Fatigue crack growth test of a grain-oriented 3% silicon iron was carried out under constant amplitude loading. Shape of a specimen surface around the fatigue crack tip was transferred to thin plastic films, and these replica films were observed by means of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) with high resolution. In the high K region, two preferential slip systems operated in the vicinity of the crack tip. Slip behavior around the crack tip was observed at the maximum and minimum loads for several loading cycles, and slip deformation during loading or unloading cycles was evaluated quantitatively. By considering the slip deformation and intervals of two adjacent slips, it is found that the fatigue crack grows by two preferential slip systems operating alternately. The crack propagation was occurred by the slip deformation and the crack path was inclined because two slips operated asymmetrically.


In this investigation, an improved Fourier series method is presented for the free vibration analysis of the moderately thick laminated composite rectangular plate with multi-points supported boundary conditions. Under the current framework, the displacement and rotation functions are generally sought, regardless of boundary conditions, in spectral form, as a double Fourier cosine series and three supplementary functions. These supplementary functions are introduced to remove the potential discontinuities associated with the original displacement functions along the edges. The boundary conditions can be readily realized by setting the stiffness of the five types restraining springs. All the series expansion coefficients are treated as the generalized coordinates and determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz technique. Unlike most of the existing studies, the presented method can be readily applied to a wide spectrum of plate vibration problems with no need of modifying the basic functions or adapting solution procedures, such as different boundary conditions, varying material, and geometric properties. The excellent accuracy of the current result is validated by comparing the present results with those Finite Element Method (FEM) data. Numerous new results are also presented for free vibration of moderately thick rectangular plates with various multi-points supported boundary conditions.


The invention discloses a non-silicon defoamer used for solvent-based coating and ink and a preparation method thereof. The defoamer is prepared from an acrylate monomer, a functional acrylate monomer, an initiator, a solvent and fumed silica. The defoamer disclosed in the invention has excellent foam inhibiting and defoaming effects, and can replace organosilicone defoamers to be used in a system.


BACKGROUND: The capacity and mechanism of adsorption of the reactive dyes monoazo (RR2) and diazo (RR141), using a new adsorbent with a strong ecological appeal developed from the sludge of the textile effluent treatment process, were investigated. The kinetics and adsorption isotherms were determined at different temperatures and salt concentrations. After determination of the best experimental conditions for adsorption for both dyes, tests were carried out in fixed-bed adsorption columns.

RESULTS: For both dyes, there was a reduction in the adsorption capacity of the adsorbent developed when the system operated at temperatures above 40 °C. When 10% (by mass) of sodium chloride was added to the adsorbate RR141 the maximum adsorption increased from 66.67 mg g−1 to 78.74 mg g−1. For both dyes, the addition of sodium sulfate did not favor significantly the adsorption. The results obtained for scale-up of the laboratory data for the adsorption columns indicated that the operating time with reactive dye diazo is 43.5% longer than that for monoazo.

CONCLUSION: The adsorbent studied was shown to be a very promising alternative in terms of an environmentally friendly process. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry


Introduction The introduction of mathematical software packages such as Excel, MATLAB and Polymath into the field of engineering problem solving has brought the benefits of higher speed and precision in obtaining the results. However, numerical solution techniques have also introduced some new sources of errors. These errors may often pass undetected because of the lack of experience in the use of the new computational tools. A few examples of errors originating from numerical sources follow. 1. Regression and Analysis of Data The most common errors in regression of data originate from the use of regression models with too many or too few parameters, fitting polynomial models without proper scaling (standardization) of the temperature data, correlation of data when the model equations are improperly linearizedor when experimental design for obtaining the data is not satisfactory. 2. Systems of Nonlinear Algebraic Equations (NLE) There are many examples in the literature showing that identification of good initial guesses and formulating the problem correctly for enabling convergence to a solution of an NLE system may represent a major challenge. Even if the solution is found, it may be infeasible in the physical sense (solution with negative concentrations, for example) or a false solution caused by improper variable and/or function scaling. 3. Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) Indiscriminate use of default error tolerances of the ODE solver tools is the most common source of errors in solving ordinary differential equations. Failure to use the proper integration algorithm (stiff vs. non-stiff), carelessly rounding numbers in the model equations, using the model outside the domain of its validity and the use of inadequate resolution in presenting the results have been documented as additional common sources of errors in solving ODEs. Being aware of potential causes to errors in numerical problem solving is a preliminary requirement to detection and prevention of such errors. In this paper three potential causes of errors are described and demonstrated. Means to prevent these errors are proposed.


DNA methylation is a major epigenetic modification process. DNA methylation have played an important role in the development of disease cells and normal cells. Mutations in the genetic sequence of DNMT3A and IDH are found in many patients with acute myeloid leukemia. They lead to dysfunction of DNMT3A protein and isocitrate dehydrogenase and bad prognosis. However, the process of how they regulate DNA methylation in acute myeloid leukemia, affecting the development of the disease is not clear. Following work is conducted: In the analysis of survival, we have studied the influence of different mutations on patients' survival, then we select DNMT3A and IDH genes as the key genes. We use JHU-USC HumanMethylation450K data of 74 AML samples downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas ( https://tcga-data.nci.nih.gov),together with 40 normal samples downloaded from The Gene Expression Omnibus ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/),then through QDMR( http://bioinfo.hrbmu.edu.cn/qdmr/ ) and SAM (SAMR package is used to analyze significance of microarrays) method, 1,991 Differentially methylated sites(DMS) are screened eventually, finally these CpG sites are mapped to 1,452 genes. Outcomes from cluster analysis illustrate that there exist little differences in individuals from normal samples. Disease samples have a higher methylation proportion than normal samples. Then, we match the genome for DMS and discover that the hypermethylation inclines to a lower expression in the promoter, DNA methylation and gene expression in the sample indicate a slightly positive correlation on gene body. Functional enrichment analysis illustrates that differentially methylated genes are mostly enriched in cancer pathway and cell adhesion. This topic is based on DNA methylation to classify samples and do function analysis for DMS. It can provide the diagnosis and therapy of acute myeloid leukemia with great help.


A vehicle and a suspension assembly for a vehicle are disclosed. A shock absorber includes a distal end and a proximal end spaced from each other along a central axis. A first spring and a second spring each encircle the shock absorber. The first and second springs align with each other along the central axis between the distal and proximal ends. An actuator includes a movable portion which is movable relative to the shock absorber between a first position wherein the first spring and the second spring are both compressible to define a first total spring rate, and a second position wherein the first spring is incompressible and the second spring is compressible to define a second total spring rate different from the first total spring rate.


While grief and loss are common and universal life transitions, the language and customs of grieving differ based on the intersection of family practice and spiritual/religious affiliation. One aspect of cultural awareness and sensitivity to differing mourning processes may be the counselor's awareness of meaningful verbiage and practice. This literature-based article will introduce family counselors to the differing nomenclature and practices of bereavement and offer implications for culturally relevant and sensitive counseling practice to support the family members' mourning processes (n = 80).


The invention discloses a double-fed asynchronous motor low-voltage ride through control system and method. The method comprises the following steps that abc/dq conversion is carried out on transient voltage and currents, obtained through sampling, of a load side to obtain voltage components and current components under a rotating coordinate system dq; active power and reactive power under the coordinate system dq are calculated according to the abc/dq coordinate conversion results; active and reactive decoupling control is carried out on the calculated active power, the reactive power, a designated value of the active power and a designated value of the reactive power, and a control signal is output; the control signal is used as a switching signal of an energy storage converter after being modulated through SVPWM so that an energy storage unit can designate output of the active power and the reactive power. According to the control system and the control method, an energy storage system and a low-voltage ride through system can be well combined, energy can be well and effectively utilized, and the low-voltage ride through ability of a DFIG can be improved.


In this paper we examine the energy consumption of IP Over Optical WDM Networks. As the number of Internet users increases the Internet expands in reach and capacity. This results in increased energy consumption of the network. Minimizing the power consumption, termed as "Greening the Internet", is desirable to help service providers (SP) operate their networks and provide services more efficiently in terms of power consumption. Minimizing the operational power typically depends on the strategy (e.g., lightpath bypass, lightpath non-bypass and traffic grooming) and operations (e.g., electronic domain versus optical domain). We consider a typical optical backbone network model, and develop a model which minimizes the power consumption. Performance calculation shows that our method consumes less power compared to traffic grooming approach.


The present invention provides a ready Oxidhalbleiterelektrode which can realize a combination of high transparency, high surface area and strong to ultraviolet light as well as visible light responsive. The Oxidhalbleiterelektrode comprises a conductive substrate and, provided on the conductive substrate oxide semiconductor layer. The oxide semiconductor layer is a porous layer comprising porous titanium oxide particles were connected to one another to define in communication between the particles pores. the pores of the titanium itself preferably have a diameter of 10 to 40 nm, the communicating pores between the particles have a diameter of 10 to 70 nm, and the titanium particles have an average diameter of 10 to 70 nm.


A study was made to see the feasibility of using bio-surfactant (rhamnolipid fermentation liquor) as a sacrificial agent in the ASP flooding pilot test. The interfacial tensions between solutions containing only bio-surfactant and/or surfactant (ORS) and crude oil were studied at a constant NaOH concentration. The interfacial tension between bio-surfactant-ORS system and oil is lower than that of ORS alone. The interfacial activity of the compound (mixture) of bio-surfactant and ORS is obviously synergetic. Adsorption isotherms of the bio-surfactant and ORS system were established to assess the sacrificial effect of bio-surfactant. Static adsorption experiments indicate that adsorption loss of surfactant (ORS) can be reduced by 25 - 30% by bio-surfactant and ORS mixture or pre-adsorption with bio-surfactant on oil sand. The ASP flooding was tested with bio-surfactant and ORS. The concentration of ORS is decreased by 50% to that of the original ASP flooding in which 0.15% bio-surfactant was added. In the test area, the oil recovery factor is averagely increased by 16.64%(OOIP). The relative concentration of ORS in the produced well effluent for bio-surfactant ASP flooding test is the same as ASP flooding of only ORS.


ardiac troponin (cTn) is a well-known, sensitive cardiac biomarker of acute coronary syndrome and acute myocardial infarction.1 The cTn protein complex is immobilized on the thin filament of the contractile machinery of the cardiomyocyte. It consists of 3 distinct proteins (cTnC, cTnT, and cTnI) that are encoded by separate genes. cTnI has not been reported to be expressed outside of cardiac tissue. Fetal isoforms of cTnT exist in diseased and regenerating skeletal muscle, but the new generation cTnT assay can avoid detection of these fetal forms. Therefore, cTnI and cTnT are highly specific cardiac markers that are extremely valuable and sensitive in the diagnosis of myocardial necrosis and risk stratification.2,3


To design and develop smart grid its need to innovate smart appliances which are more reliable and efficient. To contribute in smart work we are going to design a cost effective solution in distribution transformer, to protect it from thermal overload. In India the maximum distribution transformer is damaged due to overloading, but still there is no any smart protection is applied for it due to its high cost. One other advantage of newly designed Protection system of transformer is it having inbuilt thermal overload protection in distribution transformer. Every distribution transformer having star connected secondary winding. As concentrate on that neutral point we design contactor based system to disconnect neutral point when thermal overload is occurring. Index Terms A Transformer, Winding, Thermal Overload Protection, Bimetal switch, Contactor. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________


DC grids of system voltages above 20V demand different safety concepts compared to conventional AC grids. More elaborate protection devices have to be developed to detect not only high-power, but also low-power faults. The discrimination between faults and load variations can be supported by model-based machine learning methods. For this purpose, this contribution developes time-invariant and linearized system-models with chains of two-ports including possible faults. To consider faults in transmission lines occuring after steady-state system conditions, the initial distribution of voltages and currents is modeled by spatially concentrated equivalent sources. This approach leads to an analytic frequency domain solution without spatial discretization. Measurements on a two-core cable compare favourably with this closed form model.


In their recent article on septic myocardial dysfunction, Dr, Bouhemad and colleagues (1) demonstrate acute and reversible left ventricular (LV) dilation in patients with septic shock-induced cardiac dysfunction. According to the authors, this LV dilation was missed in several previous studies (especially by Vieillard-Baron and coworkers) essentially because patients with septic shock were considered as a single homogeneous population, whereas their data demonstrate that the concept of preload recruitment applies only to the subgroup of patients with (and, supposedly, in response to) systolic LV ejection impairment. This conclusion, however, was drawn from a selected group of eight patients only (those with increased troponin I and fractional area changes 50%) among 45 septic shock patients studied, and Figure 3 of their article actually shows that only two of those patients had LV end-diastolic area (LVEDA) 15 cm/m at day 1. In our opinion, the main information in the present data is confirmation that major LV dilation is not common or typical feature of septic heart. In opposition with authors' statement, we doubt that a more aggressive fluid therapy would have resulted in even greater LV dilation in their patients: a 100% increase in LV enddiastolic volume, as initially described by Parker et al (2). In our study, quoted by Dr. Bouhemad and colleagues as one having reported "normal" values of LVEDA at the beginning of septic shock, initial measurements (LVEDA 9.6 3.6 cm/ m) were obtained when 13 of 15 patients were still fluid responsive (3). After successive 250 –500 mL volume loading steps were repeated in all patients until no increase in stroke volume was obtained, final measurements (12.8 3.7 cm/m) were consistent with moderate LV dilation occurring in some patients (3, 4) but were only marginally larger than those obtained before this last volume loading step, that is, at "optimal" preload (12.2 3.4 cm/m). Thus, as expected from physiology, fluid loading plays a crucial role in the occurrence of LV dilation, but distensibility of septic LV, even if moderately increased in some patients, is limited when preload has already been recruited by optimal fluid loading. The second point we would like to discuss is whether the data really support the view that LV dilation occurs as an adaptation in response to the impairment of systolic LV ejection allowing maintenance of cardiac output. This statement was based on the correlation found between LVEDA and aortic velocity time integral in group 2. However, in accordance with definition of LV systolic dysfunction in the study (an LV ejection fraction 50%), it is a negative correlation between LVEDA and fractional area change (the higher values of LVEDA associated with the lower values of FAC) that would support the "adaptation hypothesis." This correlation was not reported in the article, but it can be deduced from Figure 3 that such correlation did not exist in group 2. This absence of correlation is in fact consistent with previous findings showing that LV end-diastolic volume is not affected by changes in LV ejection fraction and cardiac output that occur with time in septic shock patients, notably when inotropic support or vasoconstrictor dosages are modified (5). It has been shown in an animal model of resuscitated septic shock that LV dilation developed early, before occurrence of systolic depression (6). Cellular mechanisms such as reduced myofilament responsiveness to Ca via increased phosphorylation of contractile proteins, which constitute a cellular basis for both increased LV distensibility and systolic depression, have been demonstrated in experimental sepsis (7). Accordingly, levosimendan, a Ca sensitizer, decreased LV enddiastolic volume and increased LV ejection fraction in patients with septic myocardial depression (8). Taken together, these data suggest that moderate LV dilation, secondary to increased LV distensibility and fluid administration, is not an adaptive mechanism but rather part of septic myocardial dysfunction. The data presented by Dr. Bouhemad and colleagues are consistent with this alternative hypothesis. The authors have not disclosed any potential conflicts of interest.


September 11 has proved to be something of a Rohrschach test: the initial responses told us much more about the prejudices and fears of the various commentators and respondents than about the events themselves. Literary exhibitionists, unencumbered by inhibitions-and, in most cases, by factual knowledge-could hardly resist the opportunity to pontificate or, simply, to puff-up a flagging resume with an easy by-line. After all, given what will likely be the founding historical event of the new millennium, what self-promoting pundit (a pleonism, admittedly) could risk being left out? Sadly, few persons had the courage to state the obvious: given the scope of the tragedy and the fact that everyone was caught entirely off-guard, words simply fell short. Given the hyperbole, misinformation, and doomsaying that was glibly dispensed in 9/11's aftermath, it would be a worthy exercise for someone simply to collect and republish the various misstatements. Perhaps-just perhaps-next time around the leading offenders would display some shame. (For my part, when asked to comment, I relied on the timeless wisdom of Chairman Mao, who, when asked to evaluate the results of the French Revolution, aptly responded: "it's too soon to tell.") The New Yorker's presumably well-meaning attempt to turn September 11 into grist for the literary mill simply fell flat.' The unquestionable highlight was Susan Sontag's spectacularly maladroit attempt (the victims' bodies were still warm beneath


Two different sieving polymers, branched (dextran) and linear (poly(ethylene oxide)), were used in high-performance capillary gel electrophoresis to study the effect of temperature on the separation of SDS-protein complexes in the molecular mass range of 14 000-97 400 Da. Migration properties and band broadening of the proteins were studied as a function of column temperature ranging from 20 and 50 o C. Equations have been derived that relate the effect of temperature on the mobility of the solute


The present contribution focuses on losses through the stator section of a compressor stage. Preliminary numerical simulations on this blade profile showed that the secondary flows dominate the passage and will decrease the performance of the compressor dramatically. Low profile vortex generators which are selected with the aid of preliminary numerical simulations are included on the side walls of an experimental facility of a linear compressor cascade in order to reduce the secondary flow losses. Besides end-wall control, rib type VG's on the blade suction surface are tested experimentally. The effects of VG's are first observed in the exit plane in terms of total pressure and velocity distributions, then for surface pressure distributions. The main parameters in selecting an optimum control case are defined as the loss in total pressure, flow turning, and boundary layer shape-factor. VG's are promising when they are at a correct incidence angle inside the passage or at an optimized location upstream. The number of cases has to be increased to claim a quantitative database but since the cases were wisely selected according to the literature and the preliminary numerical results, a qualitative optimization is obtained for the defined stator blade. Simplified investigations on the results also provide some guidelines to generate a database for the future in the purpose of design rules definitions.


Globalization makes managers to put more efforts on improving organizational structures in order to increase competitive competences for firms to sustain in the competitive business arena. Owing to deteriorating economy environment, enterprises have to develop their competitive advantages; however, providing good quality of products is addressed as the niche in present business world. ISO 9001 quality management system is the standard platform around the world and it is a basic requirement for companies which engage in international business. This study focused on introducing ISO 9001 quality management system to increase firm's competitive advantages. Besides, we also intended to explore the relationship among authority of high rank officers, resource management, product management, and quality control method toward performance in this study. The results are as following: First, acquiring attestation of ISO 9001 helps the firm to be recognized by foreign companies such as Wal-Mart. Second, I verified that authority of high rank officers, resource management, product management, and quality control method all have positive influence on performance. Finally, I also found that implementing ISO quality management system not only decreased cases of customer complaints and rework, but also improved quality of products and processes for increasing the firm's competitive advantages


This paper evaluates the effect of estate taxes on labor supply. The analysis decomposes the effect of estate taxation into the substitution effect of relative price changes and the two income effects for which the estate tax is responsible. These two income effects arise from tax burdens on those who leave estates plus tax burdens on those who receive them. Despite the double income burden of the estate tax, existing empirical evidence suggests that the net effect of estate taxation on aggregate labor supply is uncertain.


This case study is designed solely to demonstrate how factor analysis, cluster analysis and discriminant analysis can be used to enhance decision making. Interpretation of secondary quantitative data shows that students can be segmented by their entrepreneurial propensity into three distinct groups. This paper is intended solely for pedagogical purposes and the findings should not be deemed valid. In addition to exploring the benefits of factor, cluster and discriminant analysis, this paper also provides a brief literature review in the area of corporate entrepreneurship.


To investigate the formulation of the peptide‐based antagonist (34Pro,35Phe)CGRP27–37, of the human calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) receptor as a potential nasally delivered migraine treatment.


With 3 factors and 5 levels of the secondary regression of orthogonal block design,artificial water control experiments in the shed of rain-free condition were conducted in the semiarid cold region of northwest of Hebei to analyze the effects of different water-fertilizer coupling on soil nitrate accumulation (0 ~ 40 cm depth) in celery harvest period. The results showed that:①To high,moderate,low water-fertilizer coupling,higher fertilizer and higher water treatment reduced accumulation of soil nitrate while higher fertilizer and lower water treatment accumulated more soil nitrate. With the increase of single factor,the effects of N,P and W on soil nitrate were increasing,unobvious and decreasing respectively. ②Under three factor coupling,soil nitrate increased with N increases under the same P and W level; nitrate decreased with W increases under the same N and P level; while nitrate was uncertain with P increases under the same N and W level. Nitrate accumulation increased with depth in all treatments,which shows the leaching effect of water on soil nitrate.


This study aims to determine whether there are significant differences in the acquisition of basic science process skills by gender, school location and by grade levels among upper primary school students. Using an established 36-item Basic Science Process Skills test that assesses the skills of observing, communicating, classifying, measuring, predicting and inferring with appropriate reliability and validity, the instrument was administered to 220 respondents - 80, 80 and 60 in Years 4, 5 and 6 respectively, drawn from two urban and two rural national primary schools in Perak. The data were analysed by gender and by location using an independent samples t-test, and by grade level using one-way ANOVA. The findings indicated that while there was no gender difference, significant differences in the basic science process skills were found between rural and urban students, favouring the latter, in terms of observing, communicating, classifying and inferring. The significant grade level differences were only observed between Year 4 and Year 6 students, favouring the latter, in terms of measuring, predicting and inferring. Possible reasons for the differences observed are discussed.


The application of melt inclusion (MI) studies to migmatitic and granulitic terranes is a recent, small-scale approach for a better understanding of melting in the continental crust. In order to show the role of anatectic MI in providing a wealth of microstructural and compositional information on high-temperature metamorphism and crustal anatexis, we review a series of studies on the crustal footwall of the Ronda peridotites (Betic Cordillera, S Spain), which consists of an inverted metamorphic sequence with granulite-facies rocks showing extensive melting on top and amphibolites-facies rocks at the bottom. We studied the microstructures and geochemistry of small (2-10 µm) primary MI hosted in peritectic garnet of  metatexites at the bottom of the migmatitic sequence and of diatexites close to the contact with the mantle rocks. The occurrence of MI is a proof that the investigated rocks were partially melted at some time in their history, despite other microstructures indicating the former presence of melt in mylonite were erased by deformation. MI show a variable degree of crystallization ranging from totally glassy to fully crystallized (nanogranites), consisting of Qtz+Pl+Kfs+Bt+Ms aggregates (often modal Kfs > Pl in mylonites). Piston cylinder remelting experiments led to the complete rehomogenization of nanogranites in metatexites at the conditions inferred for anatexis. Compositions of investigated MI are all leucogranitic and peraluminous and differ from those of coexisting leucosomes and from melts calculated by phase equilibria modeling. Systematic compositional variations have been observed between MI in metatexites and mylonites: the former commonly show higher H 2 O, CaO, Na 2 O/K 2 O and lower FeO. The compositions of MI in metatexites and mylonites are interpreted to record the composition of the anatectic melts produced from a peraluminous greywacke i) on, and immediately after crossing, the fluid-saturated solidus of this metasedimentary rock, and ii) during anatexis via biotite dehydration melting at increasing temperature, respectively. While partial melting at the bottom of the migmatitic sequence likely started in the presence of an aqueous fluid phase, MI data support the fluid-absent character of the melting event in mylonites. Anatectic MI should therefore be considered as a new and important opportunity to understand the partial melting processes.


This paper considers structure learning from data with <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> samples of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variables, assuming that the structure is a forest, using the Chow–Liu algorithm. Specifically, for incomplete data, we construct two model selection algorithms that complete in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$O(p^{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> steps: one obtains a forest with the maximum posterior probability given the data and the other obtains a forest that converges to the true one as <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> increases. We show that the two forests are generally different when some values are missing. In addition, we present estimations for benchmark data sets to demonstrate that both algorithms work in realistic situations. Moreover, we derive the conditional entropy provided that no value is missing, and we evaluate the per-sample expected redundancy for the universal coding of incomplete data in terms of the number of non-missing samples.


This book presents quantitative and qualitative data from the first-ever national study of international Catholic sisters in the United States, the Trinity Washington University/CARA Study. International sisters are defined as those born outside the United States and currently ministering, studying, or in residence in this country. The book begins with a chapter that locates current international sisters in the long line of sisters who have come to this country since the eighteenth century. The book identifies the sisters of today, describes the pathways they used to come here, their levels of satisfaction, their concerns and contributions, the issue of immigration status, the challenges of sister students, and the role and mission of Catholic organizations assisting immigrants in general, and international sisters in particular. The book ends with implications of the research and recommendations regarding resources, ministries, and structures of support for international sisters.


Introduction. A series of experiments involving 3 dental schools has shown that distance learning can be acceptable to residents and effective in teaching concepts that are fundamental to orthodontic practice. Methods. Residents in each dental school participated in seminars, clinical conferences and clinical seminars via high-speed Internet connections. The acceptability of this form of instruction was judged from evaluation forms completed by the residents. In addition, its effectiveness in producing learning gains was judged from preand post-tests on the seminar topics. Results. The improvement from preto post-test scores after observing a sequence of distance seminars was similar to direct instruction. Orthodontic residents rated the educational experiences very positively. While live participation in seminars via video conferencing was preferred to live observation without real-time interaction and to later observation of a recording, each approach provided similar improvement in test scores. Conclusions. The acceptability of the distance seminars appeared to be influenced by the instructor's personality and teaching style in facilitating interaction, the seminar subject, the residents' comfort level in dealing with this technology, and the sequence for interaction vs observation. Further development of recorded seminars with live follow-up discussions has the potential to supplement distance learning instruction in a cost-effective manner.


For engineers who aim to address sustainability challenges, participating in transdisciplinary teams is key. Yet developing transdisciplinary knowledge, including systems thinking, metacognition, and empathic thinking, is not well supported in traditional engineering programs.


Optical instability is observed in an optoelectronic bistable circuit having two feedback signals with different time constants. Steady optical square-wave pulses have been obtained. The experimental results are helpful to the understanding of dynamic process in hybrid optical bistable devices.


Video popularity (measured by view count) over time is an essential reference for both online video providers and users. According to state-of-the-art works, video popularity is useful for system optimization, load generation, video caching, and video recommendation. Thus, deeper understanding of video popularity evolution is very helpful for improving video service quality and providers' operating efficiency. The core question to be explored in this paper is what key factors govern online video popularity evolution? Through collaboration with our industry partner, Tencent Video, we obtain historical data of video view counts over a period of time, and observe their patterns. We then propose a stochastic fluid model, named as EvoModel, which captures two processes giving rise to different evolution patterns of a given video: (a) the information spreading process and (b) the user reaction process. The driving forces for process (a) can be either via recommendation from the system directly, or word-of-mouth; the extent of the spread is governed by the intrinsic popularity of the video. The factor affecting the second process can be modeled by a user reaction rate. These processes together determine different video popularity evolution patterns. We validate our model by fitting the historical data obtained from a real-world system. Furthermore, we discuss the feasibility of estimating model parameters and predicting popularity.


Software project planner (SPP) is NP-hard problem faced by project manager in software industry.SPP is the problem of employee and task scheduling which is important and challenging part of industry. It is NP-hard because there is increasing number of task and employee. For solving NP-hard problems only few algorithms are available but the output is not satisfactory. To solve SPP one meta-heuristic technique is used i.e. Ant Colony Optimization. ACO contains heuristic and pheromone values. Heuristic is calculated with the help of previous available solution, dependency of tasks, employee and efforts. There are six heuristic techniques are available from that we use allocation and dedication to solve our SPP problem. As compared to other genetic algorithms meta-heuristic provide more accuracy.


In this paper, we are intending to investigate the shock ignition approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) by using an ion beam driver to examine energy gain performance in reactor-size targets filled by cryogenic deuterium-tritium hydrogen isotopes. Here, pressure dynamics across the fuel layer affected by ignition beam parameters have been analyzed by using the DEIRA-4 simulation code, for the two targets that we chose for the case study. By choosing the proper pulse shaping and evaluation of finding the appropriate time and position of the inter-collision time between two compression and ignition pulses, it has been found that shock ignition can create the pressure more than 104 Gbar at the fuel center and therefore increase gain by 18% and 25% for Case 1 and Case 2, respectively. Ionic shock ignition can also decrease the ignition threshold; hence, it causes 19% reduction for Case 1 and 39% reduction for Case 2 of the internal beam energy. It has been shown that besides the lower implosion velocities relative to traditional central ignition, which are now maintained, the fuel pressure at stagnation becomes much higher than it is. In addition, the stable stagnation stage, ignition condition, and high-energy gain are achieved when the optimum configuration of the ignition beam has been derived. Our results show that we can attain pressures level of 200 Gbar < P < 500 Gbar and implosion velocities of 170 km s−1 < Uimp < 291 km s−1 which are in agreement with laser-driven shock ignition alternatives. The pressure range is more than the Standard ICF, laser-driven shock ignition, and impact fast ignition (IFI), and the implosion velocity range is less than Standard ICF and IFI.In this paper, we are intending to investigate the shock ignition approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) by using an ion beam driver to examine energy gain performance in reactor-size targets filled by cryogenic deuterium-tritium hydrogen isotopes. Here, pressure dynamics across the fuel layer affected by ignition beam parameters have been analyzed by using the DEIRA-4 simulation code, for the two targets that we chose for the case study. By choosing the proper pulse shaping and evaluation of finding the appropriate time and position of the inter-collision time between two compression and ignition pulses, it has been found that shock ignition can create the pressure more than 104 Gbar at the fuel center and therefore increase gain by 18% and 25% for Case 1 and Case 2, respectively. Ionic shock ignition can also decrease the ignition threshold; hence, it causes 19% reduction for Case 1 and 39% reduction for Case 2 of the internal beam energy. It has been shown that besides the lower implosion veloci...


This article analyses responses to alcohol within the Presbyterian Church in New Zealand over the long period from early European settlement to the present. It focuses on attitudes to alcohol as a moral, political and religious question, especially in relation to Presbyterian policies and practices, and the Church's role in alcohol campaigning. The article traces the rise of restrictive attitudes and campaigning in the nineteenth-century Church, and subsequent liberalization during the last decades of the twentieth century. The latter more recent period has received curiously little attention in analyses of the social history of alcohol, but has nevertheless been marked by significant transformations. This article argues that the most significant changes in Presbyterian attitudes and behaviour were closely tied to evangelical projects of Christianization. Nineteenth century evangelical activism led to a close alignment between restrictive attitudes towards alcohol and the "conversion" and moralizing of society, as well as the rise of temperance as a kind of mediating religious form. For a variety of reasons, such notions waned in popularity. By the twenty-first century, consumption not only became more acceptable but was also increasingly advocated as a means to promote Christianization.


In medical research, being able to justify decisions is generally as important as taking the right ones. Interpretability is then one of the chief characteristics a learning algorithm must have, in order to be successfully applied to a medical data set. Other important features are seamless treatment of different data types, and ability to cope well with missing values. XCS and decision trees both appear to have this desirable characteristics; we compared them on a data set regarding Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This kind of oral cancer already been found to be associated with smoking and alcohol drinking habits. However the individual risk could be modified by genetic polymorphisms of enzymes involved in the metabolism of tobacco carcinogens and in the DNA repair mechanisms. To study this relationship, the data set comprised demographic and life-style (age, gender, smoke and alcohol), and genetic data (the individual genotype of 11 polymorphic genes), with the information on 124 HNSCC patients and 231 healthy controls. Results with both algorithms are presented and analyzed.


Atomic absorption spectrophotometry has been used to monitor the rate of oxygen atom formation behind shock waves in oxygen-argon mixtures. These observations were made by observing the t ime-history of absorption at the oxygen atom triplet near 1300 A. The atomic absorption coefficients were determined experimentally in the shock tube. These observations lead to an oxygen-argon dissociation rate f iven by L A r = 1.85(+ 14%) x 10"T0'5exp (-95, 700/RT) cm3 mole' secover the temperature range 2850°K to 5550°K. In addition this technique is shown to provide a powerful method for examining the vibration-dissociation coupling region. Measurements of the induction t ime for a s teady-state a tom formation ra te to be es tabl ished were obtained in the temperature range 2850°K to 5000°K. These measurements are compared with previously published experimental and theoretical induction times for dissociation in oxygen-argon mixtures. A. 16 Atom Formation Rates behind Shock Waves in Oxygen, w. s. Watt and A. L. Myerson, J. Chem. Phys. (to be published). Abstract as in A. 15 above.


The increasing penetration of distributed generations (DGs) has brought huge challenges to distribution networks operation, such as reverse power flow and overvoltage. Under this background, an optimal active and reactive power dispatch (OARPD) method is proposed in this paper. Considering the three-phase unbalance property, the bus injected model (BIM) of power flow is established while a novel high precision linearized method is proposed. Based on the linearized power flow model, the multi-objective OARPD model which aims to minimize networks losses while maximize the absorption of renewable energy is constructed. Moreover, to ensure the system safe operation and ameliorate the adverse effects caused by single-phase integration of DG, a novel voltage unbalance constraint is established. Finally, examples have been used to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed method.


Aims: Penile cancer is an uncommon malignancy in Western countries. There are known premalignant lesions that can progress to invasive penile cancer, namely carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the glans. Treatment options for this disease include topical chemotherapy and laser ablation, but the published literature demonstrates limited efficacy for these approaches. Surgical techniques with penile-preserving approaches are performed with the goal of removing the entire tumor and preserving as much of penis as possible. There are no large, randomized studies comparing treatment options for these lesions, and reports concerning the surgical approaches are scarce. Presentation of Case: In this study, we present a case report of a patient with CIS of the glans penis surgically treated with glans resurfacing. Discussion and Conclusions: There were no complications during follow-up, and after 20 months, the patient has no evidence of disease recurrence, has preserved urinary and erectile functions and is currently satisfied with the cosmetic appearance. Case Study Catarino et al.; JCTI, 9(4): 1-5, 2019; Article no.JCTI.53210 2 CIS treatment with glans resurfacing allows the maintenance penile length and function with a good aesthetic result without compromising oncologic control. This approach also allows an accurate staging of the disease and assessment of the treatment efficacy.


To investigate knowledge of obstetric and newborn care guidelines among midwives and nurses in Indonesia, whether knowledge differs between health centers (puskesmas) and hospitals, and factors associated with knowledge.


People are sensitive to attractive, memorable experiences. That is why product designer who creates innovative product is looking for ways to offer strong positive emotional experience. This research aims to study some features of attractive emotional experience. Firstly, one part of this research which will help to understand emotional perception of their user, and the other part of this research will be the groundwork of study on the attractive requirements of emotional experience. An explorative, qualitative methodology was chosen, including exploration of emotional experiences and user observation and focus group discussion session with user. It was founded that there are many different kinds of strong positive emotional experience with KANO model, depending on attractive qualities of the person and context, design of product and this strong positive emotional experience happens when these attractive requirements match. The authors recommend further research into a common language of emotional interactionand research into all product design segmentation.


The solid solutions of the Al2(WO4)3−Sc2(WO4)3−Lu2(WO4)3 series which hold the Sc2(WO4)3-type structure were prepared and their ionic conducting characteristics were investigated. The maximum electrical conductivity was obtained for the solid solution of (Al2(WO4)3)0.1−((Sc0.5Lu0.5)2(WO4)3)0.9. By the measurements of the electrical conductivity dependencies on oxygen pressure and the polarization analyses, the mobile species in the solid solution was found to be only ionic and also oxide anion was eliminated from the candidates of the conducting ion species. Among the cation species in the solid solution, the mobile ion was demonstrated to be only Al3+ ion and the rest of the cations such as Sc3+, Lu3+, and W6+ functioned as lattice-forming ions with oxide anion from the electrolysis experiments. Here, the highest Al3+ ion conduction was obtained in the Sc2(WO4)3-type structure and the optimal lattice size for the Al3+ ion migration in the Sc2(WO4)3-type structure was identified.


PURPOSE
To describe the ophthalmoscopic, in-vivo imaging, fluorescein angiography, and therapeutic photocoagulation outcome in a case of bilateral optic nerve colobomas associated with focal unilateral retinal detachment in a dog.

METHODS
Pretraining eye examination of a 1.6-year-old female German shepherd service dog showed a focal juxta-papillary bullous retinal separation in the right eye. In vivo imaging and angiography were performed under general anesthesia using optical coherence tomography. Nonoverlapping diode laser burns were applied through an operating microscope adapter to selected areas along the leading margins of the detachment.

RESULTS
The funduscopic examination and in-vivo imaging revealed bilateral optic nerve colobomas associated with a focal bullous detachment in the right eye. Fluorescein angiography showed absence of blood vessel leakage and absence of staining inside of the retinal elevation. Photocoagulation induced immediate changes in retinal layer reflectivity. Three months post-photocoagulation, the retinal detachment had improved and scarring of the burns was visible. One and two years post-procedure, the retinal detachment resolved.

CONCLUSIONS
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging provides a detailed analysis of the retinal abnormalities associated with the clinical lesion. Laser retinopexy is a valid therapeutic option to limit the extension of the detachment.


The treatment and management of low back pain is complex when there is no specific etiology such as cancer, fracture, or herniated disc. An organized approach to management that follows evidence based guidelines will facilitate care in a problem that reflects a lifetime prevalence of over 70 percent. The purpose of this review is to present a guideline to care for a common disabling process with a very heterogeneous etiology.


RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES
Hepatic embolization combined with intra-arterial administration of cytostatic drugs (chemoembolization) is frequently used to treat primary and metastatic cancers to the liver. Quantitative phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P MRS) was used to assess the metabolic state of hepatic cancers and their metabolic response to chemoembolization.

METHODS
Fifteen localized 31P MRS studies were performed on five patients with liver tumors. Thirteen healthy volunteers served as controls. Metabolite ratios and molar metabolite concentrations were calculated.

RESULTS
Untreated hepatic tumors, relative to normal controls, showed elevated phosphomonoester/adenosine triphosphate (PME/ATP) ratios, reduced concentrations of ATP and inorganic phosphate (Pi), and normal phosphodiester (PDE) concentrations. As an acute response to chemoembolization, ATP, PME, and/or PDE concentrations diminished, whereas Pi concentrations increased or stayed relatively constant. Long-term follow-up after chemoembolization showed decreased PME/ATP and increased ATP concentrations in the absence of changes on standard magnetic resonance and computed tomographic images.

CONCLUSIONS
These preliminary spectroscopic data suggest that quantitative 31P MRS can be successfully used to monitor directly metabolic response to hepatic chemoembolization.


Capital Markets are the important source of fund generation for Corporate. Various instruments have been used by the corporation for the same, most popular of these being Equity Public Issues, Rights Issue, Qualified Institutional Placements, Corporate Bonds Public Issues and Private placement of Corporate Bonds. But the biggest change in traditional trends of fund generation can be seen with the introduction of Non-convertible Debentures since 2008. The public issues of NCD's have clearly replaced Public issues of Equity. Further, it has been a significant contributor in overall fund generation as well, increasing the overall resources mobilized by the corporation. The Introduction of Non-Convertible Debentures in the Capital market have been a significant reform, which has shown its effects in the last few years. The Instrument has become the most favorite instrument of the Corporation for Fund Generation through Public Issues replacing Equity issues. Equity was the most preferred source till 2003-2004 with nearly 25% contribution in overall Fund Generation. But since 2008, after the introduction of NCD's there has been a gradual replacement and in the year 2013-14 the NCD's have contributed nearly 25% in overall Fund generation with Equity is contributing just 2% including Private Issues. When it comes to fund generation only through Public Issues, Corporate Bonds have crossed 90% out of Total funds generated through Public Issues.


Purpose – This paper aims to discuss a service user perspective of factors that influence engagement in therapeutic group‐work within a high secure hospital environment.Design/methodology/approach – An opportunistic sample of 11 male service users were interviewed, using a semi‐structured protocol. This was underpinned by social and psychological factors highlighted within the literature, and concepts drawn from the Health Belief Model (HBM). In accordance with service‐user led initiatives, interview questions were open‐ended, designed to invite and encourage exploration of themes through general discussion. Research findings were analysed through an interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach to identify emergent themes of apparent influence. Themes were identified, and were categorised into emergent themes and related sub themes. Emergent themes were then considered in relation to the theories and concepts that underpinned and connected them.Findings – It was found that the most substantial ...


The Variable Frequency Drive(VFD) based speed control of three phase induction motor using PLC(Programmable Logic Controller) and SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisation system) involves a sugar plant. The sugar plant contains various stages involved in the production of sugar starting from the inflow of sugarcane into the crushing machine. The speed of the sugarcane crushing machine depends on the amount of sugarcane flowing into the machine. When the conveyor which supplies the sugarcane increases its speed then the load on the machine increases automatically.
Now-a-days in sugar plant, if heavy load enters into the crushing machine it cannot crush properly. So the wastage is increased and production rate will be reduced. To overcome this problem, we are going to implement the VFD based speed control of 3 phase induction motor. The whole unit is controlled by PLC and monitored by SCADA.


Summary
Dragonfly assemblages (Odonata: comprising damselflies, Zygoptera; and dragonflies, Anisoptera) in Southeast Asian rainforests are extremely diverse but increasingly threatened by habitat disturbance, including logging and conversion of forest to oil palm plantations.
Land-use change can affect dragonfly larval stages by altering within-stream environmental conditions, and adults by loss of perches, shade and hunting habitat. However, the extent to which dragonflies are affected by land-use change is not well known, and strategies for conservation are poorly developed.
We surveyed dragonfly adults and larvae, forest quality and stream environmental conditions across 16 streams in Sabah, Malaysia. Habitat surrounding the streams included pristine forest, selectively logged forest, oil palm with forested riparian buffer strips and oil palm without buffers.
Overall abundance and species richness of adult dragonflies stayed constant with habitat disturbance, but larval abundance and richness decreased with higher habitat disturbance, and larvae were largely absent from oil palm streams. There was also a clear shift in community composition of both adult and larval dragonflies. Anisoptera adults were more species rich and abundant, but Zygoptera adults were less species rich in more disturbed sites.
The presence of riparian buffers in oil palm plantations offered some protection for forest-associated dragonfly species, and streams with wider riparian buffers supported adult assemblages more similar to those found in logged forest. However, oil palm streams with riparian buffers still contained a depauperate larval assemblage compared to logged forest areas, and dragonfly assemblages in narrow riparian buffer streams were similar to those found in streams surrounded by continuous oil palm.
Our results provide clear evidence of the effect of land-use change on dragonflies. Conservation efforts to conserve forest communities should target the preservation of existing forest areas, but management within oil palm plantation landscapes to preserve riparian buffers can still have a marked beneficial effect on dragonfly communities.


This research aims to find out the fumigation process (local: roa fish)and the added value of fumigation processing, and knowing the marketing channels for roa fish in Buajangka village, South Bungku District of Morowali regency in Central Sulawesi Province. Data collection in this research was carried out by census method to all people who conduct fumigation of smoked-baffled fish (roa fish) in Buajangka Village. The data were analysis through qualitative and quantitative descriptive approaches. The research results show that technically, the fumigation process for roa fish starts from receiving raw materials, washing, transporting, clamping and fixing clips, structuring, fumigation process, and packaging or packing. The added value generated from the cocoa fumigation business in Buajangka Village, South Bungku District in per bunch of roa fish is Rp. 6,082. The added value generated from the cocoa fumigation business in the study area was relative low with a value added ratio> 50% (40.54%). While the marketing channel of Roa's fish fumigation business sells smoked roa fish products directly to consumers and collectors who come from outside the region such as Kendari, Bungku Tengah, Tentena, Poso and Palu who come directly to the place of roa fumigation.


Despite the theoretical importance of internet-based assessment, there is a paucity of experimental research into it. The present study, as an experimental study, is an attempt to compare internet-based and paper-based assessment of listening comprehension for secondary students. In so doing, 36 male students who were studying English language at a secondary school in Tehran participated in this study. The students were divided into two groups: one control group which was exposed to paper-based assessment and one experimental group which was exposed to internet-based assessment developed by the researchers providing the students with the listening quizzes and tests and guidelines including assessment techniques such as leading questions and hints. Following the treatment which lasted for fifteen sessions, the results of the one-way ANCOVA confirmed that there was a significant difference between the two groups on post-test scores on the listening test. Indeed, internet-based group outperformed paper-based group in their listening scores. Having examined the significant difference bet ween the students' scores in internet-based assessment obtained from Time 1, Time 2 and Time 3, as measured by the ANOVA, the results indicated that there were statistically significant differences at the p <.05 level in students' scores for the three sets of scores.


The addition reaction of the N-MEM-ketolactam derivative of [60]fullerene with phenyl, p-Br-phenyl, and p-MeO-phenyl hydrazines proceeds regioselectively, affording three open-cage fullerene derivatives bearing a 15-membered-ring orifice on the fullerene cage. Both experimental data and theoretical calculations were utilized for the structure determination of the new [60]fullerene adducts.


Expectancy models have related individual work values and the availability of desired rewards in different occupations to occupational preferences, while self-efficacy models have stressed personal perceptions of individual capacities to perform in different occupations to occupational preferences. This study demonstrates support for both models, and indicates that these models have separate and independent relationships to occupational preference. Further analysis supports the contention that the perceptions of self-efficacy may be an important factor in explaining sex differences in occupational preferences.


Tensile tests for nickel saving austenitic stainless steels with different Cu contents were performed at high temperatures by Gleeble-3800 thermo-mechanical simulator,and the microstructure near the tensile fracture and the thermoplasticity were analyzed and studied.The results show that the thermoplasticity of the austenitic stainless steels were fairly good during 1 150-1 250 ℃.With the increase of Cu content,the thermoplasticity of austenitic stainless steels decreased.The content and shape of ferrite had a great impact on the thermoplasticity of the steels.The increase of ferrite content and network ferrite made the thermoplasticity decreased significantly.


Anisotropic plasma hydrodynamics makes use of two heat fluxes representing the transfer of field‐aligned and transverse (with respect to the external magnetic field) energies to describe thermal energy transfer. This is a considerably more complex treatment than isotropic plasma hydrodynamics in which only one heat flux component is considered. The present work analyzes the heat flux structure within the framework of anisotropic hydrodynamics and examines the effect of the anisotropic heat fluxes on the thermal plasma distribution both in the ionosphere and in the magnetically connected plasmasphere. The dependence of heat conductivities on the anisotropy parameter a = T⊥/T‖ is studied (T⊥ and T‖ are transverse and field‐aligned temperatures, respectively). The heat conductivities increase with field‐aligned temperature (with decreasing value of a), thereby enhancing the thermal energy transfer. The analytical solution obtained for the heat conduction equation is used to examine the effect of the electron energy distribution anisotropy on the electron temperature in the plasmasphere. The dependence of heat conductivity on the parameter a has been shown to result in a variation of electron temperature compared with the isotropic case (a=l). The calculated plasmaspheric temperature values rise when a>1 and fall when a<1. The strongest effect of the temperature anisotropy on the derived value of the electron temperature occurs at high altitudes along a flux tube in the vicinity of the equatorial plane. Predictions of this simplified analytical model are compared to observations of temperature anisotropies in the ionosphere. Basic agreement in the magnitude and sense of the electron temperature anisotropy between the model and observations is found.


JP Steel Plantech Co. (hereinafter referred to as "SPCO") has developed "ECOARC", a high efficiency EAF that represents the most advanced and proven energy recovery and environmentally conscious technology in the industry. ECOARC uses high temperature exhaust gas in a chamber attached directly to the furnace to preheat scrap and treatment technology to remove unwanted chemicals from the waste gas. Already four (4) ECOARCs are in operation as a commercial EAF in Japan and Republic of Korea and achieved approx. 30 % reduction of energy. The 5 ECOARC is in Thailand and targets approx. 30% reduction of energy.


Multi-Scale and U-shaped Networks are widely used in various image restoration problems, including deblurring. Keeping in mind the wide range of applications, we present a comparison of these architectures and their effects on image deblurring. We also introduce a new block called as NFResblock. It consists of a Fast Fourier Transformation layer and a series of modified Non-Linear Activation Free Blocks. Based on these architectures and additions, we introduce NFResnet and NFResnet+, which are modified multi-scale and U-Net architectures, respectively. We also use three different loss functions to train these architectures: Charbonnier Loss, Edge Loss, and Frequency Reconstruction Loss. Extensive experiments on the Deep Video Deblurring dataset, along with ablation studies for each component, have been presented in this paper. The proposed architectures achieve a considerable increase in Peak Signal to Noise (PSNR) ratio and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) value.


Reproducible evaluation of immune infiltration parameters is needed for the development of reliable biomarkers in the era of cancer immunotherapy. This study investigated inter-observer reproducibility when evaluating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), PD-1 and PD-L1 positivity on immunohistochemically-stained (IHC) breast cancer (BC) tissues, including detailed analysis of spatial positioning in the tumor microenvironment and expression on individual positive cells. Retrospectively collected archival BC samples (N=441) were dual IHC-stained for CD3 (pan T cells) plus CD20 (pan B cells) for TIL and TLS assessment with a consecutive tissue section dual-IHC stained for PD-1 and PD-L1. The 882 tissue sections were independently read by two immuno-pathologists blinded to the clinical data for specific studies between 2014 and 2017. Five independent study series were used for the current analysis: 1) samples of BC relapses, 2) residual disease in breast after neodjuvant treatment, and 3) three independent series of untreated primary tumors. Intraclass correlation coefficients for evaluations are shown in the table below: Cohen9s κ coefficients reveal poor agreement (κ 1%). Sporadically, fair agreement (κ>0.4) was observed for PD-L1 expressed by immune and tumor cells. Globally, the inter-observer agreement remained constant overtime. Poor reproducibility for categorical global PD-1 and global PD-L1 assessment was observed. On the contrary, pathologists have excellent reproducibility for assessing global TIL and TLS, good/excellent reproducibility for PD-1 in TLS (primary tumors) and for PD-L1 expression on tumor cells which make these of great interest for clinical use. Citation Format: Cinzia Solinas, Gert Van den Eynden, Alexandre De Wind, Francois Richard, Anais Boisson, Soizic Garaud, Karen Willard-Gallo. Reliability of immune biomarker assessment in breast cancer: A report on interobserver variability from studies at a single institution [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1624.


This research is intended to determine customer perception of odd prices and even prices rom Motorola Razr V3 product. In a comparison from discount prices, perceived gain and low prices image, about prices ending odd and even prices from Motorola Razr V3 product. After it's analyzed by using comparison analysis between the two averages by using the test T. It's required the significant result means of prices ending in odd prices is lower than even prices. The company can be used odd prices in their marketing, because in Indonesian customers perceptions of odd prices saw lower prices iamge.


Because ownership and leadership transitions can potentially disrupt a business' commitment to stakeholder interests and performance, understanding the succession intentions and behaviors of socially responsible businesses is important. We present an exploratory analysis of the relationship between engagement in social responsibility and succession planning in a sample of 14 CEOs of small and medium Vermont businesses. When socially responsible values are explicitly incorporated in succession planning, we denote this as socially responsible succession planning. Our qualitative analysis provides insight to the influence of leaders' roles and values on businesses' socially responsible conduct, succession planning and a particular type of succession planning, socially responsible succession planning. Implications for future research and management practice are discussed.


Using UWB for wireless short range, low rate communication is attracting growing interest due to its low power consumption and very high bandwidth. Regarding these qualities, it is comprehensible that there is an interest in the automation industry to use ultra wideband based wireless sensor nodes to replace wired systems, to save energy and to save costs without reducing the reliability of the whole system. Furthermore UWB has the ability to provide ranging information. For this reason synchronization performance of the standard IEEE.802.15.4a were investigated in order to reduce synchronization time and to allow ranging, bidirectional and multiple communication at the same time.


With the decline in childbearing desires and ideals, the demand for long acting and permanent contraceptive methods (LAPCMs) increases. This paper aims to estimate the prevalence of and demand for LAPCMs, and explain ethnic differences in the demand for LAPCMs among Kurd and Turk married women aged 15-49 in Urmia, Iran. Data  were taken  from  the Urmia Fertility  Survey (UFS), conducted  in  a sample  of 770 households  in May-Jun  2014. The results show a greater contraceptive prevalence rate among Turks than Kurds (91.5% vs. 82.1%). The prevalence of LAPCMs is higher among Turkish than Kurdish women (45.7% vs. 20.8%), and the demand of these methods are also higher among Turks than Kurds (82% vs. 57%). Multivariate analysis showed that ethnicity along with demographic characteristics plays an important role in predicting the likelihood of the demand for LAPCMs. The gap between the use and demand are considerable in both ethnic groups and differences are significant statistically. Failure to meet this demand can lead to an increase to unwanted pregnancies and clandestine induced abortions among Kurdish and Turkish women.


Stress in diabetic patients creates a serious issue with disease severity. Stress can significantly impact an individual's physical, psychological, intellectual, social, and spiritual. In addition, stress becomes a threat to the physiological imbalance. By considering the magnitude consequences of stress on diabetic patients, it is necessary to find a way to manage stress. The research aimed to determine the relationship between spirituality and stress levels in diabetic patients. The correlational design was used and conducted at the Dinoyo Public Health Center using an accidental sampling technique. The number of respondents in this study was 150 diabetic patients, and the sample of the study was calculated using the G*Power application. The questionnaires used to collect data were Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality and Perceived Stress Scale-10. The data was statistically tested using Spearman Rho. The results showed a p-value or significant value (0.000) less than α (0.05), which means there was a relationship between spirituality and stress levels in diabetic patients. In conclusion, the diabetes patients showed a high level of spirituality within low-stress levels on average.


Twenty highly myopic children (> or = -6.0 D) were treated with 0.5% atropine eyedrops once per night. Twelve subjects were initially treated with a short-acting cycloplegic agent, tropicamide (0.5%) (Group A), and the other eight subjects did not receive any myopic therapy before atropine (Group B). These cases were followed for up to five years. In Group A, the mean myopic progression rate after 0.5% atropine treatment was -0.01 +/- 0.04 D/M (Diopter/Month), which was significantly lower than that of the period during tropicamide treatment (-0.12 +/- 0.09 D/M) (p < 0.05). In Group B, the mean myopic progression rate after atropine therapy was begun was -0.04 +/- 0.06 D/M, which was also significantly slower than that of non-medication, -0.14 +/- 0.07 D/M (p < 0.05). The results suggested that 0.5% atropine is effective for slowing down myopic progression, even in highly myopic children.


COUPLING NATURE AND WOMEN: A QUEER ECOFEMINIST READING OF DEEPA MEHTA'S FIRE Ashly Paul MA English, Central University of Kerala. firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: This paper analyses globally acclaimed film director, Deepa Mehta's movie Fire (1996) through the perspective of Queer Ecofeminism. Queer ecofeminism integrates queer theory and ecofeminism to deconstruct the normative dualisms to assure identity to every human being as well as nature. The paper examines the female protagonists of the movie, the oppression they faced and the mode of resistance put forth by them keeping in contact with the accompaniment of nature in their lives. The interconnectedness of women with nature and sexuality is given focus in the paper.


Background:
Epilepsy is a common but usually stigmatized disease due to its presentation therefore; the awareness of care givers regarding epilepsy is crucial for better management and upbringing of child. This study aims to assess the degree of apprehension among special educators, as epilepsy is more prevalent in special children.
Method:
A cross-sectional study using questionnaire, based on interviews by 56 participants from numerous special schools of Karachi was conducted.
Results:
All special educators knew about epilepsy through their relevant courses. 85.7% of them dealt with the epileptic person directly during their practice. They explained epileptic attack as period of seizure (71.5%), period of loss of consciousness (64.3%), and memory loss (35.7%). 57.1% perceived causes of epilepsy to be inherited, as oxygen deficiency during birth46.4%, as birth defect46.4%, stroke 42.9% and 39.3% believe brain tumor can be the cause. Perceived triggers were (71.4%) emotional disturbance, (67.9%) stress, (53.6%) sleep deprivation and (60%) skipping medicine. Unfortunately, 7% of them consider epilepsy as contagious disease. 11% thinks epilepsy is some kind of spiritual possession or black magic. 30% stated that epileptics should be treated by Hakims while 25% believes quacks can cure it.
Conclusion:
Overall knowledge was adequate and attitude was positive toward epileptic children. Favorably, 70 to 80% of them supported the idea that people with epilepsy can get good education and take up a job and even can marry and have family life.


Halogen-free flame-retardant trademark paper comprises a laminated surface material layer and release lining paper, wherein a layer of adhesive layer is arranged between the release lining paper and the surface material layer; the halogen-free flame-retardant trademark paper is characterized in that a flame-retardant coating layer is arranged on one surface of the surface material layer rather than the adhesive layer, and the adhesive layer adopts flame-retardant adhesive layer. The halogen-free flame-retardant trademark paper has the benefits that the flame-retardant coating layer and the flame-retardant adhesive layer coated on the back side can all enhance the flame-retardant coefficient of a trademark, improve the reliability of products applied to electronic goods, and realize halogen-free, therefore the safe nontoxicity of trademark paper is realized.


As universities in the United States shore up falling revenue by increasing their numbers of international students, especially students from China, Vanessa L. Fong's study of Chinese students who study abroad could not be more timely. Paradise Redefined not only examines the societal factors that are pushing more and more Chinese students to study outside of China but also provides a much-needed followup, looking into whether the expectations of Chinese students abroad are met. Increasingly, Fong finds Chinese students do not benefit as they expected from their studies abroad. Fong's study, which involved surveys and interviews of students from Dalian in northeastern China, dovetails with the increase in Chinese students in general who are studying abroad, and the mixed reactions of these students could have broader implications for universities around the world. Fong assumed in the late 1990s, when she first began her study of 2,273 students, that most of them would not and could not study abroad despite the fact that the vast majority expressed a desire to do so. Back when she first encountered them as their English teacher in 1999, 87% had no computer at home and 18% of their families had no phone. Their limited access to the world outside China suggested that her students' ambitions to study abroad would not be fulfilled. Yet in 2010, when she resurveyed the original group, 20% had gone abroad to study and an additional 11% had gone overseas to travel or work. These numbers reflect a broader trend in higher educational aspirations in China, which is the largest single source of transnational students in the world. For example, 179,800 Chinese citizens went to study abroad in 2008 alone.


Native mammals, birds, reptiles and frogs kept as pets become displaced after they are unwanted, escaped or seized. The Office of Environment and Heritage manages the rehoming of displaced native a...


. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has forced professors to review the traditional methodologies used with students to enable learning to progress. Collaborative learning organizes students into working groups to learn in a joint and coordinated way, allowing them to deepen their own learning as well as that of the other members of the group by helping each other. This working metod has been applied for several years in our subjects, but has had to be restructured due to the impossibility of going to the centres. These new learning strategies used is detailed below based on achieving optimal results in final evaluations and analyzing the results through a completely anonymous satisfaction survey of students of the Degree in Veterinary Medicine. The used methodologies also permit students with hearing disabilities to have access from beyond the classroom, through the use of streaming videos where it is possible to explain with no mask. In addition, it is possible to use subtitles to highlight the most important ideas when the image requires it. This will facilitate the teaching of presential-based subjects, in which lectures are traditionally the main part of the theoretical hours.


The goal of this research is the localization of hydroquinone (HQ) to the epidermis for the treatment of hyperpigmentation in rat skin. For this purpose, nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) was selected for the dermal delivery of HQ. A 23 factorial design was used in this study, and eight NLCs were prepared with a cold homogenization technique. HQ entrapment efficiency (EE %), particle size, morphology, thermal behavior of NLCs, and permeability parameters through rat skin with NLC in comparison with HQ aqueous solution (HQ-S) with Franz diffusion cells were evaluated. Based on the optimization technique, the best NLC was selected and in the in vivo experiment, the depigmentation effect of optimized NLC in comparison with that of HQ-S was evaluated. The results showed that the main problem for HQ permeability was fast permeation and low concentration in the site of action. Partitioning from aqueous donor phase into skin rate was the limiting step for drug flux, and this can be solved using NLC. The decrease in maximum flux obtained by NLC was according to formulation 8. Regression analysis suggested a significant and direct effect of the S/L ratio and the percentage of liquid lipids on the drug loading. NLC decreased drug permeation through rat skin basically due to sustained release properties.


The peak of Imam Junaid's Sufism is monotheism. One of the efforts to achieve this is the attitude of wara' by always emphasizing on self-awareness so as not to neglect the purpose of the search. This study uses a qualitative approach with data sources obtained from books, books and journals that examine wara', especially the views of Imam Junaid al-Baghdadi which aims to determineanalyze the teachings of al-Junaid aboutwara' in all aspects of life in order to avoid behaviors that can distance themselves from Allah Swt. This is needed because every individual Muslim should continue to protect himself from bad things and not fall into it. The results showed that wara'in the view of Al-Junaid has a close correlation with the intensity of one's awareness in controlling one's behavior in order to avoid things that can distance oneself from Allah Swt. It develops as far as the knowledge possessed, so that the more mature the knowledge and the intense in applying it, the higher the degree of one's sanity. So it can be concluded that wara' is based on awareness and knowledge to be aware of the behavior of the limbs from temptations that come from outside themselves.


Objective To study the expression of CD4,CD8,PD-1 and PD-L1 in liver tissues of patients with acute or chronic liver failure(ACLF) due to HBV infection.Methods Liver tissue samples were taken from 10 patients with ACLF due to HBV infection and stained with immunohistochemistry.Ten patients with liver cirrhosis(LC) served as a LC group,and 6 healthy individuals served as a control group.Expression of CD4,CD8,PD-1 and PD-L1 in different liver tissue samples was detected with immunohistochemical staining.Results The expression level of CD4,CD8,PD-1 and PD-L1 was significantly lower in control group than in patients with ACLF due to HBV infection and in LC group(P0.05).Conclusion Elevated PD-1/PD-L1 expression level is related with the exacerbated ACLF due to HBV infection.


ABSTRACT In diachronic linguistics, the Naturalness Theory purports to unravel the seemingly random distribution of linguistic variants at the early stage of their assertion, when no other tangible functional, contextual or pragmatic motivation exists. The paper presents the results of three empirical studies, which confirm that the complexity of grammatical environment is instrumental in the choice between elective morphosyntactic constructions. Special attention is paid to the relevance of traditional grammatical parameters in defining grammatical environment as complex. 1. Introduction The subsequent paper is a review and a follow-up of a number of empirical studies (Trobevsek, 1990, 1994, 1999) into the use of selected pairs of morphosyntactic constructions in Old English and in present-day English texts, reexamining the parameters of their interaction with the immediate grammatical environment. The basic postulates of the research derive from the Theory of Naturalness in linguistics, which posits that, in addition to functional and pragmatic motivation, the assertion and subsequent expansion of linguistic variants to specific grammatical environment depends on their outer form. The focus of this paper is the investigation into which, if any, properties of the immediate grammatical environment correlate with the formal elaborateness or simplicity of linguistic variants, excluding from the equation, to the highest degree possible, the functional and pragmatic motivation for their actual use, as well as the already verified correlation between the form and content of linguistic structures themselves. The pioneers of the Naturalness Theory were the founders of Natural Phonology (Stampe 1979; Donegan 1985) and Natural Morphology (Mayerthaler 1981; Dressler 1987). In syntax, it was applied by Ryden (1979) and, as a language-universal theory, by Dotter (1990) and Dressler (2000). The behaviour of morphosyntactic pairs of constructions in English and German language material was first empirically tested at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia (Oresnik et al. 1990). On synchronic level, the theory postulates that of two morphosyntactic variants one is formally more elaborate and the other one less elaborate. While the initial work applied the terms "stronger" and "weaker" (variants), Mayerthaler (1981, 1987) and Oresnik (2000, 2007) currently operate with the terms "naturalness scale", "sem-values" and "sym-values". The naturalness scale rests on the assumption that of two morphosyntactic variants one is more natural ( On diachronic level, the initial hypothesis was that, post status nascendi, stronger variants are favoured in a relatively complex grammatical environment, and weaker variants in a relatively simple grammatical environment (Oresnik et al. 1990:5-11). The author of this paper empirically tested the hypothesis by investigating the correlation between the complexity of grammatical environment and the assertion of expanded tenses in Old English, the loss of the preverbal ge- in Old English, and the distribution of participial non-finite clauses in Old English and in present-day English. …


Some black shales contain as much as one hundred times more uranium than other common sedimentary rocks and they also contain organic matter that will yield oil when subjected to destructive distillation. Such shales may be referred to as uraniferous oil shales and have been considered as a potential source of both oil and uranium; oil yield and uranium determinations on more than five hundred samples of these shales are recorded in this report. Slightly more than half of these samples are from the Late Devonian Chattanooga shale and its partial correlatives in the eastern and midcontinent areas of the United States. In central Tennessee, the upper member of the Chattanooga shale is about 15 feet thick, contains 0.006 percent uranium, and will yield about 10 gallons of oil per ton of shale. Limited data indicate that the Chattanooga shale in Alabama and southern Kentucky, the Antrim shale of Michigan, the New Albany shale of Indiana and northwestern Kentucky and its stratigraphic equivalent in southern Illinois, and the Chattanooga and Woodford shales of the midcontinent area have slightly lesser quantities of both oil and uranium. A channel sample of 5 feet of the Doublehorn shale member of the Houy formation in central Texas indicates that this unit has a uranium content of 0.009 percent and an oil yield of 21.8 gallons of oil per ton of shale. Some of the marine black shales in the cyclothems of Pennsylvanian age in Illinois, Kansas, and Oklahoma contain between 0.004 and 0.010 percent uranium and yield 8 to 15 gallons of oil per ton of shale, but generally these shales are less than 3 feet thick. Some shale units in the Phosphoria formation of Permian age in southwestern Montana, which are about 10 feet thick, will yield 10 to 15 gallons of oil per ton of shale, but their uranium content of 0.001 to 0.004 percent is relatively low. The few data available indicate the Sharon Springs member of the Pierre shale of Late Cretaceous age in the Great Plains area has an oil yield of less than 8 gallons per ton of shale and a uranium content of about 0.002 percent. The Green River formation of Eocene age in Colorado and Utah has beds of oil shale tens of feet thick that will yield more than 25 gallons of oil per ton of shale, but the uranium content of these beds is low, generally between 0.0003 and 0.0010 percent. Both oil and uranium have been recovered in large quantities from the Upper Cambrian black shales of Sweden, which yield about 14 gallons of oil per ton of shale and about 0.023 percent uranium. Some other oil shales from foreign sources that yield 50 or more gallons per ton generally contain about 0.0005 percent or less uranium. A fair positive relation between oil yield and uranium content exists for some of these shales, particularly for parts of the Chattanooga shale locally and the Antrim shale, but in other shales little or no relation is apparent. In some of the Pennsylvanian shales and in those in the Phosphoria formation the uranium is more closely related to the phosphate content. Whereas the oil from these shales is inherent to and derived directly from the organic matter, most of the uranium is attached to or precipitated in the presence of organic matter just before or during the time of deposition of the organic-rich sediment. It is suggested that two types of organic matter should be distinguished, the sapropelic type derived principally from algae, pollen and spores, resins, and the fatty tissues of animals, and the humic type which is derived principally from cellulose and lignin or the woody parts of plants. The sapropelic type of organic matter generally yields four or five times more oil than the humic type, but, because of its general resistance to decay, is probably insignificant in the process of concentrating uranium. The humic type of organic matter, either in its solid form or as soluble humic acid extracts, or, indirectly, as it creates a reducing and acidic environment during its decay, is believed responsible for the precipitation or sorption of the uranium in black shales. Only where the proportion of sapropelic to humic type of organic matter remains the same in an otherwise homogeneous black shale will the oil yield and uranium content have a high positive correlation. INTRODUCTION During the 1944-54 period of intensive search for sources of uranium in. the United States, a part of the effort of the U.S. Geological Survey was devoted to the finding and study of uraniferous marine black shales. Several of the more than one hundred black shale units checked contain more than average amounts of uranium; these were subjected to detailed stratigraphic and geochemical study. Laboratory analyses of several kinds were made on more than five thousand samples of these shales, and it is the purpose of this paper to present some of the analytical data and some of the possible geologic interpretations and economic implications derived therefrom. In the general geologic sense, many marine black shales may be classed as oil shales. Because of their 1 URANIUM IN CARBONACEOUS ROCKS OIL YIELD AND URANIUM CONTENT OF BLACK SHALES large amount of carbonaceous organic matter, fluid and gaseous hydrocarbons can be produced from these shales by destructive distillation (pyrolysis). The oil obtainable from shales having a relatively high uranium content logically is considered as a possibly important byproduct if and when the uranium is extracted. Figure I indicates those black shales in the United States whose oil yield and uranium content have been determined and shows the localities where these shales were sampled. The most distinctive feature common to rocks called "black shales," "oil shales," and "carbonaceous shales" is their relatively high content of organic matter. It is not the purpose of this paper to classify and define carbonaceous rocks; thus, only general meanings are ascribed to these lithologic terms. As used here, the three names are used interchangeably; all three rock types are fine grained (with clayand silt-size particles), are thinly laminated, and generally contain more than 2 percent organic carbon. A marine origin for most of these shales is inferred on the basis of the contained fossils and the lithologic uniformity of the rock over tens or hundreds of thousands of square miles. An arbitrary minimum amount of oil distillable from a carbonaceous shale is not used here in determining when the shale is or is not an oil shale; the fact is implied that little or none of the contained organic matter is soluble in ordinary petroleum solvents, but a large proportion is convertible to artificial petroleum on heating. A shale is here considered uraniferous only if it contains 0.002 percent or more uranium through most of its vertical and lateral extent. In a compilation and summary paper such as this, the work of many persons is represented. Most of the collecting of samples, field study, and laboratory analyses were accomplished by members of the Geological Survey. Hence, this paper should be recognized as a result of a joint effort within the Geological Survey, though the author assumes responsibility for the interpretations made. This report was prepared on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. Several samples of Pennsylvanian black shales in Illinois were made available to the author by the Illinois States Geological Survey, for analytical work. For this cooperation, the author thanks particularly J. C. Frye, M. E. Ostrom, and J. E. Lamar. S. P. Ellison, Jr., and V. E. Barnes were helpful in obtaining samples of the Woodford shale equivalent in Texas. The use of unpublished data provided by the U.S. Bureau of Mines and T. B. Dahlman of the Geological Survey of Sweden is also gratefully acknowledged. GENERAL ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE Tonnages of uraniferous black shales in the United States may be calculated in the trillions, and, similarly, the oil that can be recovered from them may be estimated in trillions of barrels. Most of these shales, however, contain recoverable oil in such small quantities, less than 15 gallons per ton, that it is doubtful they will be considered as a source of oil for many decades. The amount of uranium in these shales is extremely large, reckoned in billions of tons of metallic uranium. In view of the present large high-grade sources of uranium and the probable future demand for the metal, it is also unlikely that these shales will be mined and processed for uranium in the near future. As most of the shales discussed in this report generally contain less than 15 gallons of oil per ton and less than 0.01 percent uranium, they are far from being competitive with the existing sources of crude oil or uranium. Possibly certain other constituents, such as sulfur and nitrogen compounds, aluminum, and titanium, could be extracted during the processing of these shales and the combined production of several of these, including the oil and uranium, may some day be the critical basis for a profitable venture. The Gassaway member of the Chattanooga shale in a part of the central Eastern Highland Rim of Tennessee can be cited as an example of a possible low-grade and common source of oil and uranium. This unit averages 15 feet in thickness and contains an average of 0.0060 percent uranium; an average of 10 gallons of oil per ton can be recovered from it. Computed on a square mile basis, this unit comprises an "ore body" of about 30 million tons of shale. The shale in this square mile contains about 1,800 tons of metallic uranium; or, for sake of comparison, this "ore body" contains uranium nearly equal to that in a million-ton ore deposit, of which less than 10 were known in the United States at the beginning of 1957 (U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, 1957, P7>' In the course of processing the shale for its uranium, the shale probably would be retorted, and the extracted 011 would be a significant byproduct. Over 7 million barr


The purpose of this study was to produce a prototype of a physical test-based microcontroller. The research method uses the research and development of the Borg and gall. The procedure starts from the study; research and information collecting, planning, develop preliminary form of product, preliminary field testing, main product revision, playing field testing, operational product revision, field operational testing, final product revision, dissemination and implementation. Validation of the product, obtained through expert evaluation; test products of small scale and large scale; effectiveness test; evaluation of respondents. The results showed that the eligibility assessment of prototype products based physical tests microcontroller. Based on the ratings of seven experts showed that 87% included in the category of "very good" and 13% included in the category of "good". While the effectiveness of the test results showed that 1). The results of the experimental group to test sit-ups increase by 40% and the control group by 15%. 2). The results of the experimental group to test push-ups increased by 30% and the control group by 10%. 3). The results of the experimental group to test the Back-ups increased by 25% and the control group by 10%. With a significant value of 0.002 less than 0.05, product means a physical test prototype microcontroller based, proven effective in improving the results of physical tests. Conclusions and recommendations; Product physical microcontroller-based assays, can be used to measure the physical tests of pushups, sit ups, and back-ups.


Most of the existing intrusion detection systems use supervised machine learning models, which can detect attacks well by using a large amount of sample data. However, with the rapid changes in the network environment and the emergence of various attack methods, the ability to respond quickly is required, which requires the intrusion detection system to continuously learn new knowledge from a few shots of new attack samples. In this paper, we describe this problem as continuous few-shot learning for intrusion detection and propose a metric-based first-order meta-learning framework, which enables intrusion detection models to be trained through multiple tasks to maximize the model's generalization ability to handle different tasks. In the face of increasing attack classes, the trained model can quickly adapt to new attacks with a few shots of samples. In addition, to avoid forgetting the previous knowledge, we save a small number of representative old-class attack samples. With extensive experiments, the results show that the model has good plasticity, and can detect new attacks well using a few shots of samples.


This paper proposes load reactances for achieving resonance in two-receiver inductive power transfer systems with two co-planar transmitters. In the proposed system, the load reactances are adjusted depending on the impedances of the coupling network, the load resistances, and the source voltages. Additionally, control method for obtaining the collinear input currents is presented to validate the calculation of the proposed load reactances. Electromagnetic simulation results illustrate that proposed system outperforms conventional one of individually canceling out the self-inductance of the coils. Moreover, this work also shows that the transmission efficiency of the proposed system is still higher than that of the conventional one even when the receivers are misaligned up to 50 percent of their size.


Dynamic performance tuning memory. Example memory device includes a memory stack that includes a memory element coupled to these memory elements comprises a plurality of columns, the columns comprising a plurality of first and second columns; and a logic device which includes a memory controller. When the memory controller determines that the read request and the first column and the amount of misalignment between the data related to the second column signal read request, and determining misalignment between the first row and the second row is greater than the threshold value , the memory controller when shifting between the data signal for the second column is inserted for the data signal of the first column.