To enhance the robustness of the vehicle detection system, an effective algorithm to identify the lighting conditions (daylight, night, lowlight (dawn, dusk)) based on histogram analysis is presented in this paper. The algorithm consists of two procedures: extracting and updating background image, and generating a lighting conditions classifier based on background image analysis. The algorithm is based on naive Bayes algorithm, and it is classified by the Bhattacharyya distance of the histogram of each color component(R-component, G-component, and B-component) in RGB space. The experiment has shown that the lighting conditions classification method proposed improves the performance in lighting classification.


Critical raw materials (CRM) will be a cornerstone of the energy transition. CRM were recognised early by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as a prime part of the mitigation effort for climate change, and as such research into the genesis of key metals, as well as the sustainability of their mining should be a priority. However, research is geopolitically influenced by the security of supply concerns of nations or economic groups of nations such as the EU, Japan, USA and China. Many research networks and programs are aimed at resource security; and where collaboration does exist it is along geopolitical lines, potentially disadvantaging developing countries and their efforts to implement UN sustainable development goals (SDGs). This contrasts with efforts in research such as those of the IPCC which are more collaborative and suited to rising to global challenges. We suggest that international organisations such as the International Union of Geological Sciences with its long international history, SDG focus, and new focus on data (through the Deep-time Digital Earth program) should be involved in research prioritisation unhindered by geopolitical considerations. Like climate change, the challenge of critical raw materials is too big to tackle in a competitive, geopolitically-influenced manner.

 Thematic collection:
 This article is part of the The energy-critical metals for a low carbon transition collection available at:
 https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/critical-metals


A carrier substrate having a plurality of receptacles each for receiving and carrying a semiconductor chip is provided. Semiconductor chips are arranged in the receptacles, and metal is plated in the receptacles to form a metal structure on and in contact with the semiconductor chips. The carrier substrate is cut to form separate semiconductor devices.


Aim: The aim of this study was to analyse the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic surgery for women with heterotopic pregnancy post IVF ET and their obstetric outcomes. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of eight women who had undergone laparoscopic surgery by a single surgeon for heterotopic pregnancy post IVF ET at a tertiary care hospital. The primary outcome was the feasibility and clinical efficacy of laparoscopic surgery for the treatment of heterotopic pregnancy and the secondary outcome was their obstetric outcomes post laparoscopic surgery. Results: Eight women underwent laparoscopic salpingectomy for tubal heterotopic pregnancies post IVF - ET. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Of these women, 06 delivered healthy babies, whereas remaining two women have ongoing pregnancies. Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery performed by experienced Gynae endoscopic surgeons is a feasible and beneficial surgical modality for treating heterotopic pregnancy with good obstetric outcome.


Summary An endoscopic dyeing method with methylene blue solution was described for an accurate and safe diagnostic dyeing of cancer and intestinal metaplasia in the stomach, after washing the sur-lace of gastric mucosa with proteinase. An introduction of methylene blue into the stomach 2 hours before endoscopy, selectively dyed the cancer and the intestinal metaplasia a dark blue. Normal gastric mucosa, the margin and scar of gastric ulcer, erosion, benign polyp and gastritis without intestinal metaplasia remained undyed. This method was performed on 77 gastric lesions and 33 (92°/o) of 36 gastric cancers have been successfully dyed. In all 24 cases, biopsy specimens from dyed areas confirmed the presence of severe intestinal inetaplasia; and from undyed areas, at/ ophic mucosa without intestinal metaplasia. The endoscopic close-up views of dyed lesions showed the different patterns between the cancer and the intestinal metaplasia. This finding allows the differential diagnosis between them. Fresh frozen sections by cryostat of the specimens from dyed areas showed histologically staining of the superficial cells of the cancerous lesions and the intestinal metaplasia. Endoscopic examination of gastric lesions dyed with methylene blue solu-tion provides the endoscopist with an excellent method of identifying early cancer and intestinal metaplasia of the stomach.


In the electric power system, the loss caused by flashover accident is 10 times greater than lightning accident, although the rates of lightning accident catch the first place. In order to prevent flashover effectively, measures must be taken to monitor the contamination of the insulators. The principles of these two equipments are analyzed in this paper. With the practical experiences, the two equipments are compared and the proper condition to which the two equipments suit are pointed out.


English is a glocal language in India as it satisfies both the global and the local needs. The phenomenal rise in the status of English has resulted in an adaptation of English to the cultural and pragmatic needs of the speakers of English in Asian and African countries. Several scholars have expressed the view that we lack exhaustive data for generalizing about the syntax of Indian English. This study is a modest attempt to examine question formation in Indian English as a system in its own right. For this study, examples have been selected from newspapers, magazines, literary texts, television and radio programmes. A questionnaire was also designed to understand the views of British and Indian teachers on Indian English in general and question formation in particular. To make this study more representative, samples have also been collected from the 'International Corpus of English-India Corpus' and the 'Kolhapur Corpus of Indian English'.


Objective To evaluate the treatment of craniocerebral injury combined with severe multiple trauma. Method statistical analysis of 65 cases of craniocerebral injury combined with severe multiple trauma. Result 223 cases received successful treatment, 12cases were handicapped mildly, 7cases were handicapped moderately,3 cases were handicapped severely ,and 9 cases died. Conclusion Craniocerebral injury combined with severe multiple traumas usually occur in the 20-40-year-old young men. It's necessary to take early diagnosis and timely rescue. Correcting hypotension and hypoxemia, having an operation, using dehydrate agents properly, avoiding missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are vital for decreasing the mortality.


the ledge and its deposits was unproductive and nothing of interest was revealed in the limestone debris on the floor of the small upper chamber. A large pile of fallen boulders and clay at the foot of the shaft produced animal bones of recent date and a number of burnt stones but no definite signs of human occupation. The beaker, which is 6J in. high and 5^ in. in diameter at the rim, was found with a large fragment missing from the upper half and search failed to recover this fragment. However, there can be no doubt that the beaker possessed only a single handle. The interior contained only a little mould and small stones. The vessel is well made, of moderately hard ware, externally buff in colour, with a gritty black core and a buff to grey interior. It is decorated with a vertical herring-bone pattern of finger-nail impressions. A single local parallel is to be found in the Mortimer Collection [Forty Years' Researches, p. 259 and fig. 725) from the Yorkshire Wolds (Barrow C41, Garton Slack). The form, dimensions, and position of the handle are similar but the decoration of the East Riding pot consists of horizontal lines of stabbed gashes. The landowner, the Earl of Feversham, has deposited the Snip Gill beaker on loan in the Scarborough Museum (Ace. No. 652.53).


Intrusion Detection Systems form an important component of network defense. Because of the heterogeneity of the attacks, it has not been possible to make a single Intrusion Detection System that is capable of detecting all types of attacks with acceptable levels of accuracy. In this chapter, the distinct advantage of sensor fusion over individual IDSs is proved. The detection rate and the false positive rate quantify the performance benefit obtained through the fixing of threshold bounds. Also, the more independent and distinct the attack space is for the individual IDSs, the better the fusion of Intrusion Detection Systems performs. A simple theoretical model is initially illustrated and later supplemented with experimental evaluation. The chapter demonstrates that the proposed fusion technique is more flexible and also outperforms other existing fusion techniques such as OR, AND, SVM, and ANN, using the real-world network traffic embedded with attacks.


In transliterating Persian words, Haidar does not appear to have followed a uniform style and some of the styles she has followed are not quite close to the Persian word formation. Sometimes she follows the old style double hyphen system such as in the title, Mukatabat-i Allami, and elsewhere such as in Shari'at-i-Muhammadi, Mirat-i-Ahmadi, Bahar-iA jam, etc. (pp. 2,17); on other occasions, the zer is added to the first of the two words which are then joined together with a hyphen, such as mirihajj, Khani-Khanan (pp. 3, 21). Both styles are defective. But this is a


Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to

 • Explain how HIV evolved from cross-species transmission of strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) to humans (viral zoonosis), spread out of Africa in the early twentieth century, and ultimately resulted in the global AIDS pandemic...


The concept of the modern world economy systemic crisis as a derivative of the neoclassical economic theory systemic crisis has been articulated. The economic mainstream with its theoretical foundation full of structural internal contradictions and development constraints is experiencing increasing difficulty in its systemic projection of the ways and forms the brand new economic model of social interaction will arise. It is proved that the new type of material production should be modeled on the − criteria of the movement from the narrow and unperfect parameters of market self-organization that significantly transform traditional capitalist relations to the solidarism principles that socialize the social and economic structure. In this process, the key role must be given to the comprehensive progress of human creativity based on the highest criteria of human intelligence and culture.


The increasing proliferation of independent application service providers is making traditional IT infrastructure insufficient when dealing with new issues that appear in a dynamic outsourcing business model. Quality of service (QoS) gradually becomes an essential benchmark to differentiate diverse service providers during service selection process. In this paper, we argue service selection can be deemed as a decision making process -to decide which services providers should be selected within the specified service provision context during a definitive timeslot. Thus, existing decision support approaches can be leveraged if applicable. Hence, we propose a service selection solution which utilizes the decision support systems module (DSS Module) to select the most appropriate service. In DSS module we introduce AHP model to carry out the service QoS measurement based on the Context-specific Quality Aspects. The contributions of this paper are two folds. Firstly, we provide a novel and feasible solution for QoS-based service selection and secondly, we apply DSS module into web services, thus opening a new, fertile ground for DSS research in service ecosystem literature.


Valdonsella in the relations between Aragon and Navarra in the Late Middle Ages The valdonsella constituted during the Late Middle Ages a border of Aragon to navarre. This article aims at studying the consequences of the wars between the kingdoms had for the region, analyzing the lawsuit that was settled by the possession of the valdonsella between the dioceses of Pamplona and huesca, framing the conflict in the internacional policy of Fernando ii, and studying the conflicts between the villages of Sos and Sanguesa.


In connection with the prohibition of organic dyes (violet K, methylene green, etc.) in fish farming, the article focuses on searching the approach to solving the problem of treating culti-vated aquaculture objects affected by saprolegnium micromycetes by using chemicals that do not have a negative effect on the host organism. There have been presented the experiment results of determining the influence of chemicals solutions (hydrogen peroxide, hydroperite, boric acid, sodium chloride) and the medicinal preparation Monclavit-1 on the culture of micro-mycetes Saprolegniaceae isolated from the incubated caviar. There has been shown the effectiveness of boric acid concentrations from 0.1% to 2.0%; of Monklavit-1 – 0.005-0.03%; of hydrogen peroxide –
0.5-0.7%; of hydroperite - from 1.5% to 2%. The maximum fungistatic effect on the growth and development of saprolegnium micromycetes is provided by the chemicals: sodium chloride (4.0% and 4.5% for 5 minutes) and 0.4% solution of hydrogen peroxide with an exposure of 3 minutes. The obtained data suggest that using the above substances, taking into account the effective concentrations and exposures in fish farming, will reduce infection with saprolegnium micromycetes of aquaculture objects at different stages of development (from caviar to producers).


Global sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are detected by the Chinese ocean color and temperature scanner (COCTS) instruments aboard the HaiYang (HY)-1C and HY-1D satellites. In this study, the SSTs derived from the COCTS instrument on the HY-1D (COCTS/HY-1D) satellite and a nonlinear SST algorithm with corresponding coefficients were introduced. The COCTS/HY-1D SSTs recorded from April 26 to August 31, 2021, were evaluated against water temperature measurements taken at depths above 1 m from the in situ Quality Monitor system; root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of 0.65 and 0.71 °C and robust standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.51 and 0.47 °C were obtained for the daytime and nighttime SSTs, respectively, using a spatiotemporal matching window of 4 h and 2.5 km. Daily gridded SSTs derived from COCTS/HY-1D were compared with those obtained from the visible infrared imaging radiometer suite (VIIRS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite in the same period, and RMSEs of 0.67 ± 0.06 and 0.81 ± 0.06 °C and RSDs of 0.49 ± 0.04 and 0.58 ± 0.05 °C were obtained for the daytime and nighttime SSTs, respectively. The COCTS/HY-1D-derived SSTs covering Gulf Stream waters were cross-validated against the VIIRS/S-NPP data as a case study, and RMSEs of 0.53 and 0.47 °C for the daytime and nighttime, respectively, were obtained.


sis of Georgian English-language newspapers" (chapter 3), using papers published between August 2003 and March 2004. The book presents some valuable insights into the hopes and fears of ordinary Georgians in a time of change and uncertainty. A number of drawbacks undermine its analytical value, however. First, there are a significant number of inaccuracies. It is not possible to enumerate them all, but among the more noteworthy is her reference to the Georgian prime minister in early 1992 as "Mr Sigua Ioseliani" (28). Here the author conflates two different individuals. The prime minister at the time was, in fact, Mr. Tengiz Sigua; another key player was Mr. Jaba Ioseliani, the head of the paramilitary group, Mkhedrioni (Horsemen). Another example is the author's description of the outbreak of war in Abkhazia. She writes: "In July of 1993 [sic] a cease-fire between Abkhazia and Georgia was signed. Subsequently, in early August of 1991, eleven Abkhazian hostages and the Abkhazian leader, Arbzinba [sic], were captured by Zaviadist [sic] militia" (29). The order of events is far from clear in this account. In reality, the kidnapping occurred in August 1992, not August 1991, and it was high-ranking Georgian officials led by the Georgian Minister of the Interior, Roman Gventsadze, who were kidnapped, not Ardzinba. Later on, as she describes the run up to the presidential elections of January 2004, Katz names David Aghmashenebeli as a potential presidential candidate. David Aghmashenebeli was not, in fact, a presidential candidate; he was king of Georgia from 1089 to 1125! Presumably, she meant to refer to Roin Liparteliani (whom she also mentions), the head of a small party called the David Aghmashenebeli Society who presented himself as a candidate in these elections.


Summary This paper contains a short survey of the last applications of Campanato's near operators theory. In particular we give an example of its applications to the proof of existence of a solution of the Cauchy-Dirichlet problem concerning a class of fully nonlinear parabolic systems.


A well-known source of trouble during iddq or digital testing in production is the so-called HiZ-problem. Pattern generation tools set the ATE drivers connected to digital I or I/O DUT pins which are not supposed to have any influence on the test result to high-impedance. Thus the state of these pins during testing is not clearly defined which often leads to correlation issues. A similar problem exists for DC input pins of power management devices which are left undefined during testing. This paper explains the issues and a methodology to avoid them.


To assess the utility of infrared thermography (IRT), to map skin temperature, in the detection of femoral arterial (FA) thrombosis after cardiac catheterization.


This paper addresses the use of network coding algorithms combined with adequate retransmission techniques to improve the communication reliability of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Basically, we assess the recently proposed Optimized Relay Selection Technique (ORST) operating together with four different retransmission techniques, three of them applying network coding algorithms. The target of this assessment is to analyze the impact upon the communication reliability from each of the proposed retransmission techniques for WSN applications. In addition, this paper presents an extensive state-of-the-art study in what concerns the use of network coding techniques in the WSN context. The initial assumption of this research work was that the ORST operating together network coding would improve the communication reliability of WNS. However, the simulation assessment highlighted that, when using the ORST technique, retransmission without network coding is the better solution.


Autodetection is an olfactory behavioural process where the females of some species respond to their own pheromonal blends. Through electroantennogram studies it has been proved that the gravid females of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) respond to their pheromone blend consisting of Z-11-hexadecenal and Z-9- hexadecenal in the ratio 97 : 3. Male antennae respond more strongly than virgin female antennae. However, antennae of gravid females elicit strong response than unmated males. Also, males showed strong responses in cross-wind flying in wind tunnel experiments, when sex pheromone blends were used. Virgin females and gravid females showed poor response in wind-tunnel studies. The ovipositional experiment where gravid females were allowed to oviposit in the presence and absence of pheromone odours indicated that there was no difference in the number of eggs laid. Through morphological studies, it has been proved that the females also possess sensilla trichoidea, destined to perceive the pheromone blends, though lesser in number than the males. These results support the hypothesis that autodetection of sex pheromones exists in females of H. armigera and is thought to function as a mechanism to induce dispersal under high population densities.


Abstract : Experiments currently in progress are designed to quantify the information in the average firing rates of cochlear nucleus neurons. Single unit responses to best frequency tone bursts are recorded, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves are generated from empirical spike count distributions. In order to quantify the amount of information present for an increase in discharge rate, the area under the ROC curve, P(A), is computed. For a given difference in the means of two spike count distributions regular units (such as choppers) typically give larger P(A) values than do some irregular units (such as choppers) typically give larger P(A) values than do some irregular units (primary-like or transient chopper units). These results suggest that rate information may be enhanced in certain subsystems of the cochlear nucleus. Single unit recording experiments will be carried out in the cochlear nucleus to establish whether a rate-place representation of tones and tones in noise are preserved by the chopper units (stellate cells) of the AVCN. To obtain an objective measure of how much information is present in the average discharge rate, techniques derived from Signal Detection Theory are applied to empirical spike count distributions obtained. The overall objective was to describe the temporal and rate information present in the auditory nerve, and then investigate how the primary-like units (bushy cells) and chopper units (stellate cells) preserved or degrade the temporal and rate information.


Lawrence Mark Stone, MSSW, JD, is a lawyer and a doctoral student, School of Social Welfare, University of California, Los Angeles. HISTORICAL ORIGINS Although Webster's defines "due legal and social work professions tend process" as a course of legal proceedto be mechanistic in their approach ings carried out regularly and in acto due process, treating it as a fixed cordance with established rules and rather than as a dynamic concept, procedures, the legal term can be conceptually defined as the parame ters of intervention between the state


The invention discloses a chamfering tool with an adjustable processing angle, and belongs to the chamfering tool technology. The chamfering tool comprises a tool body, a blade, a tool rest, a tool bar and a pressing part, wherein the blade is provided with a first side and a second side; the tool rest is provided with a blade slot; the second side abuts against the inner wall of the blade slot in a matched mode; one end of the tool bar is fixedly connected to the tool body, and the other end of the tool bar is provided with a tool rest slot; the tool rest is clamped in the tool rest slot; and the pressing part is configured to integrally connect the blade, the tool rest and the tool bar. According to the chamfering tool disclosed by the invention, the tool rest is arranged between the tool bar and the blade, the blade slot is formed in the tool rest, the blade is fixed into the blade slot and the tool rest is fixed to the tool bar by virtue of the pressing part; the blade and the blade slot are matched through the first side and the inner wall of the blade slot, and the chamfering angle of blade processing can be regulated by regulating an angle between the inner wall of the blade slot and the middle axis of the tool bar, so that different chamfering angles are regulated by replacing the tool rest for processing, and therefore, the integral waste and the operation complexity of the chamfering tool are avoided, the chamfering processing efficiency is improved, and the production cost is reduced.


This paper focuses on modeling of the simple sentence characteristics in their interaction in the language of the Old English period with the use of cognitive methods. The paper clarifies the status of the syntactically represented concept, singles out  syntactic and semantic role properties of sentence constituents and builds cognitive grammar (mental) sentence schemes in accord with its argument-predicate structure and lexical-semantic content.


Potential parameters for n-alkanes can be obtained either from second virial coefficient calculations or from simulations of the vapor–liquid equilibria. In this note, it is shown that although each method yields different parameters, differences are moderate. These differences are smaller when the second virial coefficient is fitted at high temperatures.


As of July 22, 2022, there were 3,528,282 total confirmed COVID-19 cases in Illinois, United States. The purpose of this study was to examine how the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to Illinois Region 4 adult residents' poor mental health and assess the mental health burden the residents experienced during the pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was administered via Qualtrics. Participants (N=632) living in the Illinois Region 4 counties of Bond, Clinton, Madison, Monroe, Randolph, St. Clair, and Washington were recruited through Facebook. The questionnaire was developed based on the current literature review and was validated by colleagues in public health. Both descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for data analysis using SPSS. Most of the participants identified as female (86.7%). Many of the participants had an associate's (23.6%) or a bachelor's (29.4%) degree. About 84% of the participants reported that COVID-19 had changed things in their daily life (e.g., work, family, and social life). There was significantly more perceived mental health burden during the pandemic than there was before the pandemic (p<0.001). Approximately 68% of participants believed more mental health resources should be made available within their county of residence. Overall, the study findings suggest the perceived mental health burden among Region 4 adults, which highlight the need for mental health issues to be prioritized and the allocation of mental health resources to be optimized.


The contribution rate of scientific and technological progress in Qinghai Province during 1999-2013 was measured by using the Solow residual method,the results were analyzed and evaluated.


In order to eliminate the deviation between explosion test and numerical simulation,the pressure distribution of blast wave on the surface of concrete filled steel( CFST) column had been analyzed by executing the explosion test. And by using FEM procedure and considering the condition of explosion test,a FEM model of CFST column had been established. In order to investigate the influence of the different mesh size of air and explosive on the blast wave propagation and pressure value of blast wave,the numerical simulation with the different mesh size of air and explosive had been executed based on explosion test results. Analysis of research results shows that the constraints of column are in good condition and deformation of column belongs to elastic stage when the scale distance is 1. 1 m / kg1 /3in explosion test. Both peak pressure value and positive impulse value should be considered together in evaluation of damage on column. The different mesh sizes of air and explosive have great impacts on the peak pressure of blast wave and the trend of pressure-time curve. And the results of numerical simulationcorrespond with the test results well when the mesh density of air and explosive increases. Finally,by examining the accuracy of the numerical results and comparing with the test results,the mesh size of 20 mm is considered to meet the requirements of numerical simulation when the scale distance is not less than 1. 1 m / kg1 /3.


This study aims to investigate the interaction effect between the beam diameter and energy density, which are perceived as laser-induced tactile perception by humans, by diversely varying the laser parameters, beam diameter, and energy. Eight healthy male college students of 23.5[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]1.7 years participated in the study. The range of the beam diameter of the displayed laser stimulation was between 0.03[Formula: see text]mm and 8[Formula: see text]mm, and a total of 21 sizes were displayed. The laser energy was sequentially displayed from the minimum energy that can be displayed by one beam diameter to the maximum energy range that does not exceed the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) level since the energy varies according to the beam diameter. The laser energy was controlled by an optical density ([Formula: see text]) filter and was measured by an optical power meter (energy meter). Furthermore, the beam diameter was adjusted by moving the lens, which was confirmed with the beam profiler. The experimental test consists of the control phase (19[Formula: see text]s), stimulus phase (7[Formula: see text]s), and response phase (4[Formula: see text]s); the total duration of the test was 30[Formula: see text]s. The stimulus phase is the period in which stimulation was displayed on the skin through laser irradiation, and the stimulation was displayed by changing the beam diameter and the energy from the laser. The total number of beam diameter and energy pairs displayed to the subjects was 113 and 5 trials of irradiation were conducted for each pair. Stimulation perception response was recorded by pressing the response buttons during the response phase, and the responses were predefined as "no feeling," "tactile sensation", and "pain." Through the extracted response data from the response phase, the beam diameter and energy density pair in which more than 50% of the subjects responded as having perceived tactile sensation were selected from the possible laser energy that could be displayed from one beam diameter. The simulation results showed that increasing the beam diameter increased the penetration depth, indicating an effective energy transfer to the skin. Therefore, increasing the beam diameter results in increased scattering, and hence increased penetration depth, and ultimately a more effective energy transfer. Therefore, increased beam diameter results in higher energy transfer efficiency, indicating that the required energy density by more than 50% of the subjects to perceive tactile sensation decreased.


Research lies in the theoretical and practical development of three methods of conducting recreational and health-improving swimming lessons for children 3-4 years-old, aimed at optimizing adaptation and developing certain adaptive abilities.
The purpose consist in revealing the effectiveness of experimental techniques in the systems of individual and group lessons for children aged 3-4 years.
The study was carried out as part of a complex experiment in the period 2015-2020, since the effectiveness of three different training methods was studied and significant factors were identified that determine various experimental teaching methods for children aged 3-4 years.
All experimental activities took place based on the pool Lotus Water Energy SRL.


There is a growing body of research relating to the ways in which digital code contributes to the production of space. In much of this work this issue is approached by first examining particular spaces and then considering the code and its effects on those spaces. In contrast, we explore the production of space from another angle, examining the ways in which an example of code—geodemographic classification—is constructed, and then questioning what it is about the emergent production of space that may feed back recursively into the production of that code.


Abstract : The purpose of this report is to introduce an adaptive estimation and parameter identification scheme which the authors call Multiple Model Estimation Algorithm (MMEA). The MMEA consists of a bank of Kalman filters with each matched to a possible parameter vector. The state estimates generated by these Kalman filters are then combined using a weighted sum with the a posteriori hypothesis probabilities as weighting factors. If one of the selected parameter vectors coincides with the true parameter vector, this algorithm gives the minimum variance state and parameter estimates. Algorithms for filtering, smoothing, and prediction are derived for linear and nonlinear systems. They are described in a tutorial fashion with results stated explicitly so that they can be readily used for computer implementation. Approaches for the extension of MMEA to a more general class of adaptive estimation problems are outlined. Several further research topics are also suggested.


Three polycarboxylate coordination polymers containing 2-(2-pyridyl)benzimidazole as co-ligand, [Cu(Bdc)(2-PyBIm)] n (1), [Cu(HBtc)(2-PyBIm)] n (2) and [Cd2(HBtc)2(2-PyBIm)2] n ·; nH2O (3) (H2Bdc = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid; H3Btc = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid), have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, TG-DSC and X-ray structural analyses. Complex 1 is a one-dimensional zigzag chain in which the Cu(II) is cis six-coordinated by two chelating carboxyl groups and a 2-PyBIm ligand. Complex 2 is a two-dimensional (4, 4) network in which H3Btc is partially deprotonated. Complex 3 has a three-dimensional framework in which one Cd(II) is six-coordinate and the other is seven-coordinate. All 2-PyBIm groups are neutral, chelating, bidentate ligands in 1–3. These complexes are quite thermally stable. The luminescence of 3 has also been investigated.


Need of Stress Measurement at knee for different limb alignment by Experimental and FEA is essential for the surgeon's must understand concept limb alignment. Precise knee alignment in the limb is important for proper implant function.


The invention provides a cable filling material with good low thermal resistance and good tensile properties. The main components of the cable filling material are: petroleum wax, low density polyethylene, a barium-zinc stabilizer, powdered nitrile rubber, kaolin, lanthanum chloride, and praseodymium oxide. The cable filling material provided in the invention, on the one hand, has low thermal resistance, and the advantages of transmission capacity increase, the traditional fiber fillers increase, the power cable loss reduction and service life prolonging compared with traditional fiber filling materials, and on the other hand, has good tensile properties, thus being able to be well applied in practice.


In the present day world, a lot of information is generated in each field, and every field, as well as the banking industry, is among them. This data contains valuable information. Hence, it's important to shop, procedure, manage and analyze this information to extract information from it. It helps boost company profit. Banking industry plays a vital role in the country's economy. Customers are the primary advantage of the bank. Thus, it's essential to focus on issues experienced by the banks. Below, we focus on customer retention and fraud detection. In this particular work, supervised synthetic neural community algorithm is implemented for category job.


This multiple case study shows how motherhood works with and against two women's literacy identities, as interpreted through the theoretical lens of Herman's Dialogical Self Theory. The evidence of this is shown in the tension between their roles as mothers and their personal roles as readers and writers. In many ways, taking on a reader or writer role meant to deny other roles for these women, showing the clash between efforts to consolidate multiple I-positions. While their meta-positions helped them recognize the discrepancies in their I-positions, there was little evidence of mediating third positions to negotiate their roles. This descriptive study explored the way two women approach their roles "I a reader" and "I as writer" while simultaneously navigating their I-position "I as mother." This exploration was conducted through the use of semi-structured interviews and the subsequent coding of the transcripts of those interviews. The coding included the identification of all instances where I-positions manifested in the interview text. Among numerous other roles, the roles related to literacy and motherhood involved a particular friction. The findings of the study make evident that tension exists for these two women between their roles as mothers and as literate people.


In October 1990 and March 1992 the All-Russian Center for Public Opinion Research conducted a study of attitudes toward Jews on the territory of the former USSR that was commissioned by the American Jewish Committee.


This study is a Marketing Strategy In Mutiara Ceramic Handicraft Ceramic. This study was conducted to identify the causes of product marketing at Mutiara Ceramic crafts
ceramics difficult marketed around Johor and off. Qualitative methods were used, namely by interviewing entrepreneurs Mutiara Ceramic as an entrepreneur who set the strategy for the company. Analysis by product, price, promotion and place-based marketing mix introduced by Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong in 1996 was applied to get the results based on objectives set. The implications of these findings, there are many factors to be taken into account in formulating marketing strategies in Mutiara Ceramic like to diversify our existing products and improve the promotion and advertising in various media.


Hopfield neural network model and multi-layered network model have led to many mathematical problems, of which the most important one is the capacity, that is,the number of stable states. In previous work, probability models were considered at most.In this paper we advance some problems in the light of combinatorics, and get some basic results for them. We hope that these problems would induce some interest in this field.


The synergistic flame retardant viscose fiber of nitrogen,phosphorus and silicon was prepared by the method of spinning mixing.The test and study on the flame retardant properties and gaseous products are evaluated by limited oxygen index(LOI),and combined with differential thermal analysis and mass spectrometry(DTA-MS).The results showed that the LOI of flame retardant viscose fiber could reach 26.8,belonging to difficult burning products.The study proves that the adding flame retardant promoted the dehydration and carbonization effect.Its residual quantity of thermal decomposition advanced significantly on the high temperature.Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate(TBEP) and melamine annihilated mainly combusting free radical around the gas phase.Sodium silicate isolated air and absorbed smoke.


Based on the survey data of 226 farmers from 43villages of 19counties of 6 cities around Beijing and Tianjin Region,this paper analysed the influencing factors of households' willingness for paying ecological environment protection through Binomial Logit model. The results showed that households' WTP for ecological environment protection was high,74. 3% of them were willing to pay, and the average incumbency work was for 36. 5 days with pleasure. The influencing factors contained returning farmland to forest, forest conservation and ecological forest construction positively impacted from strong to weak of households' willingness for paying for ecological environment protection. Education level of householder,family size,labor proportion in total household population,farmland and woodland area per farmer,whether the main sources of household income was the nonagricultural had positive impact on households' willingness for paying for ecological environment protection.


Sea ice, the result of seawater freezing at high latitudes, plays a key role in the global climate system. It is both a diagnostic and prognostic factor with regard to climate change. Besides, it is a platform for snow to accumulate on and, because this platform moves and deforms with ocean currents and winds, its snow cover is astoundingly heterogeneous. Snow processes on sea ice have crucial consequences in driving the evolution of sea ice, at a cascade of temporal and spatial scales. Although sea ice models have been developed for decades, the representation of snow in these models has remained under-addressed. This doctoral thesis is a contribution toward the improvement of the snow component in large-scale sea ice models. For the first time, a representation of snow physics of intermediate complexity was introduced in a model of this kind, providing the tools to assess the influence of snow on sea ice. Using those tools, we have shown in particular the importance of accounting for wind-driven snow processes and properties in models in order to realistically simulate the evolution of perennial sea ice. As such, this thesis opens the way for snow-related improvements in climate models and provides modelers with some guidance in achieving this task. As the better quantification of the impacts of snow processes on sea ice goes through the adequate constraining of their parameterization, extensive In Situ observations are required. This thesis also gives some directions for these future investigations.


I Strong evidence from at least 1 systematic review of multiple well-designed randomised controlled trials II Strong evidence from at least 1 properly designed randomised controlled trial of appropriate size III Evidence from well designed trials without randomisation, single group pre-post, cohort, time series or matched case-controlled studies IV Evidence from well-designed nonexperimental studies from more than 1 centre or research group V Opinions of respected authorities, based on clinical evidence, descriptive studies or reports of expert committees Type & Strength of Evidence EVIDENCE-BASED EVERYTHING


When scrutinising the literature on EU environmental policy, it becomes appar- ent that there has been a comprehensive transition in underlying governance ideas during the last two decades. At the core of these changes is the abolition of traditional patterns of interventionist command-and-control regulation in favour of economic instruments and 'context-oriented' governance. In view of these developments, this article has two objectives: first, it looks into which causes and factors initiated these discussions; second, it analyses the effects these reform ideas had on actual patterns of governance. As will be shown, changes in governance ideas are only partially expressed in changes in policy instruments. I Introduction When scrutinising the literature on environmental policy in the European Union, it becomes apparent that there has been a comprehensive transition in underlying gover- nance ideas since the beginning of the 1990s. Authors are talking of 'new instruments' (Heritier, 2002) or even of the 'transformation of the environmental governance in the EU' (Lenschow, 1999). At the core of these changes is the abolition of traditional patterns of interventionist command-and-control regulation in favour of 'context- oriented' governance, emphasising close cooperation of public and private actors in the formulation and implementation of EU environmental policy. The great scientific resonance that this reform development has found ought not, however, blind us to the fact that there was already a broad discussion of environmental governance in the 1980s; this was primarily dealt with in environmental economics and at the level of international organisations (OECD, 1981b). This earlier discussion was less concerned with context-oriented forms of governance, but with introducing eco- nomic instruments, which were considered substantially more efficient than interven- tionist measures. Against the background of these developments, this article has two objectives: first, it looks into which causes and factors initiated these two mentioned discussions; second, it analyses the effects these reform ideas had on actual patterns of governance in the EU. To what extent and in which direction do new governance ideas actually result in the adoption of new policy instruments? If one considers the various action programmes in which the strategic orientation of the EU environmental policy is defined for the middle term, a relatively sound finding regarding underlying governance ideas becomes apparent. The political demands for


Evidence for structural relationships between the aminopeptidase of Aeromonas proteolytica and several proteolytic enzymes, including two other aminopeptidases, was investigated by means of immunochemical techniques. The activity of Aeromonas aminopeptidase was strongly inhibited by its homologous antiserum (anti-AAP), which also diminished the activity of the endopeptidase of Aeromonas proteolytica, although substantially higher concentrations were required for the latter. In contrast, the aminopeptidase of Bacillus licheniformis was stimulated by incubation with anti-AAP, as were the activities of two types of Bacillus subtilis alkaline proteases. The activity of swine kidney leucine aminopeptidase and the aminopeptidase activity in pronase were unaffected by anti-AAP. The only evolutionary relationship suggested by the inhibitory and stimulatory reactions was that between the endopeptidase and the aminopeptidase of Aeromonas proteolytica.


Industrial Ballets paradigmatically deal with scientific rationality, industrialization and electrification. Their relevance for dance history lies in the inter-connection these ballets have towards technological and socio-cultural developments in the turn of the 19 th to the 20 th century. Focussing on the examples Excelsior and Columbia, this paper investigates the specific references to fast-paced technological inventions as well as current events like industrial fairs and world fairs. Furthermore, it highlights the modes of circulation both ballets have within two theatrical cultures, the high culture of opera houses on one side and popular varieté shows on the other. The aim is to throw light on the fragmentary source material and to ask how this condition affects the dance specific research on this period of time. More generally the analysis of these two examples questions the marginalized role of Industrial Ballets in dance historiography.


Although many chaotic systems have been introduced in the literature, a few of them possess uncountably infinite equilibrium points. The aim of our short work is to widen the current knowledge of t...


Morphological variations in vegetative and reproductive organs in the Solidago virgaurea complex were examined for eight elevations between 1600 and 2400 m a.s.l. in Japan. The rosette diameter and stem height were lower at higher elevations. The stem diameter at any stem height was greater at higher elevations, suggesting that the S. virgaurea complex increases mechanical stiffness against strong wind at high elevations. The number of flower heads at any stem height was less at high elevations (2000–2400 m a.s.l.) than at low elevations (1600–1900 m a.s.l.). Leaf nitrogen concentration did not change along the elevational gradient. Leaf mass per area (LMA) tended to decrease with increasing elevation, except for 2400 m a.s.l. The decrease of LMA would contribute to maintaining a positive carbon balance at high elevations. The number of involucral rays of flower heads was mostly four at low elevations (1600–1900 m a.s.l.) and three at high elevations (2000–2400 m a.s.l.). The number of involucral scales and diameter of flower heads were greater at high elevations (2000–2400 m a.s.l.) than at low elevations (1600–1900 m a.s.l.). Therefore, the S . virgaurea complex is suggested to adapt to high elevations that have cool temperature, a short growing season and strong wind conditions by changing its vegetative and reproductive traits.


A geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported (GRPS) embankment that consists of embankment fill, geosynthetic, piles, and foundation soils is a complex soil–structure system. Its key load transfer mechanisms include soil arching and tensioned membrane effects and subsoil resistance. Type of embankment fill (cohesive or cohesionless) and type of pile (end-bearing or floating) are expected to affect these load transfer mechanisms; however, their influence has not been well investigated. Six scaled model tests were conducted in this study to investigate the influence of the embankment fill properties, the clear spacing of pile caps, and the pile type on soil arching and tensioned membrane effects. This study used cohesive and cohesionless embankment fills and end-bearing and floating piles. The test results show that the cohesive embankment fill strengthened the soil-arching effect, increased the pile efficacy, and reduced the settlements of the subsoil between pile caps and the embankment crest under the same l...


Abstract In this paper, the synthesis of ginsenoside Rh2 was catalyzed by using heterologous expression of Bacillus subtilis SL-44 glycosyltransferase. The synthesis parameters of ginsenoside Rh2 were optimized by the selection of strains and chemical supplies, the establishment of kinetic equations for the respiration rate of UGT enzyme, the effect of storage temperature on the model, and the glycosylation reaction of ginsenoside PPD with UGT. The effect of Rh2 saturation on the thermal denaturation temperature of the protein was analyzed along with the kinetic properties of the enzyme GE02773 (GE03484) while varying the saturation of Rh2. The results showed that the conversion of ginsenoside Rh2 reached 84% at a temperature of 35℃, pH 8, 5% DMSO, 0.4 of M-UDPG, and 1M-PPD in reaction with GE02773. In this paper, we successfully achieved the efficient synthesis of ginsenoside Rh2, which provides new ways and ideas for the application and synthesis of ginsenoside Rh2, with important practical significance and scientific value.


The invention discloses a bicolor filter based two-waveband infrared target simulator and a generation method of two-waveband infrared images of the same, relates to the technical field of infrared and simulation and aims at solving the problem that the bicolor simulator for performance test of an infrared bicolor imaging system cannot adjust the energy ratio. The generation method includes that a computer transmits signals to a video control circuit and a stepping motor controller, the signals are then sent to a driving circuit control scene generator for generating scenes, a stepping motor drives a bicolor filter to rotate to perform radiation filtering, images pass a projection optical system, and a tested system is lighted. When the simulator is debugged, the frame frequency of the scene generator is led to be twice that of the tested system, and the rotating frequency of the stepping motor is led to be the frame frequency of tested system. The computer sends image signals and control signals, the single waveband portion of the bicolor filter corresponds to one frame of the scene generator, each frame of image is filtered through the filter, and the computer controls energy of each frame of image generated by the scene generator so as to control the energy ratio of two wavebands . The bicolor filter based two-waveband infrared target simulator and the generation method of the two-waveband infrared images of the same are used for testing of an infrared imaging system.


Mosso's ergograph was used to test fatigue in cases of the effort syndrome.

he importance of some psychological features in the subjective experience of fatigue is discussed, and it is shown that the ergograph test can be employed in the study of attitude and response to fatigue and may be useful in the psychological diagnosis of borderline cases. The features in the ergograph curve which proved to be of interest are speed, number, extension and regularity of the excursions, and the presence or absence of "final effort."

Marked differences in tempo between right and left hand, slow, short, and abruptly ending curves point to a tendency forhysterical (escape) reactions.

Fast, long, and irregular curves point to anxiety.

Cases with true exhaustion, including both constitutionally weak persons and convalescents from toxic-infective conditions, also show long and fast curves; they are, however, more regular, lower, and more frequently show "final effort."


The invention discloses a traffic flow speed estimation method based on a multi-core support vector regression machine. The method comprises the following steps of: 1, performing preprocessing on the data detected by using a sense coil to obtain sense coil detection data; 2, acquiring a true value of a traffic flow speed of a road to obtain speed true value data; 3, establishing training data and test data: fusing the sense coil detection data and the speed true value data to establish a database, and dividing the data in the database into the training data and the test data; 4, training a multi-core support vector regression machine by utilizing the training data to establish a relation model between flow rate and speed; and 5, accurately estimating the traffic flow speed by utilizing the established multi-core support vector regression machine. By the method, the selection of a core function and parameters is avoided; when the traffic flow speed cannot be detected directly, the average speed of a road section is estimated by utilizing the information, such as the flow rate and the saturation degree, acquired by a single-ring coil; and therefore, the method has high practicality and robustness.


In this paper we consider the problem of uncertainty propagation and quantification for the
converging triple-beam LIDAR technology, proposed for measuring wind velocity passing through
a fixed point in space. Converging triple-beam LIDAR employs the use of three non-parallel, noncoplanar,
laser beams which are directed from a fixed platform, typically at ground level, that
extend to meet at the point at which measurement of velocity is sought. Coordinate values of the
velocity are ascertained with respect to unit vectors along the lines of sight of the laser beams
(Doppler vectors), which are then resolved in order determine the velocity in terms of Cartesian
coordinates (i.e. with respect to the standard basis). However, if there is any discrepancy between
the recorded values of the coordinates with respect to the Doppler unit vectors and/or the perceived
angle settings for such vectors with what they really should be, however small, then this will lead to
errors in the reconstructed Cartesian coordinates. The aim of this paper to quantify the potential
size of this error by consideration of the variance-covariance matrix of the reconstructed Cartesian
coordinates.


Objective To analyze the reliability and validity of the core competence scale A for military personnel.Methods Three thousand and five hundred healthy soldiers volunteered to complete the core competence scale A for military personnel,and data were analyzed by AMOS7.0 and SPSS16.0 program.Results The confirmatory factor analysis for structure validity of all factors showed that 11 items with higher cross loading should be deleted according to its modified index,thus the revised scale was composed of 7 factors,21 competence components,65 items and one added lie subscale.Furthermore,the theoretical model of the scale was supported by the sample data,and the fit indexes,uch as GFI,AGFI,NFI and CFI of total scale,were all over 0.9,and RMSEA was lower than 0.08.In addition,the standardized factor loadings of all competence components were 0.393-0.791(P0.01).The correlation coefficients of factors were between 0.333 and 0.881(P0.01),and the correlation coefficients between all factors and total scale were 0.566-0.881(all P0.01).The result of item analysis showed that subjects with higher scale scores also had significantly higher scores in every factors and total scale than did the soldiers with lower scale scores.The Cronbach'α coefficient of total scale was 0.936,and of subscales was 0.601-0.803(P0.01).Conclusion The reliability and validity of the core competence scale A for military personnel qualifies for psychometrics and proves to be applicable to Chinese military personnel in evaluating their core competence.


Globally competitive organizations will depend on the uniqueness of their human resources and the systems for managing human resources effectively to become successful. Outsourcing is a management process in the globalized business context that has been well understood, tried and tested by successful organizations across the world. The issue of employee attrition/ turnover has been found to be making huge economic impact on the Business Process Outsourcing organizations located in the states of Karnataka and Kerala. The present study aimed at addressing high employee attrition in the above sector by identifying the Critical Factors which causes high attrition. The data has been collected through a structured questionnaire
survey. The study identified 13 factors affecting high employee attrition in BPO industry using Factor Analysis. Also multiple regression analysis was applied to analyze the collected data. It is found that the attrition factor employee's salary has emerged as the most critical factor affecting high attrition in the BPO sector of the above two states.


This study aimed to evaluate the defoliation levels under reproductive stages, of soybean cv. Ocepar 14, over no-tillage and conventional tillage systems. Two experiments were conducted, during the 1998/99 growing season, in Santa Maria, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The defoliation levels were 0, 33, 67 and 100%. Total defoliation decreased grain yield significantly when performed at R3, R4, R5 and R6 stages in both no-tillage and conventional tillage. Total defoliation was more prejudicial to yield at R4 in no-tillage, while R4 and R5 were more sensitive to full in conventional tillage. Defoliations of 33 and 67% decreased grain yield only when applied at R3 stage in the no-tillage system. In the conventional tillage, only defoliation of 67% caused significant reductions on yield in R5 stage. There was no difference between soil tillage systems in the percentage of yield reduction promoted by any of the evaluated defoliation levels.


Many agricultural tasks are known to be dangerous for human operators, the environment, and human health in general. The increasing pressure both on safety and on production levels motivates the development of new methodologies and technologies. The rising of off-road mobile robots for agricultural application appears to be a promising contribution to required innovations. It both permits to limit the exposure of people to hazardous products and to achieve difficult and repetitive tasks. Nevertheless, to be fully efficient, autonomous robots have to ensure a high level of accuracy, while carrying potentially heavy tools, possibly in harsh conditions. It is especially the case of spraying, for which accuracy is a key challenge for reducing environmental impacts. The use of huge robots for spraying might seem to be a straightforward solution, by simply automating existing machines. Nevertheless, a simple automation does not reduce directly the environmental impact of human activities (soil compaction, energy, reduction of the use of chemical products). Moreover, huge machines are not necessarily an advantage when considering safety aspects (rollover risk and maneuverability). As a result, a solution based on the cooperation of at least two mobile robots, moving from either side of a vine row, is investigated in this paper thanks to Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology.


When confronted with a new problem in physics or engineering, the physicist or engineer often makes 'back-of-the-envelope' calculations. These calculations explore the problem using mathematical and physical principles, known facts, and estimates of unknown values where necessary. The intent is to determine constraints for or estimates of the expected results of more detailed investigations. Often the calculations reveal preliminary results, and identify areas which require additional information. Sometimes fortune smiles and unexpectedly detailed and useful insight is gained with little effort. This report applies such an approach to construction of Egyptian Old Kingdom pyramids. The aim is to determine what can be learned about pyramid construction, without any reference to particular construction practices. We shall proceed as far as possible strictly from principles of physics and geometry and from a few simple assumptions. Simple considerations of size, mass, and shape, and of time available for construction yield surprisingly detailed estimates for rates of construction. Less well-determined but useful estimates of manpower also emerge. Pyramids offer an unusual situation in architectural investigations. Their extremely simple shape, and the simplicity of the construction, mean that arguments from geometry and physics can be properly and easily applied. Unfortunately this approach is not helpful for more common and more complex architectural remains. Important details about the construction of pyramids built during the Old Kingdom of Egypt are unknown to us. For example, no reliable accounts survive of methods of construction, or of the number of men engaged in building the pyramids. Two thousand years after the pyramids were built, Herodotus was told that some 100,000 men were employed in the construction of the Great Pyramid. Unfortunately much that Herodotus reported about ancient Egypt is now known to be unreliable. For purposes of illustration, this report uses the pyramid of Khufu at Giza, for the reason that more detailed information is available for that pyramid than for any other. The same principles apply to all the solid masonry pyramids of the Old Kingdom, and some basic findings are presented for all the surviving large pyramids. For mathematical consistency results are presented to three significant figures, though the available information does not support anywhere near the implied precision. Khufu's pyramid at Giza was the fifth large masonry pyramid completed in the Old Kingdom of Egypt. It was constructed apparently during the twenty-sixth century DC. Earlier large pyramids had been under construction for some 80 years before work began on this pyramid (Edwards 1988). Khufu's pyramid benefited from this period of increasing sophistication in pyramid construction (Fakhry 1961; Edwards 1988; Arnold 1991). Two more large pyramids were built at Giza after Khufu's pyramid (Fig. 1). Though somewhat damaged, Khufu's pyramid is still largely intact, and its dimensions are well established. The base, which was nearly a perfect square, has sides which originally averaged 230.4 m in length. The pyramid was 146.7 m high (Edwards 1988). From these values one computes an original volume of 2.59 x 10 m (one third of base area times height). The mass of the finished edifice was 7.01 x 109 kg (volume times density), taking the average density of the pyramid as 2.70 x 10 kg rrr. Khufu's reign is generally accepted to have lasted 23 years. We do not know for sure, however, if that figure is correct, nor do we know how much of his reign was occupied in construction of his pyramid. One may reasonably suppose the ancient builders had no idea how long the reign would last, and it is unlikely that pyramid construction coincided exactly with the duration of the reign. Lacking better guidance, and to make the simplest possible assumption, we assume construction of this pyramid required 23 years. If construction continued year-round, some 8400 days were available to assemble the pyramid, and this figure is used in most of the calculations presented here. Lacking knowledge of the actual length of time spent in constructing each pyramid means it is pointless, for the purpose of these calculations, to seek highly accurate values for other parameters in calculations where the construction time is a factor. The only assumptions about pyramid construction techniques used in this report are that pyramids were made of stone blocks quarried, shaped, moved, and installed by human power alone, that the pyramids were largely built in layers from bottom to top, and that horizontal transport (but not necessarily vertical lifting) was effected by dragging the blocks on wood sleds, for which there is considerable evidence in other building contexts (Clarke & Engelbach 1930; Arnold 1991). We treat a pyramid as if it were a


This paper proposes a novel method for superheat and capacity control of refrigeration systems. The new idea is to control the superheat by the compressor speed and capacity by the refrigerant flow. This gives a highly nonlinear transfer operator from compressor speed input to the superheat output. A new low order nonlinear model of the evaporator is developed and used in a backstepping design of an adaptive nonlinear controller. The stability of the proposed method is validated theoretically by Lyapunov analysis and experimental results shows the performance of the system for a wide range of operating points.


The invention discloses a balanced shield mud air-pressure cabin opening pressure maintaining and wall protecting construction method for shield tunneling. The method includes the steps that balanced shield mud is prepared, and the balanced shield mud is injected to the outer sides of shield segments through pressure to form seal rings; the balanced shield mud is injected to the outer side of a shield machine body through pressure; residue soil in a soil cabin is replaced by the balanced shield mud; a shield machine retracts after replacement, and a gap between a shield machine cutterhead and a tunnel face is filled with the balanced shield mud to form a mud wall with the thickness equivalent to the retracting distance; pressure is increased in a graded mode; and gas replacement is carried out. According the construction method, ground reinforcing is not needed, the novel balanced shield mud is adopted, difficulties in cabin opening operation of shield tunneling under buildings, at river bottoms with hydraulic connection, at water-rich fault zones and in unconsolidated formations are overcome, and difficulties in cabin opening operation of shield tunneling under special unstable stratums are overcome.


Qualitative content analysis was conducted on brief alcohol screen inventories including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Cut down, Annoyed, Guilt, Eye-opener (CAGE), Brief Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (bMAST), Rapid Alcohol Problem Screen–Quantity and Frequency (RAPS4-QF), and the TWEAK. Data were coded and categorized according to key terms and themes emerged via consensus of the research team. Results included six major themes: (a) consequences, (b) consumption, (c) emotions, (d) eye-opener, (e) perceptions, and (f) risks. Findings suggest emergent themes represent core constructs in the assessment of hazardous drinking and alcohol dependence and abuse. Discussion, implications, and recommendations for future research are provided.


The invention provides a means for color and / or shape change of keratinic fibers, in particular human hair, comprising in a cosmetic carrier at least one color and / or shape-changing component and additionally trans-4-tert-butyl cyclohexanol. The agents of the invention exhibit an improvement in the skin tolerance and a reduction of irritation on the scalp. At the same time, the use of leads trans-4-tert-butyl-cyclohexanol in a means of color and / or shape change of human hair to improve the moisture balance, in particular the moisture retention of keratin-containing fibers, improvement of the lubricant keratin-containing fibers, in particular human hair, to improve the gloss of keratin fibers, in particular human hair, as well as to protect the destructuring of keratin fibers, in particular human hair, by UV radiation.


A stable and inert amphiphilic Mn(II) complex based on a bisamide derivative of 1,4‐DO2A (DO2A=tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4‐diacetic acid) was synthesized and its 1H NMR relaxometric behavior was investigated as a function of the magnetic field strength, pH and temperature. The interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) was also studied via relaxometry showing a good relaxivity enhancement at low field (at 1T and 298 K the relaxivity increases from 4.5 mM−1 s−1 of the Mn(II)‐complex to 14.0 mM−1 s−1 of the complex‐HSA supramolecular adduct). In vivo biodistribution and MRI studies highlighted a rapid and mixed renal/liver elimination without spleen accumulation from healthy mice and good contrast enhancing properties in a breast tumor murine model. A comparison with a clinically approved Gd(III) agent (GdBOPTA, Multihance®) underlined that the proposed Mn(II) contrast agent gave comparable tumor contrast enhancement up to 3 hours post‐injection.


Members of cooperatives are patrons and owners simultaneously, which turns out to be a consequential feature ingrained in that sort of business associations. This paper puts forward some contributions to the subject. Firstly, it defines a primary cooperative, making hence a contrast with cooperatives of cooperatives and shaping up their distinctive incremental cash-flow structure. Secondly, it focuses on some governance attributes depicted by patronage dividends in their quest for cash flows from assets. Lastly, it points out that the pursuit of growth poses a threat to primary cooperatives, entailing both governance risks and costs whenever these organizations increase in size and scope.


Teamwork has been identified as an important skill for Software Engineering. Apart from being a skill required by industry for Software Engieering, teamwork is extensively applied in educational settings to support collaborative learning in all disciplines. We describe a process we applied for teaching teamwork in a Software Engineering module. We dubbed the process rocking the boat. Our objective with this process was to create an opportunity for our students to experience some of the advantages and problems of working in a group before they formed teams in which they had to work for the rest of the year. This is done to equip students with experience and knowledge about teamwork. After completing this process, the students are expected to form their own teams. We believe that the skills and knowledge they aquired through this process supported them in forming teams that are likely to succeed. We hope that the work they do in the rocking the boat process also contributed to their experiencing the work they do in their teams thereafter, as plain sailing. The process entails expecting students to work on well defined assignments for short periods in teams where high risk factors were induced. Through experiencing these short bursts of intense team tribulation students are prepared to handle events and situations related to team dysfunction. Students are also exposed to working with a large number of classmates. This enables them to meet and work with many of the students among whom they had to select their final team members. We describe the theories that contributed to the design of this process and how we implemented the process. We then describe how we gathered information about student behaviour and discuss our observations. We conclude with remarks about the potential success and possible improvement of the process, as well as future research directions. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. SACLA 2011, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa Copyright 2011 ACM 0-58113-000-0/00/0010 ...$10.00.


Abstract – Typhoon Haiyan of 2013, by the time it struck the Philippines, has been regarded as one of the strongest tropical cyclones. Yet there are discrepancies between the estimated maximum wind speeds reported by the weather agencies worldwide, causing widespread confusion. In the absence of credible in-situ wind speed measurements that will provide the storm's true strength, "Windicators" are analyzed. Windicator, coined from the terms wind and indicator, are existing simple structures of interest through failure analysis would directly provide an estimate of the wind speeds that brought the bending or even toppling of the structure. The study includes an expansive field survey on affected areas, excluding inundated areas, in Region VIII, where the storm made landfall at peak intensity. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to determine the wind speeds that initiated the failure, either yielding or localized buckling.  The direction of failure/deformation is taken into account in order to establish an estimated time of failure, which in turn directly reflects on the proximity of the storm at the time of the arrival of the winds that caused the structural failure. Using digital image correlation of the satellite images or the gradient wind equation from the approximation of pressure profile of the storm, the radial profile of the storm, before and during landfall are established.This can then be used to estimate the winds on the cyclone's eyewall from the computed wind speed experienced by the windicator. The study determined through analysis of five windicators, that Typhoon Haiyan has 1-minute sustained winds of 351 kph, 10-minute sustained winds of 290 kph, both estimated intensities before landfall at Leyte, and a minimum central pressure of 872.2 mbar, using Holland's approximation and from the recorded pressure of 910 mbar from Guiuan Weather Station of PAGASA. Keywords—Windicators; Typhoon Haiyan; Forensic Structural Analysis; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Wind Engineering; Geophysical Fluid Dynamics


The ad-hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes without any support of a stationary infrastructure. Due to the node's mobility and the network topology changes to be kinetic, the network disconnection occur frequently. This paper proposes a variation of the AODV protocol, which selects CORE nodes using path's accumulation information, and then establishes multi paths based on CORE-node's information. When network is disconnected, our proposed protocol saves path reset time and reduces the reset control messages by using the information held by the CORE-node.


In serving patients, especially patients with psychotic disorders, nurses are faced with situations where patients experience hallucinations. Severe hallucinatory behavior is sometimes easily assessed, but the symptoms of hallucinations are vague and mild, sometimes escape observation. Digital technology developed both audio and visual as well as Virtual Reality can quickly assess the appearance of hallucinatory symptoms, monitor hallucinatory behavior, thereby preventing hallucinations from becoming severe and preventing recurrence. Finally, the patient can get past the hallucinations that appear, and it is easy for the family to seek medical care as soon as possible if they know the behavior of the patient who is experiencing hallucinations early. This literature review aims to describe the development of digital technology in the assessment of hallucinations. This study uses a literature review method. The databases used are ScienceDirect, Scopus, Spingerlink and Oxford Journals. Articles with several keywords, such as hallucinations assessment, hallucinations, hallucinations assessment digital technology. The use of digital technology in assessing hallucinations can improve the quality of care. Further development in digital technology is needed to assess hallucinatory symptoms.
Keywords : hallucination, "hallucination assessment", "hallucination assessment digital technology"


The closed loop control of PMDC drive with an inner current controller and an outer PID-ANN (Proportional Integral Derivative – Artificial Neural Network) based speed controller is designed and presented in this paper. Motor is fed by DC / DC buck converter (DC Chopper). The controller is used to change the duty cycle of the converter and thereby, the voltage fed to the PMDC motor to regulate the speed. The PID-ANN controller designed was evaluated by computer simulation and it was implemented using an 8051 based embedded system. This system will operate in forward motoring with variable speed.


An approach is presented for management of the customer's service subscription information, etc. in a manner that is easily understood and readily manipulated by the customer. Support of logical names, called labels, is provided for referral by the customer to such entities as groups of people and their numbers, and to periods of time during which certain services and features are requested. The customer is able to associate labels with any information that he/she can provide. The label subsystem supports multiple representations of a label, such as a text-string for displays, a voice-print for voice activated service interactions, etc. This subsystem, implemented in a service independent manner, provides the basis for user interface support to any service. Used in conjunction with system-defined labels, this subsystem provides the foundation for the implementation of multi-lingual, scripting, and natural language interfaces for the management of customer services.<<ETX>>


Language socialization arose out of an anthropological conviction that language is a fundamental medium in children ' s development of social and cultural knowledge and sensibilities, a domain that the fi eld of language acquisition does not capture. While the study of child language encompasses developmental pragmat-ics (Ochs and Schieffelin 1979), the scope of pragmatics tends to be limited to what Malinowski (1935) called ' the context of situation, ' with an interest in verbal acts, activities, turns, sequences, stances, style, intentionality, agency, and the fl ow of information. Instead, the study of language socialization examines how children and other novices apprehend and enact the ' context of situation ' in relation to the ' context of culture. ' In so doing, language socialization research integrates discourse and ethnographic methods to capture the social structurings and cultural interpretations of semiotic forms, practices, and ideologies that inform novices ' practical engagements with others. While language acquisition research privileges mother – child conversation as a site of observation, language socialization research extends the object of inquiry to the range of adult and child communicative partners with whom a child or other novice routinely engages in some capacity across socioculturally confi gured settings. Language socialization also recognized a lacuna in anthropological studies of children across communities (Mead 1928 ; Whiting and Whiting 1975 ; Whiting and Edwards 1988), namely the paucity of attention to the role of language as integral to how children grow up to become members of families and communities. Mead concentrated on the psychocultural patterning of caregiving, weighing the effects of local culture on universal psychological and developmental forces in the transition from infancy to adulthood. The Harvard-based Six Cultures Project


AbstractIn this paper, the key heat-transfer parameters, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity of biocover material made of compost subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) for a wide range o...


We have studied the properties of the electron transport through double quantum dots based on the full counting statistic,discussed the effects of the polarization degree of the source(drain)electrode and the spin exchange interaction on the average current and shot noise.The average current and shot noise as functions of the electrode polarizability were given for the different exchange coupling,based on which we have analyzed the contribution of the spin singlet and triplet states on the average current and shot noise,and explained the super-Poissonian behavior of the shot noise in term of bunching effect induced by spin blockade.


On 4 May 2010, the Commission announced that it had adopted a decision under Article 9 of Regulation 1/2003 to accept commitments from E.ON concerning the German gas market. This follows a market…


Catalytic and structural effects of the vanadia content and niobium oxide doping on the catalyst system V 2 O 5 -ZrO 2 has been studied by catalytic testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), textural measurements, temperature programmed reduction (TPR), Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES). A maximum of the catalytic activity in the oxidative dehydrogenation (0DH) of propane was obtained for V 2 O 5 -ZrO 2 catalysts with vanadia contents between 3 and 5 mol%. Doping of V 2 O 5 -ZrO 2 catalysts with niobia caused a decrease in the catalytic activity in the ODH ofpropane for catalysts with a vanadia content of3 mol%, a maximum was obtained for the catalyst system with a vanadia content of 5 mol% at Nb/V atomic ratios between 1 and 3. The latter is caused by the increase in the specific surface area by doping V 2 O 5 -ZrO 2 with niobia. The strong interaction between niobia and vanadia influences the interaction between vanadia and zirconia with the partial formation of V-O-Nb species.


Background: Histological grading (HG) is probably the most important clinico-pathological parameter that will provide information about tumour intrinsic characteristics and aggressiveness. HG is included in prognostic guidelines for treatment decision making such as St Gallen, Nottingham Prognostic Index and Adjuvant!Online. Grade 3 (G3) Breast cancer (BC) is associated with poor prognosis in terms of survival and recurrence. G3 BC reflects independent biological entities rather than being the end of the spectrum of cancer progression. Our aim is to establish the clinical relevance of HG as prognostic factor in a specific cohort of BC patients and define its relation with survival and recurrence endpoints.Method: This is a retrospective cohort analysis from 1489 operable Breast Cancer patients attending the Oncology Service at Singleton Hospital, Wales, UK between 1996 and 2002.HG was recorded for 1339 cases and outcome data were available on 1213 cases. Correlation of clinical variables with Overall Survival (OS), Distant Disease Free Survival (DDFS) and Disease Free Survival (DFS) was performed using Cox regression model.Results:The median follow-up for the cohort was 5.43 years (range 0.09 to 10.14 years) Patients were characterised according to age, HG, tumour size (TNM-T), nodal status, ER status and systemic treatment received (polychemotherapy/tamoxifen). Independent Cox regression models for each endpoint were developed based on univariate analyses. Multivariate analysis results are presented in Figure 1.Subgroup analysis of G3 cases showed a younger population: median age G3 59.4y vs G1/G2 62.9 y p: Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6005.


Functionalized cyclopentenones were synthesized by the diazomethane ring expansion of cyclobutanones, produced by the photochemical reaction of vinyl oxazolidinones with chromium carbene complexes.


ABSTRACT Biodiesel is an environmental friendly alternative fuel for petroleum diesel (PD). It can also be used as blend component with PD. In the present study, the ultrasonic absorption of cotton seed oil methyl esters (CSOME) and palm stearin methyl esters (PSME) biodiesels and their blends with PD have been measured and analyzed as a function of fatty acid profiles of biodiesels. The CSOME that are rich in unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) have shown more absorption than PSME which are rich in saturated FAME as there is difference in the structures of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The reason for the absorption may be due to the molecular relaxation phenomenon of methyl ester molecules. The ultrasonic absorption may be more in blends than in pure oils.


In 2015, media reported on new allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse committed by UN peacekeepers against civilians. This was not the first time such allegations were made. Although a number of measures have been taken at the UN level to combat these crimes, the problem persists.

The majority of the personnel in UN peacekeeping operations are members of national military contingents, and most of the allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse are directed against this group. Regarding these persons, criminal jurisdiction and authority to decide on disciplinary matters stay with the sending State. The sending State is therefore responsible for investigating and prosecuting crimes committed by members of their national contingents but for different reasons, domestic authorities do not always investigate into such allegations. This essay focuses on the responsibility of the sending State. The scope of human rights treaties – the ICCPR to some extent but mainly the ECHR – is examined in this regard. The rationale behind this focus is that the ECHR is arguably the human rights instrument with the largest potential of providing a successful legal venue for the individual in this respect. Additionally, the judgments of the ECtHR, unlike the decisions of the HRC, are legally binding. As most UN peacekeeping operations take place in other continents than Europe, the concept of extraterritorial jurisdiction is central and a prerequisite for holding the sending State accountable for human rights violations committed by its soldiers in this context.

There is no doubt that the notion of extraterritorial jurisdiction has been acknowledged both in terms of the ICCPR and the ECHR. Regarding the latter, the ECtHR has in recent years shown a more permissive approach to the notion of extraterritorial jurisdiction and its case law has evolved significantly in this regard. However, in a case concerning a UN operation in Kosovo, where the conduct in question was considered attributable to the UN rather than to the sending State, the case was declared inadmissible. It was held that acts of Contracting Parties covered by a UNSC resolution could not be subjected to the scrutiny of the ECtHR. In this essay it is assumed that acts of sexual exploitation and abuse cannot be covered by the mandate or be attributable to the UN. The ECtHR is thus able to review such cases. It is argued that extraterritorial jurisdiction can arise in two ways; through a continuously permissive interpretation and application of the concept of extraterritorial jurisdiction by the ECtHR, or through the application of a model of extraterritorial jurisdiction argued for in the legal doctrine, which separates between positive and negative human rights obligations of States.

However, State responsibility under the ECHR is not enough from the perspective of the victims. UN peacekeepers come from all over the world, and the largest troop-contributing nations are not parties to the ECHR. Thus, there is a need for a global solution in order for the victims of these violations to be able to seek justice and redress and in order to address impunity. A convention-based regime or a special court or tribunal for this purpose is therefore suggested as a possible solution.


The innovative time series methodology that is presented was used to examine the relationship between the safety impact of longitudinal pavement markings and their retroreflectivity. The need for the methodology was determined through an examination of the pavement marking safety literature, the desire to build on previous retroreflectivity research, and an understanding of how retroreflectivity is a function of the age of pavement markings and markers. The time series methodology involves solving for multipliers that represent the change in the expected number of crashes as a function of pavement marking retroreflectivity while simultaneously solving for seasonal effect multipliers. The time series methodology is explained in detail; its usefulness has been demonstrated through the analysis of 8 years of pavement marking and marker installation data, traffic volumes, and crash data. Safety effect multipliers were solved for yellow and white pavement markings separately and in combination. The multipliers covered different road types and crash severities by using retroreflectivity models and California's data for more than 118,000 nonintersection, nondaylight (night, dawn, and dusk) recorded crashes. To apply the time series methodology, it was necessary to develop retroreflectivity models as a function of age, color, marking material type or marker type, climate region, and amount of snow removal. The results showed that retroreflectivity levels have no effect to a small effect on the safety performance of those roadways maintained to a reasonable level of pavement marking.


The vibration characteristics of piping structures were investigated using statistical energy analysis. Previous analytical expressions for the modal density and impedance of cylindrical shells [M. Heckl, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 34, 1553‐1557 (1962)] were expanded to obtain more accurate results in the frequency range below the ring frequency. The case of a pipe connected to a plate was considered, and an expression for the coupling loss factor between the two structures was developed for a wide frequency range extending from well below to well above the ring frequency of the pipe. Laboratory measurements were made on three pipe‐plate structures having different geometric ratios. The results indicate the importance of the various order cylinder modes in the vibration characteristics of piping structures. [Work supported in part by DTNSRDC/Annapolis and EPA‐ONAC.]


ABSTRACT Moko is a disease produced by the Ralstonia solanacearum philotype II race 2 bacteria, which has caused great economic losses and currently continues without adequate management. Therefore, the use of quantitative methods based on mathematical simulation models has gained importance in devising effective control programmes and interpreting epidemiological patterns. For this reason, appropriate prevention strategies for the incidence of banana Moko disease were evaluated, using a model of population simulation with nonlinear ordinary differential equations varying disease prevention scenarios with a population of susceptible and infected plants over time. The behaviour of banana Moko disease was plotted on a farm in the initial state of infection, considering the proportion of the prevention strategies used and the elimination of infected plants , observing that when it is implemented the threshold value will be lower and the disease tends to be controlled, whereas when is implemented the threshold value is high and the disease persists over time. This effect of and was corroborated by the sensitivity analysis, which showed that the parameter that most influences the threshold value is However, to decrease production costs due to the high implementation of prevention strategies, different scenarios are shown that favour the control of the disease and decrease these costs.


Aims The relationship between leaf venation and stomatal traits reflects leaf water potential of plants, and is fundamental to probe the relationship between physiological functions and water use. Our objective was to study the changes in the relationship between venation density and stomatal traits (stomatal density and stomatal length) in Robinia pseudoacacia with the changes in slope aspects. of each intervals of A handed GPS (global positioning used to measure latitude, and These correlations were strongest in south slope ( p < 0.01).


In this article the recent progress in research of an important class of VIB metal-metal triply bonded compounds, R2M2(CO)4(R = Cp or substituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl etc.), has been reviewed. The emphasis of the article is placed on chemical reactivities of the functional group M=M present in this class of compounds. Topics discussed in this article includes synthesis and structures of R2M2(CO)4, the reactions of its metal-metal triple bond with various reagents (such as nucleophiles, carbon-carbon multiple bond compounds, oxygen molecule and metal carbonyls etc.), and some of their applications. '


In Para and Maranhao States in Brazil, women and young girls are enticed from their towns by the promise of jobs in mining encampments and near large civil construction sites only to be sold into servitude in brothels. The women are virtually slaves who are told they must work as prostitutes to pay their transportation costs and other debts incurred (such as the purchase of medicine to treat malaria). Once this is done, the women must reimburse the brothel owners for the price paid for them. Since the brothel owners collect the client's money directly and transportation costs out of the area are high, few women can leave. Those who try to escape are beaten, tortured, or even killed. The local police are allegedly party to this situation. After publication of this situation in 1992, federal police raided a number of brothels, released more than 70 prostitutes, including many minors, and arrested 10 brothel owners. There is evidence that this problem is widespread in Amazonia, despite the fact that Brazil has ratified several international conventions designed to outlaw slavery and forced prostitution and to protect children.


AbstractIn this paper we deal with the location of nested hierarchical facilities. In hierarchical facilify systems there are multiple levels of service facilities such that each facility level provides different but related services. The specific hierarchical locational system which we model is a nested facility hierarchy such that the location of a higher level facility at a site requires that services of all lower levels also be located at that site. In addition, it is assumed that all demand is serviced directly by the closest facility of the appropriate level and that there are no referrals. We formulate the nested hierarchical median problem as a binary linear program (BLP). The resulting BLPs can be solved with a Lagrangian dual bounding approach based on a novel extension of the corresponding p-median solution procedure and a special relaxation of the BLP formulation. Computational experience for 2-level and 3-level locational systems on moderately sized networks are reported.


This paper presents a novel VQ structure which provides very good quality encoding for video sequences and exploits the computational savings gained from a fast-search algorithm. It uses an adaptive-search, variable-length encoding method which allows for very fast matching of a wide range of transmission rates. Both the encoding quality and the computational benefits from the fast-search algorithm are presented. Simulations show that full-search tree residual VQ (FTRVQ) can provide up to 3 dB improvement over a similar RVQ encoder on video sequences.


This study develops a method to build Finite State Automaton (FSA) that models the dependencies between the operating-system (OS)-level events recorded in the audit logs of a Windows NT machine. The FSA model contains both sequential and branching relations among audit log events that help the system administrator follow the steps of the intruder. Auditlog-FSA (ALFSA) are relatively proportional to the size of the audit log, hence, may have too many states and transitions. The superset-intrusion-signature-FSA (SISFSA) is extracted using formal methods on ALFSA. The SISFSA accepts a super set of the intruder's steps since not all of its actions may result in system failure, yet it provides the system administrator with a smaller set of patterns compared to ALFSA. Once the intrusion signature is finalized, fault diagnosis methods, developed for detection of faults in systems such as Heat Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems, are used to detect the intrusion under full and partial-observation. Performance results are provided in the computer intrusion data set collected by Information Systems Technology Group at Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory under Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and Air Force Research Laboratory (IST-MIT-LL data set) in 1999 for Windows NT attacks.


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Report was produced by AgriFood Research, Finland (MTT); Agro Business Park, Denmark (ABP); AgroTech-Institute of Agri Technology and Food Innovation, Denmark; Swedish Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering (JTI)


Correlations of financial asset returns play a central role in designing investment portfolios by using Markowitz's modern portfolio theory (MPT). Correlations are calculated from asset prices that happen at various trading time intervals. Therefore, trading frequency dictates correlation values. This phenomenon is called the Epps effect in finance. We present variations of correlations as a function of trading frequency to quantify Epps effect. The results reiterate that portfolio rebalancing, particularly in multiple trading frequencies, requires good estimation of correlations in order to deliver reliable hedging.


Multicopy plasmids of pMCR series have been constructed from pRRN2 (a pBR322 derivative) including plasmids carrying transcription terminators downstream the tet gene and those with opposite orientation of the tet and RNAI genes. The plasmids permit cloning and high expression of genes with strong promoters.