In the next decade, nurses will be required to react to global challenges like the corona pandemic, even though they will also be affected as ordinary citizens. The future resilience of health care services will depend on having sufficient numbers of nurses who have the adequately resources, competences and skills to face the coming challenges (Catton, 2020). A survey from China including health care workers in hospitals reported increased psychological burdens and distress, especially among nurses, women, and frontline health care workers directly engaged in the diagnosis, treatment, and care for patients with COVID19 (Lai et al., 2020). The purpose of this article is to highlight cultural patterns and reactions within the Danish society, at the beginning of the entry of the COVID19 pandemic. We focus on the public reactions and governmental initiatives which have impact on nurses' reactions, professional identity, and self-understanding which probably can be transferable to other countries.


The proliferation of armed civilian groups has become an issue of international concern for organizations such as the UN, insofar as they represent an image of fragmented, violent nations that find no middle ground between security and justice. In Mexico, community police, self-defense groups and discreetly armed vigilante groups have grown exponentially as a result of the war on drugs, militarization and insecurity. This article analyzes the emergence of several armed civilian groups and explore their nature and borders with other expressions of armed violence. The case of Michoacan is used as the best example for understanding what is happening as regards public safety in Mexico.


Parallel axis stereophotography has been applied to record events of an automotive crash simulation. Two 16mm, high frame rate, high acceleration cameras were used of the type developed for use on board military aircraft. The cameras travelled with the crashing vehicle, and were mounted on a rigid frame which was in turn attached to the floor pan of the vehicle. The crashes referred to here simulated car–to–pole side impacts. The cameras provided a stereoscopic record of events within the body shell's interior during the impact. Displacements and velocities of the anthropomorphic dummies seated in the body shell and of the intrusion caused by the pole, were determined using a single stereo photogrammetric method. Depth measurements were obtained with relative errors of about 1% or 15mm.


Object technology infrastructure is maturing as investment in object-oriented operating systems, databases, languages, and development environments accelerates. Modern information systems development has begun the migration to objects in response to increasing demands for flexible, adaptive software, suitable for deployment in a global economy. And yet the road to object orientation, especially for novices, is not always easy. Experts complain that finding good objects has been and continues to be a problem. This paper (a) catalogs various factors that influence the identification of classes and objects, (b) presents the findings of an empirical study of the importance of these factors, and (c) identifies developer-suggested techniques for over coming hindrances to class and object identification. Results suggest several factors strongly influence successful object identification, with problem domain knowledge and analyst communication skills topping the list. Mentoring is the most popular approach to overcoming the difficulties inherent in finding good objects.


Today Antibiotic resistance is one of the global concerns in medicine. Due to the increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the problems with their treatment, the use of alternative methods to increase effectiveness and reduce drug resistance is important. In traditional medicine, the use of ferula plant due to its various active chemical compounds with antibacterial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, has attracted the attention of researchers. Because, many studies have been performed on other species of Ferula, the aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Ferula macrocolea extract on 4 standard strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The present study was performed on 4 standard bacterial strains of Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis . First, Ferula essential oil was extracted. Microbial suspension with specific and standard concentrations was prepared in Müller-Hinton Broth medium. Antimicrobial properties of the essential oil on this study showed that Ferula extract has different antimicrobial effect on all strains. The highest and lowest antimicrobial and inhibitory effects of this extract were reported on B. subtilis and S. epidermidis , respectively. Examination of the antibacterial effect of essential oil from F. macrocolea showed that this extract has different lethal and inhibitory effects on gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. A. Investigation of Antibacterial Effect of Ferula macrocolea Extract and Quantity Determination of Inhibitory Effect on 4 Standard Strains of Gram Positive and Gram Negative Bacteria. Plant Biotechnol Persa 2022; 3(2): 97-102.


In 1888, a geologist, J. H. L. Vogt, stated that an exceptionally low apatite content in the bedrock was the reason for osteomalacia in animals in certain areas in Norway. This discovery was confirmed, for example in South Africa, soon after World War I.


Acoustics is typically considered only late in developed design or even post occupancy, if at all, for specification of finishes and furnishing, and typically with a remedial mindset. In this paper, the role of sound performance as a design driver in increasing the speech privacy of a semi-enclosed meeting space in an open plan interior is studied. Sound performance prediction is applied as an imperative input to inform the meeting space design. The design is the second iteration in an evolving series of meeting spaces, and therefore has benefited from both subjective experiments and objective measurements performed with the first meeting space prototype. This study promotes a design method that offers a strong relationship between the digital simulation of sound performance and design development. By improving the speech privacy of a meeting space by means of purely form, geometry and design decisions, the significance of architecture in tuning the sound performance of a space is investigated.


Working with schools, further education providers and universities, the Regional Science Centre Oldham (RCSO) is working to develop science skills by creating and maintaining interest in science education from an early age.


Abstract Whiteflies (suborder Sternorrhyncha, family Aleyrodidae) are known to harbor prokaryotic symbionts, some of which are vital and provide specific nutritional needs, while others are transient or nonessential, that can either be beneficial or deleterious in the long-term. However, the extent to which diverse bacterial symbionts are associated with populations of the same species of whitefly that colonize herbaceous plants in diverse habitats, and their particular influence on the evolution of the whitefly host, are not well studied. Here, the composition and diversity of prokaryotic symbionts associated with biotypes or haplotypes of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius were examined for collections from representative host plants and different geographical locations worldwide. The eubacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and Wolbachia-specific 16S rDNA genes for endosymbionts were obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Amplification and comparison of 16S rDNA sequences revealed that a primary-like symbiont was associated with all whitefly collections examined. However, the endosymbiont 16S rDNA phylogeny was not strictly concordant with the phylogeographically informative cytochrome oxidase I tree for the respective whitefly host. Secondary symbiont sequences for 13 of 20 whitefly populations clustered with Arsenophonus spp. and aphid T-type bacteria, which both belong to the Enterobacteriaceae. PCR and sequencing of Wolbachia-specific 16S rDNA revealed that at least 33% of B. tabaci populations harbored Wolbachia.


The display control method and apparatus for a terminal device, the method comprising: determining an actual position of the human eye; determining a parameter based on the actual position of the viewing point of the human eye, said parameters comprising at least one spatial position and viewing angles species; 3D image based on a screen of the terminal device parameter update the display observation point. Technical Solution The present invention implements any perspective converted 3D interface display.


The technique of inelastic neutron scattering (INS) is used to investigate how hydrogen is partitioned within a series of Na and S promoted iron-based Fischer-Tropsch-to-olefin catalysts. Two reaction test regimes are examined. First, reaction testing at elevated temperature and pressure demonstrate how Na/S additions enhance short chain olefin selectivity and reduce methane formation under industrially relevant reaction conditions. For a fixed level of Na incorporation (2000 ppm), sulfur concentrations of (cid:1) 100 ppm result in only a modest improvement in olefin selectivity. However, for sulfur values of (cid:3) 100 ppm there is a noticeable and systematic increase in C 2 -C 4 olefin selectivity; rising from ~ 30.0% to 35.2% at 250 ppm. Second, using ambient pressure CO hydrogenation as a test reaction in INS and micro-reactor configurations, catalyst samples are further analysed by TPR, TPO, XRD and S K-edge XANES. INS shows the formation of a hydrocarbonaceous overlayer to be significantly attenuated by the presence of the promoters, with increasing S levels significantly reducing the intensity of the sp 2 and sp 3 hybridised m (C-H) modes of the overlayer, albeit to differing degrees. A probable role for how this combination of promoters is perturbing the form of the hydrocarbonaceous overlayer to subse- quently moderate the product distribution is considered.


Objective: A descriptive analysis of NIH funding of the top science gaps recognized in the 2015 AHA Emergency Cardiac Care cardiac arrest (CA) guidelines over a five-year period. Methods: A search ...


Nowadays congestion in traffic is a serious issue. The traffic congestion can also be caused by large red light delays etc. The delay of respective light is hard coded in the traffic light and it is not dependent on traffic. In this paper we studied the optimization of traffic light controller in a city using microcontroller. The system tries to reduce possibilities of traffic jams, caused by traffic lights, to an extent. The system is based on raspberry-pi. The system contains IR transmitter and IR receiver which are mounted on either sides of roads respectively. Based on different vehicles count, the raspberrypi takes desicision and updates the traffic lights delays as a result. Thus based on vehicles count, raspberry-pi defines different ranges for traffic light delays and updates those accordingly. This recorded vehicle count data can be used in future to analyze traffic condition at respective traffic lights connected to the system. For appropriate analysis, the record data can be downloaded to the controller through communication between raspberry-pi and the computer then it will send correct signal into the LED lights . In future in this system can be used to inform people about different places traffic condition.


We consider the problem of clustering in the presence of noise. That is, when on top of cluster structure, the data also contains a subset of points which are unstructured. Our goal is to detect this structure despite the presence of the unstructured points. Any algorithm which achieves this goal is noise-robust. We consider a regularization method which converts any center-based clustering objective into a noise-robust one and provide robustness guarantees for our method.
More specifically, in this paper, we focus on the popular $k$-means objective. We first show that the regularised version of $k$-means is also NP-Hard. We propose an algorithm based on the convex (sdp) relaxation of the regularised objective. We then prove robustness guarantee for our sdp-based algorithm w.r.t existing robustness measures. We complement our findings with experiments showing the efficiency of our algorithm.


The utility model relates to an all-moving wing aircraft without a control plane. The all-moving wing aircraft comprises a wing, a power system and an aircraft body, wherein the wing is connected with the aircraft body by a rotating shaft mechanism; the power system is positioned in the aircraft body; a driving mechanism connected with the power system is arranged on the aircraft body; and the driving mechanism is connected with the front edge of the wing. Through the adoption of the all-moving wing aircraft without the control plane, provided by the utility model, each posture of the aircraft can be controlled through an all-moving wing; and short-distance take-off and landing and large aircraft body space can be achieved.


Objective To explore the effect of endothelin (ET)、nitric oxide (NO) in plasma on retinopathy in the pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH). Methods The level of ET and NO in plasma of 75 cases of in-patient women with PIH and 20 cases of women with the full terms and normal pregnancy before and after delivery was determined by radioimmunoassay. The retinopathy of the patients with PIH before and after delivery was detected by appointed doctor. The levels of ET and NO in both groups were compared and the relationship between ET and NO in plasma and the retinopathy before and after the delivery was detected. Results The levels of ET [(145.00±54.41) ng/L] in serious PIH patients were much higher than that in the control [(81.50±43.80) ng/L], the minor [(85.30±33.33) ng/L] and middling PIH group [(90.20±39.25) ng/L]. The levels of ET in plasma before and after pregnancy were not changed in PIH patients [(118.70±33.44) ng/L], but were higher than that in the control group. The levels of plasma NO in serious [(87.56±35.58) ng/L] and middling [(78.11±28.96) ng/L] PIH group were both higher than that in the control group [(46.70±32.64) ng/L], and the levels in minor[(52.56±28.35) ng/L] and middling PIH group were lower than that in the serious PIH group. The level of NO in plasma of PIH patients after the delivery was much lower than that before the delivery, while higher than that in the control. The positive correlation between levels of ET and NO and retinopathy was found in PIH patients. Conclusions The levels of plasma ET and NO in PIH patients are related to the extent of the disease, and the level of ET in plasma is highly related to the retinopathy in PIH patients. ET and NO might be played an important role in pathogenesis of retinopathy and ET might be a good index in reflecting the rank of retinopathy in PIH.


ABSTRACT. IGF‐1 has been produced by recombinant DNA technology; the host cell is a yeast. Studies in hypophysectomized rats show that IGF‐1 has little growth promoting effect unless given by infusion at high doses, and priming with bovine growth hormone did not produce any potentiation. In vitro studies reveal that IGF‐1 cross‐reacts with the insulin receptor on adipose cells. Immunohistochemical studies have revealed high IGF‐1 immunoreactivity in proliferating and differentiating cells in the testes, lymphoid organs and pancreatic islets and particularly in regenerating nerves. Local application of IGF‐1 may stimulate regeneration in damaged peripheral nerves.


A closed form solution for the undrained bearing capacity of strip footings on anisotropic cohesive soils using kinematic approach of limit analysis has been presented in this article. A translational failure mechanism with variable wedge angles is attempted and the resulting upper bound was analytically determined leading to an analytical expression for the bearing capacity factor. The influence of degree of soil anisotropy on the corresponding value for the bearing capacity factor was evaluated and the results are compared with available pertinent solution. An advantage of the closed-form solution is that it is more convenient for complex computations as well as it clearly depicts the effect of soil anisotropy on the bearing capacity as opposed to tabular or graphical representations where such an effect is obstructed in a number of charts and/or tables.


According to the Preface the author's intention is to offer 'an anthropological analysis of the nature of &dquo;tradition&dquo; as it developed in India.' Religious tradition is there defined as 'a conscious authoritative expression [cf 'selection,' a few pages later in the Introduction] of religious experience.' The author expresses the hope that 'those not familiar with this approach to the study of religion or who feel that they disagree with one or another of my interpretations will read


Fractals have very unique properties, therefore in recent years, antenna designers use fractal geometry in multi-band and broad-band antennas designing. In this paper, I have achieved to a 40GHz super wideband antenna with applying a fractal geometry to a wire square loop antenna and choosing appropriate size and location for feeding. Modelling and simulation is performed via SuperNEC electromagnetic simulator. Results of simulation show that suggested antenna is multi-band and broad-band, because it is operational in 20 – 60GHz frequency range.


In this paper, we propose an assignment-based local search method for solving vehicle routing problems. This method is a multi-route improvement algorithm that can operate on several routes at a time. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, extensive computational experiments on the proposed method applied to a set of benchmark problems are carried out. The results show that the proposed method, when coupled with metaheuristics such as simulated annealing, is comparable with other efficient heuristic methods proposed in the literature.


The paper reviews the source and their effect factors of soil enzyme activity in Karst mountain area,summarizes that the soil ecological condition,soil type,plant,microorganism,management measure,soil fertility,and cultivation way have the effects on soil enzyme activity,and puts forward seven research directions for developing soil enzyme activity in Karst mountain area from its basic and application research angles.


From the earliest moments in time, humans relied on their senses in order to survive. The mechanism of sensory evaluation was not only used to assess the environment where they were living but also the food they were consuming. Manufacturing good food is a direct result of having the right ingredients, recipe and process in place. In this chapter we aim to share some practical guidelines on how to manage when dealing with a bigger kitchen, as in food manufacturing there is always the need of having a systematized sensory evaluation. Given the high complexity of this topic, authors will tackle the subject by generally approaching sensory analysis and its role in organoleptic quality evaluation and will further go through the practical steps of setting the sensory panel room, selection and training of panel participants, setting up a testing panel and interpreting the results.


The appearance of new alloys for the manufacture of rotatory files and reciprocating files have improved root canal shaping, especially those with complex anatomy. Objective: Assess canal transportation and centering ability of XP-endo Shaper versus WaveOne Gold in Simulated Curved Canals Prepared manufactured in clear resin block. Materials y method: Simulated Curved Canals Prepared manufactured in clear resin block were randomly assigned according to the instrumentation system. In the first group clear resin block were shaped with the rotatoy system XP-endo Shaper and in second group were shaped withy reciprocating system WaveOne Gold ®. Then resin blocks were scanned with the cone beam computed tomography (CS9300, Carestream Health Inc, Rochester, New York, USA) before and after of the instrumentation. Results: Statistic analysis included Chi-square test and it was used to evaluate the association between the variables (p<0.05). WaveOne Gold® system induce lower mean of canal transportation and greater centering ability than XP-endo Shaper system, however this differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Resin blocks were shaped with WaveOne Gold® and XP-endo Shaper systems, all of them presented centering ability and canal transportation, both system showed to be a good alternative for shaping root Canals.


In proton therapy, the last part of the beam transport system is installed on a rotatable gantry, so that the beam can be aimed at the tumor from different angles. Since such a gantry system consis...


Objective: the main objective of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of early intervention for improving postoperative patient status. A secondary aim was to analyze the effect of other outcomes of the evolution on patient 's evolution. Material and methods: quasi-experimental study. The sample consisted of 16 patients. Patients were collected for five weeks in the Hospital Neurotraumatologico Ciudad de Jaen for a surgery intervention as a result of a primary hip fracture. There were excluded cases of pathological fractures or cases without prescription of physical therapy treatment. The sample was measured in the Barthel scale and Tinetti scale at the beginning and at the end of treatment. Furthermore, age, sex, surgery and the number of sessions were taken as secondary variables. The intervention consisted of implementing the protocol for hip fracture in the center where the survey was conducted. Results: there was an statistically significant improvement in scores, for patients registered with the Barthel scale (p = 0.0427), and Tinetti scale (p = 0.0036). Men had higher average improvement than women in the Tinetti scale (p = 0.0139). Total hip replacement group was also the best average improvement in the Tinetti scale (p = 0020). Age, initial score, and the number of rehabilitation sessions together, were significant predictors for the final score in Tinetti (R2 = 0.9341). The same outcomes with mobilization sessions instead of re-education of the walk ability were also predictors for the final score in Tinetti (r = 0.9192). Conclusions: the physical intervention was effective for the improvement of the two scales measured. We suggest further studies to confirm the results of this treatment on the physical therapist in a post-operative period.


Purpose: To report a case of isolated eyelid pseudotumor. Case report: A 40-year-old man presented with swelling and erythema of the right upper eyelid of 4 months duration. Multiple topical and systemic antibiotics had been administrated without any response. Incisional biopsy and evaluation of the lesion disclosed a diagnosis of eyelid pseudotumor. Oral prednisolone was initiated and then tapered slowly on the basis of clinical response. After six months, the eyelid lesion disappeared totally. Conclusion: Isolated eyelid involvement is a rare presentation of inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eyelid lesions.


We will report on an ion interferometer which is under construction. One application of this device is the test of Coulomb's law and the search for a possible photon rest mass.


This paper presents the first estimates on the evolution of intergenerational mobility for cohorts born after Second World War in Italy. We divide sons born between 1945 and 1979 in seven equallysized birth cohorts and using a dataset built matching the Italian administrative archives with the Italian component of the EU-SILC 2005 wave we observe their earnings when there are aged 30 to 40 and a full set of background characteristics. We first derive a measure of intergenerational relative mobility for each cohort regressing sons' earnings on a parental background index, also controlling for possible mediating factors of the association between parental circumstances and sons' outcomes. Then, we also derive a measure of absolute mobility for each cohorts, computing the probability for sons' of moving from the lowest quantile of the background index to the highest quintile of prime age earnings. To obtain a parental background index net of underlying structural changes and thus comparable across cohorts, we exploit a machine learning approach that allows us to rank individuals according to their background characteristics while considering also likely changes over time of the importance of these characteristics. Results show that in the second half of the 20th century background related earnings advantages followed an inverted U-shaped pattern. Moreover, cohort-differences in income relative mobility remain when we control for sons' education, occupation, region of birth and GDP growth occurred in the first phase of the sons' career.


Abstract : Spatial Disorientation (SD) is a triservice aviation problem that costs the Department of Defense more than $300 million annually in destroyed aircraft and is the primary cause of pilot related mishaps in the Navy and the Air Force. As one solution to the SD problem, the Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory has developed the Tactile Situation Awareness System (TSAS). The primary objective of TSAS is to enhance pilot performance and reduce SD related aircrew/aircraft losses by providing continuous non-visual information using the normally underutilized sensory channel of touch. Using vibrotactile stimulators, TSAS applies information taken from the aircraft's instruments to the pilot's torso. The current implementation of TSAS is a research system that is not compatible with the crowded cockpit of modern aircraft. This thesis presents a design of a microelectronic controller for TSAS compatible with tactical environments. This new system, called the Tactor Interface Microcontroller System (TIMS), incorporates the functionality of the research TSAS into a palm sized microcontroller system and enables TSAS to communicate directly to the computerized sensory and weapons systems in combat aircraft such as the Navy F/A-18. TIMS brings the TSAS prototype out of the research stage and puts this exciting technology into the hands of the warfighter.


Studying the problem of sustainable development from the view of value is the basic thinking mode with which man pays close attention to the society and his self-development. If we analyze the problem from such angles as theory and reality, we will find out that the traditional view of value unilaterally emphasizes man's leading role so much that it has caused the imbalance of value relationship between man and nature. As the result, man's sustainable development has been badly blocked. In the new century, the relationship between man and nature should be studied with the multi-dimensional view of value, and the balanced and harmonious developments of man himself and the nature should be realized, so as to ensure the sustainable development of the human society.


Recent changes in nurse education in the UK (UKCC 1986) have emphasised particular
values in nursing, such as individualised, holistic and research and evidence based care.
However, the extent to which these values and ideals have been adopted by students and
qualified nurses has not been explored, nor the extent to which they can be implemented
in practice.
This study is a longitudinal, naturalistic enquiry into the fate of the ideals and values of
newly qualified nurses. At the end of their course students in three colleges of nursing
were asked, via questionnaires (n=86), to describe their ideals for practice.
Questionnaires and in-depth interviews (at 4-6 months and 11-15 months post
qualification) were the methods used with a purposive sub sample of twenty-six
participants, who were followed from the end of their Dip HE Adult nursing courses to
up to three years post qualification (second questionnaire after 3 years). Interviews were
tape-recorded, transcribed, and data were analysed using constant comparison and
negative case analysis.
The study found that the diplomates emerged from their courses with a cogent set of
high ideals. The fate of these ideals in practice was dominated by two key forces:
professional and organisational sabotage. Three groups emerged in the findings:
sustained, compromised and crushed idealists. The key to the retention or otherwise of
their ideals and values was the practice environment, together with diplomates' own
strategies for maintaining ideals and motivation. Particularly important in the practice
environment were support, role models and staff attitudes, and the adequacy of resources,
especially staffing and skill mix issues.
It is suggested that educational, policy and social changes have sharpened the
professional-bureaucratic conflict in nursing, and that individual nurses are often caught
in the middle of this conflict, with deleterious consequences for both individuals and for
the nursing profession.


Auditory Attention Decoding (AAD) algorithms play a crucial role in isolating desired sound sources within challenging acoustic environments directly from brain activity. Although recent research has shown promise in AAD using shallow representations such as auditory envelope and spectrogram, there has been limited exploration of deep Self-Supervised (SS) representations on a larger scale. In this study, we undertake a comprehensive investigation into the performance of linear decoders across 12 deep and 2 shallow representations, applied to EEG data from multiple studies spanning 57 subjects and multiple languages. Our experimental results consistently reveal the superiority of deep features for AAD at decoding background speakers, regardless of the datasets and analysis windows. This result indicates possible nonlinear encoding of unattended signals in the brain that are revealed using deep nonlinear features. Additionally, we analyze the impact of different layers of SS representations and window sizes on AAD performance. These findings underscore the potential for enhancing EEG-based AAD systems through the integration of deep feature representations.


Na-W-Mn/SiO2 catalysts with different sodium contents (wt%)were Prepared and used for the oxidative coupling of methane (OCM). Thecatalysts were characterized by XPS and XRD. It was found that thecatalysts With sodium contents between 0.39Wt% and 2.34Wt% eXhibitedgood catalytic performances and the crystalline phases of the manganeseoxides Which tavoured the reaction were formed. Owing to the addition ofNa to the WO4-Mn/SiO2 catalyst, W and W moved towards the surface.These results suggested that the sodium is an essential active componene fora high CH4 conversion and a high C2H4 selectivity.


An overview is given of the laser remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols and related processes over the Sofia area performed in the Institute of Electronics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, during the last three years. Results from lidar investigations of the optical characteristics of atmospheric aerosols obtained in the frame of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network, as well as from the lidar mapping of near-surface aerosol fields for remote monitoring of atmospheric pollutants are presented and discussed in this paper. PACS codes: 42.68.Wt, 42.62.-b, 42.79.Qx


In this letter, we demonstrate the realization of nonlinear Cherenkov difference-frequency generation (CDFG) exploiting the birefringence property of KTiOPO4 (KTP) crystal. The pump and signal waves were set to be along different polarizations, thus the phase-matching requirement of CDFG, which is, the refractive index of the pump wave should be smaller than that of the signal wave, was fulfilled. The radiation angles and the intensity dependence of the CDFG on the pump wave were measured, which agreed well with the theoretical ones.


Biological rate measurements provide critical information for understanding key processes and modeling future states of marine ecosystems. Experimentally derived rates can be challenging to interpret when methodological assumptions are untested or potentially violated under variable natural conditions, such as the assumed linear grazing response of the dilution technique for estimating rates of phytoplankton growth and microzooplankton grazing impact. Here, we show that grazing nonlinearity can be related to the ratio of initial phytoplankton biomass to the half‐saturation parameter in the Holling II model, while not being affected by varying grazer biomass during dilution experiments. From this, we present theory to recover growth and grazing rates from multi‐treatment dilution experiments with nonlinear grazing results. We test our analyses with data collected during the California Current Ecosystem‐Long‐Term Ecological Research (CCE‐LTER) program. We show that using a linear regression in 2‐treatment dilution experiments may lead to underestimates of microzooplankton grazing rates, particularly in high‐phytoplankton‐biomass coastal regions where grazing can be saturated. Using the Holling II grazing model and a correction factor, growth and grazing rates from 2‐treatment experiments can also be estimated, as illustrated by application to Lagrangian water‐tracking studies of growth and grazing dynamics in the CCE.


To the Editor.— The American Heart Association has failed to address the key issue related to infection and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the supplemental guidelines published in the November 17 issue ofThe Journal. 1 If good cardiopulmonary resuscitation training can be done without risk, there is no moral or ethical justification for exposing trainees to any risk. Adequate ventilation practice can be given during cardiopulmonary resuscitation courses using a bag-valve-mask apparatus. Practice and testing of this ventilation skill during cardiopulmonary resuscitation training combined with instruction about other more risky ventilation methods (mouth-to-mouth and mouth-to-mask) would provide a risk-free teaching situation. The students I teach would be willing to take the minuscule risk of contracting a serious infection to save a life. They are unwilling to take this risk to practice on a mannequin. The guidelines state that "requests for individual mannequins should be honored, within reason." Since there is no


An air sterilization purifier contains a shell arranged with air inlets and air outlets, a fan arranged inside the shell, a sterilizing lamp arranged inside the air channel between the air inlet and the fan; the utility model is characterized in that a plurality of sterilizing lamps ranged annularly is arranged inside the shell. When the air enters the shell, since the sterilizing lamps are ranged annularly, the sterilization effect can be greatly improved. The sterilizing lamps are ultraviolet radiation sterilizing lamps or ozone sterilizing lamps; of course, the sterilizing lamps can also be the ultraviolet radiation with ozone sterilizing lamps. The sterilizing lamps can be fixed on the lamp bracket, the lamp bracket can rotate around the central shaft of the lamp bracket. The sterilization effect can be further improved, air inlets are arranged at the two sides of the shell, and air outlets are arranged at the middle of the shell, the two air channels are arranged with sterilizing lamp. Circumfluence can be facilitated to form inside the room, so as to improve the sterilization efficiency.


High demand of L-asparaginase urges the researchers to maximize the production of this enzyme with affordable cost  in short period of time. Microbial fermentation is an alternative source for production of L-asparaginase enzyme due to its low cost, easy culturing techniques as well as efficient  purification. Addition of substrate is in favour to maximize the production of L-asparaginase where this substrate can be in the form of natural substance or waste products. Excessive amount of waste may cause environmental pollution. Thus, by utilizating waste as substrate is beneficial because the amount of waste can be reduced greaty. This study has shown that both cooked chicken bone and Moringa oleifera seeds as food waste and natural substance respectively can be used to enhance the production of this enzyme which involves fermentation.


Visiting triangles that conform a digital terrain model is a core operation in a number of fields like animation and video games or generating profiles, cross-sections and contours in civil engineering. Performing the visit in an efficient manner is an issue specially when the output of the traversal depends in some way on additional parameters or informations that change over time, for example a moving point of view. In this work we report a set of rules such that given a digital terrain model defined over a regular grid and an arbitrary point outside the terrain, for example a point of view, defines a total back-to-front order in the set of digital terrain model triangles with respect to the point. The set of rules is minimal, complete and correct. To assess how the rules perform, we have implemented a CPU based algorithm for realistically rendering height fields defined over regular grids. The algorithm does not make use of the z-buffer or shaders featured by our graphics card. We show how our algorithm is implemented and we show visual results obtained from synthetic and real data. We further discuss the algorithm performance with respect to two algorithms: a naive algorithm that visits triangles according to grid indices which does not solve the hidden line problem, and the z-buffer provided by the graphics card featured by our computer. Our algorithm allows real time interaction when the point of view arbitrarily moves in 3D space and we show that its performance is as good as that of the z-buffer graphics card.


Heart disease (HD) has surpassed all other causes of death in recent years. Estimating one's risk of developing heart disease is difficult, since it takes both specialized knowledge and practical experience. The collection of sensor information for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac disease is a recent application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in healthcare organizations. Despite the efforts of many scientists, the diagnostic results for HD remain unreliable. To solve this problem, we offer an IoT platform that uses a Modified Self-Adaptive Bayesian algorithm (MSABA) to provide more precise assessments of HD. When the patient wears the smartwatch and pulse sensor device, it records vital signs, including electrocardiogram (ECG) and blood pressure, and sends the data to a computer. The MSABA is used to determine whether the sensor data that has been obtained is normal or abnormal. To retrieve the features, the kernel discriminant analysis (KDA) is used. By contrasting the suggested MSABA with existing models, we can summarize the system's efficacy. Findings like accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 measures show that the suggested MSABA-based prediction system outperforms competing approaches. The suggested method demonstrates that the MSABA achieves the highest rate of accuracy compared to the existing classifiers for the largest possible amount of data.


Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) has been completely overshadowed by adult type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Indian subcontinent because of the high prevalence of the latter (a staggering 15%-25% in the age group of 40-65 years in urban areas and 8%-10% in rural areas). However, two facts have now brought childhood diabetes to the forefront. First, increasing childhood obesity brings with it T2DM in the young, which has an accelerated course towards long-term complications, compared to adult-onset T2DM as well as T1DM. Second, our large pediatric population now results in India being home to the largest number of young people with T1DM (estimated to be about 95 000, in the age group birth to 14 years) living in any one country as per the International Diabetes Federation Atlas 2019. The incidence rates of both T1DM and T2DM in expatriate Indian children appeared to be following the worldwide increasing trend, as documented in south Asians in the United Kingdom. In an analysis a decade later, the same group reported a non-significant rise in incidence of T1DM in south Asians, in contrast to a significant rising incidence in non-south Asians. Regarding children residing within India, one center has documented a significant shift toward younger age at onset of T1DM in recent years compared to previous decades. Although better epidemiological work is required to make predictions on more firm grounds, these figures serve to drive home the enormity of underpreparedness in the country to care for these children and adolescents. Data on etiological aspects of childhood and adolescent diabetes in India provide interesting comparisons with patients of European descent. Within T1DM, islet antibody positivity is well documented to be lower (65%-70%) among recent onset T1DM patients from India than the 90% positivity observed in European populations. While the frequency of antibodies against the antigen glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is similar to that encountered in the T1DM children of European ancestry, the prevalence of tyrosine phosphatase (IA2) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) antibodies are considerably lower. The HLA associations in north Indian patients show the HLA-DRB1*03/ DQB1*02 (DR3/DQ2) to be strongly associated with T1DM, as in their European counterparts. In contrast, the association with HLADRB1*04/DQB1*03 (DR4/DQ8) is considerablyweaker. Negative associations were noted with DRB1*07, 11, 13, and 15. There is currently only preliminary information on Indians regarding other genetic loci predisposing to T1DM, such as INS, CTLA4, PTPN22, IL2RA, and others. Among other unique variants of diabetes encountered in late adolescence and in young adults is fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes (FCPD). Earlier thought to result from free radical damage to islets by cyanogenic glycosides in foods like tapioca (cassava), FCPD has been shown to have a genetic predisposition in a small proportion of patients. In a lean patient in this age group, with onset of non-ketosis-prone diabetes requiring insulin, ultrasonography of the abdomen is indicated for stones in the pancreatic ducts, even if characteristic features of exocrine pancreatic deficiency and abdominal pain are not present. Another form of insulin-requiring diabetes, known as malnutrition-modulated diabetes (MMDM), is also encountered but is not classified as a separate type of diabetes by the World Health Organization. It is regarded as a form of T1DM, modified by chronic undernutrition. Seen progressively less often now, MMDM is characterized by onset in adolescence or young adulthood and requirement of insulin for glycemic control but not exhibiting ketosis upon prolonged insulin withdrawal. Pancreatic stones are not detected. It is only seen among underprivileged patients, in contrast to FCPD, which does not necessarily have such a predilection. One of the first publications drawing attention to T2DM in childhood in India was by Ramachandran et al. Describing 18 patients, they highlighted the presence of family history in all and obesity, acanthosis, or polycystic ovary syndrome in 14 of the 18 patients. There is a paucity of good epidemiological data on T2DM in Indian children. The proportion of T2DM among 603 patients with onset of diabetes <20 years of age was recorded in a 2008 multicenter publication as only 6% (with 89% T1DM and 3% FCPD). In contrast, in another multicenter study of 5546 patients with age of onset <25 years, Praveen et al reported T2DM in 25% patients, with great regional disparity in this representation, ranging from 0% to 8.1% to as high as 39% and 43% in different participating centers. Childhood obesity is rising globally, as well as in India, and with this, it is inevitable that T2DM will increase in this age group. India must strengthen public health policy for preventing this trend from becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy. Difficulties in the management of children and adolescents with diabetes in the Indian subcontinent are multiple. There is an inadequate number of pediatric diabetologists/endocrinologists and pediatricians with a special interest in diabetes, as well as multidisciplinary teams, resulting in considerable hardship and poor education of families. Absence of widespread insurance cover makes the family spend out-of-pocket for insulin and other supplies. This results in inadequate home blood glucose monitoring or, worse still, underinsulinization. At the time of writing, analogs and pens are three to four times more expensive than human insulin in vials; thus, a large Received: 29 July 2020 Accepted: 30 July 2020


In the rough machining process, contour-parallel is the most popular machining method. However, there is an issue of detecting and removing uncut regions. Though the importance of the uncut problem in pocket machining has long been recognized, there are few investigations that have been reported on detecting and removing uncut regions. This paper presents a tool-path generation algorithm on automatic recognition uncut free pocketing for High-speed Milling (HSM). In machining operation, uncut free pocketing is automatically recognized by the use of the algorithm. Empirical tests show the algorithm works efficiently and stably. Introduction High-speed Milling (HSM) is a new technology revolution following up the technology of numerical control (NC) in machine tool manufacture circle. And it is inevitable that HSM rises with many developed technologies including machine tool structure, cutting-tool material, machining processing, CNC system and programming. At present, it isn't prevalent that the technology of HSM is applied because of no cutting-tool operating on tool-path that is generated by conventional CAM [1] as well as expensive machining cost. So it is imperative to research and develop CAM for HSM. The organization of the paper is as follows: firstly, make a summary of NC programming strategies; next, present the proposed algorithm of tool-path generation used to rough machining; thirdly, illustrate the example of tool-path generation by the algorithm; finally, draw a conclusion. NC Programming Strategies for HSM HSM is a quite compositive technology, the special machining processing of which has completely changed conventional machining strategies. Therefore, when tool-path for HSM is planned, several special factors must be considered as follows: (1) Had better adopt helix or zigzag approach mode, and avoid plunge into material; to retracting mode, may as well adopt tangent-arc, and retracting tool-path coming back to clearance along curve. (2) For moving cutting-tool between parallel tool paths and lifting cutting-tool across machining regions, had better adopt curve as bridge, avoid using straight-segment connecting them. NURBS should be firstly adopted to connect two tool paths between cut levels [2]. (3) The curve of generated tool-path must be continuous and smooth in order to avoid making an abrupt change in direction. Presently, many scholars are very interested in HSM technologies [3-5]. Relatively, however, the technology of NC automatic programming for HSM is less concerned. We analyzed quite a few CAD/CAM software including Powermill, Cimatron, Mastercam and UG. Empirical tests show it isn't certain that tool-path which they generated is rather perfect for HSM. By view of those, we have been researching the optimization algorithm of tool-path generation for HSM, so that machining tool-path is more reasonable and efficient. The Algorithm of Tool-path Generation Issues. In pocket machining operation, contour-parallel method should be selected first. It has many advantages, however couple with two troublesome issues [6]: Key Engineering Materials Online: 2004-03-15 ISSN: 1662-9795, Vols. 259-260, pp 819-823 doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.259-260.819 © 2004 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland All rights reserved. No part of contents of this paper may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of Trans Tech Publications Ltd, www.scientific.net. (Semanticscholar.org-13/03/20,19:03:53) 820 Advances in Grinding and Abrasive Processes 1. a robust two-dimensional (2-D)-curve offsetting algorithm; 2. detecting and removing uncut regions. The 2-D-curve offsetting algorithm solution has been widely researched, because it has so many potential applications. However, though the importance of the uncut problem in pocket machining has long been recognized, there are few investigations reported on detecting and removing uncut regions. The Tool-path Generation Algorithm on Automatic Recognition Uncut Pocket. These days, resolving the problem of reducing and removing uncut regions, not only in conventional NC machining but also in HSM, usually adopt the method that cutting-tool overlap portion is augmented at the cost of spending cut time. S.C. Park and B.K. Choi proposed expanded PWID offset algorithm [6] to removal machining uncut regions (Fig.1). L.L. An presented appended clear-up path algorithm [7] to removal machining uncut regions (Fig.2). However, as generated tool-path by them isn't continuous and smooth, they are unsuitable for HSM. So, we proposed an algorithm of tool-path generation for HSM. The overall procedure of which is as follows: 1. Pick up entities inside view-window, if no entity, sent message that shows no entity picked; otherwise, take ith (i=0,1,…,n-1)entity feed in closing-wire list according to the order : From edge start-point to edge end-point, and then generated closing-wires change into entities which are feed in entity list, then clear closing-wire list, setting i=i+1, if i<n, into program paragraph circle; if not, jump into next step. 2. If entity number is 1 in entity list, and then call the function body on pocketing wire with no island wire, which works the following Fig.3, Jump to next step; If entity number is bigger than 1, then call the function body on pocketing wire with island wires, which works the following Fig.4, jump to next step; otherwise, show error. 3. Release memory occupied by temporary tool-path lists; make certain the order of tool paths. Fig.1 Diamond clear-up paths Fig.2 Straight-segment clear-up path Fig.3 The flow chart with no island No Yes Change entity into edges. In terms of order of cutting-tool operation, order edge lists. Transform edges into wire-entity. T-offset-Body = = NULL? Make offset wire-entity feed in list. Get list of offset wire-entity, and optimize edge-corner, and then interpolate transition edges, till outer wire is over. Get the list of tool paths used to approach and retracting. Wire-entity is inward offset. 820 Advances in Grinding and Abrasive Processes


CIO is required to be manager in information systems department and leader in managing as well. That's means expanding a role of CIO, Thereupon, a leadership style of CIO could affect achievement of IS. This study is to find out the relationship a leadership style of CIO and achievement of IS. In this study, CIO leadership style is divided into drive goal and drive method, and then was executed empirical analysis to distinguish differences between those. CIO leadership style was divide 3 kinds of things depends on Ballancing of leadership, As a result, strategic drive and harmonious method are more effective than other styles.


Abstract
The activities of an alkaline phosphatase and of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were measured in freeze-dried sections of small mesenteric arterial branches of rats in the prenecrotic phase of adrenal-regeneration hypertension.

Alkaline phosphatase activity increased in proportion to the rise in blood pressure both in animals subjected to unilateral adrenal enucleation and in those control animals in which the left adrenal remained intact.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity changed neither in animals in which adrenal regeneration was provoked nor in operated control animals with intact left adrenals.

The evidence agrees with that derived from previous experiments which demonstrated, by microchemical techniques, that altered cardiovascular enzyme activities occur in the prenecrotic phases of deoxycortone and of renal hypertension.

It is proposed that the accumulation of plasma proteins in the walls of small visceral arteries in early accelerated hypertension, the process of plasmatic vasculosis or insudation, is the result of changes in the activities of enzymes which normally maintain membrane equilibria in vascular endothelial cells.


We study the homotopy type and other properties of two simplicial complexes arising from a directed graph G = (V, E) with two chosen vertices s and t: the path-free complex, consisting of all subsets F ⊆ E that contain no path from s to t, and the path-missing complex, its Alexander dual.


Abstract The four kinds of TiCl4/MgCl2 type supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts, Cat-1, Cat-2, Cat-3 and Cat-4, were prepared by reaction of MgCl2-ethanol adduct with TiCl4. Cat-1 contains no internal electron donor (ID), Cat-2 contains diethyl phthalate (DEP) as ID, Cat-3 contains anisole as ID, and Cat-4 contains both DEP and anisole as ID. Ethylene copolymerizations with 1-hexene by these catalysts were compared. Influences of the internal electron donor on catalyst activity, copolymer composition, composition distribution, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution were investigated. Cat-3 showed the largest ability of incorporating 1-hexene into copolymer chains among the four catalysts. Each copolymer sample was fractionated into two fractions: fraction soluble in boiling nheptane (HS) and fraction insoluble in boiling n-heptane (HI). 1-Hexene content of the HS fraction is 6~10 times of that in the HI fractions. Amount of the HS fraction of copolymer by Cat-2 and Cat-4 was much lower than that of Cat-1 and Cat-3. Introduction of internal donor to the catalysts, especially diethyl phthalate (DEP), increased the blockiness of HI fractions. The molecular weight of both fractions increased when there is ID in the catalyst. Addition of anisole reduced the difference in molecular weight between HS fraction and HI fraction, but addition of PA enlarged the difference. The results are discussed based on a mechanistic model of MgCl2-supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts.


Zamia huilensis Calonje, Esquivel, & D.W. Stev., a new arborescent species from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia (Department of Huila), is described and illustrated. It is compared to Z. muricata Willd., which has similar leaflet shape, and to Z. tolimensis Calonje, Esquivel & D.W. Stev., with which it shares some reproductive characters. It differs from Z. muricata in having an arborescent trunk, beige-yellow to beige ovulate strobili supported by short peduncles, and microsporangia aggregated into a single group on abaxial side of microsporophyll; it differs from Z. muricata in the subterranean trunk, dark brown to black ovulate strobili supported by long peduncles, and microsporangia separated into two groups on abaxial side of microsporophylls. It differs from Z. tolimensis in having an overall smaller size, leaflets that are not strongly falcate and with margins toothed below the distal half, compared to Z. tolimensis which is a much larger plant, and has strongly falcate leaflets that are not toothed below the distal half.


Accessible online at: www.karger.com/hhe The present issue of Human Heredity contains selected papers from the conference on Current Developments in Statistical Methodology for Genetic Architecture of Complex Diseases in the Mathematical Research Institute Oberwolfach in February 2003. The Oberwolfach conferences are one-week workshops with a series of presentations and, according to the custom of the Mathematical Research Institute, extensive time allocated for scientific discussions. The topics discussed at the conference included statistical population genetics, novel approaches for positional gene identification, statistical modelling of multiple disease loci, haplotype estimation and haplotype association analysis, novel designs for nuclear family studies, whole genome analysis and analysis of large pedigrees. 43 colleagues from Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain and the USA participated. During the five days of the conference, 29 talks and a tutorial on variance component methods were given. We would like to thank the Mathematical Research Institute Oberwolfach for the opportunity to hold this meeting, for free accomodation, and for wonderful hospitality. The well-known 'Oberwolfach atmosphere' of the institute and the spectacular surroundings of the Black Forest, which we explored (in the snow) in the traditional Wednesday afternoon excursion, provided an ideal setting for scientific exchange. We would also like to thank Prof. Jürg Ott and Dr. Derek Gordon and Human Heredity for their support in publishing this special issue and all the authors and referees for their contributions.


This paper describes the results of corpus and experimental investigation into the factors that affect the way clarification questions in dialogue are interpreted, and the way they are responded to. We present some results from an investigation using the BNC which show some general correlations between clarification request type, likelihood of answering, answer type and distance between question and answer. We then describe a new experimental technique for integrating manipulations into text-based synchronous dialogue, and give more specific results concerning the effect of word category and level of grounding on interpretation and response type.


means to combine local creativity and local control of productive resources with the benefits of unity. David Alexander knew only too well that grave warnings and fervent pleas did not resolve the profound historical dilemma which preoccupied him for almost ten years. But he was fortunate, as he well knew, to be one member of a thriving fraternity of scholars who will answer many of the questions raised in his time. In the end he returned to Newfoundland, to the weakening of the island's economic base and its dependent culture. His last essay is a bold advance in his thinking about Newfoundland, and it poses questions relevant to Canada as a whole: a strong economic base was essential to a viable society and culture, but is is possible that influences within that culture operated as independent variables, limiting growth and diversification of the economy. The influences of culture, education and social structure now become central questions in the economic labyrinth of Newfoundland's history, and the art of this modest Daedalus has made it so. His legacy is the beginning of a new economic history for this region of Canada, and a challenge to those who survive him.


In today's hybrid vehicle market, the Toyota Prius drive system is currently considered the leader in electrical, mechanical, and manufacturing innovations. It is significant that in today's marketplace, Toyota is able to manufacture and sell the vehicle for a profit. This project's objective is to test the torque capability of the 2004 Prius motor and to analyze the torque properties relating to the rotor structure. The tested values of no-load back electromotive force (emf) and mechanical losses are also presented.


Law Schools are criticized for not making law students practice ready. This criticism is primarily directed at Law School's emphasis on the caselaw method as the principal means of educating law students, and that method's supposed limitations in developing transactional lawyering skills. Through a review of selected drafting issues that were outcome determinative in a series of recent cases, this paper argues that reading cases is critical to developing transactional drafting skills. The "how to" of drafting skills must be developed and maintained in the context of the "why" of the caselaw method.


SUMMARY In the Statin Therapies for Elevated Lipid Levels compared Across doses to Rosuvastatin (STELLAR) trial, the efficacy of rosuvastatin calcium (Crestor*) was compared with that of atorvastatin (Lipitor †), simvastatin (Zocor‡), and pravastatin (Pravachol§) for lowering plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) after 6 weeks of treatment. In this multicenter, parallel-group, open-label trial, adults with hypercholesterolemia were randomized to treatments with rosuvastatin 10, 20,40, or 80 mg, atorvastatin 10, 20,40, or 80 mg, simvastatin 10,20,40, or 80 mg, or pravastatin 10, 20, or 40 mg. Efficacy and safety results from this trial have been previously published. The additional analyses included in this report show that 53% (83/156) to 80% (125/157) of patients in the rosuvastatin 10- to 40-mg groups achieved LDL-C levels <100 mg dl−1 (<2.6 mmol l−1), compared with 18% (28/158) to 70% (115/165) of patients who received atorvastatin, 8% (13/165) to 53% (86/163) of patients who received simvastatin, and 1% (1/160) to 8% (13/161) of patients who received pravastatin. Other additional analyses showed that more patients in the rosuvastatin 10- to 40-mg groups than in the comparator groups who were at high risk of coronary heart disease according to National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III, Joint European Societies, or Canadian guidelines achieved the LDL-C goals of <100 mg dl−1 (<2.6 mmol l−1) (55% to 77% compared with 0 to 64%), <3.0 mmol l−1 (<116 mg dl−1) (76% to 94% compared with 6% to 81%), and <2.5 mmol l−1 (<97mg dl−1) (47% to 69% compared with 0 to 53%), respectively. Results favoring rosuvastatin versus the comparators were also reported for patients: (a) who had triglycerides >200 mg dl−1 (>2.3 mmol l−1), and achieved both ATP III LDL-C and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) goals (80% to 84% versus 15% to 84%); (b) overall who achieved the Canadian LDL-C goals of <2.5 (<97 mg dl−1) to <5.0 mmol l−1 (< 193mg/dl) (85% to 91% versus 44% to 86%); and (c) who achieved all 3 Canadian goals for LDL-C, triglycerides (<3.0 mmol l−1 [< 266 mg dl−1] to < 2.0 mmol l−1 [<177 g dl−1]), and the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio (<4 to <7) (70% to 83% versus 35% to 79%). * Crestor is a registered trademark of the AstraZeneca group of companies and is licensed to AstraZeneca from Shionogi & Co, Ltd, Osaka, Japan. † Lipitor is a registered trademark of Pfizer Inc. ‡ Zocor is a registered trademark of Merck & Co., Inc. § Pravachol is a registered trademark of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company.


It could be that no people have ever outdone the Chinese in ascribing moral virtues to the state or in deprecating the worth of the individual. First Confucianism and then the Chinese version of Leninism went all out in extolling the importance of rulers and society and in minimizing the rights of individuals. The gap between the moral worth and the recognized rights of state and citizen in China was and remains huge both because of the way the Chinese have consistently given paramountcy to the state and the ways in which they have subordinated the individual to the group. The extraordinary imbalance in the relations of the state and individuals provides both the structural and the cultural bases for the human rights practices which are now the most contentious issues between China and the west, especially the United States. What is outrageous to Americans can be for most Chinese normal expectations – although since Tiananmen a majority may feel that the state has gone too far.


Objective To observe the delayed cardioprotective effect of the extract of Gingkgo biloba leaves(EGb761)and its possible mechanisms in rats.Methods Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury was induced by 30 min of global ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion in isolated rat hearts.Heart rate(HR),coronary flow(CF),left ventricular pressure(LVP),and its first derivatives(+dp/dtmax)were recorded,and the releasing content of creatine kinase(CK),contents of malondialdehyde(MDA)and nitric oxide(NO)in myocardial tissues were measured.Results Single ig EGb761(50 or 100 mg/kg)at 24 h before I/R were done could significantly attenuate the damage of cardiac function(LVP and +dp/dtmax)and the lowering of NO level in myocardial tissues,and inhibit the increasing in CK release and MDA level induced by I/R in myocardial tissues.The delayed cardioprotective effects of EGb761 were markedly inhibited by pretreatment with L-NAME(5 mg/kg),an inhibitor of NO synthase,or HMR1883(3 mg/kg),an antagonist of sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium channels(sarcKATP).Conclusion Pretreatment with EGb761 could protect against I/R-induced myocardial injury in rats,and the delayed cardioprotection of EGb761 may be related to increasing in NO production and opening of sarcKATP.


Many Pseudamnicola species have been found in the Aegean Islands reported by Szarowska et al. (2015) and Radea et al. (2015), all regional endemic. We found an additional Pseudamnicola from the island of Limnos and described this species here as new for science. The holotype and two paratypes are depicted in addition to the penis, which is characteristic for the genus Pseudamnicola. A map of all hitherto mentioned Pseudamnicola taxa is given.


11� modulation.� 12� 13� Abstract 14� 15� A central goal of neuroscience is to determine how the brain's relatively static anatomy can support 16� dynamic cortical function, i.e., cortical function that varies according to task demands. In pursuit of 17� this goal, scientists have produced a large number of experimental results and established influential 18� conceptual frameworks, in particular communication-through-coherence (CTC) and gating-by- 19� inhibition (GBI), but these data and frameworks have not provided a parsimonious view of the 20�


Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, and representing 31% of all global deaths according to WHO. So, this study may be useful to detect the risk factors of CVDs and how to prevent them to help in reducing the rate of deaths due to these diseases. Aim: To estimate the prevalence of CVD risk factors in Hail region, Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: The study was carried out through an observational cross-sectional study on 300 participants from Hail region including both genders (females 231 [77%] & males 69 [23%]) with age group range from 18 years-old and above. The study was conducted using an electronic questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using Software Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 23. Results: The highest risk factor for CVDs was obesity, the total number of overweight, obese and extremely obese was 171 (57%) which was more pronounced with peoples at the age of 31-45 Original Research Article Shahin et al.; JPRI, 33(19B): 22-32, 2021; Article no.JPRI.66807 23 years old. Other risk factors that were found in our participants were hypertension (8.3%), diabetes mellitus(DM, 7.3%),family history of diseases (80.4%), consuming insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables (62.7%), always drinking coffee (60.9%), physical inactivity (34.7%), consuming fast foods more than one time per week (32.4%) and smoking 10.3%.We can conclude that many risk factors for CVDs were prevalent among Hail population either non modifiable (family history of diseases) or modifiable (obesity, physical inactivity, fast foods, insufficient amounts of fruits and vegetables) showed a considerable percentage which needs awareness programs for Hail population.


<jats:p>Mass data processing and complex problem solving have higher and higher demands for performance of multiprocessor systems. Many multiprocessor systems have interconnection networks as underlying topologies. The interconnection network determines the performance of a multiprocessor system. The network is usually represented by a graph where nodes (vertices) represent processors and links (edges) represent communication links between processors. For the network <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>, two vertices <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>u</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>v</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> are said to be connected if there is a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7"><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>u</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>v</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>-path in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M8"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>. If <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M9"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> has exactly one component, then <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M10"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> is connected; otherwise <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M11"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> is disconnected. In the system where the processors and their communication links to each other are likely to fail, it is important to consider the fault tolerance of the network. For a connected network <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M12"><mml:mi>G</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mi>V</mml:mi><mml:mo>,</mml:mo><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>, its inverse problem is that <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M13"><mml:mi>G</mml:mi><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:math> is disconnected, where <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M14"><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mo>⊆</mml:mo><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:math> or <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M15"><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mo>⊆</mml:mo><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:math>. The connectivity or edge connectivity is the minimum number of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M16"><mml:mrow><mml:mfenced open="|" close="|" separators="|"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:mfenced></mml:mrow></mml:math>. Connectivity plays an important role in measuring the fault tolerance of the network. As a topology structure of interconnection networks, the expanded <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M17"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-ary <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M18"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-cube <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M19"><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math> has many good properties. In this paper, we prove that (1) <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M20"><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math> is super edge-connected (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M21"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">3</mml:mn></mml:math>); (2) the restricted edge connectivity of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M22"><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math> is <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M23"><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">8</mml:mn><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">2</mml:mn></mml:math> (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M24"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">3</mml:mn></mml:math>); (3) <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M25"><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>n</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>k</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:math> is super restricted edge-connected (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M26"><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>≥</mml:mo><mml:mn mathvariant="normal">3</mml:mn></mml:math>).</jats:p>


To study the non-intellectual factors in the modern ideological and political education,in theory we can broaden the field of the modern ideological and political education,in practice we can strengthen the effect of it.Specifically,it means "Four Helps":to help heighten the science of the modern ideological and political education;to help improve the methods of it;to help enhance the effect of the modern ideological and political education;to help increase the quality of the modern ideological and political educators.


Preface Part one: What Style Is: Good and Bad Writing Chapter 1: Voices You Want To Listen To: Elements of Written Voice Voice and the Sound Qualities of Writing Voice and the Writing Situation Grammar and Voice Diction and Voice Avoiding Discriminatory Language A Gallery of Voices Points to Remember Chapter 2: Voices That Put You Off: Common Modes of Bad Writing The Professional Terror The Creative Genius The Sleepwalker The Clunker Points To Remember Chapter 3: Two Common Problems: Overwriting and Underwriting Eliminating Deadwood How Much Cutting Is Enough? Varieties of Deadwood Verbal Filler Authorspeak Overexplaining A Caution Against Underwriting Points To Remember Part Two: Accurate, Effective Word Choice Chapter 4: Finding the Right Words: What's in a Name? A World of Words Types of Diction Formal and Informal Words General and Particular Words Abstract and Concrete Words Long and Short Words Learned and Commonplace Words Points To Remember Chapter 5: Finding Fresh Words: Cliches, Usage, Quoting, Figurative Language Cliches Beat a Hasty Retreat Usage Cranks and Usage Demons Some Notes on Quoting Figurative Language Points To Remember Part Three: Clear Subjects and Lively Verbs Chapter 6: Subjects and Predicates Subjects Standard Sentence Order and "You-Understood" Subjects in Dependent Clauses Types of Dependent Clauses Coordinate Clauses Predicates Multiple Predicates and Predicates in Dependent Clauses Points To Remember Chapter 7: Naming Definite Actors and Actions Naming Definite Actors Avoiding Indefinite Actors The Problem of Nominalizations Naming Definite Actions Avoiding Weak Verbs: to be Other Weak Verbs Unnecessary Auxiliaries Unnecessary Passive Verbs Keeping Actors and Actions Together Points To Remember Part Four: Making Connections: Coherence and Emphasis Chapter 8: Coherence: Making Sentences Connect Maintaining Related Grammatical Subjects Patterns of Old and New Information Reinforcing Coherence with Transitional Devices Reinforcing Coherence with Coordinate Structures Reinforcing Coherence with Subordinate Structures Points To Remember Chapter 9: Assigning Emphasis Nuclear Emphasis Coming to a Good End Nuclear Stress in Lesser Breath Units A Note on Punctuation Patterns of Emphasis Using Grammatical Transformations To Shift Emphasis Emphasis Through Grammatical Bulk Points To Remember Part Five: Changing the Pace: Rhythmic and Grammatical Variety Chapter 10: Controlling Rhythm Sentence Rhythms Types of Breath Units Avoiding Overlong Breath Units Using Breath Units to Control Rhythm Using Stress to Control Rhythm Using Long and Short Words to Control Rhythm Points To Remember Chapter 11: Grammatical Variety How Sentences Become Complex Grammatical Variety in Context Varying Sentence Structure with Nominals Varying Sentence Structure with Adjectivals Varying Sentence Structure with Adverbials Varying Sentence Structure with Parallel Construction Grammatical Emphasis Points To Remember Part Six: Quick Fixes Chapter 12: Rules of Thumb Start most sentences with the subject Make your subjects definitely named actors Make your verbs name definite actions Write mostly in independent clauses Keep subjects and verbs close together Keep verbs and complements close together Use single verbs with multiple subjects. Use single subjects with multiple verbs. Favor the active voice Choose positive rather than negative constructions Focus each sentence on the ideas expressed by the subject and predicate Mix long and short sentences End sentences with a bang, not a whimper Points To Remember Appendix A: A Brief Dictionary of Usage Appendix B: Alphabetical Guide to Punctuation Appendix C: Glossary


Primary treatment of domestic wastewater represents an extensive range of physical and chemical activities which directly or indirectly affect functionality of the treatment plant as a whole. The aforementioned effect might be rather significant in many respects. However, an incorrectly designed or operated primary treatment might result in an unnecessary increase of operating costs and, principally, a negative impact on the biological level or sludge treatment and disposal. The subject matter of this contribution comprises contemplations related to functionality of this level, both with respect to its relation to functionality of wastewater treatment plant and the matter of created waste in case of which disposal has become more and more expensive and complicated. The measurement results show that sewage sand from different wastewater treatment plants contains different amount of organic material 1.19-82%. The content of the organic material relates to the content of microorganisms which oscillated in a range of 1.53×10 4 -7.34×10 6 CFU/g for coliform bacteria including Escherichia coli, 5.57×10 1 -4.36×10 4 CFU/g for enterococci, and 3.13×10 2 -2.19×10 5 CFU/g for faecal coliform bacteria.


Computer experiments are increasingly used in scientific investigations as substitutes for physical experiments in cases where the latter are difficult or impossible to perform. A computer experiment consists of several runs of a computer model or "code" for the purpose of better understanding the input → output relationship. One practical difficulty in the use of these models is that a single run may require a prohibitive amount of computational resources in some situations. A recent approach uses statistical approximations as less expensive surrogates for such computer codes; these provide both point predictors and uncertainty characterization of the outputs. A widely used class of computer codes is the finite-difference solvers of differential equations, which produce multivariate output (e.g., time series). The finite-difference relationship underpins the statistical model proposed here, and we show that this strategy has clear computational and accuracy advantages over a direct multivariate extension of the popular scalar modeling methodology.


to catch up with the times. The latest and perhaps most significant developments in programing are concerned with three things: psychiatric and psychological services for treating offenders; prerelease centers (although preparing prisoners for release is as old as parole) ; and the increasing reliance of prison administrators on volunteer citizen help to supplement their own personnel. On the whole, correction in America has progressed from a &dquo;machinegun penology,&dquo; under which security was the entirety of every prison program, to a penology which uses another kind of ammunition-security, work, vocational and academic training, medical care, family welfare, athletics, hobbies, and entertainment -all in the hope that, through these &dquo;programs&dquo; of rehabilitation, something may rub off on convicted criminals. And something undoubtedly does rub off. However, this &dquo;shotgun penology&dquo; has not proved very effective. It is too overloaded to justify the expenses of time, energy, and personnel needed to maintain it. Perhaps someday a more effective type, more precise and realistic, will be developed ; it will be a penology that relies


FIELD: medicine, pharmaceutics. SUBSTANCE: there are described new isatin-5-sulphonamide derivatives of general formula or their physiologically acceptable salts, wherein R represents phenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, tetrahydropyranyl, diazine or triazolyl methyl optionally substituted by one C 1-6 alkyl, which can be additionally substituted by one halogen; R' represents phenyl optionally substituted by one or two halogens, or triazolyl optionally substituted by one C 1-6 alkyl which can be additionally substituted by one halogen; provided R means phenyl, R' represents optionally substituted triazolyl, pharmaceutical compositions containing the above derivatives, using them as molecular imaging agents, using them in diagnosing or treating diseases or disorders related to apoptosis dysregulation, methods for synthesis of the above derivatives, methods for molecular imaging of caspase activity and apoptosis, and methods for assessing the therapeutic exposure of the analysed compound on caspase activity. EFFECT: new isatin-5-sulphonamide derivatives are described. 27 cl, 26 dwg, 4 tbl, 11 ex


Eye detection has a signiflcant in∞uence on human-machine interfaces. In this paper, we propose a novel highly-efiective eye detection method that is based on the red-eye efiect and A‐ne-SIFT (ASIFT) algorithms. The proposed method includes the optical design for the device and the algorithm design. The optical design uses a beam splitter and fllters to attain more advantageous images for eye detection. The algorithm design involves processing the images locally to the eyes. The combination of this device and algorithm permits the accurate detection of eye location. Difierent experiments, carried out on images of subjects with difierent faces, some of them wearing glasses, demonstrate that the proposed approach is not only robust but also quite e‐cient.


This article presents the results of an international survey of regulatory submission trends. Participants from various industries, including those from biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical firms, responded to questions regarding the use of electronic technologies, the importance of electronic document management systems, the use of outsource vendors, compliance with 21 CFR Part 11, and their plans for adapting the electronic common technical document submissions process.


This book examines zina (adultery) laws in Indonesia, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan and Turkey, as well as in their broader historical context within the Islamic legal tradition, in order to explore connections between the criminalisation of sexuality, gender-based violence and women's rights activism.

"It is most timely that this publication should emerge when issues of culture and human rights are being debated in many venues in the international arena: within the United nations; in national and transnational, mainstream and alternative media outlets; and across social and political movements."
(Farida Shaheed, UN Independent Expert on Cultural Rights)


It is an urgent task for colleges to cultivate high quality students,and the development of art education in colleges will have a direct effect on the success of it.Music education is commonly considered to be a major means of art education in colleges because of its particularity.This paper makes an investigation into music education of students of six colleges in Urumqi city.The investigation shows that the phenomenon is very popular that modern college students lack music knowledge and have a low level of music education.Therefore,this paper believes that it is of great urgency to develop and enhance music quality education in colleges.


Background: It is not known whether plasma amino acids levels are different between young and old men and women in Japan. No studies have been reported whether protein uptakes influence plasma levels of amino acids, lipids, insulin and glucose. Methods: Self-administered diet history questionnaires were given to young, old men and women. Bood samples were taken early morning to determine plasma levels of various factors. Results: Women and old people had lower plasma levels of most of amino acids, especially essential and branched-chain amino acids than men and young people. The uptakes of total, animal or vegetable proteins did not affect plasma levels of total amino acids. The uptakes of total protein did not affect plasma levels of lipids (triglycerides (TG), or LDL cholesterol) except for young men and old women whose plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol increased upon the uptake of total protein. Plasma levels of BCAAs did not affect plasma levels of insulin, glucose, or lipids. Increase in plasma BCAAs levels results in increase in plasma insulin levels. Conclusion: old people or women have lower plasma levels of essential amino acids and BCAAs than young people or women, respectively. Increase in plasma levels of BCAAs increased only plasma levels of insulin, no increase being shown in plasma levels of glucose, TG, HDL-and LDL-cholesterol. In healthy men and women, the metabolisms of BCAAs and their effects on glucose homeostasis are not impaired. Abbreviations: AAs: Amino acids; BCAAs: Branched-chain amino acids; TG: Triglycerides: HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Lowdensity lipoprotein Introduction Amino acids are important factors involved in the metabolism of proteins in all the tissues. A number of studies have indicated that branched -chain amino acids (BCAAs) such as leucine, isoleucine and valine are important in the regulation of protein synthesis [1]. Unlike other essential amino acids, BCAAs are degraded in skeletal muscle, and their circulating levels are higher postprandially [2], thus may influence glucose homeostasis. Branched-chain amino acids concentrations have been shown to be elevated in response to overnutrition and can affect insulin sensitivity and secretion [3]. Number of human studies have consistently indicated that concentrations of BCAAs in plasma and urine are associated with insulin resistance [4-7]. We recently examined relationship between various foods uptakes and body mass index (BMI) and various plasma parameters in Japanese young and old men and women [8]. We now report plasma levels of amino acids and their changes upon protein uptakes in young and old men and women in Japan. Ethics This work has been approved by the Ethical committees of Showa Women's University and NPO "International projects on food and health" and has been carried out in accordance with The Code of Correspondence to: Takada A, International Projects on Food and Health (NPO), Sumida-ku Ishiwara 1-30-6-802, Tokyo 130-0011, Japan, Tel: 81338291849; Fax: 81338291847; E-mail: email@example.com


Information retrieval methods represent query results in a ranked, one dimensional list without revealing connections among documents and document groups. We propose a new model of document representation and extend the notion of similarity to consider document length and word synonyms to organize documents into topically relevant groups. Matches to a user query are presented in an intuitive, interactive map that facilitates browsing information and finding the most relevant matches within the overall landscape of results. Current research is aimed at finding the best metric to group documents, and in defining the visual model. Our system, named GIST, is built using the PREFUSE toolkit for graphical display [1].


Abstract:Diabetes Mellitus is one of the diseases that can cause complications for patients if neglected and is one of the causes of most death cases in Indonesia. This study aims to build a website-based system to help monitor nutrition for DM patients through 24 hours food recall (24HFR). The 24HFR system will integrate the roles of nurses and nutritionists in hospitals to understand patient eating behaviour and formulate nutrition education for patients. This system is built based on the SDLC stages, from the needs analysis stage to testing and implementing the program. The usability test results using SEQ show that health workers can easily use the website-based 24HFR system.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether predicting factors of conventional ventures' performance are appropriate in interpreting the creative industries context. Moreover, this paper introduces a way to measure venture performance in creative industries.,A structured questionnaire was used to address this research objectives, based mainly on scales tested in previous studies. Data were collected from a sample of 371 female entrepreneurs of creative industries. A hierarchical linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the research hypotheses.,In congruence with the hypotheses, the findings demonstrated that venture performance in creative industries can be predicted by factors that affect conventional venture performance. Creative personality and professional network ties are regarded according to the empirical analysis presented in this paper as the factors with the highest impact.,Data were pulled from female entrepreneurs in Greece, especially from the two biggest cities Athens and Thessaloniki. Consequently, it was precarious to fulfill the condition of generalizability. Additionally, a snowball sampling method was used, because of the absence of creative industries firms' directory in Greece.,Based on authors' knowledge and review, no prior study has examined predictors' effect on creative industries venture performance.


In this paper we prove the existence of a generalized solution of the initial value problem ${{\partial u} / {\partial t}} = {\partial / {\partial x}}\Phi (u,{{\Sigma (u)} / {\partial x}})$ ; $u(x,0) = u_0 (x)$ and the uniqueness of such a solution under certain conditions.


Christopher Dawson recently pointed out that "the average Englishman knows nothing of the great age of free Eastern Europe," When Hungary, Poland and Bohemia were constitutional monarchies and their political life was similar to that of England and Aragon and their culture was closely related to that of Western Europe (Understanding Europe, pp. 86-87). Concerning more recent times, Thomas G. Masaryk remarked, "The Allies knew less than we about Austria-Hungary, and they were totally unacquainted with the complicated racial and economic conditions in Eastern Europe" (Making of a State, p. 335). Of late, the Western world's interest in eastern Europe has increased greatly. The importance of eastern central Europe for the West has been recognized all the more because it has temporarily disappeared as a part of the European community. One of the results of this situation is an abundance of publications dealing with contemporary political problems in eastern central Europe, but there is still a scarcity of comprehensive works containing reliable interpretation of past events. Professor Halecki's book is an important contribution in filling the gap between the interest in the present situation of eastern central Europe and the available knowledge of its history. As a teacher of eastern European 'history for many years, the author realized that in the area east of Germany, Byzantine, Ottoman and Russian history have been adequately treated by Western scholars, but litle attention has been paid to the countries lying between these empires and Germany. He correctly states that, despite great diversity in this critical zone of Europe, the region as a whole represents a distinct unity and occupies a special place in the development of mankind. Other than monographs, treating special problems or limited areas in eastern central Europe, little endeavor had been made until now to cover the complicated history of this vast region.


Summary We take a fresh perspective on an old idea and create an alternate way to answer the question: where should we stand in front of an image in two-point perspective to view it correctly? We review known geometric and algebraic techniques, then use the cross ratio to derive a simple algebraic formula and a technique that makes use of slopes on a perspective grid.


The effect of cationic surfactant (CPC) on the oxidation of D-Xylose by N-bromophthalimide in the presence of acidic medium at 308 K has been studied. The order of reaction with respect to [D-Xylose] was found to be fractional. First and negative fractional order with respect to [oxidant] and [H] was found respectively. The presence of inorganic salts (KCl, KBr) exhibits a severe hike in the reaction rate. Retardation effect of phthalimide has also been studied. Mercuric acetate as scavenger in the temperature range of 298-318 K has been reported. The rate of reaction decreased with an increase in dielectric constant of the medium. The effect of cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) has been studied. CPC retards the rate of reaction. Thermodynamic and activation parameters have been evaluated. Stoichiometry and Product analysis has been studied. A suitable mechanism in conformity with the kinetic data has been proposed.


The term 'Galton's fallacy' has more than one meaning. Usages of the term starting with Francis Galton are reviewed. Recently the term has been used to denote problems encountered when the neoclassical convergence model is tested in a cross-section of country GNP histories (Barrow-Baumol regressions). M. Friedman and D. Quah independently identify problems which they separately call Galton's fallacy. Friedman and Quah mean different things by the term. Once the nature of various Galton fallacies have been clarified, it is possible to elucidate some issues of econometric estimation that may be encountered in economic convergence regression estimation. Copyright 1999 by Royal Economic Society.


OBJECTIVE
To explore differences in costs and lengths of stay for cancer patients admitted to National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers, nondesignated academic medical centers, and community hospitals in New York State.

DATA SOURCES
We use patient-level data from the New York State Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System Hospital Inpatient Discharges dataset for the years 2017-2019.

STUDY DESIGN
We employ ordinary least squares and Poisson regressions to compare hospital costs and length of stay for cancer patients, controlling for hospital type, patient demographics, and patient health. Our key outcomes are differences in costs and lengths of stay.

DATA COLLECTION
We use data on patient demographics, total treatment costs, and lengths of stay for patients discharged from New York hospitals with cancer-related diagnoses between 2017 and 2019.

PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
We determine that inpatient costs were 27% higher (95% CI 0.252, 0.285), but length of stay was 12% shorter (95% CI -0.131, -0.100), in Comprehensive Cancer Centers relative to community hospitals.

CONCLUSIONS
The results imply that, in New York State, Comprehensive Cancer Centers are a magnet for more complex oncology cases and administer more expensive treatments. That expertise, however, seems to be responsible for more efficient care delivery and thorough discharge planning, allowing for shorter average lengths of stay.


Fusion has a wide spectrum of applications that appear technically possible and may become economically feasible. Near-term (approx. 2000) application for production of nuclear fuels and useful radioisotopes is an economically attractive possibility as soon as fusion is ready. Electricity production will remain a prime, large-scale application of fusion. In the longer term, as fossil fuels dwindle, production of hydrogen could become a major application. Additional applications some of which have not even been conceived of yet, will add to this potential richness and diversity of fusion. It is the purpose of the fusion applications study - FMAE - to innovate, investigate, and evaluate these potential applications.


DELAYS TO PUBLIC TRANSPORT AT PEAK HOURS AT AN INTERSECTION HAVE BEEN REDUCED BY ABOUT 50 PERCENT BY MODIFYING THE PHASE ORDER OF TRAFFIC SIGNALS TO GIVE TWO GREEN PER CYCLE IN THE DIRECTION USED BY BUSES AND TRAMS; AN ADDITIONAL REDUCTION OF ABOUT 25 PERCENT IN AVERAGE TRAM DELAY HAS BEEN ACHIEVED BY EXTENDING THE TRAM GREEN WITH DETECTORS. /TEC/


We numerically investigate orbital evolution of star clusters (SCs) under the influence of dynamical friction by field stars of their host disc galaxies embedded in dark matter haloes. We find that SCs with masses larger than ∼2 x 10 5 M ⊙ can show significant orbital decay within less than 1 Gyr due to dynamical friction by disc field stars in galaxies with disc masses (M d ) less than 10 9 M ⊙ . We also find that orbital decay of SCs due to dynamical friction is more remarkable in disc galaxies with smaller M d and higher mass ratios of discs to dark matter haloes. The half-number radii (R h,sc ) and mean masses within R h,sc of the SC systems (SCSs) in low-mass disc galaxies with M d ≤ 10 9 M ⊙ are found to evolve significantly with time owing to dynamical friction of SCs. More massive SCs that can spiral-in to the central regions of discs can form multiple SCSs with smaller velocity dispersions so that they can merge with one another to form single stellar nuclei with their masses comparable to ∼0.4 per cent of their host disc masses. Based on these results, we suggest that luminosity functions for more massive globular clusters (GCs) with masses larger than 2 x 10 5 M⊙ can steepen owing to transformation of the more massive GCs into single stellar nuclei through GC merging in less luminous galaxies. We also suggest that the half-number radii of GC systems can evolve owing to dynamical friction only for galaxies with their total masses smaller than ∼10 10 M⊙.


A in a carrier aggregation, provides a method of determining the priority rule for periodic CSI reporting. A in carrier aggregation, the method of determining the priority rule for periodic CSI reporting is proposed. In a multi-carrier radio communication network, UE, for the plurality of downlink component carriers (CC), to obtain channel state information (CSI). Each downlink CC is associated with the feedback mode, the feedback mode, the time slots set by the upper layer, comprising a set of feedback type is reported to the base station. The UE may then at a given time slot, based on the priority level of the transmitted feedback type for each downlink CC, to determine a preferred downlink CC of CSI reports. The UE may then at a given time slot, the feedback channel of the primary uplink CC, transmits the corresponding CSI feedback preferred downlink CC. In one embodiment, becomes the group in priority order different feedback types, each group has several feedback type which share the same priority. .The