The article proposes the possibilities of using 3D modeling of externally-recognizable parameters of an unknown person using dermatological parameters of the middle and proximal phalanges of the fingers. The perspectives of the using of the innovative technologies are described, namely: 3D modeling and artificial neural network prediction of anthropometric and anthroposcopic parameters of the unknown person in the context of the modern issues of forensic identification of an unknown person. The purpose of our study was to explore the possibility of the using dermatological parameters of the middle and proximal phalanges of the fingers as inputs data during the reconstruction of the externally- recognizable features of the unknown person in 3D format, as well as to develop a software complex using the multiplatform instrument Unity3d – Dermatogliphyc 3D. Materials of the study were dermatoglyphic patterns of the middle and proximal phalanges of fingers and anthropometric and anthroposcopic parameters obtained from 267 men and women of the age 18-59 years old. The input data obtained from scans of the dermatological parameters of the middle and proximal phalanges of the fingers are processed by neural networks and as a result generated tha predicted anthropometric and anthroposcopic parameters of the unknown person. The received set of externally-recognizeble parameters is processed using Unity3d and the three- dimensional model of the unknown person is generated.


Due to difficulties such as multiple local optima and flat landscape, it is suggested to use global optimization techniques to discover the global optimum of the auxiliary optimization problem of finding good Gaussian Processes (GP) hyperparameters. We investigated the performance of genetic algorithms (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), and covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) for optimizing hyperparameters of GP. The study was performed on two artificial problems and also one real-world problem. From the results, we observe that PSO, CMA-ES, and DE/local-to-best/1 consistently outperformed two variants of GA and DE/rand/1 with per-generation-dither on all problems. In particular, CMA-ES is an attractive method since it is quasi-parameter free and it also demonstrates good exploitative and explorative power on optimizing the hyperparameters.


Holomovement and the Implicate Order ----------------------------------------------------------------------3 Thoughts about Thinking---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Wholeness and the Holomovement--------------------------------------------------------------------------4 The Implicate Order----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Fullness of Empty Space ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 Causal Interpretation of Quantum Theory-----------------------------------------------------------------7


greater forecasting merit than did the respective futures prices, the authors concluded that the hog futures market is semi-strong inefficient. As LH observe, an efficient market has been defined by Fama as one in which prices fully reflect all available information. For any test of the efficient markets hypothesis (EMH) to be operational, one must identify relevant explanatory variables and the specific nature of the linking relation. Thus, any test of the EMH is, at the same time, a test of the postulated model. The LH model has little, if any, basis in theory; therefore, the model itself would be a prime suspect in any test of market efficiency. LH state, "The hog futures prices cannot consistently be relied upon to reflect accurately subsequent spot prices, and thereby the market is not considered efficient." LH have destroyed a straw man; the EMH does not say, imply, or hint that futures prices in an efficient market can be relied upon to reflect subsequent cash prices accurately. Instead, the EMH does state that known information is impounded in current price, so that all desirable characteristics of the investment (usually expected return) are in equilibrium with all undesirable characteristics of the investment (usually covariance of return with that of the market portfolio). Unless returns resulting from the use of a pricing model like that of LH are found to be in excess of returns justified by risk, the EMH cannot reasonably be rejected. Thus, for an appropriate test of market efficiency, it would be necessary to determine whether returns received from trading based on the econometric model exceed normal returns adjusted for risk. As Rendleman and Carabini (p. 913) state, "To determine the extent of the (Treasury Bill Futures) market, it is necessary to assess the significance of the quasi-arbitrage returns that could have been earned." If risk cannot be


TWO different issues relating to the score (S) test are investigated. Firstly, we study the finite sample properties of a number of asymptotically equivalent forms of the S test. From our simulation results we observe that these forms can behave very differently in finite samples. Secondly, we investigate the power properties of the S test and find that it compares favorably to those of the likelihood ratio (LR) test although the former does not use information about the precise forms of the alternatives.


In the present study was investigated the manufacturing of vanadium-containing high-grade cast iron which used blast furnace pig iron, pig iron made from vanadium-containing iron sand, steel scrap, ferro-vanadium alloy and vanadium oxide containing slag as the raw materials. The mechanical properties of this cast iron were made clear, compared with plain high-grade cast iron. Moreover, in the case of vanadium additions to cast iron, the addition of a ferro-vanadium alloy in the furnace resulted in a higher yield than that in the ladle, and by the refining of the vanadium oxide-containing slag and carbon, vanadium was almost completely alloyed. The high carbon cast iron with about 3.4% carbon showed a tensile strength of about 35kg/mm2, when 0.5~0.7% vanadium was contained. (Received December 24, 1965)


The key technology of micropower impulse radar used life-detection lies on how to design antenna.This paper analyses demand to antenna for system.The axial helix antenna is designed and simulated by three-dimensional simulation software——HFSS10 with satisfied results of the gain pattern and the.The final result indicate the helix antenna may achieve system requirements.


The article reveals its own vision of the problem of forming the organizational foundations of innovative investment development of public catering. It has been established that the main directions of such development are the introduction of modern IT technologies in the management and customer service processes; meeting their needs for modern dishes and products. For their successful implementation, a phased solution of a certain range of tasks is necessary based on the developed set of appropriate techniques, approaches and the presence of highly qualified personnel. A positive factor for ensuring the innovation and investment development of public catering is the emergence of the state program for lending to small and medium-sized businesses "Affordable loans of 5-7-9%," which, according to the author, requires some improvement, namely, to specify the loan conditions for creating new jobs introduction of modern resource-saving production and consumption technologies, the formation of a healthy way of eating in the population


A 50-meter flexible superconducting cable model is described, including a copper-stabilized Nb 3 Sn-tape current-carrying core and cable-paper electric insulation of 13 mm total thickness which is submerged in cold helium while under working conditions. The helium-cooled inner channel is 36 mm in diameter and the outer diameter of the current-carrying core is 75 mm. Helium also flows in an annular channel between the outer surface of the core and a corrugated enclosure. The core is incorporated in a flexible cryostating envelope consisting of 4 corrugated enclosures; the two middle pipes form an annular channel for liquid nitrogen which reduces heat leaks to helium. The design of a 110 kV, 12 kA lead was developed to test the flexible superconducting cable model. For d.c. and a.c. tests of the model, a technique of inductive current introduction through a superconducting transformer is offered. A multisection transformer with a superconducting primary of insulated Nb 3 Sn tape was manufactured, the current-carrying core being the secondary. Before assemblying, the sections were tested in a liquid helium cryostat to check the design characteristics and to determine the critical current in the winding. A.C. losses (50 Hz) in the transformer's primary were measured. The cable model was cooled by two improved helium refrigerator plants, HGU-150/4,5. Current tests were performed at a working temperature.


Parallel computations of flow past a perforated plate of porosity 25% at Reynolds number 250 (based on plate width, d and inflow velocity, Uo) is carried out. The effect of aspect ratio is studied with different span-wise lengths of the domain (1d, 3d and 6d). Present results revealed that an aspect ratio of 6d is required to capture the transient wake dynamics. It was found that statistical quantities stemming from aspect ratio 3d and 6d cases agree with each other, though the dynamical behavior of the wake is very different. The signature period doubling effects associated with short constrained domains were visible in the 1d and 3d aspect ratio cases. Enforcing periodic boundary condition along the short span-wise domains may thus adversely affect the flow.


Four new heterometallic coordination polymers have been successfully synthesized, namely, {[Ho(2)(HCAM)(6)Mn(3)(H(2)O)(12)].17.5H(2)O}(n) (1), {[Er(2)(HCAM)(6)Mn(3)(H(2)O)(12)].17.5H(2)O}(n) (2), {[Ho(2)(HCAM)(6)Zn(3)(H(2)O)(12)].26H(2)O}(n) (3), and {[Er(2)(HCAM)(6)Zn(3)(H(2)O)(12)].26H(2)O}(n) (4) (H(3)CAM = chelidamic acid). X-ray crystallographic studies reveal that coordination polymers 1-4 are isostructural and crystallized in the rhombohedral crystal system, space group R3. These compounds comprise a 2D honeycomb-type framework. A 2D water sheet is first found in 3 and 4, which exhibits a novel topological motif. The magnetic results for 1-4 show that ferromagnetic interactions take place between the Ho(3+)/Er(3+) and Mn(2+) ions within 1 and 2.


This paper integrated Gross cognitive process into the HMM (hidden Markov model) emotional regulation method and implemented human-robot emotional interaction with facial expressions and behaviors. Here, energy was the psychological driving force of emotional transition in the cognitive emotional model. The input facial expression was translated into external energy by expression-emotion mapping. Robot's next emotional state was determined by the cognitive energy (the stimulus after cognition) and its own current emotional energy's size and source's position. The two random quantities in emotional transition process—the emotional family and the specific emotional state in the AVS (arousal-valence-stance) 3D space—were used to simulate human emotion selection. The model had been verified by an emotional robot with 10 degrees of freedom and more than 100 kinds of facial expressions. Experimental results show that the emotional regulation model does not simply provide the typical classification and jump in terms of a set of emotional labels but that it operates in a 3D emotional space enabling a wide range of intermediary emotional states to be obtained. So the robot with cognitive emotional regulation model is more intelligent and real; moreover it can give full play to its emotional diversification in the interaction.


The researches were carried out from 2006 to 2008 at Cluj-Napoca (Romania) in laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions, in five experiments. Our aim was to study and use some ecological pest control methods based on indirect and direct strategies: 1) the pest monitoring in vegetable crop ecosystems and useful fauna identification (by visual control, collecting manually, striking method on a tarpaulin); 2) the use of some physicomechanical and biotechnical methods (use of barriers – panels, vases, attractant traps – alimentary, visual, reflective mulching) to control the pests. The harmful and useful fauna in studied ecosystems proved to be very different. All the methods recorded a good efficacy against the pests.


Decision rules for stabilization policy in an open economy are examined under alternative specifications of the balance of payments. In particular, distinction between interest-sensitive debt capital and equity capital which responds to an activity variable alters the comparative static properties of instrument assignment. Various aspects of dynamic adjustment are further investigated in a context in which time is endogenous and in which the decision process minimizes a criterion function. It is shown that traditional one-to-one pairing of targets and controls may be inferior to assignment of clusters of instruments to some targets for specified time intervals.


A laboratory demonstration is described where preparation of a salad vinaigrette is mimicked when a table salt-looking substance is added to a clear vinegar-smelling liquid. Then, when adding a pepper-looking solid, the whole preparation either sparks or bursts into flames. This phenomenon takes advantage of the well-known gas reaction between ethyne and chlorine.


Lake Tanganyika is recognized as a biodiversity "hotspot" due to the large abundance and diversity of organismsAmong the ostracods, cichilid fish, and thiarid gastropods, the majority of these species are endemic (Coulter, 1991). The lake is geologically old, tectonically active and the shoreline has diverse substrate types, which may have contributed to the distribution and evolutionof the endemic species. Our study aimed to test whether the gastropod assemblages, which are known to be patchy in the rocky littoral zone, correlate with physical variables.


Even through e-commence and other online applications are growing rapidly the craze for traditional shopping has never stepped back. One difficulty is to follow up in a queue for the billing process. There, arises a demand for easy and quick payment of bills. The proposed Smart Cart in this paper, is capable of generating bill using IoT along with the mobile cart application. With the use of this mobile application and trolley, customer can make bill payment in no time. The smart cart uses the RFID tag and receiver to scan the product, load cell to prevent theft, LCD display and the Raspberry pi. Along with this the customer can also log in with the mobile app which will display the list of all the products mentioned and their amount. Once done, the customer can pay the bill through the mobile application.


Music can have a positive effect on student reading, and be an enhancement to providing the reader with the necessary entree to the very components necessary for a transaction to occur between the reader and the text, considered important to theorists (2005) state that infants sing around the age of one. By the age of five, a child has acquired a number of songs and demonstrates a singing style which remains through adulthood. Recent research indicates that most studies examining the relationship of music with reading involve primary grades. Many studies involving music and cognition, recall and memory, mood induction, and spatial-temporal development have originated in the fields of Music Therapy, Music Education, Educational Pyschology and Neuroscience. Future research and collaboration across disciplines with educators in Reading will certainly benefit students and teachers. The limitations of research have therefore been limited not solely with regard to age group of readers, but with examination of the effects music might have on emergent reading for native English speakers, comprehension, and fluency. Studies of the effects on student/reader performance have indicated that there is no lack of studies and articles in the fields of Reading and Language Arts discussing the positive effects of music on increased recall,word retrieval, vocabulary development, and phonological awareness. These works, however, are not current (prior to 1996), and many are not research based or proven studies, but based on teachers' classroom experiences using music with reading instruction.. The use of music can affect reader response in an aesthetic stance through a positive change in mood, affect and motivation. For the emergent reader and second language learner, language acquisition is facilitated, and recall, comprehension and fluency are enhanced. The student with emotional difficulties or disorders and/or learning disabilities is given access to a connection to meaning through development of vocabulary, positive memory and recall, thus building on positive prior knowledge. With the use of music, more students find another way to engage in a transaction with text and create meaning. Upon examination of the overall results from the research in the areas of emergent reading, verbal skills and vocabulary development, mood change/induction and reading/academic performance, the use of music proved to be beneficial, enhancing skills areas in reading and affecting positive changes in attitude and mood. In examining the effects of music on reading instruction, there may be potential use in developing language acquisition for emergent readers, second language …


Little is known about the strategies that humans use to estimate the distance of a sound source. Variations in the sound pressure level and changes in the sound induced by its relationship with the acoustic environment have been proposed as important cues in the judgment of the apparent distance of a sound source. However, relatively little attention has been given to the role of frequency spectrum in the determination of auditory distance. In this work, psychophysical experiments on distance perception using auditory stimuli with different spectral characteristics are performed. The first series of experiments show that subjects perceive better the changes in the distance of the source for spectrally complex auditory stimuli compared to pure tones. In the second set of experiments, noise bands with bandwidths located on different parts of the frequency spectrum were used. From this experiment, the minimum bandwidth required for a sound signal in order to preserve information on the distance to the acoust...


ABSTRACT Developing scoring rubrics to evaluate student work was studied, concentrating on the use of intermediate points in rating scales. How scales that allow for intermediate points between defined categories should be constructed and used was explored. In the recent National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) visual arts field test, researchers experimented with several formats for constructing scoring rubrics. Some descriptive graphic rating scales (continuous score scales) were pilot tested by 11 raters who scored the NAEP visual arts test for grades 4 and 8. Descriptive graphic ratings were designed to evaluate 4 test production blocks from the assessment, for a total of 50 pieces of student work. The "Facets" computer software was used to analyze the rating data. Raters were able to use the descriptive rating scales reliably.. Some of the constructed scales were able to support, 7 to 10 rating points rather than the traditional 3 or 4 points. However,c'there-Wa'S little appreciable gain in reliability for scales having more than five points. The particular features of the scale (such as defined midpoint) were not as important as the knowledge, skills, and motivation of the rater. An appendix contains the graphic rating scales. (Contains 2 figures, 11 tables, and 32 references.) (SLD)


The primary difficulty in studying factors of abuse in long-term care is that the level of abuse is not directly observed. Latent variable models allow to make inference about abuse factors using various indicators of the extent of abuse. As such indicators we use reported incidents of perceived abuse obtained in a survey of Michigan families who have a relative in long term care. The survey also provides data on demographic and medical characteristics of each patient. We use this data to construct variables that are commonly believed to be determinants of susceptibility to abuse. We then evaluate statistical and practical significance of such determinants.


This paper gives the realization of differential power analysis attack of the decrypt encrypted circuits with DES.And the paper also gets the key of AES on the Atmel-AES plat by using DPA attacks.The paper confirms the vulnerability of the AES algorithm facing the PDA attacks.And it is very necessary to improve the performance of the anti-DPA attacks of AES.


It is shown that many neurological diseases are caused by the changes of firing patterns induced by bifurcations. Therefore, the bifurcation control may provide a potential therapeutic method of these neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we investigate the Hopf bifurcation control of the Morris-Lecar (ML) model with Homoclinic (Hc) bifurcation type by introducing a dynamic state-feedback control. The results indicate that the linear term can change the ML model from Hc bifurcation type to SNIC bifurcation type without changing the firing patterns. The cooperation of linear and cubic term can transform the ML model from the Hc bifurcation type to the Hopf bifurcation type, resulting in the transformation of firing patterns from type I to type II. Besides, we utilize the Poincare Birkhoff (PB) normal form method to derive the analytical expression of the bifurcation stability index for the controlled ML model with Hc bifurcation type, and the results show that the cubic term can regulate the criticality of the Hopf bifurcation. Numerical simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis.


This paper reviews: (1) Navy sponsorship of pitch graphite fiber development, and (2) assesses the impact of the high thermal conductivity fibers on future Navy applications. Navy exploratory development programs (6.2) have revealed potential applications in advanced systems for graphite fiber reinforced composites: (1) electronic packaging, (2) satellite radiators, and (3) elevated temperature applications such as missiles. Thermal management in these applications can be improved through the development and use of high thermal conductivity graphite fibers.

In electronic packaging, the thermal planes that conductively cool the Standard Electronic Module, Format E (SEM-E) printed wiring board require both high thermal conductivity and thermal expansion matching. For satellite radiators, the graphite fiber reinforced metals offer a zero coefficient of thermal expansion, with maximum specific modulus. The joints between titanium missile structures and their ceramic nose cones require thermal expansion control, but high thermal conductivity is also a distinct advantage.

Pitch graphite fibers are now available with a thermal conductivity of 1000–1100 W/mK and a modulus of 130–140 msi. Significant growth toward the theoretical thermal conductivity of graphite, at 2400 W/mK, is possible. The benefits of these fiber properties are shown for applications that are either thermal expansion or thermal conductivity dependent.


Research on the philosophical presuppositions espinosanos present the hypothesis
formulated by Vygotsky´s work entitled Theory of them emociones: estudio
historico-psychological: the philosophy of Spinoza was not the predecessor of
organismic theory of emotion James-Lange. To do so, we identified the problem
and the hypotheses presented by Vygotsky in that text. Then, we tried to present
the philosophical elements that make up the hypothesis Vygotsky´s critique of
experimental slant that it performs in relation to the James-Lange theory,
described in the next moment the argument about the limits of Vygotsky´s
theoretical framework in this theory. Finally, we sought the mechanisms that
constitute the joint hypothesis of negative.


This paper describes a fabrication of poly (2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate) poly(HEMA) grafted on polyurethane (PU) film prepared by radiation-induced grafting (RIG) copolymerization method using electron beam irradiation for the first time. This method was well known to be fast technique, clean method without involve any chemical initiator, chemically bond the materials, and at the same time is a sterile technique suitable for further potential of biomedical application. This poly(HEMA) grafted on PU film or called as PU-g-poly(HEMA) films was analysed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), water contact angle analyser (WCA), platelet adhesion and clotting time measurement. As the results, poly(HEMA) was confirmed successful grafted on PU based on the shifting of the functional group, no significant changes in surface morphology, lowering the water contact angle from 78.28° to 70.02°, nearly no platelet adhesion and no excessive disturbance of the clotting time was observed. This means that PU-g-poly(HEMA) was improved its hydrophilicity, thus significantly reduced the platelet adhesion and maintain the normal range of time taken for blood to clot. Therefore, the present PU-g-poly(HEMA) films not only improved hydrophilicity, however, was also compatible with blood. Thus, it may be potential candidates in the biomedical devices or new biomaterial useful for future tissue engineering fields.


Background Electroconvulsive therapy is a fast, safe, and effective treatment for severe clinical depression but there is an ongoing search for mechanistic insights. Methods We used a mouse neuro-endocrine model of depression to examine behavioral, cellular, and molecular effects of electroconvulsive stimuli (ECS). Results The behavioral response to repeated ECS correlated with adult neurogenesis, more strongly in the ventral than dorsal hippocampus. Subsequent RNA-seq analysis targeting the ventral subgranular zone (SGZ) delineated ECS-responsive molecular pathways that were shared between naive and depressive-state conditions, and which may represent core biological responses to seizure induction. Other pathways responded to ECS preferentially in the depressive state, suggesting further state- specific mechanisms. By comparing gene set pathways reciprocally altered in depressed-state animals then reversed by ECS, we identified and validated neuro-inflammation as a candidate regulator of the antidepressant response. We further identified 56 novel candidate 'antidepressant response' genes in the ventral SGZ that may contribute to recovery, half of which have been implicated in human neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Conclusions Electroconvulsive stimuli reverse neuro-inflammation in a mouse model of depression. The results offer a detailed molecular characterization of potential SGZ antidepressant response-specific genes and pathways in brain regions implicated in depression.


Introduction The plasma energy confinement and maximum operational plasma !p in tokamaks are strongly limited by the onset of Neoclassical Tearing Modes (NTMs). These modes, stable at low !p, are excited by the reduction of the bootstrap current within the island as a result of a local pressure flattening. The problem of stabilization of magnetic islands has been largely investigated using schemes based on the Electron Cyclotron Current Drive (ECCD) [1]. On the other hand in realistic conditions of operation of high performance tokamaks, the plasma is rotating with a velocity profile that may influence both the equilibrium, through centrifugal force contributions, and the stability of MHD perturbations. Asymmetric deformation of the magnetic islands may arise due to the effect of the stress associated with the sheared viscous flow; the deformation is described by an amplitude correction term and a radially non uniform dephasing factor [2]. We reconsider the reconnection process in rotating plasma considering that the geometric deformations of the island flux contours, due to the sheared flow are equivalent to additional parallel current that affects the island dynamics. A new generalized Rutherford evolution equation is obtained that includes the modifications of the growth time scales and of the helical ECCD efficiency, both depending on the island deformation. The dynamics of the free and controlled system is discussed by an analysis of the region of metastability in the phase space (W, dW/dt). Important consequences are found for the estimate of the value of rf power needed for NTM quenching and for the definition of strategy of control.


Isabelle Lausent-Herrera vient de publier un article sur la communaute chinoise a Lima, au Perou, dans la revue Journal of Chinese Overseas 7 (2011) 69-113.  L'article est disponible gratuitement en ligne pour une duree limitee, mais non precisee... The Chinese quarter established in Lima shortly after the arrival in 1849 of Chinese indenturedlaborers, mainly from the Guangdong province, has gone through significant changes duringits long history. Perhaps the more significant of these have oc...


We give a short overview of some current work on the Borel and the unique continuation property in CR structures and prove that CR functions in minimal integrable CR structures cannot vanish arbitrarily fast.


Background: Several coastal regions in Vietnam have been suffered from salinity intrusion as a consequence of global climate change. However, there are limited studies on saline intrusion in Vietnam. This paper aimed to investigate the salinity intrusion of water and soil samples in paddy fields along Tam Giang lagoon, Thua Thien Hue province and clarify the factors affecting the salinity level. Methods: We measured the salinity concentrations (EC, Electrical conductivity) of water and soil samples in paddy fields at different distances (400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 m) from Tam Giang lagoon. The multiple regression analysis was performed to figure out the factors affecting the salinity concentrations. Result: The salinity concentrations of water were assessed as 48% high saline (10-25 dS m-1), 34% moderately saline (2-10 dS m-1), 2% slightly saline (0.7-2 dS m-1) and 15% non-saline ( less than 0.7 dS m-1). As for surface soil in paddy field, 14.3% moderately saline (4-8 dS m-1), 35.4% slightly saline (2-4 dS m-1) and 50.3% non-saline (0-2 dS m-1) were measured. A significantly positive correlation was found between salinity concentrations of water and soil (n = 175, r = 0.886, p less than 0.01). The distances from salinity sources, Tam Giang lagoon and shrimp pond, were major factors affecting the salinity concentrations. The paddy fields near Tam Giang lagoon and shrimp pond have higher salinity concentrations compared to those areas close to the residential area. The surface water in the paddy field within 1000 m from the salinity source was assessed as saline that might harm the paddy soil and rice production. The results of this study provide highly useful information for local policymakers and farmers about the status of salinity intrusion in paddy land.


1,2,3,4Graduation students, Dept. of Comp. Sc. & Engg., Vasireddy Venkatadri Inst. of Tech., Guntur, AP, India 5Professor, Dept. of Comp. Sc. & Engg., Vasireddy Venkatadri Inst. of Tech., Guntur, AP, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract Emotions possessed by humans can be recognized and has a vast scope of study in the computer vision industry. Emotions can be recognized by various means. Facial expression, body language, voice level, etc. can be used for detection. In this paper we used a model to recognize emotion by facial expressions which play very important role in human communication. Since human face is the richest source of emotion, in which conversations depend much on emotions. There are numerous human-machine interactions. Primary objective of this paper is to develop a system which can analyze the image and recognize the expressions of the person by using Deep learning techniques. These expressions can be derived from System's camera or any existing images available. Limitation of this paper is to recognize only seven emotions viz happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, fear, surprise and neutral.


We demonstrate a thulium doped fiber amplified spontaneous emission sources pumped by a Raman fiber laser at 1579 nm and 1693 nm. A single mode, maximum output power of 550 mW at the center wavelength of 1880 nm with FWHM of 140 nm has been achieved.


In the early 1980s, coagulase-negative staphylococci were recognized as important pathogens causing endovascular infections [1]. Since then, they have been found to be the most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis and other infections of biopolymer devices [2-6]. Although the valve is most frequently contaminated during surgery, cases of coagulasenegative staphylococcal endocarditis have occurred as late infections and on nonprosthetic valves [3]. The microorganisms have also been found to be an important cause of hospitalacquired infective endocarditis [7]; intravascular devices are the source of the endocarditis in approximately one-half of these patients. As we come to associate coagulase-negative staphylococci with prosthetic valve infections, it is important to remember that 5% of infections occur in association with native valves [4].


The automatic topic labeling model aims at generating a sound, interpretable, and meaningful topic label that is used to interpret an LDA-style discovered topic, intending to reduce the cognitive load of end-users while browsing or investigating the topics. In this study, we first introduced the pre-trained language model BERT to topic labeling tasks. It exploits the contextual embedding of the pre-trained language model to improve the quality of encoding sentences. To generate a topic label with higher Relevance, Coverage, and Discrimination, we propose a novel summarization neural framework. Specifically, it exploits the paired-attention to model the relationship between the candidate sentences first and then decides which sentences should be included in the final summarization topic label. Moreover, we expected that high-quality sentence encoding representation could improve our model's performance. So, for each discovered topic, we trained a specific layer to extract the important topic-related features from the sentence embeddings as well as filter the noise information. The experimental results showed that our model significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art and classic topic labeling models.


To the Editor:

The study of noninvasive aortic input impedance by Segers et al1 is a very important step in understanding age-related changes in humans and an advance on previous limited invasive studies conducted decades ago.2,3 One reason that these lapsed was the difficulty in accurately measuring aortic pulsatile flow, attributable to turbulence in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and proximal aorta. Subsequent emphasis was placed on pressure waveforms2,3 after introduction of high fidelity manometers2 and tonometers3 for noninvasive studies.

Segers et al …


Abstract The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of different power modes [constant current (CC), constant voltage (CV) and constant power (CP)] on the structure and corrosion resistance of the plasma electrolytic oxidation ceramic coatings containing Ca and P on AZ91D Mg alloy. The phase composition, morphology and element distribution of the coatings were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The corrosion resistance of the coatings in the simulated body fluid was examined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarisation curve methods. The results showed that the coatings were of porous structure and mainly composed of MgO. The thickness, surface roughness, the size of the surface micropores and the amount of MgO were all increased with the cell voltage under the same power mode or increased in the sequence CV>CC>CP under the different power modes. The corrosion resistance of coatings was related to the structure characteristics, which were determined by different power modes. Among the different power modes, the corrosion resistance of the coatings is generally increased in the sequence CV>CP>CC, and under the same mode, the proper increase in the cell voltage is liable for improving the corrosion resistance of the coatings.


Equations are obtained for determining the temperature independent electrostrictive coefficients of a finite non-piezoelectric ionic crystal composed of point charges on an arbitrary basis. The der...


This keynote address for the 2014 Digital Humanities conference is a practitioner's talk, and—though the abstract belies it—an optimistic one. I take as given the evidence that human beings are irrevocably altering the conditions for life on Earth and that, despite certain unpredictabilities, we live at the cusp of a mass extinction. What is the place of digital humanities (DH) practice in the new social and geological era of the Anthropocene? What are the DH community's most significant responsibilities, and to whom? This talk positions itself in deep time, but strives for a foothold in the vital here-and-now of service to broad publics. From the presentist, emotional aesthetics of Dark Mountain to the arms-length futurism of the Long Now, I dwell on concepts of graceful degradation, preservation, memorialization, apocalypse, ephemerality, and minimal computing. I discuss digital recovery and close reading of texts and artifacts once thought lost forever, and the ways that prosopography, graphesis, and distant reading open new vistas on the longue duree. Can DH develop a practical ethics of resilience and repair? Can it become more humane while working at inhuman scales? Can we resist narratives of progress, and still progress? I wish to open community discussion about the practice of DH, and what to give, in the face of a great hiatus or the end of it all.


Based on conventional consolidated-undrained triaxial tests of normally-consolidate saturated clays,the non-linear equations of pore pressure of normally-consolidate saturated clays is established in this article.And also unique effective stress path is demonstrated to be true of equations of pore pressure under various total stress paths.Besides,based on an engineering case,it proves that the said equations of pore pressure are of some practicability.


Heat exchanger, a gas transport conduit to provide a channel capable of fluid mixture flows, is disposed around the gas transport conduit, a first end, opposite the second end of the first end and parts, a first cap covering the first end, an outer conduit and a second cap covering the second end, and an outer conduit which gas transport conduit passes, outer It passes through the conduit, thereby entering on the outside of the conduit, and a thermally conductive tube which provides a channel capable of circulating the fluid flows out of the outside of the conduit, between the heat conduction pipes and gas transporting conduits in, and a heat conductive tube to form a static fluid chamber containing a static fluid, gas transport conduit from a fluid mixture in gas transport conduits, conduct heat to the static fluid, heat conducting tube, conducting heat to the circulating fluid from the static fluid.


Spoke-type interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines are an attractive topology for high-performance electric motors, especially designed for vehicle traction applications. In this paper, a special design for a spoke-type IPM motor is presented to enhance motor flux-weakening capability in the operation over a wide speed range. The proposed design consists of a simple and robust mechanical device that includes radially displaceable rotor yokes, connected to the shaft by means of springs. At high speed, the centrifugal force prevails over the elastic one due to springs, causing the mobile yokes to displace radially and establish a partial magnetic short circuit between PMs. This increases PM leakage flux and consequently reduces the air-gap field. As a result, a mechanical flux weakening effect is achieved at high speed, which helps significantly to reduce the demagnetizing d-axis current to be injected by the inverter, along with the related copper losses and demagnetization issues. The proposed design is investigated in this paper using an analytical model whose parameters are computed by finite-element analysis. The effectiveness of the solution being set forth is successfully proven by some testing on a laboratory prototype. Experimental results are compared with analytical predictions showing a satisfactory accordance.


Abstract Staphylococcus aureus remains one of the most common and troublesome microorganisms causing disease in humans, despite the development of effective antibiotics. Linezolid is a member of a new class of synthetic antibiotics called oxazolidinones, introduced into therapy due to the increasing resistance of Gram-positive pathogens to traditional antibiotics. Information about the pharmacokinetics and tolerability profile of linezolid in the pediatric population mostly derive from adult studies and especially in the neonatal field relatively few data are available. Here we summarize linezolid's characteristics and report data available in the literature regarding linezolid use in newborns and children. For this purpose, a Medline search was performed between 1990 and 2006 involving the term "linezolid" combined with the terms "newborn", "infant", "child", "pediatrics". Additional information was obtained from Reactions Weekly™.


An insect inquiring system realized by ASP.NET and SQL Server 2000 is introduced. Ways of developing the application program of database, of connecting the client terminal with the server terminal and the use of the system in the mode of B/S are suggested.


Background: Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae , infectious in some cases, and affecting the peripheral nervous system, skin and certain other tissues. Even though leprosy was declared eliminated as a public health problem in India on December 2005, new cases of leprosy continue to appear. Hence a study on clinical profile and deformities in all leprosy cases registered in the last 5 years was done to know the current status of leprosy in this area. Methods: This was a retrospective record-based study of leprosy cases done at Government Medical College, Manjeri, for a period of 5 years from October 2014 to September 2019. Results: 42 cases from the record were included in the study. Maximum cases belonged to the age group of 31 to 40 and males were more than females. 81% of the patients were multibacillary leprosy (MB) and 8 cases belonged to paucibacillary (PB) leprosy. Four child cases were registered as PB cases. Mostly encountered clinical diagnosis was borderline tuberculoid leprosy (23 out of 42) and two had type 1 reaction. Seven patients had deformity of which two had grade 2 deformity and rest had grade 1 deformity. Conclusions: One patient who presented with grade 2 deformity and type 1 reaction was from tribal area indicating low awareness about leprosy among them. More number of cases in the multibacillary group and presence of child cases and deformities reinforces the need for strict surveillance to eradicate leprosy.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the cause of learningstagnation in grammar. Most of grammar learner are reluctant to learn grammar, and make poor achievement. The hearty dislike of learners in grammar is very serious phenomenon. This phenomenon is a clinching evidence which grammar teaching brings to bad effect. In the qualitative approach, especailly phenomenological method, this study gathers data that high school learners write text about their grammar learning experience, and analyzes this data by Nvivo 7 which computer software specialized in qualitative approach. The result of this study is summarized as below ; 〈표 참조〉 Grammar learners are the core component of grammar teaching. If they should not participate in grammar teaching & learning successfully, grammar pedagogy loses the basic presupposition and base.


Purpose
This study aims to propose a two-element multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) antenna for cognitive radio MIMO applications to avoid the complexities involved in reconfigurable antennas and improve the spectrum utilization efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed MIMO antenna system comprises a wideband antenna that operates at 2 GHz–12 GHz for sensing the spectrum and four pairs of antennas for communication, which are single and dual-band antennas. Each pair of antennas meant for communication consists of two similar antennas. Moreover, the antennas meant for communication cover 93% of the bandwidth of the sensing antenna.

Findings
The first pair of antennas accessible at ports P2 and P6 and the second pair of antennas accessible at ports P4 and P8, which are dual-band antennas, operate at 3.05 GHz–3.85 GHz, 5.8 GHz–8 GHz and 2.05 GHz–2.55 GHz, 4.7 GHz–6.1 GHz, respectively. While the third pair of antennas accessible at ports P3 and P7 and the fourth pair of antennas accessible at ports P5 and P9 are single-band antennas and operate at 3.85 GHz–4.7 GHz and 8 GHz–11 GHz, respectively. Minimum isolations of 20 dB and 15 dB are attained between every two similar antennas for communication and between the sensing antenna and the antennas meant for communication, respectively. The correctness of the proposed antenna is verified with a fine match between the results obtained from simulations and measurements.

Originality/value
The proposed MIMO antenna possesses salient features, such as polarization diversity and performing a maximum of four communication tasks when all the white spaces are detected.


Microwave and millimetre-wave reflectometry is a type of radar for diagnosing fusion plasmas. Introduced in the early 1980's reflectometry is now common-place and forms part of the diagnostic suite on all major fusion research devices. Reflectometry has undergone tremendous advances in the last few years, both in hardware development, signal processing and data interpretation. In addition to traditional electron density profile and density fluctuation measurements reflectometry is finding new applications in core MHD localization, plasma position control, plasma rotation measurements via Doppler frequency shifts, and sophisticated systems for turbulence imaging. This article is both a report of the last Reflectometry Workshop, the seventh, and an editorial of the Nuclear Fusion special issue of papers which grew out of the workshop. The special issue includes 21 papers which touch upon practically all aspects of microwave reflectometry, not just the diagnostic developments but also some of the unique applications and physics results obtained. Together, the workshop summary and editorial should give an overview of the current activities and a guide to future trends within the field.


This paper contains a critical review of the simplified method, proposed in the standard EN 1992-1-1 Eurocode 2: Design of Concrete Structures. Part 1-1. General Rules and Rules for Buildings, applied to calculating the width of cracks appearing in bent reinforced concrete sections, where non-linear concrete creep appears. The standard method has been compared with an analytical method improved by the authors with respect to non-linear creep. Using the latter approach, an effect of non-linear creep on deformations of concrete, reinforcement steel and crack widths was analysed. Two numerical examples of calculations of crack widths according to the proposed method were presented.


— The Internet of Things (IoT), currently, is one of the most interesting technology trends. IoT is the foundation and driving force for the development of other scientific fields based on its ability to connect things and the huge amount of data it collects. The IoT Platform is considered the backbone of every IoT architecture that not only allows the transfer of data between user and device but also the feed of high-level applications such as big data or deep learning. As a result, the optimal design of the IoT Platform is a very important issue, which should be carefully considered in many aspects. Although the IoT is applied in multiple domains, there are three indispensable features including (a) data collections, (b) devices and users management, and (c) remote device control. These functions usually come with some requirements, for example, security, high-speed transmission, low energy consumption, reliable data exchange, and scalable systems. In this paper, we propose the IoT Platform,called BMP (Broker-less and Microservice Platform) designed according to microservice and broker-less architecture combined with gRPC protocol to meet the requirements of the three features mentioned above. Our IoT Platform addresses five issues: (1) address the limited processing capacity of devices, (2) reduce energy consumption, (3) speed up transmission rate and enhance the accuracy of the data exchange, (4) improve security mechanisms, and (5) improve the scalability of the system. Moreover, we describe the evaluation to prove the effectiveness of the BMP (i.e., proof-of-concept) in three scenarios. Finally, a source code of the BMP is publicized on the GitHub repository to engage further reproducibility and improvement.


We conduct a carefully-designed random-assignment experiment to investigate whether mild positive affect impacts overconfidence. Our result indicates that, compared to neutral affect, mild positive affect significantly increases overconfidence. This result is robust to various specification checks. Our result has implications for the effect of happiness on overconfidence and the role of emotions in economic decision making, in general. Finally, we reconfirm the ubiquity of overconfidence and start to explore its determinants.


W hen israelis vote, Palestinians do not. But they do get to participate: they can watch. Like the residents of the Palestinian village of Beit Ur alFauqa in the occupied West Bank who get to watch as the ballots cast by their Israeli settler neighbors from Beit Horon are shipped to election headquarters—to the Knesset that Palestinians do not get to vote for (but whose decisions control their lives) on a highway they cannot use (but built on land confiscated from them). Palestinians also get to participate in the legal proceedings of Israeli courts: they get to be convicted. Not much of a surprise, given the clear division of roles in the theater of injustice of military courts. Israelis are always cast as judges, prosecutors and issuers of the military orders under which Palestinians get to play their humble roles as objects for detention, interrogation, prosecution, and conviction. Even when Israelis regulate relative minutiae such as fishing, Palestinians get to participate. Israel recently revised fishing regulations in the Mediterranean, prohibiting fishing near the coastline in order to prevent harm to vulnerable marine habitats. However, along the Gaza coast, Israel imposes restrictions that are the very reverse: Gaza's fishermen are not allowed to go more than a few miles from the coastline. We regulate, they participate. The population registry also has Palestinians participating. While the population registries for Israelis and Palestinians are separate, they are both administered by Israel, which registers not only its own citizens, but also Palestinians (be it in Gaza, the West Bank or East Jerusalem). For some politicians the statistics derived from these registries may make for dreadful demographic scenarios, but nevertheless Palestinians do participate: being born, getting married, from one generation to the next. Israel's planning and building bureaucracy also has Palestinian participation. As far back as 1971—very near the beginning of those infamous fifty years of occupation— Israel cancelled the local planning committees in the West Bank, transferring all such powers to its own hands. Consequently, while Palestinians are not represented in the planning process of their lands, they do get to participate in the outcomes. Their villages are like black holes, places where virtually no new planning can reach, thus rendering their homes and construction illegal. A legally-approved master plan is needed for a hookup to running water. But the masters have other plans. So Palestinians get to participate in the planning process not by getting running water, but rather by getting bulldozed.


Abstract Objective: This study was undertaken to determine whether a policy of delayed pushing for nulliparous women with continuous-infusion epidural analgesia reduces the risk of difficult delivery (cesarean delivery, operative delivery from a midpelvic position, low-pelvic procedures with rotation >45°). Study Design: In this multicenter, randomized, controlled trial women in the delayed pushing group (n = 936) were advised to wait ≥2 hours after full dilatation before commencement of pushing. Women in the early pushing group (n = 926) were advised to commence pushing as soon as they had been randomly assigned. Results: Difficult delivery was reduced with delayed pushing (relative risk, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.66-0.95). The greatest effect was on midpelvic procedures (relative risk, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-0.93). Although there was little evidence for an effect on low-pelvic procedures, spontaneous delivery was more frequent among women who practiced delayed pushing (relative risk, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.18). Abnormal umbilical cord blood pH ( Conclusion: Delayed pushing is an effective strategy to reduce difficult deliveries among nulliparous women. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1165-72.)


The workshop aims to provide a fundamental understanding of the liquefaction process, necessary to the enhancement of liquefaction prediction. The contributions are divided into eight sections, which include: factors affecting liquefaction susceptibility and field studies of liquefaction.


Several important properties of chaos simultaneity of fractionally connect organization remain still unexplored. This paper designes a replacement simultaneity scheme for establish fractionally connect turbulent organization via definite transformations. The proposed simultaneity scheme of fractionally connect turbulent organization are discussed taking connect unified turbulent systems. during this method, we will predict the driven organization behavior beforehand , knowing the driving organization behavior. Simulation results are presented to point out the effectiveness of the proposed scheme


Contemporary public sport governance takes place in a very different context than that of past decades. The public sport governance is comprised of a variety of basic aspects that build its managerial basis - legislative base, funding allocation and long-term strategic development. The research problem presented is the seeming ambiguity of the variety of theoretical aspects of public sport governance that define the real-life practice of various public sport governance systems across countries. The aim of research was to examine and analyze the theoretical aspects of public sport governance and to determine the practical differences through the comparative analysis of the public sport governance systems of the Baltic States and Scotland. The research was conducted using monographic and content analysis method to research the variety of theoretical aspects, while the comparative analysis method was applied to compare the public sport governance cases of the chosen countries. The main results of the research present that the available theoretical aspects of public sport governance enable a practical research to be conducted on a wider and detailed scale. The results proved that even the slightest difference between countries within their legal framework could prove its intention in furthering sport sector's promotion. A definition of the term "public sport governance" was developed and proposed. It could be used in further research of the conceptual and practical understanding within the public governance, policy, sport management, economics and sport law fields as crucial part of the overall public sport governance within the national, regional and international economic framework.


The microbiological quality of 16 different shampoo formulations (manufactured by 16 different factories) and marketed in Jordan was investigated to determine the preservative capacity of these products at the time of sale and after use. Procedures used were according to those described in ISO technical standards. Thirteen (81.25 %) of the formulations studied were found to be free of contamination. One product harbored Escherichia coli and 2 contained Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Total microbial count in the contaminated brands was >10 5 CFU / ml. When the contamination free products were returned after a period of normal use, 7 (53.85 %) harbored variety of gram negative and positive bacteria; high numbers of bacteria were detected in 5 (38.5 %) of the returned products. Cocamide diethanolamide in mineral salts medium supported the growth of P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027, whereas sodium lauryl ether sulphate was not inhibitory at the concentration usually used in shampoo formulations. It is concluded that unless adequately preserved, shampoo ingredients can support the growth of microorganisms known to cause spoilage and / or possible health problems. Manufacturers of shampoos in Jordan need to improve the in use preservation efficacy of their products before gaining the confidence of consumers.


This study assesses interpersonal acceptance-rejection theory's (IPARTheory's) prediction that adults' (both men's and women's) remembrances of parental (both maternal and paternal) rejection in childhood are likely to be associated with adults' fear of intimacy, as mediated by adults' psychological maladjustment and relationship anxiety. The study also assesses the prediction that these associations will not vary significantly by gender, ethnicity, language, culture, or other such defining conditions. To test these predictions a sample of 3,483 young adults in 13 nations responded to the mother and father versions of the Adult Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (short forms), Adult Personality Assessment Questionnaire (short form), the Interpersonal Relationship Anxiety Questionnaire, the Fear of Intimacy Scale, and the Revised Personal Information Form. Results of multigroup analyses showed that adults' remembrances of both maternal and paternal rejection in childhood independently predicted men's and women's fear of intimacy in all 13 countries. However, remembered maternal rejection was a significantly stronger predictor of adults' fear of intimacy than was remembered paternal rejection. Results also confirmed the prediction in all 13 countries and across both genders that both maternal and paternal rejection independently predicted adults' psychological maladjustment and relationship anxiety, which in turn predicted fear of intimacy. In addition, psychological maladjustment partially mediated the relation between remembrances of maternal and paternal rejection, and adults' fear of intimacy in all 13 countries and both genders.


even though the thiol group ismore sensitive than the hydroxyl function to acidic and basicconditions and oxidizing agents. Included among the fewthiol protecting groups described so far is the MOM group.However, to date few procedures have been reported for thepreparation of MOM-protected thiols that do not requirebasic conditions and chloromethyl methyl ether (a carcino-gen) as the substrate. Although there are a few exception37s, an equimolar amount of an acyl halide is needed as anactivating agent


We surveyed nonradial mode properties in evolutionary sequences of RR Lyrae star models, focusing attention on modes that may be driven by the opacity mechanism and on those that may be excited as a consequence of the 1:1 resonance with the radial pulsation. Our survey shows that all RR Lyrae star models share all qualitative properties of the nonradial modes. There is always a large number of unstable low degree modes with frequencies close to unstable radial modes. However, owing to higher mode inertia, for most of nonradial modes the driving rates are much lower than those for radial modes. The exceptions are the strongly trapped (STU) modes which begin with l degrees 7 to 10 (depending on the model) at frequencies somewhat above the fundamental radial mode, and with l = 5 or 6 at frequencies somewhat above the radial mode overtones. We argued that these modes are not likely candidates for identification of oscillations recently detected in some RR Lyrae stars. More likely candidates seem, in spite of their lower driving rates, the l = 1 modes. We found also that parameters which determine the chances of the excitation of nonradial modes through the 1:1 resonance do not vary much over the range of RR Lyrae star parameters. According to our estimate the excitation has a high probability. In fact, some nonradial modes should be excited in the majority of the RRab pulsators and in a significant fraction of (~ 30%) of RRc pulsators. The actual number is likely greater because we ignored the effect of rotation, which increases the probability of resonant excitation. The instability may lead to a periodic light curve modulation, that is to the Blazkho effect , if the nonlinear interaction results in a periodic energy exchange between the radial and the nonradial modes. A light curve modulation may also take place in the case of a constant amplitude limit cycle if the nonradial mode is of low degree and it is not symmetric about the rotation axis. See Dziembowski & Cassisi (1999) for the full paper.


In the arc heated facility LBK a transpiration cooling concept based on porous CMC material was qualified for application in external hypersonic flow, in particular for atmospheric entry. The experimental setup allowed a direct comparison of the thermal behaviour of transpiration cooling to a well-qualified passive thermal protection technology. Tests were performed for different coolants at various flow rates in order to identify the influence on cooling efficiency. Nitrogen, argon and helium were used as coolants. It was found that for a given configuration there is an optimal coolant flow rate for each coolant. These optimal coolant flow rates could be identified and compared for all coolants used.


The radio communication division of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) has recently adopted Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) among the key usage scenarios for IMT-2030/6G. ISAC is envisioned to play a vital role in the upcoming wireless generation standards. In this work, we bring together several paramount and innovative aspects of ISAC technology from a global 6G standardization perspective, including both industrial and academic progress. Specifically, this article provides 6G requirements and ISAC-enabled vision, including various aspects of 6G standardization, benefits of ISAC co-existence, and integration challenges. Moreover, we present key enabling technologies, including intelligent metasurface-aided ISAC, as well as Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) waveform design and interference management for ISAC. Finally, future aspects are discussed to open various research opportunities and challenges on the ISAC technology towards 6G wireless communications.


A prediction method of dynamic stability derivatives for linear equation of motion of unmanned non-tethered submerged vehicle is developed. The prediction method is confirmed in its validity by the corresponding experiment, that is, forced motion test and found to be useful for the initial design stage.


The function of No.7 signaling and application of TUP ISUP are introduced in the paper. The calculational methods are put forward through analysing and deciding the relative parameters.The No.7 signaling link number that needed in different capacity N_ISDN offices are calculated as well.


The high power transmitter active integrated phased array antenna and the rectenna array for the microwave wireless communication and power transmission are demonstrated at 5.8 GHz. The 4 W high power GaAs FET amplifier was developed for the transmitter antenna with the total power of 120 W. The average distance to the rover was 2.5 m. The active integrated phased array antenna with the beam steering function was operated with the 4-bit digital phase shifter by the thin LTCC substrate. In this array, the MSK modulation with the AB-class operation by the high power amplifier was adopted and obtained the BER of 10-6.


This chapter highlights often underestimated links between the fields of minority language (ML) media studies, sociolinguistics and translation studies. In doing so, it seeks to clarify key concepts relating to minority languages, language planning and policy (LPP) and audiovisual translation (AVT). It is hoped that drawing close attention to the past and current experience of minority languages will raise awareness of issues also of relevance to small, and many major languages, since they too are becoming minoritized in a world dominated by global English (Cronin 2003). The discussion is as wide-ranging as possible, within the inevitable space constraints, and draws on examples from around the world, while also addressing the European situation and the case of minority languages within the European Union. In an effort to avoid crude generalizations about minority languages and AVT, attention is drawn to the part played by such relevant variants as the asymmetry between individual language pairs; the implications of translation direction, i.e. translation into versus translation from a minority language; the relative language planning impact of various AVT modes and technologies; and the sociolinguistic needs of specific ML audiences.


Objective
To summarize the experiences of mini-invasive surgery for congenital bladder diverticulum (CBD) by target-guided method of urethral catheter and cystoscope light source in children.

Methods
Retrospective reviews were conducted for age, gender, chief complaint, diverticula size, clinical and urodynamic findings and surgical approaches of 12 CBD patients from January 2006 to January 2016.

Results
All children were successfully operated without any conversion into laparotomy. The average operative duration was 135 (120-160) mins and the average volume of blood loss 40 (20-75) ml. Two cases of bladder calculus were detected. And another two cases of mild vesicoureteral reflux did not undergo ureteral bladder replantation. There was no onset of overt postoperative complications. Two cases were followed up for 3 months and the remainder for 1 year. Re-examinations included urinary culture and urinary ultrasound after 3 months; voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and urodynamic examination after 6 months; urinary ultrasound after 1 year. The follow-up outcomes were excellent.

Conclusions
Congenital bladder diverticulum should be differentiated from lower urinary tract obstruction due to secondary diverticulum. As a gold diagnostic standard, VCUG may be combined with cystoscopy and urodynamic examination for a definite diagnosis. Surgical intervention criteria for congenital bladder diverticula have not been made. Recommended surgical indications include a diverticulum with a diameter of >3 cm or a diverticulum associated with such clinical symptoms as urinary tract infection, dysuria and urinary retention The above targeted method may aid the identification of diverticulum wall of bladder, avoid the damages of ureter, vas deferens, seminal vesicles and pelvic plexus and reduce the occurrences of operative complications during complete removal of diverticulum.

Key words:
Surgical procedures, laparoscopic; Bladder; Diverticulum


Many Open Source Software (OSS) projects are moving form Centralized Version Control (CVC) to Distributed Version Control (DVC). The effect of this shift on project organization and developer collaboration is not well understood. In this paper, we use a theoretical argument to evaluate the appropriateness of using DVC in the context of two very common organization forms in OSS: a dictatorship and a peer group. We find that DVC facilitates large hierarchical communities as well as smaller groups of developers, while CVC allows for consensus-building by a peer group. We also find that the flexibility of DVC systems allows for diverse styles of developer collaboration. With CVC, changes flow up and down (and publicly) via a central repository. In contrast, DVC facilitates collaboration in which work output can flow sideways (and privately) between collaborators, with no repository being inherently more important or central. These sideways flows are a relatively new concept. Developers on the Linux project, who tend to be experienced DVC users, cluster around "sandboxes:" repositories where developers can work together on a particular topic, isolating their changes from other developers. In this work, we focus on two large, mature OSS projects to illustrate these findings. However, we suggest that social media sites like GitHub may engender other original styles of collaboration that deserve further study.


Telemetry checkout station is designed to automatically perform measurements on the vehicle telemetry. Its features include real-time digitizing and computer controlled station setup, data processing, and self-check. The station can handle a wide variety of automatic tests by changing its computer programs.


The influences of the bearing type and the mounting method of the V pulley on the frequency response of a lathe spindle supported by rolling bearings were experimentally investigated, changing the bearing-preload. Also, the magnitude of the maximum negative real part of the receptance was investigated. Based upon the experimental results, it was found that the damping properties of the work-spindle system are largely affected by the type of the main bearing and the mounting method of the pulley. Particularly, the double-row parallel roller bearing is superior to the tapered roller bearing in the first mode of vibration, but inferior to it in the second and third modes. The damping capacity of the spindle is improved by mounting a floating type V pulley on the rear side of the main spindle


Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is evaluated as a quantitative analytical tool for low concentrations of melamine and melamine derivatives in solution. Substantial variations in absolute and relative intensities of SERS bands were encountered using silver sols, which cannot be controlled. Alternatively, it was shown that SERS using a roughened silver electrode, while conditioning the applied potential, permits the acquisition of Raman spectra from electrode spots down to 1 μm in size, and the results of multiple measurements using a hard cathodic cleaning step in between each adsorption experiment gave a relative standard deviation of 15%. The high enhancement factor of the electrode micro-Raman scattering intensity creates a new trace analytical technique for obtaining high-resolution spectra of melamine from dilute aqueous solution (detection limit ∼ 10-7 mol L-1) in the opto-electrochemical cell. As an alternative for the hard cathodic cleaning step, we demonstrated that the cationic surfact...


A model derived from compartmental analysis of assimilate partitioning and export in maize source leaves was used for comparison of growth characters in a series of genotypes. The measurements were performed on fully expanded fourth leaves. The parameters measured were: net photosynthetic rate (PN), carbon flux to starch and size of two sucrose pools (Q1 and Q2), the transfer coefficients between the compartments, the leaf area and the shoot and root dry matter. Photosynthetic rate on a leaf area basis varied slightly (1:1.34). This variation is amplified (1:2.96) when carbon input is expressed on a leaf basis due to great genotypic variability in leaf area (1:2.33). Compartmental analysis showed that the sizes of sucrose compartments (Q1 and Q2) were also genotype dependent. Compartment Q1, which provides sucrose export, was always greater than Q2, which represents a transient storage. The transfer coefficients were rather constant among genotypes, the coefficient representing export (k01) being much higher than the other two (k12 and k21). The proportion of the assimilates which was stored as starch during the light period represented 12-17.5% of the carbon input depending upon the genotype. This percentage of allocation to starch was negatively correlated with growth rate. The correlations between growth rate or total production and each physiological parameter (PN, carbon output from Q1 and Q2, flux toward starch) were in general highly significant (0.75<r<0.94). The correlations were positive except for starch. A multilinear regression analysis showed that two parameters, net photosynthesis per leaf or net output from Q1 associated with carbon flux to starch, provided a nearly total explanation of intergenotypic variance. The results clearly demonstrate that in maize, the differences in net carbon fixation were not sufficient to totally predict growth rate and that knowledge of the additional carbon distribution and export parameters will give a better understanding of the system.


Dr. Dirk Barth, Chief Librarian, Marburg University Library, initiated a model experiment to help visually handicapped students. The proper medium for transforming the book is an important consideration. Text can be recorded on audio cassettes; but graphic representations, such as tactile graphics, large print, or magnified images on a video display, are often more useable. The experiment set up special cataloging rules based upon German cataloging standards. The cataloging information appears within the new medium (cassette, braille, etc.), in the union catalog, and in a special catalog on a personal computer equipped with a braille line. These materials are available for interlibrary loan to other German universities. According to German copyright law, permission is necessary to make sound cassettes. Marburg University has a general agreement with the German Association of Booksellers. The cost of transforming documents has been high and requires coordinating available resources.


IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS OF
READING AT THE EIGHTH GRADE OF SMP NEGERI 1 PALIYAN
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2011/2012
THROUGH THE USE OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING
by
Erma Ady Puspitarini
07202244055
ABSTRACT
This research is aimed to improve the quality of the teaching-learning
process of reading at the eighth grade of SMPN 1 Paliyan in the academic year of
2011/2012. Based on the preliminary observation, there were some problems found.
The students' problems were the students' interaction in the classroom was low, they
also had insufficient vocabulary, and most of them did not actively involve in the
activities and easily got bored in the teaching and learning process. The teacher'
problems were she tended to talk all the time rather than gave opportunities for the
students to give their opinions and ideas. She still used monotonous reading
activities and seldom taught reading strategies. Finally, those problems led the
students to be passive in the reading class. Therefore, the effort made to solve those
problems was by implementing cooperative learning activities in reading class.
This research consisted of two cycles. In doing the research, the researcher
involved 31 students of Class VIIIC, one English teacher as the collaborator, and the
researcher herself. The data were obtained from the observation during the
implementation of the actions, interviews with the students of Class VIIIC, and
discussion with the collaborators. The data were in the form of interview transcripts
and field notes. The validity of the data was obtained by applying democratic
validity, outcome validity, process validity, catalytic validity, and dialogic validity.
The result of this study shows that there is an improvement of students'
active involvement and the teaching-learning process of reading itself. It is shown by
the active involvement and enthusiasm of students in doing the reading activities. In
both cycles, they showed some improvement on participation, interaction,
cooperation and responsibility when doing class and group discussion. In Cycle 1,
the percentage number of the students for participation was 60.21%, for interaction
was 52.68%, for cooperation was 53.76%, and for responsibility was 76.34%. In
Cycle 2, the percentage number of the students for participation was 78.49 %, for
interaction was 79.57%, for cooperation was 94.62%, and for responsibility was
96.77%. Related to the teaching-learning process of reading, the improvement is
shown by the teacher who has taught some reading strategies, gives the students a lot
of opportunities to be active, and applies various activities in reading class. Finally,
it can be concluded that Cooperative Learning activities that has been implemented
in this research is able to solve the problems in the reading class and to improve the
quality of the teaching-learning process of reading as well.


The authors describe the course of experimental trichosporosis in normal and X‐irradiated ICR mice after i.v. inoculation with Trichosporon capitatum. The irradiated animals were considerably more sensitive to infection than normal animals. The LD50 challenge dose used was by approximately two orders lower (1 × 103c.f.u. ml−1) in irradiated mice than in control animals. The histopathological examination of the internal organs of the infected mice demonstrated that the greatest tissue damage was associated with the kidneys, liver and spleen. However, the infectious agent was also found in the heart, lungs and brain. The degree of impairment of the tissues was dependent on the inoculation dose and on the irradiation status. Miconazole (50 mg kg−1) was administered i.p. immediately after inoculation with Ts. capitatum and resulted in an alteration of infection and prolonged survival time. Miconazole was ineffective when challenge dose were used which produced 100% mortality (1 × 106 and 1 × 104 c.f.u. ml−1 for normal and irradiated mice, respectively). With the use of these doses also the course of infection was nearly identical both in the miconazole‐treated and untreated animals.


A numerical algorithm has been developed in order to get reflectors geometry so that the desired flux distribution is approximately obtained. This new method opens up the opportunity to design ad-hoc line-focus solar reflectors for a specific purpose from the required concentrated flux distribution. A new design for PTC reflectors is proposed, getting a quasi-planar distribution around the absorber. This algorithm can also be applied not only to round absorbers in PTC applications but others like flat absorbers useful for concentrated solar photovoltaic/thermal systems. The proposed new reflector geometries will be compared to the classical Eurotrough-type parabolic-trough geometry by means of the intercept factor and the tolerance to absorber displacements respect to the design location. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer review by the scientific conference committee of SolarPACES 2014 under responsibility of PSE AG.


Russia's agrarian south is traditionally considered to be politically "red." Without fail, voters in the South Russian units of the Federation have voted for communists in recent years. However, we have no effective idea of what the residents of the "red" South—for example, the rural zone of Stavropol, a bastion of the CPRF [Communist Party of the Russian Federation]—imagine to be the "ideal" political figure and the "ideal" government. It is unclear exactly how a communist and a noncommu-nist differ in their views of an "ideal" government. To answer these questions, we conducted studies in February 1997 in the Svetlograd and Blagodarensk raions of Stavropol [Krai].


In this paper I examine the notion of ataraxia as present in the pyrrhonian skepticism of Sextus Empiricus. My purpose is to show that, in spite of preserving aspects that seem to be associated with this concept already in Pyrrho's philosophy, it changes substantially and has, at least in the Hypotypes, a fundamental aspect corresponding to an "intellectual" tranquility associated with the suppression of the type of philosophical disturbance that skepticism would remove. I would also like to show that such a peculiarity would allow us to understand how it would relate in a coherent way to the notion of Pyrrhonic skeptical inquiry.In order to achieve it, we also examinate how it is connected with Sextus's conceptions of "philosophical therapy" and "epokhe about all things".


Elder abuse (EA) is a critical social, health, and economic issue worldwide. To date, there is limited information on EA in certain similar culture‐specific subpopulations, especially in East Asia. This study aims to summarize EA incidence in East Asia through a systematic review and meta‐analysis and identify its variations and heterogeneity in the incidence estimates.


With photothermal efficiency higher than traditionally used reduced graphene oxide, while simultaneously being water dispersible, we propose biocompatible Molybdenum Nanoribbons - gold Nanoparticles (MoS2 NR-Au NPs) system for synergistically enhanced photo-thermal ablation of cancerous cells (100% fatality) using NIR radiation (808nm), owing to commendable temperature rise above 70oC at a much faster rate.


Garden pebble moth Evergestis forficalis (L.) (Lepidoptera, Crambidae), was observed on cruciferous plants especially radish, rye and cabbage during August 2019 at Vegetable Research and Demonstration Block of Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar Pauri Garhwal Uttarakhand. The pest was active in the field and the larvae severely infested radish plants. The adult emergence was delayed due to harsh climatic conditions of Bharsar. The adult was seen in December.


Gynecological examination and treatment is one routine work in women health care.This paper summarizes the work patterns and situation of gynecological examination and treatment for rural women in recent years,and puts forward specific countermeasures.


This paper presents the main principles of the trend-based design research process as a tool for design innovation. It is based on the methods created, developed and implemented by the author throughout 20 years of applied professional, real-world experience and academic practice. It revolves around utilizing trend research as a tool rather than as an end, to identify market directions and potential design opportunities, based on tangible manifestations of consumer behavior.


Currently,national economic structure is experiencing a significant transformation.In the context of scientific development,cultural industry will become more and more prominent.Cultural and amusement blocks spreading everywhere is a phenomenon demanding paying attention to.However,there is a big problem relating to scale development.Taking "Nanjing 1912" block as an example,and through analyzing its scale development,the present article tries to provide a new vision to solve the difficulties confronting the development of contemporary cultural and amusement blocks.


Objective To investigate the immune efficacy of canine adenovirus DNA vaccine pVAX1-CpG-Loop.Methods Balb/c mice were immunized with constructed DNA vaccine pVAX1-CpG-Loop in two different immune routes and strategy.Sera from all animals were collected from tail weekly to detect IgG antibody;MTT and CCK-8 cell counting kit were used to evaluate the activity of T lymphocytes proliferation;EIA kit was used to detect the levels of IFN-γ in supernatants of splenocyte.Results Specific IgG antibody against CAV-1 could be detected in mice immunized with recombinant plasmids pVAX1-CpG-Loop.Results of spleen lymphocytes proliferation detection and contents of the IFN-γ indicated that cellular immunological response of experimental groups was higher than that of control group.The immune strategy of recombinant plasmids-protein(prime-boost)showed the advantage in stimulating the cellular immune response over the strategy of recombinant plasmids only.Conclusion The recombinant plasmids pVAX1-CpG-Loop can induce both humoral and cellular-mediated immunity,thus could protect immunized mice from the virus.


"The purpose of this study was to formulate a recommended program to aid in the social integration of Latin-American and Anglo-American children in the secondary schools of Texas. In preparation for the development of this suggested plan, some of the more serious problems involved in the education of Latin-American children in schools designed primarily for the instruction of Anglo-American pupils were studied in available literature, and a set of psychological, sociological, and democratic criteria was formulated to serve as sound principles upon which to base the suggest program."--Leaf 1.


Mucus is a secretion product that occurs almost universally in the animal kingdom and is involved in numerous life processes. Practically all invertebrates, with few exceptions, produce mucus in connection with some vital function. In soft-bodied animals mucus forms a protective covering, attenuating the effects of the environment. It lubricates the body surfaces, facilitating locomotion, allowing slugs and snails to cross unharmed the sharp edge of a razor blade. The protective function of mucus may be specialized to the point of tube-building, as in some marine worms, or of anchoring, as in some sedentary species. The land snail, Helix pomatia, known to gourmets and naturalists since antiquity, secretes a thin parchment-like "operculum" of mucus that helps him survive during the winter. The same species of snail, and other pulmonate terrestrial and aquatic gastropods, respond to irritants by pouring out copious foamy mucus from a special organ (Cuvier, 180.5~ and b) . In other forms of invertebrates, including bivalve molluscs, mucus performs an important role in filter-feeding-selecting and processing food particles (see Yongc, 1926). The clitellum of earthworms, a slime-secreting band in the midportion of the body, is indispensable during copulation and subsequent cocoon formation for the protection of the developing eggs. These are ~ o m e of the facts generally well known to zoologists, but little or no information exists concerning the nature of these various secretions. It is gratifying to learn that the Division of Invertebrate Zoology of the American Society of Zoologiits is sponsoring a session of related papers on "Mucus in Invertebrates" during the Sixteenth International Congress of Zoology, to be held in August 1963 in Washington, D.C. The detailed proceedings will be published in a future Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. It is hoped that studies on mucus and mucus-secreting elements will thus extend to some of the less known species. Fish, covered by mucus-secreting integument, respond to a variety of environmental and pathogenic agents by altering the nature as well as the quantity of their inucous secretions. They also depend on inucus for locomotion, attachment of the young (Brinley and Eulburg, 1953), possibly temporary shelter (Winn, 105.5; Gosline and Brock, 1960), support for developing eggs (Dahlgren, 19281, feeding of the young (Hildemann, 1959), resistance to disease (Hildemann, 1962; O'Rourke, 1961), to invasion by free-living epibiotic protozoa (Nigrelli et al., 195.9, and to metazoan parasites (Nigrelli, 1937). Cnder certain conditions hagfishes are known to produce amazing quantities of mucus (Newby, 1946; Strahan, 1959), and the cohesive properties of readily available slime from one of the Asiatic fresh-water teleosts qualified this secretion as useful material for structural engineering (Antony, 1952).


The European Chaos and Complexity in Organizations Network (ECCON) held its Third Annual Meeting in Guimaraes, Portugal, June 2003, at the very same spot where the First Business Excellence conference was organized. As an outcome of that meeting, this TLO special brings together six ECCON members around the theme of "Chaordic Systems Thinking" (CST), a "new science" lens based in chaos and complexity. The CST framework will be presented, as well as some preliminary explorations into how it might inform a learning organization. Apart from the CST lens, the issue contains chaos‐and‐complexity concepts of learning and the learning organization, a dialogical conversation about the framework and some paper presenting empirical research findings.


The US Army Forces Command (FORSCOM) has tasked Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) as the lead laboratory supporting the US Department of Energy (DOE) Federal Energy Management Program`s (FEMP) mission to identify, evaluate, and assist in acquiring all cost-effective energy projects at Fort Drum. This is a model program PNL is designing for federal customers served by the Niagara Mohawk Power Company (Niagara Mohawk). It will (1) identify and evaluate all electric and fossil fuel cost-effective energy projects; (2) develop a schedule at each installation for project acquisition considering project type, size, timing, capital requirements, as well as energy and dollar savings; and (3) secure 100% of the financing required to implement electric energy efficiency projects from Niagara Mohawk and have Niagara Mohawk procure the necessary contractors to perform detailed audits and install the technologies. This report provides the results of the fossil fuel and electric energy resource opportunity (ERO) assessments performed by PNL at one of Niagara Mohawk`s primary federal facilities, the FORSCOM Fort Drum facility located near Watertown, New York. It is a companion report to Volume 1, the Executive Summary, and Volume 2, the Baseline Detail.


The clinical manifestations of Wilson's disease are believed to be due to the accumulation of toxic amounts of copper within the body. The primary aim of treatment is to remove these, usually by giving chelating agents that will combine with the copper and be excreted in the urine. The most effective of these therapeutic agents is penicillamine (Walshe, 1960), and clinical improvement follows in a high proportion of cases treated with this compound. When the more obvious clinical signs and symptoms have improved or disappeared it is difficult to judge the effectiveness of long-term treatment or to control dosage, and an objective method of assessing the degree of copper depletion is needed. This would be particularly valuable in those cases that are diagnosed from the biochemical findings and the family history, and may be treated with chelating agents before the typical signs have developed. Warren and Broughton (1962) described a case of Wilson's disease that had been successfully treated with D-penicillamine for four years, and they found that the best biochemical index of long-term response to treatment was the basal copper excretion measured on urines collected after penicillamine had been stopped for several days. This paper describes some further basal copper excretion results on this case, and on five others with Wilson's disease, before and after treatment with D-penicillamine.


Objective To study the clnical treatment for defects and deformities in lip buccal region by using different skin flap, skin tube, free skin graft with subdermal vascular plexus and full thickness skin graft. Methods According to the depth and the area of defects, appropriate measurements were employed, which included cross flap of the lip, nasolabial fold skin flap, foreaem free skin flap, free skin graft with subdermal vascular plexus and full thickness skin graft. Results Of 126 cases, 98 cases were cured in the one stage operation, and 28 cases in the two to four stage operation. All kinds of flaps, skin tube and skin grafts survived completely. After correction, 4 cases with mild upper lip ectropion were recovered. Conclusion The repair methods will be choosed according to the degree of defects. If suitable measurements are taken, the function and the apperance of the lip can restore to a natrural condition at the same time. Comparing the color and lustre with normal skin, there is little difference after transplantion of flaps and skin tuge while obvious difference can be obsenrved with skin grafting.


The original cause of the Late Mesozoic tectonic-magmatic and mineragenic activation at the Pre-Cambrian Aldan Shield was the existence of the stagnated oceanic slab in the mantle transitional zone. Dehydration of the slab rocks (especially those on its boundaries) and accompanying events promoted the lower mantle derivatives to be involved into the ascending upper mantle flows (plumes) and favored the formation of the productive ore-magmatic systems.


Bedard, D. L. et al., Applied and Environmental Microbi ology, 51(4), pp. 761-768, Apr. 1986. Kensuke Furukawa, "Microbial Degradation of Polychlori nated Biphenyls (PCBs)." Biodegradation and Defoxifica tion of Environmental Pollutants, Chapter 2, pp. 33-57. D. Kamely, A. Chakrabarty, and G. S. Omenn, "Bacterial Transformation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls," Biotechnol ogy and Biodegradation, vol. 4, 1990, pp. 369-388. Michael P. Shiars, "Seasonal Biotransformation of Naphtha lene, Phenanthrene, and Benzo(a)pyrene in Surficial Estua rine Sediments,' Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Jun. 1989, pp. 1391–1399. Susan C. Wilson & Kevin C. Jones, "Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated with Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): A Review,' Environmental Pollution, vol. 81, 1993, pp. 229-249. Kap S. Park et al., "Fate of PAH Compounds in Two Soil Types: Influence of Volatilization, Abiotic Loss and Biologi cal Activity," Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol. 9, 1990, pp. 187-195.


In order to realize the real-time dynamic,effective statistics of regional human traffic,this paper proposed a method of traffic monitoring based on the existing network mobile network signaling data. The existing network mobile signaling data was with the advantages of large sample size,covering a wide range,stable and reliable data. By making full use of the advantage and combined with GIS technology,the way achieved the purpose of intelligent statistics to custom area real human traffic through the analysis of the related fields of cell phone signaling data mining. Through the application of Beijing mobile signal processing platform,the test result of this method comes out to be accuracy and validity.


ABSTRACT: The role of electrolyte, carbohydrate, and base composition, as well as osmolality, of oral hydration solutions (OHS), was investigated using a nonabsorbable marker and tritiated water in an in vivo intestinal perfusion system in rats. The OHS tested were the World Health Organization recommended formula, containing 90 mEq/ liter sodium and 111 mM glucose, which was taken as the reference solution; five variants of this solution with different sodium and glucose concentrations; and two solutions without sodium, i.e. isotonic glucose and deionized water. Also tested were one solution with acetate in lieu of bicarbonate, and two commercial preparations where citrate substituted for bicarbonate. The best water absorption rates were obtained with World Health Organization-type OHS characterized by a combination of low osmolality and moderate sodium and glucose content. Hypotonic OHS (190, 220, and 155 mosmol/kg) in which the sodium: glucose ratios were 60:30, 60:60, and 30:55, respectively, produced mean jejunal water transport rates of 3.46, 3.20, and 2.91 μl/min/cm, respectively, whereas the standard World Health Organization OHS (330 mosmol/kg) resulted in a rate of 1.36 μl/min/cm (p <0.001). Similar good water absorption was achieved when Ac was the base (270 mosmol/kg and 60:111 sodium:glucose ratio) and with one of the commercial solutions (245 mosmol/kg and 50:111 sodium:glucose ratio). The reference World Health Organization OHS allowed for sodium absorption, as did the OHS with sodium:glucose ratios of 90:45,60:30,60:60, and acetate-containing 60:111. Sodium at a concentration of 30 mEq/liter or less resulted in the efflux of this electrolyte. High glucose concentration and lower osmolality exacerbated this effect. The results obtained in this investigation may assist in better evaluating OHS and in selecting modified formulae geared to specific hydration needs and possible replacement of water and sodium losses.


The uridine insertion/deletion editing complex, which we have termed the L-complex, is composed of at least 16 polypeptides stabilized entirely by protein-protein interactions. Three L-complex proteins contain zinc finger motifs that could be involved in these interactions. In Leishmania these proteins are labeled LC-1, LC-4, and LC-7b, and the orthologs in Trypanosoma brucei are labeled MP81, MP63, and MP42. Overexpression of TAP-tagged LC-4 in Leishmania tarentolae led to a partial localization of the protein in the L-complex together with the endogenous LC-4 protein, suggesting at least a dimeric organization. Disruption of zinc fingers 1 or 2 (ZnF-1 and ZnF-2) in the tagged LC-4 protein was performed by mutation of the two zinc-binding cysteines to glycines. Disruption of ZnF-1 led to a partial growth defect and a substantive breakdown of the L-complex, whereas disruption of ZnF-2 had no effect on cell growth and caused a partial breakdown of the L-complex. A close interaction of LC-4 with 2–4 proteins, including REL1 (RNA ligase) and LC-3, was suggested by chemical crosslinking and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Our results suggest that both ZnF-1 and ZnF-2 in LC-4 play a role in protein-protein interactions and indicate that the LC-4 subcomplex may be required for formation or stability of the entire L-complex.