The dynamic interaction between network topologies, optical transmission systems and optical fiber designs has fuelled an impressive evolution of the optical communications industry. In this work we will reflect briefly on the evolution of telecommunications systems in order to identify the fundamental triggers. An understanding of these triggers can potentially enable early prediction of the next wave of optical fiber innovations and their respective impact back into systems and networks.


The frequency of angioimmunoblast-cell T-cell lymphoma (AITL) takes the second place among peripheral T-cell lymphomas. And it is 2-4 % of all lymphomas. AITL is characterized with aggressive course and unfavorable prognosis. A tumor microenvironment is playing the most important role in clinical and pathological features of AITL. Probably, it can be explained by the origin of these tumors from follicular T-cells helpers, which produce cytokines and molecules of cellular adhesion. The approaches to pathogenetic therapy by AITL have being worked out nowadays. The further investigation on AITL biology and researches of new therapeutic targets can help to improve the response to the treatment and prognosis of patients with AITL.


Anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the presence of autoantibody (AAb) to phospholipid (PL)-binding proteins, such as β2-glycoprotein I (β2GPI), and clinical manifestations including thrombosis and/or recurrent pregnancy loss. β2GPI-reactive T cells are clearly implicated in the generation of these AAb, but the mechanism responsible for their activation remains unclear. We hypothesized that immunization of mice with human β2GPI, in the context of a potent innate immune activator lipopolysaccharide (LPS), would generate not only high titers of anti-PL AAb, but also a strong β2GPI-specific T cell response. Healthy, nonautoimmune C57BL/6 mice were immunized repeatedly with human β2GPI in the presence of LPS. High titers of anti-PL to β2GPI appeared after the second immunization, with T cell reactivity to β2GPI detectable only after the fourth immunization. Splenic T cells from these mice proliferated in response to native β2GPI, alone or bound to anionic PL. These T cells produced IL-2 and IFN-γ, but not IL-4 or IL-10, indicating a Th1 bias of the β2GPI-specific response. These findings suggest that T cells responsive to β2GPI may become activated in APS patients by exposure to their cognate Ag in the context of innate immune activation and a pro-inflammatory environment.


The aim of this paper is to present an Educational Adaptive Hypermedia Tool, PCMAT, Based on Progressive Assessment and adapted to the student model and learning style. The adaptation of the application is based on progressive self-assessment (exercises, tasks, etc.). The learning platform was already implemented, tested and evaluated in learning processes in Basic Schools. Also, the paper defines and evaluates the characteristic of the User Model to be used in the Student Modeling.


Electric variable RPM rotors are increasingly being used for propulsion and control of unmanned air vehicles. As these vehicles scale to carry heavier payloads of 50 to 400 lbs (20 to 180 kgs) in the group 2 and 3 UAS category, there are concerns about their aerodynamic performance and handling quality degradation. First, a universal electric powered experimental testing rig designed for use on a hover tower and in a wind tunnel is described. Second, steady hover data is estimated using blade element momentum theory. These predictions incorporate an empirical correction approach and an interpolation approach to capture Reynolds number variation along the span of the blade and variation with RPM. Results show good agreement with the interpolation method for the low Reynolds number rotor tested. Finally, transient step and chirp inputs are presented. The chirp inputs were used in CIFER to validate the results of the experiment and fit transfer functions of thrust and torque due to RPM and RPM2.


This article presents some statistical data about the economic conditions of various Asian countries and territories, and discusses the current status and problems of roads in South East Asia. For each of 16 countries, a table gives: (1) total length of roads (km); (2) total length of paved roads (km); (3) total length of road in metres per head; (4) total length of road per area (m/sqkm); (5) pavement ratio (%); and (6) year of information (usually 1983). There is a strong correlation between the road provision and economic condition of each country. Hong Kong and Singapore have high values of total length of road per area, and have pavement ratios exceeding 90%. Laos and Bangladesh have pavement ratios below 10%. When discussions are held on the road problems of South East Asia, its countries are classified into four groups, depending on their economic condition: (1) motorisation not yet fully developed, and improved road networks needed for rapid economic growth; (2) relatively developed rail network needed; (3) motorisation developed, and many new major roads needed; and (4) fully established transport infrastructure, high standard roads, and severe congestion and traffic safety problems. Priority needs vary accordingly.


Aim: To appreciate the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of breast cancer.Methods: Collecting 190 cases(193) of breast cancer proved by surgery and pathology,and retrospective analysis of two-dimensional color Doppler examination focused on analyzing the echo of the mammary tumor characteristics,tumor size,shape,borders,echo back,vertical and horizontal,micro-calcification,and whether or not coated blood flow of mass,axillary lymph nodes.Results: In 193 breast cancer cases,there are the irregular mass of 169,154 border unclear,uneven internal echo 162,no capsule 179,135 rear echo attenuation,the v/h ratio 1,111,micro calcification 86,metasasis of axillary lymph node 83,179 mass inside and around the blood flow and signal detected,147 RI ≥ 0.7.Conclusion:Ultrasonic characteristics of breast cancer are specific,the correct diagnosis rate of breast cancer can be raised by use of combination of two-dimensional ultrasound and color doppler flowimaging.


50 type II diabetics with secondary failure of a sulfonylurea (SU) treatment have been included in a randomised controlled trial by assigning them either to a Metformin + SU or insulin + SU treatment. At study entry the metabolic control of patients had to be insufficient, as demonstrated by increased fasting or postprandial plasma glucose levels (greater than 130 resp. greater than 180 mg/100 ml). The study lasted for a period of 12 months in which a Metformin treatment of 850, 1,700 or 2,550 mg/day or an insulin therapy of 12-40 IU was added to the existing maximal dose of SU. Both the Metformin and the insulin dosage were adapted to the response of metabolic control. Parameters of metabolic control and security were monitored regularly every two months. 16 patients in the Metformin + SU-group and 19 patients in the insulin + SU-group were observed for the total study period of 12 months. In both groups there was a similar development of metabolic parameters. Stimulated C-peptide reduced in both groups indicating an increase of peripheral insulin sensitivity under both treatment regimes.


This report describes a method for the estimation of the curing process of thermosets used for plastic-encapsulated ICs. This method consists of a thermal analysis by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and an analysis of non-stationary heat conduction using the finite element method (FEM) coupled with the rate of heat evolution. The formula of the rate of heat evolution deduced from the DSC data could not be directly applied to the analysis because the thermodynamic conditions in DSC were not exactly the same as that in molding process, so that a state-dependent variable α were newly introduced to correct the formula. The temperature profiles at four positions in the cavity during cure were measured with CA-thermocouples. The α was determined by inverse solution of the FEM with the measured temperatures. The obtained variation of α is expressed by a function of time after the end of filling process and the conversion of resin. With making use of the α in the calculations of temperature, the predicted temperature profiles compare reasonably well with the experimental results. It is found that this method gives propriety of curing analysis including the effect of process parameters of α to estimate the solidification front.


The jury system, which has had a long history and evolved continually up to the present, has been playing an important power to promote democracy of justice. As the essence of spirit on the democracy of justice aims at different connotation of context at different stages of history, Jury system should be changed and improved according to the spirit of the times on the democracy of justice. As a result of differences between countries and other differences in conditions, the jury system—as the protection of the democratic jury system should be designed in line with local conditions. The current Chinese jury system should be retained, but it should be reformed in the scope and way of application, the rules of selection of jurors and the rights and obligations, etc.


This tropological analysis of "On the Equality of the Sexes" (1790) argues that Judith Sargent Murray deployed a series of ironic reversals, including an example of Kenneth Burke's "dialectical" irony, to make her famous case for women's capacity to reason. As such, the article elucidates this trope's peculiar rhetorical potential within the context of eighteenth-century debates on female education and investigates how it can function in conjunction with romantic irony. Significantly, Murray deployed romantic irony in order to question her era's commonplace ideas about women's intellectual capacities and conventional female education. She then employed dialectical irony in order to sidestep relativism, playing off and departing from the expanded field of possibilities that romantic irony opened up. In so doing, she cast doubt upon commonly held doubts themselves, questioning the subversiveness normally associated with learned ladies. Through this series of ironic turns, readers were invited to change their previous beliefs and then presented with a clear means of moving forward—thereby opening a path for elite European American girls to be educated in traditionally masculine domains.


Serum‐prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels have been used for many years as a biomarker for prostate cancer. This usage is under scrutiny due to the fact that elevated PSA levels can be caused by other conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and infections of or injury to the prostate. As a result, the identification of specific pathogens capable of increasing serum levels of PSA is important. A potential candidate responsible for elevated PSA is human herpesvirus 8 (HHV‐8). We have reported previously that HHV‐8 is capable of infecting and establishing a latent infection in the prostate. In this current study we test the hypothesis that HHV‐8 infection is associated with elevated PSA levels. Circulating cytokine levels between men with elevated PSA and controls are also compared.


Irving John Good was born in London on December 9, 1916. He attended the Haberdashers' "secondary" School, distinguishing himself as a mathematical prodigy, and then entered Jesus College at Cambridge University in 1935. He studied under G. H. Hardy and A. S. Besicovitch, obtaining his Ph.D. in 1941, and was the Cambridgeshire chess champion in 1939. Then he was called into World War II service as a cryptanalyst at Bletchley Park, working partly as the main statistician in teams led by Alan Turing and, later, by the British chess champion C. H. O'D. Alexander and by M. H. A. Newman. The work employed early electromagnetic and electronic computers and applied Bayesian statistics relevant to reading the two main secret ciphers used by the German Army and Navy, providing crucial intelligence to the Allies. After the war, Good taught briefly at Manchester University and made a few suggestions for the electronic computer project. He was then drawn back into classified work for the British government. During that time he obtained an Sc.D. from Cambridge and a D.Sc. from Oxford. In 1967 he came to the United States, becoming a University Distinguished Professor at Virginia Polytechnic Institute. Officially he retired in 1994, but in practice he can be found at work late in the day when the snow isn't deep. Jack Good has made fundamental contributions to mathematics, physics, computer science, philosophy and especially statistics. In his free moments, he amuses himself with chess, Go, grammar, kudology, botryology and whimsical acts of creative intelligence. He's written on the order of 800 papers (counting is difficult because publications vary in dignity, from a note to a seminal paper) and four books (one joint), and he conceived and was the general editor of The Scientist Speculates: An Anthology of Partly-Baked Ideas, in which famous researchers outlined pet ideas on the border of current scientific thought. To statisticians, Good is chiefly famous as a pioneer of Bayesianism, especially hierarchical, and of the Bayes/non-Bayes compromise. He is an innovator with contingency tables, the co-discoverer of the fast Fourier transform, the rediscoverer and developer of penalized likelihood procedures, the developer of an empirical Bayes idea of A. M. Turing and a fundamental contributor to theories of explaDavid L. Banks is Associate Professor, Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. nation, the dendroidal classification of kinds of probability, and the philosophy of statistics. When I visited him on December 23, 1993, his office was large, dark and very crowded. Overhead, an enormous suspended three-dimensional reticulum with peculiar periodic cavities canopied the room (it had come to him in a dream). A different contribution to mathematical art, Dioximoirékinesis, on permanent exhibition at the Exploratorium in San Francisco, was built to his specification by Martine Vite, an artist whom he met in a café (because there was only one seat available). Below the reticulum, scrawled calculations contested for space among heaps of books, journals, notebooks and letters; even the vertical surfaces were awash with mathematical notes and cartoons. All chairs (including his own) had been conscripted to serve as auxiliary desks, and the computer and typewriter were layered with papers. One got the impression of a teeming jungle ecology, with each organism competing for the constraining resource of I. J. Good's


A 3D porous carbon framework embedded with uniform Ag nanoparticles (ADPCF) is fabricated by a one-step chemical blowing process. The ADPCF electrode exhibits great cycling stability for over 2500 h (1250 cycles) with small hysteresis.


. The question of stability of steady spherical accretion has been studied for many years and, recently, the concept of spatial instability has been introduced. Here we study perturbations of steady spherical accretion flows (Bondi solutions), restricting ourselves to the case of self-similar flow, as a case amenable to analytic treatment and with physical interest. We further restrict ourselves to its acoustic perturbations. The radial perturbation equation can be solved in terms of Bessel functions. We study the formulation of adequate boundary conditions and decide for no matter-flux-perturbation conditions (at the Bondi radius and at r = 0). We also consider the problem of initial conditions and time evolution, in particular, of radial perturbations. No spatial instability at r = 0 is found. The time evolution is such that perturbations eventually become ergodic-like and show no trace of instability or of acquiring any remarkable pattern.


ABSTRACT. The searching tactics of the housefly, Musca dormestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), have been delineated from digitized pathways of flies walking in patches of sucrose drops arranged in linear (ROW) and hexagonal (HEX) arrays.


A guide to all the major musical forms, from the classical music to the great composers, to contemporary jazz and the living tradition of folk music.


It's hard to overestimate the impact of computer-based calculations on chemistry. Even if measured strictly by the importance of quantum mechanical calculations, which many chemists consider synony...


In academic advising, as in other areas of scholarship, we regularly face the question: Should we expand and develop existing models or theories, or d o we need completely (or apparently) new conceptions to deal with new ideas and information? This entire issue of the Journal attempts to answer that question. This article attempts to answer a subquestion: Can we use the models of Crookston and O'Banion to successfully advise nontraditional students, or must we develop new models? Here nontraditional students are defined as those who have not had the typical experiences of White, middle and upper middle class males in the U.S. (see Sedlacek, 1993). Scientists and practitioners alike have a tendency to reinvent and relabel whenever new information 1s presented. This has the advantage of allowing us to focus on newer issues (e.g., nontraditional students) and to stress their importance. For example, Helms (1990) has generated some important ideas on how the racial identities of "visible racialiethnic groups" develop. She feels that one moves through stages of denial, confrontation with one's identity, immersion in issues related to one's group, eventual ernenion, and acceptance of the realities of being a member of a particular raciallcultural group. Sedlacek (1993) has shown thdt noncognitive variable? are useful indicators of academic success for nontraditional students. Making positive and accurate self-assessments, handling racism, setting goals, havinga supportive community and individual mentors, showing leadership, and learning from nonacaderr~ic experiences have all been shown to relate to the academic success of nontraditional students. Both the Helms (1990) and Sedlacek (1991, 1993) approaches seem to provide useful information for academic advisors. However, must we abandon the earlier work of Crookston and O'Banion, or can we build on it?


: Shear wall show excellent performance under seismic forces, survey of building system during pre and post extreme earthquakes shows that life hazard due to building collapse is minimal. Shear wall is designed for ductility under repetitive loads. The shear wall meant to resist earthquakes should be designed for ductility where concrete frame is designed to resist lateral forces. The aim of this research is to compare the behavior of ten storey buildings having shear wall with bare frame. Performance of ten storey building also studied under seismic loads. The objectives of the present investigation are to study the response parameters such as displacement, axial forces, shear forces in beams, base shear, storey drift and time period. Buildings with and without shear wall has been analyzed through STAAD Pro tool using response spectrum method. Regular 10 storey building is modeled as per the Indian standard loading conditions subjected to seismic excitations. Two different modeling approaches has been identified and applied on the models. Results have been analyzed for seismic zone 3 and zone 5. Following conclusion can be drawn from the study.


A numerical modeling method was developed for fire sprinkler piping systems with threaded/grooved joints and used to generate seismic fragility parameters. The model accounts for the inelastic response of grooved/threaded joints, braces, hangers, and wire restrainers. The model incorporates a nonlinear model recently developed for the cyclic moment-rotation relationship of grooved tee joints, as well as a numerical model formerly developed for threaded tee joints. The models are validated using the results of extensive experiments on tee subassemblies performed at University at Buffalo. The model is adaptable to different pipe diameter joints. A real fire sprinkler system of a hospital was simulated and its seismic response was obtained under a suite of ninety-six artificially generated tri-axial floor acceleration records. Three system damage states were defined and a combined probabilistic seismic demand model was utilized to obtain system-level fragility parameters.


If you are one of the many among us who are keen to help avert a looming environmental catastrophe – but don't really know where to start – then let Jen Gale be your guide. Jen is a 2004 RVC graduate who has now left clinical practice to explore ways to encourage everyone to adopt a more environmentally-friendly lifestyle. Founder of the web site Sustainable(ish) and author of the Sustainable(ish) Living Guide, she offers advice and encouragement to those wanting to take baby steps towards creating a world that will be able to support future generations.


Trump names Barrett to Supreme Court His Highness the Amir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani and His Highness the Deputy Amir Sheikh Abdullah bin Hamad al-Thani sent yesterday cables of condolences to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on the victims of a military plane crash in northeastern Ukraine, wishing a speedy recovery for the injured. HE the Prime Minister and Minister of Interior Sheikh Khalid bin Khalifa bin Abdulaziz al-Thani also sent a similar cable to Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal.


We havefabricated anovelInGaAs/AlAsSb coupled double quantum well(C-DQW)withInAlAs coupling barrier foruseinall-optical switches based onintersubband transitions (ISBTs). Strong well-well coupling produced bythelowpotential oftheInAlAs coupling barrier shortens theISB-Twavelength. The FTIRmeasurements showthat thewavelength ofISBabsorption decreases to1.53,umwhentheInGaAswells andInAlAs coupling barrier intheC-DQWconsist of9and4monolayers (MLs), respectively. Moreover, the absorption coefficients at1.55pmincrease significantly above 500cm-' andaretherefore equivalent tothose of theconventional C-DQWthat consists ofAlAsSbandAlAscoupling barriers. Itisconfirmed that theISB-T wavelength canbereduced effectively byreducing thepotential height ofthecoupling barriers aswellasthe thicknesses ofthewells andcoupling barriers.


Colossal Cave is a feature of both archeological and geological interest. Only recently has the cave system been systematically explored, and much work still remains to thoroughly document this extensive feature. The formation and development of the cave has not been adequately addressed in uniformitarian geological literature. Apparently, the naturalist interpretation cannot easily explain the problems that "uniformitarian time" creates in understanding the geologic history of the area and the formation of Colossal Cave. In contrast, Colossal Cave is easily addressed by the Creation-Flood framework. The uplift of the adjacent Rincon Mountains during the late stages of the Flood caused the recently deposited and semi-lithified sedimentary overburden to slide off and pile up around the base of the uplifted metamorphic core complex. During this event, the strata were subjected to the expulsion of both interstitial and hydrothermal fluids, which created preferential pathways through the carbonate strata and resulted in the formation of numerous cave systems. Following Floodwater withdrawal, speleothem development occurred in the open passageways where overlying carbonate source rocks were present. The eventual drying of the climate has resulted in dust accumulation rather than further carbonate mineral deposition.


?In this work, we study the orbital stability of stationary solutions to the relativistic Vlasov-Manev system. This system is a kinetic model describing the evolution of a stellar system subject to its own gravity with some relativistic corrections. For this system, the orbital stability was proved for isotropic models constructed as minimizers of the Hamiltonian under a subcritical condition. We obtain here this stability for all isotropic models by a non-variationnal approach. We use here a new method developed in [23] for the classical Vlasov-Poisson system. We derive the stability from the monotonicity of the Hamiltonian under suitable generalized symmetric rearrangements and from a Antonov type coer- civity property. We overcome here two new difficulties : the first one is the a priori non-continuity of the potentials, from which a greater control of the re- arrangements is necessary. The second difficulty is related to the homogeneity breaking which does not give the boundedness of the kinetic energy. Indeed, in this paper, we does not suppose any subcritical condition satisfied by the steady states.


Protonation of the methylene-bridged, tetracarbonyl species [IrRu(CO)4(μ-CH2)(dppm)2][X] (X = CF3SO3, BF4) (1) at −90 °C yields the methyl-bridged product [IrRu(CO)4(μ-CH3)(dppm)2][X]2 (X = CF3SO3, BF4) (3), in which the methyl group is carbon-bound to Ir while engaged in an agostic interaction with Ru. Compound 3 is unusual in that exchange of the terminal and agostic protons of the methyl group is slow on the NMR time scale at −90 °C, allowing for the direct observation of both sets of protons and measurement of their respective C−H coupling constants at this temperature. Protonation of [IrRu(PMe3)(CO)3(μ-CH2)(dppm)2][CF3SO3] also yields an unsymmetrically bridged methyl complex, [IrRu(PMe3)(CO)3(μ-CH3)(dppm)2][CF3SO3]2 (7), analogous to 3, and again 1H NMR spectroscopy at temperatures below −60 °C shows separate resonances for the agostic and the terminal hydrogens of the methyl group. Both compounds display very low 1JCH values (65 Hz (3); 72 Hz (7)) for the agostic interactions, consistent with subst...


Objective: Ischemic stress causes damage to cerebrovascular endothelium and alters arteriolar responses to prostanoid‐dependent stimuli. However, effects of ischemic stress on cyclooxygenase (COX) levels in endothelium are unclear. We examined the effect of ischemia and reperfusion and asphyxia and reventilation on production of COX isoforms in cerebral vascular endothelium.


The amounts of Pb,Cd,As and Hg in liver and muscle of the fish were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS),respectively,with two different sample digestion methods.The amounts of heavy metals in the meat of fish in polluted river are higher than those of water in the river and less than those in the fish liver.Compared with the national standard method,the developed method is rapid,simple and accurate,and was used to the determination of heavy metals in standard reference material with satisfactory results.


Abstract This study uses discourse analysis to examine the ways urban households in South East Queensland (N=10) talk about water issues and decentralized (i.e., on-site, separate from the grid) water systems, as well as their trust in new water technology. Analysis of talk and language showed that participants constructed the concept of "water" as a precious resource and described an underlying water culture in which interactions with water resources were embedded. Participants often described themselves as being accepting of decentralized technology, in particular, rainwater tanks, but also provided strong rationalizations for why their homes did not have such systems installed. Important knowledge gaps were found to exist relevant to water issues affecting urban regions, despite participants constructing themselves as highly aware of these issues. Perceptions of mistrust and limited confidence in the governance of alternative water systems were highlighted as a concern. These findings demonstrated vari...


Top Clean Seal Technology,developed by Top Clean Packaging Group(France),is a complete solution for medical device packaging.Technical handling from design to sealing validation for terminally sterilized medical devices packaging and a complete service coming from a single supplier are the concepts shaping Top Clean Seal.In accordance with international standards and the blister-Tyvek lid sterile barrier system characteristics,the packaging design,packaging components production,pack sealing and validation tests have been introduced in this article.


The nucleation of malaria pigment (hemozoin) and β-hematin crystals (synthetic hemozoin) can be promoted by lipid molecules. To determine the orientation of β-hematin crystals nucleated by 1-myristoyl-glycerol (MMG) on the water surface, we undertook a grazing incidence synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray reflectivity study. Our results indicate that premixed α-hematin with MMG yielded β-hematin nanocrystals oriented with the {100} face parallel to water surface, which we explain insofar that the spreading solution allows MMG molecular aggregation into clusters exposing OH groups and oxygen lone-pair electrons that interact with hematin molecules. Hematin molecules, which did not interact with MMG clusters, do not yield β-hematin, but rather an unknown crystalline phase. Independently, evidence is presented that self-assembled functionalized alkanethiol monolayers (SAMs) exposing OH groups induce β-hematin nucleation primarily via its {100} face, whereas those exposing CH3 induce nucleation of either ...


The Executive Committee voted at its January 2009 meeting to establish a new Committee on Government Relations. The Committee was authorized to establish a Washington office for the Association and to hire a part time Washington representative. Katharine Abraham (University of Maryland) was appointed chair of the new committee. The other members are Angus Deaton (AEA president and Princeton), Catherine Eckel (University of Texas–Dallas), Robert Hall (AEA president-elect and Stanford), Robert Moffitt (Johns Hopkins), Charles Plott (California Institute of Technology), Richard Schmalensee (MIT), Charles Schultze (Brookings Institution), and James Smith (Rand Corporation). Rebecca Blank (formerly of the Brookings Institution) served as a member of the Committee until she was confirmed as Undersecretary of Commerce in June 2009. The Committee's first tasks were to develop a mission statement for the new Washington office and a description of the duties to be performed by the Association's Washington representative. Both were approved by the Executive Committee at its April 2009 meeting and are posted to the Committee's new Web site; for reference, copies are attached to this report. The Washington representative is charged primarily with developing information about legislation, regulations and agency decisions pertinent to the scientific interests of the AEA and, working closely with the Committee on Government Relations, to keep members of the Association informed about these developments. On occasion, the Washington representative may be asked to provide informational materials to congressional staff, Members of Congress and Executive Branch officials, but under no circumstances will s/he express any view or take any position in an official capacity that might be construed as partisan. The Washington representative position was advertised in the spring. Roughly 40 applications were received, and a hiring subcommittee interviewed the top few applicants in mid June. Based on the report of the interviewing subcommittee, the full Committee's consensus choice to fill the position was longtime National Science Foundation program officer Dan Newlon, who retired from the NSF in August. Newlon accepted the offer of a halftime position and began work October 1. A blast e-mail that went out to AEA members in October announced the formation of the Committee and Dan's appointment as the AEA's new Washington representative. Dan's appointment also is noted on the Committee's Web site. Dan is a very capable person who has the additional advantages of being well known to economists and very familiar with the concerns of the economics profession. We are delighted he has agreed to take on this new role. Since October 1, Newlon has been meeting with representatives of various organizations whose interests overlap with those of the AEA. The Committee has met by phone with Newlon roughly once every two weeks. Much of the time during those meetings has been devoted to defining more clearly the role of the committee and the Washington representative. The Committee has authorized Newlon to move forward with several activities:


A notional experiment has previously been described concerning the current decay curves in two identical dielectric specimens, each previously subjected for a long period to a constant electric field, and short-circuited at different times, the specimen subjected to the higher field being short-circuited first. If the polarisation mechanism exhibits a distribution of relaxation times, the current decay curves may cross over each other; if on the other hand the mechanism is such that the current decay obeys a t-n law, then the curves will certainly cross over. Such a cross-over gives rise to certain apparent conceptual difficulties which are easily dealt with if a distribution of relaxation times is postulated, but otherwise remain to be explained.


This paper presents an experience with construction pore pressures in a rolled earth dam. It is the study of a case history. As a result, a new method for predicting construction pore pressures is proposed.


Concept, contents and property's limitations are object of hystorical study, from Rome to the Contemporany Law. Any theories about possession and its actual importance, as autonomyc law, added to the plural concept of propriety are themes analysed in order to better comprehend the reflexes on Federal Constitution and Civil Law. It still considers the speciallity of Agrarian and Author Law.


Dynamical variability in the extratropical stratosphere occurs on a broad range of timescales, from daily to seasonal. Extratropical wave transience is correlated with variations in the mean meridional (Brewer‐Dobson) circulation that links the Tropics and the extratropics. In this study, the variability of observed temperature and calculated vertical velocity in the tropical lower stratosphere is examined to isolate the imprint of forcing by extratropical waves. The influence of the waves is quantified by estimating zonal-mean tropical upwelling from the zonal-mean momentum balance on a daily basis; a large fraction of the variance of tropical upwelling occurs at periods of 10‐40 days, forced by transient waves. In addition, significant coherence is found between calculated upwelling and observed temperatures in the tropical lower stratosphere on weekly to seasonal timescales. This relationship is quantitatively consistent with simple thermodynamic balance, and suggests that the large annual cycle of temperature near the tropical tropopause is mainly a result of the relatively long radiative timescales in that region. The results indicate that EP flux divergence due to extratropical waves is a major determinant of zonal-mean temperatures in the tropical lower stratosphere.


The objective of this paper aims to study the information resources on linguistics study for Thais. The main points for discussing on it consist of what the linguistics is, branches of linguistics, and how Thais can collect and access the information resources for linguistics study or the corpus linguistics. Additionally, there are examples of websites for the linguistics study Thais can easily accumulate for academic works or self practices etc.


Ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) wave heating simulation is often carried out in the core plasma region. However, the inclusion of scrape-off layer (SOL) plasma in the simulation model may lead to a new physical phenomenon and needs to be studied. In this paper, we apply a finite elements method based on the approach of Vallejos et al (2019 Nucl. Fusion 59 076022), to simulate ICRF wave heating to account realistically for SOL plasma of the EAST. In the presence of the density pedestal near the last closed flux surface, a kind of cavity mode is observed for the case of low parallel wave number. Near the ion–ion hybrid resonance (IIR) layer in the SOL region, mode conversion from fast waves to slow waves takes place. ICRF wave coupling characteristics are roughly consistent with the prediction of the dispersion relation except for some small deviations, which may be caused by fast wave reflection in the high-field side. Approximately on-axis heating of H ion is observed and the power deposition zone broadens with parallel wave number increasing. Wave energy dissipation in SOL plasma is less than 7% and localized near the IIR region. Furthermore, the comparison between D(H) and D(He-3) minority heating scenarios is also carried out. The results and conclusions in this paper can provide a theoretical reference for ICRF heating experiments and may supply a new insight into the form of ICRF waves in the plasma edge.


List of contributors Preface Acknowledgements 1. Introduction K. J. Hsu and H. J. Weissert 2. Dissolution effects on size distribution of recent planktonic foraminiferal species, South Atlantic Ocean B. Malmgren 3. Middle and Late Quaternary carbonate production and dissolution and paleoceanography of the eastern Angola Basin, South Atlantic Ocean J. H. F. Jansen 4. Late Quaternary upwelling history off southwest Africa (DSDP Leg 75, HPC 532) L. Diester-Haass 5. History of the Walvis Ridge. A precis of the results of DSDP Leg 74 T. C. Moore, P. D. Rabinowitz, P. E. Borella, N. J. Shackleton and A. Boersma 6. Cyclic variations in calcium carbonate and organic carbon in Miocene to Holocene sediments, Walvis Ridge, South Atlantic Ocean W. Dean and J. Gardner 7. Pliocene oceanography and climate: an isotope record from the southwestern Angola Basin H. J. Weissert and H. Oberhansli 8. Paleoceanographic expressions of the Messinian salinity crisis J. A. McKenzie and H. Oberhansli 9. The Paleogene oxygen and carbon isotope history of Sites 522, 523, and 524 from the Central South Atlantic H. Oberhansli and M. Toumarkine 10. History of calcite dissolution of the South Atlantic Ocean K. J. Hsu and R. Wright 11. Cenozoic carbon-isotope record in South Atlantic sediments K. J. Hsu, J. A. McKenzie and H. J. Weissert 12. Hiatuses in Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments of the Zaire-Congo continental shelf, slope, and deep-sea fan J. H. F. Jansen 13. Synthesis of lake Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary stable isotope records of the South Atlantic based on Leg 72 DSDP core material D. F. Williams, R. C. Thunell, D. A. Hodell and C. Vergnaud-Grazzini 14. Abyssal teleconnections II. Initiation of Antarctic Bottom Water flow in the southwestern Atlantic D. A. Johnson 15. Cenozoic evolution of polar water masses, southwest Atlantic Ocean S. W. Wise, A. M. Gombos and J. P. Muza 16. Evidence from the Ostracoda of major events in the South Atlantic and world-wide over the past 80 million years R. H. Benson, R. E. Chapman and L. T. Deck.


Examines the extent and social distribution of poverty, as well as the impact of social security on poverty. The study uses data from household panel surveys in seven countries and regions in the EC, including some of the poorer ones, such as Ireland, Catalonia and Greece.


Software product line is defined as a set of similar software systems that sharejoint and managed set of features to satisfy the specific need of a particular market segment and these are developed from core assets in a prescribedway 1 . All the systems that come in product line have commonalities and variability. Anincreasing trend in software development is the requirement to develop new multiple and similar products at same time instead of single individual product. There may be quite a lot of reasons behind this. For continue the function of any product and developit as needed, it is important to look upon all the quality attributes that may affect it in future. There can be two types of quality attributes: internal and external. We can directly measure the internal quality attributes on the basis of product features such as size, length or complexity. Whereas there are external attributes like efficiency, reliability and maintainability. The maintainability which can be measuredrelating to how software relates with its environment and consequently, can be measured one time the software systems fully developed and deployed. Maintainability is one of these external quality attributes that is much valued at the present time. Maintainability is according to ISO/IEC 9126 standard means "the capability of software product to be modified.In current research we predict how the tailorability will predict OVM product line maintainability by using of developed metrics.


Do human linguistic capacities evolve from the use of signs in the rest of nature? Are literature, theatre, film and digital media extensions of the kinds of semiotic behaviours and sedimented memory found at every level of life from the simplest organisms to the most complex? This special issue of Green Letters results from a conference on Biosemiotics and Culture, held at the University of Oregon in May 2013, exploring these questions towards a radical new way of thinking. Five of the contributors are scientists (four Europeans and one American), and one is a philosopher (American) of European medieval and American modern semiotics. This is because biosemiotics developed out of a largely western and eastern European scientific milieu which then met with North American semioticians, Thomas A. Sebeok in particular, who had scientific interests. The editors, in turn, have long been convinced that environmental humanists must reengage ourselves with the sciences (despite the latter's own metaphysical assumptions; Lewontin 1997), not only because of the general clarity of scientific thinking, but also, especially where the life sciences are concerned, to restore non-reductively our whole cultural experience to the biotic matrix from which it emerged. Reductionism in the modern sciences has made that move very difficult for humanities and arts scholars (although one or two have tried), but biosemiotics presents, precisely, a non-reductive, evolutionary semiotic systems approach to the sciences of living organisms (including humans). For too long, as Stephen J. Gould maintained (2003, 11–15), the estrangement of the 'two cultures' has been a debilitating caricature causing many humanists to retreat into defensive academic enclaves and scientists to assume that literary and philosophical research are not serious ways of exploring or characterising the world. Although Gould's solution of non-overlapping magisteria is not satisfactory from the interdisciplinary perspective of biosemiotics, most of us know very well C.P. Snow's (1959) 'two cultures' argument about the shameful ignorance of humanities (and by implication) arts scholars in regard to scientific matters. For those of us in the humanities who are especially drawn to ecological matters and their representation – whether centrally and consciously or marginally and symptomatically – in works of literature and art, or to the observation that similar patterns and movements appear in biological and cultural forms, the work of scientists in formulating the life sciences must remain of vital concern. When we pursue questions of biodiversity and its importance, the loss of species, climate change and ecological breakdown, it is from the sciences that we take our direction. In understanding evolution and biological systems development, it is from the sciences that we can start to think the interrelationships of organisms that have made them, including us, what we now are. Richard Kerridge tells us that 'ecological crisis calls for deep changes of desire and behaviour in an impossibly short space of time' (2012, 21), and surely a serious turn to the life sciences and earth sciences must constitute such a deep change. Yet as Dana Phillips charged, in spite of appeals to interdisciplinary practice, 'ecocriticism has been lamentably under-informed by science studies, philosophy of science, environmental history, and ecology' (2003, viii–ix). However, as noted above, the life sciences (including the cognitive sciences) have for too long remained under the dominant reductionist and Green Letters: Studies in Ecocriticism, 2015 Vol. 19, No. 3, 215–226, http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14688417.2015.1078973


Ammonium wastewater containing high salinity should be treated properly.In this experiment,anammox bacteria have high activity and resistant ability to high salinity containing.Results were studied on the efficient of nonwoven carrier biofilm such as ammonium removal loading rate,nitrite removal loading rate,total nitrogen removal rate and total nitrogen rate.The anammox removal ability to nitrogen reached about 1.32 kg-N/m3/d in the condition of high salinity.


Rett Syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects girls due primarily to heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2). MECP2 encodes four exons that are alternatively spliced into two isoforms, MECP2e1 and MECP2e2. MECP2 isoform-specific functions are unknown, but due to the higher abundance in the brain and MECP2e1-specific mutations associated with RTT, MECP2e1 is hypothesized to be the functional isoform in the brain. MECP2 is an X-linked gene subject to random Xchromosome inactivation (XCI) resulting in mosaic expression of mutant MECP2. The lack of readily accessible human brain tissue motivates the need for alternative human cellular models to study RTT. In this thesis, I established a novel human in vitro model of RTT by isolating human induced Pluripotent Stem cells (hiPSCs) from RTT patient fibroblasts. RTT-hiPSCs retained the MECP2 mutation, are pluripotent and fully reprogrammed, and retained an inactive X-chromosome in a nonrandom pattern. Taking advantage of the latter characteristic, I obtained a pair of isogenic wild-type and mutant MECP2 expressing RTT-hiPSC lines that retained this MECP2 expression pattern upon differentiation into neurons. Phenotypic analysis of mutant RTT-hiPSC-derived neurons demonstrated a reduction in soma size compared with the isogenic control RTT-hiPSC-derived neurons from the same RTT patient validating RTT-hiPSC-derived


The small G protein p21Ras is a critical molecular switch for relaying neurotrophic actions and is essential for normal functioning and plasticity of the nervous system. In this study, the morphogenetic effects of p21Ras were investigated on neurons in vivo. Morphological changes of layers II/III and Vb commissural pyramidal neurons of the primary somatosensory cortex were analyzed in transgenic mice expressing permanently active p21H‐RasVal12 in postmitotic neurons. Pyramidal cells were retrogradely labelled with biotinylated dextran amine and subsequently traced using Neurolucida. Compared with wild‐type mice, transgenic animals showed a significant increase in the surface area and volume of basal dendrites on the proximal and intermediate segments in layers II/III and on further distal segments in layer V. In addition, the surface area and volume of the trunk and of the proximal segments of oblique branches of apical dendrites were enlarged in both layers. Sholl analyses of basal and apical dendrites showed a significant increase in dendritic complexity of layer V neurons. A positive correlation was observed between the size of the basal dendrite and the neuronal soma size in the transgenic population, indicating that growth‐promoting effects of p21H‐RasVal12 affect both cellular compartments in parallel. However, the dendritic surface correlated with the number of tips and dendritic stem diameter in both wild‐type and transgenic populations, demonstrating that these relations represent rather conservative design principles in dendritic morphology. The data presented here suggest an important role of p21Ras‐dependent signaling in the final differentiation and maintenance of dendritic morphology. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:119–133, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


THE DETERMINATION of the historical rates of return on investments in flat bonds had its beginning in curiosity about two statements made by W. Braddock Hickman in his work Corporate Bond Quality and Investor Experience. Hickman found that investors who sold at default had lower returns than investors who held to extinguishment. Hickman says, ". . . for each group substantial losses were suffered by investors who liquidated at default as compared with those who held to extinguishment . . and ". . . the reason for the better performance of defaulted bonds held to extinguishment than of those sold at default was the extremely high rate of return obtained after the date of default . . ." The implication of these quotes is that defaulted bonds may be a good investment vehicle. That is, returns after default may be high enough to compensate for the risk of nonpayment of interest and loss of principal. Possibly these returns could exceed those on common stocks. The authors of this study felt that it would be of interest and of some merit to determine historical returns from bonds that have been defaulted. However, Atkinson found that the incidence of defaulted bonds decreased to .1 % of total outstanding issues in the period 1945-1960 as compared to the 1.7% found in the period covered by Hickman.1 Since the incidence of defaulted bonds is very low, the authors felt that a broader view should be undertaken. This enabled the researchers to center on bonds designated as flat bonds, i.e., bonds selling without accrued interest. Flat bonds include both income and defaulted issues which by their nature have uncertain income streams and can be considered speculative. In essence, this study determines the historical annual rates of return which could have been realized by an investment in flat bonds. These returns are then compared with the returns associated with common stocks as reported in the University of Chicago studies in an effort to determine the relative investment potential of flat bonds.2


Biochar is suggested as a conditioner for salt-affected soils for various crops. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar on the growth and physiology of sugarcane under saline and non-saline conditions at an early growth stage. The experiment was conducted in pots in the greenhouses with three replications. Three biochar rates (0, 5, and 10 tons ha−1) were applied before transplanting sugarcane seedlings into the pots. Four weeks after transplanting, plants were irrigated with 300 mL of 100 mM NaCl every two days for 2 weeks. Salinity significantly affected the growth and physiology of sugarcanes. The application of biochar increased plant height, shoot dry weight, root volume, root dry weight, Fv/Fm, and chlorophyll content while decreasing the water saturation deficit and the relative ion leakage in the leaves under both saline and non-saline conditions. Thus, biochar application has positive effects on the growth and physiology of sugarcane at an early growth stage under both saline and non-saline conditions. However, further study is suggested to investigate the effects of biochar on sugarcane under saline stress in the field at different growth stages.


Based on the widely used mother type method of knitting clothing structure design,and the technological design software for seamless underwear such as Graph6 and Hengqiang characterized by the unit of loops,a design method of technological pattern for seamless underwear has been set up.And by sample knitting,the feasibility of this method has been proved.This method can be directly applied in the technological design software for seamless underwear in common use.It is simple in calculation,and as a parent form also can be adjusted according to the style changes,and is suitable for all kinds of industrial production and tailor-made products.It is significant in guiding the drafting of the technological pattern,and improving design level and production efficiency for seamless underwear.


The offshore oil and gas industry is predicting the discovery of more and more deep water reservoirs. Increased water depths create a requirement for reliable pipelines to economically recover these deep water fields and also to minimize flow assurance problems. Increased flow assurance problems in deeper waters increase the need for thermally insulated pipelines. In this paper we present an overview of the key issues in the analysis and design of thermal insulation systems, identify and discuss how these are addressed by the design tools developed within the DeFRIS project and present results used to validate the algorithms incorporated into the design tool.


Aqua is an underwater biomimetic vehicle designed and built at McGill University that uses six paddles to produce control and propulsion forces. It has the particularity of having time-periodic thrust due to its oscillating paddles. Using an existing model of the vehicle, two types of controller were developed: a PD controller and a Floquet controller. The Floquet controller has the advantage of explicitly addressing the time-periodicity of the system. The performance of the controllers was assessed experimentally in the Caribbean Sea. We find that the vehicle was able to follow the prescribed trajectories with relative accuracy using both controllers. However, the Floquet controller slightly outperforms the PD controller. Furthermore, a key advantage of the Floquet controller is that it requires no tuning while the PD controller had to be tuned by trial and error.© 2010 ASME


Soil organic carbon (SOC) in the surface soils has increased when summer fallow is reduced or eliminated in the central Great Plains. We evaluated the effect of no-till cropping systems of WF, wheat-com-fallow (WCF), wheat-corn-millet-fallow (WCMF), opportunity cropping (OPP), and native grass species (G) on particulate organic matter (POM-C) and mineral associated C in the silt and clay fractions. Soil organic carbon (SOC) has increased with increasing cropping intensity after 12 years of no-till management. Particulate organic matter C accounted for 38 to 52 % of the total , SOC in the 0-2.5 cm and 24 to 48 % of the total SOC in the 2.5-5 cm depth depending on cropping intensity. In the 5-10 cm depth, POM-C accounted for 22-35 % of the total SOC depending on cropping intensity. In the 10-20 cm depth, however, POM-C accounted for only 0 to 12 % of the total SOC depending on cropping intensity. In all depth increments however, G had the highest POM-C followed by OPP. Overall, the increase in total SOC in surface soils with increasing cropping intensity was due to increased C in the POM-C fraction.


A self-consistent local-density scheme is used to compute the polarizability of rare-gas atoms in the liquid phase at the triple point. First-principles total-energy calculations are performed for the crystal, and Lennard-Jones parameters for interatomic potentials are deduced which are in reasonable agreement with empirical values. Hence, the environmental potential in the liquid is constructed with use of existing molecular-dynamics results for the pair correlation function of a Lennard-Jones fluid. It is suggested that such calculations provide an additional way of assessing effective pair potentials.


The intent of this project to develop a knowledge based system (KBS) modules to improve the design process of Compliant Machine Parts in sheet metal deep drawing process. The proposed system consists of 15 modules covered Formability test, Die design, Die assembly, Finite Element Analysis (FEA) based process analysis, Production economy and Die manufacturing. This work could help to provide a framework to a skilled, experienced, complex and time-consuming based task like sheet metal deep drawing design process.


The invention provides a stock dump control system which comprises a control center and at least one stock dump working machine, at least one stock dump working machine is connected with the control center through a network, and reports stowage location information of where the working machine is to the control center. The control center receives the stowage location information of the stock dump working machine, compares the stowage location information of the stock dump working machine and the stowage location information indicated by working instructions, at least one priority level is set to the working instructions, and the control center distributes the working instructions to stock dump working machines respectively according to the priority level. The stock dump working machines receive working instructions respectively, and convey the working instructions through the interaction of a user interface and an operator. The stock dump working machines adjust the orders of exacting the working instructions according to the priority level, and carry out stock dump working to the stowage location indicated by the instructions. The invention further provides a stock dump control method. The stock dump control system and the stock dump control method can carry out flexible adjustment according to changeable data at any time, adopt a proximity principle to adjust the priority levels of the working instructions, and send the working instructions to corresponding stock dump equipment flexibly.


PURPOSE
Stent has often been used as an internal surrogate to monitor intra-fractional tumor motion during pancreatic cancer radiotherapy. Based on the stent contours generated from planning CT images, the current intrafraction motion review (IMR) system on Varian TrueBeam only provides a tool to verify the stent motion visually but lacks quantitative information. The purpose of this study is to develop an automatic stent recognition method for quantitative intra-fractional tumor motion monitoring in pancreatic cancer treatment.

METHODS
535 IMR images from 14 pancreatic cancer patients were retrospectively selected in this study, with the manual contour of the stent on each image serving as the ground truth. We developed a deep learning approach that integrates two mechanisms that focus on the features of the segmentation target. The objective attention modeling was integrated into the U-net framework to deal with the optimization difficulties when training a deep network with 2D IMR images and limited training data. A perceptual loss was combined with the binary cross-entropy loss and a Dice loss for supervision. The deep neural network was trained to capture more contextual information to predict binary stent masks. A random-split test was performed, with images of ten patients (71%, 380 images) randomly selected for training, while the rest of four patients (29%, 155 images) were used for testing. Seven-fold cross-validation of the proposed PAUnet on the 14 patients was performed for further evaluation.

RESULTS
Our stent segmentation results were compared with the manually segmented contours. For the random-split test, the trained model achieved a mean (± standard deviation) stent Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 95% Hausdorff distance (HD95), the center of mass distance (CMD), and volume difference Voldiff were 0.96 (± 0.01), 1.01 (± 0.55) mm, 0.66 (± 0.46) mm, and 3.07% (± 2.37%), respectively. The seven-fold cross-validation of the proposed PAUnet had the mean (± standard deviation) of 0.96 (± 0.02), 0.72 (± 0.49) mm, 0.85 (± 0.96) mm, and 3.47% (± 3.27%) for the DSC, HD95, CMD, and Voldiff .

CONCLUSION
We developed a novel deep learning-based approach to automatically segment the stent from IMR images, demonstrated its clinical feasibility, and validated its accuracy compared to manual segmentation. The proposed technique could be a useful tool for quantitative intra-fractional motion monitoring in pancreatic cancer radiotherapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Abstract Coffee is a commodity of international trade significance, and its value chain can benefit from age-specific thematic maps. This study aimed to assess the potential of Landsat 8 OLI to develop these maps. Using field-collected samples with the random forest classifier, splitting coffee into three age classes (Scheme A) was compared with running the classification with one compound coffee class (Scheme B). Higher overall classification accuracy was obtained in Scheme B (90.3% for OLI and 86.8% for ETM+) than in Scheme A (86.2% for OLI and 81.0% for ETM+). The NIR band of OLI was the most important band in intra-class discrimination of coffee. Landsat 8 OLI mapped area closely matched farm records (R2 = 0.88) compared to that of Landsat 7 ETM+ (R2 = 0.78). It was concluded that Landsat 8 OLI data can be used to produce age-specific thematic maps in coffee production areas although disaggregating coffee classes reduces overall accuracy.


The velocity of first sound has been measured in saturated liquid He3–He4 mixtures ranging in composition from 20 to 90% He3 between 0.5° and 2.3°K. The velocities decrease with increasing He3 concentration due to the large increase in compressibility. The temperature Ts at which a liquid mixture first begins to separate into two layers of different composition is identified by a break in the temperature derivative of the sound velocity. The values of Ts are compared with and found to agree well with all other recent direct measurements. Breaks also occur in the temperature derivatives of first sound velocity and signal amplitude at temperatures which are in good agreement with most recent determinations of lambda transition temperatures for concentrations up to 30%. For higher concentrations, the values obtained are in good agreement with λ points determined from second sound measurements but differ markedly from results based on the disappearance of boiling. Possible reasons for the differences are disc...


Multiple inner-shell ionization of an atom in a heavy-ion collision and the vacancy rearrangement that follows are fundamental processes that so far have not been adequately described theoretically. The only fundamental theory of multiple inner-shell ionization whose results are widely available is the geometrical model [1]. It predicts that in central collisions (i.e. collisions restricted to small impact parameters) the average fraction of vacancies produced in the shell having principal quantum number n is given by [1]


The article addresses the issues of interaction between modern cultural industries and theatre in Russia, as a result of which the latter often join art-clusters. This is regarded as one of the common approaches to theatre modernisation, which demonstrates how the former productive industry is converted into the cultural one. The new spaces are reclaimed to fulfil rather restricted tasks and generally used to present performances and other projects of the post-dramatic theatre. The author criticises artistic and contensive value of such art-conversions, though states their expansion. It is stressed that in the new cultural context, there arise problems of theatrical language formalisation and gradual extrusion of the traditional repertory theatre by the stage design and machinery theatre.


The nonlinear dynamics of a low-frequency electrostatic dissipative inhomogeneous plasma in an external magnetic field is studied for conditions above the critical point. The diffusion flux and the saturation level are self-consistently calculated from first principles, i.e. from the Braginskii equation.


Photograph of Abilene Christian College's 1974 Homecoming musical production of "Man of La Mancha." Standing left to right: Jan Kyker Bryan (Antonia), Curt Cloninger (Dr. Carrasco), and Cindy Graves (The Housekeeper). Sitting center stage gathered around Wayne Gurley (Don Quixote) left to right is Mark Loudermilk (Sancho), Ron Conley (The Padre), and Nan Arnold (Aldonza).


This work aims to present a multi-scale numerical approach based on a 2D finite element model to simulate the diffusive behaviour of biocomposites based on randomly dispersed Diss fibres during ageing in water. So, first of all, the diffusive behaviour of each phase (fibres/matrix) as well as of the biocomposite was determined experimentally. Secondly, the microstructure of the biocomposite was observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and then regenerated in a Digimat finite element calculation software thanks to its own fibre generator: "Random fibre placement". Finally, the diffusion problem based on Fick's law was solved on the Abaqus finite element calculation software. The results showed an excellent agreement between the experiment and the numerical model. The numerical model has enabled a better understanding of the diffusive behaviour of water within the biocomposite, in particular the effect of the fibre/matrix interface. In terms of durability, the layered structure of this biocomposite has proven to be effective in protecting the plant fibres from hydrothermal transfer, which preserves the durability of the material.


This work describes the fractionation of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of aerial parts from the Mikania pseudohoffmanniana G. M. Barroso ex W. C. Holmes. The phytochemical study of extracts led to isolation and the identification of 16 known compounds, including: steroids: campesterol, stigmasterol and b-sitosterol, diterpenes: ent-15b-E-cinnamoyloxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, ent-15b-Z-cinnamoyloxy-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid and ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, triterpenes: a-amyrin, b-amyrin, a-amyrin acetate, b-amyrin acetate, lupeol, lupeol acetate and friedelin, coumarin: scopoletin, flavonoid: quercetin and caffeoyl quinic acid derivative: 4,5-di-O-[E]-caffeoyl quinic acid.


Heteroepitaxial InP layers were grown on Si(111) by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using thermal cycle growth. The best crystallographic and optical quality was obtained when thermal cycle growth was begun after only a thin InP layer had been deposited. High resolution x‐ray diffraction rocking curves of 4.8 μm thick InP layers yield full widths at half‐maximum as low as 76 arc s and show that epilayers have a positive tilt with respect to the substrate. Cross‐section transmission electron microscopy observations and Rutherford backscattering measurements show that thermal cycling induces a net reduction of defect density in the interfacial region. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements performed on the best quality thermal cycle grown sample show a thermal strain induced energy splitting of 3.8 meV between the free exciton emissions associated with heavy and light holes. Two other peaks in the PL spectra correspond to acceptor‐bound (A0,X)mj=±3/2 and (A0,X)mj=±1/2 excitonic transitions, as confirmed by ph...


This paper investigates the mechanism for secondary recirculations in non-Newtonian flows in a noncircular pipe, and develops a general criterion on the direction of the secondary flow based on the fluid rheology and the cross-sectional geometry of the pipe. Although the secondary flow is usually attributed to the second normal stress difference N2, the relationship between the two turns out to be more involved than previously assumed. By theoretical analysis and numerical computations using the Giesekus model, we show that N2 produces an effective body force that, if nonconservative, gives rise to secondary flows in the transverse direction. From this understanding, we propose a criterion for the direction of the secondary flow based on the second normal stress coefficient Ψ2 and the shear viscosity ηs: if Ψ2(γ)∕ηs(γ) is an increasing function of the strain rate γ, the fluid flows from high shear regions to low shear regions along the walls and vice versa. This criterion accounts for all the prior com...


Long Distance Truck Drivers (LDTDs) have been found to be a high risk group in the spread of HIV/AIDS globally; perhaps, due to their high Sexual Risk Behaviours (SRBs). Interventions for reducing SRBs in trucking population have not been fully exploited. A quasi-experimental control group pretest-posttest design was used to assess the efficacy of psycho-education and behavioural skills training in reducing SRBs among LDTDs. Sixteen drivers rivers were randomly assigned into either experimental or control groups using balloting technique. Questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection. Repeated measures t-test and independent t-test were used to test hypotheses. Intervention had significant effect on the SRBs among LDTDs at post-test (t{7}= 6.01, p<.01) and at follow up (t{7} = 6.42, p<.01). No significant difference in sexual risk behaviour of LDTDs at post-test and at follow-up stage. Similarly, intervention had significant effects on sexual risk behaviour at post-test (t {14} = 4.69, p<.05) and at follow-up (t {14} = -9.56, p<.05) respectively. At post-test and follow-up stages, drivers in experimental group reported reduced SRBs than those in control group. Drivers in experimental group reported lower sexual risk behaviour a week after intervention as well as at three months follow-up than those in control group. It is concluded that HIV/AIDS preventive intervention that provides the necessary informational and behavioural skills content can significantly impact long distance truck drivers' sexual risk behaviours. Keywords—HIV/AIDS interventions, Long distance truck drivers, Nigeria, Sexual risk behaviours.


Two main applications requiring high friction on ice are automobile tires and footwear. The main motivation behind the use of soft rubbers in these applications is the relatively high friction force generated between a smooth rubber contacting smooth ice. Unfortunately, the friction force between rubber and ice is very low at temperatures near the melting point of ice and as a result we still experience automobile accidents and pedestrian slips and falls in the winter. Here, we report on a class of compliant fiber-composite materials with textured surfaces that provide outstanding coefficients of friction on wet ice. The fibrous composites consist of a hard glass-fiber phase reinforcing a compliant thermoplastic polyurethane matrix. The glass-fiber phase is textured such that it is aligned transversally and protruding out of the elastomer surface. Our analysis indicates that the exposed fiber phase exhibits a "micro-cleat" effect, allowing for it to fracture the ice and increase the interfacial contact area thereby requiring a high force to shear the interface.


This paper aims to analyse the factors determining the scope and level of regional integration in Central Asia and try to propose future prospects. For the purpose, it will be examined accelerating and constraining factors to the integration, as well as the present situation of regional integration and integration policy of 5 Central Asian countries. In this context, it is to be assessed and investigated regional integration of the region from the both aspects of desirability and feasibility, and its various determining factors toward the integration. The underlying logic of regional integration in Central Asia is the desire for economic growth, political stability and conflict prevention. Regional integration can provide effective tools for initiating and sustaining mutual understanding and dialogue among the states and creating a win-win position for all involved countries. It is an effective way to create a contemporary regional security system coping with the requirements of the Central Asian countries in new circumstances. In one word, it is 'a regional process for solving common problems'. In other words, there is no alternative to intra-regional integration in Central Asia. It is the common destiny of the Newly Independent States of Central Asia, and it can be argued that its future depends on the acknowledgment by the regional leaders of their ultimate historical mission.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of many factors on student evaluation of teaching.Design/methodology/approach – The study analyzed 3,185 student evaluations of faculty from a newly accredited business program at the United Arab Emirates University using univariate and multi‐analysis of variance (ANOVA and MANOVA).Findings – The findings support previous research regarding the existence of potential biasing factors. The results indicate that expected grade, actual grade, course level, class size, course timing, student gender and course subject significantly affect student evaluation of teaching.Originality/value – Comparing individual faculty ratings regardless of other factors might not be fair. Our findings support the call of other researchers that ignoring these other factors may bias or make questionable the validity of student evaluation of teaching as a means of performance appraisal of faculty. Because of the possible existence of biasing factors in SET, there is a...


Culture-study is an influential theory in contemporary humanity.In literary theory,some scholars are inspired by culture-study and think that contemporary literary theory must cross boundary of literary theory and realize its cultural turn if literary theory wants to get breakthrough.Aestheticization of everyday life has the most important effect on literary theory in cultural turn of literary theory,The author of this paper thinks highly of the significance of aestheticization of everyday life,but thinks that we must keep a rational and transcendent perspective towards it.For literary theory,we must maintain aesthetic and transcendent attribute of literature itself,overcome the difficulty of contemporary literary theory through fine and serious literature research,and absolutely would not allow literary theory to be a subsidiary of other culture again.


In this study we evaluated the composition of the essential oil and extract of volatiles obtained from the plant Myrica Parvifolia through simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and hydrodistillation. In addition, the essential oil was subjected to certain tests that allow us to know its physical properties and antimicrobial activity


Aim: to study effectiveness of specific prevention of pneumococcal infection in patients with chronic lung diseases. Materials and Methods: to assess the clinical effectiveness of vaccination, special questionnaire was developed, which included an assessment of anamnesis during the year preceding vaccination and anamnesis of the underlying disease during the year after vaccination. 881 patients with chronic lung diseases were vaccinated. Results: vaccination against pneumococcus in patients with chronic lung diseases has significantly reduced the number of exacerbations of the underlying disease in patients aged 56-60years(RR=0.3(95%CI:0.12-0.73),61-65years(RR=0.3(95%CI:0.12-0.73) and 66-70years(RR=0.17(95%CI:0.06-0.49)(p Conclusions: the results indicate a high efficiency of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in patients with chronic lung disease: in all groups a decrease in the incidence of respiratory infections, reduction in the number of exacerbations of the underlying disease and hospitalizations for exacerbations.


The use of the highly active catalyst PPA renders possible the coupling of deactivated or sterically hindered aryl chlorides and vinyl chlorides with organostannanes to provide a variety of coupling products (44 examples).


To achieve maximum mobility, device-less approaches for home appliance remote control have received increasing attention in recent years. In this paper, we propose a screen-less virtual touch panel, called AirTouch Panel, which can be positioned at any place with various orientations around users. The proposed virtual touch panel provides a potential ability to remotely control the home appliances, such as television, air conditioner, and so on. The proposed system allows users to anchor the panel at the place with comfortable poses. If the users want to change panel's position or orientation, they only need to re-anchor it, and then the panel will be reset. In this paper, our main contribution is to design a re-anchorable virtual panel for digital home remote control. Most importantly, we explore the design of such imaginary interface through two user studies. In our user studies, we analyze task completion time, satisfaction rate, and the number of miss-clicks. We are interested in the feasibility issues, for example, proper click gesture, panel size and button size, etc. Moreover, based on the AirTouch Panel, we also developed an intelligent TV to demonstrate the usability for controlling home appliance.


[Objective] To explore the effects of water-fertilizer interaction on the content of main N-containing compounds in flue-cured tobacco.[Method] During 2007~2008,taking tobacco cultivar Yunyan 87 as the tested material,a field test was conducted under different water-fertilizer interaction conditions.[Result] Different water-fertilizer treatments had great effect on the content of main N-containing compounds,the content of N-containing compounds in treatment T8 and T5 was all in the appropriate range;the nicotine content in treatment T8 was the most appropriate,while the total content of chlorophyll was the lowest.Under the condition of applying 60 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer,the irrigation in occasion of drought could reduce the content of total nitrogen,nicotine and chlorophyll in tobacco leaves.[Conclusion] In view of N-containing compounds in the leaves of flue-cured tobacco,the best combination of water and fertilizer was applying 60 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen,120 kg/hm2 P2O5 and 180 kg/hm2 K2O on the basis of sufficient irrigation(keeping the field water-holding capacity to be over 75%).


The invention relates to a respiration medicine nursing instrument and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments. The respiration medicine nursing instrument comprises a nursing instrument main body and is characterized in that an oxygen content alarming fixed frame, a sputum sucking cup storing box and a dustproof cover are arranged on the front side of the nursing instrument main body, an oxygen content alarming lamp, an oxygen content alarming meter and an oxygen content alarming voice window are arranged in the oxygen content alarming fixed frame, a sputum sucking cup is arranged in the sputum sucking cup storing box, an internal sputum sucking pipe and a volume alarming meter are arranged on the sputum sucking cup, a sputum sucking pipe fixing device is arranged on the internal sputum sucking pipe, a metal clamping groove is formed in the sputum sucking cup storing box, the sputum sucking cup storing box is connected with a sputum sucking cup storing box protecting cover through a rotating hinge, and a metal clamping lock is arranged on the sputum sucking cup storing box protecting cover. The respiration medicine nursing instrument is complete in function, convenient to use, scientific, safe, high in efficiency, intelligent and accurate. Furthermore, the respiration machine nursing instrument can save time and labor for curing a respiratory system disease patient and reduces the work difficulty of medical workers.


Currently many structures are being determined at resolutions in the range of 3 Å to 4.5 Å. Recent developments in cryo-electron microscopy have spurred a rapid increase in the number of large structures and many crystal structures continue to be determined in this range of resolutions. Model-building at resolutions lower than about 3 Å remains challenging due to the lack of detail in the density maps. Additional difficulties are presented by cases where both protein and RNA are present and the interpretation of density must include the choice of chain type. We have developed tools for low-resolution model-building using either X-ray or cryo-EM maps. The phenix.map_to_model tool divides a map into small contiguous regions of density, builds protein or RNA into each, optimizes geometry by finding segments that appear to have secondary structure, combines all the models of each chain type together, identifies which chain type fits each part of a map best, and combines all these together into a partial model for the structure. Any symmetry present in the structure can be included in the model-building process. All the tools needed to carry out this low-resolution model-building are available in current versions of Phenix and can be obtained from the Phenix web site at http://www.phenix-online.org.


Excess Gibbs energy (GE) or activity-coefficient models have a strong niche in applied thermodynamics since they provide an effective method to correlate and estimate phase equilibrium for nonideal systems. The history of their development is well represented by many papers in the technical literature, and notably in the five score and ten years of publications in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. The science and technology has moved from formulating and establishing ideas and concepts to the automation of modern software, where phase-equilibrium correlations are often developed by algorithms with little or no expert human intervention. In addition, there is belief among practitioners that increasingly theoretical models, based upon molecular thermodynamics, will lead to more accurate correlations and with wider applicability. In this paper we use an apparently complex, but actually simple system (the lower alcohols), to study the development of GE correlations for industrial application. The subjects f...


A rotor (2) of an electrical machine (60) has a laminated rotor core (4). A fan (8), which is arranged at the end face in the laminated rotor core (4), is provided for cooling purposes. The fan has a fan blade (21) and a supporting element (20) for the fan blade (21), wherein the fan blade (21) extends by way of a first section (31) beyond the supporting element (20) in a first axial direction and extends by way of a second section (33) beyond the supporting element (20) in a second axial direction (34) opposite to the first axial direction (32).


Marketing educators have long recognized the value of engendering students' deep learning of course content via experiential pedagogies. In this article, the authors describe a semester-long, team-based retail audit project that is structured to elicit active student engagement with consumer behavior course material via concrete, hands-on, real-world experience. For the project, students form teams to organize and conduct an observational audit of a live retail setting. In the process of completing the project, students engage with course content on their own, with their team members, and importantly, within a focal store environment, thus experiencing for themselves the effects of that content on their own shopping behavior, as well as that of others. Compelled by the project's active pedagogy to engage in discovery, students learn not only the "what" and "why" of marketing concepts, strategies, and techniques but also "how to" implement them. Anchored in conceptual perspectives relevant to the project, the article explains the components and structure of the project and explicates its key benefits with an emphasis on the students' perspectives. The article includes results of qualitative and quantitative analyses that support the effectiveness of the project and suggests future directions for extending pedagogical research in this area.


Through the Action Research (AI in Spanish), an instructor manages to concretize the practical stage of apprentices in a training program. Thus, they reach the results of the teaching and learning process, strengthening the relations of the training center with the productive sector, pointing to their requirements and favoring the educational community in this type of exercises. The present article proves that AI is an effective method for intervention in the professional practice of an instructor, generating spaces of agreement and causing improvements in the community immersed in the problem.


Abstract New pyridine derivatives bearing p-dimethyl amino phenyl and p-bromophenyl moieties at position-4 and 6 have been prepared. The behavior of pyridone derivative 2 toward ethyl chloroacetate followed by hydrazine hydrate gave pyridinyl acetohydrazide derivative 7, and its behavior toward carbon electrophiles has been investigated by its reaction with aromatic aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, acetyl acetone, cyclohexanone, phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and isatin affording the pyridine derivatives 8a–e to 16, respectively. Treatment of compound 2 with acrylonitrile in Et3N, yielded the N- alkylated derivative 17. Some pyrazole derivatives have been synthesized by interaction of the chalcone 1 with hydrazine hydrate afforded pyrazole derivative 18. Treatment of compound 18 with benzoyl chloride and or acetic anhydride resulted in the formation of the acylated compounds 19 and 20. Elemental and spectroscopic pieces of evidence characterized all the newly synthesized compounds. Some of the synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Sugar alcohol derivatives with multi azobenzene arms are photochemically and isothermally liquefied from a powdered solid upon irradiation with ultraviolet light at room temperature, and then solidified on irradiation with visible light, where the transition between solid and liquid are reversible. These compounds possess similar chemical structures to comb-like liquid crystalline oligomers.


It has long been known th at dUTing sunrise VLF signals received over a lon g path show periodic variations in amplit ude. At sunset similar, though smaller , variations occur . Obser vations in recen t years [Pierce, 1957] of t he relative phase delay of such signals show t hat the amplitude vari,ttions are accompanied by phase v,triations. The original explanation [Yokoyama and T n.nimura, 1933] was that dW'ing the day the ionosphere behaves like ft m etallic reflector h ftv ing ft pse ucloBrewster angle near 90° (grazing incidence), while at night it behaves like ft dielectric wi th the pse udoBrewster angle n ear 30°. During sunset or s unrise the Brewster angle changes from 30° to 90° and at some instant passes through a va lue equal to the angle of incidence of the wave. The signal level then decreases at this time because of the reduced reflection coefficient. This drop in amplitude of the received signal would then be repeated each time the sunrise (SR ) or s unset (SS) line passed each " poin t" of reflection on a multihop path. This explanation now seems unlikely to be valid since calculations [Wait and Perry, 1957] of the reflection coefficient of the ionosphere for VLF waves show that the decrease in reflection coefficient at the pse udoBrewster minimum is small. More recently, Rieker [1963] has attempted to explain the periodic phase variations observed during sunrise and s unset at Neuchatel (Switzerland) on the 18 kc/s signals from NBA in the Canal Zone. His explanation , which is again based on a single ray geometrical optics approach, is that the five "steps" in t he sunrise phase variation are due to the SR line advancin g over each of the five reflection points of the five hop pftth. Rieker 's explanation does no t attempt to acco unt for the amplit ude minim a which accompany the phase "steps." Explanations of the sunset and sunrise phenomen a which are based on a ray-optics model such as those mentioned above and which invoke only one ray , seem. unlikely to b e able to account correctly for the obser vations on long pat.hs for two reasons . The


Route scheduling optimization is important in SDN network. The SDN network needs the best solution for route optimization. Limited networking of software is the most interesting development in this field as it is important to provide a fast and reliable routing path based on its need. The IoT supports software defined applications interface in the overall networks. The SDN is recommended by enhancing the SDN architecture's benefits in improving research network quality. SDN network information exchange is one of the most important factor. It is important to plan the information accordingly and adjust a load of information to the SDN. A Maximum throughput scheduling process is proposed, which is upgraded using the Imbalanced Classification Algorithm. SDN has shown the advantage in many ways compared to the traditional network. But the problem of load inconstancy still occurs in SDN. The imbalanced classification method supports the maximum throughput schedule function and integrates load balancing strategies to improve SDN networks' Performance. Classification is to be proposed based on machine command in QoS. An imbalanced classification learning method is used for improving the QoS requirements and shows that the simulated results of the identified traffic load balance and maximum throughputs in the proposed solutions. Functionality has been improved much better than previous functions in the same area.


Fall Line shoals are zones of geomorphic complexity within a river basin, and have been recognized as sites of high aquatic macroinvertebrate diversity and production. The shoals of the free-flowing Cahaba River, in central Alabama, represent some of the most significant remaining examples of this channel feature that was once common throughout many rivers of the southeastern United States prior to widespread river regulation. The goal of this dissertation is to examine how the major habitats of a Cahaba River shoal influence the distribution and secondary production of the macroinvertebrate assemblage. Chapter 2 quantifies the variety of habitat types across the shoal reach and examines the temporal biomass dynamics of the 2 most common in-stream macrophytes, Justicia americana and Podostemum ceratophyllum. Chapter 3 presents a new method for obtaining in situ growth rates of several species of the diverse pleurocerid snail assemblage. The results of this method were later used to estimate production for this family. Chapter 4 describes the distribution, biomass, and production of the nonnative Asiatic clam, Corbicula fluminea, across the shoal reach, highlighting its dependence on Justicia habitat. Finally, Chapter 5 incorporates the preceding chapters into a study of the distribution of macroinvertebrate assemblage production across bare bedrock, Justicia, and Podostemum habitats, as well as the entire shoal reach. Total annual production of all macroinvertebrates was 56.1 g AFDM m y in bedrock, 284.4 in Podostemum, and 177.3 in Justicia habitats. Total habitat-weighted production of the shoals reach was 87.1 g m y, with bedrock contributing 24.3%, Podostemum 22.7%, and Justicia 53.0% to this total. This study supports the view that


Abstract We describe a prototype quantum key distribution system based on standard optical communication fibre and components. The system has been used to transmit pseudo-random bit sequences encoded in the phase of quasi-single-photon pulses over a distance of 10 km. Bit sequences containing about 150 bits were transmitted in bursts 2 ms long with acceptable error rates of about 5%.


Background and Purpose— During carotid endarterectomy (CEA), microemboli may occur, resulting in perioperative adverse cerebral events. The objective of the present study was to investigate the relation between atherosclerotic plaque characteristics and the occurrence of microemboli or adverse events during CEA. Methods— Patients (n=200, 205 procedures) eligible for CEA were monitored by perioperative transcranial Doppler. The following phases were discriminated during CEA: dissection, shunting, release of the clamp, and wound closure. Each carotid plaque was stained for collagen, macrophages, smooth muscle cells, hematoxylin, and elastin. Semiquantitative analyses were performed on all stainings. Plaques were categorized into 3 groups based on overall appearance (fibrous, fibroatheromatous, or atheromatous). Results— Fibrous plaques were associated with the occurrence of more microemboli during clamp release and wound closure compared with atheromatous plaques (P=0.04 and P=0.02, respectively). Transient ischemic attacks and minor stroke occurred in 5 of 205 (2.4%) and 6 of 205 (2.9%) patients, respectively. Adverse cerebral outcome was significantly related to the number of microembolic events during dissection (P=0.003) but not during shunting, clamp release, or wound closure. More cerebrovascular adverse events occurred in patients with atheromatous plaques (7/69) compared with patients with fibrous or fibroatheromatous plaques (4/138) (P=0.04). Conclusions— Intraoperatively, a higher number of microemboli were associated with the presence of a fibrous but not an atheromatous plaque. However, atheromatous plaques were more prevalent in patients with subsequent immediate adverse events. In addition, specifically the number of microemboli detected during the dissection phase were related to immediate adverse events.


In 1999, the New South Wales Board of Studies (NSW BOS) released a revised Stage 6 Personal Development, Health and Physical Education (PDHPE) syllabus. This syllabus signalled a significant discursive shift with subject knowledge altering to reflect a sociocultural perspective of health and physical activity. This shift challenged the identity of many Physical and Health Education teachers who have historically created their professional self around the scientific discourses of human movement. Physical and Health Education teachers have been criticised for their lack of engagement with and insensitivity to the socio-cultural aspects of the revised syllabus (Gard & Wright, 2001; MacDonald et al. 2002), and been described as "elitist, sexist, 'pragmatic sceptics' and anti-intellectual" (Tinning, 2004). Given this professional identity, the question arose as to how professional development could assist NSW PDHPE teachers to engage with and commit to the socio-cultural perspective of the revised syllabus? Therefore the aims of the study were to identify the professional identity of the members of the community of practice (Lave & Wenger, 1991) of PDHPE HSC markers and pre-service PDHPE teachers and establish how this identity influenced their preferences for particular aspects of the Stage 6 PDHPE syllabus. As a further educational outcome of this research, suggestions for professional development were proposed to assist PDHPE teachers to engage with curriculum change. As a mixed-method study, data gathering involved surveying PDHPE HSC markers and pre-service PDHPE teachers, and undertaking semi-structured interviews with 25 PDHPE teachers. A range of NSW BOS and educational systems' professional development documents were used as artefacts. Survey data were analysed using Chi Square and Chi Square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID). Interview data were analysed for themes relating to the value of participating in communities of practice to assist in responding to curriculum change. The results from the examination of both the survey and interview data sources indicated that a range of factors influenced the HSC option selections of NSW PDHPE HSC markers. These factors included the academic ability, sex 1 Stage 6 is the post-compulsory years of schooling (Years 11&12) and PDHPE is a NSW Key Learning Area combining the "traditional" areas of Health and Physical Education.


Objectives: To describe the changes implemented as part of a workplace psychosocial intervention. Methods: The intervention was conducted in a public organization employing 1630 white-collar workers. The intervention was defined as all changes implemented to reduce adverse psychosocial work factors. A logbook was held to describe the changes implemented in the intervention group and in a comparable control group (N = 1282). Results: Social support and reward were the psychosocial factors most targeted (41% to 83%). In comparison with the control group, the intervention group implemented four times more major changes and implemented changes, improving the employees' workload. Conclusions: Changes mainly targeted social support and reward. The intervention group implemented four times more major changes than the control group. The intervention group implemented changes targeting the workload, whereas no such changes were implemented in the control group.


This paper discusses a campaign which involves young people with experience of prostitution in influencing policy and practice which affects this group: the National Youth Campaign on Sexual Exploitation (the Youth Campaign). It is argued that participation is critical to improving outcomes for young people involved in prostitution, yet is often overlooked. Through participation, young people with experience of prostitution can build their self-esteem whilst also helping agencies and policy makers develop more effective strategies on youth prostitution. The paper examines in detail one piece of work undertaken by the Youth Campaign: a workshop run by two young women at a national conference on sexual exploitation. In addition, it gives an overview of current research, policy and practice on participation and young people involved in prostitution and makes recommendations for how practice in this area could be improved. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


This monograph charts the creation of Richard Wilson's 'Slipstream' sculpture, which was commissioned for Heathrow Airport's Terminal 2, and puts it in context with Wilson's previous sculptural practice.

A free ibook was also produced and made available via iTunes. The ibook contains films, audio interviews with Richard Wilson, moveable 3D models and a gallery of images documenting Slipstream from conception to completion.


Abstract Enzymatic grafting of kraft lignin (KL) on wood surfaces is presented as a non-leachable wood protection treatment. Scots pine and European beech mini-blocks were treated with KL solution in the presence of laccase isolated from Myceliophthora thermophila and the formation of a stable interaction between wood and lignin was observed. Furthermore, the same strategy was employed to graft KL with the simultaneous entrapment of copper in the polymeric net formed. Enzymatic treatment diminished the leachability of the compounds in accordance with the EN 84 standard. The durability of the leached wood blocks was evaluated by accelerated decay tests. Samples with grafted lignin on the surface lost their antifungal activity in long-term exposure at the concentration tested. This observation is in contradiction to the preliminary tests, where KL seemed to have some biocidal activity. On the other hand, KL grafting in combination with copper entrapment improved the decay resistance and the copper leaching was reduced.