground-based technological systems and endanger human life.The space weather program includes the observations and data analysis,research and numerical modeling,forecasts and services.In this paper,the major science problems on space weather research were reviewed.


Abstract In this work, the first study on the pyrrolizidine alkaloids content of Pardoglossum cheirifolium (L.) E.Barbier & Mathez. was reported. The studied exemplar was collected in Algeria and the analysis was carried out by means of GC-MS on the crude base extract deriving from the whole plant. Nine compounds were tentatively identified and they all represent new phytochemicals at the species level. Their presence confirms the botanical classification of the plant as a member of the Boraginaceae family. In addition, it points out some interesting chemosystematic relations within the family. Graphical Abstract


Code reuse is an important part of software development. The adoption of code reuse practices is especially common among Node.js developers. The Node.js package manager, NPM, indexes over 1 Million packages and developers often seek out packages to solve programming tasks. Due to the vast number of packages, selecting the right package is difficult and time consuming. With the goal of improving productivity of developers that heavily reuse code through third-party packages, we present Node Code Query (NCQ), a Read-Eval-Print-Loop environment that allows developers to 1) search for NPM packages using natural language queries, 2) search for code snippets related to those packages, 3) automatically correct errors in these code snippets, 4) quickly setup new environments for testing those snippets, and 5) transition between search and editing modes. In two user studies with a total of 20 participants, we find that participants begin programming faster and conclude tasks faster with NCQ than with baseline approaches, and that they like, among other features, the search for code snippets and packages. Our results suggest that NCQ makes Node.js developers more efficient in reusing code.


DURING the last 40 years less than 100 proved cases of histoplasmosis have been reported in the world literature. These few cases, nearly all fatal, cannot be considered a significant public health problem. Public health interest is aroused, however, by Christie and Peterson1 and Palmer,2 3 who advance the hypothesis that human histoplasmosis may exist in a mild form and may be an important factor in the etiology of calcified pulmonary lesions. The general background of this hypothesis lies in the reports of Gass, et al.,4 Lumsden and Dearing,5 Olson, et al.,6 and others, showing that a large number of persons have pulmonary clacification not associated with demonstrable tuberculosis. Olson, et al.6 concluded that such calcification must be due to some unrecognized disease of common occurrence other than tuberculosis. Thus, when Christie and Peterson, Palmer,2'8 and Furculow, et al.7 found that a large proportion of the population in certain areas gave positive skin reactions to a filtrate of Histoplasma capsulatum grown on a synthetic medium, namely histoplasmin,t and also


Bael ( Aegla marmelos ) is one of the important fruit in India and bael juice is most important source of antioxidants. The loss of phenolic compound and antioxidant content over the temperature range of 55-85° C was studied. Degradation kinetics was best fitted by first order reaction kinetic model for both phenolic compound and antioxidants. Arhenius and Erying – polany models had been used to determine the temperature dependent degradation. Following the Arhenius model, the activation energy for the phenolic compound and antioxidants were 18.52 and 45.08 KJ mol -1 , respectively. The retention of phenolic compound and antioxidants of bael juice treated at 55° C for 90 min was more than 61 and 68 per cent, respectively as that of fresh bael juice.


Welding is one of the metals joining methods to assembly parts which are used in manufacturing, automotive, and aerospace industries. The welding process merely simulated in modelling using finite element method (FEM). Simulation is used to determine how the effect of welding speed on the distribution of temperature, residual stress, and deformation in the V-Butt Joint welding model. The material used in this welding simulation is AISI 1045 plate with a thickness of 8 mm. Variable speed of welding performed in 30 cm/minute, 40 cm/minute and 50 cm/minute. As the result, the residual stress and distortion will be compared in order to find the best welding speed which produces the smallest residual stress and distortion value. Welding simulation based on SMAW with 6.3 mm of E7016 electrode, current of 150 A, voltage of 26 V, and single-pass welding. The finite element method using the ANSYS 2020 R2 software for simulation. Welding simulation uses transient thermal and moving heat flux features, while residual stresses and distortion use static structural features. From this research, the maximum temperature distribution after welding at welding speeds of 30 cm/minute, 40 cm/minute and 50 cm/minute were 295.22 ℃, 240.59 ℃ and 205.94 ℃, respectively. In this study, the welding speed of 30cm/minute has the highest values of residual stress and distortion, which is about 0.00000036965 MPa and 0.090894 mm. Besides, for welding speed of 40 cm/minute and 50 cm/minute, the total residual stress and total distortion value are 0.00000027744 MPa; 0.067248 mm and 0.00000022218 MPa; 0.053419 mm, respectively.


In this paper we propose the use of artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the most suitable areas of an image for embedding. This ANN is trained based on the human visual system (HVS) model. Only blocks which produce least amount of perceivable changes are selected by this method. A joint DWT and DCT based watermarking technique with low frequency watermarking with weighted correction is proposed. DWT has excellent spatial localization, frequency spread and multi-resolution characteristics, which are similar to the theoretical models of the human visual system (HVS). In the proposed method watermark bits are embedded in the low frequency band of each DCT block of selected DWT sub-band. Compared with the similar approach by DCT based approach and DWT based approach, the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm apparently preserves superior image quality and robustness under various attacks such as JPEG compression, scaling, filtering, and so on.


Contemporary Western civilization in the technical,economic,and values and so led to the survival of humanity.The crisis of survival and the Western metaphysics of subject-object dichotomy of traditional ways of thinking as well as traditional humanist philosophy are inextricably linked.To get rid of the philosophy of the root causes of these crises,the need to establish a new philosophy,re-reflection of the survival status of the times,to find a new way of survival.Constitutes a development of this new philosophy of ethics mission.


Research has demonstrated that people overwhelmingly express satisfaction with and preferences for their community job experiences. Organizations that have totally converted to integrated services have found that individuals with disabilities have no need for facility-based employment services. All services and supports can be provided successfully in an individualized fashion in the community at comparable costs to segregated services.


1. Relating phonological representations to phonetic output In both generative and natural phonology, phonological representations and alternations have been described in terms of categorical feature values, as in Jakobson, Fant, & Halle's (1963) original conception. This categorical representation contrasts with instrumental phonetic data, which present the speech signal as temporally, qualitatively, and quantitatively non-categorical and continuous. The question that will be addressed here is how phonetic representation ('surface' phonological representation) and speech are related. Generativists and naturalists have taken two quite different views on this. The generativist view, and that of most recent writers on phonetics, has been that phonetic representation and speech are related by language-specific phonetic rules that associate binary phonological values with gradient phonetic values. The naturalist position has been that the relationship is universally determined in the act of speaking. The reason that the generative and natural views are so distinct is related to their rather distinct views of what surface phonological representation is like.


Abstract : Nanotechnology will have a profound impact on the profession of arms by 2035. Breakthroughs in this burgeoning science will foster the miniaturization of weapons, decrease the cost of space launch systems, and make resilient rechargeable battery power readily available. The U.S. Department of Defense must embrace nanotechnology research and development in order to capitalize on these developments. Preparing for new nanotechnology-inspired weapons will provide the depth of technological understanding required to field new systems and to adequately deter nations, non-state actors, and individuals that may attempt to use nanotechnology in malevolent ways. It is important to precisely define what is meant by nanotechnology as this term has come to have many different meanings to different elements of the scientific community. Nano is a scientific prefix meaning one-billionth (10-9); a nanometer (nm) is one-billionth of a meter. The United States National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) definition of nanotechnology will be used for this paper.


Compared are the equations of Hudson, van der Meer-de Jong and Yoo for the estimation of armor block weight and in addition the equation of critical wave height for erosion at the front bottom has been developed. All empirical equations have been reformed according to Hudson equation, which has been widely employed for engineering design, and additional incremental factor has been added to each reformed empirical equation. The additional incremental factor reflects the characteristics of each empirical equation. The wave action slope, introduced by Yoo(2003), employs wave celerity as well as wave height, and both parameters are taken at the place of interest. The wave celerity has been calculated by using Stokes 4th order wave theory which is valid for deep water or by modified solitary wave theory, which is valid for a wide range of water depth. In the present study modified solitary wave theory is found generally valid for a wide range of application. On the other hand several places are found inadequate for erosion of sea bottom in front of breakwater. The equation of critical wave height for erosion has been developed and employed to test the sea bottom stability, and with this inclusion the credibility of the over-check has been increased up to 87.7%.


Ever since the reform and opening-up policy, Chinese economy has been developing rapidly and it has become a global economic power. However, on the road of economic development, though the general direction is right, a nation's economy is faced with numerous difficulties. The development situations we are familiar with are changeable, and the changes almost progress with each passing day. No matter it is new enterprise or successful enterprise, if they want to survive in the marketing environment, they need to make corresponding countermeasures and change with changes of the society and marketing environment. Besides this, enterprises also need to cope with competitions among enterprises. The key to the survival of enterprises is to adapt to marketing environment and comprehend the way of survival in marketing environment. How to comprehend and take advantage of marketing rapidly and bring key development trend for enterprises and what rules should be implemented to make sure enterprises develop stably and everlastingly. This paper will analyze and explain strategies for enterprises to cope with changes of marketing environment to take the most correct measures and help enterprises to develop healthily and stably in the marketing environment with constantly changing conditions.


Lampert also interprets Nietzsche as primarily a political philosopher, focused on society as a whole, rather than individual spirituality. Political themes may be emphasized in Beyond Good and Evil, but some of Nietzsche's other works focus much more prominently on individual psychology and spiritual development. Given Nietzsche's emphasis on the importance of the individual and his characterization of Beyond Good and Evil as making a negative case against the lies of millennia, one might view the political as a means for the development of the superior individual, not the other way around. Although I disagree with many of the broad emphases of Lampert's interpretation, I applaud its challenges to certain platitudes about Nietzsche. I particularly appreciate its extended argument that Nietzsche's rejection of the Christian religion does not entail the rejection of all aspects of religion as such, though I would have liked more precise delineation of what Lampert counts as religion. And Lampert is surely right that Nietzsche responds to Plato in a nuanced fashion that has been underappreciated. Lampert also offers ample demonstration that Nietzsche's attacks on traditional conceptions of truth do not imply that he has abandoned the goal of coming to understand reality, or that he does not have opinions about the way things are. In my judgment, the book is particularly useful for its detailed readings of sections, which are filled with historical background and cross references to Nietzsche's other works and notes. The discussion of section 56, which includes the only straightforward reference to eternal recurrence in Beyond Good and Evil, is an excellent example. Lampert takes pains to illuminate some of Nietzsche's more convoluted passages (section 221, for example). On the whole, the book has the virtues of an excellent seminar on Nietzsche. The views expressed are often debatable, but they add a further dimension to one's understanding of Nietzsche. K A T H L E E N M A R I E H I G G I N S The University of Texas at Austin


The international rollout of residential smart meters has increased considerably in recent years. The improved consumption feedback provided, and in particular, the installation of in-house displays, has been shown to significantly reduce residential electricity demand in some international trials. This paper attempts to uncover the underlying drivers of such information-led reductions by exploring two research questions. First, does feedback improve a household's knowledge of energy reducing behaviors? And second, do knowledge improvements explain demand reductions? Data is from a randomized controlled smart metering trial (Ireland) which also collected extensive information on household attitudes towards and knowledge of electricity use. Results show that feedback significantly increases a household's knowledge but improvements are not correlated with observed demand reductions. Increasing the level of knowledge ceteris paribus is therefore unlikely to bring short-run demand reductions in residential electricity markets. Given this result, it is possible that feedback acts mainly as a reminder and motivator, rather than an educational tool


The results of research on pricing tourist product: vacation apartments - hotels in Tenerife (Spain) for Russian tourists. The following use of the technique of "price of indifference" to identify competitive advantages.


The well known supraclavicular shadows present on most postero-anterior films of the chest are valuable aids to diagnosis, though their use has not been previously described. These shadows, as well as the sternomastoid shadows, are pointed out only as normal features, and the student is cautioned against confusing them with pathological lesions (Fig. 1). The frequency of masses in the neck resulting from lymphomata, tuberculosis, thyroid, salivary gland, laryngeal and superior sulcus tumors, and metastatic involvement from carcinoma of the breast and testes is well known. Any of these diseases may produce masses that partially or completely obliterate the supraclavicular fossae, either as a result of metastasis from a distant primary lesion or by direct extension (Fig. 2). In the past, masses in the neck have been recognized chiefly by a bulging silhouette, displaced muscle shadows, displacement of the trachea and esophagus, erosion or invasion of bone, and by the presence of calcific deposits. This repor...


To provide additional information on the platelet defect which is associated with the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), platelet rich plasma from normal and CHS cattle was incubated with 14C-adenine. Platelets were then isolated by gel filtration and treated with thrombin. Both the resting amount and extent of secretion of ATP, ADP, several acid hydrolasis, serotonin, calcium and magnesium was determined. Nucleotide profiles and electron micrographs of resting and thrombin treated platelets were also obtained. The markedly reduced secretion of nucleotides, serotonin, and metals demonstrate that CHS cattle have a storage pool defect. Furthermore, there appears to be significant differences in both the resting amount and extent of secretion of several of these measured substances between normal cattle and human platelets.


Binary neural network (BNN) has recently presented a promising opportunity for deep learning inferences on resource-constrained edge devices. Using extreme data precision, i.e., 1-bit weight and 1-bit activation, BNN not only significantly reduces the network memory footprint, but also trades massive multiply-accumulate operations for much cheaper logical XNOR and population count operations. However, our investigation reveals that, to achieve satisfactory accuracy gains, state-of-the-art (SOTA) BNNs, such as FracBNN [4] and ReActNet [1], usually have to incorporate various auxiliary floating-point ($AFP$) components and increase the model size, which in turn degrades the hardware performance efficiency.


Evidence exists for flexibility in the ossicular chain. This evidence includes the observation that patients with otosclerotic lesions sufficient to cause a substantial reduction in stapes mobility and conductive hearing loss show only small reductions in low-frequency umbo velocity. In models of the middle ear, ossicular flexibility has often been assigned to the incudostapedial (I-S) joint the incudomalleal (I-M) joint is assumed rigid and this presumed flexibility is generally not well described. We introduce flexibility in the I-M joint in a simple middle-ear model to explain the discrepancy in reductions in umbo and stapes velocity at low frequencies observed in human temporal bones with simulated stapes fixation by Nakajima et al. (2003qb). We determine the magnitude of I-M joint flexibility from measurements of low-frequency relative rotational velocity (Willi et al., 2002) and assume the I-S joint is rigid. The relationship between umbo and stapes velocities predicted by the model for normal ears and the reduction in umbo velocity predicted for various degrees of stapes fixation (modeled by reductions in annular ligament compliance) are a good match to experimental data in temporal bones and to clinical data in patients with stapes fixation. Reductions in umbo velocity due to stapes fixation are successfully predicted by varying a single model parameter, the annular ligament compliance, at the site of fixation.


High-frequency induction and dielectric heating may be applied to many processes, but may not be justified. To study applications, one utility company has established a laboratory and works with customers to meet their needs.


The study of mountain ecosystems has a long tradition. This can be traced from the extensive geological surveys of Horace de Saussure in the 1800s in the European Alps (Billing 2019) to the seminal research that Humboldt performed on his trip through the Andes (Linder et al 2019; Moret et al 2019). However, the geographical distribution of the research has remained biased toward the global North and, more specifically, to the mountain ranges of Europe and North America (K€ orner 2003). This bias means that the understanding of mountains has been mostly based on temperate ranges in which the lives and ecology of organisms are tied to the marked rhythms that seasons impose on temperature, precipitation, and irradiance (but see Llamb ı and Rada 2019). The historical bias seems also to have percolated into the language that we use to describe mountain ecosystems. The adjective ''alpine,'' for example, has become a standard term to describe the high-elevation ecosystems that occupy the higher reaches of mountains, above the climatic tree line. Similarly, ''tropical alpine,'' is used to describe the ecosystems and vegetation that characterize the highelevation landscape of the Northern Andes and other tropical mountains (Hedberg and Hedberg 1979; Smith and Cleef 1988; Christmann and Oliveras 2020). However, this generalized use of ''alpine'' could result in 2 unintended outcomes. On the one hand, it might restrict the usefulness of the word ''alpine'' as a descriptor of the particular ecosystem traits and environmental characteristics of the temperate mountains that inspired the original use of the term. On the other hand, while used to describe the outstanding diversity of high-elevation ecosystems in the world, ''alpine'' might become simply synonymous with ''high mountain,'' thus failing to convey any meaningful idea of the diverse and unique environments that dominate the upper reaches of the mountains of the world. Therefore, does the term ''alpine'' accurately encompass the heterogeneous nature of all high-elevation ecosystems across the world, or does its reference to the temperate, seasonal landscape entail an ambiguous generalization? In this commentary, we examine the use of ''alpine'' as an overarching term to broadly describe high-elevation ecosystems and their species, using as an example the p aramo of the humid Northern Andes.


Summary A trial was conducted to evaluate the ram effect stimulus on the possibility of advancing puberty of ewe lambs as well as on their reproductive performance at two stages of the anestrous season (February to June) in central Mexico (25" 5 1 ' NL). A total of 80 single Merino Rambouillet ewe lambs, 11-13 months-old and 49.0k6.6 kg live weight, were randomly assigned to one of two experimental breeding groups: at the middle (M; March-April) or the end (E; May-June) of the natural anestrous season. Ewes were isolated from rams since they were born and kept under stall-fed conditions. During March and May, ewes were exposed within breeding group to two Merino Rambouillet rams fitted with a marking harness, remaining together for a 45 d-period. To determine ovarian function, blood samples were taken from each ewe to quantify serum progesterone concentrations by RIA. Ewes with less than 0.5 ng mL-' and depicting non-estrual behavior 16 days prior to ram exposure, were classified as inactive. Only 17.5% and 10% (P>0.05) of the M and


"The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) on the productive merit/yield increases of US seed varieties. As an example, we use wheat varieties, which are and have been available as both protected and unprotected under PVP from both the public and private sectors. We find evidence that PVP has contributed to the genetic improvement of wheat, using varietal trial data from Washington State. As the private open-pollinated varieties exist only because of PVP and are higher yielding, these results indicate a clear public benefit from PVP." Copyright (c) 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation (c) 2008 The Agricultural Economics Society.


By means of a numerical solution of the Boltzmann equation, elastic and inelastic collision cross sections have been derived for electrons in ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ subjected to a dc electric field. The cross sections for momentum transfer, rotational excitation, vibrational excitation, electronic excitation, and ionization are investigated by comparing experimental and theoretical values of transport coefficient. The same momentum transfer cross section previously obtained for ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ by Frost and Phelps has been found to be valid for ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$. Good agreement is secured between experiment and theory by multiplying the theoretical rotational cross sections of Gerjuoy and Stein by approximately 1.5, provided the polarization factor of Dalgarno and Moffett is used. The final cross section for vibrational excitation of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ has a threshold at 0.52 eV and a peak of 7.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 4.5 eV, whereas that of ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ has a threshold at 0.36 eV and a peak of 6.6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 4.7 eV. The derived electronic excitation cross sections are the same for both ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$. The ionization cross section was taken from the experimental results of Tate and Smith. Calculated transport coefficients for electrons subjected to crossed electric and magnetic fields, and high-frequency ac electric fields are in agreement with recent experimental and theoretical results.


Solitary waves are generated in a wave tank by a piston-type wave generator. The measured surface profile, the wave celerity, and the near-bottom fluid particle velocity under the waves are compared to those given by the approximate solutions of Boussinesq, McCowan, and Laitone. It is found that, although Boussinesq's and McCowan's theories are of lower order of approximation than Laitone's theory, they better present the surface profile and the fluid particle velocity of the wave. The wave celerity, on the other hand, is not presented well by McCowan's theory. It is also found that the differences between the theories increase with increasing wave height to water depth ratio. Calculations of the fluid particle velocity near the bottom show that the three theories differ significantly when used to describe the fluid particle velocity square. It is recommended to generally use Boussinesq's theory as it represents the overall solitary wave better than the other two.


This is a book review of Exploring the Old Testament in Asia: Evangelicals in Asian Christian Thought, edited by Jerry Hwang and Angukali Rotokha (Carlisle: Langham, 2022), 276 pp., ISBN 978-1-83973-279-9, US$32.99, paperback.


The hot-dip aluminum alloy plated steel has a base steel and a plated layer, in which the composition of the plated layer contains, by % by mass, Fe: 25% to 75%, Mg: 2% to 20%, and Ca: 0.02% to 2% with a remainder of Al and inevitable impurities, the plated layer contains one or both of an ±-Mg phase and an Al 3 Mg 2 phase, and the sum of the partial volume fraction of the ±-Mg phase and the partial volume fraction of the Al 3 Mg 2 phase in a range of a depth of 5 µm from a surface of the plated layer is 1% to 40%.


Purpose: To evaluate and investigate the distribution and repeatability of anterior corneal surface astigmatism measurements (axis and magnitude) using a novel corneal topographer. Methods: Anterior corneal surface astigmatism was investigated in a total of 195 eyes using a novel multicolored spot reflection topographer (Cassini; i-Optics). Two patient groups were studied, a younger-age group A and an older-age group B. Three consecutive acquisitions were obtained from each eye. The repeatability of measurement was assessed using Bland–Altman plot analysis and is reported as the coefficient of repeatability. Results: Group A (average age 34.3 years) had on average with-the-rule astigmatism, whereas the older-age group B (average age 72.3 years) had on average against-the-rule astigmatism. Average astigmatism magnitude measurement repeatability in group A was 0.4 diopters (D) and in group B 0.4 D. Average astigmatism axis measurement repeatability in group A was 5.4 degrees and in group B 5.5 degrees. The axis measurement repeatability improved with increasing magnitude of astigmatism: in the subgroups with astigmatism between 3.0 and 6.0 D, the axis repeatability was 1.4 degrees (group A) and 1.2 degrees (group B), whereas in the subgroups with astigmatism larger than 6.0 D, the repeatability was 1.1 and 0.6 degrees, respectively. Conclusions: This novel corneal topography device seems to offer high precision in reporting corneal astigmatism. This study reaffirms the established trend of a corneal astigmatism shift from an average "with-the-rule" to "against-the-rule" with aging.


A discussion of curved conical horns used for the purpose of absorbing unwanted optical radiation is given. Several examples are presented, along with performance data from a horn made of pyrex glass and painted with gloss black paint.


A setup for studying the dependence of structure on time and height in foams of varying stabilities was constructed. The setup includes a personal computer, which processes the data and plots the results. The foaming agents used were alkylbenzenesulfonate, technical-grade oxyethylated alkylphenol AF-25, sodium dodecylsulfate, and beer (the Troika brand). Capillary pressure was measured, and the average equivalent radius of a foam cell was calculated according to a relationship obtained by numerical modeling of the foam structure. The agreement between the calculated and experimental data is good. The assumption that the contribution of the pressure of a low-expansion foam column should be taken into account in calculations of the cell size from capillary pressure values was confirmed. Determination of the cell size in low-expansion foams was shown to require investigation of the height dependence of expansion in a foam column; this investigation may be performed by our device.


I appreciate Dr. Burlon's response to my article,1 highlighting not only the tragic actions of 2 doctors, but also a strategy to employ when deciding how to best care for patients. By questioning whether they would have implemented "euthanasia" on neuropsychiatric patients if they were close relatives and not institutionalized "useless eaters," perhaps Drs. Knigge and Bayer would not have murdered. In addition, part of Knigge's motivation, to scientifically evaluate the murdered patients' brains, was fulfilled by Hans Jacob, who performed the neuropathologic examinations. Jacob's work lent legitimacy to Knigge's killing, as did the work of other neuropathologists at the time.2 If Jacob had refused to do the examinations, would Knigge have had that additional motivation?


During the first two years of this program, we have successfully investigated tw,o new methods for the production of polarized muonic helium. This work was done at LAMPF in collaboration with a group from Syracuse University. Traditionally, polarized muonic helium has been formed by stopping polarized muons in unpolarized atoms. Unfortunately, because of depolarization in the muon cascade to the ground state, residual polarizations are only ,-_3%.[1, 2, 3] The two methods we have developed both achieve much higher muon polarizations. To accomplish our goals, we first developed an appropriate muon beam for use with our small gas targets. This work is summarized by Holmes et al in a NIM article.[4] During the summer of 1990, we stopped unpolarized negative muons in nuclear polarized 3He. The muons were polarized in the cascade to the ground sta.te through the hyperfine interaction with the nucleus. _Ihe resulting muon polarizations were 7.2 + 0.8% for a 100% nuclear polarized target. While higher polarizations are clearly desirable for practical purposes, this experiment yielded important insights on spin interactions that occur in muonic atoms. Also, the ability to rapidly reverse the ta.rget polarization gave the experiment good sensitivity with minimal systematic effects. This work is summarized in a Physical Review I _ter_ a preprint of which is attached to this proposal as appendix A.[5] Last summer, we. completed an experiment :.q which we polarized muonic helium by direct spin interactions with an optically pumped Rb vapor. In this technique, the muonic helium atom is polarized through a combination of charge exchange and spin exchange with the polarized va.lence electron of the Rb vapor. In contrast to the technique described in appendix A, thc aHc nuclei are not polarized. This last technique yielC "_ddramatic polarizations a,pproaching 50%.


Abstract Hippodamia variegata is an important predator of aphid pests. In this study, we determined the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of H. variegata. The mitogenome is 17,823 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and one non-coding control region. Initiation codons ATA, ATG, ATT, and AAT were identified in two, five, five, and one PCGs, respectively, whereas stop codons TAA or TAG were found in eight genes except for five genes which use incomplete stop codon T–. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that three species in Hippodamia (H. variegata, H. convergens, and H. undecimnotata) were closely related and had a close relationship with the genus Harmonia.


Some current algorithmic problems are facing a multitude of states, often due to a dynamic environment. The human being's approach to such problems consists of using emotions which increase his reactivity and help him in his decisions. We put forward an algorithmic problem solving method using a modelling of the human emotional system aiming at improving the resolution's reactivity and performance.


ABSTRACT Dune systems in Atlantic Canada are relatively small given a relatively low sediment supply. The dunes are built primarily of reworked sediments as relative sea level (RSL) has risen. The foredune (at least) is reworked several times a decade by extreme weather events and many are transgressing on a decadal scale as a result of normal geomorphic processes. The key drivers shaping the dunes are, however, changing over time with climate change.The rate of RSL rise is accelerating, which will almost certainly mean an acceleration of dune transgression rates. As well, there is some evidence that storms are becoming more frequent and sea ice is diminishing, meaning more frequent reactivation. Predicting how dunes will respond to changes in the key controlling variables on an annual or decadal scale is challenging. Examination of how the dunes evolve on a decadal to century scale, however, suggests that the dunes in Atlantic Canada should continue to exist. Thus, we advocate using a dune management approach that focuses on minimizing human impacts and allowing natural processes to continue unimpeded. The highest priority for managing our coastal dunes should be to provide them with sufficient accommodation space into which they can transgress naturally.


This pap er mainly described the municipal road construction in the limestone soil of some basic technical requirements,and the choice of construction technology and processes.


A subset S of vertices in a graph G is called a geodetic set if every vertex not in S lies on a shortest path between two vertices from S. A subset D of vertices in G is called dominating set if every vertex not in D has at least one neighbor in D. A geodetic dominating set S is both a geodetic and a dominating set. The geodetic (domination, geodetic domination) number g(G)( (G); g(G)) of G is the minimum cardinality among all geodetic (dominating, geodetic dominating) sets in G. In this paper, we show that if a triangle free graph G has minimum degree at least 2 and g(G) = 2, then g(G) = (G). It is shown, for every nontrivial connected graph G with (G) = 2 and diam(G) > 3, that g(G) > g(G). The lower bound for the geodetic domination number of Cartesian product graphs is proved. Geodetic domination number of product of cycles (paths) are determined. In this work, we also determine some bounds and exact values of the geodetic domination number of strong product of graphs.


The authors propose an all-optical linearisation scheme for suppression of nonlinear distortion in semiconductor optical amplifiers. First experimental results show better than 10 dB reduction of second order harmonic distortion of an amplified sinusoidally amplitude modulated signal.


Background : Society often underestimate oral health problem. They mostly visit the dentist when the chief complain eventually disturb their mastication, deglutination and speech function. Until recently, there has been no data provided for the prevalence of oral mucosa disease in Indonesia, as well as the prevalence of oral mucosa disease in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. Objective : To discover the prevalence of oral mucosa disease in Gusti Hasan Aman Dental Hospital, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan in 2014-2017. Material and Methods : This is a retrospective descriptive study. The sample of this study was obtained by purposive sampling method from patients' medical record who visited Department of Oral Medicine, Gusti Hasan Aman Dental Hospital Banjarmasin in 2014-2017, complied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was obtained from final diagnosis of patients' disease written in medical record which then presented in graphics. Result : It was found that the prevalence of oral mucosa disease in Gusti Hasan Aman Dental Hospital in 2014-2017 comprised of Reccurent Aphtous Stomatitis (SAR) in 397 patients (45,42%), Traumatic Ulcer in 263 patients (30,08%), Oral Candidiasis in 92 patients (10,53%), Viral Infection in 88 patients (10,07%), Allergic Stomatitis in 26 patients (2,97%), and other diseases in 8 patients (0,92%). Conclusion : The highest prevalence of oral mucosa disease in Gusti Hasan Aman Dental Hospital in 2014-2017 year is Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis, followed by Traumatic Ulcer, and infectious diseases comprise of oral candidiasis and viral infection.


The problem of bounded-variance finite-time regulation of linear, discrete timevarying, uncertain systems with a norm bounded unknown parameter matrix is considered. An upper-bound on the value of the standard LQG control criterion is obtained for all the admissible systems. Regulators that minimize this bound are obtained, they consist of an optimal state-feedback gain and a robust state observer. Robust H-tracking problems are also treated where the output of the 2 system should follow a reference sequence that is either perfectly known in advance, or previewed in a fixed-interval of time ahead.


CLINICAL INTRODUCTION A man in his 60s with hypertension and tobacco use presented to the outpatient clinic with 3month progressive exertional dyspnoea. ECG showed sinus rhythm with poor Rwave progression in the precordial leads. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) revealed normal left ventricular (LV) size and function. Coronary angiography showed no significant stenosis. However, left ventriculography found a narrow neck, thinwalled outpouching at the apex with synchronous contraction (figure 1A,B and video 1). Subsequently, MRI confirmed a small LV outpouching on the apex measuring 17×12 mm, which contained myocardium (figure 1C,D and video 2). On late gadolinium enhancement images, the entire LV myocardium was nulled without evidence of scar. During the period of followup, the size and location of his LV outpouching remained unchanged over time.


This paper gives:(i)some significant improvements of both Ploya Szge inequality and Ingham inequality;(ii) a generalized Theorem of Fejer Riesz in H p spaces.


The present paper analyses the possibilities of using modern technology and technical engineering in conservation practices. Some examples of heritage abuse are given alongside some innovative ways of presenting relics of the past to society. Methodology consists in the scrutinizing of chosen examples, selecting conclusions and a synthetic presentation of research results. The aim is proper protection of historic architectural resources through documentation and dissemination of knowledge. First part is concerned to rejection of old aesthetics values and implementing a new one on example of Brussels' House of the People (the largest work by Victor Horta that opened on 1899 and demolished in 1965 despite a protest of architects) and ridiculous renovation in Krynica, Poland. In second part, it presents tree examples of successful implementation of innovative techniques and technologies as the Pauline fathers realizations of renovation sacred architecture (churches, cloisters), also valuable digital projects of the reconstruction of the vaults and realization of underground Museum in Krakow, Poland (the outstanding creation of the atmosphere of virtual historic reality by the latest audio-visual techniques).


Soil erosion-control covers have been used over closed landfills for years as a means of limiting soil loss and contaminant runoff. Since 1994, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has been conducting a full-scale test of two types of geosynthetic erosion control materials— erosion control blankets (ECBs) and turf-reinforcement mats (TRMs). Based on visual observation, the ongoing study shows that TRMs work best on steeper slopes, while ECBs are a cost-effective solution for shallower ones. More quantitative tests would be the next logical step in evaluating their performance.


Youth is the age category most vulnerable to exhibiting behaviors inconsistent with the generally accepted normative system. Some of them are an integral part of adolescence and pass with age, while others lead to developmental disorders. As a consequence, they require the intervention of specialized services that face new challenges and threats related to the dynamically changing social reality. This requires close cooperation with all educational environments, shaped both by the social needs and expectations of its participants, and by legal and political regulations at the central level. Today, risky behavior takes on a completely new character.


We present a progress report of a study of FR I and FR II radio galaxies. Several new morphological features in the radio emission are now revealed using the high (μJy) sensitivity reached in the range 550–1712 MHz, more than a factor of three, at the high (∼4″−7″) angular resolution with the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) and MeerKAT. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand if we need to revise our current classification scheme for classical radio galaxies. In order to address our goals, we have carefully constructed a sample of 14 (6 FR I, 6 FR II and 2 FR 0) radio galaxies. The uGMRT and MeerKAT images of our four target sources revealed a wealth of morphological details, e.g., filamentary structure in the emission from the lobes, misalignments, radio emission beyond the hot-spots in three sources, etc.; see Fanaroff et al. (2021). Here, we present preliminary results for two more radio galaxies from our sample using uGMRT, in the light of the local environment. Finally, we are awaiting uGMRT and MeerKAT observations of remaining sample sources. Our results show that for the radio galaxies in this study, the morphological classification scheme for the classical FR I/FR II radio galaxies still holds, even with the improved imaging capabilities of the uGMRT and MeerKAT. Furthermore, we need to be cautious when using automated procedures for classification schemes, e.g., in surveys (with poorer sensitivities and angular resolutions) because of the rich morphological details that are shown in our uGMRT and MeerKAT images.


T he Grid 2: Blueprint for a New Computing Infrastructure, Ian Foster and Carl Kesselman, editors. This second edition of a book originally published in 1998 provides a broader and deeper understanding of the opportunities that Grid computing offers and the technologies needed to realize them. The book reveals the revolutionary impact of large-scale resource sharing and virtu-alization within science and industry; explores the intimate relationships between organization and resource sharing structures; and describes the new technologies required to enable large-scale secure, reliable, and efficient resource sharing. The editors have once again assembled a team of experts who report their Grid experiences and explain both available technologies and the new technologies emerging from labs, companies , and standards bodies. Like its predecessor, this book serves as a manifesto , design blueprint, user guide, and research agenda for future Grid systems. The book includes more than a dozen completely new chapters, Web access to 13 unchanged chapters from the first edition, and three personal essays by influential thinkers on the significance of Grids from the perspectives of infrastructure, industry, and science. Mark D'Inverno. This book offers readers a comprehensive explanation of the methods, tools, standards, and techniques used to develop software with the agent-oriented approach. It supports the agent-software development community with practical guidance and helps readers understand the issues in developing agent-based software , select tools and techniques that aid in the development of agent systems , and become familiar with important methodologies that can be used to build different types of agent systems. The authors cover four major areas: the basic agent concepts that motivate agent technology, available technological support for deployment of agent systems , industry-relevant initiatives, and methodologies for agent system development. Addressing issues of direct relevance to specific development and task objectives—as well as to industry-wide initiatives—the book provides an essential understanding of agent-based com-puting's commercial realities. U ML by Example, Ghinwa Jalloul. Practicing software engineers who seek to add rigor to their techniques can use this step-by-step introduction to object-oriented software development for teaching and self-study. The book's seven complete case studies are complemented by several shorter examples derived from small software projects developed for and delivered to real users. These examples use a bridge process, which presents a systematic approach for developing analysis models and unfolding them incrementally and iteratively through to design models and implementation. The bridge process provides one example of unified …


It is shown that the effects of density variations in the solar corona may be comparable to or greater than other effects in producing the time and frequency profiles of Type III bursts. A quantitative treatment of the density inhomogeneity effect is presented and a simple mathematical theory that incorporates a log-normal distribution for density variations in nonradial diverging flux tubes is presented. This theory successfully simulates dynamic spectrograms of Type III bursts from 50 to 400 MHz.


Let /9 be a normal operator on a complex Hubert space, and let 0-(1q) and c, (/9) denote the spectrum and the approximate point spectrum of /9 respectively. Then, o-(/9) (/9) , and. the G-elfandNaimark Theorem proves that there exists a 1-1 correspondence between the set of characters on C(/9) and cr(4) (= (#9) ). The approximate point Of spectrum turns out to be the relevant part of the spectrum in the study of characters on the Calgebra generated by an arbitrary operator 0.. : Ifis a character on then [9]. OIF Chapter I of the present thesis is devoted to the definition and study of the approximate point spectrum of arbitrary elements of Calgebras. For the study of characters on Calgebras generated by more than one operator, the appropriate generalization of the approximate point spectrum turns out to be the concept of the joint approximate point spectrum. In chapter II we study the latter concept. In chapter III the results of the two previous chapters are used to prove a rational functional calculus for the joint approximate point spectrum of a commuting family of operators. Chapter IV is concerned mainly with the applications of the methods developed in the previous chapters to the theory of characters and finite operators. Finally, applications to various topics (such as Rosenbluin's theorem) are scattered throughout the present work.


A cooling System for an electronic System housing a heat generating component. The cooling System generally includes a heat Sink having a length and a width. The heat Sink is configured to dissipate heat generated by the heat generating component and has a base and a plurality of fins attached to the base. The plurality of fins are spaced apart from one another to have a relatively low height to width aspect ratio in the Spacing between the plurality of fins. In addition, the heat-generating component has a length and a width, and at least one of the length and the width of the heat Sink is Substantially larger than at least one of an associated length and width of the heat-generating component.


ABSTRACT In this article, we analyse the long-term effects on youth professional careers of entering the Spanish labour market under adverse economic conditions, using administrative data from the Continuous Sample of Working Histories (CSWH) for the period 2007–2017. We follow a cohort approach and estimate a Weighted OLS specification. Results show that cohorts entering the labour market in a recession face long-term consequences both in terms of wages and employment. For less-educated individuals, we find that the main effect is via employment, even blocking their entry into the labour market. For high-educated individuals, instead, we obtain a long-term penalty in terms of wages as well as a reduction in the days worked. The main contribution of this paper is to provide evidence of the long run impact on youth careers of the Great Recession in a segmented labour market.


The books reviewed in this section explore feminist politics in a global frame. They will include writings in feminist international relations, but will also feature multi-disciplinary scholarship pertaining to global gender relations. In general, the section will be made up of a combination of several distinct elements: Rethinking the Canon, Feminist Classics/Many Voices, review essays and book reviews. 'Rethinking the Canon', gives space for an individual to reflect on one text that they feel ought to be essential reading for feminists working on global issues, but which is likely to be marginalized by existing disciplinary boundaries: they are invited to bring the text to our attention and to explain why it is essential reading. 'Feminist Classics/Many Voices', by contrast, will include several short appraisals of a book already widely considered a classic for feminists working on global issues. Reviewers will draw on their distinct disciplinary, geographical and personal locations to offer diverse readings of the classic text. Review essays will survey several texts on a single theme, aiming either to explore a recent debate that has generated a range of new publications or to survey the best of the literature covering a more established area of research. The book reviews will provide brief introductions to, and evaluations of, as broad a range of new publications as space allows. Anyone with suggestions for texts to be reviewed, or requests to contribute to the section, is encouraged to contact the new Book Review Editor from Volume 8, Juanita Elias, firstname.lastname@example.com, Politics Division, School of History and Politics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia.


AIMS
For the first time in a clinical sample with alcohol use disorder (AUD), this study compared the effects of two versions of alcohol-specific inhibition training (Alc-IT) on drinking outcomes and on experimental parameters assessing two possible working mechanisms: stimulus devaluation and inhibitory enhancement.

DESIGN
Multicentre, double-blind, three-arm, clinical RCT with 3-, 6- and 12-month follow-up comparing standard Alc-IT, improved Alc-IT, and an active control condition.

SETTING
Three specialized AUD treatment centres in Switzerland.

PARTICIPANTS
N = 242 detoxified, recently abstinent patients with severe AUD (18-60 years; 29.8% female). Intervention and Comparator Both interventions (standard Alc-IT (n=84), improved Alc-IT (n=79)) and the comparator (unspecific inhibition training (n=79)) consisted of six sessions of a modified inhibitory task (Go-NoGo-task) with alcohol-related and neutral stimuli. Both versions of Alc-IT required response inhibition in alcohol-related trials but differed in Go/NoGo-ratios (standard: 50/50; improved: 75/25), with improved Alc-IT posing higher inhibitory demands. The control condition, an unspecific inhibition training, featured alcohol-related pictures in Go- as well as NoGo-trials.

MEASUREMENTS
The primary outcome, percentage of days abstinent, was assessed at 3-month follow-up with a timeline follow-back interview.

FINDINGS
The group receiving improved Alc-IT showed a significantly higher percentage of days abstinent at 3-month follow-up compared with the control group (γcontrol = 74.30 ; γimproved = 85.78 ; β = 11.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.57, 20.40] p = .012, adjusted r2 = .062), while for standard Alc-IT no effect significantly different from zero was detected (γstandard = 70.95 ; β = -3.35 , 95%-CI [-12.20, 5.50], p = .457, adjusted r2 = -.04).

CONCLUSIONS
Alcohol-specific inhibition training with high inhibitory demands increased days abstinent at 3-month follow-up in patients with severe alcohol use disorder. Such an improved, inhibitory-demanding, alcohol-specific inhibition training outperformed the standard version of alcohol-specific inhibition training, suggesting an inhibitory working mechanism.


Cordoba and Fefferman [4] introduced wave packet systems by applying certain collections of dilations, modulations and translations to the Gaussian function in the study of some classes of singular integral operators. In this paper, we introduce the concept of matrix transform M = (αp,q,r,j,k,m) and with the help of matrix transform we study the action of M on f ∈ L(R) and on its wave packet coefficients. Further, we also obtain the tight frame condition for matrix transform of f ∈ L(R) whose wave packet series expansion is known.


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Tight control of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia is crucial for the management of diabetes mellitus. Quercetin was reported to have strong alpha‐glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of quercetin in animal models of diabetes. The effect of the quercetin on the postprandial hyperglycemia was studied in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats (n=12) using a carbohydrate load test. Oral administration of quercetin (100 mg/kg) significantly decreased incremental serum glucose levels at 60 and 90 min (P < 0.05) after an oral ingestion of starch (1 g/kg). The area under the glucose response curve of the quercetin group was significantly reduced compared with that of the control group (p<0.01). The effect of chronic feeding of quercetin was studied in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Four‐week‐old db/db mice (n=14) were fed AIN‐93G diet with and without quercetin (100 mg/kg) for 7 weeks. Consumption of quercetin significantly decreased serum glucose and blood glycated hemoglobin levels compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These results indicate that quercetin is effective in controlling hyperglycemia in animal models of diabetes mellitus. This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF).


Background Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory disorder. Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a thrombotic disorder associated with the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) and increased cardiovascular risk (CVR). Framingham (FRM) and SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) scales are available CVR assessment systems. aGAPSS (adjusted Global AntiphosPholipid Syndrome Score) combine positive APA and CVR factors, which was suggested to determine the thrombotic risk in persistently positive APA (PPAPA) patients. Objectives To determine the role of the thrombotic factors in SLE patients, considering CVR factors and APA. To access the application of different thrombotic risk scales. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 84 patients with SLE followed in an outpatient setting of a Portuguese central hospital was performed. The study evaluated patient gender, current age, age at diagnosis, duration of illness, presence of another autoimmune disease (AID), CVR factors [obesity (OB), diabetes (DB), arterial hypertension (AH), dyslipidaemia (DL), smoking (SM)], presence of APA, treatment, dose and duration of steroids. The FRM, SCORE and aGAPSS scores were calculated. The data was analysed using SPSS and considered significant if p<0.05. Results Table 1 characterises the study population. Male patients had a higher prevalence of AH (p=0.022), DL (p=0.047), and SM (p=0.001), with a risk of 11%–20% in the FRM scale and a risk of 5%–14% in the SCORE (p=0.000). Female patients had a higher presence of another AID (p=0.014) and treatment with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (p=0.014). FRM scale reveals a risk of 11%–20% in the presence of AH and >20% in SM (p=0.001). The SCORE scale reveals a risk of 5%–9% in the presence of AH (p=0.003) and 10%–14% in DL (p=0.024). When the risk is 6%–20% in the FRM scale, the risk is lower in SCORE (p=0.000). APA does not correlate with an increased CVR. All APA are associated with another AID, APS and PPAPA. The aGAPSS associates a score of 7–12 if another AID is present (p=0.000); 4–9 with APS;>7 with PPAPA (p=0.000); 4–6 with DB (p=0.039), DL (p=0.002) and AH (p=0.000);>7 with lupus anticoagulant (LA),>7 with anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and >12 with anti-β−2glycoprotein-I antibody (antiβ2GPI) (p=0.000).Abstract AB0549 – Table 1 Women 74% Current age 52.3±16.2 years Age of diagnosis 44.9±17.4 years Duration of disease 7.2±7.5 years Another AID 30% (APS 60%, Sjögren syndrome 36%) PPAPA 12% CVR AH 42.8%, DL 21.4%, OB 11.9%, DB 10.7%, SM 9.5% APA LA 19%, aCL 15.5%, antiβ2GPI 7.1% Steroid use 61% DMARDs 89% Conclusions This study highlights the existence of thrombotic factors in SLE. Their risk is even more elevated when another AID is present. The FRM and SCORE scales reflects the CVR. In SLE patients both the CVR factors and the presence of APA must be evaluated. Therefore, not only should the FRM scale be calculated, but also the global thrombotic risk, using the aGAPSS, must be accessed. References [1] Sarzi-Puttini P, Atzeni F, Carrabba M. Cardiovascular risk factors in systemic lupus erythematosus and in antiphosphlipid syndrome. Minerva Med2003;94(2):63–70. [2] Sciascia S, Radin M, Sanna G, Cecchi I, Roccatello D, Bertolaccini ML. Clinical utility of the global anti-phospholipid syndrome score for risk stratification: a pooled analysis. Rheumatology2018. Disclosure of Interest None declared


In allusion to the situation of G Oilfield development,seismic,logging and production data were used as a basis,by fine study on the structural characteristics,reservoir characteristics,sedimentary characteristics and reservoir geological rules,the technology of logging constrained seismic inversion in main target layers was used to establish a reservoir geological mode for a reservoir numerical simulation and the analysis of remaining oil distribution.On the basis stated above,it provides a reliable basis for optimizing the development adjustment scheme.


Based on closed-form interference alignment (IA) solutions, a low overhead distributed interference alignment (LOIA) scheme is proposed in this paper for the $K$-user SISO interference channel, and extension to multiple antenna scenario is also considered. Compared with the iterative interference alignment (IIA) algorithm proposed by Gomadam et al., the overhead is greatly reduced. Simulation results show that the IIA algorithm is strictly suboptimal compared with our LOIA algorithm in the overhead-limited scenario.


This paper proposes direct velocity feedback control (DVFC)-based identification along with its application to robust vibration suppression control of flexible structures. At first, a flexible structure is modified by pseudo-passive control which is realized by DVFC. This DVFC behaves just like a mechanical damper if the sensor and actuator are collocated. Next, system identification is applied to the modified structure. Through this procedure, the accurate structure model for vibration suppression control is more easily derived without paying regard to a sampling time, an identification model and its order. Consequently, the uncertainty such as parameter errors and unmodeled dynamics can be expressed. Finally, the effectiveness of this identification method is verified through the experimental results primarily for a typical earthquake loading and additionally for vibration suppression control of a flexible structure.


A microprocessor-controlled active/passive motion compensation system has been developed for deploying a variety of geotechnical in-situ testing devices with mobile drilling rigs from low-cost service vessels. The light-weight rotary heave compensator incorporates a hydraulic motor as the compensator actuator and a servo-controlled closed loop pump to reduce the air storage and power requirements. Unique features of the system are the use of inertial sensors to measure three components of boat motion, the ability to run the system in active/passive or passive modes, and the ability to automatically lower the drillstring at a constant velocity while maintaining motion compensation. Quantitative measurements made during sea trials offshore California yielded motion compensation accuracy approaching 98 percent which is much better than the compensation achieved with passive systems. Results are presented from offshore in-situ testing with a cone penetrometer, a vane shear device, and a suspension PS logger. The system can also be used for other offshore applications.


This study was conducted in Awash National Park (ANP), East Shewa Zone of Oromia National Regional Sate, Ethiopia, aimed at determining the impact of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) on herbaceous diversity. A transect belt of 13.5 km * 0.10 km of parthenium weed infested land was identified for the determination of the impact. Four quadrats were purposively laid every 250 m interval two for infested and two for non-infested each from both sides of the road and a total of 216 quadrats of 2 m x 2 m (4 m 2 ) were considered. A total of 91 species were identified from which five of them were out of the quadrats. All species were categorized into 21 families, from which Poaceae and Fabaceae shared about 40%. The species in the non-infested quadrats were found to be more diverse and even when compared to those of the infested quadrats. Infested quadrats were found to be more abundant and dominant. Tetrapogon tenellus was found the dominant specie in the noninfested quadrats while Parthenium hysterophorus was found dominant in the infested followed by T. tenellus. There was no statistically significant difference between the total stand crop biomass of the infested and noninfested. Parthenium weed have been found creating great challenge on herbaceous plant diversity of ANP.


Computational image aesthetic evaluation is a computable human aesthetic perception and judgment realized by machines, which has a significant impact on a variety of applications such as image advanced search and promotional exhibition of painting arts. Various approaches have been proposed in copious literature trying to solve this challenging problem. However, there have been few attempts in reviewing works from different types of visual arts, due to their significant differences in visual features and aesthetic principles. In this survey, we present a comprehensive listing of the reviewed works on aesthetic assessment of photographs and paintings, mainly highlighting the contributions and innovations of the existing approaches. We firstly introduce aesthetic assessment benchmark datasets in different categories. Then, conventional aesthetic evaluation approaches based on handcrafted features are reviewed. Besides, we systematically evaluate recent deep learning techniques that are useful for developing robust models for aesthetic prediction tasks in scoring, distribution, attribute, and description. Moreover, the possibility of aesthetic-aware color enhancement, recomposition of photo images, and automatic generation of aesthetic-guided art paintings through computational approaches are summarized. Finally, challenges and potential future directions for this field are discussed. We hope that our survey could serve as a comprehensive reference source for future research on computational aesthetics in visual media.


– The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal sale effort deployment under dual-channel distribution which combines a traditional brick and mortar retail channel from the partner retailer and an online direct channel from the manufacturer. , – A sales effort competition game is set up in the dual-channel distribution between the manufacturer and the retailer. Demand under sales efforts is determined based on the consumer valuation, consumer's channel preference and sales efforts. Then, the optimal sales effort deployment is studied with a game theory approach which allow the retailer and the manufacturer to maximize their own profit. , – Consumer's channel preference is a key parameter of the demand assignment in the dual-channel distribution. Interestingly, the optimal sales effort and the profit of the manufacturer and the retailer can be limited by the other's efficiency of sales effort. The finding suggests that the manufacturer and the retailer should collaborate to enhance the efficiency of the sales effort. It also shows that the manufacturer can utilize the direct channel as an important marketing channel even though no profit is obtained through the direct channel. , – This research provides a new method to model the sales effort in the dual-channel distribution. The optimal sales efforts based on the consumer behavior are determined. However, since this study assumes a consistent product price across channels, the results is not applicable for a retailer who can set their own price. , – It is a win-win situation for adoption of the dual-channel distribution although the manufacturer can benefit more. Additionally, direct channel can be used as an effective marketing channel. , – This research contributes to a better understanding of demands in dual-channel distribution under sales efforts. Additionally, the research results provide a useful framework of sales effort deployment under different consumers' channel preferences in the dual-channel distribution.