The product rotational alignment 〈P2(Ĵ′'k̂)〉 ) -0.35( 0.04,-0.15( 0.02 for CaCl(B), CaCl(A) are obtained from Ca+ NOCl chemiluminescent reactions, respectively. The experiments are carried out under single collision conditions in a beam -gas apparatus. Quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations for Ca + NOCl reaction have been carried out. The calculated results agree well with the experimental ones. The strong product alignments for the reactions are attributed to attractive potential surfaces. It is plausible that the difference of the rotational alignment between the A 2Π and B2Σ states of the products is due to their different potential energy surfaces (PESs).


"A book of major proportions for scholars, librarians, and children's book connoisseurs interested in an enthusiastic, meticulously researched presentation. The bibliography, divided into primary and secondary sources, is a valuable resource in itself, and the graphics make delectable browsing." - "The Library Quarterly". "An outstanding contribution to a growing and important field. The author is thoroughly acquainted with the increasing literature on literacy itself as well as with Anglo-Saxon literature and history. His learning in these areas is remarkable." - Brian Stock, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. At the close of the ninth century Alfred the Great lamented the decay of teaming in England and proposed a program of official translations and scholarly study to set his country back on the path of intellectual inquiry. In his Preface to Pope Gregory's "Pastoral Care", Alfred equated a knowledge of texts with the right governance of self and state. That document, rich in the history of Anglo-Saxon England and suggestive of the uses of literacy, has long been a canonical text in the teaching of the Old English language, and it begins Seth Lerer's study of the place of texts in the construction of the Anglo-Saxon literary imagination. "Beowulf", the "Old English Daniel", Bede's "Ecclesiastical History", the "Exeter Book Riddles"-all contain scenes of reading and writing, moments of self-conscious inscription and decipherment that have the power to alter the reader's conception of the mythical and historical, the commonplace and the fantastic. Lerer analyzes these scenes, which, taken in sequence, contribute to a reassessment of Old English literature, its nature and social function. He seeks to understand the workings of the lit-erate imagination in the history and fiction of the Anglo-Saxons. In the course of the book he addresses questions about how a Christian literature evokes its pagan past; about the nature of authority in Anglo-Saxon history, politics, and literature; and he considers how scholarly approaches to these questions-whether by medieval or by modern readers-create canons of literary history. "Literacy and Power in Anglo-Saxon Literature" is the first book-length study to consider the construction of an early English cultural mythology of writing. Lerer's philological and historical explication of the texts provides new approaches for assessing representations of reading and writing in pre-Conquest literature. His book is a timely and provocative addition to medieval studies. Seth Lerer, a professor of English at Stanford University, is the author of "Boethius and Dialogue: Literary Method in the Consolation of Philosophy" (1985) and of articles on a variety of medieval literary topics.


The Maastrichtian sediments of Anambra Basin, south western Nigeria was studied for grain characteristics and maturity of the sediments, so that by combining sedimentological characteristics, maturity and its paleoenvironment of deposition of the Ajali sandstone, in order to ascertain the aquifer properties of the groundwater within the study area and by extension the availability of drinking water for both the urban and rural settlers. Grain size analysis (51 samples) and heavy mineral analysis (15 samples each) were analyzed. The textural parameters show that the Sandstone are medium sand, poorly to moderately sorted, coarse to strongly coarse skewed with mesokurtic to leptokurtic grains. The heavy minerals present in lithologic sand and sandstone units of Ajali Formation are mainly zircon, rutile, tourmaline, apatite, staurolite, and opaque minerals (Goethite, hematite, ilmenite), these heavy minerals found in the sandstone are associated with igneous and metamorphic source which indicates that these maastritchian sediments are from basement complex rock The ZTR index of 67.96% and the values of the kurtosis indicates a sub-mature sandstone to mature sandstone, which gives an excellent aquifer properties. Also, the paleoenvironment of deposition of the Maastrichtian sediments is Fluvial. The sand and sandstone bodies deposited in a fluvial system have sheet-like geometries and due to the differences in the extent of aquifer compartmentalization, Sandstone deposited in fluvial environment normally has better hydraulic conductivity which again reveals a good aquifer property. The sedimentological characteristics for the Sandstone exposed at Fugar and environs, is a coarsening upward sequence (increasing grain sizes) with a progressive increase in sorting. since hydraulic conductivity increases with increasing grain sizes and sorting, hence, excellent aquifer characteristics for the groundwater within the study area. The foregoing revealed that the aquifer geometry and properties of the study areas is favourable for the availability of drinking water for both the Urban and rural dwellers within these communities. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v24i11.7 Copyright: Copyright © 2020 Ilevbare and Imasuen. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCL), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Dates: Received: 20 September 2020; Revised: 29 October 2020; Accepted: 10 November 2020


A preliminary analysis has been conducted to examine the tau neutrino mass using τ → 5π ντ events from Delphi LEP 1 data. This has been performed using the recently developed Integrated DElphi Analysis framework (IDEA), the testing and evaluation of which was a motivation for this project. The physics of obtaining a limit on the tau neutrino mass is briefly described, with a discussion of the channels available for this. The IDEA project and its aims are summarised, and an overview of the code developed for this analysis given. The procedure used to select the required events is examined, and improvements considered. Finally, the analysis of the selected events, using ROOT, is described, including the fitting process. A very preliminary upper limit on the tau neutrino mass is obtained, of ντ . 135 MeV, with 90% confidence. work done as a summer student in the Delphi group at CERN, Geneva, from 26th June to 14th September 2001. Supervised by D. W. Reid. Full version. email@example.com 1 The tau neutrino mass, ντ The question of whether or not neutrinos have mass is an important one. The current Standard Model requires massless neutrinos, and the possibility that this may not be the case, even if their mass is very small, requires the development of new fundamental theories. It also has implications for cosmology, as massive neutrinos may account for some of the 'dark matter' observed in the universe. Assuming the mass hierarchy of the three families applies across all particle types, then if they have a mass, the tau neutrino is the heaviest of the neutrinos. This suggests that the tau may be the easiest neutrino for which to demonstrate a non-zero mass. Cosmological constraints [1, 5] allow an unstable ντ with mass of the order of 10-20 MeV, or a stable ντ with sub-MeV mass. An unstable ντ is a strong possibility, and so accelerator experiments, giving limits on the order of tens of MeV, are useful. In these accelerator experiments, weak decays of the τ lepton are examined, and the kinematical variables extracted analysed to give confidence intervals for the ντ mass. The τ may decay into lighter leptons (e and μ) or an odd number of charged hadrons plus neutrals. The channels with single charged products are difficult to identify in a detector and have backgrounds too large for them to be useful. The 3and 5-charged particle channels are far more identifiable. Decays to multiple leptons or more than 5 charged hadrons are very rare (decay channels and branching ratios are listed in the Review of Particle Physics [2]). Therefore, the channels available for analysis are decays to 3 or 5 charged hadrons plus neutrals. Most of the hadrons produced in τ decays are pions, with a small number of kaons and very few more exotic hadrons. The 3-prong decay has a reasonable branching ratio, but many of the events do not give significant information on the tau neutrino mass. Conversely, the 5-prong channel has mostly statistically useful events, but suffers from a very low branching ratio. 2 Integrated DElphi Analysis framework


WITHIN THE TRADITIONAL framework of the physician-patient relationship, the primary concern of the physician is usually the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a presenting problem. Underlying basic assumptions that are generally accepted are (a) responsible understanding by the patient of the medical advice given and (b) sufficient motivation for compliance with the physician's instructions because of the patient's desire to recover and stay well. Consequently, the area of specific educational mode and content; assessment of the patient's level of comprehension, ability or capability to concur or comply, or both; and recognition of the barriers to that end have received little attention. Thus, any determination of the patient's insights and educational needs before the possibility of any desirable behavioral change may have been overlooked or relegated to an office nurse, a family member, or a community resource. Recently, with more awareness of this distinction between medical advice and instructions and the patient's level of understanding and concomitant desire to comply, there has been an increasing use of audiovisual instructional aids in physician's examining offices and outpatient waiting rooms (1,2). Additionally, the trend today is toward more emphasis on the preventive and health maintenance aspects of medical care. The Oakland, Calif., facility of the Kaiser-Permanente Medical Care Program is a large prepaid group practice in an urban, ambulatory setting. A pilot program was developed at this facility to actualize a concept of a more rationally organized medical care delivery system (3) through allocation of medical resources according to needs of patients as detected by a health testing service. Within this system (fig. 1), incoming patients are triaged to sick care for discovered illness, to preventive maintenance care for early or asymptomatic disease, and to health care for health protection and maintenance information. A health library for patients was conceived as a subcomponent of health care which would enhance learning about health and disease; it has been developed as an integral part of the comprehensive delivery system.


Precision of filter rod circumference is an important performance index of the cigarette manufacturing. The forming mechanism of filter rod, equipment vibration and other interference factors all lead to fluctuations of precision of filter rod circumference which can affect the precision of the cigarette. The existing KDF2/3 filter rod making machine which has the characteristics of compact structure (small space dimension), high speed (300 m/min) and discrete control of precision of filter rod circumference is the core equipment of filter rod production. This paper puts forward four kinds of online real-time detection schemes on precision of filter rod circumference which are Aomeijia's many groups of detectors scheme, Keyence's contour detection scheme, high precision measuring diameter instrument detection scheme using multiple sets of KD series meter and the 360 degrees rotating survey meter. On the basis of extensive analysis and experimental validation, Aomeijia's four-way diameter measuring instrument scheme is optimal. The scheme applies laser to non-contact high speed scan on key radial diameter size of filter rod which achieves 0.001mm high precision detection.


Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of malignant hematological disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and a risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MDS arises from mutations and chromosomal aberrations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) leading to their clonal expansion and a dysfunction in their maturation. The most frequent chromosomal lesion in MDS is a heterozygous deletion on the long arm of chromosome 5. Following the hypothesis that this region encodes a key tumor suppressor gene, cytogenetic and high-resolution genomic profiling studies of a large patient cohort have defined two commonly deleted regions (CDRs). Remarkably, for both CDRs, no mutation has been reported on the remaining, intact allele excluding the presence of a classical tumor suppressor that requires the inactivation or loss of both copies. Despite extensive efforts, the identity of the predicted, most likely gene dosage insufficient tumor suppressor remains obscure.
In this study, I investigated the tumor suppressor function of the α-Catenin-encoding gene CTNNA1 located in the center of the proximal CDR. I employed a competitive reconstitution approach using RNAi in murine HSPCs to test the gene dosage reduction of α-Catenin in vivo. As well, using a reciprocal approach, I assessed the effect of α-Catenin re-expression in a leukemia cell line with a deletion on chromosome 5 encompassing the CTNNA1 locus.
First, I showed that one out of 8 shRNA encoding vectors mediated a reduced Ctnna1 expression that conveyed a clonal advantage to the transplanted HSPCs leading ultimately to a myeloid malignancy in vivo. The affected cells showed both self-renewal and long-term repopulation ability, since their clonal dominance was retained in recipient mice for more than six months after transplantation as well as upon secondary transplantation. To implement the frequent co-occurrence of inactivating TP53 mutations with 5q deletions in MDS patients, I performed a competitive reconstitution experiment with HSPCs expressing no Tp53 and reduced Ctnna1 levels. The inactivation of Tp53 conferred an additive effect compared to the clonal dominance of the HSPC with low Ctnna1 expression alone and caused an earlier onset of death of transplanted mice. Thus, my work provides the first functional evidence for α-Catenin as a gene dosage insufficient tumor suppressor in myeloid malignancies in vivo. To further analyze the observed phenotype, I cultivated primary bone marrow cells with RNAi-mediated knockdown of Ctnna1. The downregulation of Ctnna1 using one specific RNAi vector led to the survival, proliferation and immortalization of the cells in vitro.
While downregulation of Ctnna1 in murine hematopoietic cells invoked a growth and survival advantage, I could show that in HL60 cells, a model cell line for myeloid malignancies with deletion of chromosome 5q, re-expression of CTNNA1 strongly impaired the cell growth. In addition, the cells showed upregulation of differentiation markers. In conclusion, my study revealed key aspects of the tumor suppressive activity of CTNNA1 in hematopoietic cells based on in vivo and complementary in vitro studies.


Strontium- and magnesium-doped lanthanum gallate (LSGM) due to its high ionic conductivity and chemical stability over a wide range of oxygen partial pressures and temperatures has been considered as an alternative electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems. Mechanical properties of LSGM electrolyte layer however need to be well studied. An overview of mechanical behavior of LSGM on an all-perovskite SOFC is presented in this work. Dense La0.8 Sr0.2 Ga0.7 Mg0.3 O2.8 electrolyte pellets were studied. Mechanical properties, such as hardness, elastic modulus, fracture toughness, and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the electrolyte pellets at different sintering temperatures were measured and correlated with the SEM morphological characterization. Samples sintered for 2h at 1500°C demonstrated slightly enhanced mechanical properties than those sintered at 1450°C and 1400°C.Copyright © 2008 by ASME


Public Health
Measles is highly infectious and can be dangerous. The classic 1968 vaccine is highly effective, and it should be possible to eliminate measles. Graham et al. found that measles transmission changes as vaccination coverage and birth rates (that is, the rate of arrival of susceptible individuals into the population) change in a country in response to socioeconomic variables. As a result, measles everywhere follows the canonical mode of decline in response to vaccination campaigns. Incidence is initially high, and variability is low. As incidence declines, variability increases, and as incidence drops toward elimination, so does variability. It is possible to identify countries that are deviating from this expectation and to adapt their vaccination programs to regain the path to elimination.

Science , this issue p. [584][1]

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aau6299


Objective:To investigate the drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii infection and instruct usage of antibacterial medicine rationally.Methods:Making an assay on the antibiotic resistance from all the patients from 2008-05 to 2010-02.Results:67 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated.In the distribution of hospital departments intensive care unit(ICU)was the highest,occupying 44.8%(30/67);The sputum sample of patients was most,occupying 83.6%(56/67).Conclusion: Acinetobacter baumannii show diversely


Optical gating techniques provide an important method for the non-destructive evaluation of a number of different transparent, translucent, and even highly scattering materials. We have used optical coherence tomography with 1.3 micrometers wavelength light to probe the subsurface region of ceramic, diamond film, single crystal silicon carbide, and other samples. We have demonstrated sample penetration depths of 100 to 1300 micrometers . We have achieved lateral spatial resolutions of 5 micrometers and depth resolutions of 10 micrometers . We have developed scanning techniques that allow planes in the sample to be imaged in less than 1 second and we have extended the scanning capabilities to allow for scanning over spherical convex or concave surfaces.


The popularity of developer support forums is rising. Although open-source knowledge is a precious resource for many developers, there may be challenges with the standard of the information obtained. The advancement of semantic segmentation systems has expanded quickly in response to the unprecedented growth of digital resources. The quality of questions, comments, answers, and views are difficult to distinguish on the Q&A platforms like Stack Overflow, Bloom Fire, Answer Hub, Quora, Yahoo, etc. The automatic extraction of expressive features is made possible by recently developed machine learning algorithms, which take advantage of the most important innovations in advanced learning techniques. The technological increase in these approaches has spawned a wide range of approaches for encoding natural language into machine-interpretable data. In this paper, an in-depth examination of these methodologies used to solve quality-related problems is done. Algorithms like Logistic Regression, Multiple Linear Regression, Fully CNN, Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, FastText Classifier, and BiLSTM are studied and analyzed. Lastly, a relative analysis is achieved primarily focused totally on innovative consequences obtained from specific methods.


This observation was conducted in order to review fire ignition times and temperatures of four different mediums of countertops. The purpose was to review the mediums and fire ignition patterns to suggest a medium for homes as correlated to kitchen related fires. In 2016, there were approximately 1,342,000 fires reported in the United States (Fires in the U.S, n.d.). As a result of these fires, 3,390 were fatalities, 14,650 civilian injuries, and $10.6 billion in property damage (Fires in the U.S, n.d.). One structure fire was reported approximately every 90 seconds. Unattended cooking is the leading factor in accidental home fires. Due to limitations, the significance of medium suggested, is minimum. The findings support use of man-made quarts or organic marble for homes allowing additional time to extinguish the fire or remove all parties to safety, while also allowing additional time for first responders. Further research in the area of forensic fire investigations and countertops is warranted to formulize the findings.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the addition of the prebiotic mannan oligosaccharide (MOS 0.2%), probiotic ( Bacillus subtilis 30g/ton) and antibiotic (Bacitracin zinc 125g/ton) to piglets' feed in the post-weaning phase. Eighty (Danbread x Agroceres) pigs were used, that is, 40 males and 40 females, with initial weight of 7.1 ± 0.0175 kg. A randomized block design was used with four treatments and five replicates: 1 - Control; 2 - Prebiotic; 3 - Probiotic; 4 - Antibiotic. The variables evaluated were average daily gain (ADG), daily feed intake (DFI), feed conversion (FC) fecal consistency and leukocyte count. At 43 days of age, the animals presented the same weight gain (P> 0.05); however, there was increased intake of the diet containing prebiotic (P> 0.05), and feed conversion was better for control diet (P 0.05), daily feed intake (P> 0.05) and feed conversion (P> 0.05), and also no differences in fecal consistency (P> 0.05). The number of leukocytes increased at 32 days of age when the diets containing prebiotics and probiotics were used (P> 0.05). The diet containing prebiotics increased the number of monocytes (P 0.05), the diets promoted no changes in the immunoglobulins IgA, IgM and IgG (P> 0.05). The use of prebiotics, probiotics and antibiotics did not influence the animals' performance from 22 to 54 days of age. Keywords : additives; fecal consistency; immunoglobulins; pigs.


This research aimed to design and develop a mobile-website mixed business model and smartphone based mobile application for the purpose of mobile fashion content distribution. We have implemented a mobile interface and trading system supporting self production of content, use, share, and user`s self-up. And we proposed its market access strategy for the expansion of fashion contents transactions. To do this, the existing status of research and benchmarking for mobile app of fashion contents related were studied. As a result of the study, Android, iOS-based mobile applications were developed, but there are some business problems such as low awareness, low entry barriers, and the poor fashion content compared to the size of industry. Because this system provide the fashion contents of affiliated companies to users, it needs to expand cooperation and to promote the partnership with fashion blog, cafes, and fashion magazines.


While entering the era of More than Moore by reducing the geometrical dimensions for FET devices to accommodate more components on a single chip, short channel effects (SCEs) like higher leakage currents, Drain Induced Barrier lowering (DIBL), etc., create a major hindrance. Employing high-k dielectrics as gate oxide is being a meticulous approach today on attaining an enhanced device. The objective of this work is to develop and characterize a 14 nm gate length Tri-Gate n -FinFET device and compare the effects of short channel parameters. This is achieved by replacing the SiO 2 gate oxide with various high-k dielectric materials like Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 and HfO 2 . Here, the 14 nm gate length Tri-Gate n -FinFET device is developed and modelled using SILVACO TCAD tools. The SOI structure is also implemented here for bet-terment in device performance. Multiple devices are developed with varied gate oxides of SiO 2 and other high-k dielectrics like Si 3 N 4 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 and HfO 2 as the gate dielectric material considering the equivalent oxide thickness calculation on the same structure. The short channel device parameters such as threshold voltage, I on current, I off current, subthreshold slope, DIBL, and I on / I off current ratio were systematically analyzed for different devices. The comparison of different developed devices showed that the I on current was almost the same for all the devices. However, the I off current reduced with increasing dielectric constants thereby increasing the I on / I off ratio which led to lower leakage currents and better device performance. Similarly, the devices which comprised of higher dielectric constants had lower subthreshold swings and lower DIBL values leading to reduction in SCEs. Thus, the 14 nm gate length Tri-Gate n -FinFET device was developed and modelled successfully, and the results showed improved SCEs of the developed device by using HfO 2 dielectrics with reduced chip area.


Court judgments of difficult and sometimes impossible interpretation happen quite often. What to do about them after the expiration of the term allowed for appeal? "Sentenca obscura e trânsito em julgado" ("Obscure ruling and res judicata") offers an original approach by addressing the issue of the opacity in judicial decisions from the standpoint of a closed process. In a clear and detailed text, the author defines distinct degrees of obscurity, and proposes the legal treatment suitable for each of them. The reader will find here a reliable guide for the most difficult cases and an excellent starting point for related topics.


This study was performed to depict the anatomical changes in apical meristems in order to determine the flower initiation and development of Iranian lily (Lilium ledebourii). Observations carried out by scanning electron microscope (SEM) on groups of bulbs with different age and size showed that only large (≥55 g and ≥6 cm in diameter) 9-year-old and older bulbs expressed flowering transition, abandoning the juvenile condition. The switch from vegetative to reproductive in the apical meristem was characterized by flattening its dome. Flower initiation started between 10 and 20 days after planting, once the bulbs have passed a period of vernalization of two months at 3°C. The first hint of floral organ definition was noted 30 to 50 days after planting when the outer perianths started to grow followed by inner perianths in a pattern of 3−3. After complementation of flower formation by stamen and pistil appearance and development, flower abortion occurred in some bulbs 30 days after flower initiation. Flower bud abortion could not be linked to the bulb size. Identification of the exact time of flower initiation will be useful to provide proper management of Iranian lily in the process of domestication of this endemic endangered lily.


In a recent paper, Purohit and Tregunna (7) concluded that plants with low carbon dioxide compensation values are either short-day or day-neutral in their photoperiodic requirement for flowering. Although many plants with the C4 pathway of photosynthesis are short-day plants, there are also several Gramineae in which the C4 pathway of photosynthesis is known to be combined with a requirement for, or response to, long days for flowering, such as Paspalum dilatatum, Hyparrhenia hirta, Themeda australis, and Saccharum spontaneum. Consequently, response to short days for flowering is not a constant feature of the C4 pathway, and C4 plants could be selected for a long-day response in areas where this is advantageous.


A timely and reliable inventory is essential for landslide hazard assessment and risk management. In this study, we use images from PlanetScope, which provides global 3 m daily Earth observations, for rapid mapping of landslide inventory. We propose a semiautomated method that combines change detection and region-based level set evolution (RLSE) to improve landslide mapping efficiency. Our approach uses change detection methods of independent component analysis (ICA), principal component analysis (PCA), and change vector analysis (CVA) for automated generation of landslide zero-level curves (ZLCs), and then incorporates the RLSE method to refine landslide mapping results. To corroborate the applicability of the proposed method, we test the landslide mapping performance on the Kodagu event (India, 2018) using ICA-, PCA- and CVA-based RLSE. The results show that ICA-based RLSE can achieve better landslide mapping accuracy in terms of completeness, correctness, and the Kappa coefficient. This study demonstrates the suitability and potential of low-orbit miniature satellites such as PlanetScope for landslide mapping. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first attempt to incorporate PlanetScope images and the change detection-based RLSE method for landslide mapping.


Interaction with internet-connected computing devices involves interaction with many distinct agents or sources simultaneously. Hardware, operating systems, web browsers, networking devices, and servers all influence the user experience, as do the engineers and programmers who designed them, the companies or organizations that have developed the systems, other users on the web, and various third-parties such as advertisers. We argue that users cannot be simultaneously engaged towards all of these sources of interaction, and instead must orient themselves to only a subset at any given time. We propose a model of source orientation based on literature from psychology, communications and human-computer interaction. This model describes how users select their source orientation when interacting with computers. We also present examples of how this model can be applied to promote usability in computing systems.


We assessed intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]i) in endothelial and HEK293 cells to study the effects of shear stress on the activation of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) by the agonist, GSK1016790A. TRPV4 is a calcium permeable ion channel that is activated by diverse stimuli, including shear stress. TRPV4 in endothelial cells can regulate flow‐mediated vascular tone. We have shown previously that TRPV4 responds to activation of GPCRs (1) and shear stress (2). Using a novel flow chamber and confocal Fluo 4 calcium imaging, we found that shear stress caused an increase in [Ca2+]i mainly through TRPV4 (2) and potentiated responses to a TRPV4 agonist. We observed shear stress‐dependent recruitment of TRPV4 to the cell membrane. Disruption of exocytosis by inhibitors of clathrin‐ and dynamin‐dependent processes and disruption of actin, prevented this translocation. Inhibitors of the ILK‐Akt pathway also prevented TRPV4 translocation.


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In this paper we suggest that it is a mistake to understand the current situation in nursing as primarily a problem of 'shortage', a problem which may be solved through supplying 'more nurses, faster'. This way of thinking is understood as reflecting an invalidation of nurses and nursing and, by fostering false beliefs about nursing, as functioning to exacerbate rather than resolve the current situation. Unlike many mainstream conceptualizations of the current situation in nursing, we begin by understanding the experiences and concerns of nurses as meaningful. Feminist and hermeneutic philosophies, as well as Foucauldian perspectives on discourse, encourage us to take seriously the gender relations of power through which nursing comes to be articulated and to cultivate ways of thinking which can generate more productive analyses of the current situation in nursing. Rather than accepting instrumental understandings of nursing as adequate, we question the everyday beliefs and assumptions, the dominant discourses at work both in the world and in ourselves, which allow the suffering of nurses to be thought irrelevant and their concerns to remain unheard. We theorize both why the suffering of nurses can be considered irrelevant in this way and the difference it would make were we to take the experiences of nurses seriously. This undertaking requires that we reflect on that which constrains – and enables – the ways we are able to write, speak and think about nursing.


Background. Adult orthotopic liver transplantation is associated with significant use of allogenic blood products, which places considerable demands on finite resources. This could be reduced by autologous red cell salvage use, and we evaluated its cost effectiveness in this prospective study. Methods. Intraoperative autotransfusion was used in 660 adult liver transplant patients between January 1997 and July 2002. These included 134 with acute liver failure, 62 retransplants, 90 alcohol-related, 183 viral, 98 cholestatic chronic liver diseases, and 93 with other etiologies. Results. The total volume of red blood cells transfused was 3641±315 ml, 2805±234 ml, 2603±443 ml, and 2785±337 ml for alcohol-related, viral, cholestatic, and others, respectively. Low preoperative hemoglobin was significantly associated with higher intraoperative transfusion requirements. Blood volumes transfused at retransplantation were significantly higher (7077±1110 ml vs. 2864±138 ml; P<0.001) than for acute liver failure and chronic liver disease. Autologous blood volumes transfused were similar in all diagnostic groups, but were significantly greater in retransplantation (2754±541 ml vs. 1524±77 ml; P<0.01). Venovenous bypass was significantly associated with higher transfusion requirements. Total savings per case were similar for all diagnostic groups but were greater in cases of retransplantation (£864±222 ($1235±317) vs. £238±24 ($340±34; P<0.001). With the use of autologous transfusion over the study period, a cost saving of £131,901 ($188,618) was achieved. Conclusions. Intraoperative red blood cell salvage and autologous transfusion is cost effective in adult liver transplantation. Currently, where optimum resource utilization and fiscal constraint are paramount in healthcare delivery, autologous transfusion is an important adjunct in liver transplantation.


This paper begins with a summary of frequently used quantities,units and unit symbols in scientific periodicals,especially in Journal of Engineering Mechanics.Some easily-confused terms are listed selectively and compared.Moreover,some reference examples are provided for format.At the end of this paper,guidelines for submissions are affixed for authors to prepare their manuscripts.


In this paper a 232–242 GHz radiating transmitter (Tx) is presented in TSMC 28nm bulk CMOS. The Tx consists of 75–85 GHz PA (power amplifier) followed by 75–85 GHz to 225–255 GHz tripler. The PA and tripler are single common source stages with 0.9V supply. The output of the tripler is connected to an on-chip ring structure that excites an on-chip dielectric resonance antenna (DRA). The radiating Tx has a directivity of 6.5 dBi with 60% efficiency and 10 GHz bandwidth. The Tx has a measured peak EIRP of 6dBm, a record 0.7 dBm total radiated power and a DC-to-RF efficiency of 1.5%


precipitate once once of the left an oil which crystallized upon treatment with a few drops of Thin-layer chromatography on silica gel G in 1% methanol in chloroform revealed one major spot with two minor spots of lower Rf. The component of highest Rf was obtained by thick-layer (1.0-mm thickness) chromatography on silica gel G, and recrystallization from acetone-water afforded 0.021 gm of colorless 5,14-dianhydrostrophanthidin-3-iodoacetate. Strophanthidin-3-iodoacetate and strophanthidin-3-bromoacetate were reported to have been prepared by Welles et al.;18 no data other than melting points were given. The melting points of their "strophanthidin-3-iodoacetate" and "strophanthidin-3-bromoacetate" were 186-188o and 220-222o, respectively. Theve melting points differ considerably from ours. A sample of their "strophanthidin-3-bromoacetate" was kindly provided by Dr. J. S. Welles and was shown to be 14-monoanhydrostrophanthidin-3-bromoacetate, by NMR spectroscopy and synthesis."2 A sample of the "strophanthidin-3-iodoacetate" of Welles et al. was no longer available. However, the fact that our iodoacetate compound (mp 127-128°) was convertible to the same azidoacetate compounds as was obtained from our bromoacetate compound (mp 191-194°) indicated that our iodoacetate compound is 3,8,5,14-trihydroxy-19-oxo-5j3-card-20(22)-enolide-3-iodoacetate (stro-phanthidin-3-iodoacetate).


In this paper, a GPU based hot term extraction algorithm is presented. Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) is designed for data-parallel computations. Comparing to running a single program with multiple data in CPU, GPU can have faster execution. The hot term is defined as a word that appears frequently in the search result. We assume that the greater the frequency of appearance of a term, the more the relevancy of the term to the users. As there are lots of terms in the searched results from user generated content (UGC), processing them is time-consuming. The proposed GPU based hot term extraction algorithm can achieve a fast performance and works well in real-time applications.


Using electrospray ionization (ESI) and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, the protonic positions in protonated molecular ions of some narcotic drugs were studied, The data of ESI/MSn experiments of morphine and deuterium-loaded morphine were first discussed. The protonic position was considered to locate on oxygen atom of cyclic ether in morphine molecular, Compared with the same and different: ions among morphine, codeine, acetylcodeine and dihydrocodeine, the protonic positions in protonated molecular ions of these compounds were further determined. The fragmentation mechanism of morphine in ESI/MSn: experiments was also repored in the paper, and there were similar dehydrolysis mechanism in gas phase or in liquid phase for morphine.


I have been in the business of transportation for sixteen years and have been on both sides of the fence on the privatization issue. In the early 1970s, those in the private sector were the whipping boys of the industry. Accordingly, we kept a low profile. During the middle years, the late 1970s, there was so much money spent on transportation that we could go on about our business, and people left us alone. In the past three or four years, however, the environment has changed again, something I find interesting and amusing. I do not think the private sector was ever as bad as it was portrayed, nor do I think we are ready for sainthood: some balance is necessary. During those sixteen years, I have also seen fads come and go, and I see a danger in thinking that privatization is just another one. I do not think it is, and I will cite some examples of things going on in the field to illustrate my point. Many will be surprised at new trends in this area and at how privatization really can work and is in fact working. First, privatization will not work simply because I or anyone else wants it to; it will not work through the power of wishful thinking. It will work because it makes economic sense in the context of public policy. In the transit industry if private sector activities work, they work because they strike a balance between the policy and the political needs of the public sector-and those needs are real. Perhaps we wish they were not there, or would wish them away, but they are real. There is a public sector responsibility when transit service is placed on the street. And I respect that. On the other hand, to get value out of the private sector, we have to allow the private sector to do what it does well: take risks, to make a profit. A balance must be struck, and if we can accomplish that, we can make real progress. Collectively, I believe we can reduce costs, maintain or even


Animist beliefs continue to play an important role for Thai people in the 21st century, forged by sacred yet intermittent interactions in everyday life. The appeal of spirits' power, and perhaps the fear of them, appears to offer benefits with a worldly-focus that sometimes exceeds or at least complement the more other-worldly scope of Theravada Buddhism. Joining animism and Buddhism, seems to be the idea of an exchange taking place with something to be given and something to be received. Scholars have long debated on the matter of Thai faith, formulating various academic theories to account for the co-existence of these apparently contrasting beliefs in society. The research aim for this study is to first explore the theoretical common ground between the two beliefs systems and then to interview directly individuals as they engage in ritual offerings. The objective is to understand people's expectations and motivations in relation to one belief system over the other, that may fit or go beyond those existing academic theories on the subject. The surveys revealed the existence of different subsets of Theravada Buddhist people, who although both declare the primacy of Buddhism and merit-making, have strong and divergent opinions on its pragmatic value and influence in daily life, in relation to the practice of spirit worship.


A simple model is presented in which only the 4s electrons are considered to take part in the screening, the 3d electrons being assumed to be correlated and localised on the iron sites. The model is used to calculate the hyperfine field at the impurity nucleus and, assuming a positive polarisation of the 4s electrons and about one 4s electron per atom in the pure matrix, the impurity hyperfine field is found to cross from negative to positive values as the impurity potential becomes strong enough to form a bound state at the bottom of the band. Such a change in sign is observed experimentally between Al and Si in iron and recent measurements of the soft X-ray emission spectrum of an Fe 8 at% Al alloy confirm the presence of a resonant bound state on an Al impurity in iron. The covalent admixture between the impurity state and neighbouring 3d states is discussed.


For future artificial intelligence–based brain mapping, development of a rational and safe scoring system for a brain motor mapping algorithm using electrocorticography (ECoG score), which contains various spectral, purely intrinsic brain activities, is necessary for either before or in the absence of electrical cortical stimulation (ECS).


On 5 march an adult specimen of white grouper Epinephelus aeneus was caught with long-line gear off the Island Dugi otok (between islets Mužanj and Sakarun, eastern Adriatic Sea, Croatian coast9 on a soft, sandy bottom at a depth of 40 meters. the capture location is around 400 km north of the the northern range of distribution in the Adriatic and around 800 km north of the northern limit of distribution published earlier. This is the northernmost occurrence of the white grouper in the Mediterranean area. As a top carnivorous species and among the largest coastal fish species, groupers could probably influence ecology of many native fish species and affect local artisanal fishery.


The paper deals with the influence of the size of financial industry on income distribution. In opposition to Piketty's position, it argues that the wage share is influenced by changes in the size of the sectors of the economy, by the input composition of the productive structure and by the ability of the workers to capture the increases in productivity. The process of financialization experienced in the recent decades has affected these three elements. Among other things, it has enhanced the ability of the banking industry to affect the formation of monetary policy and legislation, which in turn can have had some bearing on the workers' ability to appropriate the increases in productivity. After describing Piketty's interpretation of the rise in inequality and discuss his views on the theories of distribution, the paper illustrates different representations of the financial sector proposed by the literature, underlining the relevance of considering this sector as an industry. By following these lines the pa-per describes how an enlarged size of the banking industry can increase inequality.


Siegesbeckia Herba is known to have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and anti-tumor. The objective of this study is to explore the neuroprotective effect of Siegesbeckia Herba against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Siegesbeckia Herba 70% ethanol extract and solvent fractions have the potent neroprotective effects on glutamate-induced nerotoxicity by induced the expression of heme oxygenase (HO)-1 in the mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. Especially, ethyl acetate fraction showed higher protective effect. In HT22 cell, Siegesbeckia Herba ethyl acetate fraction makes the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2. Further, we found that treatment with c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor (SP600125) reduced Siegesbeckia Herba ethyl acetate fraction induced HO-1 expression and Siegesbeckia Herba ethyl acetate fraction also increased JNK phosphorylation. In conclusion, the ethyl acetate fraction of 70% ethanol extract of Siegesbeckia Herba significantly protect glutamate-induced oxidative damage by induction of HO-1 via Nrf2 and JNK pathway in mouse hippocampal HT22. Taken together these finding suggest that Siegesbeckia Herba ethyl acetate fraction good source for taking active compounds and may be a potential therapeutic for brain disorder by targeting the oxidative stress of neuronal cell.


Barley is considered as one of the most important cereals for Korean in terms of production and utilization. In this review we concentrate mainly on the chemical structure of husk, aleurone layer, endosperm and embryo (especially endosperm). The relationships among the structure, characteristics and role of chemical components in barley kernel are also discussed. The nature of the fine-structure and minor components is not fully identified, however, a lot of investigation and progress in this area probably contributes the development of new technique for better utilization of barley in the future.


There is a wealth of available biomedical information as reflected by the accumulation, on a daily basis, of data in different databases. The daily challenge is how to deal with all these data generated from high-throughput methods. The first part of the course will focus on the presentation of the principles, experimental processes involved, output and respective informatics needs, of the most commonly used proteomics methodologies generating vast amount of data. The second part of the course will focus on how to manage, analyze and make sense of these data using state-of-the-art bioinformatics approaches. It will provide opportunity for training in cutting-edge techniques in both fields, putting emphasis on their interplay and interdisciplinary understanding and skills: i.e ., understanding experimental methodologies as well as in silico approaches.


Phytosome is a complex of a natural active ingredient and phospholipids. The term 'Phyto' means plant while 'some' means cell like structure. It is claimed that phytosome increases absorption of "conventional herbal extracts" or isolated active principles both orally as well as topically. In this era phytosome gain popularity as a potential drug delivery device due to excessive demand and utility of herbs or herb based medicines. This advance technology offers amenities like improved absorption, enhanced delivery & increased bioavailability of herbal extracts. These drug-phospholipid complexes can be fabricated in the form of solution, suspension, emulsion, syrup, lotion, gel, cream, aqueous micro dispersions. Standardized plant extracts, mainly polar phytoconstituents like flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, xanthones shall be introduced in form of phytosome.


Communication fiable et sécurisée dans des réseaux Introduction General context: strategic communication. Given a communication network, find procedures allowing the players to communicate, in a way that is not manipulable by some " bad " players. Examples: large computer networks, neural systems. We want to design protocols (strategies) with good properties. Several goals:-how to transmit a piece of information (reliable communication)-how to transmit a piece of information in a secrete way (secure, or private, communication)-the information to be transmitted may be exogeneous, or generated by the protocol (protocols for fault identification)-how to generate a common information (Byzantine agreement problems) ...


To capture the essence of an experience, poetry as research may manifest itself in two ways: (i) creating a research poem from existing data, often transcripts, or (ii) using participants' poetry as a data-set for harvesting patterns and themes. This research focuses on the second form of poetic inquiry as a means of praxis by using the poetry of inservice teachers, preservice teachers, and elementary students to discover themes in regard to the teaching and learning process. As literacy teacher educators, creating praxis (moving from the theoretical to the practical) remains the ultimate goal of teaching and learning experiences. We gathered poems as data-sets in order to explore the possible benefits and limitations of poetic inquiry. As we approached the notion of poetry as a form of inquiry, we probed whether this art-based inquiry might also equate educational praxis. After considering several poetry data-sets, this research provides evidence of possible benefits related to the praxis that poetry as discourse and artistic inquiry affords, and presents the caveats of the research by identifying possible limitations.


With the recent publication of the proceedings of an international conference held at Eutin (Germany) in 2000 (in collaboration with German, French and Italian students, and edited by Joseph Wiesehofer et Philip Huyse), it is now possible to outline some of the characteristics of Late Antique Iran, under the Sassanians. While the chronological limits of this historical period in Iran correspond almost perfectly to those of Late Antique Greek and Roman world, several other similarities between these two perpetual enemies of Antiquity may also be highlighted. The perspective adopted in this excellent, highly interdisciplinary publication (though based essentially on approaches drawn from Iranian studies) constitutes a significant advance in the state of knowledge regarding relations between Ctesiphon and Rome/Constantinople.


We have succeeded the size-controlled fabrication of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion droplets with a cholesteric liquid crystalline (CLC) material, which is a mixture of a nematic liquid crystalline compound, 4-cyano-4′-pentylbiphenyl (5CB), and a chiral dopant, 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-bis[4-(n-hexyl-1-oxy)benzoic acid]sorbitol [ISO(6OBA)2], as the shell phase and an aqueous poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) solution as the core and outer phases (CLC microcapsules). Here we report the size-controlled fabrication of the CLC microcapsules and the size-dependence of their transmission spectra.


Introduction: Growing number of identified impact structures led to a need for maintaining reliable database with basic parameters for each structure and Earth Impact Database [1] eventually established itself as the most commonly cited reference work. Similar reliable database for even greater number of proposed but not confirmed structures has not been available until recently. Basic information on these structures has been scattered among individual papers and a number of published or privately held partial databases. The most extensive public database has been maintained on-line by Jarmo Moilanen [2]. It provides references and valuable additional information for some of the structures, but for most of the structures, references are not available, which prevents an assessment of the quality and vintage of the data. For example, several structures repeat under different names, all latitude and longitude coordinates were listed with a precision to the nearest minute although many coordinates were clearly converted from data with an order of magnitude lower precision. A number of researchers felt that a new rigorous database was needed. Suspected Earth Impact Sites (SEIS): The development of this database started in October 2004 for a brief reconnaissance project at Shell and was released for public development in June 2005. It started off combining information from four databases by Whitehead [1 – Earth Impact Database], Sharpton [3 – GISP], Fortes [4] and Moilanen [2] plus information that I compiled from literature. The Earth Impact Database and GISP were considered authorities for identification of confirmed impact structures. Fortes' database provided some useful references. Moilanen's extensive list of proposed impact structures together with those that I independently compiled from literature formed the basis of the new database. SEIS is thus complementary to the Earth Impact Database. The aim for this database is to:-Provide ever-evolving list helping to steer research on suspected impact structures.-Provide basic data for each structure presented with a meaningful precision.-Provide brief and specific information about data sources and quality, incl. literature references, methods used to measure the data, clarification of conflicting information from various literature sources etc.


The luminescence spectra of Fe2+ in zinc-blende-type II—VI and III —V compounds do not show an equally spaced set of emission lines as predicted by spin-orbit interaction in a plain crystalline field. The unequal separation between these lines is a signature of the Jahn-Teller effect in these systems. Attention is focused here on the general trend of the -derived energy levels providing the end states for the emission transitions. The intervall between the second and third energy levels (y4 and ,) is employed as a sensitive test based on the two following characteristics: First, this is the spacing that varies the most; second, the emissions to these levels are usually quite sharp as they involve energies not overlapping with phonon-assisted transitions. This property is studied in the plane [ñoj,E¡T] (energy of the coupling phonon and the Jahn-Teller energy which is directly related to the coupling strength). The general behaviour is then studied under different theoretical conditions, in particular those that maximize the effect. Application of this theory to each real compound is thus possible by choosing the right combination of the two variables. To this end, the examples of luminescent substitutional Fe2+ ions in ZnS, ZnTe, and CdTe are discussed based on published spectra. The main emphasis is placed on new precise measurements of the ZnSe : Fe2+ emission. With crystals containing different iron concentrations, changing line shapes, including self-inversion of several emission lines, have been obtained in the 2600 to 2800 cmspectral range. The properties of the four host/impurity systems are satisfactorily explained while an overall description emerges for the whole family of these compounds from a compilation of the derived coupling parameters.


Video technique was used to study two signalized 4-way intersections. They were geometrically similar except that the speed limits were 50 km/h and 70 km/h respectively. The purpose of this investigation was to find out the fuel consumption for one stop. A stop is defined as a deceleration from a constant speed to stop and immediate acceleration to the same speed again, compared with driving the same distance with constant speed. This investigation deals with 3 different levels of acceleration; low, medium and high. The medium acceleration was calculated from the videotape material. High acceleration was 15% higher and low acceleration was 15% less than medium acceleration. In this work the distance for deceleration was the same as for acceleration. The fuel consumption was calculated from a matrix. The necessary data were speed and acceleration. The most fuel-saving driving behaviour is to accelerate with care. It is also noticable that when the final speed is high the difference in fuel consumption is also high between the varying acceleration levels. (Author/TRRL)


The Mannich reaction between 5-(naphtho[2,1-b]furan-2-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione (NFOD) and p-amino salicylic acid (SA) was give 2-hydroxy-4-((5-(naphtho[2,1-b]furan-2-yl)-2-thioxo-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl)methyl amino) benzoic acid(NFODMSA). The novel ligand was characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies. The transition metal chelates viz. Cu2+, Ni2+ , Co2+ , Mn2+ and Zn2+ of NFODMSA were prepared and characterized by metal-ligand (M:L) ratio, IR and reflectance spectroscopies and magnetic properties. The antifungal activity of NFODMSA and its metal chelates was examined against various fungi


Recent reviews of accounting education research have called for continued assessment of learning style inventories in accounting contexts (Geiger and Boyle 1992; Rebele et al. 1998). This study presents a critical evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Canfield Learning Styles Inventory (LSI), proposed by Francis et al. (1995) as an instrument for possible use by accounting educators. The study administered two versions (standard and scrambled) to 531 accounting majors from eight universities, applying a test‐retest strategy after a 4–5 week interval. The versions were examined for internal consistency reliability, test‐retest reliability, classification stability, and construct validity. We found moderate internal consistency (item analyses scores weaker than those reported by Canfield [1988]) and a substantial amount of learner‐type classification instability across the two administrations. In terms of construct validity, two‐factor solutions were not consistent with those reported by Canfield...


Sixty-one species of Tipulidae, one species of Ptychopteridae, two species of Trichoceridae, and one species of Anisopodidae are recorded for Mentor Marsh and adjacent woodlands. Following is an account of adults of the crane flies (Tipulidae), phantom crane flies (Ptychopteridae), winter crane flies (Trichoceridae), and wood gnats (Anisopodidae) collected from Mentor Marsh, Lake County, Ohio, and adjacent woodlands. Few collections of crane flies have been made in Ohio. No state list exists as for New York with 318 species (Alexander 1942). To date the only publication dealing specifically with Ohio's crane fly fauna is the Delaware County survey by Foote (1956), in which 146 tipulid species were listed. Mentor Marsh is a natural freshwater marsh located in Lake County, Ohio, on the Lake Plain physiographic region. It covers about 324 ha and is 7.2 km long by 0.4 to 0.8 km wide. It was formed from a section of the Grand River that was isolated when the main channel formed a new easterly mouth into Lake Erie (Aronson 1974). Until 1959 the marsh was dominated by swamp forest. At this time because of a fluctuation in the water level, salt pollution from a dump site on Black Brook, or a combination of both, the dominant marsh vegetation shifted to cattails and more recently to common reed (Phragmites communis) (Isard 1966. Bernstein 1981). Common reed makes up large monodominant stands down the length of the marsh with cattails being the second most common plant type. Both common cattail (Typha tatifolia) and narrow-leaved cattail (Typha angustifolia) are present in roughly equal numbers. The marsh is bordered on the north and south by upland woods. Haisly Creek and Black Brook are the marsh's main tributaries. Water flows out both the eastern end from Shipman Pond through a.ditch toward the Grand River and out the western end into Mentor Lagoons Marina. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult crane flies were collected from Mentor Marsh in 1978. 1981, 1982, and 1983. In 1978 two emergence traps 1 m in diameter were placed over areas of the marsh containing swamp loosestrife (Decodon verticillatus), arrow arum (Peltandra virginica), and common reed, while 24 traps were placed over cattails. Insects were collected from the traps about every four days from 11 June to 8 August and then preserved dry. In 1981 I participated in a dipteran survey of Mentor Marsh that was conducted by Dr. Sonja Teraguchi of the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. Insects were collected from 'Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325. Present address: Ohio EPA, Water Quality Laboratory, 1030 King Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43212. 1 Bolton: Annotated List of Crane Flies (Diptera: Tipulidae) From Mentor Ma Published by ValpoScholar, 1988 56 THE GREAT LAKES ENTOMOLOGIST Vol. 21, No.2 nine sites selected to include various vegetation types and to extend the entire length of the marsh. Each site contained two floating emergence traps of 1 m diameter and five stakes each of which had a floating, soapy-water pan trap tied at the water line and a sticky trap at its top. Bolton (1983) contains more detailed information about the collection sites. Trap collections were made for 24 hours every two weeks from 10 June to J 8 August. Net collecting was also done at each site. All insects collected, except those on the sticky traps, were preserved in the field with 95 percent ethanol. The sticky traps were covered with cellophane and refrigerated at the laboratory. Additional hand collections were made in the fall of 1981, the spring and fall of 1982, and 28 April, 1983. The principle means of collecting was sweeping with an insect net and hand picking the vegetation. The areas most frequently collected were upland woods and marsh margins at various locations around the marsh. All crane flies collected were enumerated and identified to species using the keys of Alexander (1942, 1965), Alexander and Byers (1981), and Dahl and Alexander (1976). The voucher collection is deposited at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History. ANNOTATED LIST OF SPECIES A total of 61 species of Tipulidae, one of Ptychopteridae, two of Trichoceridae, and one of Anisopodidae were found in Mentor Marsh and adjacent woodlands. They are listed with their observed flight period, numbers collected, and habitat collected from.


In a 46-year-old-man with pulmonary embolism, an echocardiogram Fig. 1 demonstrated a large atrial thrombus traversing a patent foramen ovale. The patient was initially heparinized and then underwent surgical atrial and bilateral pulmonary embolectomy (atrial thrombus size = 17 × 1 × 1.2 cm; pulmonary thrombus = 5 × 1 × 0.6 cm). An inferior vena cava filter was also placed prophylactically. A follow-up transesophageal echocardiography did not demonstrate any residual thrombus. Initial systemic heparinization is usually recommended in order to reduce risk of recurrent embolic events, which is then followed by surgical removal.1


OBJECTIVE To establish the quality standard of Xiao'er Zaoshoukang capsule.METHODS Cortex phellodendri chinensis,Fructus gardeniae,Radix angelicae sinensis and Cortex moutan in Xiao'er Zaoshoukang Capsule were identified by TLC;The content of geniposide was determined by HPLC.RESULTS The spots of TLC were distinct,the negative sample had no interference.The linear range of geniposide were 3.625~580.0μg·mL-1(r=1.0000;n=7),and the average recovery was 97.97%,RSD=1.3%.CONCLUSION The method is simple,accurate with good reproducibiliy,which can be used for the quality control of Xiao'er Zaoshoukang capsule.


With the advent of successful liver transplantation came a renewed interest in what we now appreciate as two distinct adverse pulmonary vascular consequences of advanced liver disease: hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) and portopulmonary hypertension (POPH). The interest was not simply academic. Indeed, once these entities were recognized and accurately characterized, it was clear that their natural histories and effects on both attempts at and outcomes of liver transplantation could be quite concerning.


The home has a paradoxical status, both as sanctuary for what is private and category of social action. Home care oriented policies, professionalisation in caring, the commodification of social work, commodification of privacy – all these phenomena have the effect of bringing into question the limits between the private sphere, private space and public domains. This fact forces professionals to scrutinise the meaning of their practice in light of the countervailing demands of the person's privacy and application of policy guidelines. Their own privacy is brought into question, and this may be the source of the unease they express.


EPR measurements have been made on as-grown single crystals of TlZnF3 doped with chromium. From Cr-only-doped crystals, two types of Cr3+ spectra with monoclinic symmetry were observed together with three kinds of Cr3+ spectra with trigonal symmetry which has been reported in our previous work (Ebisu et al 2005 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 17 4653–63). The obtained fine structure parameters for the monoclinic spectra are analysed using the spin-Hamiltonian separation method. Each monoclinic spectrum is ascribed to a Cr3+ ion, respectively, at a Zn2+ ion site in a ZnF6 unit or a Zn2F9 unit with a Tl+ vacancy. Distortions of the ligand octahedra are discussed using the separated axial parameters.


ABSTRACT Objective: Face-to-face experiential work with emotions is effective, but it remains unclear what the feasibility of teletherapeutic work with emotions is. The current Covid-19 worldwide situation represents an opportunity for psychotherapists to test new ways of working with clients, including from an emotion-focused and emotionally focused perspective. Methods: The present brief report describes a clinical experience based on 6 weeks, so far, of telepsychotherapeutic work focused on emotions via online tools, during the Covid-19 partial confinement in Switzerland. Results: We found a certain feasibility of remote work with emotions in psychotherapy, for individual clients, and for couples. Specific challenges represent relationship and contextual factors (clear communication, using tone of voice, regular check ins, setting up a clear frame, technical aspects of communication, the Self of the therapist), accessing and deepening emotions and managing dysregulated experience and interpersonal escalation. Discussion: Based on this initial clinical experience, we propose that integrative experiential practice partially delivered via a computer screen be studied in controlled settings by psychotherapy research in the future.


Two hydrographic cruises have been carried out in the Irish Sea during the winters of 1965 and 1966. It has been found that near the Welsh Coast reactive silicate concentrations were remarkably constant and lower than expected. In contrast, near the Irish coast there were marked variations in reactive silicate concentrations and the values found were considerably higher than those for the Welsh coast.


We investigate the structure and evolution of a geometrically thin, viscous, Keplerian circumbinary (CB) disk, using detailed models of their radiative/convective vertical structure. We use a simplified description for the evolution of the cataclysmic binary and focus on cases where the circumbinary disk causes accelerated mass transfer (≳10-8 M☉ yr-1). The inner edge of the disk is assumed to be determined by the tidal truncation radius, and the mass input rate into the disk is assumed to be a small fraction (10-5 to 0.01) of the mass transfer rate. Under the action of the viscous stresses in the disk the matter drifts outward with the optically thick region extending to several AU. The inner part of the disk is cool with maximum effective temperatures ≲3000 K, while the outermost parts of the disk are ≲30 K and optically thin. We calculate the effects of thermal instability on a sufficiently massive CB disk. It leads to outbursts reminiscent of those in thermally unstable accretion disks, with the instability remaining confined to the inner regions of the CB disk. However, for most of the evolutionary sequences, the surface densities required to trigger instability are not reached. The spectral energy distributions from circumbinary disks are calculated, and the prospects for the detection of such disks in the infrared and submillimeter wavelength regions are discussed.


This study aims to determine the fraud for fame in the novel The Black Tulip by using sociological approach. That was done by setting three goals: the first is to identify the fraud indicator in the literary work, the second is to describe how fraud to fame in the literary work, and the last is to know the reason Alexandre Dumas raised the issue of fraud to fame in the literary work. This type of research is qualitative research. In this method, the author uses two data types namely primary data and secondary data. The primary data is the study of The Black Tulip novel, written by Alexandre Dumas. Secondary data is data taken from biographies of authors, articles, books electronically, books and other sources that support the analysis. The first result of this study is to know the fraud for fame that reflected in The Black Tulip novel based on the indicators, that is cunning, slander, trick and dishonesty. The second is how fraud for fame describing in the literary work through the character and characterization, events, setting of place, and style. The last, the reason of Alexandre Dumas addressed fraud in the literary work is to make the reader know that the act of fraud to success is an incorrect act. In gaining success and fame, the most important thing is an honesty.


By an actual construction practice,the author introduces the selection of construction schemes and the construction of foundation pit support.The design and construction of enhancement type soil-nail wall is emphasized.


Nonspecific binding is a critical issue in protein immunoassays, and the construction of sensing interfaces that can dramatically resist nonspecific protein adsorption in complex biological media is of great significance. Herein, an antifouling electrochemical immunosensor for a tumor biomarker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was developed based on a novel conducting polymer composite, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with hyaluronic acid (HA). The electrodeposited PEDOT/HA composite had a porous microstructure and strong hydrophilicity, and it also possessed many carboxylic groups on its surface that can be used for the immobilization of the capture probe CEA antibodies. The CEA immunosensor based on PEDOT/HA exhibited high sensitivity to CEA over a wide linear range of concentrations from 1 pg mL−1 to 0.1 μg mL−1, with a detection limit of 0.3 pg mL−1. Moreover, the developed immunosensor is highly specific and antifouling, and it can be used for the assay of CEA in real human serum samples without suffering from strong nonspecific protein adsorption.


Five metal-potassium hexacyanoferrate/chitin composites (based on Cu, Ni, Zn, Co or Fe co-metal) have been prepared and characterized, using SEM-EDX, TEM, X-ray diffraction and FT-IR, before being compared for Cs(I) and 137Cs(I) sorption. The Zn-ion exchanger was characterized by a much larger crystal size of about 250 nm compared with a few tens of nm for other ion-exchangers. The ion-exchangers are well distributed in the whole mass of the composite and they are fully accessible to Cs(I), as evidenced by Cs(I) distribution after metal sorption. Uptake kinetics can be modeled using both the pseudo-second order rate equation and the Crank equation (resistance to intraparticle diffusion coefficient). Sorption isotherms showed substantial differences in the sorbents that can be ranked as Cu > Ni > Zn > Co > Fe. However, based on 137Cs Kd values, the sorbents can be ranked as Co ≫ Fe ≫ Cu ≫ Ni > Zn. Taking into account the cost and toxicity of metals (both in terms of manufacturing and potential metal release) a Prussian Blue based sorbent (i.e., iron-potassium hexacyanoferrate/chitin composite) sounds to be a good composite for Cs(I) recovery from radionuclide-containing effluents.


Introduction. Family member with IBD is the greatest risk factor for developing the disease. The hematological profile of first-degree relatives (FDRs) of Crohn's disease (CD) patients was studied in order to identify healthy FDRs at risk to develop disease. Materials and methods. Thirty CD patients, 90 FDRs, and 28 non-related individuals (controls) were enrolled. Hematological profile and C-reactive protein were determined. Results. All hematological parameters were significantly different in CD patients compared to controls, with significantly higher levels of CRP, WBC, PMN, MONO, and PLT and lower Hb and lymphocyte count. The hematological profile of FDRs showed values between the controls and CD patients with ten FDRs that their parameters matched those of CD patients and significantly different from other FDRs. This group was defined as high-risk relatives (HRRs). Conclusions. Analysis of the hematological profile and CRP level might be proven as a fast, reliable, and less money-consuming tool to identify FDRs with a probable increased risk to develop the disease.


The present invention provides a DC-DC controller and a method for operating a multi-ramp signal. DC to DC controller unit comprises ramp generator, a comparator, a logic circuit and a switch unit. The ramp generating unit alternately generates a first internal ramp signal and the second internal ramp signal. Logic circuit generates a first control signal and the second control signal according to the comparison signal from the comparator. A first switching unit according to a control signal and a second control signal to the first internal ramp alternating signal and the second internal ramp signal is switched to one of which a second input terminal of the comparator. When the second internal ramp signal is switched to a comparator, the ramp generator means charging the first internal ramp signal to a first voltage level. In another handover procedure, the ramp generator means charging the second internal ramp signal to the second voltage level.


Pressure-induced phase transition behavior of n-tridecane from the ordered phase through the rotator phase into the liquid phase has been investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at 25°C. The transition between the ordered and rotator phases has been observed in the pressure range of 270-220 MPa and the transition between the rotator and liquid phases has been observed in the pressure range of 171-112 MPa, within the experimental error of ±50 MPa. The populations of the -gtg+ -gtg'-, -ggand gtdefects determined from the methylene wagging mode are smaller in the rotator phase than in the liquid phase and are smaller under higher pressure in both of the rotator and liquid phases. A relationship has been found between the conformation and the intensity of the 890 cm band, which has been assigned as the methyl rocking mode and has been considered as insensitive to conformation.


Calculated results for spin injection, transport, and magneto-resistance (MR) in organic semiconductors sandwiched between two ferromagnetic contacts are presented. The carrier transport is modeled by spin dependent device equations in drift-diffusion approximation. In agreement with earlier results, spin injection from ferromagnetic contacts into organic semiconductors can be greatly enhanced if (spin-selective) tunneling is the limiting process for carrier injection. Modeling the tunnel processes with linear contact resistances yields spin currents and MR that tend to increase with increasing bias. We also explore the possibility of bias dependent contact resistances and show that this effect may limit MR to low bias.


(57) [summary] The present invention, the protein X or protein X of dehydratase protein 1, from a variety of carbon source in an organism that contains the DNA encoding along with the at least one protein 2 and protein 3 1,3 to provide an improved method for producing propane diol. The protein X is isolated from a diol dehydratase or glycerol dehydratase. The present invention also high production of 1,3-propanediol provides a host cell comprising a protein X capable.


Published 2 October 2018 Citation Penewit K, Holmes EA, McLean K, Ren M, Waalkes A, Salipante SJ. 2018. Erratum for Penewit et al., "Efficient and scalable precision genome editing in Staphylococcus aureus through conditional recombineering and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated counterselection." mBio 9:e01839-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio .01839-18. Copyright © 2018 Penewit et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Address correspondence to Stephen J. Salipante, firstname.lastname@example.com. ERRATUM


This paper investigates the estimation of modulation transfer function (MTF) and point spread function (PSF) using onorbit data of the first dedicated cartographic mission of ISRO, namely, IRS-Cartosat-1. The Cartosat-1 was launched in May 2005 with a motivation to realize in-track stereo-pair imagery at a ground sampling distance of 2.5 m with one of its two cameras, AFT, kept to view a ground scene at -5o and the other, FORE, at +26o with respect to nadir. As with any high-resolution satellite imagery, several factors viz., stray light, optics aberrations, defocusing, satellite motion, atmospheric transmittance etc. can have a strong impact on the observed spatial quality of the Cartosat-1 imagery. These factors are cumulatively accounted by PSF or by the MTF in the spatial frequency domain. The MTF is, thus, of fundamental importance since it provides assessment of spatial response of the overall imaging performance of the system. In this paper, estimation of the PSF and MTF was carried out by capturing imagery over airport runway strip as well as artificial targets laid at two different locations within India. The method adapted here uses a sharp edge from two adjacent uniform dark and bright fields or targets. A super-resolved edge of sub-pixel resolution was constructed from the image edge slanted to satellite path to meet the basic requirement that the target width is much smaller than the spatial resolution width. From the preliminary results, the MTF for the FORE is found to be approximately lesser by about 2% with respect to AFT; this difference may be attributed to relatively a longer traverse of ground signal through the atmospheric column in the case of FORE camera.


Measurements of the complex, frequency dependent susceptibility, χ(ω) _ x'(ω)—ix"(ω) of two water based magnetic fluids, over the frequency range 10 Hz to 1 MHz are reported. Plots of the susceptibility components against log[f (Hz)] are found to have approximate Debye-type profiles with the presence of Brownian relaxation being indicated by the frequency, fmax, of the maximum of the loss-peaks in the χ"(') profiles. Corresponding calcu -lations of particle hydrodynamic radius indicate the presence of aggregation. Frohlich, normal and lognormal distribution functions are used to obtain an estimate of the aggregate size distribution in the samples.


• Exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptoms are commonly reported by athletes. • A gluten-free diet (GFD) for athletes not clinically requiring gluten avoidance has not been shown to have a beneficial or negative effect on gastrointestinal health, overall well-being or athletic performance. • Athletes may effectively, yet unknowingly, eliminate foods high in fermentable oligo-, diand monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) with the aim to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms. • Strategically applied, a low FODMAP diet may be an effective strategy to reduce the occurrence or intensity of exercise-induced gastrointestinal symptoms. FROM CELIAC DISEASE, GLUTEN-SENSITIVITY VS GLUTEN SENSATIONALISM, TO FODMAP REDUCTION AS A TOOL TO MANAGE GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOMS IN ATHLETES


Khan, A. N., Kamal, D., Mahmud, M. M., Rahman, M. A. and Hossain, M. A. 2007. Diversity, Distribution and Abundance of Benthos in Mouri River, Khulna, Bangladesh. Int. J. Sustain. Crop Prod. 2(5): 19-23 Abundances and distribution of macrobenthic organisms were studied in the Mouri river during JanuaryMarch 2005. Twenty (20) different species were identified in the present investigation. Polychaeta dominated all over the river and represented by Nemalycastis indica, Nephthys oligobranchia, Dasybranchus caducus and Nereis lamellose. The population of Oligochaeta was represented by Nais simplex, Stylaria fossularis and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri. Insecta population was represented by a single species Chironomus javanus. Bivalvea population represented by Lamellidens marginalis and Lamellidens jenkinsianus. Gastropoda dominated by Bellamya bengalensis, Pila globosa, Lymnea acuminate, Indoplanorbis exustus and Thiara granifera. Abundance of Oligochaeta is concentrated at station I, II and III. Organic pollution indicator Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri fairly dominated at station I, II and III. The maximum abundance of macrobenthic organisms recorded from station VI and minimum at the station I which was 630 and 1040 indv. m sediment respectively. Shannon-Wiener index indicates the maximum pollution in the station I (1.20 ± 0.23) and minimum in the station VI (1.49 ± 0.753).


Allergic reactions to copper are rare and have taken the form of eczematous allergic contact dermatitis. This is the first instance of eczematous dermatitis to copper in which the site of exposure was "internal" rather than epicutaneous.


The article presents the study of several machine learning algorithms that are used to study breast cancer data with 33 features from 569 samples. The purpose of this research is to investigate the best algorithm for classification of breast cancer. The data may have different scales with different large range one to the other features and hence the data are transformed before the data are classified. The used classification methods in machine learning are logistic regression, k-nearest neighbor, Naive bayes classifier, support vector machine, decision tree and random forest algorithm. The original data and the transformed data are classified with size of data test is 0.3. The SVM and Naive Bayes algorithms have no improvement of accuracy with random forest gives the best accuracy among all. Therefore the size of data test is reduced to 0.25 leading to improve all algorithms in transformed data classifications. However, random forest algorithm still gives the best accuracy.


Background: Linking of information from different data sources, specifically literature, becomes increasingly important to annotate the growing number of new genome sequences. For the large percentage of genes with no known sequence homologs, new, possibly integrative, methods need to be developed. Ab-initio structure prediction and comparison is a method some of us pursued previously for functional annotation of sequences with no known homologs [1]. Here we use a large set of sequences of known structure to evaluate a new method that uses keyword information from literature to improve our previously used ab-initio structure prediction method. Results: We report two results: first, the literature and keyword similarity measure we employ here performs well in identifying functional and/or structural relationships even if there is little or no sequence homology between the compared proteins, the difficult, but frequent, so-called "twilight zone" case in annotation and structure prediction. Second, our novel method that uses literature to assist SCOP super-family prediction [2] significantly improves on our original ab-initio structure prediction algorithm. Conclusions: We show that the literature keywords and similarity measure used here are of great value for the increasingly important field of functional annotation of new sequences with no or little sequence homology. Background Each newly sequenced genome is principally annotated by comparison of its sequences to previously annotated genomes. Typically 40 to 60% of a new genome can be reliably annotated in this fashion. However, this method is most successful for the genes we often care least about, placing a premium on methods that can annotate unusual or highly diverged sequences. In this twilight recognition realm, ab-initio structure prediction based annotation has proven valuable [1]. By prediction of a protein's approximate structure we can compare it's structure to proteins of known function. Because this approach is less specific than sequence based annotation, it is useful to confirm ab-initio structure prediction based annotations by other means. Here we present a novel method that uses text mining to improve and screen genome-scale structure


Background: Currently, schizophrenia is associated with many health problems due to weight changes caused by lifestyle changes and consumption of antipsychotic drugs (APDs). Nutritional status assessment is needed in order to lower the comorbidity through early detection of risk factors. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 94 schizophrenic patients selected using consecutive sampling in October 2012 in Psychiatry Outpatient Department, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung. An anthropometric measurement was verified (body mass index and waist circumference), physical activity level, type of antipsychotic drugs (APDs) used and duration of treatment acquired from medical records. Results: Among the subjects, 29.8% were 28–37 years old, with 69.1% males and 30.9% females. Most of them suffered from paranoid schizophrenia (71.3%). The body mass index (BMI) of 46.8% subjects were normal, 45.74% were overweight, whereas 7.45% were underweight. Male subjects mostly had smaller waist circumference (78%) compared to females who were dominantly above normal (52%). Physical activity levels were mostly sedentary (76%). Single typical APD were dominantly prescribed (46%). Subjects with normal BMI were mostly found among single typical APDs prescribers (53.5%), whereas the majority of atypical APDs users were overweight (61.9%). A total of 63% subjects had been prescribed APDs for 1–5 years, dominated by subjects with normal body mass index (78%). Conclusions: The majority of study subjects (46.8%) were found normal in terms of the body mass index. Male subjects mostly had normal waist circumference (78%) while females have a higher risk with measurement above normal as a more dominant finding (52%). [AMJ.2014;1(1):40–7]


We describe the thermodynamical interpretation of the interaction between new agegraphic dark energy and dark matter in a non-flat universe. When new agegraphic dark energy and dark matter evolve separately, each of them remains in thermodynamic equilibrium. As soon as an interaction between them is taken into account, their thermodynamical interpretation changes by a stable thermal fluctuation. We obtain a relation between the interaction term of the dark components and this thermal fluctuation.


This chapter uses definitions, descriptions and, especially, examples to highlight the importance of analytical properties with a view to ensuring quality in the analytical process and in quantitative results. Analytical properties allow one to compare methods in order to select the most appropriate choice for the analytical problem to be solved. In this chapter, analytical properties are classified according to a metrological hierarchy encompassing three levels, namely: capital properties, basic properties and productivity-related properties. The three types of properties and their associated parameters are described, and their computation explained with examples, in order to facilitate their understanding and mathematical calculation. The individual analytical properties are important, but their mutual relationships are even more so are. For this reason, Sect. 2.1.7 is exclusively devoted to such relationships, to the way each property depends on the others and to which are to be favoured depending on the particular analytical problem. The analytical properties pertaining to Qualitative Analysis (Chap. 6) are special and required adaptation to those dealt with in this chapter. The contents of this chapter are closely related to those of Chap. 7. In fact, analytical properties provide the ground on which effective problem-solving, and fulfilment of the client's information requirements. One other aim of this chapter is introducing students to numerical and statistical computations in Analytical Chemistry in context rather than in isolation as is usually the case. Teaching Objectives • To define analytical properties in a holistic manner. • To assign analytical properties to specific facets of Analytical Chemistry. Electronic Supplementary Material The online version of this chapter (doi:10.1007/978-3-31962872-1_2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 M. Valcárcel Cases et al., Foundations of Analytical Chemistry, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-62872-1_2 53 • To establish mutual relationships among analytical properties. • To relate analytical properties to analytical quality. • To introduce students to numerical and statistical computations in Analytical Chemistry. 2.1 Explanation of the Slides


Photothermal therapy based on conjugated polymers represents a promising antibacterial strategy but still possesses notable limitations. Herein, degradable pseudo conjugated polymers (PCPs) containing photothermal molecular backbones and reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐sensitive thioketal bonds are designed. Triphenylphosphine (PPh3) is introduced into PCPs to generate phosphonium‐based PCPs (pPCPs), which further assembled with hyaluronic acid into pPCP nanoparticles (pPCP‐NPs). pPCP‐NPs with quaternary phosphonium cations selectively anchor on and destroy bacterial cell membranes through electrostatic action. Under 1064 nm laser irradiation, pPCP‐NPs (pPCP‐NPs/+L) produce near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) photothermal antibacterial effect, thereby killing bacteria in a sustained manner. pPCP‐NPs are readily degraded upon ROS abundant at infection sites, therefore exhibiting enough biosafety. pPCP‐NPs/+L display an almost 100% bacterial inhibition rate in vitro and resultin a nearly complete recovery of bacteria‐induced mouse wounds. A further metabolomics analysis denotes that pPCP‐NPs/+L work in a concerted way to induce bacterial DNA damage, inhibit bacterial carbon/nitrogen utilization and amino acid/nucleotide synthesis. Taken together, degradable pPCP‐NPs with both NIR‐II photothermal effect and cationic phosphonium structural bacteriostasis provide a new avenue for antibiotics‐alternative anti‐infection therapy.


We are exploring optimal dynamic detection of explosives (ODD-Ex) to exploit recent advances in optimal shaping of laser pulses for control of molecular processes to significantly enhance the standoff detection of explosives.


Parastomal hernia can be treated by retromuscular mesh placement with transversus abdominis release (Pauli procedure). Since then, we established it as our standard procedure and report on our perioperative results and initial follow-up data.

 During a 4-year period (1/2019–12/2022), 20 consecutive patients were treated by Pauli procedure. All patients were prospectively registered in the Herniamed database. Follow up was performed by patient interview or patient review.

 Pauli Procedures were mainly (75%, n=15) performed by minimal-invasive techniques (Laparoscopic n=14, open n=4, robotic n=1). Thirteen patients had a urostomy and seven had a colostomy. Median hernia diameter was 5 cm (3–13 cm, EHS classification for parastomal hernia: 9×I, 6×III and 5×IV). Median Mesh size was 310 cm2 (150–750). Perioperative morbidity was 15% (n=3, Clavien Dindo Grade II). Median hospital stay was 4 days (range: 3–17). Median follow up was 13 months (range 6–43) with a recurrence rate of 20% (urostomy n=3, colostomy n=1).

 Pauli repair of parastomal hernia can be performed routinely by minimal-invasive techniques. The perioperative risk is low. Further studies are necessary to reduce the recurrence rate.


Different kinds of microorganisms naturally inhabit the oral cavity of the snakes as their habitat. The oral flora is a mixed ecology constituted predominantly by at least a hundred bacterial species which can be more or less regular residents. Generally, oral bacterial species can be separated into five groups on the basis of their Gram reaction and morphology, namely; the Gram positive cocci, the Gram negative cocci, the Gram positive bacilli, the Gram negative bacilli and the Spirochetes [1]. The other group of microorganism include the fungi which have been less studied. Owing to the large number of bacteria in the oral cavity, bite wounds are generally subjected to polymicrobial infection, and their treatment is complicated, espe-cially in extensive injuries. Annually, it has been estimated that between 1.2 and 5 million snakebites occur worldwide, causing between 20,000 and 125,000 deaths, commonly in the tropical regions and in areas that are primarily rural or agricultural [2]. In these areas, large numbers of people coexist with numerous snakes. In the United States, five to ten deaths occur per year from snakebites [3].


Three problems are raised for Nicholas Georgalis's recent work: (1) a problem with regard to the supposed noninferential knowledge of minimal content, (2) a problem with the "necessary condition" Georgalis stipulates for the legitimate application of a first-person methodology to a science of the mind, and (3) a problem with regard to denying phenomenal content to intentional acts.


This paper proposes a new methodology for evaluating the probabilistic reliability of a grid constrained composite power system including wind turbine generators(WTG) using WORRIS(Web Based Online Real-time Reliability Information System). The proposed model can consider capacity limitations and transmission line forced outage rates. The random nature of wind speed can be incorporated in the evaluation by representing the WTG by multi state models. A simple case study shows in detail how it is used to perform a reliability evaluation study in proposed model and the results in WORRIS.


Prolonged mutual tolerance is described for spiderlings in broods of the burrowing wolf spider Geolycosa turricola (Treat) (Lycosidae). The length of the tolerant phase is compared with that of the facultative burrower Lycosa georgicola Walckenaer. Specific behaviors are described from observations of pairs of spiderlings. The frequency of occurrence of these behaviors was studied in a series of bioassay experiments designed to test questions concerning the nature of the mechanism of communication among spiderlings, the length of the tolerance phase, and the ability to recognize siblings from nonsiblings. The results indicate that chemical communication is the principal form of communication between spiderlings. Aggressive behavior increased in pairs of spiderlings of increasing disparity of size. Geolycosa turricola spiderlings showed little kin recognition ability. The advantage of prolonged tolerance within the burrowing life strategy is discussed.


Out of 71 people employed in various capacities at this hospital, in no single instance was it possible to show the presence of the vibrio in the faeces. This speaks well for the excellent precautions adopted by the authorities. The fact that in nearly all cases which have been carefully investigated it has been possible to establish a history of direct contact, or at any rate a visit to an infeoted house, has gone far towards establishing the limits of the incubation period. These seem to be from a few hours up to eight or nine days. A man in the poor quarter of Faunchal, out of bravado, wrapped himself in the blankets of a cholera patient. He developed the disease in six hours, and died in eighteen hours. His family of three all developed the disease subsequently, but not until six days after his death. The severe outbreak at the neighbouring township of Machico was traceable to one man who had slept a night in an infected house in Funchal, and developed the disease three days after his return. Of the " contacts " who were isolated in their own homes, instead of being segregated in the isolation hospitals, a very much larger proportion than the abovementioned 6 out of 350 subsequently developed cholera. This seems to lend colour to the statement one often sees, that even when carrying the germ one can probably avoid the disease by regular meals and by careful hygiene, such as was observed in the " contacts"' block.


This study was aimed to examine the antiapoptotic effect of Ulmus davidiana extracts through regulation of the intracellular cation mobilization in U937 human monocytic cells. To investigate the modulatory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced apoptosis and the Ca2+ signaling pathway, we measured the levels of intracellular Ca2+ and various protein markers such as Bax, Bcl-2, and PARP. To isolate biopotent molecules, the branches of U. davidiana were processed sequentially using 60% ethanol, supercritical fluid extraction, and ethyl acetate extraction of the remaining samples to obtain single fractions and catechin-glycoside, which is one of the known bioeffector molecules of U. davidiana. Lipopolysaccharide increased intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in U937 cells by inducing transient oscillations and markedly increased Bax and PARP protein expression and decreased Bcl-2 expression. All U. davidiana and catechin-glycoside significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and downregulated apoptosis-related molecules. These results suggest that U. davidiana and catechin-glycoside may be useful for improving immune system function.


The reaction of CuCl(2) with H(2)Meppz and a base under low temperature gave rise to a heptanuclear copper compound, in which a novel ligand 2,2'-bis(H(2)Meppz) (H(4)L') was obtained through in situ C-C coupling.