The article discusses transhumanism and posthumanism as marginal trajectories of the modern philosophy of science, which, however, distinctly influence the mainstream narrative of science and societal relations. Among the decisive determinants of this impact is trans/posthumanism's para-religious content that replenishes a conceptualised process of cutting-edge scientific practices and ideals. In particular, transhumanism and posthumanism evolve as ideological exploiters of seemingly obsolete forms of religiosity, for they simultaneously exploit and reinvent the entire apparatus of the scientific, political, and moral activity in Western societies. Avant-garde secular worldviews tend to be religious in the sense that their ultimate quest is the transformation of humans into certain historical entities, which are capable of rearranging their own systems of order.


In this paper, we present an extension of linear communication channels identification algorithms to non linear channels using higher order cumulants (HOC). In the one hand, we develop a theoretical analysis of non linear quadratic systems using second and third order cumulants. In the other hand, the relationship linking cumulants and the coefficients of non linear channels presented in the linear case is extended to the general case of the non linear quadratic systems identification. This theoretical development is used to develop three non linear algorithms based on third and fourth order cumulants respectively. Numerical simulation results example show that the proposed methods able to estimate the impulse response parameters with different precision.


Considering the change of optical information on material surface, this paper proposes a useful notion called pixel-level optical constants (POC). Through Fresnel equations, traditional optical constants (refractive index n and extinction coefficient k ) can reflect photoelectric characteristics on material surface. Combining with Mueller calculus in polarization optics, POC can describe the distrbution of photoelectric characteristics on material surface. POC is mainly calculated by the decomposition of Mueller matrix which includes Fresnel amplitude, ratio of two orthogonal reflection coefficient component P and variation of phase difference between incident light and reflected light Δ . With the regularity of polarized light and the statistics of Mueller matrices, optical characteristics can be detailed to each pixel in POC, which will independently show the distribution of polarization characteristics on material surface. And it can also be approximately averaged to obtain traditional optical constants. So POC is significant to optical researches on material surface.


5. Ferioli M, Cisternino C, Leo V, Pisani L, Palange P, Nava S. Protecting healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 infection: practical indications. Eur Respir Rev. 2020;29:200068. 6. Hui DS, Chow BK, Lo T, Tsang OTY, Ko FW, Ng SS, et al. Exhaled air dispersion during high-flow nasal cannula therapy versus CPAP via different masks. Eur Respir J. 2019;53:1802339. 7. Leonard S, Atwood CW Jr, Walsh BK, DeBellis RJ, Dungan GC, Strasser W, et al. Preliminary findings on control of dispersion of aerosols and droplets during high-velocity nasal insufflation therapy using a simple surgical mask: implications for the highflow nasal cannula. Chest. 2020;158:1046--9.


The present invention provides a containing having a "" flat-shaped roller bearing rail window / door system to provide good appearance when opening and window / door openings on one side by using a "" shaped section supporting the roller reducing the number of housing grooves exposed on the window / door frame to improve airtightness and liquid tightness.


This study reports the use of agro-waste (carob shells) as a precursor for the synthesis of activated carbon by nitric acid activation. The prepared adsorbent was used for the removal of cadmium and cobalt ions from aqueous media. In order to optimize the preparation conditions for the high removal efficiency of heavy metals, the Box-Behnken design was used to correlate activation agent ratio g(HNO3)/g(carbon), reaction time, and activation temperature to the removal efficiency of metals. The experimental result shows that the rise in activation temperature strongly decreases the removal of both metals. This result suggests a low energy demand for the activation of carob shells by HNO3. The sample prepared at optimum conditions was characterized by DRX, SEM, FTIR, and surface groups titrations in order to obtain information on its structural, morphological, and surface properties. It has also been found that equilibrium data are well correlated to the Langmuir model with adsorption capacities of 125.52 and 69.01 mg/g, respectively, for Cd(II) and Co(II).


1. In healthy male volunteers, the absorption, metabolite pro® les and excretion of " % Cbenidipine hydrochloride, a new Ca antagonist, were investigated after oral administration at a dose of 8 mg. 2. " % C-benidipine hydrochloride was rapidly absorbed, and the plasma concentration of radioactivity and unchanged drug reached a maximum of 71± 2 ng eq.} ml at 1± 1 h and 2± 56 ng} ml at 0± 6 h respectively, and then declined bi-exponentially. The half-life in the elimination phase was 14± 7 and 5± 3 h respectively. AUC of unchanged drug was low, about 1% of that of radioactivity. 3. Five days after administration, 36± 4% of the administered radioactivity was excreted in urine and 58± 9% in faeces. 4. The metabolite pro® les in plasma, urine and faeces were analysed by hplc. At 1 h after administration the predominant metabolites in plasma were M9 and M2, which accounted for 13± 8 and 8± 2% of the radioactivity respectively, whereas unchanged drug represented 1± 2%. Predominant metabolites in urine 12 h after administration were M3 and M8,which accounted for 2± 22 and 2± 21% oftheadministered radioactivity respectively. Metabolites excreted in faeces 120 h after administration were very complex and poorly separated by hplc and could not be characterized: unchanged drug was not detected in the faeces.


For blind persons, information is often presented through substitute media. We explore the possibility of emulating visual perception through haptic perception completely using a new haptic display and using games as a paradigm. We decsribe an implementation of Sudoku which utilizes the capabilities of the display: representing the full Sudoku square in its natural form; entering numbers and notes in the boxes of the square; emulating visual scanning for information through scanning by touch; interacting by finger movement (gestures). The only non-haptic component consists of sounds played to signal the outcome of actions. This demonstrates the advantages of the planar touch-sensitive refreshable haptic display when compared with other interaction modes for blind persons.


An earlier discussion of the use of statistical significance tests in the comparison of experimental and theoretical determinations of molecular structures is extended, and the application of multivariate tests is shown. The accuracy of atomic coordinates determined by Fourier or least-squares methods, irrespective of whether the peaks overlap or not, is discussed in detail. Formulae are given for the errors of molecular parameters in terms of the errors of the atomic parameters of the crystal structure. The methods are applied in a discussion of the latest results on naphthalene and anthracene, and it is shown that while it is hardly necessary to postulate any errors in the molecularorbital theory for anthracene, there are very significant discrepancies for naphthalene.


Nanocrystals of semiconducting metal oxides have attracted great interest due to their interesting properties. Therefore, our study came to some physical properties of pure tin oxide and pure lead oxide. Infrared spectral measurements of pure tin and lead oxides showed the presence of vibrational frequencies containing five frequencies for tin oxide and nine vibrational frequencies for lead oxide. The permeability spectra of the SnO2 and PbO compounds were measured, and we calculated each of n, A α , σopt and it was found through the comparison of these amounts for the two compounds that the optical conductivity = 1.214687 (Ωcm)-1, n=9.949 A=2, α=46 cm-1, All previous values are in agreement with the same vibrational frequency of υ = 3450 cm-1 for the lead oxide compound, which is the highest possible.


Uniformity amid diversity is a recurring problem in federal taxation. The uniform application of the federal revenue laws to all the people is plainly desirable for a variety of reasons, not the least of which is simple fairness. Yet the laws of the several states in their structure and application vary greatly, and despite the many laudable efforts to promote uniformity, and some notable accomplishments, great areas of difference still remain and predictably will always be present. In an effective federal system of income and death taxation points of impact between the federal revenue laws and the local rules, particularly those relating to property, are both inevitable and innumerable, and since reference to local concepts is unavoidable, strict uniformity is impossible. It is a dogma no thoughtful critic should champion., At the other extreme there is also a dogma, equally unacceptable and unaccepted, which I will refer to as the incorporation dogma. It suggests that, absent a clear congressional direction to the contrary, when the federal tax law uses a term with a settled local meaning, that local meaning shall control. In this view the States through their courts and legislatures have a significant creative function in federal tax law making; they may decide how and when particular measures shall be applied to their residents by fixing the form of their rules and the interpretation to be placed upon them.


The effects of different processing methods (direct extrusion, two-step extrusion or lateral injection extrusion) on the morphology of polypropylene (PP)/ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM)/calcium carbonate nanoparticles (nano-CaCO3) ternary blend were investigated, including the morphology of the EPDM phase and the distribution of nano-CaCO3 particles, by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the processing methods had a significant influence on the morphology of the EPDM phase and the distribution of nano-CaCO3 particles. In the lateral injection extruded blends, it was amazingly observed that the EPDM particles encapsulated the PP phase tightly, and the dimension of EPDM particles was remarkably decreased. It was also found that the content of nano-CaCO3 particles in the matrix of the lateral injection extruded blends was less than that of the two-step extruded blend, and that of the direct extruded blend was most. The properties of the ternary blend, including dynamic mechanical properties, rheological properties, and crystallization, were characterized in order to confirm the variety of morphologies caused by the different processing methods. The differences in the crystallization temperature, elastic modulus, and glass transition temperature of the blends prepared by different methods well agreed with the variation of their morphology.


Multimode fibers (MMF) are high‐capacity channels and are promising to transmit spatially distributed information, such as an image. However, continuous transmission of randomly distributed information at a high‐spatial density is still a challenge. Here, a high‐spatial‐density information transmission framework employing deep learning for MMFs is proposed. A proof‐of‐concept experimental system is presented to demonstrate up to 400‐channel simultaneous data transmission with accuracy close to 100% over MMFs of different types, diameters, and lengths. A scalable semi‐supervised learning model is proposed to adapt the convolutional neural network to the time‐varying MMF information channels in real‐time to overcome the instabilities in the lab environment. The preliminary results suggest that deep learning has the potential to maximize the use of the spatial dimension of MMFs for data transmission.


Abstract In this paper we will study four forcing notions, two of them giving a minimal degree of constructibility. These constructions give answers to questions in [Ih].


HPM meters are required for the assessment of fields generated by sources of high-power microwaves. Finding the inverse calibration curves for such instruments is important for ensuring accuracy. The procedure is relatively simple for meters consisting of linear devices but there can also be hardware solutions implementing nonlinear ones. The objective of the present work was to develop a convenient procedure to allow finding such a curve when the meter uses a D-dot probe and a power detector. For that purpose, the results of low voltage measurements describing the properties of the detector were first analysed. Then a software code was developed to estimate the RMS value of an incident field based on measured output and frequency response. The response was estimated with very low electric field. And finally, the performance of the proposed procedure was verified by tests conducted with high electric field in a TEM cell. High conformity of the output of the meter with fields of known values was demonstrated. The maximum error related to the meter range did not exceed 4%.


Development of proteolysis in probiotic white-brined cheese with added Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium bifidum BB-12 as adjunct culture either in microencapsulated form or in free state was investigated. Cheese samples were stored at 4°C for 90 days and variations in the counts of probiotic bacteria and development of proteolysis were evaluated throughout ripening period. Microencapsulation techniques were effective in keeping counts of Lb. acidophilus LA-5 and B. bifidum BB-12 high enough for therapeutic minimum. It was also seen that microencapsulation slowed the development of proteolysis. The concentration of nitrogeneous fractions in the cheese with added free pro-biotic cells were higher than the other cheeses.


Neel (or Bloch) line dynamics has been investigated in garnet epilayers characterized by huge and moderate damping parameters. Direct pressure velocities are found to be in fair agreement with expected values. Velocity saturation is, however, observed in moderately damped material. The gyrotropic coupling to wall motion is shown to produce a variety of line displacement behaviours.


In this paper we perform a comparative evaluation of four different computational learning methods on a problem of diagnostic cytology and more specifically on the classification of gastric cells. The methods considered are: Decision Tree Induction, Boosted Decision Trees, Naive Bayesian Classifier, and Radial Basis Function Neural Networks. The performance of each method was assessed on unseen data. Our aim was not to evaluate the quality of the algorithms as such, but to examine which of them are suitable for the specific medical diagnosis task, in order to provide a reliable diagnostic tool to the doctors involved in the area. We compare the performance of the four methods and discuss the results taking into account the characteristics of the methods and the task examined. The dataset that was used in this paper is publicly available, facilitating reproducibility of the results and providing a basis of comparison for future work.


How strong is the case for the reform of the legal system? Charles Hanson, of Newcastle University, offers a robust defence of the government's proposals for ending restrictive practices in the legal profession.


: Modern media plays a very important and dangerous role of affecting local and international public opinion changing their role from presenting and alalysing news to amajor player. It deform deeply destroys and the rooted values, replaces them with different values on conceptions, beliefs, ideas, behaviour individ towards individuals. The tracker of the performance of American media intitufions finds that they present a very fake and deformed image of Arabs, islam, and their main issues about Palestine because of Zionist lobby and its influence over American media, specially after 9/11. Media has exaggerated in degrading Arabs, calling them with worst names, mock their civilization, scientific contributions, and injustice of their case Now the image inside the mind of common American and public American opinion about Arabic and Muslim society is attached to terrorism, violence and radicality. In contrast,such media presents on the other the zionist Hebrew state with sophistication, and democracy which needs support and opprove. Thus, this research addresses the following question: comes the proplem of this research. Do the great roles of American media affirm values of peace, forgiveness and co existence among people and states, or and because of the strong influence of American Zionist lobby strengthen hatred speech of American public opinion through this negative, deformed and fake image of Arabic and Islamic societies in general and their central cases in particular. Thus the American media would not be an honest mediator to give the night and objective media information.


A patient with myelodysplastic syndrome was transplanted twice and developed clonally unrelated relapse each time in donor-derived cells. This case supports the concept that a leukemogenic marrow environment may predispose the transplant recipient to malignant transformation.


Based on the field investigation of three villages in Xingtai City,namely,Qiannanyu Village,Qinghe County and Hengli Manor,the process of industrialization by developing rural characteristic economy in the light of local conditions and the implementation of new countryside policies in Xingtai City were illustrated in detail,to provide theory reference for rural industrialization construction.


Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) is the residual waste generated from the dredging of damaged road pavements. Usually this RAP material is thrown away so it is rarely reused. In fact, RAP material that has become waste and is no longer used can be used as an added ingredient in the manufacture of new asphalt concrete with rejuvenator. This study aims to determine the durability value of reclaimed asphalt pavement with the use of buton granular asphalt (BGA) as a rejuvenating agent in the gradation of the Laston mixture (AC-WC) against the IRS value. The first testing stage is to test the characteristics of the reclaimed asphalt pavement material and then continue with the marshall test. The optimum asphalt content value obtained after testing is at 5,28% of the total aggregate. The reference used in testing the characteristics of Marshall and IRS is the specification of Bina Marga in 2018 revision 2. The results of the IRS test using the optimum asphalt content of 5,28% with the addition of BGA show that along with the increase in the level of BGA in the AC-WC mixture by using RAP, the ability of the mixture to withstand the load increases and the flexibility of the mixture decreases, so that the asphalt's durability increases, represented by the IRS test of 30 minutes and 24 hours which shows the durability value with 0% BGA content, the value is 112,70%, with the addition of BGA 1% obtained a value of 118,87%, BGA 2% 121,50% and with the addition of 3% BGA content which was 125,11% in the Laston mixture (AC-WC). So from the test results, the IRS value meets the requirements of the 2018 Highways Specification of 90%, so it is concluded that the results of the tests carried out meet the durability requirements and can be applied in the field.


The impact of Covid 19 cases is increasing worldwide due to not complying with social distancing and mask-wearing rules in congested areas such as hospitals, schools, and malls where people have to be together. Although the authorities have taken various precautions to prevent not wearing masks, it is challenging to inspect masks in crowded areas. People who do not wear masks can be unnoticed by visual inspections, which is a critical factor in the increase of the epidemic. This study aims to create an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based mask inspection system with the YOLO V7 deep learning method to ensure that overcrowded public areas are protected from the Covid-19 epidemic.


Small and medium enterprises play an important role worldwide, in both developed and developing countries. A big part of the problem of small businesses today is competing and maintaining their business among competitors. This study aims to generate a theme of competitiveness from textual data by introducing topic modelling as a research approach. This type of research is quantitative research. This study uses a quantitative approach and descriptive analysis using the Mallet Topic Modelling program as an analytical tool. Ten themes have been identified, including two topics Understanding Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurship Networks; and Conditions of Industry and Learning Organizations have the highest proportion of topic composition. These topics are used to understand the competitive factors between internal and external small businesses. This study uses the Mallet Topic Modelling Tool program, and ten factors of small business competition can be identified. The results of this study can provide a new area for future research directions. At the same time, entrepreneurs and business people can obtain competitive factors suitable for their business s sustainability.


The United Arab Emirates (UAE) commitment to building a sustainable and diversified economy includes the announcement of multiple strategies such as the UAE's National Innovation Strategy and Abu Dhabi Economic Vision 2030. Many institutions and key players have been taking an active role in these strategies by their involvement in the entrepreneurial ecosystem and supporting startups is lacking. This paper aims to examine the UAE's current entrepreneurial ecosystem model, its gaps and opportunities and its impact on startups. Moreover, this research paper aims to explore the domains of the ecosystem that startups find pivotal to their growth and success. The data collection methodology taken in this research is to conduct qualitative research through interviews with key ecosystem players to understand their role in the ecosystem as well as quantitative research through surveys to quantify the availability and importance of key ecosystem support elements. The analysis is conducted to support the results of the collected data. The ecosystem is then modeled based on the Triple Helix perspective of National Innovation Systems and the relationships between its three key players (i.e., government, industry and academia). The outcome of this research is summarized in an entrepreneurial ecosystem framework design that is ideal and unique to the UAE. In addition, this paper provides recommendations to close the gaps leverage the opportunities and overall enhance the entrepreneurial ecosystem in the UAE.


ular for lung endothelial cells, is disrupted by the toxic effect of chronic cigarette smoke in genetically susceptible patients, thus resulting in centrilobular emphysema. Specifically, we hypothesize that disappearance of lung alveoli resulting in centrilobular emphysema occurs by apoptosis after decreased expression or activity of lung vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) or its receptors due to smoking. In the present work, we focused on the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on VEGF gene expression, on endothelial cell apoptosis, and on the ratio of the transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3, which are involved in the regulation of VEGF receptor kinase domain receptor expression in endothelial cells. CSE treatment (10% for 24 h) of the monocytic U937, the hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, and the lung carcinoma A549 cell lines decreases VEGF protein and messenger RNA expression as assessed by Western blot and ribonuclease protection assay. CSE also increased approximately twofold the production of nitric oxide by all cell lines tested. CSE (10% for 24 h) resulted in apoptosis and complete detachment from the culture dish of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells, while minimal detachment and apoptosis were seen with the U937, HepG2, and A549 cells. CSE treatment (1 and 0.1% for 6 h) of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells resulted in increased nuclear protein binding to the Sp1 consensus oligo by electrophoretic mobility shift assay, partly accounted for by increased binding of Sp3 (assessed by supershifting with anti-Sp3 antibody) and the by presence of a new DNA-protein complex, not shifted by anti-Sp1 or anti-Sp3 antibodies. We conclude that cigarette smoke may alter VEGF maintenance of pulmonary endothelial cells by altering VEGF and VEGF-receptor expression and signaling. The effect of cigarette smoke may be partially related to the induction of nitric oxide, since, as we have previously shown, nitric oxide can downregulate VEGF and VEGFreceptor gene expression by cultured cells in rat lungs. This interruption of VEGF maintenance of pulmonary endothelial cells by cigarette smoke may result in emphysema due to pulmonary endothelial cell death, followed by progressive disappearance of the alveolar septum by apoptosis.


Bank payouts divert cash to shareholders, while leaving behind riskier and less liquid assets to repay debt holders in the future. Bank payouts, therefore, constitute a type of risk-shifting that benefits equity holders at the expense of debt holders. In this paper, we provide insights on how CEO incentives stemming from inside debt (primarily defined benefit pensions and deferred compensation) impact bank payout policy in a manner that protects debt holder interests. We show that CEOs with higher inside debt relative to inside equity are associated with more conservative bank payout policies. Specifically, CEOs paid with more inside debt are more likely to cut payouts and to cut payouts by a larger amount. Reductions in payouts occur through a decrease in both dividends and repurchases. Our results also hold over a subsample of TARP banks where we expect the link between risk-shifting and payouts to be of particular relevance because it involves wealth transfers from the taxpayer to equity holders. We conclude that inside debt can help in addressing risk-shifting concerns by aligning the interests of CEOs with those of creditors, regulators, and in the case of TARP banks, the taxpayer.


This study aims to investigate class teacher candidates' attitudes towards reading habit according to some variables, such as, gender, type of education and grade level. The study was carried out on 400 class teacher candidates in Faculty of education in Mustafa Kemal University. For obtaining data, attitude scale of reading habit was used. Mean, Standard deviation, t-test oneway anova were used in analyz- ing data. The study revealed that there was a significant difference according to gen- der in attitudes of class teacher candidates towards reading habits, however, there was not a significant difference according to type of education and grade level.


Abstract : Beam propagation codes such as the hose simulation code VIPER require simple models for treating the generation of conductivity by the bean pulse. The VIPER conductivity model calculates the electron density n sub e (r,zeta,z) where zeta = ct-z is the distance from the beam head. The rate equation for n sub e treaties beam impact ionization, avalanche ionization, and recombination. Rate coefficients and momentum transfer frequency are functions of the electron temperature T sub e which is itself estimated from the ratio of the local electric field to the neutral gas density. Since VIPER treats both monopole and dipole beam dynamics, the perturbed or dipole conductivity must also be calculated. Benchmark comparisons between the VIPER model and more elaborate treatments of beam-generated conductivity are also presented. Keywords: Air chemistry; Beam propagation; Charge particle beam; Beam generated ionization; Beam generated conductivity; Intense relativistic electron beam.


Experiments are reported in which the performance under malicious attack of discrete cosine transform-based digital watermarking has been investigated. Image-processing operators (attack operators) have been found that are able to impair significantly the embedded watermark without any knowledge of the secret keys used for the embedding process. Of these, the Laplacian removal operator proved to be particularly effective. Such operators need to be recognised and understood in the design of effective watermarking schemes.


Objective: This review aimed at studying the effects of Pilates as an alternative method of exercise on blood pressure in women with hypertension. Design and Methods: A systematic literature search was performed as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines 2020. Databases searched were PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Trial Registry and Database, Physical Therapy Evidence Database (PEDro) applying keywords as pilates, mat pilates, blood pressure, hypertension, elevated blood pressure, systemic hypertension, women. Filters applied were studies published between (01/01/2002 up to 25/06/2022), randomized, non-randomized clinical trials and English language. The Boolean operators used were AND, OR, NOT. Eligibility criteria: The articles selected for data synthesis required the following criteria for inclusion: Population: women with systemic hypertension, Intervention: Pilates in any mode of administration (Mat, Reformer, Cadillac, Barrel) Comparison group: Control group that has not undergone Pilates training, Outcomes: Arterial blood pressure parameters measured using both mercurial, oscillometric sphygmomanometers, Study Design: Randomized or non-randomized clinical trials. Results: A total of 137 records were retrieved from the databases (Cochrane Reviews and Trials Registry (n = 6), PubMed (MEDLINE) (n = 23), CINAHL (n = 13), Scopus (n = 90) and PEDro (n = 5). Deduplication was implemented using the Mendeley® software version yielding a total of 126 records. Records were further excluded based on eligibility (differences in target population: pregnancy, normotensive women, diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, obesity, pulmonary disease, cancer, mental health, reviews, registered trial protocols and others). The included records (n = 7) were screened (title, abstract and full text) for eligibility by two independent reviewers. Data extraction and synthesis was done using Rayyan® software for systematic reviews by two independent reviewers regulated by a third senior reviewer. Quality assessment of each article was done using the Jadad® Scale for quality of evidence provided in each article. Out of the 7 studies selected, 3 studies were randomized controlled clinical trials. Significant reduction in systolic, mean arterial blood pressures was reported (n = 5). Diastolic blood pressure did not significantly change with Pilates training (n = 3). Reduction in ambulatory blood pressures, diurnal blood pressures were reported (n = 3). Pilates training was either administered using mats (n = 5) or equipments (n = 2) in combination with aerobic exercise or alone (n = 1). Conclusion: Systolic and mean arterial blood pressure have been found to be significantly lowered with Mat Pilates or equipment based Pilates in combination or alone in pre and postmenopausal women with hypertension.


With the rapid development of new energy power generation technology, the power system's requirements for power supply capacity and transmission efficiency have increased significantly. Facing the continuous development of power electronic technology, a large number of power electronic switching components and dynamic components have been incorporated into the power system. In contrast, DC distribution network has technical advantages over AC distribution network in many fields. As an important part of the DC distribution network, converter has strong nonlinear dynamic characteristics, which will have a serious impact on stable operation. In addition, the fault transient characteristics of power electronic systems are complex and short in duration, which not only limits the application of passive detection and protection technology, but also brings difficulties to the detection and location of faults in distribution lines. Traditional fault classification and ranging methods have a series of problems such as fault resistance, line branch reflection, single judgment of fault interval, and inaccurate fault location. In response to this, this article proposes a converter-based new active detection DC distribution network fault identification and ranging technology. In more detail, this technology uses converter as an active detection method for power electronics DC power supply. First, DC detection signal is injected into the line through the power electronics DC power supply. Then, the fault type signal is identified by detecting the response signal. Finally, the voltage and current spectra obtained by Fourier decomposition are used to calculate the harmonic impedance and perform fault location. This method uses the converter in the DC distribution network, which not only does not require additional equipment, but also is basically not affected by the fault resistance, with the advantages of accurate detection results and fast speed. Moreover, the experimental platform is built to conduct experiments in various failure scenarios to verify the feasibility of the technology.


THE MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTER ARE DESCRIBED OF GROUND VIBRATIONS CAUSED BY BLASTING A 12 FT DIAMETER PILOT TUNNEL THROUGH SANDSTONE IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE SECOND MERSEY ROAD TUNNEL. THE BASIC PROPERTIES OF A GROUND WAVE ARE SHOWN TO BE THE FREQUENCY AND AMPLITUDE. THE FREQUENCY IS DEPENDENT ON THE TYPE OF GROUND WHILE THE AMPLITUDE DEPENDS ON THE WEIGHT OF EXPLOSIVE CHARGE, THE GROUND TYPE, AND THE DISTANCE FROM THE BLAST. A FORMULA FOR PREDICTING THE AMPLITUDE OF VIBRATION, FIRST DEVELOPED BY MORRIS, IS SHOWN TO BE INACCURATE AT SHORT DISTANCES AND A MODIFICATION IS DEVELOPED. A COMPARISON IS MADE OF VIBRATIONS IN THE BEDROCK AND IN THE CLAY OVERBURDEN, AND THE EFFECT OF USING SHORT DELAY DETONATORS INSTEAD OF HALF-SECOND DETONATORS IS OBSERVED. THE EFFECT OF GROUND VIBRATIONS ON BUILDINGS IS DESCRIBED AND A CRITERION OF DAMAGE IS GIVEN, I.E., THE LEVEL OF VIBRATION ABOVE WHICH DAMAGE TO A STRUCTURE WILL RESULT. /AUTHOR/


Ball-grid array (BGA) packages are widely used in digital signal devices, whose reliability and signal integrity are critical. In this research, the impact of failed ground solder balls on digital signal waveforms was theoretically modeled and analyzed, and the results were experimentally verified. A 3-D electromagnetic field model of a digital signal transmission channel with failed ground solder balls was developed to analyze the signal transmission in the frequency domain. In addition, a time-domain waveform simulation system was developed to examine the changes in the digital signal waveforms before and after degradation. Based on the structural and signal transmission characteristics of the solder area with failed ground solder balls, an equivalent circuit model of the degraded solder area was developed, which accurately predicts the effect of the failed ground solder balls on the amplitude and rising edge of the digital signals. The results obtained from the simulation were validated using experimental tests. This study fully examines the effects of the location and number of failed ground solder ball on signal transmission in both the frequency and the time domain. It provides insight and guidance regarding the impact on signal integrity of such faults, which serves to assist in improved packaging reliability and the development of fault detection strategies for such electronic systems.


The existence of an inverse Doppler effect in free space is scrutinized due to some papers reporting the existence of such a phenomenon in the near zone of a moving radiating dipole. In the present case the wave scattered from a perfectly conducting thin cylinder moving in the presence of a plane electromagnetic wave is analyzed. The response of such a cylinder may considered as a monopole or a dipole in accordance with the polarization of the incident wave. An intensive numerical spectral estimation based on the fundamental definitions of the terms "frequency", "spectrum" and "uncertainty" is performed on the scattered wave in various ranges. An inverse Doppler effect was never found.


Photograph of a train wreck in Bayou Goula, Louisiana. Two power lines are partially knocked over next to the cars, and there is a man in a foreground. Written below the image are "Bayou Goula, La. July 10th 1940 train #54 through freight, 54 cars damaged - engineer Chas Israel" and "R. A. Aymond Collection - Talbot Grant Collection."


In many developing countries, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is expected to accelerate economic development. For that reason, both host country and home country try to simulate the flow of FDI. The purpose of this article is to examine whether FDI affects to economic growth in east Asian or not.


This article looks at some aspects of good governance and development which play a critical role in improving the internal security scenario throughout the country. A greater reliance on decentralised and community based institutions, equitable spread of developmental endeavour, an accesible and responsive administrative machinery, and effective grievance redressal mechanism at various levels are some of the key factors that can usher development-oriented governance. It reiterates the importance of maintaining a high level of social contentment and order to facilitate developmental activities and social equity. Only then the benefits of development can be felt in every corner of the nation.


Abstract The ground state rotational spectrum of the C 3ν symmetric top molecule trimethylamine was measured from 8 to 700 GHz using microwave and millimeter-wave Fourier-transform spectroscopies as well as far-infrared laser sidebands spectroscopy. The nitrogen quadrupole coupling constant was accurately determined: eQq ( 14 N) = −5.5002(18) MHz. A centrifugal distortion analysis was performed and all the determinable sextic constants were accurately determined. For high- J values, a splitting of the K = 3 lines was observed and the splitting constant h 3 was determined.


Western spruce budworm (Choristoneura freemani Razowski, 2008) is the most widely distributed insect herbivore in western North American coniferous forests. By partially or completely defoliating tree crowns, budworms influence fluxes of water, nutrients, and organic carbon from forest canopies to soils and, in turn, soil chemistry. To quantify these effects, throughfall water, inorganic nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, as well as fluxes and soil N and P concentrations, were measured in coniferous forest sites with high and background levels of budworm herbivory. Throughfall N and P concentrations and fluxes increased at sites with high budworm levels during and (or) immediately after larval-stage budworm feeding, indicating reduced uptake and (or) greater leaching from canopies as a result of budworm activity. Annual throughfall N fluxes (<67–71 g N·ha−1·year−1) and soil N concentrations were low regardless of herbivory level. In contrast, throughfall P was considerably greater at sites with high herbivory levels (2174 g P·ha−1·year−1) compared with those with background levels (1357 g P·ha−1·year−1), and this was reflected in nearly threefold higher soil P concentrations at sites with high budworm levels. Our findings suggest that by altering throughfall chemistry and soil N:P, budworms could influence elemental export from watersheds.


The effects of low frequency electromagnetic field on the macro-physical fields in the semi-continuous casting process of aluminum alloys and the microstructure and crack in the billets were studied and analyzed by the numerical and experimental methods. Comparison of the results for the macro-physical fields in the low frequency electromagnetic casting (LFEC) process with the conventional DC casting process indicates the following characters due to the application of electromagnetic field: an entirely changed direction and remarkably increased velocity of melt flow; a uniform distribution and a decreased gradient of temperature; elevated isothermal lines; a reduced sump depth; decreased stress and plastic deformation. Further, the microstructure of the billets is refined remarkably and the crack in the billets is eliminated in LFEC process because of modification of the macro-physical fields induced by the application of low frequency electromagnetic field.


Opto‐mechanical interactions in different photonic platforms as optical fibers and optical microresonators are raising great attention, and new exciting achievements have been reported in the last few years. Transverse acoustic mode resonances (TAMRs) in optical fibers –which can be excited optically via electrostriction and generate forward Brillouin scattering (FBS)– are being promoted as the physical mechanism for new fiber‐sensing concepts. Here, the study reports a novel approach to detect and characterize opto‐excited TAMRs of an optical fiber based on the interplay with optical surface wave resonances, i.e., optical whispering‐gallery mode (WGM) resonances. TAMRs induce perturbations in the geometry and the dielectric permittivity of the fiber over the entire cross‐section. It is shown that these perturbations couple the acoustic with the optical resonances and affect WGMs in a noticeable way. The study proposes and demonstrates the use of WGMs for probing opto‐excited TAMRs in optical fibers. This probing technique provides the narrowest linewidths ever reported for the TAMRs and demonstrates an optimum efficiency for the detection of low‐order TAMRs. The interplay between sensitivity, bandwidth, and Q factor of the WGM resonance is discussed.


The present invention relates to an organic semiconductor compound comprising mono-molecules, a method for preparing the same, and an organic solar cell employing the same. More specifically, the invention relates to: a monomolecular organic semiconductor compound in which an aromatic compound containing an alkyl imide in an electron acceptor region within the molecule is introduced; a method for preparing the same; a polymer compound containing the monomolecular organic semiconductor compound; and an organic solar cell containing the polymer compound.


this paper researched and analyzed the affecting factors on the development and generalization of "Bashan dance",and pointed out "Bashan dance" must take advantage of scientific concept of development,form a road based on the inheritance and development of market which is government-led and closely related to the economic development,school sports,health consciousness and tourism.


This study purposed the optimization of gaultherin production from "gandapura" by inactivating the gaultherase enzyme, including gaultherin productivity and process parameters. This research applied the combination processes of extraction-dryer, simultanously. The productivity of gaultherin was improved by adding the drying agent, such as magnesium sulfate, sodium sulfate, calcium chloride, and calcium sulfate. The optimization was conducted using a factorial design 2n. Dependent variables determined by calculating the main effects and interactions, following by the application of probability plots. During the research, the content of gaultherin, methyl salicylate, salicylic acid were measured by using a spectrophotometer and HPLC-MS. The results shows that the higher concentration of drying agent (especially calcium chloride) and ethanol, increased the content of gaultherin. However, the most influenced factor to this conducted process was pH, regarding to the concentration of ethanol. During extraction, the higher the pH, increased the active compound of gaultherin. The optimum condition of enzyme inactivation was found at pH 8 with the content of gaultherin at 14.46%. The higher the solvent concentration of ethanol, the higher content of gaultherin can be extracted. The maximum process condition regarding to ethanol concentration found at 90% with active compound concentration at 13.10%.


The water quality of many streams in Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya is affected by agricultural intensification, municipal and industrial effluent, as well as water abstraction, livestock and deforestation. Management efforts have been hampered by lack of clear standards against which to judge the degree of environmental degradation. To achieve this goal, a macroinvertebrate-based Index of Biotic Integrity was developed to monitor ecological integrity of selected rivers occurring in the same ecological zone in the upper reaches of the basin. Macroinvertebrates were sampled with a Surber sampler at 22 stations. The stations were grouped into three condition categories (reference, intermediate and impaired stations) according to the level of degradation. Twenty metrics representing the structural and functional organization of macroinvertebrates were computed using Mann-Whitney U tests. The separation power of the metrics was evaluated using box plots. Final metrics were evaluated for responsiveness by Pearson's correlations with physicochemical parameters. Of the 20 metrics, 9 met the test criteria, as they displayed variability across the stations, and were used to provide the final scores for Macroinvertebrate Index of Biotic Integrity (M-IBI). Metric values at both reference and impaired sites were used to establish the scoring criteria using inter-quartile ranges. This index provided preliminary evidence of response to changes in ecosystem integrity exhibited by resident macroinvertebtrate assemblages in rivers in the upper reaches of Lake Victoria Basin. It was recommended that the index developed be used to assess and monitor rivers in the upper catchments of Lake Victoria Basin in Kenya.


An effective method is proposed for the modeling of a valve body with the help of a finite element method. Through the use of a structural analysis finite element method an analytical calculation was conducted of the valve body of a main steam regulating valve for a Chinese made 125 MW steam turbine. It includes such a variety of items as the valve body temperature field, thermal stress field, mechanical stress field and comprehensive stress field under the startup and shut down operating conditions respectively at cold, warm and hot states. As a result, obtained were the detailed temperature field at key points under cold startup and shut down operating conditions as well as the variation relationship of its corresponding thermal stress fields. In addition, also presented are the stress field calculation results of the valve body under the warm and hot startup and shutdown operating conditions with the loss of valve body service life being evaluated at various state startups.


Vietnam is perhaps the only country in the world to have engaged in so many intensive and marathon negotiations with the US over the past few decades. These include the Paris peace talks of 1968-73, negotiations on the normalization of bilateral diplomatic ties (1992-95), the Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) (1996-2000) and on Permanent Normal Trade Relations (PNTR) (2003-06) which paved the way for Vietnam's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) on 1 January 2007. These negotiations underscored the complexity of the relationship, yet were also instrumental in helping Vietnam and the US to better understand each other. It is difficult to appreciate how far and how quickly the Vietnamese-US relationship has evolved without having a good grasp of the difficulties bilateral ties have experienced over the years. In his article, Professor Brown presents a detailed and comprehensive account of the decades-long rapprochement process in which the national interests — including strategic interests — of both the US and Vietnam influenced the nature and intensity of negotiations. In assessing the history of this rapprochement, it is important to understand Vietnam's perspectives.


A trial on top grafting technique of non-wood stock for Salix×aureopendula was introduced in this paper.This technique could shorten raising-seedlings time for 4~5 years,so the seedling cost could be reduced greatly that a remarkable economic effect would be obtained.


PROOF: The fact that for σ small enough, all Markovian equilibria take a threshold form is a direct consequence of Lemma A.1, applied to the class of one-shot games augmented with the continuation values associated to Markovian equilibria. We now show that thresholds (xi σ xi σ) satisfy |xi σ − x−i σ |. This follows from the fact that given an equilibrium threshold x−i σ , then player i knows that if xi t < x−i σ − σ player −i will play E, so that player i's best reply is to play E as well. Similarly, if xi t > x−i σ + σ , then player i knows that player −i will play S and her best reply is to play S as well. Q.E.D.


A W-CDMA direct-conversion front-end receiver chip consisting of a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a dual-gain RF variable-gain amplifier (RF-VGA), two direct-down-conversion mixers, a I/Q quadrature generator, and a base-band five-gain-stage VGA is designed and manufactured in a 0.25 /spl mu/m IBM SiGe BiCMOS production process. A very low DC offset value (<300 /spl mu/V) is measured at the output of the mixers as the LO signal is fed into the chip at twice the RF frequency. An extremely low local oscillator (LO) leakage of -105 dBm is measured at the LNA input, partly due to the excellent LO-to-RF isolation provided by the RF-VGA and the direct-conversion mixers. The measured cascaded noise figure for the chip (including the SAW filter) is 4.3 dB at the maximum gain mode, and the IIP2 and IIP3 are +37 and -16.5 dBm, respectively. The I/Q channels exhibit a small mismatch in magnitude (<0.1 dB) and in phase (1/spl deg/-1.5/spl deg/). The chip draws 24.9 mA from a 2.85V supply. The overall chip performance meets all the essential parameters of W-CDMA receiver front-end specs.


Low oil price and increased environmental regulations presents a new frontier for many indigenous oil and gas companies in Nigeria. In mature fields with significant water production, produced water treatment and handling could easily account for up to a third of OPEX.
 Underground produced water disposal is a tested approach that has been used worldwide with mixed results. Studies have been published on the subject; however, it was observed that there were no Niger Delta case studies. This paper presents SEPLAT's subsurface approach to in-field water disposal, drawing upon geological and petroleum engineering analysis coupled with learnings from over 6 years of produced water re-injection experience. Some of the areas that will be discussed include reservoir selection/screening methodology, water quality impact on permeability, produced water disposal well selection/completion, operating philosophy, general surveillance, and basic separation requirements.
 Thirteen reservoirs located within 2 proximal fields were screened for suitability and ranked as possible candidates for water disposal based on 8 criteria. The best 2 were then high-graded and detailed studies carried out, spanning detailed geological characterization for reservoir quality and connectivity (including quantitative interpretation), to dynamic simulation, injection well location optimization and performance prediction (for clean water). The results of core flood tests were incorporated.
 It is recommended that total suspended solids should not exceed 5 mg/L, with a maximum of 5 microns particle size, under matrix injection conditions while oil content should be limited to below 30-50 ppm. Tolerance for TSS can be relaxed to 10ppm – 50ppm at fracturing conditions, depending on the reservoir parameters and process systems. The knowledge of these parameters should drive the technology selection for optimum water treatment and injection.


The principle of cold in-place recycling technology of waste asphalt was introduced based on the development of the recycling technology of waste asphalt at home and abroad.The advantages and disadvantages of cold in-place recycling and mechanic ciaracter were discussed.The technological parameter of abroad cold recycling machine and hope to provide reference for cold recycling aftertime.


Poor petrophysical property and low porosity badly affect application of nuclear magnetic resonance logging(NMR) in dense gas reservoir,and following measures proved to be a valuable aid in overcoming the difficulty: Optimized measurement mode referring to estimative T1 and T2 values of objective interval in pre-logging design stage to enhance gas signal;use of the T2 value of the valley in bimodal T2 distribution as the T2 cutoff value when the T2 cutoff value from core analysis is not available;comprehensive analysis of differential spectrum method (DSM) and shifted spectrum method(SSM),etc..Moreover,NMR is outstandingly sensitive to movable fluid but is merely able to touch wash zone or invasion zone limited by its shallow investigation depth,while resistivity logging is able to measure original formation based on its deep investigation ability,so that integration of NMR and conventional log is helpful in correct evaluation of dense gas reservoir.


We calculate the closed analytic form of the solution of heat kernel equation for the anisotropic generalizations of flat Laplacian. We consider a UV as well as UV/IR interpolating generalizations. In all cases, the result can be expressed in terms of Fox-Wright psi-functions. We perform different consistency checks, analytically reproducing some of the previous numerical or qualitative results, such as spectral dimension flow. Our study should be considered as a first step towards the construction of a heat kernel for curved Hořava-Lifshitz geometries, which is an essential ingredient in the spectral action approach to the construction of the Hořava-Lifshitz gravity.


Ordinary software applications like the MS Office programs (Word, Excel. PowerPoint, Outlook, etc) are so large and powerful these days that few users exploit all their features. While there may be no need for a home user to fully harness these applications, an educator can put them to extraordinary uses with a little bit of skill and ingenuity. This paper, based on an oral presentation given at Sophia University on the occasion of SOLIFIC's 25 th anniversary, offers a few innovative and practical ways in which some ordinary applications can be used. The aim of the paper is to stimulate educators, especially those interested in using personal computers, to explore more deeply the software applications they have so that they may use them creatively for various academic purposes.


The hydrologic modeling and data community has embraced the open source movement as evidenced by the ever increasing number of FAIR models and datasets available to investigators. Although this has resulted in new science through innovative model application, development, and coupling, the idiosyncratic design of many of these models and datasets acts as a speed bump that slows the time-to-science.

The Basic Model Interface version 2.0 (BMI) specification lowers this hurdle by defining a standardized interface for both models and data. This allows all models and datasets with a BMI to look alike, regardless of their underlying implementation or, in fact, even if they are truly a model or a dataset. With idiosyncratic implementation details obscured, models and data are more easily and quickly picked up and used - if you know how to use one BMI model, you know how to use any BMI model.

In addition, a common interface allows models and data to more easily be brought into a single framework in which they can be queried, run, coupled, and analyzed using a standard set of tools. The Community Surface Dynamics Modeling System (CSDMS) has developed such a modeling framework, the Python Modeling Toolkit (pymt). Although this framework was initially written for the coupling of BMI-enabled numerical models, we have extended it to include BMI-enabled datasets as well. Within such a framework, investigators are able, in a reproducible way, to: compare models to one another using a common dataset, validate models to data, ingest data into a model, swap models and data within a workflow.

As a demonstration of model-data coupling within the pymt, we present examples where BMI-enabled datasets (e.g. USGS gage data, the Operational National Hydrologic Model, NOAA’s National Water Model) are used to drive hydrologic models (e.g. FaSTMECH, PRMS).


The present invention discloses a method for breeding young branches cutting hair purple Camellia including seedling, the mother seedling cultivation, collection and treatment of cuttings, the cuttings and cuttings management step, the hair purple Camellia seedlings incubated in a container obtained as scion mother shoots are transplanted to nursery incubated promote sprouting, purple hair collected as camellia shoots cuttings in the matrix with cutting cutting bed, cutting bed within the control light, relative humidity and moisture content of the substrate, to obtain purple hair cutting Camellia wood seedlings. After extensive tests proved the present invention, for hair purple bud Camellia strong features, first masterbatch scion seedlings in the nursery cultivation careful management and protection, and then be cut dry promote sprouting, scion cutting, this method nursery land conditions require strict, easy to manage, a large number of cuttings provided.


The role of racial identity in the stress process was examined in a sample (N = 174) of African American doctoral students and graduates of doctoral programs. Racial discrimination and psychological distress (negative affect, depression, and anxiety) were assessed each day for a period of two weeks. Multilevel random coefficient modeling analyses revealed that unique dimensions of racial identity were associated with greater exposure to daily racial discrimination. Individuals higher in racial centrality were more likely to report daily encounters of racial discrimination than those lower in racial centrality. In contrast, individuals higher in private regard were less likely to report these encounters than those lower in private regard. Finally, the daily association between racial discrimination and psychological distress was stronger for individuals high in racial centrality. Specifically, racial centrality exacerbated the effects of daily racial discrimination on negative affect and depression. Implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the daily experiences of African Americans in doctoral contexts.


Orhan Guliyev, Elgun Heziyev, Shelale Ismayilova, Arzu Ibishova, Mehman AgayevAzerbaijan Medical Unixersity, Baku, Azerbaijan PuRPOSE ANd RElEvANCE: Although renal transplantation improves survival, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality still remain as a significant problem compared with nonrenal populations. In end stage renal disease metabolic cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, hyperuricemia, obesity and diabetes mellitus have been confirmed to be positively correlated with arterial stiffness. Arterial stiffness is an important characteristic of the arterial wall and can be assessed noninvasively by the measurement of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWv). The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for arterial stiffness in kidney transplant recipients�PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and forty nine kidney transplant recipients from our renal transplant outpatient clinic were enrolled into the study.METHOdS ANd ANAlySIS: All patients were evaluated for their standard clinical (age, gender, duration of hemodialysis, post-transplant time), biochemical parameters. Anthropometric and body composition analyses were performed for all patients. Body compositions were analyzed by using the Body Composition Analyzer (Tanita BC- 420MA). PWv was determined from pressure tracing over carotid and femoral arteries using the SphygmoCor system.RESulTS: Patients were divided into two groups according to PWv levels. The frequency of patients with PWv ≥ 7 m/s was higher in patients with new onset diabetes (55.9%), hyperuricemia (uric acid level > 7 mg/dl) (p:0.029, 0.05). Highercarotid-femoral PWv was significantly related with systolic (p:0.003) and diastolic blood pressure (p:0.002),


The study of CR-submanifolds of a Khler manifold was initiated by Bejancu (I). Since then many papers have appeared on CR-submanifolds of a Khler manifold. Also, it has been studied that generic submanifolds of KJihler manifolds (2) are generalisations of holomorphic submanifolds, totally real submanifolds and CR-submanifolds of Khler manifolds. On the other hand, many examples


Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) has a crucial role in many gynaecological complaint and delay in diagnosis can cause irreversible damages. The new diagnostic technique GeneXpert system is accurate and rapid test can make paradigm shift in FGTB treatment. The aim of the study to estimate efficacy of different tests i.e. AFB BACTEC culture, molecular assay (TB-PCR) and histopathology in comparison to GeneXpert system to detect FGTB. The prospective observational study was conducted in between January, 2018 and June, 2019. Randomly selected total 62 patients were put under all four diagnostic tests from endometrial sampling. The positivity of genital TB and efficacy of the tests were compared with test result of GeneXpert assay.In our study, out of 62 patients, most commonly 33.9% were each from age group of 21-30 and 31-40 years i.e. reproductive ages, 45.2% were overweight, primary infertility of 48.4% patients were predominant symptomatology. Overall positivity by GeneXpert test was 21% (3/62), histopathology 8.1% (5/62), AFB BACTEC culture 12.9% (8/62) and 24.2% (15/62%) by molecular assay (TB-PCR). On evaluating against our diagnostic tests, specificity of histopathology, AFB BACTEC Culture and TB-PCR was 97.96%, 95.92% and 75.51%. The diagnostic tests were analysed by Kappa measure agreement in comparison to GeneXpert assay. The histopathology and AFB BACTEC Culture showed fair and moderate agreement respectively, but on the contrary TB-PCR have not showed any agreement with GeneXpert assay.High degree of suspicion and battery of tests needed for diagnosis of genital TB. Rapid diagnosis by GeneXpert assay may play a crucial role in TB control programme. Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) has a crucial role in many gynaecological complaint and delay in diagnosis can cause irreversible damages. The new diagnostic technique GeneXpert system is accurate and rapid test can make paradigm shift in FGTB treatment.


Vessalico is a small village close to Imperia (Liguria region), where garlic is a typical crop. The garlic of Vessalico is a product that is very appreciated being one of the most traditional and top quality food in Italy. The division of Agricultural Machinery and Farm Mechanization of the Department of Agronomy and Agroecosystem Management and the CIRAA "E. Avanzi" of the University of Pisa, in collaboration with the Agriculture and Civil Defence department of the Liguria Region and the cooperative of farmers "A Resta", carried out a trial aimed to study the possibility of introducing a mechanization chain in order to solve the main agronomic problems of the garlic cultivation in this area, such as sowing, weed control and harvesting, thus improving garlic yield and quality. Ordinary organic garlic crop management was compared with an innovative system in which physical weed control was carried out using a rolling harrow, two flame weeding machines and a precision hoe. The innovative treatments increased whole plant and bulbs dry weight of about 38 and 78% respectively, and reduced weed biomass at harvest up to 77%.


The debate on whether or not the Chinese currency is undervalued has been one of the most intensely debated economic subjects in recent times. The opinions amongst economists as well as politicians ...


Security testing is fundamental to identifying security vulnerabilities on smart home-based IoT devices. For this, penetration testing is the most prominent and effective solution. However, testing the IoT manually is cumbersome and time-consuming. In addition, penetration testing requires a deep knowledge of the possible attacks and the available hacking tools. Therefore, this study emphasises building an automated penetration testing framework to discover the most common vulnerabilities in smart home-based IoT devices. This research involves exploring (studying) different IoT devices to select five devices for testing. Then, the common vulnerabilities for the five selected smart home-based IoT devices are examined, and the corresponding penetration testing tools required for the detection of these vulnerabilities are identified. The top five vulnerabilities are identified from the most common vulnerabilities, and accordingly, the corresponding tools for these vulnerabilities are discovered. These tools are combined using a script which is then implemented into a framework written in Python 3.6. The selected IoT devices are tested individually for known vulnerabilities using the proposed framework. For each vulnerability discovered in the device, the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Base score is calculated and the summation of these scores is taken to calculate the total score (for each device). In our experiment, we found that the Tp-Link Smart Bulb and the Tp-Link Smart Camera had the highest score and were the most vulnerable and the Google Home Mini had the least score and was the most secure device of all the devices. Finally, we conclude that our framework does not require technical expertise and thus can be used by common people. This will help improve the field of IoT security and ensure the security of smart homes to build a safe and secure future.


Lithium-ion battery will emit gas-liquid escapes from the safety valve when it gets in an accident. The escapes contains a large amount of visible white vaporized electrolyte and some colorless gas. Effective identification of the white vaporized electrolyte and an early warning can greatly reduce the risk of fire, even an explosion in the energy storage power stations. In this paper, an early warning method of lithium-ion battery fire is proposed, which is based on gas-liquid escape image recognition. Firstly, an image recogonition algorithm based on the YOLOv3 is proposed. The original Darknet53 feature extraction network in the algorithm is replaced with a lightweight ReXNet feature extraction network, considering the safety requirements of fast and accurate identification of the storage. In addition, the K-means clustering algorithm is used to obtain appropriate initialized anchor boxes to speed up the convergence of the model. Finally, the multi-scale feature fusion is combined with the path aggregation network to improve the detection accuracy of the model, so that the model can achieve good recognition of both large and small targets. The results show that the method shows a good effect in identifying the vaporized electrolyte of the actual lithium-ion battery storage. The model prediction speed tested on the GTX1650 graphics card can reach 65 frames per second, and the average accuracy is 84.35%. It basically meets the needs of practical applications. The research in this paper can further improve the safety of lithium-ion battery energy storage power stations and promote the healthy development of electrochemical energy storage.


A method for recovering a baseboard management controller (BMC) by determining, by a basic input/output system (BIOS), whether a BMC recovery mode is generated by a recovery mode jumper being triggered. The system performing the method can further install, if the recovery jumper is not triggered, a BMC firmware update driver and detect, if the recovery jumper is not triggered, a BMC image. The system that performs the method can further update, if the recovery jumper is not triggered, the BMC firmware and copy to a backup image, if the recovery jumper is not triggered, the BMC firmware update.


Clival lesions still represent a challenge for neurosurgeons. A variety of expansive process, either benign or malignant, may be identified in the clival and paraclival region. Surgery of this region with classical open approaches is associated with a significant rate of complication, and the treatment is risky despite technological progress. The acceptance and utilization of endoscopic techniques on a regular basis in transsphe‐ noidal surgery have allowed its application to regions far beyond the sella turcica, such as to reach the clival and paraclival region. Long-term follow-up studies show how the extent of oncological resection is related to long-term prognosis for the most common clival malignancies. Gross total removal is therefore mandatory, and the selection of the best surgical approach is essential for the achievement of this goal. The choice of the surgical approach depends on the location and the extent of the lesion. Through a complete overview of surgical anatomy, we propose a surgical classification with three corridors in the sagittal plane and three zones in the coronal plane. We finally summarize the indications and the limits for the endoscopic technique. In selected cases, endoscopic approaches allow similar oncological outcomes as classical open approaches with a lower rate of complications.


John C. Calhoun's reputation as a "cast iron" logician is challenged. Logical faults are disclosed in the deductive validity and inductive verity of his inferences. These faults notwithstanding, Calhoun made an original and significant contribution to American political thought.


This study investigated English teachers' beliefs about how recent legislated changes had affected aspects of their working lives and the extent to which centrally determined objectives were already incorporated into schools' programs of development. Data were collected in the 1991-92 and 1995-96 school years. In the first phase, interviews with English teachers asked about their responses to the 1988 Education Reform Act of England, which introduced national standards, standardized testing and assessment, changes in budgetary control, and new structures for school governance. In the second study phase, teachers from several other countries were interviewed about characteristics and antecedents of the nominated change and the impact of the change on their work lives. Data analysis indicate that many teachers complied overtly with change requirements while reserving the right to maintain freedom of thought and action when possible. The educational changes that most affected teachers' work over time were those related to curriculum and pedagogy, which caused a great deal of anxiety and confusion. When compared with teachers from other countries, English teachers were overwhelmingly positive about change. Few considered themselves resisters. The impact of change was greatest on the working lives of older teachers. (Contains 3 tables, 2 figures, and 11 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. AERA 2000, New Orleans April 24 28, 2000 A ROUNDTABLE PRESENTATION RECEPTIVENESS AND RESISTANCE TO EDUCATIONAL CHANGE EXPERIENCES OF ENGLISH TEACHERS IN THE 1990S. Pam Poppleton Department of Educational Studies University of Sheffield 388 GI Glossop road Sheffield, S10 2JA Phone (0114) 222 2000-04-17 Fax (0114) 279 6236 Ext. 28089 e-mail p.poppleton.ac.uk 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Eight Streptomyces species having hairy-surfaced spores were examined by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. On the basis of the flexibility of the spore chains and the appearance of the spores, three subgroups are proposed.


Received November 13, 2017 Revised January 15, 2018 Accepted January 18, 2018 Address for correspondence Myoung Su Choi, MD Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Eulji University Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, 95 Dunsanseo-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35233, Korea Tel +82-42-611-3129 Fax +82-42-611-3136 E-mail email@example.com Background and Objectives Diagnostic features of peritonsillar abscess are an asymmetrically enlarged palatine tonsil with peripheral rim enhancement and central low density in the post-contrast computed tomography (CT). Although it is necessary to differentiate tumorous conditions of tonsils to compare preand post-contrast CT, pre-contrast CT may be less useful in the diagnosis of peritonsillar abscess. This study aims to evaluate of the efficacy of single post-contrast CT for diagnosis and treatment of peritonsillar abscess. Subjects and Method We retrospectively compared 29 patients with peritonsillar abscess, who were diagnosed by single post-contrast CT, with 36 patients diagnosed by preand postcontrast CT to determine the success rates of pus drainage and hospital days. Additionally, two otorhinolaryngologists made a judgment of abscess presence for sixty randomly mixed CT images of peritonsillar abscess or tonsillitis with preand post-contrast CT or single post-contrast CT. Results There were no significant differences in the success rate of drainage (p=0.622) and hospital days (p=0.504) between groups with/without pre-contrast CT. Abscess presence was judged by raters with/without pre-contrast CT. Inter-rater agreement value (Cohen's kappa) was 0.825 (p<0.01). Conclusion Single post-contrast CT of peritonsillar abscess may be a good alternative for diagnosis and treatment and may reduce unnecessary exposure to radiation. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2018;61(2):99-102


Enhancing urban biodiversity is increasingly advanced as a nature-based solution that can help align public health and biodiversity conservation agendas. Yet, research on the relationship between biodiversity and psychological well-being provides inconsistent results. The goal of this interdisciplinary research was to understand how components of psychological well-being of green space users relate to species richness and abundance. Additionally, we investigated how key characteristics that shape the way people interact with nature, affinity towards nature and ecological knowledge, moderate the well-being biodiversity relationship. We sampled bird, butterfly and plant in 24 urban gardens in Israel and distributed 600 close-ended questionnaires in-situ to measure psychological well-being, nature-relatedness, ecological knowledge, perceived species richness and demographics. Components of psychological well-being were mostly associated with perceived species richness and to lesser extent with actual species richness and abundance for all taxa. Nature-relatedness moderated these relationships. Respondents with high nature-relatedness demonstrated positive well-being-richness relationships, while those with intermediate, or low, nature-relatedness showed no, or even negative relationships, respectively. Opposite relationships were recorded for bird abundance, i.e., negative versus positive well-being-abundance relationship for individuals with high or low nature-relatedness, respectively. Overall, individuals demonstrated poor ecological knowledge of species and this variable moderated the relationships between well-being components and perceived butterfly richness and bird abundance. Our results demonstrate that one-size-does-not-fit-all when considering the relationship between psychological well-being and biodiversity and that affinity to nature is a key moderator for this relationship.


Objective To evaluate the effects of functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS) combined with allergen-specific immunologic therapy(ASIT) on chronic rhinosinusitis accompanied by allergic rhinitis by observing the changes in serum eosinophile cationic protein(ECP).Methods Fifty-four patients with chronic rhinosinusitis accompanied by allergic rhinitis were divided into two groups according to dust mite allergens.Dust mite group(n=29) was treated with FESS combined with postoperative ASIT and non-dust mite group(n=25) was treated with FESS associated with postoperative budesonide nasal spray.The changes in serum ECP after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results No siginifant differences in the levels of serumal ECP were observed before treatment between dust mite group and non-dust mite group [(25.7±3.1)μg·L-1vs(24.8±2.7)μg·L-1,P0.05].After treatment,serumal ECP levels in dust mite group were lower than those in non-dust mite group[(18.6±2.8)μg·L-1vs(21.8±1.4)μg·L-1,P0.05].Conclusion ASIT can decrease the levels of serumal ECP through reducing eosnophile granulocyte aggregation and activation.The detection of blood ECP may evaluate the prognosis of chronic rhinosinusitis accompanied by allergic rhinitis and the efficacy of specific immunotherapy.


Catastrophic mortality of North American ash (Fraxinus spp.) caused by Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire has been attributed to the lack of coevolved resistance between native ash species and this Asian invader. Although A. planipennis host preference or tree resistance can vary, all North American ash species are presumably highly vulnerable to A. planipennis. We inventoried live and dead blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx.) and white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) in two southeastern Michigan woodlots several years after the A. planipennis invasion to assess their survival. Agrilus planipennis populations in this area peaked in approximately 2005, and the region is now characterized by nearly complete ash mortality. At the Plymouth site, 71% of the original 380 blue ash were alive, whereas only 29 saplings of the original 187 white ash were alive. At the Superior Township site, 63% of the original 210 blue ash were living, whereas all 125 white ash were dead. More than 80% of the blue ash had evidence of p...


Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important enzymes in epigenetic regulation and are therapeutic targets for cancer. Most zinc‐dependent HDACs induce proliferation, dedifferentiation, and anti‐apoptotic effects in cancer cells. We designed and synthesized a new series of pyridone‐based HDAC inhibitors that have a pyridone ring in the core structure and a conjugated system with an olefin connecting the hydroxamic acid moiety. Consequently, most of the selected pyridone‐based HDAC inhibitors showed similar or higher inhibition profiles in addition to remarkable metabolic stability against hydrolysis relative to the corresponding lactam‐based HDAC inhibitors. Furthermore, the selectivity of the novel pyridine‐based compounds was evaluated across all of the HDAC isoforms. One of these compounds, (E)‐N‐hydroxy‐3‐{1‐[3‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)propyl]‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydropyridin‐3‐yl}acrylamide, exhibited the highest level of HDAC inhibition (IC50=0.07 μM), highly selective inhibition of class I HDAC1 and class II HDAC6 enzymes, metabolic stability in mouse liver microsomal studies, and effective growth inhibition of various cancer cell lines. Docking studies indicated that a long alkyl linker and bulky hydrophobic cap groups affect in vitro activities. Overall, the findings reported herein regarding pyridone‐based HDAC inhibitors can be used to guide future research efforts to develop new and effective anticancer therapeutics.


THERE is an increasing determination on the part of neurologists, neurophysiologists, and psychologists to learn more about the brain's organization, function, and behavior. Clinical neurologists observed many years ago that, following certain illnesses affecting the brain, individuals behaved differently, often in characteristic manners. Important observations of this type were made by Broca,' Wernicke,2 Alaj~uanine,~ DBji.rine,4 Marie,: Head,h Hinschelwood,7 Jackson,* Gerstmann,g and others. Extensive work on both human beings and lower animals now has been accomplished with noteworthy contributions from scientists, including Penfield,'" Jasper,I1 Magoun,12 Lindsley,13 Walter,I4 Russell,15 Critchley,lG AndreAjuriaguerra,l* John,l9 Riesen,20 and Olds.21 Nevertheless questions remain, perhaps with basic patterns of the relationship between brain and behavior yet to be ascertained. Further study is needed and our concern has been to secure more information relative to certain observations made by Hinschelwood7 and Gerstmann.9 They noted that a brain disorder might cause a disturbance in reading, arithmetic, right-left orientation, and in other aspects of common everyday behavior and learning. We have found similar conditions in children who are failing in school; we refer to them as psyChoneurologicaI learning disorders. This report concerns findings from one of our studies of this group and represents a way in which we are attempting to analyze possible relationships between minimal involvements of the brain and specific deficiencies in Iearning.


Lignin is the second most earth-abundant biopolymer having aromatic unit structures, but has received less attention than other natural biomaterials. Recent advances in the development of lignin-based materials, such as mesoporous carbon, flexible thin films, and fiber matrix, have found their way into applications to photovoltaic devices, energy storage systems, mechanical energy harvesters, and catalytic components. In this review, we summarize and suggest another dimension of lignin valorization as a building block for the synthesis of functional materials in the fields of energy and environmental applications. We cover lignin-based materials in the photovoltaic and artificial photosynthesis for solar energy conversion applications. The most recent technological evolution in lignin-based triboelectric nanogenerators is summarized from its fundamental properties to practical implementations. Lignin-derived catalysts for solar-to-heat conversion and oxygen reduction are discussed. For energy storage applications, we describe the utilization of lignin-based materials in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors (e.g., electrodes, binders, and separators). We also summarize the use of lignin-based materials as heavy metal adsorbents for environmental remediation. This review paves the way to future potentials and opportunities of lignin as a renewable material for energy and environmental applications.


Dinkelbach's algorithm [Dinkelbach, W. 1967. On nonlinear fractional programming. Management Sci.13 492--498.] solving the parametric equivalent of a fractional program is investigated. It is shown that the algorithm converges superlinearly and often locally quadratically. A priori and a posteriori error estimates are derived. Using those estimates and duality as introduced in Part I, a revised version of the algorithm is proposed. In addition, a similar algorithm is presented where, in contrast to Dinkelbach's procedure, the rate of convergence is still controllable. Error estimates are derived also for this algorithm.


Significance Activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels inhibits neuronal activity in the brain, but details are lacking on how this important pathway influences neural circuits in the reward pathway. Here, we provide an example of where control of trafficking of GIRK channels by a cytoplasmic protein, sorting nexin 27, determines the sensitivity of mice to cocaine in a model of addiction known as locomotor sensitization. These results implicate GIRK channels as a therapeutic target for treating addiction, as well as other psychiatric disorders involving dopamine dysregulation. GABABR-dependent activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels (GIRK or KIR3) provides a well-known source of inhibition in the brain, but the details on how this important inhibitory pathway affects neural circuits are lacking. We used sorting nexin 27 (SNX27), an endosomal adaptor protein that associates with GIRK2c and GIRK3 subunits, to probe the role of GIRK channels in reward circuits. A conditional knockout of SNX27 in both substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons leads to markedly smaller GABABR- and dopamine D2R-activated GIRK currents, as well as to suprasensitivity to cocaine-induced locomotor sensitization. Expression of the SNX27-insensitive GIRK2a subunit in SNX27-deficient VTA dopamine neurons restored GIRK currents and GABABR-dependent inhibition of spike firing, while also resetting the mouse's sensitivity to cocaine-dependent sensitization. These results establish a link between slow inhibition mediated by GIRK channels in VTA dopamine neurons and cocaine addiction, revealing a therapeutic target for treating addiction.


The 3 major objectives of this program are (1) development of experimental and numerical data to evaluate the optimum performance of explosion-stimulated geothermal aquifers; (2) development of a geothermal steam reservoir model to evaluate the many thermophysical, hydrodynamic, and chemical parameters involved; and (3) development of a laboratory model of an explosion-produced chimney to obtain experimental data on the processes of in-place boiling, moving flash fronts, and 2-phase flow in hot porous media, as well as chemical and radiochemical data for the fluids production. The progress achieved during this initial period of the project is reported.


Effective management of any population involves decisions based on the levels of abundance at particular points in time. Hence the choice of an appropriate method to estimate abundance is critical. Deer are not native to Australia and are a declared pest in some states where their numbers must be controlled in environmentally sensitive areas. The aim of this research was to help Australian land managers choose between widely used methods to count deer. We compared population estimates or indices from: distance sampling, aerial surveys, spotlight counts, and faecal pellet counts. For each we estimated the labour input, cost, and precision. The coefficient of variation varied with method and time of year from 8.7 to 36.6%. Total labour input per sampling event varied from 11 to 136 h. Total costs of vehicles and equipment per sampling event varied from AU$913 to $2966. Overall, the spotlight method performed the best at our study site when comparing labour input, total cost and precision. However, choice of the most precise, cost effective method will be site specific and rely on information collected from a pilot study, We provide recommendations to help land managers choose between possible methods in various circumstances.


Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty team sport athletes representing a range of different sports with the aim of investigating their views relating to social loafing in training and competition. General themes investigated and subsequent content analysis highlighted factors that promote or reduce the extent of social loafing. Determinants of self-loafing were grouped according to three distinct categories: Group processes; Task characteristics and Individual perceptions. Social loafing among others was perceived to be prevalent in both the training and competition scenarios with more examples of social loafing provided in the training situation. The signs of social loafing were grouped according to the following themes: Cognitive & Emotional, Behavioural, Communication and Player Intuition. Consequences of social loafing were found to be detrimental to the effort and performance of both the individual and the team. Athletes were also able to differentiate between perceived social loafing and the perceived use of 'strategic rest' in team sports. Implications for the coaching process are far reaching with the need to develop an effective team culture and to provide training sessions that are interesting, engaging and relevant.


In higher plants,flowering transition represents a crucial node from the vegetative stage to the reproductive stage in plant life cycle. This process is controlled by both genetic and environmental factors. The molecular regulating mechanisms of flowering pathways have been studied extensively in Arabidopsis thaliana and several other flowering plants. There are six pathways involved in flowering control,including autonomous pathway,vernalization pathway,photoperiod pathway,gibberellin pathway,carbohydrates induction,and repression pathway. This review summarizes recent progresses on regulating mechanism of flowering transition of anthophyta,and lays the foundation for future floral control of physiology and molecular biology research.


A new scheme of adaptive impulsive synchronization for a class of nonlinear timedelay chaotic systems is proposed in this paper.Firstly based on the Lyapunov stability theory,adaptive control theory and impulsive control theory,the adaptive controller,the impulsive controller and the parametric update laws are designed respectively.Then by the generalized Barbalat's lemma,global asymptotic synchronization between the driving system and the responding system are proved and some corresponding sufficient conditions are also obtained.Some parameters are used to approximate the Lipschitz constants,so that the assumptions that Lipschitz constants are known prior are not needed.Two numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.


The experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of Thai indigenous male goats fed different levels of crude protein (CP) in total mixed rations (TMR). Twenty goats, average body weight of 15.84±2.35 kg were used. The four dietary treatments were randomly allocated into 5 blocks of the animals stratified on their initial body weight. Dietary treatments contained 8, 10, 12 and 14% CP (% of DM) with a concentrate: roughage ratio of 85: 15. The feeding trial lasted for 120 days. At the end of feeding trial, digestion trial was conducted by total collection method for a 7-day period. Increasing levels of CP contents (8, 10, 12 and 14%) significantly lead to increasing amount of crude protein intake (CPI), from 47.00 to 84.81 g/d and digestible crude protein intake, from 2.89 to 6.28 g/BW/d (p<0.05). Increasing CP levels in TMR resulted in linearly increased goat's final body weight (23.10, 23.42, 24.10 and 27.42 kg, respectively), weight gain (6.84, 7.37, 7.60 and 11.06 kg, respectively) and average daily gain (ADG) (56.97, 61.42, 63.30 and 92.13 g/d, respectively) (p<0.01). Crude protein digestibility (62.05, 67.39, 71.23 and 74.89%, respectively) was increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing levels of CP levels in TMR. The results of the regression of CPI (g/BW/d) on ADG (g/BW/d) showed that the goats needed 3.57 g/BW/d to maintain their body weight. The estimation of CP requirement for goat BW gain (g/g gain) was 0.49. It can be concluded that increasing levels of CP content in TMR not only improved CPI but also enhanced CP digestibility and promoted growth performance of Thai indigenous goats. According to Thai indigenous goat response linearly to levels of CP in TMR so that more research study is needed to evaluate whether feeding greater levels CP would improve the growth performance.


The destructive earthquake often happens accompanied with secondary disaster such as fire disaster,inundation,poison gas leakage and diffusion,explosion,radioactive contamination,landslide,debris flow,tsunami,and so on.The article summarizes research situation of secondary disaster following earthquake home and abroad,especially discuss the Research Contents and results on secondary disaster,inundation,poison gas leakage and diffusion,explosion,geologic hazard and tsunami.Aim at existing problem on secondary disaster following earthquake,put forward suggestion on further research.


Social integration at workplace and job satisfaction of employee with disabilities are two major goals of the vocational rehabilitation for the disabled. The current study explored issues and relationship between the social integration for employees with disabilities and their job satisfaction, in a single research setting. Participants of the survey were the current employees with disabilities in enterprises in Taiwan, producing a total of 185 valid samples. A control group of general new employees also established, with 202 sample size, functioning as a baseline-contrasting group in the comparison analyses. The results of this study expressed many proactive inter-group discrepancies, such as employment predicament of people with disabilities, different determinant structure of job satisfaction, and varying preferences in social integration at workplace.


South Africa's problem with drunk drivers is discussed here, along with potential solutions, including using cabs more frequently, in the face of inadequate public transportation. Strengthening legislation is also recommended, as well as creating a stigma around drinking and driving, and broadening the services of companies like Sober Chauffeur, who cater to those who need to get home after a night of drinking.


Cancer stands among the foremost advanced human diseases with multiple levels of regulation. Despite the numerous progress that has been created in basic and clinical analysis, the incidence associated mortality rates related to malignant pathologies are still at high levels with an expected raised rate within the next fifteen years Irimie et al. [1]. The sixth most typical malignancy that has been found is Head and Neck cancer, wherever carcinoma represents the foremost frequent subtype inside this spectrum Irimie et al. [2], Hema et al. [3]. Also, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for roughly ninetieth of the oral subtype, being far and away the foremost common sort of malignancy inside the mouth Parkin et al. [4], Stewart et al. [5]. Apoptosis is that one pathway that could lead the elimination of oncogenic cells. Apoptosis can be explained as a process in which natural death of cells is initiated to maintain the cellular homeostasis. A variety of changes are done in the structure of cells by apoptotic proteins that eliminate the cell out of body. In this mechanism events occurs which result into formation of cascades that encounters the already anteceding cells leading them to demise, also known as "programmed cell death", Elmore [6], Hervouet et al. [7]. The initiation and maturation of oral carcinoma caused by total of genetic changes combined with environmental risk factors (special mention to alcohol and tobacco use however various viral infectious agents and persistent inflammations) cause changes within the pursuit of cancer causing genes i.e., oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes Perez et al. [8], Irimie et al. [9].


ACK OF government legitimacy frequently has been identified as a cause of political instability and the emergence of social movements. Lipset (1959), for example, argues that a decline in legitimacy caused some West European governments to fall to fascist movements in the 1930s. Similarly, Gurr (1968) maintains that low levels of legitimacy were a principal cause of political instability in 110 colonies and countries. A strong causal relationship between legitimacy and stability is assumed in many explanations of political conflict in the United States. For instance, Parsons (1963) and Gamson (1968) argue that only a government that citizens trust can attain a society's collective goals and avert social disorder. These theorists would agree that people who do not trust their government are likely to become involved in a social movement. Existing research on this issue has taken two forms, cross-national comparisons and surveys of populations within the industrialized nations. Research using cross-national data does show a significant relationship between legitimacy and political stability (Gurr, 1968; Bwy, 1972). These studies, however, are forced to rely on measures of legitimacy that are both highly indirect and based on dubious assumptions. Bwy's (1972) measures of legitimacy, for example, include an index of the degree to which the governments in his study are democratic, on the assumption that democratic governments enjoy greater legitimacy. The available evidence, however, indicates that this premise is invalid. Authoritarian regimes may also engender widespread legitimacy (Moore, 1978: 399). In addition, political democracy is associated with a host of other factors, such as institutionalization of conflict management (Dahrendorf, 1966), so that any zero order relationship found between legitimacy and political violence is likely to be at least partially spurious. Gurr (1968) also relies on highly indirect measures of legitimacy, such as the origins (foreign vs. indigenous) of the national governments in his study. Giddens' point that "the history of societies shows again and again that structural arrangements are often at first implemented by force. . . , and coercive measures are [then] used to produce and reinforce a new legitimacy, [original emphasis]" ( 1968: 267) undercuts the usefulness of Gurr's measure of legitimacy. More direct measures of legitimacy have been used in surveys of populations within the U.S. and Western Europe. Several studies using survey data support the hypothesis that citizens who do not trust the government are more likely to support and participate in protest movements (Muller, 1972; Aberback and Walker, 1970; Paige, 1971; Muller and Jukam, 1977; Miller, 1974). Other studies indicate, however, that the correlations between legitimacy and protest either are extremely weak (Marsh, 1977) or disappear after additional variables are controlled (Citrin, 1974). Finally, work on the relationship between legitimacy and compliance with government policies has also produced inconsistent results. For example, Gatlin